Program and Abstracts - Nutrition Society Malaysia

Transcription

th
S~ientiti~ Conferen~e
~rogramme &!b~tratt~ 24-25 May 2012 Crowne Plaza Mutiara Hotel Jalan Sultan Ismail Kuala Lumpur Of the
24-25 May 2012
Crowne Plaza Mutiara Hotel
Jalan Sultan Ismail
Kuala Lumpur
Members of the 14th Council
&
Organising Committee of 27th Scientific Conference
President Dr Tee E Siong
Vice-President Prof Dr Mohd Ismail Noor
Honorary Secretary Prof Dr Norimah A Karim
Honorary Treasurer Assoc Prof Dr Zaitun Yassin
Honorary Assistant Secretary Dr Mahenderan Appukutty
Council Members Dr Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib
Assoc Prof Datin Dr Safiah
Mohd Yusof
Ms Tan Sue Yee
Ms Roseline Yap Wai Kuan
||
PRESIDENT’S WELCOME MESSAGE
Welcome to the 27th Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia!
The NSM is pleased to be able to continue to organize this annual scientific event that all
nutritionists look forward to. Besides sharing views and experiences, every year I notice a
lot of buzzing activities of participants networking. It is the first goal of the NSM to
promote nutrition science, and organizing this annual conference is one of the ways of
achieving that goal. It is heartening to note that the conference continues to draw a great
deal of interest amongst the nutrition fraternity in the country.
We have adopted a broad theme for the Conference this year: Current Concerns &
Challenges in Nutrition. This is purposely so, in order to draw attention to the current
concerns in the high prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases and their risk factors. It
also serves to highlight the challenges we are faced with in arresting the increase in these
diseases. The scientific programme therefore has sessions to enable sharing on nutrition
interventions that have been implemented for various target groups. This includes
intervention programmes by the NSM as well.
Another current concern is maternal and child nutrition and hence a session on this
topic has been scheduled. Indeed, we need more work on maternal nutrition as
nutritional status of the mothers is the key towards optimal birth outcomes which in turn
has tremendous implications for later life. A variety of other contemporary research topics
are being presented in another symposium session. The regular symposium on sharing
updates on food and nutrition innovations to promote health and nutritional wellbeing of
various groups is a session we all look forward to.
The Young Investigators Symposium will see young researchers from more local
universities sharing their findings and presentation skills. And vying for top prizes! There
is a record number of 160 posters on research findings to be displayed. Many of these are
by young researchers and eagerly hoping their posters will be judged best posters in this
Conference!
I take this opportunity to place on record our sincere gratitude to all who have
contributed to the successful organizing of this Conference: all speakers and poster
presenters, all participants and all sponsors. I thank my colleagues in the 14th Council of
the NSM for their cooperation and support throughout the year.
Dr Tee E Siong, KMN
[email protected]
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The Nutrition Society of Malaysia gratefully acknowledges
contributions from the following to the 27th Scientific Conference:
Major sponsors
Beneo Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
IOI Loders Croklaan Oils Sdn Bhd
Nestle Products Sdn Bhd
Sponsor for NSM Publication Prize 2011
Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd
Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd
Kraft Foods Scientific Affairs, Regulatory Affairs
and Nutrition (SARAN) Asia Pacific
Sponsors for Conference Lunches
Mead Johnson Nutrition (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Conference sponsors
Ajinomoto (Malaysia) Bhd
Cereal Partners (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Cotra Enterprises Sdn Bhd
GTG Wellness Sdn Bhd
Kotra Pharma (M) Sdn Bhd
Philips Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Summit Co (M) Sdn Bhd
Unilever (Malaysia) Services Sdn Bhd
Yakult (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Advertisers
Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd
GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Sdn Bhd
Heinz ASEAN Pte Ltd
Roche (M) Bhd Bhd
Placement of advertisements in this Souvenir
Programme and display of products and services in the
trade exhibition do not necessarily imply endorsement
of these products and services by the Nutrition Society
of Malaysia
ä|
Page
Organising Committee
ii
Welcome Message from
President, Nutrition Society of Malaysia
iii
NSM Improves Lives Through Nutrition
iv
Acknowledgement
vi
Nutrition Month Malaysia 10th Anniversary Highlights
viii
Official Opening
1
Scientific Programme
2
NSM Awards & Prizes
NSM Prizes 2012
NSM Publication Prize 2012
8
11
NSM Publication Prize 2013 Announcements
14
List of Posters
24
List of trade exhibitors
40
Messages from sponsors
41
Abstract of Papers
Oral presentations – Day 1
Oral presentations – Day 2
57
69
Poster presentations – Day 1
Group A
Group C
Group F
77
118
130
Poster presentations – Day 2
Group B
Group D
Group E
133
167
181
ä||
DAY 1
THURSDAY 24 MAY, 2012
0730 hrs
Registration
0900 hrs
OFFICIAL OPENING
Venue: Nirwana Ballroom 1
0900 hrs
Welcome address by
Dr Tee E Siong
President, Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM)
0915 hrs
Speech and official opening by
Y Bhg Datuk Dr Lokman Hakim bin Sulaiman
Deputy Director-General of Health (Public Health)
Ministry of Health, Malaysia
 Presentation of NSM Undergraduate and Post-graduate Prizes
 Presentation of NSM Publication prizes
0945 hrs
Tour of Trade Exhibition/Scientific Posters by invited guests
0945 hrs
Refreshment
Poster session: presenters in attendance for discussion
D
DAY 1
THURSDAY 24 MAY, 2012
KEYNOTE LECTURE
Chairperson: Prof Dr Mohd Ismail Noor
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
1030 hrs
Role of nutrition in management and prevention of chronic
disease: Opportunities and challenges
Prof Dr Christiani Jeya Henry
Director, Clinical Nutritional Sciences
Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
SYMPOSIUM 1: Nutrition Interventions
Chairperson: Assoc Prof Datin Dr Safiah Md Yusof
Universiti Teknologi MARA
1100 hrs
A good practice approach to treatment of childhood obesity
Sharifah Wajihah Wafa SSTW
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu
1120 hrs
Nutrition intervention among Malaysian elderly: Success,
Challenges and Future Directions
Suzana Shahar
Dietetics Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
1140 hrs
Development and evaluation of nutrition education package
for primary school children – the Healthy Kids Programme
Malaysia
Norimah A Karim
Expert Panel, Healthy Kids Programme Malaysia, Nutrition Society of
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
1200 hrs
Effects of a probiotic cultured milk on functional
constipation in adults
Mazlyn Mena
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Pharmacy & Health
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, International Medical
University, Kuala Lumpur
E
1220 hrs
Zinc and genomic stability
Razinah Sharif
Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Kuala Lumpur
1240 hrs
Lunch
1330 hrs
Poster Viewing / Trade Exhibition
Poster presenters in attendance for discussion
Note:
 All scientific sessions shall be in the Nirwana Ballroom 1, Lower Lobby
 Poster presentations & trade exhibitions shall be in foyer area of Lower Lobby
 Lunch shall be served at Nirwana Ballroom 3, Lower Lobby
 Morning and afternoon refreshment shall be served around the poster and
trade exhibition area
SYMPOSIUM 2: Maternal and Child Nutrition
Chairperson: Assoc Prof Dr Zaitun Yassin
Universiti Putra Malaysia
1400 hrs
Maternal DNA damage in pregnancy and its effect on newborn
birth size
Loy See Ling
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Kubang Kerian
1420 hrs
Factors associated with cognitive ability among 12 to 13
year-old adolescents from selected urban schools in Gombak,
Selangor
Nurliyana Abd Razak
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang
1440 hrs
Level of physical activity among paediatric patients with
acute leukaemia undergoing active chemotherapy
Tan Sue Yee
Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Kuala Lumpur
1500 hrs
Correlation between knowledge and consumption of
commonly advertised food among schoolchildren
Zalma Abdul Razak
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak
Alam
F
SYMPOSIUM 3: Young Investigator’s Symposium
Chairperson: Dr Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib
1530 hrs
Agreement between quantitative ultrasound (QUS) with dual
energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) techniques in measuring
bone health status among Malay children
Chong Kar Hau, Poh BK, Nor Aini J, Nor Azmi K and Kanaga KC
School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
1550 hrs
Postprandial effect of trans free palm margarine,
interesterified palm olein, and interesterified fully
hydrogenated soybean oil blend on insulin sensitivity and
inflammatory markers in human volunteers
Ong Zi Yin, Sokhini AM, Voon PT
Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang
1610 hrs
Relationship between dietary pattern and body mass index
among primary school children
Sharifah Nur Umairah TY & Safiah MY
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak
Alam
1630 hrs
Parental perception of child’s weight status among preschool
children in St. Theresa Kindergarten, Kuala Terengganu
Tan Huey Ghee and Serene TEH
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied
Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur
1650 hrs
Effects of chemotherapy on nutritional status of pediatric
and adolescent cancer patients in Hospital Universiti Sains
Malaysia
Won Su Yun and Sakinah H
1710 hrs
Refreshment / Trade exhibition
G
DAY 2
FRIDAY 25 MAY, 2012
SYMPOSIUM 4: Promoting Nutritional Wellbeing
Chairperson: Prof Dr Norimah A Karim
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
0900 hrs
The role of functional carbohydrates in weight management
and healthy lifestyle
Dr Antje Jungclaus
Manager Nutrition Communication,
BENEO GmbH /BENEO Institute, Mannheim, Germany
0930 hrs
Betapol – Structured Lipids For Improved Infant Formula
Dr Alfred Haandrikmann
Group R&D Director
IOI Loders Croklaan, Wormeveer, Netherlands
1000 hrs
Refreshment / Trade exhibition
1045 hrs
Delivering nutrition, health and wellness through Nestlé
Research
Dr Allan Lim
Group Manager, Food Science and Innovation Partnerships
Nestlé R&D Center Pte Ltd, Singapore
1115 hrs
Update of NSM nutrition promotion programmes
Dr Tee E Siong
1200 hrs
Lunch
Poster Viewing / Trade Exhibition
Note:
 All scientific sessions shall be in the Nirwana Ballroom 1, Lower Lobby
 Poster presentations and trade exhibitions shall be in the foyer area of Lower
Lobby
 Lunch shall be served at Nirwana Ballroom 3, Lower Lobby
 Morning and afternoon refreshment shall be served around the poster and
trade exhibition area
SYMPOSIUM 5: Nutrition Potpourri
Chairperson:
Dr Mahenderan Appukutty
Universiti Teknologi MARA
1445 hrs
S.O.S OKU: Nutrition concerns in rehabilitation centres for
disabilities
Chen Seong Ting
Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains
H
1505 hrs
Household food insecurity is associated with adverse health
outcomes among mothers in Bachok, Kelantan
Ihab Naser
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian
1525 hrs
Internet interventions for cancer-related diet and lifestyle
behaviour change: What works at the workplace?
Ang Yee Kwang
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied
Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur
1545 hrs
Association between dietary glycemic index, dietary fiber and
adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Loh Beng-In
1605 hrs
Nutritional status of Malaysian youth football players during
Ramadhan month
Nor Faizadatul Ain Ab Wahid
Sports Science Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia,
Kuala Lumpur
1625 hrs
Maternal total serum adiponectin in relation to maternal
anthropometric measurements and birth outcomes: USM
Birth Cohort Study
Marhazlina Mohamad
Prize Giving Ceremony
1645 hrs
Young Investigator’s Symposium and
Best Undergraduate Poster Prize
1700 hrs
Refreshment
2000 hrs
CONFERENCE DINNER
Venue: Windows on KL, 30th Floor
Crowne Plaza Mutiara Hotel, Kuala Lumpur
Dinner is only for pre-registered Conference participants and invited
guests
I
J
Two types of NSM Prizes are awarded under the Education Fund of the
Nutrition Society of Malaysia, according to the Bye-Laws of the Society. The
NSM Postgraduate Prize is awarded for a thesis accepted for a PhD or MSc
degree whereas the Undergraduate Prize is awarded for a thesis accepted for a
basic/first degree. Each prize comprise a cash award and a certificate, as
follows: RM1,000 for a PhD thesis, RM750 for MSc thesis and RM500 for the
undergraduate prize.
In 2012, NSM is awarding four Postgraduate Prizes, three for PhD and three for
MSc, with a total cash award of RM5,250. Eight undergraduates receive
Undergraduate Prizes with a total cash of RM4,000. The total cash award for
this year is RM9,250.
The three recipients for the PhD thesis are:
1.
Dr Lee Lai Kuan
The risk factors and effectiveness of fish oil supplementation on cognitive
function of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment
Supervisor:
Prof Dr Suzana Shahar
Co-supervisors: Prof Dr Noor Aini Mohd Yusof, Assoc Prof Dr Nor Fadhilah
Rajab, Assoc Prof Dr Chin Ai-Vyrn
University:
Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare
Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
2.
Dr Gan Wan Ying
Psychological distress as mediator between personal, lifestyle and socioenvironmental factors and disordered eating among university students
Supervisor:
Dr Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib
Co-supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Zalilah Mohd Shariff, Dr Hazizi Abu Saad
University:
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine &
Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
3.
Dr Cheah Whye Lian
Analysis of biologcal, behavioral and environmental determinants of
malnutrition: A study of malnourished children in Tumpat, Kelantan,
Malaysia
Supervisor:
Prof Dr Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda
Co-supervisors: Prof Dr Zabidi Azhar Mohd Hussin
University:
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Kubang Kerian
K
The three recipients for the MSc thesis are:
1.
Wee Bee Suan
Physical activity, waist circumference and body composition of children in
relation to metabolic syndrome indicators
Supervisor:
Prof Dr Poh Bee Koon
Co-supervisors: Prof Dr Awang Bulgiba, Assoc Prof Dr Ruzita Abd Talib
University:
2.
Suriyati Muhammad Alinafiah
Effects of Malaysian cocoa powder consumption on biochemical parameters
stratus of healthy subjects at UPM.
Supervisor:
Prof Dr Amin Ismail
Co-supervisors: Prof Dr Zarida Hambali, Assoc Prof Dr Rokiah Mohd Yusof,
Dr Hazizi Abu Saad
University:
3.
Rashidah binti Mohd Yusof
Determination of macronutrients in selected foods found in Kelantan
Supervisor:
Dr Sakinah Harith
Co-supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Shariza Abdul Razak; Nor Azmi Zainal
University:
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Kubang Kerian
The eight recipients for the undergraduate prizes are:
1.
W Nurul Ashikin W Mohamad
Quality of life of normal weight, overweight and obese primary school
children in Kuala Lumpur
Supervisor:
Assoc Prof Dr Ruzita Abd Talib
University:
2.
Chong Yuk Mey
Development of nutrient calculator for children’s food frequency
questionnaire
Supervisor:
University:
L
3.
Teh Yi Yan
Oral health status, oral health-related quality of life (QHRQOL) and
nutritional status among Chinese senior citizens aged 55 years and above
Supervisor:
Assoc Prof Dr Zaitun Yassin
University:
4.
Alimuddin bin Alias
Effects of spray dried red pitaya (Hylocereuspolrhizus) powder
supplementation on plasma glucose level and lipid profiles of
hyperglycemia induced rats
Supervisor:
Assoc Prof Dr Rokiah Mohd Yusof
University:
5.
Aina Shuhada binti Mohamad
Disordered eating, self-esteem, body weight status and physical activity
among female college students
Supervisor:
Dr Soo Kah Leng
University:
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian
6.
Lee Pooi Shan
Obesity and fast food consumption among adolescence in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan
Supervisor:
Prof Dr Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda
University:
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian
7.
Tan Min Yen
Lactose tolerance and intolerance among staff and students in Universiti
Malaysia Sabah
Supervisor:
Dr Yasmin Ooi Beng Houi
University:
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food
Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
8.
Lim Yee Ven
Association of parental feeding styles and practices with fast foods
consumption among primary school children in Gombak, Selangor
Supervisor:
Serene Tung En Hui
University:
Deparment of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of
Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur
DC
The NSM Publication Prize is aimed at encouraging and promoting local
research publications in nutrition science. Prizes are awarded by the Nutrition
Society of Malaysia with financial support from a Corporate Member of the
Society.
Five categories of NSM Publication Prize were offered in 2012. These are for
different fields of nutrition research, namely: infant and childhood nutrition;
whole grains nutrition; maternal nutrition; dairy nutrition and bone health.
Members are encouraged to apply for these Publication Prizes which are offered
in 2013. The announcements for these prizes are given in this Programme and
Abstract book.
NSM Publication Prize: Infant and Childhood Nutrition
For the Publication Prize in the field of infant and childhood nutrition, for the
years 2008-2012, these prizes are sponsored by Dutch Lady Milk Industries
Bhd. There shall be a maximum of 3 awards each year, each to carry a cash
prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM.
For the year 2012, the Selection Committee has decided to award five prizes as
all the applications were acceptable, and recognizing that not all the 3 prizes
were taken up in previous years.
The recipients are as follows:
Name of recipient:
Dr Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang
Publication:
Child feeding practices, food habits, anthropometric
indicators and cognitive performance among preschoolers
in Peninsular Malaysia
Appetite 58:525-530, 2012
Name of recipient:
Nutrition Program, School of Healthcare Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Publication:
Waist circumference percentile curves for Malaysian
children and adolescents aged 6.0-16.9 years.
Int J Pediatric Obesity 6:229-235, 2011
DD
Name of recipient:
Serene Tung En Hui
Department of Food Science and Nutrition,
Faculty of Applied Sciences,
UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur
Publication:
Familial and socioenvironmental predictors of overweight
and obesity among primary schoolers in Selangor and
Kuala Lumpur.
Mal J Nutr 17(2):151-162, 2011
Name of recipient:
Tan Sue Yee
Nutrition Program, School of Healthcare Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences
Publication:
Predicting energy requirements of paediatric patients with
disease: which methods are appropriate.
Pediatric Health 4(5):479-489, 2010
Name of recipient:
Wee Bee Suan
Faculty of Medicine and Health Science,
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu
Risk of metabolic syndrome among children living in
metropolitan Kuala Lumpur: A case control study.
BMC Public Health 11:1-7, 2011
NSM Publication Prize: Whole Grains Nutrition
For the Publication Prize in the field of Whole grains Nutrition, for the year
2012-2015, these prizes are sponsored by Kraft Foods Scientific Affairs, Regulatory
Affairs and Nutrition (SARAN) Asia Pacific. There shall be a maximum of 1 award
each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM.
For the year 2012, no applications for this Prize were received by the Council.
NSM Publication Prize: Maternal Nutrition
For the Publication Prize in the field of Maternal Nutrition, for the year 20122015, these prizes are sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd. There shall be
a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a
certificate by the NSM.
DE
For the year 2012, one application was received. The Selection Committee
accepted this application and the winner is:
Name of recipient:
Loy See Ling
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian
Publication:
Higher intake of fruits and vegetables in pregnancy is
associated with birth size.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 42(5):12141223, 2011
NSM Publication Prize: Dairy Nutrition
For the Publication Prize in the field of Dairy Nutrition, for the year 2012-2015,
these prizes are sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd. There shall be a
maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a
certificate by the NSM.
NSM Publication Prize: Bone Health and Nutrition
For the Publication Prize in the field of Bone Health and Nutrition, for the year
2012-2015, these prizes are sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd. There
shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of
RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM.
DF
PERSATUAN PEMAKANAN MALAYSIA
(NUTRITION SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA)
Applications are invited for:
NSM Publication Prize 2013: Infant and Childhood Nutrition
Members of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) are invited to apply for the NSM
Publication Prize: Infant and Childhood Nutrition.
Objective:
To encourage and promote local research publications on infant and childhood
nutrition
The Prize:
There shall be a maximum of 3 awards each year, each to carry a cash prize of
RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. For the years 2008-2013, this Prize shall be
sponsored by Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad.
Applications for the Prize:
Members of NSM are invited to submit their publications following a prescribed
procedure given below. Applications shall be considered by a Selection Committee.
The selection shall be based on a set of prescribed criteria described below.
Presentation of awards:
Prizes are to be presented during the opening ceremony of the Annual Scientific
Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia. Winners shall be invited to attend the
ceremony, at his/her own expense, to receive the prize from the Guest of Honour
officiating the opening ceremony.
Application procedure:
1. The NSM Council shall invite applications for the Publication Prize through
NutriWeb (www.nutriweb.org.my), research institutions, academia and government
departments
2. Applicants must be Malaysian citizens and Ordinary (with no outstanding
membership fees) or Life members of NSM
3. Applications must be received before 15 April 2013
4. Applicants must submit 15 copies of each published paper to be considered by the
Selection Committee and the following details:
a. Name
b. NSM membership number
c. Address of work place
d. Address for correspondence
e. Email, phone and fax
f. A note indicating intent to apply for consideration for the publication prize and
stating the number of publications submitted as well as the full details of each
publication (author(s), title of publication, journal details)
5. Provide a statement stating why the submitted publication(s) should be considered
for the Prize, pointing out, for example, significance of study and findings, its
usefulness and impact
DG
6. All applications must reach the President at the following address before the
stipulated deadline:
President
Nutrition Society of Malaysia
c/o 46, Jalan SS22/32
47400 Petaling Jaya
Selangor DE
7. For enquiries, email the President at: [email protected].
Criteria for Selection:
1. Publication(s) submitted for consideration by the Selection Committee must be in
the field of nutrition of Malaysian infant and children (up to 18 years), arising from
human intervention, epidemiology or clinical studies or critical reviews
2. The publication(s) must be in the English language, published in a peer reviewed
journal, in the year 2010 and later. There is no limit to the number of publications
submitted for consideration.
3. The applicant must be the first author of the publication(s) submitted for
consideration
4. Selection of winners shall be based on multiple criteria, including relevance to
focus area of Publication Prize, relevance to national nutrition scene, soundness of
research methodology and overall presentation of the publication
5. Criteria for selection may be amended from time to time by the NSM Council
6. Decision of the Selection Committee is final
May 2012
DH
NSM Publication Prize 2013: Maternal Nutrition
Publication Prize: Maternal Nutrition.
Objective:
To encourage and promote local research publications in the field of maternal
nutrition.
The Prize:
There shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of
sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd.
departments.
membership fees) or Life members of NSM.
3. Applications must be received before 15 April 2013.
a. Name
usefulness and impact.
DI
President
47400 Petaling Jaya
Selangor DE
the field of maternal nutrition in the Malaysian context, arising from human
intervention, epidemiology or clinical studies or critical reviews.
consideration.
research methodology and overall presentation of the publication.
5. Criteria for selection may be amended from time to time by the NSM Council.
6. Decision of the Selection Committee is final.
May 2012
DJ
NSM Publication Prize 2013: Dairy Nutrition
Publication Prize: Dairy Nutrition.
Objective:
To encourage and promote local research publications in the field of dairy nutrition.
The Prize:
NutriWeb. (www.nutriweb.org.my), research institutions, academia and
government departments
a. Name
DK
President
47400 Petaling Jaya
Selangor DE
the field of dairy nutrition in the Malaysian context, arising from human
intervention, epidemiology or clinical studies or critical reviews.
consideration.
May 2012
DL
NSM Publication Prize 2013: Bone Health & Nutrition
Publication Prize: Bone Health &Nutrition.
Objective:
To encourage and promote local research publications in the field of bone health &
nutrition.
The Prize:
departments.
a. Name
EC
President
47400 Petaling Jaya
Selangor DE
the field of bone health and nutrition in the Malaysian context, arising from
human intervention, epidemiology or clinical studies or critical reviews.
consideration.
May 2012
ED
NSM Publication Prize 2013: Human Nutrition
Publication Prize in the field of human nutrition.
Objective:
To encourage and promote local research publications in the field of human nutrition
(focus area to be announced)
The Prize:
RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. This Prize shall be sponsored by Kraft Foods
Scientific Affairs, Regulatory Affairs and Nutrition (SARAN) Asia Pacific.
departments
membership fees) or Life members of NSM
3. Applications must be received before 15 April 2013
a. Name
f.
A note indicating intent to apply for consideration for the publication prize
and stating the number of publications submitted as well as the full details of
each publication (author(s), title of publication, journal details)
usefulness and impact
EE
President
47400 Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE
7. For enquiries, email the President at: [email protected]
the focus topic in human nutrition that will be announced, arising from human
intervention, epidemiology, clinical studies or critical reviews.
consideration
10.Selection of winners shall be based on multiple criteria, including relevance to
research methodology and overall presentation of the publication
11.Criteria for selection may be amended from time to time by the NSM Council
12.Decision of the Selection Committee is final
May 2013
EF
______________________________________________________________________________
Scientific posters have been grouped into the following themes and shall
be presented for the duration of the Conference:
Day 1: Poster themes A, C and F
Day 2: Poster themes B, D, E
Poster themes:
A= nutritional status (various groups) and community interventions
B= dietary intake, consumption pattern and diseases
C= nutrients and other components in food/products
D= clinical nutrition/intervention trials
E= food science and technology
F= experimental nutrition
The best 3 posters put up by undergraduates shall be awarded cash prizes !
Poster Presentations: Day 1
Group A: Nutritional Status (various groups) and Community
Interventions
A01
Oral health status, oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and
nutritional status among institutionalized elderly aged 55 years and
above
Amirul Asyraf I, Zaitun Y and Tanti Irawati R
A02
Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis equipments with air
displacement plethysmography for the estimation of body composition
among adolescents
Ang YN, Chan KQ and Poh BK
A03
Evaluation of Non-Governmental Organizations’ (NGOs) projects on
Obesity in 2010 funded by the Health Promotion Board Malaysia
Chan CL, Ruzita Abd Talib, Ismail MN and Thavaraj S
A04
Diet quality, nutrition knowledge and nutritional status among older
adults
Chia MS and Zaitun Y
EG
A05
Adaptation and validation of physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-A)
among adolescents in Malaysia
Choo SY and Poh BK
A06
Validity and reliability of bulimia test revised (BULIT-R) among
adolescents in Bangi, Selangor
Fara Wahida R, Woon FC, Kaartina S, Hiew CC and Chin YS
A07
High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among children aged 7 to 12 years
in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Fatihah F, Ruzita AT & Poh BK
A08
Nutritional status, fast food consumption pattern and physical activity
among students from faculty of food Science & technology in University
Putra Malaysia (UPM)
Gwee YC and Satvinder Kaur
A09
Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling Malay elderly in Ulu Kinta,
Perak: The relationship between anthropometric and functional status
Haslan SM & Siti Nur’Asyura Adznam
A10
Birth weight and ferritin is associated with cognitive function among
children living in a rural area in Kelantan
Hasmiza H, Pim CD, Ng LO, Wan Manan WM and Hamid Jan JM
A11
Evaluation of Non-Governmental Organizations’ health promotion
projects in 2010 funded by the Malaysian Health Promotion Board
Heng SY, Norimah AK, Ismail MN and S. Thavaraj SS
A12
Child- and parent-proxy report of health-related quality of life among a
sample of Malaysian adolescents: reliability and validity of PedsQL 4.0.
