and the Lower Rhine district

Meded.
Werkgr.
Tert. Kwart. Geol.
Lithostratigraphic
vol.
21(3)
123-138
pp.
correlation
of
Rupelian
1984
Leiden, September
figs
6
deposits
(Oligocene)
in the Boom area (Belgium), the Winterswijk area (The Netherlands)
and
the Lower
Rhine
district
(F.R.G.)
by
Maarten
Rijksmuseum
van
den Bosch
van
Geologie
en
Mineralogie
Leiden
and
Hans
Geologisches
Hager
Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen
Krefeld
Maarten
Bosch,
of
Rupelian
(The
area
Meded.
-
in
the
extended
amount
to
be
can
bore hole
areas.
An
clays
coincides
important
It
is
subdivision of
details of
van
landse
Contents:
Samenvatting,
Introduction,
p.
p.
124
124
the
den
may
Bosch,
Kerkgracht
Geologisches
D4150
an
the
the
area
(Belgium),
Lower
Geol., 21(3):
Rhine
the
district
123-138,6 figs.
In
to
Rupelian
Rupelian deposits
Winterswijk
area
a
can
be
are:
sizes
and
reference well
change
apply
correlation of
Dutch
Rhine district. Criteria discussed
from
can
the
also
(41E.3-230) log
response
valid for
all three
lithostratigraphy
light
amounts
increasing
be
to
dark
of Uranium
easily recognized
Belgian
to
grey
the
and
(bituminous)
and
in
Thorium,
gamma
ray
Dutcff lithostratigraphic
Lower Rhine
district.
Some
subdivisions elaborated earlier in the Lower
need re-examination.
Rijksmuseum
van
Geologie
en
Mineralogie, Hoog-
17, 2312 HS Leiden, The Netherlands; Dr. H. Hager,
Landesamt
Krefeld,
Boom
septaria layers, colours, grain
"event". It
biostratigraphic
Rhine district
M.
and
standard
colour
with
proposed
logs.
the
to
possibly indicating
logs.
area
German Lower
compared
the
and
Tert. Kwart.
of calcareous matter,
geophysical
in
lithostratigraphic
Boom
the
correlation
Hager. Lithostratigraphic
Netherlands)
Werkgr.
established
Belgian
Hans
1984.
Leiden, September
Recently
&
(Oligocene)
deposits
Winterswijk
(F.R.G.).
den,
van
F.R.G.
Nordrhein-Westfalen,
De-Greiff-Strasse
195,
124
Boom
area
Rupelian
and Winterswijk area, p.
in the Lower Rhine
deposits
criteria,
Lithostratigraphical
Calcareous matter, p.
Septaria layers,
district,
126
p.
128
p.
128
Calcareous matter in Rupelian
Colours,
125
deposits of the Lower Rhine district,
128
p.
128
p.
129
p.
bore hole
Geophysical
logs,
129
p.
Grain sizes, p. 134
Biostratigraphy,
Conclusions,
p.
134
134
p.
Acknowledgements,
References,
136
p.
136
p.
Samenvatting
De
door M.
onlangs
heid tussen
afzettingen
van
van
den Bosch
het
gebied rond Winterswijk blijkt
artikel
Formatie
in
het
zich
alleen
sche
hier
besproken
boorgatmetingen.
in
kriteria
gehalte
van
aan
In
dit
lichtgrijze
Uranium
Dit punt in
Enkele
en
artikel
details
van
Niederrhein-gebied
het
van
in
het zuidelijke
deel
kalkgehalte,
waarvan
de
duitse
en
Niederrhein-gebied.
verspreiding
de
van
Rupel
formatie uitwigt onder laat-
de boring Miste (41E.3-230)
voor
alle drie de onderzochte
wat
mogelijkerwijs
voorgesteld
tevens
Rupelien
kleur, korrelgrootten
septariënlagen,
kleien
tevens toe
opgestelde
om
te
de
gebieden.
