Federico Fillat

Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
The main issues/problems at the community level are
*Intensive tourism develops
-Traditional pastoral systems became abandoned
-High fire risk hazard
Foto Barrio, 1974
Traditional village of Broto
FF, 2013
Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
The main issues/problems at the community level are
-Intensive tourism develops
*Traditional pastoral systems became abandoned
-High fire risk hazard
FF, 2005
A new flock’s management is necessary
with intermediate characteristics
between the traditional one
and the current’s day light control
Compairé, 1933
Los Proyectos Aragón-Aquitania
Puesta a punto de un dispositivo de
formación profesional de pastores
y vaqueros trashumantes en alta
montaña en las zonas de Ansó,
Echo, Broto y Castanesa (2004-05)
Acompañamiento de una acción de
formación de pastores en un
contexto de evolución del medio
agropastoral pirenaico (expansión
de la población de osos) (2006-07)
Financiación:
C.R. Aquitaine y Gobierno de Aragón
Structure of the presentation:
A compromise between to clear up the shrubs, to put controlled fires and
• LEDD-problems
and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
adequate flock’s management are necessaries
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
The main issues/problems at the community level are
-Intensive tourism develops
-Traditional pastoral systems became abandoned
*High fire risk hazard
FF2012
Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
The main issues/problems at the community level are
*Intensive tourism develops
*Traditional pastoral systems became abandoned
*High fire risk hazard
The impacts of those problems on the community
- Reduce the grasslands productivity due to woody encroachment of
productive grasslands.
- High woody biomass increases the fire risk hazard.
- A positive feedback of low productivity low grazing activity
trigger grazing abandonment and woody encroachment of
abandoned areas
Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
The causes of those problems are:
-Extensive grazing is a high cost-production work because it is very time
demanding activity
-It is a High Cost in terms of a “Bad Job”, not enough appreciated.
-Present average age of farmer is very high.
Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
o
Law 42/2007 Natural Heritage and Biodiversity Act
o
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (1986)
o
Law 5/2007 Natural Park Network
o
Royal Decree 561/2009 by the Statute of the Tourism Institute of Spain
o
Rural Development policy (RDP) (1992, 2003-2004, 2007-2013).
Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
Law 42/2007 Natural Heritage and Biodiversity Act
There is a lack of protocol to preserve the more value pastures, grazing by
itself is not enough to maintain subalpine pastures.
It is necessary to keep in mind that maintaining habitats also preserve the
flora and fauna that live on them
Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
Policies of direct payment has avoided the process of abandonment
The economic activity that has been developed in the last 20 years has been the
tourism, the main LEDD problem of grassland degradation and woody
encroachment has been ignored without a deep consideration of the role of
traditional human activities on the natural heritage.
In the last years different activities have been realized to determine
what activities are determinant for stopping invasion of scrub in the
grassland.
It is still necessary to know the appropriate cattle loads to eliminate the
shrubland invasion.
In order to control LEDD problems we recommended more studies that integrate
the knowledge and the direct participation of stakeholders, administration and
scientists
CAP has continued to enhance a production-model that fits badly to mountain
areas and those techniques have almost no place in extensive livestock
management.
http://www.aragon.es/DepartamentosOrganismosPublicos/Departamentos/AgriculturaGanaderiaMedioAmbiente/AreasGenericas/AyudasySubven
ciones/ci.01_Ayudas_PAC_2013.detalleDepartamento?channelSelected=0#section3
Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
Law 5/2007 Natural Park Network
There are not clear criteria in the prioritization of aids to different request.
It is necessary to establish consensual criteria to satisfy the most important
needs. There is many times a reduced knowledge of the ecological
implications of specific management.
The knowledge of the conditions required for a good conservation of the
natural resources is still quite deficient. In addition, the ecosystems are
complex systems where the cultural, social and economic aspects are
interconnected with the nature conservation and dynamic.
It is necessary a balance between the use and the abuse of the natural
resources. During the last decades much attention was paid to the
conservation of nature leaving out the man, and now we have to face to
the inclusion of man activities without jeopardize the conservation.
The conservation imply the cultural, social and economic rural activities.
While at the beginning of the XX century the excessive agro-ecological
activity gave place to a problem of nature conservation, nowadays the
deficiency on agro-ecological activity is giving place to similar problem for
opposite reasons.
Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
Royal Decree 561/2009 by the Statute of the Tourism Institute of Spain
Tourism is the most important source of money today in the study
area but we need to have into account their negative consequences.
In Sobrarbe area, the most income is directly related with the Ordesa
National Park. In this area tourism opted for a more sustainable and
more harmonious rural and natural actions.
http://guias-viajar.com/espana/aragon-caracteristicas-novedades-estacion-esqui-formigal/
In Alto Gállego, the ski resorts areas and the explosion of urban project many
area have degraded. To resolve this problems, is needed a territorial
ordination plan to coordinate tourist spot within a more general regional
plan.
The study area has a high landscape value. To avoid the negative impacts of the
tourist activity, it is necessary to foment tourism sports, integrated in the nature
and avoiding the seasonality.
Today still there is a very important support of Public Administrations towards
the alpine ski. It is necessary to change this model of snow tourism by a
sustainable model with the environment
Structure of the presentation:
• LEDD-problems and their environmental and socio-economic impacts on the
community
• Specific and local drivers or causes of LEDD-problems in the community/region
• Practical approaches and policy instruments in the community/ region
• Need for policy and further action to combat LEDD-problems
Rural Development policy (RDP) (1992, 2003-2004, 2007-2013).
A positive aspect is the proximity to the decision makers,
Rural development is more to bet on the tourism development. It has invested
heavily in the tourism because it was initial demand coming from the local
population. But in the future is recommended to enlarge initiatives to more
directly relate to the welfare of families living in the valley. Since not always the
welfare of tourists coincides with inhabitants living in the area all the year
around.
In order to promote the diversification of the economic activity, it is needed to
enhance the networks of communication and commercialization. We must
avoid simple rules conducting one way decision that broke the traditional
structures. To help the rural areas trans-disciplinary studies that integrate the
social-economic and natural aspects should be conducted for a better
understanding on the processes
FF, 2013
FF 2007 and 2013