Kaartina S, Fara Wahida R, Woon FC, Hiew CC, Chin YS, Zalilah MS,
Mohd Nasir MT
A13
Assessment of worksite physical and social environments on healthy
food choices and physical activity of blue-collar workers: Findings from
an automotive factory in Pulau Pinang
Kan MY, Ang YK and Wong WY
A14
Stages of change among overweight and obese university students in
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
Kang JS and Zuriati I
A15
Psychosocial factor and quality of life among obese adult in Perlis
Khairiah K & Rokiah MY
A16
Weight management knowledge and practices among female primary
school teachers in Ampang
Lai YQ and Shashikala S
EH
A17
Prevalence and Association of Anthropometric Measurements with
Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in Bachok, Kelantan
Laila Ruwaida MZ, Nur Firdaus I, Kah Leng S, Wan Manan WM and
Hamid Jan JM
A18
Validation of The Malaysian Cohort Physical Activity Questionnaire
(PAQ-MC) with Actical accelerometer among adults aged 35 to 65 years
Lee KY, Poh BK, Rahman J and Ismail MN
A19
Assessment of physical activity, food habits and factors affecting them in
school children through quantitative and qualitative methods
Lee PMH, Sameeha MJ & Poh BK
A20
Overweight and normal-weight early adolescents: comparison of body
image perception, dietary practice, and physical activity
Lee RJ and Chin YS
A21
The relationship between nutritional status and birth outcomes of Malay
pregnant women in a private hospital in Kuala Lumpur
Leong SJ and Norimah AK
A22
Factors associated with health-related quality of life among primary
school children in Selangor
Lim KL and Chin YS
A23
Assessment of different eating patterns, nutritional status and physical
activity among a group of public university students
Lim KZ and Satvin K
A24
Evaluation of printed nutrition educational materials for childhood
obesity intervention studies
Lim SH, Ruzita AT, Hanee F, Siti Sabariah B and Poh BK
A25
Anthropometric status and cognitive function among primary school
children in Kuala Lumpur : comparison between normal children and
children with learning disabilities
Lina Husniyah M, Roslee R and Nur Sakinah I
A26
Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of adiposity among adolescents in
Kuala Lumpur: a case-control study
Loh DA, Moy FM, Zahurin M & Nur Lisa Z
A27
Knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices about cancer among
employees in selected local banks
Loo KF, Ang YK and Shashikala S
A28
Weight management knowledge and practices among female employees
in banking industries
Mak CY, Shashikala S and Ang YK
EI
A29
Predictors of micronutrient status of reproductive age Indian women
from Ramtek, Nagpur, India
Menon KC, Skeaff SA, Thomson CD, Gray AR, Ferguson EL, Zodpey S,
Saraf A, Das PK, Toteja GS and Pandav CS
A30
Nutritional status and growth of Penan children in Long Napir and Long
Rayeh, Limbang Sarawak
Mohamad Hasnan A & Norliza J
A31
Knowledge and practice on sports nutrition among Malaysian Games
(2011) athletes
Haemamalar K, Chai WJ, Mohd Shah K, Nor Faizadatul Ain AW, Shareena
DMS, Qusyairy AA, Durrah R and George GA
A32
Identifiying the risk of malnutrition using Mini Nutritional AssessmentShort Form (MNA-SF) and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST)
among the elderly in Rumah Seri Kenangan
Muhammad Faizal M and Zuriati I
A33
Predictors of intelligence quotient (IQ) performance of primary school
children in Penang and Kedah: Nutritional status or socioeconomic
background?
Ng BK, Poh BK and Ng LO
A34
Development and assessment of a printed educational material entitled
“Guide on breastfeeding: Facts vs myths” for mothers-to-be in Kuala
Lumpur
Ngew CY and Sameeha MJ
A35
A qualitative study of cognitive development and nutrition-related issues
in Vietnamese children under three years old
Nguyen TH, Poh BK, Ng LO & Deurenberg P
A36
Quality of life (QoL) between normal and obese school children aged 10
and 11 years old in Malacca
Nik Normasitah NI, Noriza Zakaria and Ruzita Abd Talib.
A37
Factors associated with body weight status of Malay housewives in
Perkampungan Sungai Isap Jaya, Kuantan, Pahang
Noor Amelia Shahida J & Rokiah MY
A38
Involvement in residential college activities: Does it affect the nutritional
status of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia students?
Noor Farhana N, Hamizah Y and Ruzita AT
A39
Physical activity levels among healthy pregnant and gestational diabetic
women
Noor Khalijah MK, M Marhazlina, See-Ling Loy and Hamid Jan JM
EJ
A40
Pedometer-determined physical activity and its relationship with weight
status among primary school children in Sabah
Noorashikin R, Poh BK, Ong WW, Nor Aini J and Ismail MN
A41
Comparison of skinfold thickness (SKF), bioelectrical impedance analysis
(BIA) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in assessing body fat
of Malay children age 8-11 years old
Noradilah MJ, Poh BK, Nor Azmi K, Ismail MN and Deurenberg P
A42
Relationship between socio demography and nutritional status with iron
and vitamin A status among children in Kelantan and Terengganu
Norazida AB1, Nik Shanita S1, Poh Bee Koon1 and Siti Balkis B2
A43
Assessment of nutritional status and its relationship with self-reported
sleep quality among bus drivers in Selangor
Norazlinda ZA, Barakatun Nisak MY and Kulanthayan KC
A44
Construct validity and reliability of Malaysian Coping Strategy
Instrument to measure household food insecurity in two different studies
in Peninsular Malaysia
Norhasmah S, Zalilah MS, Mohd Nasir MT, Kandiah M and Asnarulkhadi
AS
A45
Stages of change for physical activity in relation with sociodemographic
factors, body weight status and physical activity level among Malaysian
men in Klang Valley
Suraya I, Norimah AK, Ng LO and Wan Zurinah WN
A46
Nutrition knowledge, physical activity, dietary intake and body weight
status among teachers in Petaling District, Selangor
Nur Huda AR and Mohd Nasir MT
A47
Body image perception, self-esteem and weight reduction behaviour
among overweight and obese adults
Nur Izzati I, Zahara BAM, Suzana S, Roslee R, Norhayati I and Noor
Hasnani I
A48
Development and evaluation of healthy eating out booklet for working
adults
Nur Nadia Z and Zahara BAM
A49
Mandatory iodine fortification in bread: Is it enough to eliminate iodine
deficiency in New Zealand?
Nurul Husna MS and Brough L
A50
The built environment, nutritional status, functional status and quality
of life of Malays elderly in Cheras Kuala Lumpur
Oh YM, Suzana S and NG TP
EK
A51
Depressive symptoms among community-dwelling Chinese elderly in
Mambang Diawan, Kampar, Perak: The relationship between physical
activity and anthropometric status
Ong ML & Siti Nur’Asyura A
A52
Malnutrition risk and its association with functional and psychosocial
status among elderly Malays in Felda Sungai Tengi, Selangor
Por CB, Suzana S and Normah CD
A53
Factors affecting anemia during pregnancy in Kulim, Kedah
Sulhariza Husni Zain, Zainal Che Mee, Sharifah Hildah Shahab , Mariam
Ahmad, Norpishah A. Razak, Noraini Omar, Azizah A. Rahman, Norlia A.
Karim, Maznah Din, Norma Jauhari, Rebecca Rayapan and Faizal Ibrahim
A54
Skeletal muscle mass, functional status and physical activity level
among the older adults aged 60 years and above
Tang SY and Zaitun Y
A55
Nutritional status of children in food basket program
Tengku Fatimatul TH and Noran H
A56
Relationship of nutritional and iron status with cognitive function among
preschoolers in Sabah, Malaysia
Thirukkanesh S, Norimah AK, Poh BK and Ng LO
A57
Physical activity levels among children: Comparison of objectivelymeasured versus self-reported questionnaire methods
Wee BS, Poh BK, Bulgiba AM, Ruzita AT and Ismail MN
A58
Validity and reliability of Home Environment Survey (HES) for Malaysian
school children: a sample from Selangor
Woon FC, Chin YS, Mohd Nasir MT, Kaartina S, Fara Wahida R, and Hiew
CC
A59
Income disparities in relation to body mass index (BMI) among Malay
government employees in Klang Valley
Yee SW, Sameeha MJ and Ismail MN
A60
Assessment of body weight status and its associated factors among
Chinese institutionalized elderly in Kuantan, Pahang
Yong KT & Siti Nur’ Asyura A
EL
Group C: Nutrients and Other Components in Food/Products
C01
Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of selected commercially
available eggplants
Chang HK and Amin I
C02
Determination of phosphorus content in selected carbonated beverages
most commonly consumed by students from the Faculty of Medicine and
Chong CN and Chan YM
C03
Proximate and mineral contents of selected underutilized seaweeds from
Peninsular Malaysia
Eng ZP and Amin I
C04
Determination of total antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid
content in Agaricus bisporous and Agaricus brasiliensis
Gan CH and Rahmat A
C05
Nutrient composition of temukut
Lai CC and Norhaizan ME
C06
Determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant activities and
inhibitory effect of phytate on the bioavailability of minerals in selected
local soy-based dishes
Lim SF and Hasnah H
C07
Glycemic index values of selected commercialized rice in Malaysia
Ngan HB, Barakatun Nisak MY, Amin Ismail, Mohd Faez bB, Jeevetha S
C08
Evaluation of fatty acids in selected supplementary oils
Nor Shahidah MY and Azrina A
C09
Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load of adolescents in Kuala
Lumpur
Norhanisah AS, Nik Shanita S and Norimah AK
C10
Determination of caffeine content in local commercial instant herbal and
non-herbal coffee and tea beverages
Nur Zalika Z and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA
C11
Determination of cadmium, lead and zinc in local commercial instant
herbal and non-herbal tea beverages
Nurul Huda AA and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA
C12
Weight loss intervention among risk of overweight, overweight and obese
staff in health department of Kedah
Rohida SH, Latifah AR, Sharipah Salbiah SH, Juliani Faridza A, Wan
Mohd Nurussabah AK, Zuwariah AT, Faisal I, Khairul AA, Norazlina MN,
Nur Wahidda A,Intan Hartini AB, Tan YN, and Zaiton D
FC
C13
Determination of vitamin E, total polar compound and free fatty acid in
reused cooking oil among hawkers at night market
Rosnani N and Sokhini AM
C14
Determination of sodium in selected local unhealthy snacks
Saw SM and Amin I
C15
Amount and types of sugar content of selected homemade beverages
according to types of restaurants in rural and urban area in Klang Valley
Sharifah Azizah TN, Nik Shanita S & Hasnah H
C16
Proximate and total phenolic contents in Nypa fruticans
Sum PC and Azrina A
C17
Comparison of antioxidant component and capacity in different parts of
nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
Tan KP and Azrina A
C18
Maternal nutritional status and pregnancy symptoms among healthy
and gestational diabetic women
Teow YL, Loy SL, Marhazlina M and Hamid Jan JM
C19
Comparison antioxidant content and activity between varieties of Pomelo
(Citrus grandis (L) osbeck)
Toh JJ & Azrina A
C20
Determination of macronutrients and isoflavones contents in soy based
local dishes
Yeak ZW and Hasnah H
FD
Group F: Animal and Experimental Nutrition
F01
Anti-diabetic potentials of lycopene and red palm oil in male rats
Asmah Rahmat, Hanieh Jafari, Mansooreh Sadat Mojani, Morteza Ebadi,
Huzwah Khazaai
F02
Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on total antioxidant status
and full blood count in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats
Ng HM, Nurul Amira B & Asmah R
F03
A study on the toxicity of Rhaphidophora decursiva (roxb.) extract on rats
Syakirin K, Norhaizan ME and Siti Suriani A
F04
Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on plasma glucose level and
body weight of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats
Tan SF, Nurul Amira B and Asmah R
FE
Group B: Dietary Intake, Consumption Pattern and
Association with Diseases
B01
Gender differences in the eating habit of medical students
Ahmad Syazwan Bin Samsuddin, Narimah Abdul Hamid Hasani, Mariam
Mohamad, Mohammed Nasimul Islam & Jesmine Khan
B02
Disordered eating, self-esteem, body weight status and physical activity
Aina Shuhada M and Soo KL
B03
Effect of maternal food choices and pregnancy symptoms on birth sizes
Ainor FA, Loy SL, Marhazlina M and Hamid Jan JM
B04
Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practices on osteoporosis
prevention among urban and rural women in Selangor
Anis Farhana AH and Chan YM
B05
Development of food atlas for babies and toddlers aged 6 to 36 months
old
Awina FAA and Zahara BAM
B06
A study on dietary pattern and nutritional status among pregnant
women enrolled in private medical centre in Bangi and Kajang
Azizah MH, Nurul Husna M, Siti Asmah M, Syiikhah AR and Rahim MN
B07
The application of linear programming in developing healthy, palatable
and affordable diet for low income teenagers
C Nur Azira Liyana CR, Roslee R, Nurul Hamizah AH and Siti Masitah E
B08
Factors influencing appetite among elderly Malays in FELDA, Malaysia
Chan PP, Suzana S and Normah CD
B09
Do individuals with fixed orthodontic treatment change their dietary
intake?
Chuah XY, Zahara BAM, Asma AAA and Nurul AY
B10
Biopsychosocial factors of disordered eating among early adolescents in
Selangor
Foong SM and Chin YS
B11
Validation of Healthy Eating Index (HEI) For Malaysian Adults
Goh HW and Norimah AK
FF
B12
School nutritional habit and IQ scores among primary school children in
Baghdad City, Iraq
Hasanain Faisal Ghazi, Zaleha Md. Isa, Syed AlJunid & Azmi Mohd.
Tamil
B13
Relationship between socio-demographic status and diet quality among
adults in Kuala Lumpur
Hidayah NI, Norimah AK, Ismail MN
B14
Soft drink consumption, dietary practices, and body weight status
among children aged 9 to 11 years
Hiew WC and Chin YS
B15
Food expenditure and diet diversity score are predictors of household
food insecurity in low income households in rural district of Kelantan
Malaysia
AN Ihab, AJ Rohana, WM Wan Manan, WN Wan Suriati, MS Zalilah and
AM Rusli
B16
Dietary intake and depressive symptoms among Malay elderly in Kinta
district, Perak
Irni MS & Siti Nur’Asyura A
B17
Association of dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy
expenditure of female university students in relation to their dieting
practices
Misra S and Kerk YL
B18
Habitual sodium intake and blood pressure among Malay adults in
Kuala Lumpur
Khairun Nisa Z and Norimah AK
B19
Body image perception, physical activity level, body weight status and
eating behaviours among female adolescents in Petaling District,
Selangor
Khoo YC and Mohd Nasir MT
B20
Daily breakfast consumption among adolescents and its associated
factors
Law LS, Mohd Nasir MT and Hazizi AS
B21
Obesity and fast food consumption among adolescence in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan
Lee PS and Wan Abdul Manan WM
B22
Body image perception, dietary practices, physical activity and body
weight status of adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor
Lee PS & Mohd Nasir MT
FG
B23
Effect of nutrition education on reducing the intake of sugar sweetened
beverages among primary school Malay students in Kuala Lumpur
Lin EY, Norimah AK and Ismail MN
B24
Exploring the relationship between added sugars intake and weight
status among children in Kuala Lumpur
Low SX, Nik Shanita S and Norimah AK
B25
Child feeding practices in malnourished children - Does it different with
well-nourished children?
Maizatul Azlina CD and Zahara AM
B26
Association between body mass index, dietary calcium intake and level of
physical activity with bone health status among elderly
Ng CS and Zaitun Y
B27
Assessing food intake pattern among adults in Bertam, Kepala Batas
Norjana I, Yusfizahani MY, Nazirah GM, Nurdiana ZA, Nur Syafawati S,
Norhiman A, Hazwani AY, Lesley N, Kavitha CS, Ahmad Munir CM, and
Rabindarjeet S
B28
Breakfast Habits, Attention-Concentration and Academic Achievement
among Primary School Year 5 in Sepang, Selangor
Nur Ain R & Rokiah MY
B29
Survey of use, attitude and knowledge of herbal products among staff in
Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Nur-Nadzirah A and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA
B30
Construction of healthy and palatable diet for low socioeconomic adult
women using Linear Programming
Nurul Hamizah AH, Roslee R, Che Nur Azira Liyana CR and Siti Masitah E
B31
The factors associated with the poor appetite among elderly at Rumah
Seri Kenangan
Nurul Huda A and Zuriati I
B32
Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010: Understanding of key words
and five key messages among Indian adults in Kuala Lumpur
Nurul Idayu M and Norimah AK
B33
Whole grain consumption patterns among adults in Klang Valley
Nurulasyikin M & Norimah AK
B34
Dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy expenditure of
male university students in relation with their dieting practices
Misra S and Ong SW
B35
Knowledge and attitude on breastfeeding among pregnant women in
rural area of Sarawak
Razali M, Nylen K and Chan YS
FH
B36
Validation of food frequency questionnaire of selected local soy products
and isoflavones intake with three days food record
Sh. Nur Aisyah SMS and Hasnah H
B37
Hydration status for squash: how much do the national athletes sweat?
Shareena Delaila MS and Chai WJ
B38
Factors associated with dietary calcium intake among adolescents aged
13-14 years in Seri Kembangan, Selangor
Sim EV & Rokiah MY
B39
Dietary restraint, body shape perception and body mass index (BMI)
Siti Dinie Syazwani A and Soo KL
B40
The influence of food choice motives and nutrition information on the
purchase of meal among students and staffs at Universiti Putra Malaysia
Siti Nadiah A and Rosita Jamaluddin
B41
Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of caterers in providing healthy
meals in cafeterias of a public university in Kuala Lumpur
Suhaili Suboh and Moy Foong Ming
B42
Ready-to-eat–breakfast cereal consumption among children in Kuala
Lumpur
Suriyani MY and Ruzita Abd Talib
B43
Knowledge, attitude and practices, perception and preference of food and
beverages among primary school students in Sepang, Selangor
Suzaimahanim O & Rosita Jamaluddin
B44
Factors associated with vegetable preference and intake among
preschool children in Melaka
Syafiqah M & Rosita Jamaluddin
B45
Body image perception, body weight status, physical activity level and
eating behavior among male adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor
Syazwani R and Mohd Nasir MT
B46
Factors associated with food preference in relation to habitual food
consumption among primary school children (aged 9 to 11 years old) in
Puchong
Tan HC & Rosita Jamaluddin
B47
Development and validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency
questionnaire for estimating intake of long-chain omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids
Tan KL and Suhaina S
FI
B48
Comparison of dietary intakes between type 2 diabetic patients with and
without cardiovascular disease
Tan MC, Chan YM, Ng OC, Hejar AR, Wong TW, Mirnalini K, Joseph A and
Rushdan AA
B49
The knowledge of Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010 and attitude
among medical officers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Tan SW and Wan Abdul Manan WM
B50
Development and validation of FatCheck calculator: A tool to assess
intake of total fat and fatty acids
Tan YL, Suhaina S and Baharudin O
B51
The characteristics of related psychosocial factors across individual’s
readiness to increase fruit and vegetable intake
Wong CY, Zalilah MS, Mirnalini K and Mohd Nasir MT
B52
Determination of weight status and dietary patterns of housewives in
Kota Bharu
Wong ST and S. Daniel Robert
B53
Nutritional status and food habits of preschool-aged children in Sabah
Yumbod AC and Poh BK
Group D: Clinical Nutrition/Intervention trials
D01
Body composition and physical activity: comparison between
gynaecological and colorectal cancer survivors
Arsyurahmah AR, Suhaina S, Nor Aini J, Biswa MB, Zabedah O, Mohd
Zaid MG and Poh BK
D02
A case study of sahur meal on hormonal and glucose response of 10km
time trial at different time of the day during Ramadhan fasting
Goh KW, Albert Tan YW, Ang BS and Rabindarjeet S
D03
Evaluation of lifestyle status and obesity among coronary artery disease
patients in Iran
Haleh E, Rokiah MY and Haziz AS
D04
Prevalence of malnutrition and parameters predicting nutritional status
in end stage renal disease patients in Malaysia
Harvinder K, Chee WSS, Goh CY, Lau LT, Sharmela S, Tilakavati K,
Leonard J, Sunita B, Ghazali A and Goh BL
D05
High fat diet induced changes of intestinal tight junction proteins
Jesmine Khan and Mohammed Nasimul Islam
FJ
D06
Are Kuala Lumpur adults consuming high glycemic index (GI) diet?
Khor KM, Nik Shanita S and Ruzita AT
D07
Soy product and isoflavone intakes among chronic lung disease patients
Koh PJ and Hasnah H
D08
Effect of caffeine on oxygen consumption and rating of perceived exertion
during moderate intensity exercise among sedentary young female adults
Lee SM, Poh BK, Ismail MN and Shamsuddin, AF
D09
Nutritional status and health-related quality of life among hemodialysis
patients in Kota Bharu
Lim HJ and Chan YM
D10
Nutritional Status and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among
hemodialysis patients in Petaling Jaya and Puchong
Loo PJ and Zuriati I
D11
Healthy eating practices improve quality of life among breast cancer
survivors
Mohammadi S, Suhaina S, Poh BK and Amani R
D12
Rice consumption pattern (amount and type) in relation to glycemic
control among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Nain Farahin MT, Barakatun Nisak MY and Nor Azmi K
D13
Use of red palm oil in local snacks to increase the intake of provitamin A
carotenoids in young aborigine children: A Malaysian experience
Low CX, Kong JP, Cho YL and Ng TKW
D14
Acute effects of trans free palm margarine, interesterified palm olein and
interesterified fully hydrogenated soybean oil blend on lipid profile and
insulin sensitivity of healthy volunteers
Ng YT, Norhaizan ME and Voon PT
D15
Factors associated with binge eating behavior among individuals with
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical
Centre
Nor Safwanah S, Barakatun Nisak MY and Nor Azmi K
D16
Associations of lifestyle factors, nutritional status, and lipid profiles with
homocysteine: a novel risk marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Norshafawati AA, Rosita J and Norhaizan ME
D17
Impact of a nutrition education intervention program on weight loss in
abdominally obese adolescents
Nourian M, Zaitun Y, Mohd Nasir MT and Kelishadi R
D18
Association between anthropometric measurement and hand grip
strength among hospitalized elderly in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
Syamimi Ahmad and Sakinah Harith
FK
D19
Effects of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density in Chinese
premenopausal women in Malaysia: preliminary findings
Tee YYS, Zaitun Y, Norhaizan ME & Chan YM
D20
Understanding body composition, physical activity level and quality of
life of cancer survivors
Wong KH, Suhaina S, Fuad I, Zabedah O and Ismarulyusda I
Group E: Food Science and Technology
E01
Comparison of the effect of boiling, deep-frying and grilling on the
content of phosphorus and protein in chicken (Gallus Domesticus)
Chong YL and Chan YM
E02
Total vitamin E in relation to levels of oil absorbed and total polar
compound in oil following repeated short-deep frying
Kho SZ and Mohd Sokhini AM
E03
The ability of Zea mays ear in enhancing nutritional composition and
changing textural and sensory properties of bread
Lim JY and Wan Rosli WI
E04
Quality of cooking oil among food hawkers in night market of Bangi
Lim SY & Sokhini AM
E05
Vegetable oil enhances unsaturation ratio of fatty acid compositions in
sausages added with grey oyster mushroom
Muhammad Rausyan AR and Wan Rosli WI
E06
Frying stability of virgin coconut oil blended with sunflower oil
Naaman TJU and Marina AM
E07
Evaluation of Zea mays L. extract as antioxidant during deep fat frying of
virgin coconut oil
Neoh SL, Marina AM and Wan Rosli WI
E08
Effect of cornsilk (Maydis stigma) in yeast bread: evaluation on
nutritional, textural and sensory properties
Ng SH and Wan Rosli WI
E09
Partial replacement of chicken meat with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus
sajor-caju) powder in sausage: the effect on nutritional composition,
dietary fiber and β-glucan content
Nor Maihiza Akmal MS and Wan Rosli WI
E10
Sensory evaluation of jangat (cow’s skin)
Umi Kalsum HZ, H Mohamed S, Dayana MN, Mohd Firdaus S
FL
Name of exhibitor
Table number (s)
13
Healthy Kids Programme
Try Masak Sihat
Ajinomoto (M) Bhd
12
BENEO Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
Cereal Partners (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Cotra Enterprises Sdn Bhd
GTG Wellness Sdn Bhd
1&2
18
14 & 15
7&8
9
IOI Loders Croklaan Oils Sdn Bhd
3&4
Nestle Products Sdn Bhd
16 & 17
Philips Malaysia Sdn Bhd
6
Summit Co (M) Sdn Bhd
5
Unilever (M) Services Sdn Bhd
10
Yakult (M) Sdn Bhd
11
Placement of advertisements in this Souvenir Programme and display of
products and services in the trade exhibition do not necessarily imply
endorsement of these products and services by the Nutrition Society of
Malaysia
GC
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Day 1
KEYNOTE LECTURE
Role of nutrition in management and prevention of chronic
disease: Opportunities and challenges
Prof Dr Jeya Henry
Director, Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science
Singapore, and Director, Functional Food Centre ,Oxford
There has been a dramatic increase in our understanding of how major chronic diseases
such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer are associated with
diet. The science of nutrition is the confluence of two major interests in our society-food
and health. Growing demand for products that help reduce the risk of developing chronic
diseases are sometimes known as ‘functional foods’. Acquisition of food by our ancestors
was by hunting and gathering a broad range of wild plants and animals. Huntergatherers consumed a wide and varied number of plant species that made up their diet.
Today, we depend on 3 major staples rice, wheat and corn
for the manufacture of
almost 3000 different foods. The food technologist of today is the modern day alchemist
able to transform cereals into numerous food products with varying nutritional &
organo-leptic properties. Using a range of examples, the presentation will explore how
food and nutrition has changed over the millennium and how nutrition can be used to
minimise the risk of developing Obesity, diabetes and CVD.
The conventional view that consuming complex carbohydrates compared to simple
sugars has a less pronounced increase in blood glucose was challenged by Jenkins and
Wolever in 1981. Since that time, the concept of glycaemic index (GI) has attracted
interest both from a commercial and academic perspective. Several natural and derived
food ingredients have been shown to alter glycaemic response. The development of
starch-based foods characterised by a low GI presents interesting technical and
production challenges. In many developing countries, under nutrition has been
superseded by over nutrition, and chronic disease. This presentation will highlight the
newly emerging field of nutrition and how it may be effectively used to reduce the
growing risk of chronic disease.
Jenkins, D.J.A and Wolever, T.M.S. (1981) Slow release carbohydrate in the treatment of
diabetes. Proceedings of the nutrition society 40, 227-235.
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Day 1
Symposium 1: Nutrition Interventions
A good practice approach to treatment of childhood obesity
Sharifah Wajihah Wafa SSTW1, Ruzita AT3, Nur Hana H3, Roslee R3, Ng LO3,
Ayiesah R3 and Reilly JJ2
1 University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; 2 Physical Activity for Health, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland; 3 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
The aim of this research was to determine whether the ‘MASCOT’ (Malaysian Childhood
Obesity Treatment Trial) weight management programme reduced BMI z-score relative to
no treatment among obese children. The MASCOT study was a single blinded
randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 107 obese children (54 boys, 53 girls;
BMI>95th percentile for age relative to CDC reference) aged between 7 and 11 years who
were randomly assigned to a MASCOT programme (intervention) or no treatment
(control). The MASCOT comprising eight sessions, of an 8-hour family centred group
treatment programme, based on behavioural change techniques, covering topics on
nutrition, physical activity and sedentary as well as parenting skills. All information was
directed to parents, the main agent of change in which they were responsible for
initiating and maintaining healthy lifestyle changes with their families. BMI z-score,
weight, objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour by accelerometry,
and quality of life (QoL, using the Peds QL) were recorded as outcome measures at
baseline and at 6 months. Analysis of the primary outcome found no significant group
difference at the six month time point for BMI z-score (intervention: 0.0 (0.7) vs control:
0.1 (0.5), p=0.79). There were significant differences between the groups in favour of the
intervention group in weight changes (intervention: 1.7(2.5) vs control: 3.5(2.0), p<0.001)
and total parent score for HRQoL (intervention: 4.2(15.5) vs control -3.8(19.3), p<0.05).
The MASCOT weight management programme had modest benefits for BMI z-score, for
objectively measured physical activity and for QoL. The present study was the first RCT
of a childhood obesity treatment programme in Malaysia. The study findings suggest that
future interventions should be longer term and more intense.
Nutrition intervention among Malaysian elderly: Success,
Challenges and Future Directions
Suzana Shahar
Dietetic Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja
Muda A. Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur
Prevention and intervention to improve nutritional, health and function have
traditionally focused on children and younger adults. However, many researchers have
started to focus their interest and attention on older adults due to the demographic
change and the growing recognition of a specific nutritional need of the elderly.