samen
een
op
biostratigrafische
geophysi-
vergeleken
met de
met
toeneming
een
in
het
(belangrijke gebeurtenis).
logs.
de nederlandse lithostratigrafische
en
de
en
Een belangrijke verandering
“event”
op gamma ray
belgische
passen
kunnen worden
valt
duidt op
gemakkelijk worden herkend
vroeger
De
correlatie-vraagstukken.
donkere (bitumineuze)
Thorium,
wordt
van
zijn:
geldig
naar
de secties kan
onderverdeling
met
belgische Rupelstreek
later stadium onderzocht moeten worden.
Boorlogs
standaardlithostratigrafie,
in kleur
een
tot het
kunnen worden uitgebreid
bezig
Niederrhein-gebied,
oligocene afzettingen, zal
De
te
correlatiemogelijk-
lithostratigrafische
ouderdom in de
Rupelien (Midden Oligoceen)
Dit
houdt
(1984) vastgestelde
afzettingen
in
onderverdelingen
het Niederrhein-gebied.
van
het
Rupelien in het
dienen wellicht heronderzocht te worden.
Introduction
In
compilation concerning
a
lithostratigraphic
They
are
correlation
the NW
of the
the
graphic
same
year
Rupel
(Hageman & Hooykaas,
basin-fill
origin
is
and have
greatly
a
1980), it
can
be
the Rupel Formation
character
the Lower Rhine
were
district.
In fact,
aided
by
a
rock stratigraphic
section
derived that the exceptional
well
recognizable
the base,
that
three marker horizons.
fairly wide distribution. The
Formation. From
qualification of the Rupel Formation is particularly
of the Netherlands and
Rupel
Tertiary
considered to be of synchronous
of these horizons is the base of the
in
European Tertiary basin, Kockel (1980) demonstrated
in
upper
one
published
lithostrati-
the southern part
the top, and the subdivision of
represented by straight horizontal lines thus accentuating
the
synchronous
of these boundaries. The lines end in the southern Lower Rhine district where the marine
Formation
is
supposed
Braunkohlenformation).
to
interfinger
with
deposits
of
terrestrial
origin
(Niederrheinische
125
data
Recent
believed
that
the
data
following contribution
Formation
Rupel
wedges
in
additional
cast
now
will
is
the
out below Late
light
to
allow
the
at
define
lithostratigraphy
the generally
agreed
of
the
Rupelian deposits. It is
conceptions
exactly.
more
The
only concerned with the questions of correlations. The distribution of the
Lower
Rhine
district
near
Oligocene deposits, will have
to
its
where the formation
southern margin,
to be discussed later.
BOOM AREA AND WINTERSWIJK AREA
Vandenberghe's
about
publication
the
of
sedimentology
admirable description of the methods available in order to
In
lithostratigraphy.
Vandenberghe's
layer
by
layer
the
preceding
lithostratigraphic
to
Rupelian
issue
of
this
deposits
in
the
Winterswijk
Boom
van
(1978)
Clay
identify Rupelian
periodical,
subdivision of Rupelian
the
den Bosch
deposits by
(1984)
deposits in Belgium
area
of the
contains
can
reported
also
Netherlands. For
an
means
be
of
that
applied
details
the
reader may be referred to the publications mentioned.
Both
detailed
be
areas
way
possible
are
near
irrespective
as
to
200
of this
well for the region
forms part of this region (see fig.
Fig.
1. Location of
areas
km
apart. As
distance,
it
the
can
Rupelian
deposits
can
be
be expected that appropriate
correlated in
a
very
correlations ought to
situated between Boom and Winterswijk. The Lower Rhine district
1).
with correlated
deposits
of
Rupelian
age in
Belgium,
The Netherlands and the Lower Rhine
district.
