Mixing Integrated Coastal Zone Management and

Mixing Integrated Coastal Zone Management
and Green Growth in Colombia: A recipe to
resilient coastal cities?
Verónica Trujillo-Gedeon
Former visiting Research Fellow, Global Development Partnership Center, Korea Research Institute for Human
Settlements, Colombia
Javier Mouthon-Bello
Associate Professor, Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia)
June 1st, 2013
Coastal cities in Colombia
Caribbean Sea
Pacific Ocean
1937 km of coast line
Three major coastal cities*
1576 km of coast line
Two major coastal cities*
• Cartagena
• Santa Marta
• Riohacha
•
•
979 000 inhabitants
470 000 inhabitants
241 000 inhabitants
Buenaventura 384 000 inhabitants
Tumaco
191 000 inhabitants
* 2013 Estimated population by DANE (Colombia)
Coastal cities in Colombia
Jaime Correa –2009
Cartagena de Indias - World Heritage City
979.000 inhabitants
Climate change impacts
Cartagena de Indias, Flooding event 2010
Sea level rise – storm surges
Drought
Coastal erosion
Ecosystem loss
Invemar y Alcaldía de Cartagena
Climate change impacts
se are usually surrounded by mangrove areas. The largest is going through
d shows high intervention levels as it is being filled with trash to adequate
structure (Alcaldía de Cartagena 2000).
Uncontrolled urban growth
1954
2003
INVEMAR, Sea level rise 2010
Jaime Correa –2009
on of the expansion of the invasive illegal settlement into the Cienaga de la Virgen
rs.
Jaime Correa –2011
Learning from the past looking to
the future
Main ingredients
ICZM
Dynamic process
that promote
sustainable
development in
coastal zones
Green
City
Preserve and
enhance
environmental
qualities
Resilient Coastal City
Jaime Correa –2009
Integrated Coastal Zone
Management (ICZM)
C
Invemar, 2009
• Dynamic, continuous and interactive process designed to promote
sustainable development in coastal areas through policies, strategies
and sectorial plans in space and time, taking into account the marine
and terrestrial components of the littoral (Barrangán, et al., 2008)
Stages for an ICZM plan
1
• Problem identification and
evaluation
2
• Characterization and
assessment
3
• Plan formulation and
adoption
4
5
• Plan implementation
• Evaluation and review
INVEMAR, 2003
Problem identification
and Evaluation
1. Orientation
6. Scoping
2. Institutional
arrangements
3. Technical team
5. Stakeholder
identification
4. Problem
formulation
COLMIZC Methodology – INVEMAR, 2003
1
•Problem identification and
evaluation
2
•Characterization and
assessment
3
4
5
•Formulation and adoption
• Implementation
•Evaluation
Characterization and
Assessment
2.1. Information
requirement
2.2. Field studies
2.3. Model
building and
analysis
Characterization
4. Zoning
Assessment
5. Synthesis and
design scenarios
COLMIZC Methodology – INVEMAR, 2003
1
•Problem identification and
evaluation
2
•Characterization and
assessment
3
4
5
•Formulation and adoption
• Implementation
•Evaluation
From plan formulation
to evaluation
3.1. Plan, programs and
strategies
3.2. Regulations
Formulation and adoption
Implementation
5.1. Impact
evaluation
5.2. Plan review
5.3. New
conditions
Evaluation
COLMIZC Methodology – INVEMAR, 2003
ICZM: From national to local level
Regional Level
Local Level
UIP - Caribbean Sea
Caribbean Sea
Integrated Management Unit (UMI)
Cartagena City
Coastal Environment Unit (UAC)
Integral Environmental - Land Planning Unit
(UIP)
National Level
Pacific Ocean
Green City
Trujillo, Veronica – Green growth in urban coastal zones
Land Uses
• Urban design must contemplate the coast as
prime real estate (aesthetic and functional value)
• Compatible Mixed Uses
– Housing, Commerce
– Densification + Economies of Scale
• Sea Level Rise → Shoreline Modification
– Preservation of environmental values
• Establishment of urban protection areas (e.g.
mangroves)
Transportation
Linear Park of Cartagena de Indias
• Coastal Zones for people, not cars
→High scenic value
– Priority of non-motorized forms of
transport
– Construction of adequate
infrastructure: linear parks and
boardwalks
• Connectivity of littoral areas with
other parts of the city
– Public Transport
– Areas determined for Parking
– Tramways
• Aquatic Transport for commuting
Boardwalk of San Andrés Island
Water resources
managment
• Efficient stormwater management systems– Resilience to natural disasters
– Informal Settlements in High Risk Areas
– Coastal area pollution is a transboundary issue, requiring
concerted efforts by all coastal cities.
• Appropriate urban infrastructure – potable water
networks and sewage systems (from the source to
its final destination)
– Wastewater for reutilization-reduce pollution, energy
source
– Increase of human well being (reduction of
Morbimortality), favors the environment
Cartagena city at risk of sea level rise
and extreme weather
Climate change adaptation plan
1. Rural development and adaptation
2. Infrastructure and competitivity
3. Climate and information
4. Strategic ecosystems
5. Integrated water resource management
6. Institutional arrangements
7. Knowledge
ICZM Initiative
Green growth initiative
Adapted from INVEMAR, 2012
Tide Control Structures for the
residential and touristic sector
Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011
Relocation of vulnerable communities
Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011
Coastal erosion defense system
Public space and urban development
Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011
Jaime Correa –2009
Old city revitalization project
Old city revitalization project
Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011
Conclusions
• Coastal cities must learn to implement both green growth and
integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) strategies, thus
environmental, social, economic and governance aspects can be
incorporated to a resilient city.
• ICZM + Green growth require strong community participation
from plan conception to implementation. Stakeholders should
share their experiences and responsibilities with local and
national government.
• ICZM experiences improves national policies, and results in a
better understanding of the capacities and needs of local level.
Together we build a resilient city
Happy Bday Cartagena!
Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011