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question that arises frequently is whether nutrition interventions made at a later age can
improve health status and quality of life and reduce health care expenditure. Most of
nutrition interventions among Malaysian elderly were successful in improving
knowledge, health and functions, however, the challenges remain in imparting
sustainable positive behavioral changes. Among successful study components including
a focus intervention, reinforcing and personalizing messages; providing hands-on
activities, incentive and access to health professionals and successful duration and
sensitive outcome measures. In order to achieve behavior change among the elderly, an
intervention program needs to be expanded to change or modify not only individual
behaviors but also the environment in which members of the population live. Policy
research is also needed to make a greater impact on public health. In conclusion, age did
not appear to be a limiting factor in increasing one’s knowledge, as seen from positive
knowledge gain and health benerfits of several of the interventions. There is a need to
emphirically measure the effectiveness of regular nutrition programme in order to further
improve the elderly health. There is also a need to develope a sustainable nutrition
intervention programme and increase the capacity for policy research.
Development and evaluation of nutrition education package
for primary school children – the Healthy Kids Programme
Malaysia
Tee ES, Norimah AK, Zawiah H and Chin YS
Experts Panel, Healthy Kids Programme Malaysia, Nutrition Society of Malaysia
The Healthy Kids Programme (HKP),Malaysia was launched in August 2010 with the aim
to improve nutrition knowledge and promote healthy lifestyle among school-going
children in the country. The HKP is a collaborative education programme between the
Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) and Nestle Malaysia. It has two main components:
the awareness component to reach out to masses; and the research component – a
longitudinal (3-years - 2011-2013) intervention study to develop, implement and evaluate
the effectiveness of nutrition education modules appropriate for primary school children.
The ultimate goal at the end of the 3-year project is to develop an interactive nutrition
education module that the Ministry of Education can utilise for implementation in all
schools in the country.
In 2011, the awareness component focused on building and improving the dedicated
HKP website (www.healthykids.org.my) that was launched at the end of 2010. More
interactive games for children were added to make the learning process more fun and
engaging. Articles and recipes were also added to make the website relevant and
interesting for the parents. Some of the articles were also made available in
BahasaMalaysia. With these new features and improvements, more efforts in promoting
the website needs to be done in 2012 to further increase the number of hits and to reach
out more effectively to more parents and children.
The research component, the “Evaluation of Nutrition Education Package for Primary
School Children” started in 2011. A total of 207 children from 6 schools in the Klang
Valley were selected to be the intervention group and 179 children from another 6
schools as control group. Before starting the intervention or educational sessions, a
survey on the children’s nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) was carried
early in the year to determine the level of their KAP at the beginning of the research
(baseline). The children’s body mass index (BMI) was also measured to determine their
nutritional status.
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After the baseline survey, the intervention group received 6 educational sessions
throughout year 1. The 6 educational modules focused on basic healthy eating principles
and getting the children to be more active daily. The modules were conducted in an
interactive manner so as to engage the children for more effective learning. Immediate
impact surveys on the children’s knowledge were also conducted before and after each
educational session to determine effectiveness of each module and to measure the
increase of knowledge. Besides in-class educational sessions, the students were given a
set of worksheets and goal cards to bring home to practice what they have learned.
Leaflets for parents were also given to the students to pass on the messages to their
parents. After all the 6 intervention sessions, a post-intervention survey (using the same
set of questionnaire used at the beginning of the year) was conducted among the 2
groups to determine their nutrition KAP level at the end of the year.
Encouraging results were obtained based on the findings of the KAP survey (both at the
beginning and at the end of the year) as it showed that the mean score increase in the
children’s nutrition knowledge (from 55.6±12.87 at the beginning of the year (baseline) to
62.3±10.24 at the end of the year), attitude (from 81.0±13.26 at the baselineto
81.3±14.90 at the end of the year) and practices (from 72.6±8.93 at the baseline to
78.8±9.46 at the end of the year). The result also showed significant differences between
the beginning and end-of-the-year data within the intervention group (paired t-test) for
nutrition knowledge and nutrition practice (p<0.01). The findings of the immediate
impact survey (that was conducted before and after each module) were positive too as
there was an increase in the mean score for all 6 topics. This shows that the children in
the intervention group learned from each educational session.
More significantly, the intervention group also showed improvements for some selected
practices, with a decline in the percentage of children purchasing food such as nasi
lemak and nuggets while the percentage of children drinking plain water and consuming
bread and cereals increased.
Year 2 (2012) of the intervention “educational” sessions have commenced at the
beginning of the year and will focus more in depth in nutrition, learning about food
groups and its functions as well as getting the children to be more active in sports.
Effects of a probiotic cultured milk on functional constipation
in adults
Mazlyn MM1, Fatimah A1, Nagarajah L2, Norimah AK3 and Goh KL4
1Department
of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine & Health, International Medical University; 2Centre for Graduate Studies, Open
University Malaysia; 3School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia; 4Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
Studies have shown that probiotics L. casei Shirota (LcS) improves constipation and
softens hard stools. However, well-designed studies on its effects on functional
constipation and in non-Japanese Asian populations are lacking. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the effectiveness of cultured milk with LcS in adults with functional
constipation in a randomized, placebo-controlled manner under double-blind condition.
One hundred free-living subjects in Klang Valley diagnosed with functional constipation
(Rome II criteria) were randomised to intake cultured milk containing LcS (at least 3.0 x
1010 colony forming units) or placebo nutrient drink without LcS once a day for four
weeks, after a run-in observation period of two weeks and followed by a one-week postintervention observation period. Subjects were required to maintain their usual diet and
lifestyle throughout the study period. Primary outcomes were constipation severity score
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(utilizing the Chinese Constipation Questionnaire or CCQ) and frequency of defecation;
secondary outcomes were stool consistency and stool quantity estimations. Trend of
improvement in the CCQ severity score was observed with probiotics intake, but did not
reach statistical significance with four weeks intervention (P=0.058). Significant
improvement was observed in the severity of feeling of incomplete defecation (P<0.01 at
Week 4), one of the six components of the CCQ severity score. A non-significant trend of
improvement in stool consistency was observed with probiotics intake. However, the
magnitude of the effect on stool consistency was statistically significant in favour of
probiotics with d=0.19, 95% CI [0.00, 0.35] and d=0.29, 95% CI [0.11, 0.52] at Week 4
and at post-intervention, respectively. The findings indicate that cultured milk
containing LcS may improve the severity of constipation and soften hard stools, however,
a longer intervention period of 6 to 8 weeks is necessary to obtain conclusive results.
Zinc and genomic stability
Sharif R1,2,3, Thomas P1, Zalewski P2 and Fenech M1
1CSIRO
Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, Australia; 2School of Medicine, University
of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; 3Program Pemakanan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
An increased intake of Zinc (Zn) may reduce the risk of degenerative diseases but may be
toxic if taken in excess. This study aimed to investigate whether taking daily
supplements containing 20mg of Zn carnosine can improve Zn status, genome stability
events and Zn transporter genes in an elderly South Australian cohort characterised by
having low plasma Zn levels. 208 volunteers were screened for low plasma Zn levels (≤
10.5 µM) and 90 were selected and randomized into two groups. A 12 week placebocontrolled intervention trial was performed with only 84 volunteers completing the study,
(Placebo, n=42) and (Zn group, n=42). Fasted blood was collected at baseline and at the
end of the 12 week intervention. In the placebo group, plasma Zn showed a significant
drop after 12 weeks from 0.907 ± 0.099 mg/L (13.76 ± 1.51 µM) to 0.861 ± 0.080 mg/L
(13.15 ± 1.22 µM). Plasma Zn was significantly increased by 5.69% in the Zn
supplemented group after 12 weeks raising plasma zinc levels from 0.926 ± 0.096 mg/L
(14.16 ± 1.46 µM) to 0.972 ± 0.135 mg/L (14.86 ± 2.06 µM). FRAP and eSOD were
increased in the Zn supplemented group while TBAR and Carnosine levels were
unaffected by the improved Zn status. A significant decrease in the micronucleus
frequency (24.18%) was observed for the Zinc supplemented cohort relative to baseline
compared to the placebo group which also recorded a small increase of the micronucleus
frequency with 1.77%. There were no significant changes in the frequency of
nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds for both groups. Comet assay results showed a
significant effect of time and treatment of Zn supplementation for both tail moment and
tail intensity (p<0.05). The reductions of -7.09% for tail moment and -8.76% for tail
intensity were observed for Zn group (relative to baseline). Telomere length and global
DNA methylation did not show any significant changes following Both MT1A and ZIP1
expression showed a significant increase in the Zn supplemented group compared to
Placebo group (p<0.05). Zn supplementation may prove to have a beneficial effect in an
elderly population with low Zn levels by improving Zn status; antioxidant profile and
lowering DNA damage events (micronuclei, tail moment and tail intensity) as well as
increasing the expression of Zn transporter genes. Hence, more investigation on Zn
supplementation and genome stability in elderly people with low Zn should be performed
in future.
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Symposium 2: Maternal and Child Nutrition
Maternal DNA damage in pregnancy and its effect on newborn
birth size
Loy SL1, Marhazlina M1, Sirajudeen KNS2, Nor Fadilah R3 and Hamid Jan JM1
1Nutrition
Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia; 2Department of
Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia; 3Department of
Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
The level of DNA damage has been suggested to impact maternal nutritional status and
fetal development. The aim of this prospective observational study was to determine the
effect of maternal DNA damage on newborn birth size. Women aged 19-40 years old were
investigated at mid- (15-22 weeks of gestation) and late (32-39 weeks of gestation)
pregnancy from April 2010 to September 2011 in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic of
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Kubang Kerian Health Clinic. Blood samples and
maternal anthropometric measurements were taken at each time period of the study.
Newborns birth sizes were measured within five days after delivery. DNA damage in
lymphocytes was evaluated by Comet assay. The relationships between DNA damage and
birth size (birth weight, body length, ponderal index, ratio of head circumference-toweight, abdominal and mid-upper arm circumferences) were examined by a general
linear model. The levels of DNA damage were categorized into low and high groups at the
75th percentile values. Women were divided into four groups according to their DNA
damage categories and compared across the birth sizes using Kruskal-Wallis test. The
levels of DNA damage at mid- and late pregnancy were significantly related to birth size
after adjusting for confounders, including maternal age, height, relative weight gain,
prepregnancy body mass index, gestational age, neonatal sex, fruit and vegetable intake
and total antioxidant status. In addition, birth size was the lowest among women with
continuously having high DNA damage at mid- and late pregnancy. These findings
support the notion that maternal DNA damage has an adverse effect on infant growth.
Factors associated with cognitive ability among 12 to 13 yearold adolescents from selected urban schools in Gombak,
Selangor
Nurliyana AR1, Mohd Nasir MT1, Rohani A2 and Zalilah MS1
1Department
of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor; 2 Department of Human Development and
Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor.
This cross-sectional study determined factors that are associated with cognitive ability
among adolescents aged 12 to 13 years (M=12.4, SD=0.5) in the urban area of Gombak,
Selangor (N=416; m=161, f=255). Socio-demographic background including parents’
education level and monthly household income was obtained from parents through a
short questionnaire. A questionnaire on meal consumption, personality, eating attitude,
physical activity, sleep duration and pubertal development was administered in class.
Height and weight were measured and BMI-for-age was determined. Cognitive ability was
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assessed using Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV) in a one-to-one manner. A
majority of the adolescents’ fathers attained tertiary education (50.0%), while a majority
of their mothers attained secondary education (47.2%). About 38.7% of the adolescents
skipped breakfast, 34.4% skipped lunch and 31.2% skipped dinner at least once in a
week. For personality, the mean score for neuroticism (M=2.9, SD=0.6) was low, while the
mean scores for conscientiousness (M=3.2, SD=0.5), extraversion (M=3.3, SD=0.5),
openness to experience (M=3.4, SD=0.5) and agreeableness (M=3.5, SD=0.5) were
moderate. It was found that 20.5% of the adolescents were at risk for disordered eating.
Scores for physical activity was generally low (M=2.4, SD=0.6), and the mean sleeping
duration was 528.8 minutes (SD=90.7). Most boys were in the mid-pubertal development
(37.0%), while most girls were in the late pubertal development (70.9%). The prevalence
of overweight and obesity were 20.4% and 15.1% respectively. The mean cognitive scores
was 101.8 (SD=12.4). Monthly household income (r=0.235, p<0.001), openness to
experience (r=0.212, p<0.001), physical activity (r=0.097, p<0.05) and sleep duration (r=0.104, p<0.05) were associated with cognitive ability. Adolescents whose fathers had
tertiary education (F=8.500, p<0.001) not skipping dinner (MD=-5.464, SE=1.282,
p<0.001) and rarely snacked (MD=-3.973, SE=1.456, p<0.01) scored better on the
cognitive tests. Father’s education level, monthly household income, openness to
experience and consumption of dinner explained 14.2% of the variances in cognitive
ability (F=15.055, p<0.001).
Level of physical activity among paediatric patients with
acute leukaemia undergoing active chemotherapy
Tan SY1, Chong HX1, Poh BK1 & Mohd Ismail MN2
1Nutrition
Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, UniSZA, Kuala Terengganu
The aim of this study was to determine the level of physical activity among paediatric
patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous
leukaemia (AML) undergoing chemotherapy and compare their physical activity with
healthy children. A total of 53 paediatric patients, aged 3 to 12 years old, from the
Pediatric Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) and the Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) participated in this study. Patients were undergoing
induction or consolidation chemotherapy treatments as in-patients. Healthy children
matched for gender, age (6 months) and ethnicity were recruited as controls. Weight,
height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference
(MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness were determined. Physical activity was assessed
using Actical accelerometer (Mini Mitter Company, Inc.) for a total of 5 days, but data
was only analyzed from 3-day activity (2 weekdays and 1 weekend). Mean total activity
counts were significantly higher in younger patients (p<0.05) and patients in
consolidation phase (p<0.01). Younger patients and patients in consolidation also spent
significantly less time daily on sedentary activities compared to the older patients (1,241
± 145 min vs. 1,320 ± 114 min) (p<0.05) and patients in induction (1,233 ± 123 min vs.
1,301 ± 140 min) (p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the level of
physical activity when comparisons were done between sex or weekdays and weekend
(p>0.05). Patients were significantly less active compared to healthy controls (p<0.001)
and they also spent significantly (p<0.001) less bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical
activity (MVPA) daily (1.50 ± 5.95) compared to their healthy counterparts (37.38 ±
40.36). On average, patients spent about 88% (1,265 ± 145 min) of their daily time
engaged in sedentary-to-light physical activity (SLPA) such as sleeping, lying down or
watching television, compared to healthy children (915 ± 106 min). This data showed
that physical activity in paediatric patients with acute leukaemia is evidently reduced
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and may impose detrimental effects on their long-term health. Therefore, appropriate
exercise interventions are necessary within the clinical setting as physical activity is an
essential element of child development.
Correlation between knowledge and consumption of
commonly advertised food among schoolchildren
Zalma AR, Safiah MY, Ajau D and Khairil Anuar MI
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara
The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between consumption of
commonly advertised food with knowledge on television food advertising, and knowledge
on and preference for healthier food among schoolchildren. A validated questionnaire
was administered to 32 (34.4% male, 65.5% female) year-5 schoolchildren in Shah Alam.
The mean time the children spent watching television was 127.2  82.2 min/day. The
mean score for knowledge on television food advertising, and knowledge on and
preference for healthier food was 4.0  1.6, 7.7 + 2.3 and 5.0  2.0 respectively. Lower
proportion of children had adequate knowledge on television food advertising (score > 4)
compared to low knowledge (score < 4) (34.4% vs 65.6%), and higher preference for
healthier food (score > 5) compared to lower preference (score < 5) (37.5% vs 62.5%).
However, more children had adequate knowledge on healthier food (score > 7.7)
compared to low knowledge (score < 7.7) (65.6% vs 34.4%). In terms of consumption of
commonly advertised food, biscuits were the most frequently eaten with 65.6% ate
biscuits at least once a day, followed by breakfast cereals (59.4%), snack foods (43.8%)
and fast foods (40.6%). Carbonated drinks were the least frequently eaten with 53.1%
drank carbonated drinks only once or twice a month and 12.5% never drink. Significant
inverse correlation was found between knowledge on television food advertising and
consumption of fast foods (r=-0.37*, p=0.04), and preference for healthier food and
consumption of snack foods (r=-0.36*, p=0.04) and fast foods (r=-0.48**, p=0.005).
However, there was no significant correlation found between knowledge on healthier food
and consumption of all the studied food. This study showed that knowledge on television
food advertising correlates with consumption of certain food that are commonly
advertised on television. Therefore, an intervention which educates children on television
food advertising is potential to reduce the children’s consumption of unhealthy food.
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Symposium 3: Young Investigators Symposium
Agreement between quantitative ultrasound (QUS) with dual
energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) techniques in measuring
bone health status among Malay children
Chong KH1, Poh BK1, Nor Aini J1, Nor Azmi K2 and Kanaga KC3
1School
of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia; 2Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, UKMMC; 3School of Diagnostic &
Applied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Recent studies have proposed the QUS technique as a cheaper and safer alternative
compared to DXA, the gold standard in measuring bone health status. However, studies
on the validity and accuracy of QUS technique among children are very limited especially
in Malaysia. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the level of agreement between
QUS and DXA techniques in measuring bone health status among children in Kuala
Lumpur. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part
of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports
the results from 134 healthy Malays (68 boys and 66 girls) aged 7 to 11 years without
any history of bone fracture. Bone health status were evaluated using Sunlight
Omnisense 8000P Bone Densitometer (Sunlight Medical, USA) at one-third distal radius
of non-dominant hand, which measures the Speed of Sound (SOS) through bone tissue;
and DXA (Hologic, USA), which measures the whole body bone mineral density (BMD).
Repeatability of QUS was assessed by performing SOS measurements twice in a row at
the premarked location. The mean SOS and BMD values for boys (3698 ± 76 m/s; 0.766
± 0.01 g/cm2) were not significantly different from girls (3695 ± 81 m/s; 0.751 ± 0.06
g/cm2). Repeatability tests revealed good results for QUS (r=0.98, p<0.001; Kappa
value=0.91; p<0.001). Significant correlation was found between SOS measures and
BMD (r=0.206, p<0.05). The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis showed
that area under the curve (AUC) for SOS was 94% for the identification of subjects with
low BMD (Z-Score of -2 or less). At a cut off value of Z-Score of -1.0, QUS could identify
correctly 80% (sensitivity) of those who had low BMD and 93% (specificity) of those who
had high BMD as determined by DXA. However, the agreement of QUS with DXA at this
cut off point was fair (Kappa value = 0.37, p<0.05). Our findings indicated that QUS had
good repeatability and it was as capable as DXA in detecting children with low bone
mineral. We conclude that QUS may be an alternative screening tool for the study of
bone mass in children, especially in rural areas or in developing countries where
resources are limited. Further studies conducted on a large scale may be warranted to
evaluate the usefulness and applicability of QUS in other ethnic populations.
Postprandial effect of trans free palm margarine,
interesterified palm olein, and interesterified fully
hydrogenated soybean oil blend on insulin sensitivity and
inflammatory markers in human volunteers.
Ong ZY1, Sokhini AM1, Voon PT2
1Department
of Nutrition and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia; 2Food Technology and Nutrition Unit, Malaysia Palm Oil Board
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Industrial margarine production involved partially hydrogenation process which results
in the formation of trans fatty acid (TFA). TFA had been shown to significantly increase
the risk of cardiovascular disease and may have possible health effects on diabetes
mellitus and obesity. The possible TFA replacers are palm oil or fully hydrogenated oils.
A randomize, single blind experimental study was designed to compare the effects of
natural fat and modified fat on insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers in human
volunteers. Ten male (age: 22±1, BMI: 20.88±1.64) and ten female (age: 23±1, BMI:
19.60±1.35) were fed muffins incorporated with trans free palm margarine (TFPM),
interesterified palm olein (IEPOo), and interesterified fully hydrogenated soybean oil
blend [IE(FHSBO: SBO)]. The weights of test fats that incorporated into the muffins were
53.14g, 49.24g, and 45.52g respectively. Volunteers received test diets in a random order
with one week washout period in between. Postprandial bloods were drawn at time point
0minutes, 30minutes, 60minutes, 90minutes, 120minutes, and 240minutes on each
day. In general, TFPM had no significant different with IEPOo and IE(FHSBO: SBO) in
response to glucose (p=0.180), insulin(p=0.084), and C-peptide(p=0.088). However,
significant different in glucose level was observed at time point of 90 minutes between
natural and modified fat [IEPOo, p< 0.001; IE(FHSBO: SBO): p< 0.01]. Modified or
interesterified fat may altered glucose metabolism and resulted in rise of postprandial
glucose level compared to natural fat. On the other hand, there were no significant
different observed in inflammatory markers which were interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) between these three test diets (IL6: p=0.238, TNF-α: p=0.631).
As a conclusion, natural fat and modified fat had similar response in relation to insulin
sensitivity and inflammatory markers. However, further study is warranted before
interesterified fat can be introduced in replacing TFA in the diet.
Relationship between dietary pattern and body mass index
among primary school children
Sharifah Nur Umairah TY & Safiah MY
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara
Childhood obesity had been growing at an alarming rate and it is a common nutritional
problem among children in developed as well as in developing countries. Overweight and
obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. The
objective of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary pattern and body
mass index among primary school children. This is cross-sectional study conducted in a
primary school in Kuala Selangor. Subjects were 204 children aged from seven to ten
years old. A food frequency questionnaire developed for 7-10 years old children of
another country and adopted for Malaysia was used to assess their dietary pattern.
Children were shown pictures 24 types of commonly eaten local foods and popular foods
for children. They were asked to indicate how often these foods were eaten for breakfast,
lunch or dinner in a week. They were also asked about frequency of taking breakfast,
lunch or dinner in a week. Weights and height were measured to determine body mass
index. 28.9% of the children were overweight and 12.7% obese. 55.1% of the children
skipped breakfast. The foods were categorised into healthy and unhealthy. A higher
percentage of the children (50.3%) were taking a healthy diet compared to unhealthy
diet. Among those who were taking a healthy diet 31.0% had normal BMI and 19.3%
were overweight and obese. Among those who were taking unhealthy diet 23.5% had
normal BMI and 25.2% were overweight and obese. There was a significantly higher
prevalence of overweight and obesity among children who were eating unhealthy diet
(X²statistics=3.905, p-value=0.048). Eating habits of school children should be closely
monitored to halt the escalation of overweight and obesity in this country.
II
Parental perception of child’s weight status among preschool
children in St. Theresa Kindergarten, Kuala Terengganu
Tan HG and Serene TEH
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University
The objective of this study is to determine parent’s perception on their child’s weight
status as compared to their child’s actual weight status among preschool children aged 5
to 6 in St Theresa Kindergarten, Kuala Terengganu. A cross-sectional study was carried
out among the parents of preschool children. The questionnaire given to parents consists
of 4 sections which comprise of socio-demographic information, perceptions of child’s
weight status, perceptions of child’s body image and concern of child being overweight.
The questionnaire was obtained from Child Feeding Questionnaire and child’s body
image figures were obtained from Collins’ (1991) stimuli for children. Child’s weight and
height were measured and BMI was calculated after parents completed the
questionnaire. There were 114 parents with child aged 5-6 years. The prevalence of
underweight in St. Theresa Kindergarten was 29.2%; normal 43.4% and overweight
27.4%. Parent’s perception of child’s weight status was compared with child’s actual
weight status to obtain the numbers of parents who misclassified their child’s weight.
Results show that 49.1% of the parents in the sample misclassified their child’s weight
status. Children’s weight status was different from their parents’ perceptions of their
weight status (7.5% underweight, 86.8% normal and 5.7% overweight). Results also
show that child’s age (p= 0.009), parent’s education level (p= 0.004) and child’s weight
status (p<0.05) was found to have association with the accuracy of parents’ perception
on child’s weight status. Child’s gender, ethnicity, household income and parent’s weight
status was not significantly associated with the accuracy of parent’s perception. Results
from this study indicate that a large proportion of parents misclassified their child’s
weight status. Government could combat childhood weight problem by tailoring
educational interventions for parents to have an accurate weight perception which helps
to increase parents’ awareness of their child’s weight status.
Effects of chemotherapy on nutritional status of pediatric and
adolescent cancer patients in Hospital Universiti Sains
Malaysia
Won SY1 and Sakinah H2
1Nutrition
Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang
Kerian, Kelantan; 2Dietetic Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
Cancer in children and adolescent has become not only a major health problem in
Malaysia yet in Kelantan as well. Most of the patient undergone chemotherapy to
maintain their health condition from time to time yet little was focused on the nutritional
status of the patients. This study will look into the association between total side effects
of chemotherapy and nutritional status of the cancer patients. Nutritional assessment
was done which includes weight, height, body mass index (BMI), 24 hours dietary recall
and socio demographic factors. A questionnaire was being interviewed to the caregiver of
the patients who age ranges from 3 to 19 years old. Side effects of the chemotherapy
which was the nutritional risk factors were asked through the questionnaire. Around 44
patients who comprised 27 pediatrics (19 males, 8 females) and 17 adolescents (10
IJ
males, 7 females) were involved in the study. A total of 34 patients (77.3%) had
undergone chemotherapy. The mean age of the patients was 8.45 ± 4.5 years, the mean
of BMI was 14.75 ± 2.94 kg/m2 and the mean of total calories was 1021.26 ± 452.91
kcal/day. Total side effects of chemotherapy was shown to be negatively associated with
total calories using Pearson Correlation (r= -0.372, p<0.05). Association between total
side effects of chemotherapy with protein and carbohydrate were also shown negative
correlation (r=-0.316, p<0.05) and (r=-0.379, p<0.05) respectively. In conclusion, there is
a need to actively implement nutritional intervention to improve their quality of life as
well as increasing their survival rate.
IK
Day 2
Symposium 4:
Promoting Nutritional Wellbeing
The role of functional carbohydrates in weight management
and healthy lifestyle
Dr Antje Jungclaus
Manager Nutrition Communication, BENEO GmbH / BENEO Institute,
Gottlieb-Daimler Str. 12, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
Nowadays weight management has become more and more a question of avoiding excess
energy intake with the aim to maintain a healthy body weight. Managing weight has
thereby far more aspects than energy balance and calorie counting. Energy intake is
determined by the amount and composition of the food and its nutrient availability to the
body, but also by complex regulatory mechanisms involving hormones related to hunger
and satiety and to the overall energy balance. Moreover, the availability of carbohydrate
and fat after a meal determines their fate in energy utilization and storage. The role of
carbohydrates in this has long been underestimated. How small changes in the diet can
have significant effects on body weight regulation and moderate weight loss shall be
illustrated in this presentation along two examples:
PalatinoseTM (generic name: isomaltulose) is a novel disaccharide-type carbohydrate
which is unique in that – as result of its slower intestinal release – it provides
carbohydrate energy in a more balanced way over longer time. The lower blood glucose
and insulin levels lead to a more beneficial metabolic profile and a higher fat utilization
in energy metabolism. Related findings suggest that using PalatinoseTM instead of
traditional high glycemic sugars in a diet results in less visceral fat accumulation and
improved body weight regulation.
Inulin-type fructans from chicory are well established prebiotic fibres that can
specifically influence energy intake. Inulin and oligofructose are not digested and
absorbed, and thus provide less calories to the body. Apart from the energy value itself,
however, studies with oligofructose and oligfructose-enriched inulin show that both
ingredients contribute to helping healthy adults and adolescents lower their daily energy
intake, which may be explained by an effect on appetite regulation
Betapol – Structured lipids for improved infant formula
Dr Alfred Haandrikmann
Group R&D Director, IOI Loders Croklaan, Wormeveer, Netherlands
The most important source of energy and nutrient for an infant’s growth is from the fat it
consumes. The fat not only provides energy for growth; it also provides structural
IL
building blocks, and can have many other biological functions. For feeding of healthy
infants, breastfeeding is considered the optimal mode. Consequently, the most natural
fat is definitely the human milk fat (HMF) @ mother’s milk. One of the features that
makes HMF special is the naturally high content of palmitic acid in the second position
of the triglyceride which is about 70-75%.
Compared to the traditional vegetable blends used in infant formula the amount of
palmitic acid in the second position of the triglyceride is about 10-17%, thus the
functionality aspect has been found lacking. Taking this into consideration, Loders
Croklaan developed a structured fat with the functionality aspects in mind and it is now
used by infant formula manufactures to correct this lacking and provide infant formulas
which mimics the mother’s milk performance.