Ligging
van
de
gebieden
Niederrhein-gebied.
met
gecorreleerde afzettingen
van
Rupelien-ouderdom
in
België,
Nederland
en
het
126
RUPELIAN DEPOSITS IN THE LOWER RHINE DISTRICT
In the German part of the Lower Rhine region,
the eastern
Along
Rupelian
of the region,
margin
Geological
(e.g.
Many
Recklinghausen).
of
map
Rupelian
from
("Walsumer
shafts, Breddin (1931)
Meeressand"),
a
of it
a
"Ratinger Ton"),
sand-Schichten").
Wolk had good
top
on
Schichten". He introduced the
Wolk's
subdivided
as
middle
to revise
this
widely distributed.
are
strip of outcropping
It
subsurface could be
inspected
comprised
to
replace the
1941,
name
p.
"Mehlsand-
83, table 1).
approved and the Rupelian deposits in the Lower Rhine district
were
named
of fine sand ("Mehl-
predominantly
"Lintforter Schichten" instead (Wolk,
sand member
later also
("Ton-Mergel-Stufe",
proposal and
samples
numerous
basal
a
usually
are
follows:
Lintforter Schichten
—
Ratinger Schichten
—
Walsumer Schichten
—
But
due to
between
out
ideas
the
age
broad
the deeper
After having
subdivision.
thick member consisting
reasons
name
a
a
000, sheets Diisseldorf-Essen and
in
lithostratigraphy
proposed
member in
and
1:100
carried out shafts.
clay
present
maps
Northrhine-Westfalia
details of the
studied whenever the mining industry
derived
deposits of Rupelian
the geological
1958,
more
be
to
p.
the quite
clayey,
difficult.
260, fig.
grain size-ranges of the Rupelian deposits and
similar
silty
more
Occasionally,
or
more
sandy layers,
the
depth
160.0 to
transitions
application of this subdivision turned
confusions could not be avoided
1 where the sand in
numerous
174.5
(compare Fricke & Schiirmann,
was
m
considered to be
erroneously
Walsumer Meeressand).
Geophysical
same
of
time,
with
von
hole logs
samples
derived
Benedek & Miiller,
the usual bore hole
graphic
from
1974).
had been worked out.
shafts
boundaries
investigated. The need for
(see
As these
samples), results
purposes. Subdivision
localities
improved the situation remarkably (see Schaub,
subdivisions
biostratigraphic
sediment
later
bore
more
Ellermann,
samples
were
were
thought
were
defined
They
1958;
making
on
investigations
1958; Indans,
uncontaminated (in
particularly
use
1958). About the
based
Goerlich,
obviously
to be
and independent
were
representative
for strati-
of observations from
control could not be
1958;
contrast
the few
conceded too much
urgency.
Fig.
2.
Content of calcareous
Kalkgehalte
Fig.
3.
in
monsters
Content of calcareous
Calcareous
septaria
are
Kalkgehalte
matter
in
samples
uit schacht
matter
in
indicated with > S <
in
houdende niveau’s die
lagen
septariën
equivalent
to
zie
Fig.
of the Boom
septaria
see
Fig. 1).
1).
area,
layers
the
Winterswijk
area
and shaft
hatched. Calcareous
are
Hoerstgen.
layers
containing
in schacht
Hoerstgen.
.
Rupelien-afzettingen
(mergelige)
Hoerstgen (location
Hoerstgen (ligging
Rupelian deposits
(marly) layers, possibly
Kalkhoudende
from shaft
in de
die
Rupelstreek,
overeen
bevatten
zijn
kunnen
het
gebied
komen
aangegeven
met
van
met
> S <
Winterswijk
en
septariënniveau’s
.
zijn
gearceerd.
Kalk-
127
Fig. 2
Fig.
3
128
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC CRITERIA
Calcareous matter
When
deposits
Vandenberghe (1978) established
with
and
ease
obtained
from
additional
the
high
as
observed
in
could
criterion
serve
Boom
the
as
shaft
area.
