DUKUNGAN SISTEM OPERASI OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORT

ASSALAMU’ALAIKUM
ARSITEKTUR KOMPUTER
DUKUNGAN SISTEM OPERASI
OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORT
Disajikan Oleh :
RAHMAD KURNIAWAN
TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UIN SUSKA RIAU
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
RAHMAD KURNIAWAN
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Why need an Operating System???
My students, the section of our lesson
differs from previous lesson.
This section we will study introduce
about Operating System?
Do you know what is an operating
system?
Have you been use Windows XP,
Vista, W7, W8, linux, etc? They are
example from Operating System.
Computer Architecture is need
support by Operating System
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COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
What are we will study???

What is an operating system

History of operating systems

The operating system zoo

Computer hardware review

Operating system concepts

System calls

Operating system structure
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COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Remember !
 A modern computer consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
One or more processors
Main memory
Disks
Printers
Various input/output devices
 Managing all these components requires a
layer of software – the operating system
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Modes of Operation
Most computers have two modes of
operation.


Kernel Mode
 The operating system is the fundamendtal
piece of software and runs in kernel mode
(also called superviso mode).
User mode
 The rest of the software runs in user mode,
in which only a subset of the machine
instruction is available.
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What is an Operating System?
Figure 1-1. Where the operating system fits in.
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Cont...
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Cont...
It is an extended machine


Hides the messy details which must be
performed
Presents user with a virtual machine,
easier to use
It is a resource manager


Each program gets time with the
resource
Each program gets space on the
resource
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The Operating System as an Extended
Machine
Figure 1-2. Operating systems turn ugly hardware into beautiful
abstractions.
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The Operating System as a Resource
Manager
 Allow multiple programs to run at the same
time
 Manage and protect memory, I/O devices,
and other resources
 Includes multiplexing (sharing) resources
in two different ways:


In time
In space
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History of Operating Systems
Generations:




(1945–55) Vacuum Tubes
(1955–65) Transistors and Batch Systems
(1965–1980) ICs and Multiprogramming
(1980–Present) Personal Computers
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Transistors and Batch Systems (1)
Figure 1-3. An early batch system.
(a) Programmers bring cards to 1401.
(b)1401 reads batch of jobs onto tape.
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Transistors and Batch Systems (2)
Figure 1-4. (c) Operator carries input tape to 7094. (d) 7094 does
computing. (e) Operator carries output tape to 1401. (f) 1401
prints output.
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Transistors and Batch Systems (4)
Figure 1-5. Structure of a typical FMS job.
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ICs and Multiprogramming
Figure 1-6. A multiprogramming system
with three jobs in memory.
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Computer Hardware Review
Figure 1-7. Some of the components
of a simple personal computer.
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CPU Pipelining
Figure 1-8. (a) A three-stage pipeline. (b) A superscalar CPU.
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Multithreaded and Multicore Chips
Figure 1-9. (a) A quad-core chip with a shared L2 cache.
(b) A quad-core chip with separate L2 caches.
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Memory (1)
Figure 1-10. A typical memory hierarchy.
The numbers are very rough approximations.
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Memory (2)
Questions when dealing with cache:
When to put a new item into the
cache.
Which cache line to put the new item
in.
Which item to remove from the cache
when a slot is needed.
Where to put a newly evicted item in
the larger memory.
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Disk
Figure 1-11. Structure of a disk drive.
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I/O Devices
Figure 1-12. (a) The steps in starting an I/O device and
getting an interrupt.
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Figure 1-13. The structure of a large Pentium system
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The Operating System Zoo
Mainframe operating systems
Server operating systems
Multiprocessor operating systems
Personal computer operating systems
Handheld operating systems
Embedded operating systems
Sensor node operating systems
Real-time operating systems
Smart card operating systems
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Operating System Concepts
Processes
Address spaces
Files
Input/Output
Protection
Shell
Virtual memory
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Processes
Figure 1-14. A process tree. Process A created two child
processes, B and C. Process B created three child
processes, D, E, and F.
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Deadlock
(a) A potential deadlock. (b) an actual deadlock.
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Files (1)
Figure 1-15. A file system for a university department.
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Files (2)
Figure 1-16. (a) Before mounting, the files on the CD-ROM are not
accessible. (b) After mounting, they are part of the file
hierarchy.
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Files (3)
Figure 1-17. Two processes connected by a pipe.
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System Calls
System calls: a set of “extended
instructions" provided by O.S.,
providing the interface between a
process and the O.S.
Example: Read a certain number of
bytes from a file
count = read(fd, buffer, nbytes)
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Cont...
Figure 1-18. The 11 steps in making the system call
read(fd, buffer, nbytes).
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System Calls for Process Management
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System Calls for File Management (1)
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System Calls for File Management (2)
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Memory Layout
Figure 1-19. Processes have three segments:
text, data, and stack.
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Operating Systems Structure
Monolithic systems – basic structure:
•
•
•
A main program that invokes the requested
service procedure.
A set of service procedures that carry out
the system calls.
A set of utility procedures that help the
service procedures.
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Cont...
Simple structuring model for a monolithic system
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Reference:
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems
3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
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Thank you
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