Betapol - “BETA POL” means “Oil with Palmitic acid in second position”. Betapol mimics
HMF in that it contains most of its palmitic acid in the second position. Betapol is
produced through enzymatic rearrangements of palm oil and it’s fractions. This process
was patented by Loders Croklaan and as of today is now part of the IOI group. The
efficacy of Betapol has been proven through clinical studies conducted over a period of
more than 15 years.
Clinical studies have shown that compared to traditional formulas, infant formulas
containing Betapol provides:i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Improved fat absorption
Improved calcium absorption
Reduced constipation
Increases bone mineral density and content
Since 1995, Betapol has been used in infant formulas in Europe and its usage gain
momentum in 2000 onwards. Today Betapol is used in vegetable blends for infant
formulas around the world.
Delivering nutrition, health and wellness through Nestlé
Research
Dr Allan Lim
Group Manager, Food Science and Innovation Partnerships
Nestlé R&D Center Pte Ltd, 29 Quality Road Singapore 618802
Nestlé Research is a powerhouse of science-driven, consumer-centric, business-aligned
innovation. Structurally sound, intellectually strong and with a wealth of creative talent,
all to support Nestlé’s leadership in Nutrition, Health and Wellness. With 30 research,
development and technology facilities worldwide, Nestlé has the largest R&D network of
any food company. In recent years, this R&D capability has been further enhanced
through Innovation Partnerships at each stage of the product development process –
from early stage collaborations with start up and biotech companies to late stage
partnerships with its key suppliers. By bringing together all of its global R&D resources,
Nestlé is able to provide high quality, safe food solutions for consumers worldwide –
whether this is in terms of nutrition, health, wellness, taste, texture or convenience.
Nestlé’s first R&D company in Asia was set up in Singapore 30 years ago, with the
mission of deploying cutting-edge food technology for Asian food products. Today, this
R&D center is an integral part of Nestlé’s R&D network and plays a pivotal role in
delivering nutrition, health and wellness to consumers in Singapore and countries in the
JC
Asia Pacific region through innovative products. The case studies presented in this paper
will demonstrate how consumer insight, quality, safety and sustainability are integrated
into the process of innovation.
Update of NSM nutrition promotion programmes
Dr Tee E Siong
One of the main objectives of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) is to promote
healthy eating and active living amongst all Malaysians. We are guided by a simple belief
– the more people understand food and nutrition, the better they can care for their
health and well-being. Empowering the people with appropriate nutrition knowledge is
the long-term solution to preventing of diet-related diseases.
Over the years, NSM has implemented numerous educational programmes for the
community. These include out-reach programmes to the communities through a series of
hugely popular nutrition roadshows; specific seminars and forum; TV and radio shows;
numerous educational articles published in newspapers and magazines; a variety of
leaflets, booklets and books for various target groups. These educational programmes are
continuing and several of them are in collaboration with other professional organisations
as well as the private sector.
This presentation highlights the main projects that have been implemented by NSM in
the last 2 years.
Recognizing the interest of the public for actual examples of recipes for healthier ways to
prepare meals, the NSM published yet another recipe book, after the two previous
volumes of Healthy Recipes, Wise Choice. The Nutritionist’s Choice Cookbook, Volume 1,
published in March 2011, is a practical book on recipes for young children. Plans are
being made to publish volume 2 of this Cookbook, focusing on recipes for older children,
adolescents and adults. Also in relation to healthy recipes, NSM launched a Try Masak
Sihat programme. This is to reach out to the public on healthier cooking methods using
new media approaches. Also in the area of healthier food choices, NSM shall be
launching a promotion programme to encourage the consumption of wholegrain foods. A
booklet on whole grains explaining the healthful effects shall be published.
Several nutrition promotion programmes for infants and children were implemented.
This includes a Happy Healthy Mealtimes campaign targeted towards toddlers. The
Mother’s Smart Choice programme is a 3-year programme focused on promoting
breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding, and healthy meals for toddlers. The
Healthy Kids Programme includes a nutrition awareness component as well as a
research component, developing and evaluating the effectiveness of nutrition education
modules for primary school children. The NSM is also a partner to the Positive Parenting
Programme implemented by the Malaysian Pediatrics Association.
Focus is also being given to mothers and woman of reproductive age. The MI-Care
programme, initiated in 2011, focuses on care of the pregnant and lactating women.
NSM also published a booklet on healthy eating for these women.
Nutrition Month Malaysia (NMM), a collaborative programme amongst three professional
bodies, namely NSM, the Malaysian Dietitian’s Association (MDA) and the Malaysian
Association for the Study of Obesity (MASO) continued to be implemented in 2011. This
JD
nationwide programme to increase awareness of Malaysians towards importance of
appropriate nutrition celebrated its 10th anniversary in April this year.
The Nutrition Society of Malaysia will continue to conduct intervention programmes to
empower the people with the knowledge of healthy eating and active living. We will
continue to advocate nutrition for health and wellness. We will strive to complement the
government’s vision of a healthier nation, and healthier Malaysians.
Symposium 5: Nutrition Potpourri
S.O.S OKU: Nutrition concerns in rehabilitation centres for
disabilities
Chen Seong Ting1, Soo Kah Leng2 & Sakinah Harith1
1Dietetics
Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia; 2Nutrition
Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
With the advancement of healthcare system in Malaysia, challenges in disability should
also be given equal public concerns and attentions like other health issues in order to
produce an overall healthy nation. Multidisciplinary and further trans-disciplinary
approach including nutrition is important as the disabled people are susceptible to
malnutrition. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of malnutrition
among intellectual disabled adults in community-based rehabilitation centres in
Kelantan, Malaysia and to compare the nutritional status between intellectual disabled
adults accompanied with Down’s syndrome (DS) and non-DS disabled adults. A crosssectional study was conducted among 166 respondents (59 with DS and 107 without
DS), aged 19 to 29 years, who attended to the centres. Anthropometric parameters of
body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were
measured. The parents or caregivers served as proxy for socio-demographic information
and 24-hour dietary recall of the disabled. The survey demonstrated the overall
prevalence of underweight based on WHO BMI classification was 23.5%; overweight and
obese were 14.5% and 21.1% respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that
adults with DS had higher BMI, WC and energy intake than non-DS group after adjusted
for age and gender (p<0.05). DS adults were more vulnerable to overweight and obesity;
and having abnormal WC than non-DS disabled adults (p<0.05). Mean energy intake of
overweight and obese Down’s syndrome men and women were 2636±442 kcal (108% of
RNI) and 2399±608 kcal (120% of RNI) respectively. Disease-specific nutrition
intervention is recommended as the disabled individual is unique; thus, strategies
targeted to them should be appropriate and social-cultural sensitive that involve mutual
contribution and cooperation from the individual, family, community and the healthcare
team.
JE
Household food insecurity is associated with adverse health
outcomes among mothers in Bachok, Kelantan
Ihab AN1, Rohana AJ1, Wan Manan WM2, N Wan Suriati WN2 and Mohamed Rusli
A1
1Department
of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan; 2Program of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences,
Universiti Sains of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.
The objective of this study is to examine the association between food insecurity,
mother's nutritional and health status in rural sample in Bachok-Kelantan. A crosssectional survey of low income households was conducted and 223 households of
mothers aged 18-55 years old, non-lactating, non pregnant mother and having at least
one child in 2-12 years range were purposively selected. A questionnaire was
administered including the Radimer/Cornell scale; items on socio-demographic
characteristics, anthropometric measurements and quality of life tool (SF36). The results
reported that 16.1% of the households were food secure, while 83.9% experienced some
kind of food insecurity, (29.6% households were food insecure, 19.3% individuals were
food insecure and 35.0% fell into the child hunger category). Based on multinomial
logistic regression, larger household size (OR=1.776; C.I. 1.358, 2.323; p< 0.001),
number of children in the household (OR=1.207; C.I. 1.025, 1.42; p< 0.001) and total
monthly income (OR=0.997; C.I. 0.995, 0.998 p< 0.001) were found to be significant risk
factors for household food insecurity. Although, the study reported higher prevalence of
overweight and obese mothers (52%) and (47.1%) at-risk WC (≥ 80 cm), no significant
association has been found between food insecurity, BMI and waist circumferences. All
the eight domains of quality of life were negatively associated with food insecurity status.
The results of this study highlighted the pervasive vulnerability of individuals living in
food insecure households. In addition to nutritional complications, these households
struggle with a broad spectrum of health problems.
Internet interventions for cancer-related diet and lifestyle
behaviour change: What works at the workplace?
Ang YK1, Kandiah M1, Zalilah MS2, Chan YM2 and Hazizi AS2
1Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University;
Putra Malaysia.
2Department
Cancer has emerged as a major cause of death in developing countries including
Malaysia. There is now compelling evidence that cancer is largely a preventable disease.
Recent epidemiological studies suggest that management of nutrition and lifestyle risk
factors such as dietary fat, intake of fruits and vegetables, smoking habit, alcohol
consumption and physical activity, could have an important contribution in cancer
prevention. The internet is increasingly being used as a platform for the delivery of health
information. This paper aims firstly to review selected internet interventions that have
targeted worksite populations and secondly to showcase a worksite intervention carried
out at a Malaysian Public University. Diet and lifestyle interventions can be categorized
into three different levels. Level I worksite intervention focuses only on increasing cancer
awareness that includes knowledge and psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy,
perceived cancer threat, perceived benefits and barriers. Examples of communication
strategies used in level 1 are flyers, posters, newsletter, special events etc. Level II
interventions are designed to help employees make behaviour changes such as eating
JF
more fruits and vegetables and less saturated fat, be physically active, and quit smoking
and avoid alcohol. It involves setting goals, developing skills needed to change
behaviours, providing support for change and evaluating progress. Internet applications
such as website and email are examples of communication strategies at the workplace.
Level III intervention works toward creating environments that support behaviour
changes through workplace policy changes and are grounded in health behaviour
theories. A 10-week email-linked website intervention in a Malaysian university showed a
significant positive change (p<0.05) in cancer prevention knowledge, and psychosocial
factors related to diet and physical activity. Specifically, significant increases in the
intervention group were observed in serving size for fruit and vegetable, total physical
activity and walking. The use of the internet and its applications as a means to educate
employees at the worksite on cancer prevention should be maximized as it is increasingly
accessible to them.
Association between dietary glycemic index, dietary
fiber and adiponectin levels in patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus
Beng-In Loh, S. Daniel Robert, Hamid Jan JM
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Low adiponectin plasma levels are good biomarker of insulin resistance and the
development of type 2 diabetes. However, limited studies have evaluated dietary
predictors of plasma adiponectin levels, especially among subjects with Type 2 diabetes
in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of dietary
glycemic index and dietary fiber with plasma adiponectin concentrations in individuals
with type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 305 diabetic individuals
aged 19-75 years from the Outpatient Department, Penang General Hospital. Socio
demographic information was collected using a standard questionnaire while IPAQ was
used to assess physical activity. Anthropometry measurement includes weight, height,
waist circumference and body fat composition. Serum adiponectin concentrations were
measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Dietary details were determined by using a
validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Data was analyzed using
multiple linear regression. After multivariate adjustment, dietary glycemic index was
inversely associated with plasma adiponectin (β =-0.325, 95% CI -0.299, -0.128; P
<0.001). In contrast, high intake of dietary fiber was positively associated with increased
plasma adiponectin levels, adjusting for lifestyle factors (β =0.350, 95% CI 0.101, 0.433;
P =0.002). Twenty six percent (26.3%) of the variation in adiponectin concentrations is
explained by age, gender, race, physical activity, smoking, magnesium, dietary fiber and
dietary glycemic index according to the multiple linear regression model (R2 =0. 263).
Within the R square value, fifteen percent (15.3%) of the variation is explained by
glycemic index and fiber (R2 =0. 153). This study concluded that diets high in fiber and
low in glycemic index may increase plasma adiponectin concentrations in diabetic
patients.
JG
Nutritional status of Malaysian youth football players during
Ramadhan month
Nor Faizadatul Ain Ab Wahid1, Noor Faezah Abdul Jalil1, Siti Musyrifah Ismail1,
Albert Tan Ti Wey1, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed2, Ang Boon Suen2 and
Rabindarjeet Singh2
1Sports
Science Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
The study aimed to determine the effect of fasting on body composition, hydration status
and food intake of Malaysian youth football players during Ramadhan month. Twenty
male football players (age 17 – 19 years old) participated in this study. This study
involved three phases which were pre-Ramadhan (PreR), second week of Ramadhan
(Week2R) and forth week of Ramadhan (Week4R). Body composition was determined in
each phase using skinfold method and bioelectrical impedance analysis (Inbody 230).
Urine was collected twice on the day of testing (morning and evening) and the hydration
status of athletes was determined using Urine Specific Gravity (USG) analysis. Food
intake was assessed using 24hours diet recall and was interviewed by nutritionists
involved in the study. A one way ANOVA was used to test the significance between each
phase. There was no significant differences before and during Ramadhan in body weight
(p=0.881), BMI (p=0.811) and sum of seven skinfolds (p=0.816). There was also no
significant differences insubcutaneous fat at seven skinfold sites (triceps, subscapular,
biceps, supraspinale, abdominal, mid thigh and medial calf) and circumferences at five
sites (arm relax, arm flexed, waist, hip and calf). For hydration status, there wasno
significant differences in themorning USG value (p=0.065) and evening USG value
(p=0.800) between each phase. There also no significance differences between morning
and evening USG values duringPreR (p=0.736) and Week2R (p=0.100). However, there
was significant differences during morning and evening USG values at Week4R
(p=0.001). Even though there were significant differences, their USG value showed that
at each phase they were hydrated or minimally hydrated. Their food intake also showed
no significant differences when compared to each phase (p=0.091). They managed to
maintain their caloric intake despite having two main meals during Ramadhan month.
This study showed that fasting during Ramadhan month does not affect body
composition, hydration status and energy intake in Malaysian youth football players.
Maternal total serum adiponectin in relation to maternal
anthropometric measurements and birth outcomes: USM Birth
Cohort Study
Marhazlina M1, Loy SL1, Nik Mohamed Zaki NM2, Wang Y3 and Hamid Jan JM1
1Nutrition
Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia; 2Obstetric and
Gynecology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia;
3Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Hong Kong
There is growing evidence showing that maternal serum adiponectin is associated with
maternal adiposity and subsequently influencing fetal growth thus leading to the
development of obesity in later life. Hence, this study aimed to examine the association of
maternal total serum adiponectin with maternal anthropometric measurements and
birth outcomes. A total of 189 Malay pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years old, who were
at their first trimester were randomly recruited from April 2010 to May 2011 in Antenatal
JH
Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia to participate in this ongoing prospective
cohort study. Fasting blood samples were drawn at the first trimester of pregnancy and
the determination of total serum adiponectin were performed using enzyme-linked
immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Maternal anthropometric measurements were taken twice at
their first and third trimester and infant anthropometric measurements were taken at
birth. Results showed the maternal total serum adiponectin ranges between 0.371µg/mL
and 7.524µg/mL. Multivariate regression analyses showed that total serum adiponectin
were negatively associated with maternal neck circumference (β=-0.047, p<0.05) and mid
thigh circumference (β =-0.007, p<0.05) at first trimester, and triceps (β =-0.010, p<0.05)
and neck circumference (β =-0.038, p<0.05) at third trimester. Maternal total adiponectin
was also a significant predictor of birth weight (β =-0.376, p<0.05). As a conclusion,
these results highlight that the maternal total adiponectin may influence maternal
adiposity during pregnancy and modulate fetal growth.
JI
Group A: Nutritional Status (various groups) and Community
Interventions
A01 Oral health status, oral health related quality of life
(OHRQoL) and nutritional status among institutionalized
elderly aged 55 years and above
Amirul Asyraf I1, Zaitun Y1 and Tanti Irawati R2
1Department
Putra Malaysia, Serdang; 2Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala
Lumpur
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between oral health status,
oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and nutritional status among
institutionalized elderly aged 55 years and above in Rumah Seri Kenangan Cheras and
Seremban. Information on socio-demographic background and lifestyle practices were
obtained through face-to-face interview. Weight, height, calf circumference (CC) and midupper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured using appropriate instruments and
standard procedures. Three-day dietary intake was assessed through 24-hour dietary
recall and OHRQoL was determined using the Malaysian short version of Oral Health
Impact Profile [S-OHIP(M)]. Total score of S-OHIP(M) was calculated and the higher the
total score of S-OHIP(M), the poorer the perception of OHRQoL. Total number of
remaining teeth and total occluding pairs of occluding teeth (POP) were examined by a
qualified dentist. The score for total decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was
computed. A total of 71 elderly with a mean age of 68.35±7.81 years were recruited. Half
of the elderly (53.6%) smoked and few of them (5.6%) consumed alcohol. The mean body
weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were 56.44±11.61 kg, 155.10±9.42 cm and
23.46±4.37 kg/m² respectively. A total of 33.9% of the elderly were categorized as
overweight and obese (≥25 kg/m²). The mean for CC and MUAC were 32.32±3.66 cm and
27.55±3.75 cm respectively. The mean total number of remaining teeth was 8.59±9.77
whereas the mean total POP was 0.99±2.09. The total score of S-OHIP(M) was
8.04±11.85. Pearson correlation showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) between BMI
with total number of remaining teeth (r=0.237) and total score of S-OHIP(M) (r=0.266).
There was no significant correlation (p>0.05) between oral health status (total of
remaining teeth, total POP and total DMFT) with nutrient intake (calorie, carbohydrate,
protein, calcium, dietary fiber, vitamin A and Vitamin C). There was also no significant
correlation between oral health status with total score of S-OHIP(M). Poor oral health
status and OHRQoL will have an undesirable impact on the nutritional status of the
elderly. Therefore, it is important to promote healthy oral health habits throughout life to
ensure optimal oral health and related quality of life among older adults.
A02 Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis
equipments with air displacement plethysmography for the
estimation of body composition among adolescents
Ang YN1, Chan KQ2 and Poh BK1
JJ
1Nutritional
Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2Department of Sports and
Exercise Science, School of Arts and Science, Tunku Abdul Rahman College, Kuala Lumpur
With the rising trend of obesity among adolescents, it is important that their body
composition to be determined accurately. The aim of this study was to validate
bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) techniques for the measurement of body
composition among adolescents against air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as the
reference method. A total of 126 Malay subjects (50 boys and 76 girls) aged 12 to 18
years from Kuala Lumpur took part in this study. Body composition was determined by
BIA using Bodystat®Quadscan 4000, BioScan 916 and Inbody 230; and by ADP
technique using Bod Pod. Mean body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were
54.7 ± 17.1 kg, 159.2 ± 8.4 cm and 21.4 ± 5.7 kg/m2, respectively. Mean body fat
percentage from Bod Pod GS was 25.5 ± 10.8 %. Bodystat®Quadscan 4000 (25.5 ± 9.3 %)
had the best agreement with Bod Pod GS. Bodystat®Quadscan 4000 (-0.1 ± 4.8 %,
p=0.988) and Inbody 230 (0.7 ± 6.6 %, p=0.233) were found to have no significant
difference of mean body fat from Bod Pod GS but BioScan 916 with Bod Pod GS (1.5 ±
5.1 %) showed significant difference (p<0.05). BIA techniques underestimated body fat
percentage and fat mass but overestimated fat free mass (FFM). The highest correlation
for body fat percentage with Bod Pod GS was Bodystat®Quadscan 4000 (r=0.896,
p<0.01), followed by BioScan 916 (r=0.882, p<0.01) and Inbody 230 (r=0.843, p<0.01).
Bland-Altman plots showed good agreements between all techniques with Bod Pod GS
but Bodystat®Quadscan 4000 was the best. In conclusion, among all the BIA techniques,
Bodystat®Quadscan 4000 showed the best agreement with Bod Pod GS in measuring the
body composition of adolescents. Hence, validated Bodystat®Quadscan 4000 is a good
alternative for estimating the body fat of adolescents in Malaysia.
A03 Evaluation of Non-Governmental Organizations’ (NGOs)
projects on Obesity in 2010 funded by the Health Promotion
Board Malaysia
Chan CL1, Ruzita Abd Talib1, Ismail MN2, Thavaraj S3
1School
of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia;
of Medicine & Health Sciences, UniSZA; 3Malaysian Health Promotion Board
2Faculty
Prevalence of obesity in Malaysia has been steadily rising over the last two decades and
efforts towards curbing this problem is becoming increasingly necessary. The main
objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity projects
conducted by the NGOs funded by the Malaysian Health Promotion Board (MHPB). In
this study, the secondary data from the final reports of 22 obesity projects were analyzed
to evaluate its effectiveness. All the information in the final report was transferred into
the formative evaluation forms prepared by MHPB. The effectiveness of obesity projects
was determined through the level of achievement of health literacy by using 21 indicators
validated data extraction tool based on the RE-AIM Model. Projects which achieved 15 to
21 marks are considered to be of high quality, 8 to 14 marks are considered to be of
moderate quality and 0 to 7 marks are categorized as low quality. Using the Cohen’s
Kappa test to assess the inter-rater reliability towards 21 indicators validated data
extraction tool based on the RE-AIM Model, it was found that there was very high level of
inter-rater agreement (K = 0.868). From the 22 obesity projects studied, none was
considered to be of high quality, 21 projects were found to have a moderate quality and 1
project was found to be of low quality. There was no significant difference on the
JK
percentage achievement of health literacy between different duration of project
undertaken (p > 0.05). Based on the health screening of 1982 project participants, 333
(16.8%) are overweight and 354 (17.9%) are obese. In conclusion, although majority of
the projects were successfully carried out by the NGOs. A follow-up study is needed to
monitor lifestyles change which may eventually lead to reduction in the prevalence of
obesity in the community where the projects were executed.
A04 Diet quality, nutrition knowledge and nutritional status
among older adults
Chia MS and Zaitun Y
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Serdang.
The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between diet quality,
nutrition knowledge and nutritional status among older adults in Pangkor Island, Perak.
A total of 147 Chinese older adults (72 males and 75 females) whose age ranged from 55
to 80 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected via door-todoor survey. Information on socio-demographic background and nutrition knowledge
were collected through face-to-face interview. Dietary intakes were assessed using 24hour dietary recall and converted into a modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI).
Anthropometric variables were measured using appropriate instruments and standard
procedures. The mean daily energy intake of the respondents was 1192±379 Kcal. The
percentage of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat were 41.73%, 22.75% and
36.18% respectively. The mean total HEI score was 53.44±7.75. The respondents scored
high in the components of cereals and grains, fish, sodium and variety, but scored low in
the components of milk and dairy products, legumes and fruits. A majority of the
respondents (66.7%) who scored between 51 and 80 had diet that needs improvement,
and about one-third (33.3%) of them who scored less than 51 were categorized as having
a poor diet. Based on the HEI score, none of the respondent was considered having a
good diet. The mean total nutrition knowledge score was 17.43±6.21, out of possible
maximum achievable score of 39. For nutritional status, 25.2% and 2.0% of the
respondents were categorized as overweight and obese, respectively. According to the
MUAC classification, 0.7% of the respondents were categorized as malnourished or with
muscle wasting. It is important to improve the diet quality and nutrition knowledge
among older adults. Appropriate intervention and strategies to promote health and
provide nutrition information to older adults should be considered including identifying
barriers that put older adults at risk for nutritional problems.
A05 Adaptation and validation of physical activity
questionnaire (PAQ-A) among adolescents in Malaysia
Choo SY and Poh BK
Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Physical activity questionnaires are the most commonly used tool to measure physical
activity especially in epidemiological studies, and obtaining good accuracy with this
method is a challenge. The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the PAQ-A among
Malaysian adolescents aged 13 to 17 years old by assessing reliability, concurrent
validity, sensitivity and specificity of PAQ-A. This questionnaire consisted of eleven
JL
questions, focussing on physical activities in school, after school and during leisure time,
as well as sedentary activities. We translated and back-translated the PAQ-A into Bahasa
Malaysia. Reliability was evaluated among 129 secondary school adolescents (mean age
14.4 ± 1.1 years old, mean BMI 18.6 ± 2.0 kgm-2) who completed the questionnaires by
recalling their physical activities for the past seven days, on two separate
administrations conducted seven days apart. Validity was determined in a sub-sample of
45 adolescents, who were required to wear an Actical accelerometer during waking hours
for seven consecutive days. The seven-day Actical data was used as criterion. Reliability
test for PAQ-A showed significant correlation between the first and the second
administration for total activity scores (r=0.795, p<0.001); moderate and vigorous
activities (MVPA) (r=0.785, p<0.001); and sedentary activities (r=0.802, p<0.001). No
significant differences in the total activity scores, time spent for MVPA and sedentary
activities were found between the first and second administrations. Bland-Altman
analysis revealed that mean time for MVPA and sedentary activities fell between ±2SD
lines, indicating agreement between the two administrations. The overall reliability of
PAQ-A was good (Cronbach’s alpha=0.886). For validation, PAQ-A was significantly
correlated with measurements from Actical for total activity scores (r=0.279, p<0.001)
and MVPA (r=0.236, p<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed agreement for MVPA and
sedentary activities between PAQ-A and Actical where both methods fell between ±2SD
lines. PAQ-A has 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity in predicting the adolescents’
achievement of the current Malaysian Dietary Guidelines recommendation of at least 60
minutes of moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity daily. In conclusion, the PAQA has been shown to have a high level of reliability and moderate level of validity with
acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity of the PAQ-A and is applicable for use
among Malaysian adolescents.
A06 Validity and reliability of bulimia test revised (BULIT-R)
among adolescents in Bangi, Selangor
Fara Wahida R, Woon FC, Kaartina S, Hiew CC and Chin YS
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor DE
Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R) has been widely used in Western countries as self-report
measure of bulimia nervosa. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the reliability
and construct validity of the BULIT-R among adolescents in Bangi, Selangor. A total of
302 adolescents (152 males and 150 females) aged 13 to 15 years from two secondary
schools in Bangi, Selangor participated in this study. Majority of the respondents were
Malays (75.5%), followed by Chinese (13.6%), and Indians (10.9%). BULIT-R consists of
28-items and each item is scored using 5-point likert scale. Possible scores for BULIT-R
ranged from 28 to 140, whereby score greater than 104 being indicative of bulimia
nervosa. All respondents were required to complete the BULIT-R, Eating Attitude Test-26
(EAT-26) and Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale (MBIS). Their body weight and height
were measured by the researchers. The internal consistency of BULIT-R was determined
using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was determined by correlating
the BULIT-R with BMI-for-age (z-score), disordered eating and body image using the
Pearson product-moment correlations. The result found that the internal consistency of
BULIT-R is good (α=0.75). The BULIT-R was correlated with z-score (r=0.283, p<0.01),
EAT score (r=0.397, p<0.01) and MBIS score (r=0.512, p<0.01). In short, the BULIT-R
can be used as a valid and reliable measure of bulimia nervosa for adolescents in this
study.
KC
A07 High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among children
aged 7 to 12 years in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Fatihah F, Ruzita AT & Poh BK
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur
This cross sectional study was conducted to determine vitamin D status and the
prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in healthy 7- to 12- year-old children in the East Coast
of Peninsular Malaysia. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children,
which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This
paper reports the results from 341 healthy children (143 boys, 198 girls) from Kota
Bharu (urban area) and Kuala Berang (rural area) participated in this study.
Anthropometric measurements included body weight and height, and body mass index
(BMI) was calculated. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured among a
subsample of 118 children (43 boys, 75 girls). Serum 25(OH)D level below 50.0nmol/L
was defined as hypovitaminosis D; between 37.5 and 50.0nmol/L as insufficiency; and
37.5nmol/L or less as deficiency. Duration of daily sunlight exposure was determined by
using sunlight exposure questionnaire. Mean age of the children was 9.85±1.40 years.