The
and
the
authors
samples
matter
careous
a
be established.
reliable
It
layers
had to be based
at least to
-
a
layers, colours
septaria
details
most
increase.
they
as
had been
It
demonstrated that the
could be
content of
guide. The vertical succession of layers with low, medium
this
was
Winterswijk
area
observation
which stimulated
coincides
with
closely
the succession
the attempt to look for
deposits of the Lower Rhine district
(location
Hoerstgen
lithologic
stratigraphic,
matter of
distinct
identify
deposits
applied
1984).
matter in the
Calcareous matter in Rupelian
published.
Rupelian
be
can
and accessible. Regarding
data in the Lower Rhine district.
comparable
When
to
difficulties
sufficient data in order to retrace
den Bosch,
content of calcareous
or
These criteria
appropriately exposed
are
the
shafts,
.or
subdivision of
provided
calcareous matter may
Septaria layers, colours and certain grain size
from suitable bore holes. But observations about
described from Belgium (van
An
Rupelian deposits
holes
area,
portions
grain size
bore
samples
on
-
lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Rupelian
particular importance (p. 34 and following).
wherever
Winterswijk
the
extent
great
less
or
his detailed
of various criteria.
disposed
to be of
proved
more
samples
In
Belgium,
in
anomalies
he
varies
permitted
of shaft
considerably.
1)
fig.
geomechanic
were
out
see
under
was
investigations.
to
Not
present
Rupel
all
the analytical
Hoerstgen. From fig. 2
The
construction,
it
Formation
of
the
results
be
can
samples
final
(comprising
results
concerning
seen
saved
were
have
for
been
the calcareous
that the content of cal-
"Walsumer
Meeressand",
"Ton-Mergel-Stufe", and "Lintforter Sande mit Septarien-Ton") contains relatively little calcareous
matter
(it is
not before the
beginning of the Chattian deposition that
a
general rise of the percentage
of calcareous matter becomes evident).
In
in
fig.
3
with
data from
encl. 3). From
in
in
the
Boom
district.
3
fig.
and
it
can
be
shaft
Winterswijk
correlation
The
Rupel
succession
Formation in
and
of calcareous and less calcareous layers
shaft
the Winterswijk
the Boom
calcareous matter in
tentative
of the
the Boom and
subdivision
graphic
of
presentation
a
the lower part of the
Hoerstgen
area
(a
more
the Winterswijk
area
has been
area.
between the
The
Rupel
displays
some
similarities
can
be
as
a
found in
with
first
some
den Bosch,
the
area
and
1984,
percentages
respective
approximation
the Winterswijk
following paragraphs discuss further criteria and
van
of lower and higher
similarity
served
Formation in
observed
detailed comparison of the lithostrati-
derived that the vertical succession
Hoerstgen
placed
as
besides two columns
to
successions
establish
a
the Lower Rhine
implications of this correlation.
Septaria layers
Up
into
a
to
1978, Vandenberghe
sequence
septaria layers
of
near
eight
(1984,
p.
different
all
102).
levels S1
his observations of layers
horizons (S1-S8).
Antwerpen (S9-S12, unpublished;
The distinction of septaria
den Bosch
could incorporate
Later on,
for details
he
see
detected
van
-S10, discovered in the Winterswijk
containing septaria
somewhat
den Bosch,
area,
was
younger
1984, encl. 3).
described
by
van
129
From observations which
and
way
with
later
from
septaria
of
investigations
the samples
Three marly layers
penetrated.
were
performed when the construction of shaft Hoerstgen
were
it
preserved
be
can
made
three layers
that
sure
found which may be accounted for
were
under
was
equivalents
of levels containing septaria.
The informations available from shaft
opinion
an
vertical
the
on
distances between
that in shaft
area.
The layer of marl from 220.5
this
to
belonging
Septaria layers
and S6.
187.6
m
The
the
the
at
is
is
m
not
was
the
at
depth of 206.0
it
equivalent
thought
to
m
could
assume
in the Boom and
level S1
septaria
to
depth of 231.7
the
Considering
reasonable to
seems
correspond
level S3.
to
level S4 (it appears that material,
represent
included when the chemical analysis
be
single
a
about
regarded
layer (see
m
layer
septaria
uppermost
possibly
can
of both within
knowledge
to 221.0
calcareous layer,
septaria
was
carried out of
depth interval).
the respective
S5
horizon
marly
the
in order to allow
specified
encountered.
layers and the marly levels,
septaria
"Ton-Mergel-Stufe"
The
sufficiently
not
are
of
other particularities
the
the
Hoerstgen
Winterswijk
the
and
shape
Hoerstgen
as
and
of
shaft
den Bosch,
m
which
to either level
1984,
to
supposed
are
Hoerstgen
equivalent
an
van
201.5
be
identical with levels
observed
was
S7, level
S8,
or
at
a
a
depth of
combination
102-103). Fig. 3 summarizes the present
p.
levels, and their numbering within
the content of calcareous matter, the septaria
under consideration.
areas
Colours
Colours and colour
a
lithostratigraphic
to
the Winterswijk
detailed
area,
Breddin (1931
between
series
and
a
depth,
The
Boom
series
interpretation
1"
at
of light
other words
(assumed)
and the
Boom
land
the
area
Clay"
of
presence
clay
area
has been
between
so
few
very
from the "Putte
caused by the
Bosch,
In
1984).
and
grey
about
can
If
boundary
to be of
as
this
dark clay coincides exactly
m
a
a
light
district,
on
exposures
a
may
come
to exist
is
correct,
in shaft
layer
actually
to
a
no
a
can
sufficiently
available.
are
well
be
applies
as
samples
difference
A
presumed.
the conclusion that in
a
predominantly
comparable
Hoerstgen
designated
deserve
as
to establish
same
pronounced
grey colours
change between
opinion
as
dark
boundary
at 215
to 220
level
septaria
particular attention.
lower grey clay and
an
In
m
S4.
the
upper
importance. In the standard lithostratigraphy of the
the perhaps
most obvious
In the Winterswijk area, the
the
clay.
boundary. It separates the "Waas-
same
"Woold
of black bands when passing
with
Rhine
Rupelian deposits
boundary between
"Kotten Member" and
frequency
of
the marly
may
unmistakable
figures
177
be supposed
meters above
proved
Clay".
the
of
occurred.
this
an
Lower
in the
that in the Lower Rhine district
called "black bands" in the upper dark
the increasing
the
of what Breddin reported
depth
a
(1978) tried
outcrops of the Boom Clay in Belgium (the
brownish
colours
this colour change
boundary
that
a
Winterswijk
dark to blackish
decisive role when Vandenberghe
verify
of dark
between darker and lighter sediments
in
a
observations of colours based
some
allow to
deposits
"Norddeutschland
shaft
den
van
a,b) quoted
tentative
necessarily
see
descriptions
Rupelian
played
of colours and colour changes occurring
descriptions
from shafts. His
changes
correlation between the
colour change
Member".
The
is identical with
colour
change
In the next paragraph it will be
from
the lower grey
clay
to
is
shown
the upper
noticeable increase of natural radioactivity.
Geophysical bore hole logs
It is well known
have
displayed
that in
striking
the
Rupel Formation of the North Sea basin geophysical bore hole logs
similarities
irrespective of the distances of the bore hole locations. The logs
130
have been used for correlations in
1958; Schaub,
Fahrion,
see
paleontological evidence,
data (bore
hole
hole is thought
standard
a
layers,
if
in
changes
fig. 4 it is
the
or
some
resistivity
correlations
439.860/242.265;
den Bosch,
one
the
change
more
established
between
boundary
(RES). The
such
be
than
the
does not
sharply increases
at
to
seem
the lower
its upper part. The bore hole
coincides
contains
parallels
It
with
the colour
numerous
was
can
—
to
give
to the
be
to dark
overcome
logs display
a
by
as a
fig.