Mean weight, height and BMI were 31.24±10.17 kg, 1.33±0.09 m and 17.19±3.72 kg/m2,
respectively. Mean serum levels of 25(OH)D was 48.4±15.5nmol/L among all children;
with boys (58.6±15.0nmol/L) having significantly (p<0.001) greater amount of serum
levels of vitamin D compared to girls (42.6±12.5nmol/L). However, there was no
significant difference in mean serum levels of 25(OH)D between urban (47.3±16.7nmol/L)
and rural (49.6±14.2nmol/L) areas. This study revealed a high prevalence of
hypovitaminosis D (58.5%), with almost equal proportions of vitamin D insufficiency
(28.8%) and deficiency (29.7%). From Chi-square test, there was a significant association
between duration of sunlight exposure and vitamin D status (Χ2=10.46, p<0.01). In
conclusion, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in East Coast of Peninsular
Malaysia was observed in this study. Increments in the duration of sunlight exposure
may be one of the most important steps in preventing vitamin D deficiency among these
children who live in sun-rich Malaysia.
A08 Nutritional status, fast food consumption pattern and
physical activity among students from faculty of food Science
& technology in University Putra Malaysia (UPM)
Gwee YC1 and Satvinder Kaur2
Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Food Science & Nutrition, UCSI University
The lifestyle and dietary practices of university students can be easily affected as they
are living independently during college times. The purpose of this study was to determine
the nutritional status, fast food consumption pattern and physical activity among
students from Faculty of Food Science & Technology in University Putra Malaysia (UPM).
This study employed cross sectional study and quota and convenient sampling method.
The questionnaires consist of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Fast Food
Consumption Pattern Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire
(IPAQ). The body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference of
subjects were measured. A number of 205 students participated in this study. 53.2% of
participants were normal weight. Majority of subjects were in normal body fat percentage
(72.7%) and waist circumference (87.3%). Most of the nutrients intake had met the
KD
Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). However, it was observed that the
carbohydrate among subjects was slightly higher than RNI, and the calcium intake
among female subjects did not meet the RNI. 75.6% of the subjects conducted moderate
physical activity level. 61.5% of subjects consume fast food less than once per week. The
predominant reason for participant to consume fast food was the “Taste of food” (45.4%).
Physical activity was negatively correlated with body fat percentage (r=-0.167, p<0.05)
and waist circumference (r=-0.160, p<0.05). Sitting time was significantly correlated with
waist circumference (r=0.143, p<0.05). BMI, body fat percentage, intake of energy,
carbohydrate, fat, and sodium increased along with the increased fast food consumption.
Attention should be made on the lifestyle and dietary practices of university students in
order to ensure university students acquire good health throughout the university life.
A09 Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling Malay
elderly in Ulu Kinta, Perak: The relationship between
anthropometric and functional status
Haslan SM & Siti Nur’Asyura Adznam
Putra Malaysia Selangor
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between socio-economic
status, anthropometric status and functional status with depressive symptoms among
Malay elderly in community of Ulu Kinta, Perak. Information on personal background
was collected using a face-to-face interview. A total of 80 Malay elder adults participated
in this study which consisted of 39 male and 41 female whose age ranged 60 to 103
years. Functional status was measured using the Instrumental Activity Daily Living
(IADL), Elderly Mobility Score (EMS) and Cognitive Function Test (CFT), depressive
symptoms status was measured using Malay validated Geriatric Depression Scale (MGDS-14). Weight, arm span and waist circumference were measured using appropriate
equipment and standard procedures. Height was estimated using the height alternative
formula. The results showed that 33.9% of respondents were had a depressive symptoms
with 17.6% and 16.3% were male and female respectively. Respondents who lives with
their spouse and children or others were more depressed compared to respondents who
were stayed alone, which significantly different (p<0.05) found in male respondents.
Besides, there was a significant different (p<0.05) in depressive symptoms for bad
chewing and appetite condition within female respondents. Almost 51.2% of the
respondent were having abdominal obesity. However, more respondents without
abdominal obesity were founded had depressive symptoms (p<0.05). Depressive
symptoms was significantly correlated with anthropometric status (Weight, r= -0.495,
p=0.001; BMI, r= -0.515, p=0.001; Waist circumference, r= -0.362, p=0.023) among male
and (Weight, r= 0.558, p<0.001; BMI, r= 0.536, p=0.001; Waist circumference, r= 0.370,
p=0.017) female. However, depressive symptoms were not significantly correlated with
socio-economic status and functional status. In conclusion, high BMI in female and low
BMI in male were found to have depressive symptoms. Therefore, an appropriate
intervention program need to be provided to elderly who at risk to prevent further
complication.
KE
A10 Birth weight and ferritin is associated with cognitive
function among children living in a rural area in Kelantan
Hasmiza H1, Pim CD3, Ng LO4, Wan Manan WM2 and Hamid Jan JM2
1Dietetic
programme, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal
Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia; 2Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; 3Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; 4Health Psychology Unit, Faculty of Allied
Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between nutritional status
and iron status with the cognitive function of the primary school children. A crosssectional study was conducted where 249 Malay primary school children (122 males and
127 females) aged 6-9 years old were recruited by systematic sampling method in rural
area of Bachok, Kelantan. Anthropometric measurement for weight and height were
taken and nutritional status of the children was determined based on WHO 2007 growth
reference. Birth weight was recorded from the birth certificate. Venous blood sample was
drawn for haemoglobin and serum ferritin analysis. Cognitive function was assessed
using Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matricess (RCPM) and has been translated to
Bahasa Malaysia and validated accordingly. Results revealed that the prevalence of iron
deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia was 12.6% and 7.7%, respectively. Prevalence of
children who had iron deficiency anaemia was found to be almost same in girls (7.8%)
than boys (7.7%). However, more boys were found to have iron deficiency (14.4%)
compared to girls (10.7%). Pearson’s correlation test showed that there were no
significant associations between all nutritional status indicators with the cognitive
function of the children. However birth weight (r=0.159, p<0.05) and ferritin (r=0.218,
p<0.001) correlated significantly with the cognitive function. Significant difference was
also found between iron status of the children and the cognitive function (F=20.41, p<
0.001). Multiple linear regression tests showed that serum ferritin contribute the most
significant factor to the cognitive performance variance (R2= 0.071, p< 0.001). The study
emphasizes the fact that birth weight and iron status are important factors in
determining cognitive performance of the school children. Thus, it is important to
overcome the problems of malnutrition especially iron deficiency anaemia at the time of
birth and duirng childhood as it affects the children’s cognitive function.
A11 Evaluation of Non-Governmental Organizations’ health
promotion projects in 2010 funded by the Malaysian Health
Promotion Board
Heng SY1, Norimah AK1, Ismail MN2 and S.Thavaraj SS3
1Nutrition
Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences,
UniSZA, Kuala Terengganu; 3Malaysian Health Promotion Board, Putrajaya.
Malaysian Health Promotion Board provides grants for the non-governmental
organizations to organize health promotion projects since 2008 but to date no study has
been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the projects funded. The objective of this
study was to assess the efficacy of transferring health information and to determine the
prevalence of diseases in 28 community projects using both qualitative and quantitative
analysis techniques. Qualitative analysis involved evaluating the health literacy by using
the validated 21-items RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness/efficacy, adoption, implementation,
KF
maintenance) coding sheet. The projects were then classified into low, moderate and high
health literacy. Quantitative analysis was used to calculate the percentage effectiveness
for each project using the averages of health literacy, achievement of specific objectives,
effort of program publicity and allocation of budget. The relationship of the percentage
effectiveness with the project duration was also examined. Only 11 out of 28 projects
reported the results of health screening. The most prevalent disease in the area covered
is high blood pressure while the least prevalent disease is mental health problems. Out
of the 28 projects, only 21% (6 projects) achieved the objectives according to the SMART
formula, which included specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-framed.
There were 14% (4 projects) classified as low health literacy, 86% (24 projects) as
moderate health literacy and none of the projects was classified as high health literacy.
46% (13 projects) were effective in overall aspects (health literacy, achievement of
objectives, effort of publicity and allocation of budget), while the remaining 54% (15
projects) needed to improve their implementations. No significant difference was
observed between the percentage effectiveness and duration of projects. A positive and
significant (p<0.001) correlations were found between percentage effectiveness with
efforts of program publicity (r=0.816) and allocations of budget (r=0.537). In conclusion,
components such as program publicity and budget allocations need to be emphasized in
ensuring the effectiveness of a given program.
A12 Child- and parent-proxy report of health-related quality
of life among a sample of Malaysian adolescents: reliability
and validity of PedsQL 4.0.
Kaartina S, Fara Wahida R, Woon FC, Hiew CC, Chin YS, Zalilah MS, Mohd Nasir
MT
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Helath Sciences, Universiti Putra
Malaysia
Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity have increased substantially, raising
concerns about the physical and psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity.
The PedsQL 4.0 is developed to provide a generalized assessment of well-being measured
along multiple dimensions including physical, functional, psychological and social wellbeing. This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of PedsQL 4.0 among a
sample of Malaysian adolescents. A cross-sectional multistage study was carried out in 3
schools in the state of Selangor. A total of 374 Malaysian students aged between 13-17
years were randomly selected to complete the PedsQL 4.0 that assesses the health
related quality of life (HRQOL). Body weight and height of students were measured and
BMI-for-age by gender was used to determine the body weight status. A parent-proxy
PedsQL 4.0 was also distributed to the parents of the respondents. The prevalence of
overweight and obesity (23.5%) was four times higher than the prevalence of thinness
(5.3%) and severe thinness (0.5%) although 70.7% adolescents were normal in weight.
Convergent and discriminant validity was conducted using Confirmatory Factor Analysis
(CFA) by AMOS software. Factor loadings for physical, emotional, social and school
functioning dimensions of child and parent-proxy were at least 0.7. The child self-report
and parent proxy-report reported a high AVE (>0.5) indicates that both child self-report
and parent-proxy of HRQOL have high convergent validity. Adolescents with a high BMI
have reported to have poor HRQOL (r= -0.18, P<0.05). Internal consistency for child selfreport was α=0.91 whereas for parent proxy-report was α=0.98, indicating the PedsQL
4.0 is a reliable instrument. The result demonstrates that the child self-report and
parent proxy-report of PedsQL 4.0 were valid and reliable to assess HRQOL among
Malaysian adolescents aged 13-17 years.
KG
A13 Assessment of worksite physical and social
environments on healthy food choices and physical activity of
blue-collar workers: Findings from an automotive factory in
Pulau Pinang
Kan MY1, Ang YK1 and Wong WY2
1Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University,
Kuala Lumpur; 2Boon Siew Honda Sdn Bhd
Several literatures have shown that dietary and physical activity behaviours are partly
due to the interplay of multiple influences across different environmental context. The
worksite settings and social environment affect the availability of food and impact
barriers as well as opportunities that facilitate or hinder an individual from practicing
healthy eating and active living. This study aims to assess the factory physical and social
environments for healthy food choices and physical activity and determine the general
perception of blue-collar workers on food and physical activity environments. Data were
obtained on 313 workers with informed consent using an established worksite
environments instrument and standard anthropometric measurements. The workers
from all departments were conveniently selected during non-production days. The
common diet facilities used at the factory were dining tables and chairs. Many fast food
restaurants were found nearby the factory/ neighborhood. For physical activity facilities,
football field and recreational park were commonly used. Around 38% and 33% of the
workers do not have social supports from their family members and friends for healthy
food choices and physical activity, respectively. Thirty percent perceived hardly to eat
healthily at the factory while 44% perceived difficulty in getting fruits and vegetables.
Some workers (24%) perceived hardly to carry out physical activity. Approximately 27%
and 34% claimed that hardly to obtain healthy eating and physical activity information,
respectively. Further analyses showed that no correlation was found between body mass
index (BMI) and frequency usage of diet and physical activity environment components.
In contrast, there was a weak correlation between BMI and social support on healthy
food choices (2=16.16, p<0.05), but no correlation for social support on physical
activity. There was a significant difference in worker's perception on healthy food choices
for gender (t=0.218, p<0.05), but not for worker’s perception on physical activity
(p>0.05). In conclusion, this study provides some background information for planning
and developing a health intervention among blue-collar workers in a factory and other
similar worksites.
A14 Stages of change among overweight and obese university
students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
Kang JS and Zuriati I
Putra Malaysia
Successful behavioural change according to transtheoretical model involves the
progression through the series of stages of change. There was lacking of research study
focused on weight loss behavioural change among overweight and obese young adults
despite their high prevalence of being overweight and obese. A descriptive cross-sectional
study aims to describe the stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance and
self-efficacy to lose weight among overweight and obese university students in Universiti
KH
Putra Malaysia (UPM) was conducted. After simple random sampling among 16 faculties
in UPM, 146 respondents from four selected faculties were recruited to complete selfadministered questionnaire, including sociodemographic data, Weight: Stages of change,
Weight: Processes of change, Weight: Decisional balance, Eating self-efficacy scale,
Exercise efficacy scale and anthropometry data. 44.5% respondents were in action,
31.5% in maintenance, 15.1% in precontemplation and 8.9% in contemplation stage. The
experimental processes of change most frequently used were social liberation (2.74±0.70)
for those in the precontemplation stage and consciousness raising for those in the
contemplation (3.08±0.71) and action (3.43±0.85) stages. Consciousness raising
(3.40±0.88) and self reevaluation (3.40±0.91) were the processes used most frequently by
respondents in the maintenance stage. Self liberation (>3.00) was the most frequently
used behavioural processes of change in all of the four stages of change. Decisional
balance pro scores (3.84±0.70) were the highest for respondents in the contemplation
stage. Exercise efficacy (44.60±15.87) and eating self-efficacy (negative affect) scores
(4.95±0.77) were the highest for those in the contemplation stage whereas eating selfefficacy (socially acceptable circumstances) score (3.55±1.35) was the highest for those in
the action stage. There were significance differences of seven processes of change,
decisional balance pro score and eating self-efficacy (socially acceptable circumstances)
among the respondents in four stages of change. There were no significant relationships
between stages of change to lose weight with sociodemographic characteristics and body
weight status. This study warrants for future intervention study in the management of
overweight and obesity among university students.
A15 Psychosocial factor and quality of life among obese adult
in Perlis
Khairiah K & Rokiah MY
Putra Malaysia
In Malaysia, the prevalence of obesity have increased based on National Health and
Morbidity Survey III in 2006. The study on assesing the quality of life among obese adult
and factors associated with quality of life is still lacking. Based on few studies, there are
many factors affecting their quality of life and one of the factor is social support based.
Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of psychosocial factor (social
support) and quality of life among obese adult in Perlis. Convenience sampling method
was used. Data were collected in the state of Perlis using self-administered questionnaire
which consisted of three parts; assessing socioeconomic characteristic, social support
(Berlin Social Support) and Quality of life (SF-36). A total of 43 respondents participated
in the survey with 28 female and 15 male respondents. As for the result, they reported
having poorer quality of life compared to the general population. The bivariate analysis
showed that there was a significant different in the score of actual received social
support between male and female (p<0.05). For both male and female, there were
significant association between total social support and general health domain (r= 0.335)
and also between social support and role-emotion domain(r=0.68). Social support was
associated with quality of life in obese adult in few domain of quality of life. As a
conclusion, more attention is needed for increasing social support for this obese group.
KI
A16 Weight management knowledge and practices among
female primary school teachers in Ampang
Lai YQ and Shashikala S
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University,
Kuala Lumpur
Non-communicable disease (NCD) had become a pandemic spread throughout the world.
Overweight and obesity had increased recently in our country, especially among female
adults. This study was done to examine the weight management knowledge and
practices among female primary school teachers in Ampang. The targeted subjects were
full-time primary school teachers aged between 18 to 60 years old. The study design for
this research was cross-sectional. A total of 201 questionnaires were distributed to
school teachers using convenient sampling method.The questionnaire consists of
demographic and anthropometric indices, body image perception, physical activity,
dietary practices and weight management knowledge. Most of the subjects (50.3%) were
concern about their body weight and there were 45.6% of the subjects perceived their
current body weight as overweight. There was 31.6% of the subjects were less satisfied
with their body weight and 71.5% of the subjects desired to lose weight. Most of the
subjects choose the normal weight body shape as their ideal and healthy body shape
(67.9%) but 42.0% of them perceive their current body size as 10% overweight body
shape. There was a positive discrepancy score (1.05±0.48) which showed that there are
body dissatisfaction among the subjects. Majority of the subjects were not active in
exercise and games. There were 63.7% of the subjects skip meals in their daily life.
Results revealed that most of the subjects (64.8%) have moderate level of weight
management knowledge. There was a very weak relationship between BMI and
discrepancy score (r=0.660, p<0.05). There were significant correlation between BMI and
body parts satisfaction (r=-0.151, p<0.05) and dietary practice (r=0.161, p<0.05). In a
conclusion, primary school teachers in Ampang have a moderate level of weight
management knowledge. In order to increase their awareness in weight management
knowledge, government should put more effort in educating the teachers and students in
school.
A17 Prevalence and Association of Anthropometric
Measurements with Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in
Bachok, Kelantan
Laila Ruwaida MZ1,2, Nur Firdaus I2, Kah Leng S2, Wan Manan WM2 and Hamid
Jan JM2
1Dietetic
Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,
Terengganu, Malaysia, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; 2Nutrition
Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian,
Kelantan, Malaysia.
Metabolic syndrome has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease
and diabetes mellitus. Studies showed that some anthropometric measurements can
influence metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine the
prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the association of anthropometric measurements
with metabolic syndrome among adults in Bachok, Kelantan. This cross sectional study
was done in Bachok, Kelantan involving 298 respondents aged between 18 to 70 years
old. The study used a structured questionnaire to obtain information on demographics;
KJ
lifestyle and medical history. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height,
body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage, blood pressure
were measured. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to predict the
occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined using JIS (Joint
Interim Statement) definition. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37.5%.
The prevalence was higher among female subjects. For body weight status, 41.6 % of the
subjects were overweight and 13.4% were obese. There were 41.3 % of respondents with
normal body weight while 3.7% were underweight. A total of 37.4% of subjects had
acceptable (lower end) body fat status. More than half of subjects had unhealthy body fat
status, 32.7% had acceptable (upper end) body fat percentage while 23.8% had
unhealthy (too high) fat percentage. Only 6.1 % of subjects had unhealthy (too low) body
fat percentage. About 48.8% of subjects were at risk of abdominal obesity while 47.8%
showed at risk WHR. High BMI (>25kg/m-2) (B= 4.978, p<0.001) and high body fat
percentage (B= 3.160, p <0.05) were identified as independent modifiable risk factors of
the metabolic syndrome. Weight management lifestyle modification should be
implemented as a prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
A18 Validation of The Malaysian Cohort Physical Activity
Questionnaire (PAQ-MC) with Actical accelerometer among
adults aged 35 to 65 years
Lee KY1, Poh BK1, Rahman J2 and Ismail MN3
1School
Malaysia; 2UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia; 3Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
Questionnaires are the most widely used instrument for large-scale epidemiological
studies. A reliable and validated physical activity questionnaire is essential to precisely
assess both physical activity pattern and level at the population level. The Malaysian
Cohort Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-MC) which comprises 26 questions and 5
domains was developed to assess the physical activity level of Malaysian adults aged 35
to 65 years. This study aimed to assess the reliability, concurrent validity, sensitivity and
specificity of PAQ-MC among healthy adults of Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnicities.
Reliability of PAQ-MC was assessed by test-retesting 135 subjects (62 men and 73
women) and was interview-administered at 7-day intervals. Concurrent validity of PAQMC was assessed in 70 subjects (30 men and 40 women) by comparing data collected
from 7-day Actical accelerometer against data from the second administration of PAQMC. For test-test reliability, Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant differences
in time spent for overall total physical activity and its sub-components (vigorous activity,
moderate activity, walking, sitting and sleeping) at 7-day intervals. Spearman
correlations revealed significant correlation for total physical activity (r=0.837; p<0.001)
and its sub-components of physical activity (r=0.695-0.873, p<0.001) between two
interview sessions. For concurrent validity, total physical activity measured from PAQMC (MET-min week-1) and accelerometer (count min-1 week-1) showed significant
correlation (r=0.409, p<0.05), similarly for moderate-vigorous activity (MVPA) (r=0.373,
p<0.05), moderate activity (r=0.347, p<0.05) and vigorous activity (r=261, p<0.05).
However, Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that self reported time spent for different
intensities in physical activity were significantly different from time measured by
accelerometer for moderate activity and MVPA (p<0.05). PAQ-MC has 93.9% sensitivity
and 75.0% specificity in predicting attainment of the current Malaysian Dietary
Guidelines recommendation (accumulating ≥30 minutes of moderate intensity physical
activity for at least 5 to 6 days a week). Our findings indicate that PAQ-MC has good
reliability and acceptable validity with high sensitivity. We conclude that the PAQ-MC is
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suitable for used in The Malaysian Cohort as a tool to assess physical activity level and
pattern in healthy Malaysian adults aged 35 to 65 years.
A19 Assessment of physical activity, food habits and factors
affecting them in school children through quantitative and
qualitative methods
Lee PMH, Sameeha MJ & Poh BK
The aim of this study was to assess the physical activity, food habits and factors that
affect them among school-aged children in Kuala Lumpur. This study was conducted in
two phases: Phase I involving quantitative survey and Phase II qualitative methods.
Phase I involved a total of 127 primary school children aged 9-12 years, where students
were selected using systematic random sampling; and their weight, height, waist
circumference and skinfolds were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and
children were grouped into BMI categories based on WHO (2007) BMI-for-age growth
reference. Questionnaires comprised questions on physical activity and food habits.
Phase II involved seven overweight and obese children selected from the participants of
Phase I. Participants and their parents were interviewed and children were observed
during physical education period and recess time in school. Results from Phase I show
that proportion of overweight was 14.2% while 15.7% was obese. Significant differences
were found between boys and girls in weight (44.8 ± 17.5 kg vs 36.7 ± 10.5 kg, p<0.05),
BMI (21.0 ± 6.2 kg/m2 vs 17.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2, p<0.05) and waist circumference (70.9 ±
15.8 cm vs 60.8 ± 9.8 cm, p<0.05). Physical activity scores also showed significant
difference between the sexes (2.5 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.5, p<0.05) but not between the four
BMI groups. The results showed no significant correlation between physical activity score
and BMI. In Phase II, analysis of qualitative data revealed seven themes related to
overweight and obesity, namely physical activity level, food habits, mood and
psychological factor, understanding and perspective, the role of family members, the role
of school and environmental factor. In conclusion, most of the school children have low
physical activity and unhealthy food habits, based on the results from both phases.
Furthermore, five main factors influencing physical activity and food habits of overweight
and obese school children were found. It is recommended that interventions to remove
barriers towards higher physical activity level and healthier food habits are necessary in
order to arrest and reduce the rate of childhood overweight and obesity among primary
school children.
A20 Overweight and normal-weight early adolescents:
comparison of body image perception, dietary practice, and
physical activity
Lee RJ and Chin YS
Putra Malaysia
This study aimed to compare body image perception, dietary practice, and physical
activity between overweight and normal-weight early adolescents. Screening of body
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weight status was conducted at five randomly selected national primary schools in
Selangor to identify overweight and normal-weight respondents. Out of 406 students
aged 10 to 11 years screened, 108 of them (26.6%) were overweight and obese, and they
were matched with 108 normal-weight respondents by age, gender, and ethnicity. In
order to assess body image perception, dietary practice, and physical activity,
respondents completed Weight Perception Questionnaire, “Appearance and Body
Satisfaction” dimension from the Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale, Body Figure
Rating Scale, Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Children’s Eating Attitudes Test, 2-day
dietary recall, and 2-day physical activity recall. The study sample comprised Malays
(53.7%), Chinese (30.6%), and Indians (15.7%). Results showed that more overweight
respondents (66.6%) than normal-weight respondents (27.8%) had incorrect perception
of current body weight status (χ2=53.851, p<0.001). Overweight respondents
(60.51±16.07) had lower mean body parts satisfaction score than normal-weight
counterparts (65.74±18.56; t=-2.216, p=0.028). Mean body size discrepancy score among
overweight respondents (0.90±0.86) was different compared to the normal-weight
counterparts (-0.13±0.82; t=4.678, p<0.001). Overweight respondents (25.0%) were more
likely to skip all three main meals daily than their normal-weight counterparts (19.4%;
χ2=6.196, p=0.045). Overweight respondents had lower energy and carbohydrate intakes
(1768±460kcal/day; 215.89±63.55g/day) as compared to normal-weight counterparts
(1914±373kcal/day; 242.21±62.67g/day; t=-2.560, p=0.011; t=-3.065, p=0.002).
Overweight respondents had higher total energy expenditure (2107±335kcal/day) than
normal-weight counterparts (1635±237kcal/day; t=11.967, p<0.001). More overweight
respondents (75.0%) were physically active compared to their normal-weight
counterparts (39.8%, χ2=29.642, p<0.001). More overweight respondents (71.3%) had
negative energy balance as compared to normal-weight counterparts (24.1%; χ2=46.396,
p<0.001). Intervention programmes focus on promoting positive body image, healthy
eating and active lifestyle are needed to prevent further increase of overweight and
obesity problems among early adolescents.
A21 The relationship between nutritional status and birth
outcomes of Malay pregnant women in a private hospital in
Kuala Lumpur
Leong SJ and Norimah AK
Nutrition Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Adequate maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy is important to ensure satisfactory
birth outcomes. The present study investigates the relationship between nutritional
status and birth outcomes of Malay pregnant women in a private hospital in Kuala
Lumpur. A total of 102 pregnant women aged between 20 and 40 years old, in the third
trimester (28-42 week’s gestation) of pregnancy participated in this study. Current
weight and height of the pregnant women were measured while dietary intake was
evaluated using Diet History Questionnaire by interview. Information on the birth
outcomes (birth weight, length and head circumference) were collected after delivery via
telephone. Information of birth outcomes were only obtained from 82 mothers as the
remaining were not contactable. 74.5% of the mothers were graduates, 87.3% were
employed and half were from affluent families (51%). Majority (35.3%) of the mothers
were in their first pregnancy. The mean energy intake of the pregnant women were
1658±401kcal (19-29 years old) and 1697±376kcal (30-50 years old) respectively which
achieved only 67% and 64& of RNI. Nutrients at risk of deficiency among mothers were
vitamin D (1.6±2 ug), thiamin (1.2±0.5 mg), niacin (15±6 mg), folate (197±123 ug),
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calcium (822±372 mg) and zinc (7.5±5 mg) as these nutrients fulffiled only 32%, 86%,
83%, 33%, 82% and 75% of RNI. Mean weight gain for mothers throughout the
pregnancy was 13±5 kg; of whom 42.7% met the recommended weight gain, 26.8% did
not gain enough weight and 30.5% put on excessive weight. The mean infant birth
weight, length and head circumference was 3.1±0.4kg, 52±2.6cm and 33±1.6cm
respectively. 7.3% infants had low birth weight (<2500g) and 23% had birth weight
greater than 3500g. All nutrients were not significantly correlated to birth outcomes
except for cobalamin with birth weight (r=-0.297, p=0.007) and head circumference (r=0.314, p=0.004). Total weight gain was significantly correlated with birth weight
(r=0.340, p=0.002) and length (r=0.285, p=0.009). Prepregnancy weight was significantly
correlated with birth weight (r=0.260, p=0.018), while height was significantly correlated
with birth weight (r=0.329, p=0.003) and length (r=0.288, p=0.009). In conclusion, this
study shows that maternal anthropometry is the important parameter in ensuring a
satisfactory birth outcome.