logs. They
area
account
layer by layer.
coincides with
a
boundary of this formation
may be due to differences
pore water.
a
the Winterswijk Member. But
exhibits
particularly
interval
an
with
content of
high
this statement
high
anomalously
an
clayey
matter. Radiation
the lower grey
an
the
to
dark
upper
increased amount of organic
at
the lower boundary
clay. As the dark clay
matter it
is obvious to
draw
the Lower Rhine district
can
a
are
the
shafts
by
Winterswijk
depth
that this lack of
GR-log
it
radioactivity
can
be
in the
derived that
same
the
lithostratigraphic position;
increased
radiation
in
the
Woold
radiation at
the base of the Woold Member may
reliable indication of the colour change in question.
hole
logs of "Miste" have been combined with
an
Hoerstgen,
resistivity log from Emmerich
in considerable
lithostratigraphic position of the change
But the authors believe
increased amounts of Uranium and Thorium.
intended to give
the
pinpointed.
convinced that the increasing
bore
the
Rupelian deposits has been recorded in the Lower Rhine district,
similar increase of
sufficiently
4,
of
are
nowhere be
two observations:
spectrometric
The authors
the
an
septaria
as
of the Woold Member and decreases to "normal" values in
from
bands and
clays
Member is caused
In
upper
The response of resistivity
Member
caused by
boundary
change
criteria
of the Brinkheurne Formation
samples demonstrate that the increasing radiation
mentioned that in
from
be taken
press)
lithology, the GR-log confirms that the Brinkheurne Formation
Woold
be
wherever the radiation of
the
—
den
between the increase of organic matter and the increase of radiation.
from light grey
data
black
zonations (van
lithostratigraphic
logs.
Ratum Formation and
The
supplemented.
radiation. It
Miste furnishes
near
Janssen & King, in
press;
response of the
applies
same
pronounced.
with the observed
clayey-silty
to
area
erroneous.
above N.A.P.). The bore
m
biostratigraphic
preliminary results. No attempt is made
less
simply
or
of the first which allows to compare the
and
(effective) porosity and/or the chemical composition of the
needs
26.6
1980; Gaemers, in
grain size anomalies and the
is
have been confirmed by
log of the natural radioactivity (GR). In this bore hole it is possible
be
can
bore hole in the Winterswijk
Formation
Rupel
van
a
in resistivity
change
the Lower Rhine district,
(concerning
Some
1962).
it may be
as
obvious that the lower
In accordance
is
1975;
parallels
4 presents
noticeable
but
the
log (RES) and
any
colour
Fig.
From
Janssen,
resistivity
check
to
&
a
coordinates:
exceptional
lithostratigraphy
Bosch, Cadee
with
4IE.3-230;
of
the basin
few correlations turned out to be premature
log correlation
be quite
to
1958; Thienhaus,
very
controllable
Regarding
new
a
various parts of
and it
was
is
impression
of
situated
quite
previously
published
log correlations between the Winterswijk
Rossenray, Kapellen
included for two
some
and
reasons:
close
to
a
Tonisberg
the well
line
(locations
penetrated
connecting
the
see
fig.
area
and
1). The
Rupel Formation
the Boom
area
with the
area.
The decrease of radiation in the upper part of the Woold Member cannot yet be
interpreted. This
question needs further consideration.
unambiguously
131
logs
ray
gamma
spontane
(RES),
and
(SP)
logs
self-potenial
(RES),
logs
resi tvity
of
werstandmetig
el ctrische
bijehorend
de
met
(GR).
response
with
age
Rupelian
Rupelin-odrm
log
ray
gamma
en
van
(SP)
of
Deposits (GR).
4.
Fig.
Afzetingen potentia l
132
Fig.
5
(pp.
132
graphic
+
Mittelsand
NP
=
no
133).
Grain size
subdivisions.
=
medium
diagrams
Translation of
sand,
nannoplankton.
Feinsand
of shafts
German
=
fine
Hoerstgen, Rossenray, Tönisberg
terms:
sand,
Tiefe
Schluff
=
=
and
depth, Gliederung
silt,
Ton
=
Kapellen,
nach
=
clay, Ton-Mergel
and biostrati-
subdivision
=
marly clay,
after,
kein
133
Korrelgrootte-diagrammen
fische
onderverdelingen.
Mittelsand
kein NP
=
=
van
matig fijn zand,
geen
de
Vertaling
nannoplankton.
schachten
van
duitse
Feinsand
=
Hoerstgen,
begrippen:
fijn zand,
Rossenray, Tönisberg
Tiefe
Schluff
=
=
en
Kapellen,
diepte, Gliederung
silt,
Ton
=
nach
=
klei, Ton-Mergel
en
biostratigra-
indeling volgens,
=
mergelige klei,
134
Grain sizes
In
the
Rupelian deposits of the Winterswijk
slightly sandy layers
and
What
shafts
The
in the Boom
as
(van
area
the Winterswijk
Hoerstgen,
alternation of clayey,
silty
1984, encl. 3). The
den Bosch,
favours the idea that in the region
areas
the Lower Rhine district, the available data
concerns
derived from samples
were
observed
vertical
same
situated
the sequence of depositional events may have been very similar if not identical.
areas
the Boom and
can
the
area,
identity of the succession in both
nearly complete
between both
be
published grain
A number of grain size analyses
area.
Kapellen
is
compiled
in
and
Tonisberg
diagrams have been
close
fig.
thoroughly detailed
published
They
as
in
previously. They
extent between the
superficial
100 square
to
5.
as
was
out of the four shafts just mentioned. The
Rossenray,
size
not
are
kilometers
exhibit similarities
(fig.
1).
well
as
as
discrepancies.
A
closer
between
details
reveals that
inspection
the
investigated
samples
in
observed
the
(e.g.
Boom and
the
frequency of samples. Nevertheless,
size
to
in all
changes
the
shaft
four
region,
shafts.
is
it
some
the
of grain size variations
Problems
difficult
noticed
by
den
suppressed due
from
geophysical
numerous
may
depositional
a
hiatus
in
events
(1984,
logs clearly confirm the tendency of
deposition
encl.
3)
important
insufficient
an
of several grain
logs recorded close
which
are
indicated
be assumed to have occurred within the shaft region
or
continue
an
identical sequence
area.
from erosional events.
lithostratigraphic methods. The quite obvious
Bosch
to
recurrence
bore hole
distance
differing
Rossenray). Obviously,
be
observed in the Boom and the Winterswijk
identified by
van
and
may
doubt that many of the
The bore hole
arise from
may
be
to
as
area
be attributed to the
grain size diagrams indicate the
Judging
beyond
contemporaneously.
can
Hoerstgen
compare
Winterswijk
by slight changes of the grain size portions
about
discrepancies
They
admittedly
are
question if the hiatuses
into the Lower Rhine district
cannot
yet be
answered.
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
The
(Ellermann,
could
on
biostratigraphy
microfaunistic
von
incorporated
and
district
seem
to
exist
possibly plead
has
been subdivided
Benedek & Miiller,
To
1974).
derived from the shafts
into this
figure
for
boundaries
between
a
seem
a
by
to
means
biostratigraphy
and
biostratigraphy
presented in fig. 5.
an
The biostrati-
immediate comparison
may be noticed that
"jump". Considering
renewed occupation with the
of
great extent, the subdivisions
in order to facilitate
lithology. Looking into the details, it
and microfloristic
parallels
attention and
1958;
Rhine
the study of samples
results have been
between
obvious
the Lower
1958; Indans,
be based
graphic
in
Rupelian
lithology.
a
few of the
other boundaries,
Both
paleontological
cases
some
deserve
may
evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
1) It is proposed
to
correlate the
Rupel Formation
deposits of the Boom and the Winterswijk
—
The
clayey
Boom Clay
—
The sandy
facies
of the
area
by
Rupel Formation
of the Lower Rhine district
means
is
of
lithostratigraphy
supposed
to be
as
to the
Rupelian
indicated in
fig. 6.
approximately equivalent
to the
Formation and the Brinkheurne Formation.
facies is supposed to be
approximately equivalent
to the
Winterswijk Member.