A22 Factors associated with health-related quality of life
among primary school children in Selangor
Lim KL and Chin YS
Putra Malaysia
This study examined factors that associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
among primary school children in Selangor. A total of 326 children (28.0% males and
62.0% females) aged 10-11 years from five selected schools in Selangor participated in
this study. Majority of the respondents were Malays (50.0%), followed by Chinese (34%)
and Indians (16%). Respondents were required to complete Two-day Dietary Recall and
Two-day Physical Activity Recall, Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, Children’s Eating
Attitudes Test, Weight Perception Question, Body Figure Rating Scale, Appearance and
Body Satisfaction of Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale, and PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic
Core Scales. Body weight and height were measured by the researchers. The mean score
of overall HRQOL that include four domains was 69.28±18.13. Among the HRQOL
domains, social functioning domain had the highest mean score of 73.29±23.87, followed
by physical functioning domain (72.53±20.70), and school functioning domain
(65.69±21.43). Meanwhile, emotional functioning domain (61.54±22.53) had the lowest
mean score. Indian respondents reported to have the poorest HRQOL (mean
score=69.28±22.56) among the three ethnic groups. However, there was no significant
different in total HRQOL score between Chinese (71.38±15.23) and Malay (69.67±18.09)
children. Respondents who had regular meals, snacked and non-prone to disordered
eating reported better HRQOL than others significantly. Furthermore, active children
were more likely to have better overall HRQOL than their non-active counterparts
(r=0.124, p=0.025). Respondents who perceived their body weight correctly have better
HRQOL than those who perceived incorrectly (r=-0.110, p=0.049). Besides, gender,
parent’s year of schooling, monthly income, body weight status, total energy and
macronutrients intakes (carbohydrates, protein and fat), body size perceptions and body
part satisfaction were not significantly associated with HRQOL scores. Efforts focusing
on promoting healthy eating, active lifestyle and positive body image are crucial for better
health-related quality of life among children.
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A23 Assessment of different eating patterns, nutritional
status and physical activity among a group of public
university students
Lim KZ and Satvin K
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University
University student often practiced poor eating behaviour due to the stress and emotion
which may affect their health. The objective of this study was to determine the
association of eating behavior, nutritional status and physical activity among the student
from Faculty of Food Science and Technology in UPM. A total of 205 students (130
female and 35 male), aged 20-24 years participated in the study. Anthropometric
measurements of participant were taken and a set of self-administered questionnaires
(food frequency questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 and International
Physical Activity Questionnaire) were used. There were 53.2% of participants in normal
category, 15.6% were underweight, 19% were overweight and 12.2% were obese. Malays
showed the highest BMI (23.33 kg/m2), followed by Indians (21.46 kg/m2) and Chinese
(20.46 kg/m2). The energy intake was associated with the BMI (p<0.01). There were
72.7% of participants have normal body fat percentage and 87.3% of participants have
normal waist circumference. Most students scored highest in uncontrolled eating (UE)
(35.6%) while least student were categorised as cognitive restraint (CR) (31.2%). Higher
BMI was associated with higher UE and Emotional Eating (EE) (p<0.05, p<0.01,
respectively) but not with CR. There were 15.1% participants practiced low physical
activity, 75.6% participants had moderate physical activity and 9.3% participants
practiced high physical activity. Physical activity was negatively correlated with both
body fat percentage (r=-0.167, p<0.05) and waist circumference (r=-0.160, p<0.05). This
finding suggest that eating behavior and physical activity play an important role in
weight gain, hence education on practicing good eating behaviour and healthy lifestyle
should be given to university student.
A24 Evaluation of printed nutrition educational materials for
childhood obesity intervention studies
Lim SH, Ruzita AT, Hanee F, Siti Sabariah B and Poh BK
School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Printed educational material is the primary mode of communication in public health
education. However, there is a scarcity of studies that evaluate printed educational
materials related to childhood obesity in Malaysia. This study was conducted with the
aim of evaluating existing printed nutrition educational materials regarding childhood
obesity for future use in nutrition education and intervention studies. This study was
conducted in two phases: Phase 1 involved a survey of existing printed nutrition
educational materials related to childhood obesity; and Phase 2 evaluated the acceptance
of existing printed educational materials and changes in knowledge level after reading
these materials among educational and health professionals, adults and children.
Subjects in this study comprised 67 individuals who were educational and health
professionals (n = 7), adults (n = 30) and children (n = 30). Adults were given a booklet
that focused on prevention and management of childhood obesity such as complications
of childhood obesity, food preparation and so forth. Children received a booklet that
focused on food pyramid, importance of breakfast, physical activity and so on and a
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poster that focused on healthy food choices. The professionals were given all three
printed materials. We found that the acceptance of subjects towards content,
illustrations, tables and figures, colour, organization of picture, organization of content,
language and font size ranged from not satisfactory to very satisfactory with mean
satisfaction score of 3.9 ± 0.5 for booklet targeted at adult population while 4.3 ± 0.4 and
3.9 ± 0.9 for booklet and poster targeted at children population, respectively. Knowledge
score of the professionals increased from 89 ± 11% before receiving the printed
educational materials to 96 ± 3% after reading them. The knowledge score of adults also
increased significantly (p<0.001) from 68 ± 14% to 85 ± 16%; while among children,
knowledge score significantly increased (p<0.001) from 65 ± 14% to 84 ± 11%. In
conclusion, the existing printed educational materials were well-accepted and were able
to increase the knowledge level of target subjects.
A25 Anthropometric status and cognitive function among
primary school children in Kuala Lumpur : comparison
between normal children and children with learning
disabilities
Lina Husniyah M, Roslee R and Nur Sakinah I
School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
Nutritional status is an important factor that may affect cognitive function of the school
children. This cross sectional study was conducted to assess nutritional status and
cognitive function of primary school children from six selected schools in Kuala Lumpur.
A total of 96 normal children, 40 special need children and 42 children in the Linusdedicated remedial class aged 7 to 10 years old were involved in this study. Sociodemographic data of subjects and their family was obtained through a standard
questionnaire. Weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured
while body mass index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to WHO 2007
growth reference. The percentage of subjects who were in the BMI category of
underweight are highest among the special need children with 17.5%. Normal BMI was
highest among normal children with 70.8% whereas children in Linus-dedicated
remedial class are highest for overweight category (33.3%). Height-for-age of stunted is
highest among special need children (10%) as well as weight-for-age of thinness with
10%. Children in Linus-dedicated remedial class had the highest percentage
of
overweight (31%) for weight-for-age. Cognitive function was assessed by using Weschler
Intelligance Scale for Children III(WISC-III). The subtest of digit span and vocabulary
were chosen to test the children. Results revealed special need children achieved highest
percentage of low subtest score for both digit span (90%) and vocabulary (90.5%). Normal
children have the highest mean subtest score (10.52 ± 2.9) for digit span and vocabulary
compared to special need children (3.87 ± 2.87) and children in the Linus-dedicated
remedial class (7.2 ± 2.72). A significant but very weak negative correlation (r = -0.155, p
< 0.05) was found between height of subject and vocabulary test score. There is also
significant but very weak positive correlation (r = 0.16, p < 0.05) between BMI for age and
digit span score. The findings of this study showed that although children with learning
disabilities did not differs much in term of growth status compared to normal children,
their cognitive function differs significantly. Thus any future intervention to improve
children’s nutritional status should also consider their cognitive status especially if it
involves children with learning disabilities.
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A26 Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of adiposity among
adolescents in Kuala Lumpur: a case-control study
Loh DA1, Moy FM1, Zahurin M2 & Nur Lisa Z2
of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya; 2Department of
Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
1Department
Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is a validated and age independent predictor of obesity and
cardiovascular risk factors. This is a case-control study conducted in schools within
Kuala Lumpur. Multi-stage sampling was applied. The aim of this study was to evaluate
the accuracy of WHtR in assessing abdominal obesity and its relation to body
composition among 13 year old adolescents. A total of 414 adolescents with 207 normal
weight and 207 overweight/obese adolescents were included in this study. Weight,
height, waist circumference (WC) and body composition were measured. Body mass
index (BMI) was calculated and WHO (2007) BMI-for-age growth reference standard was
used to categorise these adolescents into BMI categories. WC ≥90th percentile and waistto-height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5 were used as cut-off points to indicate abdominal adiposity
and cardiovascular risk. Fat-mass, fat-free mass, total body water and percentage body
fat were measured using a bioimpedance analysis device (InBody 230, BioSpace, Korea).
There were more males who were obese (58.1%) compared to females (46.3%) (p<0.01).
There were no significant difference in racial proportion among cases and controls
(p>0.05). In both normal weight and overweight/obese adolescents, BMI, fat mass,
percentage body fat were significantly higher in females (p<0.001) whereas males had
significantly higher WC, WHtR and fat-free mass (p<0.001). WHtR was strongly
correlated with weight (r=0.78, p<0.01 for males, r=0.80, p<0.01 for females), BMI
(r=0.91, p<0.01 for males, r=0.87, p<0.01 for females), WC (r=0.95, p<0.01 for males,
r=0.96, p<0.01 for females) and fat mass (r=0.81, p<0.01 for males, r=0.76, p<0.01 for
females). On the other hand, WHtR was moderately correlated with percentage body fat
among both genders (r=0.68, p<0.01 for males, r=0.57, p<0.01 for females). These
findings indicate that WHtR is an alternate simple yet effective measure to accurately
assess adiposity and body fat composition amongst adolescents.
A27 Knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices about
cancer among employees in selected local banks
Loo KF, Ang YK and Shashikala S
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University.
Cancer is one of the non-communicable diseases increasingly being seen as a
preventable disease. A total of 21,773 cancer cases were diagnosed in Peninsular
Malaysia in the year 2006. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes
and practices about cancer prevention among employees in selected local banks in Klang
Valley. A total of 200 employees (35% males and 65% females) aged in between 18 and
55 years old were recruited using convenience sampling technique. Knowledge, attitudes
and practices data were collected using a reliable self-administered questionnaire with
the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged from 0.70 to 0.72. The results showed that
69.5% of the employees have low to moderate knowledge scores. For attitude, only 8% of
the employees considered having a poor attitude towards cancer prevention. This study
also found that 45% of the employees were categorized in moderate level of practices and
none employee leads poor practices towards cancer prevention. The results revealed no
significant difference in I) knowledge scores for gender and educational level II) attitudes
scores for gender and educational level (p>0.05). However, there was a significant
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difference (p < 0.05) in practices score for four different educational levels with post-hoc
test indicated that employees with Diploma program/ A-Level/ STPM/ Foundation
educational level and employees with Bachelor/Degree program educational level was the
only pair significantly different. No significant relationships were observed between
knowledge, attitudes and practices with BMI of the employees (p>0.05). A significant
relationship was found in between knowledge and attitudes (r=0.572; p<0.05), knowledge
and practices (r=0.330; p<0.05) and attitudes and practices (r=0.319; p<0.05). In
conclusion, employees in these selected local banks generally have moderate knowledge,
attitudes and practices about cancer prevention. Linkages between health and cancer
agencies and the financial institutions are needed to further improve and maintain the
level of knowledge and attitudes and eventually raise good practices for cancer
prevention.
A28 Weight management knowledge and practices among
female employees in banking industries
Mak CY, Shashikala S and Ang YK
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing and are recognized as a major cause
of morbidity and mortality. Many epidemiological studies found that overweight and
obesity is one of the important modifiable risk factors of NCDs. The correct weight
management knowledge and practice will reduce the prevalence of overweight and
obesity.This study was conducted to assess weight management knowledge and practice
among female employees in banking industries in Klang Valley. The targeted subjects
were permanent female employees aged 18 to 60 years old. The study design for this
research was a cross-sectional. A total of 198 questionnaires were distributed to
employees using convenient sampling method. Majority of the employees were overweight
(43.1%) compared to normal weight (40.4%). About 79 % of the subjects concerned about
their weight. There were about 47 % of subjects less and not satisfied with their weight.
More than half of the subjects (59%) had tried to lose weight. More than half of the
subjects (69.2%) had body shape dissatisfaction. Hip (38.8%) and waist (36.7%) were the
body parts that were not or less satisfied. Most of the subjects (77.1%) did not exercise or
active in games. About 48 % of subjects rarely and never do exercise for 30 minutes in a
week. About 68 % of subjects skipped their meal. Most of the subjects (61.2%) had
moderate weight management knowledge. There were differences in discrepancy and
body parts satisfaction scores (p<0.05) between normal weight and overweight subjects.
There was a strong relationship between BMI and discrepancy score (r=0.607, p<0.05).
There are significant correlation between BMI and body parts satisfaction (r=-0.32,
p<0.05) and attitude on physical activity (r=0.181, p<0.05). In conclusion, employees in
these selected banks generally have moderate weight management knowledge and
practices. Management of company should put more effort in improving and maintaining
knowledge and practice in weight management.
A29 Predictors of micronutrient status of reproductive age
Indian women from Ramtek, Nagpur, India
Menon KC1, 2, Skeaff SA2, Thomson CD2, Gray AR3, Ferguson EL4, Zodpey S5, Saraf
A5, Das PK6, Toteja GS7 and Pandav CS8
LH
1Advanced
Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia; 2Department
of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; 3Department of
Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; 4London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England; 5Public Health Foundation of
India, New Delhi, India; 6Health and Family Welfare Training Institute, Nagpur, India;
7Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; 8All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
Adequate micronutrient status of young reproductive age nonpregnant women is
important for optimum pregnancy outcomes. Micronutrient status of women are widely
investigated, however, there is limited information on the predictors of micronutrient
status of reproductive age nonpregnant Indian rural and tribal women. A cross-sectional
study was conducted to assess the micronutrient status (i.e. iodine, zinc, iron, vitamin A,
folate and vitamin B12) of young nonpregnant women (18-30 years age) from Ramtek,
Nagpur, India and the factors associated with their micronutrient status. Participants
(n=109) were randomly selected using a stratified (rural-tribal) proportionate-topopulation size cluster sampling method from 12 subcenters in Ramtek block, Nagpur.
Socio-demographic, anthropometric, dietary, and biochemical data, including blood and
urine samples were obtained. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were
conducted to investigate the predictors of biochemical indicators used to assess the
micronutrient status. The rural and tribal women had similar socio-economic and
anthropometric status. The overall proportion of women suffering from anemia, zinc,
vitamin B12, vitamin A, and folate deficiencies was 66%, 52%, 34%, 4% and 2%,
respectively. The predictors of biochemical indicators of micronutrient status identified
from multivariate models after adjusting for potential confounders were: zinc inhibitor
food score for serum zinc concentration (β (95% CI): -0.23 (-0.43, -0.03); p=0.028); tribal
location for haemoglobin (β (95% CI): -0.84 (-1.40, -0.29); p=0.007) and serum vitamin
B12 concentrations (OR (95% CI): 1.44 (1.04, 1.99); p=0.033); vitamin A rich food group
score for serum retinol concentration (β (95% CI): 0.08 (0.02, 0.13); p=0.008); folate rich
food group score for serum folate concentration (β (95% CI): 1.70 (0.32, 3.09); p=0.021)
and salt iodine content for urinary iodine concentration (OR (95% CI): 0.87 (0.54, 1.41);
p=0.008). Our study indicates that increasing the consumption of micronutrient rich
foods will improve the micronutrient status of these nonpregnant women from Ramtek,
Nagpur.
A30 Nutritional status and growth of Penan children in Long
Napir and Long Rayeh, Limbang Sarawak
Mohamad Hasnan A & Norliza J
Divisional Health Office, Limbang Division, Sarawak
This survey aimed to observe the changes in nutritional status and growth among Penan
children aged 60 months and below in Long Napir and Long Rayeh, Limbang Division.
Body weight, length/height, head circumference (HC) and mid upper arm circumference
(MUAC) were measured every three months from October 2011 until April 2012. There
were 40 subjects (23 boy, x age 34.6 ± 14.7 month; 17 girl, x age 26.5 ± 19.0 month)
included in this survey. At baseline, 50.0% of the subject had normal weight-for-age,
30.0% was underweight, 13.3% had severe underweight and 6.7% at risk of obesity.
However, BMI-for-age confirmed non of the subjects were obese while 13.3% of them
wasted. As for length/height-for-age, 43.3% was normal, 26.7% was stunted, 30.0% was
severely stunted. The HC-for-age and MUAC-for-age shows only 13.3% and 3.3% subject
were below -2sd or more than 2sd respectively. Penan boys were significantly associated
with underweight/severe underweight (62.6%) compared to girls (21.4%). Repeated
measurement showed significant changes in weight [F(2,26)=8.789, p<0.05, ∆ x =0.83kg],
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length/height [F(2,26)=18.73, p<0.05, ∆ x =3.71cm] and HC [F(2,26)=11.28, p<0.05, ∆ x
=0.71cm] of Penan children throughout the 6-month survey. Observation at 6 month
showed 52.4% had normal weight, 38.1% was underweight and 9.5% had severe
underweight. Among them, 4.8% still wasted. Percentage of stunted children were
reduced to 19.1% but severe stunted were raised to 33.3% after 6 month. The HC-for-age
and MUAC-for-age showed positive improvement over 6 month period with only 9.5%
have HC-for-age below -2sd and non with MUAC-for-age below -2sd or more than 2sd.
The existing village health team (VHT) monthly visit to these two Penan settlements is the
best platform in improving nutritional status and growth of Penan Children. However, a
more holistic approach should be taken to accelerate the process as to avoid any
nutritional and growth problem that may affect their future.
A31 Knowledge and practice on sports nutrition among
Malaysian Games (2011) athletes
Haemamalar K, Chai WJ, Mohd Shah K, Nor Faizadatul Ain AW, Shareena DMS,
Qusyairy AA, Durrah R and George GA
Sports Nutrition Department, National Sports Institute of Malaysia
The objective of this study is to determine the sports nutrition knowledge and practice
among Malaysian Games athletes. The questionnaire was answered by 118 athletes aged
12-21 years. Knowledge was assessed using questionnaire that consist of five main
items: carbohydrate, protein, fat, hydration and general nutrition. Each question was
given score of 1 and maximum was 30. The mean score for carbohydrate, protein, fat,
hydration and general nutrition were 2.34, 2.07, 1.99, 2.36, 2.42, respectively (maximum
for each was 5) with total mean score 11.19±3.86. Nutrition practice was assessed based
on Malaysian Food Guide Pyramid serving size recommendation. Only 13.6% of the
subjects meet the 4-8 serving size per/day recommendation for cereal, cereal products
and tubers food group. For protein, 19.5% of the subjects meet the 1-3 serving size
per/day recommendation. For fat, the frequency of fast and fried food was assessed.
Majority of the subjects rarely consumed fast (55.9%) and fried foods (31.4%). 84% of the
subject drinking more than 1 liter of water daily. On general sports nutrition, the mean
intake of meal and snack was 3 times daily while 74.5% of them consume sports drinks.
However, more than half (55%) of the subjects do not check their urine color in early
morning of competition day. Generally, the athletes have poor nutrition knowledge. In
terms of practice, 80% of them did not meet the recommended serving size for protein
and does not practice urine color check. The possible explanation could be that 70% of
the athletes were not exposed nutrition education while for those who have it; they may
not practice their sports nutrition knowledge consistency. Lack of knowledge and
practice of state athletes is a serious issue that needs to be addressed as good nutrition
practices one of the crucial components to ensure the optimal sports performance.
A32 Identifiying the risk of malnutrition using Mini
Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) and Malnutrition
Universal Screening Tool (MUST) among the elderly in Rumah
Seri Kenangan
Muhammad Faizal M and Zuriati I
LJ
Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
University Putra Malaysia
This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the risk of malnutrition using the
Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) and Malnutrition Universal Screening
Tool (MUST) and its association with anthropometric indicators. The screening tools were
validated against anthropometric indicators including body mass index (BMI), mid upper
arm circumference (MUAC), calf circumference (CC) and total body fat percentage. A total
of 98 elderly people were recruited from three publicly funded shelter homes ‘Rumah Seri
Kenangan’ (RSK) in Melaka, Cheras and Seremban. Respondents’ age ranged from 60 to
90 years old, with 53.1% were male and 46.9% female. A small proportion of respondents
were in underweight classification (17.3%, 10.2%, 19.4% and 2%) according to BMI,
MUAC, CC and total body fat percentage respectively. 44.9% (n=44) were normal, 46.9%
(n=46) at risk and 8.2% (n=8) were malnourished according to the MNA-SF. Whilst 37.8%
(n=37) were low risk, 31.6% (n=31) at moderate risk and 30.6% (n=30) were at high risk
of malnutrition according to the MUST. MNA-SF had the highest correlation with CC (r =
0.43, p<0.01) whereas MUST had the highest correlation with BMI (r = -0.59, p<0.01),
followed by MUAC (r = -0.54, p<0.01) and skin fold thickness (r = -0.473, p<0.01). MNASF had a good sensitivity value (>80%) when validated against BMI, MUAC, CC and skin
fold thickness respectively. However, MNA-SF had low specificity and Positive Predictive
Value (PPV) when validated against each BMI (specificity=54.3%, PPV=31.5%), MUAC
(specificity= 48.9%, PPV=16.6%), CC (specificity=50.6%, PPV=27.8%) and skinfold
thickness (specificity=45.8%, PPV=3.7%). In contrast, MUST demonstrate a better
sensitivity but with a lower specificity and PPV than MNA-SF when validated against BMI
(sensitivity=100.0%,
specificity=45.7%,
PPV=27.9%),
MUAC
(sensitivity=90.0%,
specificity=40.9%, PPV=14.8%), CC (sensitivity=84.2%, specificity=43.0%, PPV=26.2%)
and skinfold thickness (sensitivity=100%, specificity=38.5%, PPV=3.3%) correspondingly.
Performing the MUST as a screening tool is strongly recommended only as the basis for
nutritional evaluation. The MNA-SF screening tool shows good sensitivity and more
specific method of identifying those requiring further nutritional assessment than MUST.
Therefore, both validated screening tools can be used in nursing home for identification
of elderly individuals who are at risk of malnutrition.
A33 Predictors of intelligence quotient (IQ) performance of
primary school children in Penang and Kedah: Nutritional
status or socioeconomic background?
Ng BK1, Poh BK1 and Ng LO2
1Nutritional Sciences Programme; 2Health Psychology Programme; School of Healthcare
Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala
Lumpur
Previous research has shown that socioeconomic background and nutritional status
could play a role in determining the IQ of the children. This study aimed to identify the
predictors of IQ performance among primary school children in the Northern region of
Peninsular Malaysia. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children,
which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This
paper reports the results from 277 children, comprising 140 boys and 137 girls, aged 711 years from primary schools in Pokok Sena, Kedah and Penang. Socio-demographic
data was obtained from a parent-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric variables,
included body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), was compared with WHO
2007 growth reference. IQ was assessed using the Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices
(CPM). Subjects comprised 166 Malays and 111 Chinese with average z-score of weight-
LK
for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and BMI-for-age (BAZ) of 0.09 ± 1.57, -0.30 ± 0.99
and 0.38 ± 1.63, respectively. Mean IQ score was 101.8 ± 17.3 with those in urban areas
(106.5±16.4) having significantly higher (p<0.001) mean IQ scores than their rural
counterparts (93.8±15.9). Mean IQ score was significantly different between ethnicity
(p<0.001). Parental education level (χ=10.1, p<0.01) and maternal education level
(χ=12.4, p<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with children’s IQ. Household
income (r=0.262, p<0.001), number of children (r=-0.166, p<0.01) and HAZ (r=0.229,
p<0.001) were significantly correlated with IQ score. Although many variables were found
to be correlated or associated with IQ score, stepwise regression model showed that only
ethnicity (β=0.369, p<0.001), location (β=0.237, p<0.001) and maternal education level
(β=0.148, p<0.01) remained as significant predictors of children’s IQ. In this study,
socioeconomic background but not nutritional status appeared to be significant
predictors of children’s IQ score. These findings suggest the need for public health
policies to take a multifaceted approach to optimize childhood environments in order to
improve children’s cognitive development.
A34 Development and assessment of a printed educational
material entitled “Guide on breastfeeding: Facts vs myths” for
mothers-to-be in Kuala Lumpur
Ngew CY and Sameeha MJ
Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur.
The beliefs of mothers on myths or misconceptions on breastfeeding were found to be
influencing their acceptance to exclusively breastfeeding their infants. Therefore, this
study was aimed to develop an educational tool in the form of leaflet entitled “Guide on
breastfeeding: Facts vs myths” for mothers-to-be in order to educate and improve their
knowledge about breastfeeding. This study involved three phases; phase 1 was planning
and surveying; phase 2 was the development of printed educational material and phase 3
was the evaluation of the printed educational material. The evaluations were conducted
to assess subjects’ acceptance of the printed educational material (process evaluation)
and assess whether the printed educational material is effective in increasing subjects’
knowledge (impact evaluation). The phase 3 was carried out to 41 Malay pregnant
women. Pre-test questionnaire was given to subjects to assess the level of knowledge on
breastfeeding. The subjects were given one week to read and understand the leaflet
before post-test by using the similar set of knowledge questionnaire and the evaluation
form of contents, graphics and format of the leaflet. Subjects’ mean percentage
knowledge scores increased significantly (p<0.001) from 83.05 ± 13.13% during pre-test
to 94.27 ± 6.67% during post-test. For the acceptance level of the leaflet, the findings
showed that all subjects (100.0%) understood the contents of the leaflet. A total of 95.1%
(n=39) of subjects felt that pictures attached are important to increase the attractiveness
of the printed educational material and around 75.6% (n=31) stated that the pictures in
the leaflet given are attractive. Majority of subjects (97.0%) had intention to give
exclusive breastfeeding for six months to their infants after reading the leaflet. In
conclusion, the developed printed educational material was rated positively and effective
in increasing level of knowledge on breastfeeding among the pregnant mothers.
LL
A35 A qualitative study of cognitive development and
nutrition-related issues in Vietnamese children under three
years old
Nguyen TH1,2, Poh BK1, Ng LO1 & Deurenberg P3
1Nutritional
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam;
3National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Malnutrition in early years of life seriously affects cognitive development and thus the
future of young children. In 2010, Vietnam was reportedly among the top ten countries
in the world with the highest number of stunted children; whereas the proportion of
children with delayed cognitive development is 1.5 times higher among those
malnourished compared to their normal weight counterparts. The present study was
carried out with the aim of identifying nutrition-related issues likely influencing the
cognitive development in Vietnamese children aged 2-3 years. Based on formative research
result, 18 children were selected from 64 children with delayed development for a
qualitative in depth study to assess their eating habits and living environment for any
possible impact on cognitive development. The results of this qualitative research show
that the main reasons leading to delayed cognitive development are malnutrition,
economic status and living environment. As much as malnutrition is concerned, it is
caused firstly by improper and inadequate feeding by mothers where maternal food
decisions may have an effect on the balance of dietary intakes as children's food was
cooked with little or no vegetables and protein food. Secondly, malnutrition came from
loss of appetite. An observation on children’s eating habits shows that 15 out of 18
children had light meals about one to two hours before main meals. The third reason
was, according to health workers and community leaders, that mothers loved to see their
child grow ‘chubby’, and hence they tended to over-feed. This has led to obesity and
physical inactivity. Poverty was also indicated as a key risk to delayed cognitive
development in the health workers’ and community leaders’ opinion. However, there was
no difference between the two groups of children coming from poor and non-poor families
in most of the mother’s opinions on nutrition. Reason for the delayed development given
by parents was that they did not have enough time to take good care of the children’s
health and education because, in order to earn a living, mothers had to continue work
after only four months of maternal leave, in some cases even after two or three months.
Care giving was, instead, handed over to either the children’s grandparents, elder
siblings, or in families with better economic condition to house keepers. These caregivers, however, usually only took care of feeding, but not mental up-bringing. This
causes difficulties in children’s cognitive development in terms of problem-solving and
personal-social domains. In conclusion, malnutrition, inadequate vegetable and protein
in the diet and economic status were identified as nutrition-related factors affecting the
cognitive development of the child. Lack of time or care and attention for children can
also be reasons for cognitive underdevelopment resulting in children’s slow progress in
learning.
A36 Quality of life (QoL) between normal and obese school
children aged 10 and 11 years old in Malacca
Nik Normasitah NI, Noriza Zakaria and Ruzita Abd Talib.
Nutritional Science Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
DCC
The objective of this study was to compare quality of life between normal and obese
children in Malacca. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory PedsQL (Malay Version) version
4.0 was used in this study to measure health-related quality of life of the children. The
questionnaire was self-administered which completed by the parents and their children.
The questionnaires consisted of physical, social, emotional, and school functioning. The
total score of quality of life, physical and psychosocial will be derived from this
questionnaire. The study hypothesized that children with higher body mass index will
have lower score of health-related quality of life than the normal children. A total of 50
normal children and 89 obese children, aged 10 and 11 years old, which consisted of 68
girls, and 71 boys and 139 parents had completed the questionnaires. The results
showed that no significant differences found between score of physical, emotional,social,
school functioning, psyschosocial and also total score of QoL among the children.