135
Fig.
6.
Correlation of
Correlatie
van
Rupelian deposits
in the Boom area, the
Rupelien-afzettingen
in de
Rupelstreek,
Winterswijk
het
gebied
area
rond
and the Lower Rhine district.
Winterswijk
en
het
Niederrhein-gebied.
136
—
The boundary
in all
The
three
authors
exposures,
The
of
which
introduced
Rupelian
that
the
subdivision
proposed
applied
be
can
being fully equivalent
the Walsum Member
or
as
be
synchronous
by inspection
of
refrain
to
Winterswijk
area
part of it has
from
regard
introducing
252; 1931b,
p.
to be
thought
of
to the immediate
into the Lower Rhine district,
new
and the Lower Rhine
by Breddin (1931a,
the Berg Sand Member.
area
are
subdivision which has been established
lithostratigraphic
prefer
Member)
recommended. With
from the Winterswijk
of the
use
described
to
longer
cannot any
deposits passing
(the authors
area
(Lintfort Member, Ratingen
names
use
believed to be identical in the
are
The Walsum Member
as
opinion
value only. Their
the Winterswijk
in
of the
are
to be reasonable to make
seems
to be
freshly recovered bore hole samples and of geophysical bore hole logs.
continuation of
it
supposed
areas.
previously
restricted
between the light grey facies and the dark facies is
deposits
cannot be
regarded
district).
134)
p.
for
names
Following Janssen (1982) and Gaemers (1984),
to be considered
as
synchronous with the Late Tongrian Basse-
velde Sand.
2) Concerning
demonstrated
the
latter
became
and
area
somewhat
the
faster.
The
spectacular
about
thickness
variations of
the Boom and the Winterswijk
the
Lower
Rhine
difference
in
district
amount
32 PPM
to
of
now
subsidence
short time after the
3) The increased
(from
horizontal
that in
layers, Vandenberghe and
area
constancy
that
suggests
possibly
van
the
Lower
Rhine
the future tectonic
signals
den Bosch
prevails. Correlation between
area
subsided
pattern which
beginning of the Late Oligocene.
Uranium (from
about 40-45 PPM)
about
observed in
5
PPM
to
about
the Woold
7-12
PPM) and Thorium
Member poses
some
questions.
One may be mentioned: is the (rather sharp) rise of the U- and Th-content in the deposits indicative
of
an
the
"event"
which
may
be
increase of radiation
same
believed
can
radiation
in
boundary
between grey and black
logs
be
"Doornspijk-2"
to
have
noticed
768
depth
occurred
&
(see Hageman
m
and
at
contemporaneously
"L2-4"
Hooykaas,
depth 987
1980,
m,
all
places
where
increase of gamma
indicating
possibly
a
clay)?
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Rijksmuseum
enabled
authors
J.
U.
the authors
received
Kalterherberg
Geologie
perform
Mineralogie
en
the
U.
Geological Service Northrhine-Westfalia
and
required
from Messrs.
Miiller
Wolfgang
and the
investigations
valuable informations
(GLA),
Bell, M. Flock,
reproduced
van
to
P.A.M.
to
permitted
Gaemers, A.W.
(WBK) and H. Reichelt
them.
publish
Janssen (both
The
RGM),
(BAG Niederrhein). U. Amend,
Kampmann, R. Polkehn and E. Schumann kindly
prepared the drawings and
them for print.
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