However, the result showed that score of emotion was higher among normal
children(mean score 67.8±15.46) as compared to obese children(mean score
66.57±16.56). There was also no significant differences between score of
physical,emotional,social,school functioning,physichosocial and total score of QoL among
the parents, but the study have found that scores were higher among parents of normal
children than the parents of obese children. The study was also showed that parents
scored significantly lower than the children in physical, emotional, social, school
functioning, phsychosocial and total score of quality of life(p<0.05). However, there was a
weak positive correlation between children self-reported QoL score and BMI. In
conclusion, this study shows no significant difference between QoL of obese and normal
children, particularly in Malacca.
A37 Factors associated with body weight status of Malay
housewives in Perkampungan Sungai Isap Jaya, Kuantan,
Pahang
Noor Amelia Shahida J & Rokiah MY
Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang.
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the body weight status and factors related
to body weight status among 100 Malay housewives aged 25 to 50 years old in
Perkampungan Sungai Isap Jaya, Kuantan, Pahang. Information on socio-demographic,
and clinical history were obtained through face-to-face interview using pretested
questionnaire. Weight and height were measured using appropriate instruments and
standard procedures. Nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices regarding obesity
were assessed using a set of questionnaires. Assessment of physical activity was carried
out using 2 days physical activity record, while dietary intake was assessed using 2 days
food record. The results showed that the mean current BMI was 26.6 + 4.2 kg/m2.
Among them, 1.0% was underweight, 42.0% was normal weight, 35.0% were overweight
and 22.0% were obese. Most of them (77.0%) reported that they had no family history
with overweight and obese, while another 23% had family history. The mean score for
energy expenditure was 1715 + 274.2 kcal, which indicated that majority of them had
extremely sedentary (80.0%), followed by sedentary (17.0%) and moderate physical
activity level (3.0%). The mean total energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake were
1680.8 + 643.4 kcal/day, 205.4 + 79.9 g/day, 83.5 + 66.0 g/day and 57.7 + 24.7 g/day
respectively. The average score for knowledge, attitude and practices were 6.7 + 0.6, 28.4
+ 2.8 and 27.0 + 2.8 respectively. There were no significant association between sociodemographic [age, educational level, household income and number of children],
physical activity level, knowledge regarding obesity, attitude regarding obesity and body
weight status. However, there was positive and moderate relationship between total
DCD
energy intake and body weight status (r=0.418, p<0.01). On the other hand, a significant
but weak negative correlation (r= -0.204, p<0.05) was found between practices regarding
obesity and body weight status. In conclusion, body weight status could be influenced by
dietary intake and practices regarding obesity.
A38 Involvement in residential college activities: Does it
affect the nutritional status of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
students?
Noor Farhana N, Hamizah Y and Ruzita AT
Nutrition Science Programme, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty Health Sciences,
This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the
involvements of activities at the residential college and the nutritional status of Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur students. The study was also to identify
dietary habit of the students and to determine the availability of healthy food. A total 106
student (20.8% male and 79.2% female) of second to fourth year of UKM Kuala Lumpur
were selected by using convenient sampling. Student’s food intake data were collected by
using three day food diary and analysed using Nutritionist Pro software.
The involvement in college activities and the availability of healthy food were
determined by specific questionnaire, which were developed for this study.
Weight, height, waist circumference, percentage of body fat and body mass
index was also measured using standard procedures. The study showed that
majority
of
the
students (62.3%)
is actively involved
in residential
college activities. Among the students that are actively involved in residential
college activities, 24.2% are underweight, 59.1% are in the range of normal
weight, 12.1% are overweight, 3% are obese class one and 1.5% are obese class
two. Through the evaluation of student’s eating habits and the availability of healthy
food, the result showed majority of students have a good dietary pattern. There
was a significant difference between the intakes of energy, macronutrients and
micronutrients
with
the
involvement
of
college activities that
are
less than three hours and more than three hours (p<0.05). There was a strong
correlation between average energy intakes (r=0.464, p<0.01), fat (r=0.400, p<0.01),
carbohydrate (r=0.461, p<0.01), vitamin A (r=0.352, p<0.01) and vitamin E (r=0.327,
p<0.05) with body mass index. Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) achievement of
energy intake, calcium, zinc, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin
E were higher among the students that involved in college activities less than
three hours compared to those who involved in college activities more than
three hours. In conclusion, involvement in residential college activities does affect the
nutritional status of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia students. Students’ quality diet
should go hand in hand with the involvement of college activities in order to have
a balance and healthy lifestyle.
DCE
A39 Physical activity levels among healthy pregnant and
gestational diabetic women
Noor Khalijah MK, M Marhazlina, See-Ling Loy and Hamid Jan JM
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Physical activity (PA) has been proven to have beneficial effect in controlling
hyperglycemia among gestational diabetic women (GDM). Given that GDM is associated
with substantial adverse effects for both mother and offspring, thus measuring the effect
is important to assess risk of GDM. Hence, the aim of the study was to compare the
physical activity levels between healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetic women.
This case-control study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology (O&G) Clinic,
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) which was included 84 healthy women and
29 gestational diabetic women. Pregnant women who were at their third trimester were
interviewed to complete the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
for pregnancy. The results showed the median of total PA levels for healthy pregnant and
gestational diabetic women were 362.25 (IQR=851.25) MET-minute/week and 478.00
(IQR=564.00) MET-minute/week, respectively. 51.7% healthy women and 65.5% of GDM
women have low score for PA levels. However, there was no significant difference of PA
levels between healthy and gestational diabetic women (P>0.05). In conclusion, majority
of pregnant women were physically inactive regardless of health status.
A40 Pedometer-determined physical activity and its
relationship with weight status among primary school
children in Sabah
Noorashikin R1, Poh BK1, Ong WW1, Nor Aini J1, Ismail MN2
1School
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health
Sciences, UniSZA, Kuala Terengganu
A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess physical activity level in primary
school children and its relationship with their weight status. This study is part of the
Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part of the four-country South East
Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 61 boys and 91
girls aged 7 to 12 years old recruited from rural and urban areas in Sabah.
Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, fat percentage, and waist
circumference (WC). Physical activity level was determined by the objective pedometer
method and questionnaire, which included television viewing and screen time. Results
showed that a total of 14 subjects (6.6% boys and 11.0% girls) met or exceeded the BMIreferenced recommendation (mean steps count/day) of 15000 for boys, and 12000 for
girls. Children who did not achieve the pedometer recommendations had higher BMI and
WC, which were 17.94 ± 4.52 kgm-2 vs 16.41 ± 1.92 kgm-2, and 60.03 ± 11.05 cm vs
55.36 ± 4.43 cm, respectively,; compared to those meeting the recommendations.
Children attained significantly higher (p<0.001) mean steps count/day during weekdays
(9522 ± 3291) compared with weekends (8058 ± 3980); with boys recording higher
pedometer steps count/day than girls (10600 ± 3427 vs 8774 ± 2988; p<0.01). Mean
daily steps count/day values were 10400 ± 2090, 9305 ± 2300 and 7652 ± 2966 for
under-weight, normal-weight and overweight girls, respectively. Children in rural areas
(9990 ± 2711) attained significantly higher (p<0.01) daily steps count/day compared to
urban areas (9487 ± 2989). Screen time (hour/day) was negatively correlated only with
steps count among girls during weekends (r= -0.361, p<0.001). In conclusion, children
DCF
who spent less time watching television, and rural children were more physically active;
while, those with less steps count per day were more likely to be overweight. Since only a
small proportion of children met the recommended steps count per day, it is imperative
that active outdoor programmes be introduced in and outside of school, and physical
activity inculcated in order to achieve the desired health status.
A41 Comparison of skinfold thickness (SKF), bioelectrical
impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy x-ray
absorptiometry (DXA) in assessing body fat of Malay children
age 8-11 years old
Noradilah MJ1, Poh BK1, Nor Azmi K2, Ismail MN3 and Deurenberg P4
1Nutritional
Sciences Programme, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia; 3Department of health sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin; 4National University of Singapore
Methods of measuring body fat and its distribution are important because adiposity is a
more important health risk indicator than excess body mass. The aim of this crosssectional study was to compare SKF and BIA against DXA in assessing body fat of Malay
children aged 8-11 years old. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian
Children, which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey
(SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 160 children (77 boys, 83 girls) were
assessed for body fat percentage (BF %) using the three methods: SKF, BIA and DXA,
where DXA served as the criterion method. Four SKF prediction equations (SKFBray,
SKFJohnston, SKFSlaughter and SKFGoran) and three BIA prediction equations (BIAHoutkooper,
BIARush and BIAKushner) were used to calculate BF% of the subjects. Independent T-tests
were performed to examine the difference between the sexes and Bland-Altman plots
were used to see the agreement between methods. Mean weight and height of all subjects
were 30.5±9.9 kg and 131.3±8.4 cm, respectively; with girls (33.4±7.6%) having
significantly higher BF% measured by DXA compared with boys (29.8±8.3%). All the SKF
equations and BIA equations significantly underestimated BF% (p<0.05). The best
agreement for SKF method was for SKFJohnston equation but it also gave the highest bias
for BF% estimate; since it underestimated BF% by 14.6% as compared to the other SKF
equations (which underestimated BF% by 6.4%-9.5%). A trend could be seen with the
other SKF prediction equations where it is dependent on BF%. All three BIA prediction
equations gave a good agreement with DXA and were independent of BF%; with BIAKushner
being the best equation as it had the narrowest limits of agreement. Although BIA
produced good agreement with DXA, SKF had a narrower range and smaller values of
standard deviation (SD) for bias (2.7-3.7%) compared to BIA (3.9-5.3%), which means
that values for SKF estimate of BF% is closely related from one equation to another, and
have lower bias compared to BIA. SKF also had higher correlation (r value ranging from
0.913-0.948) than BIA (r value ranging from 0.817-0.878) with DXA. However, none of
the four SKF prediction equations gave good agreement to DXA, suggesting the need to
develop a new equation that is population specific. In conclusion, taking into
consideration the SD for bias and correlation to DXA, SKF seems to be the better method
in estimating BF%.
DCG
A42 Relationship between socio demography and nutritional
status with iron and vitamin A status among children in
Kelantan and Terengganu
Norazida AB1, Nik Shanita S1, Poh Bee Koon1 and Siti Balkis B2
1School of Healthcare Sciences; 2Schools of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty
of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Anaemia and vitamin A deficiency are the most prevalent nutritional problems in
developing countries. This cross-sectional study aimed to study the relationship between
socio demographic factors and nutritional status with iron and vitamin A status among
primary school children. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian
Children, which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey
(SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 88 children aged between 7 to 12 years
studying in primary schools in rural (Kuala Berang) and urban (Kota Bahru) areas of the
East Coast Region of Peninsular Malaysia. A questionnaire was used to determine socio
demographic profiles and nutritional status assessment included weight and height
measurements. Blood samples were collected and tested for haemoglobin, ferritin,
transferrin, serum iron, transferrin saturation and serum retinol levels. Mean age was
10.35 ± 1.31 years, BMI 17.16 ± 3.69 kg/m2, haemoglobin 127.43 ± 8.73 g/L, and serum
retinol 1.12 ± 0.35 µmol/L. Prevalence of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency were 8.0%
and 6.8% respectively. Height (r=0.370), weight (r=0.388), age (r=0.265), BMI (r=0.363),
haemoglobin (r=0.310), serum iron (r=0.254) and ferritin (p=0.218) were all positively
correlated (p<0.05) with serum retinol level. An increase of 1 kg of weight led to an
increase of 0.42 µmol/L in serum retinol level (OR: 0.42; 95% CI:0.007,0.020) and for
every 1 µmol/L increase of serum iron, there was 0.22 µmol/L increase in serum retinol
level (OR: 0.22; 95% CI:0.002,0.027). Height (r=0.385), serum retinol (r=0.310), age
(r=0.292), number of siblings (r=-0.322), weight (r=0.291) and transferrin (r=0.277) were
all correlated (p<0.01) with haemoglobin level. An increase of 1 cm of height led to an
increase of 0.43 g/L in haemoglobin level (OR: 0.43; 95% CI:0.219,0.552) and for every
unit less in the number of siblings, there was 0.37 g/L increase in haemoglobin level
(OR: -0.37; 95% CI:-2.154,-0.730). In conclusion, socio demography and nutritional
status were related to vitamin A and iron status and these findings suggest that
programmes designed to overcome anaemia should also aim to improve vitamin A status
in this population.
A43 Assessment of nutritional status and its relationship
with self-reported sleep quality among bus drivers in Selangor
Norazlinda ZA1, Barakatun Nisak MY1 and Kulanthayan KC2
1Department
Putra Malaysia, Selangor; 2Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor.
Low sleep quality is recognized to be among the most important causative factors in road
crashes. While poor sleep quality is a common complaint amongst obese individuals, the
relationship between sleep quality and other measures of nutritional status has not been
systematically explored. Therefore, this cross sectional study was conducted to
determine the relationship between nutritional status and self-reported sleep quality
among bus drivers in Selangor. Nutritional measurements include anthropometry and
dietary intake assessment while self-reported sleep quality was assessed by using the
DCH
Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Information related to socio-demographic characteristics such
as working experience and their physical activity level was obtained. A total of fifty
drivers (n=50) consisted of all males with their mean age of 41.32±9.51 years, working
experience of 10.84±9.57 years and travel distance of 3769.20±1826.05 km/week
participated in the study. The mean score for self-reported sleep quality was 7.29±3.99
which indicates that in overall, subjects had moderate sleep quality with majority of
them tend to experience daytime sleepiness. The mean Body Mass Index were 28.61±5.2
kgm-2 with 48% and 32% of the subjects were overweight and obese respectively.
Subjects consumed excessive energy and fat intake (Mean En= 2849±5601.95 kcal/day
%En from fat= 33± 7.96 %) when compared with recommendations. The mean of physical
activity level were 1015.10 ± 1508.42 MET-min/week with half of them categorized as
having low physical activity level. There were statistically significant relationship between
age and self-reported sleep quality (p=0.006; r=-0.384), and between travel distance and
self-reported sleep quality (p=0.020; r=0.328). Nevertheless, no relationship was observed
between any measures of nutritional status and self-reported sleep quality. In
conclusions, older age and long-distance bus drivers were associated with low selfreported sleep quality but not with any measures of nutritional status. It is worth noting,
however that overweight and obesity were highly prevalent in this population with
majority of them had unfavorable dietary intake and lead a sedentary lifestyle. This
group may present a window of opportunity for future intervention and health promotion
program.
A44 Construct validity and reliability of Malaysian Coping
Strategy Instrument to measure household food insecurity in two
different studies in Peninsular Malaysia
Norhasmah S1,2, Zalilah MS3, Mohd Nasir MT3, Kandiah M3, Asnarulkhadi AS4
1Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human
Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; 2Centre of
Excellence for Sustainable Consumption, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; 3Department of Nutrition and
Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; 4Department of Social and Development Sciences,
Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor,
Malaysia.
The objectives of these studies were to study the construct validity and internal
consistency reliability of the Malaysian Coping Strategy Instrument (MCSI) to measure
household food insecurity. In study 1, a cross sectional research design was conducted
among welfare recipient households in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. Construct
validity of MCSI (i.e. food- and non-food coping strategies) was assessed utilizing factor
analysis. Items-to total correlation (ITC) and internal consistency reliability for food-(12
items) non-food coping strategies (15 items) subscales were assessed using Conbrach α.
In study 2, a cross sectional research design was conducted among socio-economically
diverse population in Kelantan, Malaysia. Items-to total correlation (ITC) and internal
consistency were used to assess reliability of MCSI. Based on results from study 1, factor
analysis revealed four dimensions of food-related coping strategies i.e. adopt socially
inappropriate food strategies (social aspect), manage insufficient food supply (food
quantity), alter food use and purchase (food quality) and reduce food anxiety (food
anxiety) identified from study 1. The sufficient variance (50.80%) was explained by
four dimensions. Factor analysis also revealed five dimensions of non-food related
coping strategies; clothes purchasing behaviors, delay bill payments and increase cash,
DCI
borrow money, change spending strategies, as well as adjust expenditure and income
earning. The five dimensions accounted for 54.17% of the total variance. Three items of
food- and eight items of non-food related coping strategies with low ITC (r<0.2). Internal
consistency of food and non-food related coping strategies were 0.505 and 0.527. Results
from study 2 revealed that one item of food- and eight items of non-food related coping
strategies with low ITC (r<0.2). The internal consistency of the food-related coping
strategies items had an acceptable internal consistency (α=0.719). After deleting the eight
items of non-food related coping strategies with low ITC (r<0.2), the Cronbach’s alpha
was 0.659. In conclusions, the food and non-food related coping strategies was found to
be a reliable and valid measure of household food insecurity based on construct validity
and internal consistency. More validating work in other areas of Malaysia is needed to
establish validity and reliability of MCSI before it is used to measure household food
insecurity.
A45 Stages of change for physical activity in relation with
sociodemographic factors, body weight status and physical
activity level among Malaysian men in Klang Valley
Suraya I1, Norimah AK1, Ng LO2 and Wan Zurinah WN3
1Nutrition
Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia;
Psychology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia;
3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2Health
This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the stages of change for physical
activity among men and to evaluate its association to sociodemographic backgrounds,
body weight status and physical activity level. 235 Malay and 240 Chinese men aged 20
to 59 years participated in this study. Data was collected using a questionnaire which
included sociodemographic characteristics, the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Stages of Change (SOC) for Regular Physical Activity
Questionnaire. The SOC questionnaire categorized the participants into five stages;
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. Weight, height
and waist circumference were measured. Most participants were married (60.9%), have
secondary education (51.4%) and monthly household income between RM1500 and
RM3500 (41.3%). The mean height, weight, BMI and waist circumference were 168.1 ±
6.1 cm, 70.8 ± 13.3 kg, 25.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2, and 88.9 ± 10.6 cm respectively. 33.5% and
12.6% were overweight and obese respectively, while 45.9% were centrally obese. A total
of 32.4% of the participants had low physical activity level, while 43.8% and 23.8% were
in the moderate and high physical activity categories respectively. One in four (23%)
participants was thinking of making a change in physical activity, 21.1% were in the
preparation stage, while the remaining were already physically active. More Chinese
participants (Χ2 = 11.191, p<0.05), and those who were in the higher physical activity
level (Χ2 = 136.601, p<0.001) were in maintenance stage. On the other hand, older
participants (Χ2 = 59.667, p<0.001), and those with higher household income (Χ2 =
19.163, p<0.05) were either in the maintenance stage or in the precontemplation stage.
However, educational level and BMI did not influence participants’ stage of change. In
conclusion, ethnicity, age, monthly household income and physical activity level were
associated with stages of change for physical activity. Further studies should be
conducted in a larger population which includes both men and women to determine the
difference of stages of change by gender.
DCJ
A46 Nutrition knowledge, physical activity, dietary intake
and body weight status among teachers in Petaling District,
Selangor
Nur Huda AR & Mohd Nasir MT
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor
This cross-sectional study of 170 teachers determined the association between sociodemographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, physical activity level, and dietary
intake with body weight status among female secondary school teachers in Petaling
district, Selangor. A set of self-administered questionnaire comprising questions on
socio-demographic background, basic nutrition knowledge, body weight management
knowledge, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and breakfast frequency
was used for data collection. Data on dietary intake was gathered through face- to-face
interview for 24 hour dietary recall. About eighty-seven percent (87.1%) of the
respondents were Malay, 8.8% were Chinese, and 4.1% were Indian. A majority of the
respondents were 20 to 34 (52.9%) years old, and have high household income exceeding
RM4001 (71.2%). Most respondents (93.5%) had high basic nutrition knowledge, but
89.4% had either moderate or low body weight management knowledge. The mean
energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intakes of the respondents were 1459±431
Kcal/day, 184.4±68.0g, 63.9±22.9g, and 47.1±19.3g respectively. About 32.4% were
categorized as breakfast skippers, 12.4% abdominally obese, 27.6% and 11.2% were
overweight and obese based on their body mass index. This study found significant
associations between age (r=0.342, p<0.0001), household income (r=0.236, p=0.002),
household size (r=0.261, p=0.001), total energy intake (r=0.168, p=0.029), and total
calories from carbohydrate (r=0.19, p=0.013) with body weight status of the teachers.
This study also found no significant association between nutrition knowledge and
physical activity with body weight status. Multiple linear regression analysis showed age,
ethnicity (Chinese), and total calories from carbohydrate explained about 18.8% of
variance in body weight status (F=12.803, p˂ 0.001). Healthy lifestyle intervention
programs focusing on body weight management should be planned and implemented for
these teachers.
A47 Body image perception, self-esteem and weight
reduction behaviour among overweight and obese adults
Nur Izzati I1, Zahara BAM1, Suzana S1, Roslee R1, Norhayati I2 & Noor Hasnani I1
1Nutritional
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2Health Psychology Programme, School of Healthcare
Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the association between self-esteem
and body image perception. Overweight and obese Malay employees in Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) were recruited using convenience sampling method.
Respondents were required to answer questionnaire on socio-demographic status,
nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), Stunkard’s Figure Rating Scale,
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and weight reduction methods was used. Anthropometric
measurements of weight, height and waist circumference were taken. A total of 79
respondents (males=9; females=70) aged between 25 to 56 years old completed the study.
Mean BMI and waist circumference were 31.7±5.2 kg/m2 and 92.4±11.9 cm respectively.
DCK
The mean score for Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were 18.9±3.5, with 88.6% (n=70) of
subject has normal self-esteem while only 8.9% (n=9) has low self-esteem. Mean score for
body image dissatisfaction was 4.3±1.7, while mean score for KAP was 71.9±10.8. There
was no significant correlation between self-esteem score and body mass index (p=0.482).
However, there was a significant but weak correlation (r=0.23; p=0.040) between selfesteem and KAP. Self-esteem score and body image dissatisfaction score was
significantly negative correlated (r=-0.364; p=0.001). Self-esteem score and the frequency
weight reduction attempts was not significantly associated (p=0.602). Most of the female
subjects (45.7%) reported that they started to become overweight and obese from the age
of 18 to 29, while male subjects from the age of 30 to 39 (55.6%). Mean frequency of
weight loss attempt in the previous year was 1 time for males and 2 times for females.
Almost half of the subjects (41.3%) reported that the major barrier to reduce their weight
was to control their appetite. The most popular dietary modification methods used by
subjects were increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables (87.3%), decreasing the
intake of sweetened foods and drinks (78.5%), reducing the intake of high fat food and
amount of food consumption (70.9%). skipping meals (62.0%) and enduring hunger
(30.3%). Weight reduction methods used by subjects include exercising (59.5%), fasting
(51.9%), diet monitoring (41.8%), self consumed slimming tea (34.2%), traditional
medicine (16.5%), diet milkshake (15.2%), resonance machine (13.9%), diet pills (13.9%)
and spa (11.4%). In conclusion, workplace health promotion programmes targeting on
correcting negative body image perception and adopting healthy eating behavior is
recommended to achieve healthy body weight status.
A48 Development and evaluation of healthy eating out
booklet for working adults
Nur Nadia Z & Zahara BAM
Eating out has become more popular lately especially among working adults. However
the increase trend in consumption of food prepared away from home has contributed to
the raise in chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The objective of this study is
to develop a healthy eating out booklet for working adults as a nutrition education
material for healthy eating out. This study was done in 3 phases. Phase one:
Development of healthy eating out booklet. In this phase, interviews were conducted
towards 50 respondents to develop a food list of the most popular food while eating out.
A 59 page A6 size (148 x 105 mm) booklet consisting of 38 food item was developed
based on the most frequent food consume while eating out and various healthy eating
guidelines. Phase two: Content validity was conducted by 8 health professionals to
validate the suitability and understanding of booklet content. Phase three: Evaluation of
booklet was done by 23 subjects aged 21-56 years. Mean score of 3.90±0.378 for overall
booklet evaluation regarding content and illustrations was good (Range; 3.0-4.0=Good). A
total of 78.3% (n=18) were satisfied with the food list in the booklet. 93.1% (n=21) agreed
that the food list in the booklet was relevant as a guide for eating out. 83.6% (n=19)
would like to own and use the booklet as a healthy eating out guide. Overall, the booklet
was accepted as a nutrition education material and can be used as a guide for healthy
eating out.
DCL
A49 Mandatory iodine fortification in bread: Is it enough to
eliminate iodine deficiency in New Zealand?
Nurul Husna MS1,2 and Brough L1
1Institute
of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, New Zealand.
of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
2Department
Iodine deficiency (ID) is reemerging in New Zealand (NZ), which has led to the
government to implement the mandatory addition of iodized salt into bread. The aim of
this study is to assess iodine status and intake of women of childbearing-age in
Palmerston North, NZ. Fifty participants completed a semi-quantitative food-frequencyquestionnaire (FFQ) and provided a 24-hour urine sample. Iodine was analyzed using
inductive-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Iodine intake was estimated based on the
assumption that 90% of total dietary intake is excreted in urine. The median urinary
iodine concentration (UIC) was 64.71 mcg/l, indicating that the study population was
mildly iodine deficient. The estimated iodine intake based on the iodine excretion was
129.8 mcg/day; achieving the Estimate Average Requirement. Milk contributed highest
(35.6%) to iodine intake, followed by bread (24.6%), fish/seafood (15%) and eggs (13.8%).
Bread prior to fortification was estimated to contribute only 7.6% of total dietary iodine
intake, and this percentage increased over three-fold to 24.6% post-fortification. The
overall results showed an improved iodine status and intake compared to previous
studies done in NZ. However, based on the individual iodine status, the majority of
participants were still iodine deficient, categorised as marginal (30%), mild (30%) and
moderate (10%). When the current median UIC was compared to the median UIC
reported in the 2008/09 NZANS, the increment is only about 25%; which is far below the
projected increment of approximately 105%, or 84 mcg/day. In conclusion, the
mandatory iodine fortification may improve iodine status but may not fully eliminate ID
in NZ. Further research is required to investigate the effectiveness of iodine-fortified
bread in increasing the iodine intake of the NZ population.
A50 The built environment, nutritional status, functional
status and quality of life of Malays elderly in Cheras Kuala
Lumpur
Oh YM1, Suzana S1 and NG TP2
1School
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of
Singapore
The built environment is a contextual factor that fundamentally influences physical
functioning, nutritional status and quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to
investigate the relationship between the built environment, functional status, nutritional
status and quality of life of elderly people in low cost residential area in Cheras Kuala
Lumpur. Subject were interviewed to obtain data on built environment which consist of
home environment, community environment and neighborhood satisfaction, Short-form
health survey (SF-36), Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF),
Malnutrition Risk Screening Tool (MRST-C), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living
(IADL). Subjects were also measured for anthropometry and handgrip strength to
measure the built environment, quality of life, nutritional status and functional status
respectively. A total of 76 elderly Malays (72.4% women) participated with mean age of
DDC
66.9 + 4.2 for men and 65.8 + 4.19 for women respectively. Poor neighbourhood built
environment (IV) (R2=22.1%, p<0.05) was associated with difficulty in walking (DV) (r=0.379, p<0.05), decreased social function (DV) (r=0.316, p<0.01), and risk of malnutrition
(DV) (r=0.277, p<0.05). Poor home environment (IV) (R2=17.2%, p<0.05) was associated
with decreased IADL score (DV) (r= 0.306, p<0.01), and emotional well-being (DV)
(r=0.351, p<0.01). Accessibility in community (IV) (R2 =13.3%, p<0.05) was associated
with low MRST-C score (DV) (r=-0.293, p<0.05), decreased social function (DV) (r=0.291,
p<0.05), and physical function (DV) (r=0.228, p<0.05). In conclusion, built environment
is associated with mobility, functional status, emotional well being and risk of
malnutrition. There is a need to improve built environment of elderly in order to promote
quality of life, nutritional status and functional status of elderly people.
A51 Depressive symptoms among community-dwelling
Chinese elderly in Mambang Diawan, Kampar, Perak: The
relationship between physical activity and anthropometric
status
Ong ML & Siti Nur’Asyura A
Depression is the most common and frequent cause of emotional suffering in later life
which affects health and quality of life of older people. A cross-sectional study was
conducted to determine the relationship between physical activity and anthropometric
status with depressive symptoms among community-dwelling Chinese elderly aged 60
years and above in Mambang Diawan, Kampar. A total of 152 respondents (males=81;
females=71) aged between 60 to 84 years old (mean age 67±6.49) were recruited by
simple random sampling and house-to-house visit method. Data on socio-demographic
background, health characteristics, health seeking behavior, social and psychological
characteristics, physical activity level and anthropometric measurement were collected
using face-to-face interview with administered questionnaires. Hodkinson Abbreviated
Mental test was used to test the cognitive function of the elderly and exclude those with
scores more than 8. The 14-items Malay-Geriatric Depression Scale-14 (M-GDS-14) was
used in this study and scoring of 8 and above indicated presence of depressive
symptoms. Physical activity level was assessed using International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ). Assessment of weight, height, arm span, waist circumference and
percentage body fat mass were obtained. The prevalence of presence of depressive
symptoms among the respondents was 14.5%. Almost 55% were classified as overweight
and obesity, while 44.7% were normal BMI and 0.7% were underweight. Results showed
that male respondents who with depressive symptoms had higher BMI compared those
who were without depressive symptoms (p<0.05). Majority of the respondent (88.8%) had
moderate and high physical activity level. The respondents with depressive symptoms
reported lower total MET-min/week than those without depressive symptoms for both
gender (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship found between BMI categories,
waist circumference and percentage of body fat mass with presence of depressive
symptoms. However, significant relationship found between physical activity level
(χ2=13.31, p<0.05) with presence of depressive symptoms. In conclusion, more future
studies may focus on relationship between these variables among other ethnics and
other regions in order to improve quality of life among Malaysian elderly.
DDD
A52 Malnutrition risk and its association with functional and
psychosocial status among elderly Malays in Felda Sungai
Tengi, Selangor
Por CB1, Suzana S1 and Normah CD2
1School
Malaysia; 2Health Psychology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia.
Malnutrition is a common phenomenon among elderly. However, little is known about its
association with functional and psychosocial status among elderly in Felda settlements.
Thus, this cross sectional study was conducted to assess the malnutrition risk and to
determine its association with functional and psychosocial status among elderly Malays
in Felda Sungai Tengi, Selangor. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF)
and Malnutrition Risk Screening Tool for Community (MRST-C) were used to assess the
malnutrition risk. Anthropometric assessments including weight, height, waist
circumference, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and calf circumference (CC) were
measured. Body composition was assessed using Bioimpedence Analysis (BIA).
Functional status were determined using Instrumental Activities of Living (IADL), Elderly
Mobility Scale (EMS) and handgrip strength. Mini Mental Status Test (MMSE), Geriatric
Depression Scale (GDS) and De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale were used to identify
cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and loneliness status of respondents,
respectively. A total of 160 respondents (men=36.2%) participated in the study, with
mean age of 66.8 ± 3.6 for men and 63.9 ± 3.6 for women. A total of 42.5% of
respondents were at risk of malnutrtion as assessed using MNA-SF. Men had a higher
IADL scores (p<0.05), handgrip strength (p<0.001) and MMSE scores (p<0.05) compared
to women. The mean scores of IADL and EMS were lower in respondents at risk of
malnutrition, compared to those who were not at high risk (p<0.05 for both parameters).
Pearson and Spearman correlation tests have shown that malnutrition risk as assessed
using MNA-SF have significant correlation with age (r=-0.186, p<0.05), IADL (r=0.305,
p<0.001), handgrip strength (r=0.182, p<0.05), EMS (r=0.182, p<0.05), GDS (r=-0.275,
p<0.001), MMSE (r=0.225, p<0.05) and loneliness (r=-0.197, p<0.05). Multiple linear
regression shown that 19.7% of malnutrition risk is associated with depression and
decreased functional status as assessing using IADL. In conclusion, malnutrition risk is
associated with functional and psychosocial status of respondents. There is a need to
incorporating psychosocial aspect such as depression and also functional status in
nutrition intervention programmes or measures.
A53 Factors affecting anemia during pregnancy in Kulim,
Kedah
Sulhariza Husni Zain1, Zainal Che Mee1, Sharifah Hildah Shahab1 , Mariam
Ahmad1, Norpishah A. Razak1, Noraini Omar1, Azizah A. Rahman1, Norlia A.
Karim1, Maznah Din1, Norma Jauhari1, Rebecca Rayapan1 and Faizal Ibrahim2
1District
Health Office, Kulim, Kedah; 2District Health Office, Seberang Prai Selatan, Pulau
Pinang
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the common
characteristics of women having anemia during pregnancy in Kulim. A total of 499
mothers with at least one episode of hemoglobin (Hb) level reached <11gm/dL who
attended one of the 31 health clinics in Kulim was involved. Relevant data was obtained
DDE
from the antenatal records (KIK/1(b)/96) and guided questionnaires. When anemia was
first diagnosed, as classified by WHO it was found that 94.3% (n=467) of the samples
were mild anemia (Hb 9-<11gm/dL). Most of the samples were iron deficiency anemia
(IDA). At 36±1 week of pregnancy, 35.3% (n=176) of the samples managed to increase the
Hb to normal level (Hb ≥11gm/dL). The prevalence was higher in young adult group,
secondary education group, with household income <RM 2000.00, household size 5-8
persons, having normal BMI during pre-pregnancy and multigravidas/paras. There were
3.0% (n=15) of the samples delivered premature baby where 86.7% (n=13) of them were
mild anemia during first diagnosed. Meanwhile, 4.8% (n=24) of the samples delivered
SGA baby with the least weight was 880g. However, these data was not found to be
correlated with Hb status of the samples. After multiple linear regression analysis, Hb
value when first diagnosed, total household income, percapita household income, POG
when booking, ethnicity, religion and education level were found to be significant with
Hb status at 36±1 week of pregnancy. As a conclusion, socioeconomic status is the main
factor affecting Hb level during pregnancy in Kulim. This result is helpful in intervention
plan to overcome anemia problem among pregnant women. Further study on food intake
pattern among anemic mother is recommended to get better perspective on the
household food security of anemic mothers despite having various treatment and
intervention to overcome anemia.
A54 Skeletal muscle mass, functional status and physical
activity level among the older adults aged 60 years and above
Tang SY and Zaitun Y
The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between skeletal muscle
mass, functional status and physical activity level among the older adults aged 60 years
and above in Sri Petaling Senior Citizen Club. A total of 142 respondents (males=65,
females=77) aged 60 - 82 years old was recruited through convenience sampling. The
socio-demographic background, physical activity level, and functional status of the
respondents were obtained through face to face interview. Body composition, handgrip
strength and anthropometric measurements were obtained using appropriate
instruments and standard procedures. The skeletal muscle mass of the respondents
were calculated using the prediction equation by Janssen et al. (2002). Data were
analyzed using SPSS Version 17.0. The result showed that the skeletal muscle mass was
significantly higher (t=23.24, p<0.01) in males (24.27±2.04 kg) compared to the females
(15.66±2.32 kg). Based on the skeletal muscle index (SMI), 59.2% and 5.6% of the
respondents were classified with Class I and Class II sarcopenia, respectively. There
were significant and positive correlations of skeletal muscle mass with handgrip strength
(r=0.445, p<0.001), body weight (r=0.668, p<0.001), height (r=0.758, p<0.001), body
mass index (BMI) (r=0.222, p<0.01) and fat free mass (r=0.937, p<0.001). On the other
hand, skeletal muscle masswas significantly and negatively correlated with functional
status (IADL) (r=-0.181, p<0.05) and body fat percentage (r=- 0.525, p<0.001).
Sarcopenia status was significantly associated with age groups (χ2=6.446, p=0.032) but
not with gender (χ2=0.286, p>0.05). In conclusion, there were a high proportion of the
older adults who were at risk of sarcopenia or loss of muscle mass. With advancing age,
further decline in skeletal muscle mass will affect the functional status and physical
activity level of older adults. Therefore, appropriate intervention program or activities
need to be formulated and provided to those who are at risk.
DDF
A55 Nutritional status of children in food basket program
Tengku Fatimatul TH1 and Noran H2
1Pengkalan
Chepa Health Clinic; 2Kota Bharu Health District Office
Food Basket Program was launched in 1989 to increase health and nutritional status of
underweight children. Children who fit in the eligible criteria will receive a monthly food
basket to help them achieve optimum physical and mental growth. The objective of this
cross sectional study is to describe and evaluate the effect of food basket program on the
nutritional status of children in Kota Bharu. Data collected included age, weight and
height. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness according to BMI for age
were based on WHO child growth standards 2006. A total of 65 children were involved.
The mean of weight, height and BMI increased after food basket received. The mean of
WAZ, HAZ and BMI-for-age z score also closer to the reference median than before. There
is a significant different in mean of weight (95% CI: 2.71, 3.47), height (12.7, 16.04),
WAZ (0.01, 0.69) and HAZ (0.34, 0.72) among the children. However, there is no
significance different in BMI-for-age z score. The food basket program thus resulted in
reduction of prevalence of severe underweight and stunting from 60.0% (39) to 32.3%
(21) and from 49.2% (32) to 29.2% (19) respectively. The prevalence of severe thinness
according to BMI for age was also decreased from 21.5% (14) to 12.3% (8). As a
conclusion, food basket program had successfully helping these underweight children
improved their nutritional status by increased weight, height, WAZ and HAZ; and
reduced the prevalence of severe underweight, stunting and thinness according to BMIfor-age. For recommendations, a state wide study should be conducted to give a full
description and evaluation the effect of food basket program. Introduction of Ready-ToUse Food Therapeutics to severe underweight children also should be considered to
minimise consumption of food by individuals other than the intended recipients.
A56 Relationship of nutritional and iron status with
cognitive function among preschoolers in Sabah, Malaysia
Thirukkanesh S, Norimah AK, Poh BK and Ng LO
It has been suggested that nutritional status and iron status affect children’s cognitive
function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional
status and iron status of children aged 4 to 6 years with their cognitive function. This
study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part of the fourcountry South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports the results
from 162 preschool children in Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Penampang and Tuaran, Sabah.
Socio-demography of the children was determined through SES questionnaire. Body
height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated and compared
with WHO (2006; 2007). Blood profiles including hemoglobin and serum ferritin level
were determined in a subsample of 43 children. Cognitive function was assessed by
using Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (R-CPM) and the final raw score was adjusted
for age and categorized into low, average and high scores based on R-CPM norm table.
Majority of the children were boys (n=84; 51.9%) and were Sabah Bumiputras (n=112;
69.1%) such as Kadazan, Dusun and Bajau. Mean age was 5.61 ± 0.63 years old, weight
19.7 ± 4.7 kg and height 110.6 ± 5.8 cm. Prevalence of stunting was 3.7% (n=6),
underweight 5.5% (n=9), wasting 2.5% (n=4), overweight 10.5% (n=17) and obesity at
11.7% (n=19). Mean hemoglobin and ferritin was 123.5 ± 10.5 g/L and 45.8 ± 25.1 µg/L
DDG
respectively. Prevalence of anemia was 18.6% (n=8) while iron deficiency was 2.3% (n=1).
Majority of the children were in the high cognitive function category (n=80; 49.4%),
followed by average (n=72; 44.4%) and low (n=10; 6.2%). Significant differences (p<0.05)
in cognitive function were found between gender, with boys (110±14) performing better
than girls (105±13). Weight (p=0.579), BMI for age (p=0.857), weight for age (p=0.771)
and height for age (p=0.265) were not correlated with cognitive function. Only height
(r=0.165; p<0.05) and hemoglobin level (r=0.334; p<0.05) were significantly correlated
with cognitive function score. Children of father’s with tertiary education (110±15 vs
106±13) (p<0.05) and children from public preschools (116±10 vs 106±14) (p<0.001) had
higher cognitive function scores than their counterparts. In conclusion, this study shows
that there is relationship between iron status and cognitive function scores of
preschoolers in Sabah whereas nutrition status was not. As such, appropriate
intervention strategies focusing on iron intake should be taken to further enhance
Sabahan preschooler’s cognitive development and general wellbeing.
A57 Physical activity levels among children: Comparison of
objectively-measured versus self-reported questionnaire
methods
Wee BS1,2, Poh BK1, Bulgiba AM3, Ruzita AT1 and Ismail MN2
1Nutritional
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences,
University Sultan Zainal Abidin; 3Julius Centre University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Malaya.
Participation in physical activity has been shown to promote children’s musculoskeletal
health, cardiovascular health, reduce adiposity in overweight youth and improve blood
pressure in mildly hypertensive adolescents. Self-reported measures and objective
measures are often employed for assessment of physical activity among children and
adolescents. This study was conducted to compare pedometer-determined physical
activity level and self-reported physical activity questionnaire among primary school
children in Klang Valley. A subsample of 111 children (46 boys and 65 girls) from a
larger study on childhood obesity participated in this study. Physical activity was
measured using modified PAQ-C (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children) and
Omron digital pedometer was worn for 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day. Subjects
comprised 64% Malays, 20.7% Chinese and 15.3% Indians. Mean age of boys and girls
were 11.0  0.8 years and 10.9  0.9 years, respectively. Mean steps/day obtained from
pedometer was 9572 (95%CI: 8342, 10800) for boys and 7338 (95%CI: 6661, 8015) for
girls; whereas physical activity level measured from questionnaire was 1.99 (95% CI:
1.88, 2.11) for boys and 1.88 (95%CI: 1.79, 1.96) for girls. Pedometer results revealed
boys were mainly sedentary whereas girls were in low active level according to the cut off
by Tudor-Locke et al. (2008). The self-reported questionnaire showed that both boys and
girls had low physical activity. There were significant differences between boys and girls
for total mean steps/day (p<0.01), but no significant difference between the sexes for
physical activity levels measured from the questionnaire. McNemar test showed there
were significant differences (p<0.01) of correlates of pedometer-measured and selfreported physical activity among the children. We conclude that objectively-measured
physical activity was a better tool for assessing physical activity among children
compared to self-reported questionnaire where bias could occur due to under-reporting.
DDH
A58 Validity and reliability of Home Environment Survey
(HES) for Malaysian school children: a sample from Selangor
Woon FC, Chin YS, Mohd Nasir MT, Kaartina S, Fara Wahida R, and Hiew CC
Putra Malaysia
This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of Home Environment Survey
(HES). The HES was used to assess the overall home environment factors that support
physical activity and healthy eating among children. HES consisted of 126 items which
divided into ten dimensions that assessed the physical activity availability, physical
activity accessibility, fruit/vegetable availability, fruit/vegetable accessibility, fat/sweet
availability, fat/sweet accessibility, parental role modeling of physical activity, parental
role modeling of healthy eating, parental policies to support physical activity, and
parental policies to support healthy eating. A total of 482 students (10 -12 years old) and
their parents in Selangor were participated in this study. Students were requested to
complete a two-day dietary recall and two-day physical activity recall. Parents of the
students completed the HES, Fat and Fiber-Related Diet Behavior Questionnaire, and
International Physical Activity Questionnaire -Short Form. The HES was translated into
Malay, Chinese, and Tamil language and back translations were performed. Construct
validity of the HES was determined by correlating each dimension of HES with physical
activity and dietary practices of the students and parents. Reliability of the HES was
assessed using the internal consistencies of all dimensions, except physical activity
availability. Results showed that four dimensions of HES, namely physical activity
availability, fruit/vegetables availability, fat/sweet availability, and fat /sweet
accessibility were correlated to physical activity and dietary practices of the students (r =
0.12 - 0.15; p < 0.05). The remaining dimensions, including parental role modeling of
physical activity and healthy eating, fruit/vegetables availability, fruit/vegetables
accessibility, fat/sweet availability, and parental policies to support healthy eating were
correlated with physical activity and dietary practices of parents (r = 0.15 - 0.38; p <
0.05). The Cronbach’s alpha of all dimensions ranged from 0.63 - 0.86, except for
physical activity accessibility (α = 0.45) and fat/sweet accessibility (α = 0.39). The
findings showed that HES is a valid and reliable instrument to assess home environment
related factors among Malaysian school children.
A59 Income disparities in relation to body mass index (BMI)
among Malay government employees in Klang Valley
Yee SW1, Sameeha MJ1 and Ismail MN2
1Nutrition
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan
Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu
Working individuals with higher income in developing countries have been associated
with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. A cross-sectional study was
conducted to examine the relationship between income disparities and body mass index
(BMI) among Malay government employees in Klang Valley. Anthropometry
measurements of height and body weight were obtained to derive BMI. In order to
determine food intake and physical activity level, a multiple-pass 24 hour diet recall and
short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used as
measurement instruments. A total of 215 Malay government employees aged 18-59 years
old from three government sectors were recruited for the study. The overall mean score of
DDI
BMI and household income were 26.31kg/m2 and RM4482.30±2327.50 respectively.
Female subjects had a significantly higher household income (RM4761.60) compared to
male subjects (RM4055.10) (p<0.05) but no significant difference was found in BMI
between genders. However, there was a significant difference in age and education level
(p<0.05) when compared among male and female subjects. Only overweight/ obese male
subjects showed significantly higher household income (RM4591.10±2373.05) compared
to normal weight counterparts who earned RM3989.90±2148.45 in average at p<0.05. In
physical activity aspect, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in light and moderate
physical activity among female subjects. Moreover, underweight/normal weight and
overweight/ obese female subjects showed significant difference in total energy intake
(p<0.05). By using Spearman correlation, income was significantly correlated with BMI
(r=0.156, p<0.05) and physical activity (r=0.217, p<0.05) but not related with total energy
and macronutrients intake (p>0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that higher
income may relate to higher BMI and physical activity but not relate to food intake. More
attention should be given to office white collar workers by increasing more activities for
them, for example by doing exercise to reduce the prevalence of obesity in Malaysia.
A60 Assessment of body weight status and its associated
factors among Chinese institutionalized elderly in Kuantan,
Pahang
Yong KT & Siti Nur’ Asyura A
Putra Malaysia
This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the body weight status and its
associated factors among Chinese institutionalized elderly in Kuantan, Pahang (n=109;
m=51, f=58). The mean age of the elderly recruited was 74.37±8.62 years. Information on
socio-demographic background, health-related characteristics, and dietary intake were
obtained through face-to-face interviews. Dietary intake was assessed through dietary
history questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were measured by using
appropriate instruments and standard procedures. The mean body weight, height
(estimated by arm-span measurement), and body mass index (BMI) were 58.23±13.74 kg,
162.56±8.70 cm, and 21.94±4.41 kg/m2 respectively. According to BMI classification,
23.9% of the subjects were underweight and 20.2% were overweight and obese. The
mean intake of protein, vitamin A, and niacin had achieved the Recommended Nutrient
Intake (RNI) for Malaysia. Conversely, the mean intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat,
calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, and dietary fiber did not
fully achieve the RNI. One-way ANOVA test showed that underweight subject had
significant lower mean energy intake (p<0.001) than normal weight and overweight
subjects; underweight and overweight subjects had significant difference for mean iron
intake (p<0.05); and among female subjects, overweight subjects showed significant
lower mean niacin intake (p<0.05) from underweight and overweight subjects. Chisquare test showed no significant association between socio-demographic factors and
health-related characteristics with body weight status except for the constipation
(X2=7.85, p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between mean intake of
energy (r= 0.227, p<0.05) and mean fat intake (r= 0.224, p<0.05) with mean BMI among
the subjects. Dual forms of malnutrition which consisted of under-nutrition and overnutrition were found in this study. The assessment of body weight status and the factors
associated with the body weight status should be considered in nutritional intervention
in order to improve the nutritional and health status among the elderly subjects.
DDJ
Group C: Nutrients and Other Components in Food/Products
C01 Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of
selected commercially available eggplants
Chang HK and Amin I
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Eggplant, Solanum melongena L., is a common vegetable that consume throughout the
world. It has significant economic importance in Asian and African countries.
The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of four
commercially available eggplants (Solanum melongena L.), namely Round Asian, Black
Beauty, Thai round, and Long Chinese. The extracts were prepared with 70% ethanol
and water, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of extracts prepared from eggplants
was measured by β-carotene bleaching (based on β-carotene bleaching assay) and 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. To determine total phenolic
content, Folin-Ciocalteu assay was used. Majority of ethanolic extracts were found to
have higher total phenolic content, better antioxidant and scavenging activities compared
to water extracts. For ethanolic extracts, the orders of total phenolic content and
antioxidant activity of eggplants had shared the similar trends, in the order of Black
Beauty > Round Asian > Thai Round > Long Chinese. Among ethanolic extracts, Black
Beauty showed the significant (p < 0.05) highest total phenolic content (148 mg
GAE/100 g fresh weight), antioxidant activity (78%) and DPPH radical scavenging activity
(EC50 = 1.4 mg/ml) compared to other eggplants studied. Black Beauty was also had the
significant (p < 0.05) greatest effect on scavenging DPPH radicals (EC50 = 4.4 mg/ml)
compared to other water extracts. Among water extracts, Thai Round showed the
significant (p < 0.05) highest antioxidant activity (75 %). In contrast, Long Chinese had
the lowest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in both extractions. A positive
correlation existed for both ethanolic (r2=0.845) and water (r2=0.740) extracts between
total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. EC50 for DPPH radical scavenging activity
(r2=0.964) was negatively correlated with total phenolic content for ethanolic extracts.
The study indicated that commercially available eggplants exhibited varying degrees of
antioxidant properties.
C02 Determination of phosphorus content in selected
carbonated beverages most commonly consumed by students
from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti
Putra Malaysia
Chong CN and Chan YM
Putra Malaysia
DDK
Phosphorus can derived from organic (animal protein-rich foods and plant foods) and
inorganic sources (food additives, for example in soft drinks). Excessive amount of
phosphorus in foods and beverages may create problem to patients with end-stage renal
disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to determine the soft drink consumption
pattern among adults aged between 20 and 39 years old. The study also aimed to
determine the phosphorus content in the selected carbonated beverages most commonly
consumed by the adults. A total of 98 voluntary students from the Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia were recruited. A self-administered
Qualitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to determine the top 20
beverages most commonly consumed. The selected beverages were analyzed for its
phosphorus concentration using Perkin-Elmer DV 2000 inductively coupled plasma –
optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The samples were bought from supermarket
and grocery stores in Serdang, Selangor. Results of chemical analyses showed that
Pepsi® had the highest phosphorus content (85.17 mg/12oz), followed by Coca-cola®
(56.85 mg/12oz), Vanilla coke® (54.33 mg/12oz), and Diet coke® (44.96 mg/12oz).
Pepsi® and cola-type beverages had considerably high amount of phosphorus. Revive
isotonic®, 100 plus® regular, 100 plus® lemon lime and Mirinda® strawberry had
moderate amount of phosphorus content. For other fruit-flavoured carbonated drinks
and root beer, the concentration of phosphorus were low (<1 mg/12oz). The top three
carbonated beverages most commonly consumed by the respondents were 100 plus®,
Coca-cola® and Pepsi®. Frequency of soft drink consumption was high as there were
85.7% of the respondents consumed soft drinks at least once a month for the past one
month. Our findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge that the consumption
of carbonated beverages was common among young adults. Excessive consumption of
the beverages with high phosphorus content should be avoided especially among
patients with ESRD to maintain the phosphorus balance in the body.
C03 Proximate and mineral contents of selected
underutilized seaweeds from Peninsular Malaysia
Eng ZP and Amin I
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Seaweeds are macroalgae that high in dietary fiber and minerals, have potential to be
developed as functional food products. However, most of the seaweeds in Peninsular
Malaysia are underutilized. This study was aimed to investigate proximate and mineral
contents of the selected seaweeds. The proximate and mineral compositions of Caulerpa
lentillifera, Caulerpa racemosa, Gracilaria changii and a commercial seaweed product
(Nori) were determined by AOAC Official Methods and inductively coupled plasma atomic
emission spectrophotometer (ICP-AES), respectively except for total available
carbohydrate. The seaweeds had high in dietary fiber (28-56%) and protein (20-37%) and
low in fat (0.4-5.6%) based on dry weight (DW) basis. C. lentillifera was found to be high
in ash content (22% DW). The red seaweeds (G. changii and Nori) had higher in total
available carbohydrate compared to green seaweeds (C. lentillifera and C. racemosa), with
Nori contained the highest total available carbohydrate (56%). However, green seaweeds
were generally higher in fat content than that of red seaweeds. Nori contained the lowest
fat content (0.42%). The insoluble dietary fiber in the studied seaweeds was higher
compared to soluble dietary fiber content. The studied seaweedshad high in magnesium
(Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P), and low in zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu).
Nori was found to be high in potassium (K) (1868.97 mg/100 g DW), while the other
seaweedshad low in potassium. The study indicated that seaweeds are good source of
dietary fiber, proteins and minerals. Therefore, these underutilized seaweeds might be a
good source for food products with health promoting properties.
DDL
C04 Determination of total antioxidant activity, total
phenolic and flavonoid content in Agaricus bisporous and
Agaricus brasiliensis
Gan CH and Rahmat A
Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
This study was undertaken to measure and compare the antioxidant activity, total
phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of Agaricus bisporous (white
button mushroom) and Agaricus brasiliensis (Brazilian mushroom) in aqueous and 60%
ethanol extract. Consumption of mushroom has increased remarkably because of their
desirable aroma, taste and high nutritional content. The sample extracts were evaluated
by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay to determine TPC and aluminium chloride colorimetric
assay to determine TFC, while 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric
Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP assay) were used to determine antioxidant
activities. Results showed that button mushroom had significant higher TPC in aqueous
whereas Brazilian mushroom had significant higher TPC in 60% ethanol (p< 0.05). In
terms of TFC, Brazilian mushroom had higher content than button mushroom in both
types of solvents. The hierarchy of TFC was Brazilian mushroom (60% ethanol)>
Brazilian mushroom (aqueous) > button mushroom (60% ethanol)> button mushroom
(aqueous). For FRAP assay, Brazilian mushroom had significantly higher total
antioxidant activity than the button mushroom in 60% ethanol (p< 0.05) but opposite
trend with aqueous. For DPPH radical scavenging activity, Brazilian mushroom (60%
ethanol) had the lowest EC50 value, followed by button mushroom (60% ethanol),
Brazilian mushroom (aqueous) and button mushroom (aqueous). Pearson correlation test
(p< 0.05) showed strong positive correlation between TPC and FRAP assay in both
extracts (r= 0.969 for 60% ethanol extract; r= 0.973 for aqueous extract) while strong
negative correlation in 60% ethanol extract (r= -0.939) in EC50 of DPPH. For TFC, there
was a strong positive, correlation with FRAP assay (r= 0.985) but negative correlation
with EC50 (r= -0.933) in 60% ethanol extract. In conclusion, high antioxidant activity in
ethanol extract of mushrooms due to presence of phenolic content can potentially be
used as a source of natural antioxidants.
C05 Nutrient composition of temukut
Lai CC and Norhaizan ME
Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Temukut or brewer’s rice is a by-product of rice milling and is comprised of broken rice,
rice bran and rice germ. There was no study done on the proximate nutrients and
bioactive compounds of temukut. Hence, this study was aimed at understanding the
nutrient composition of temukut which includes proximate nutrients, minerals, fatty
acids, vitamin E, and total phenolic content. Temukut contained 11.829±0.040%
moisture, 1.106±0.042% ash, 65.633±0.482% available carbohydrate, 9.025±0.212%
protein, 2.861±0.197% fat, and 3.130±0.159% total dietary fiber. Minerals content of
temukut such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and potassium were 11.065±1.014
mg, 278.767±25.113 mg, 3.659±1.102 mg, 59.809±33.750 mg, and 170.493±22.211 mg
per 100 g, respectively. The percentage of saturated, unsaturated and monounsaturated
fatty acids in temukut were 19.736%, 78.463%, and 42.608%, respectively, where the
major fatty acids were palmitate, oleate and linoleate. Moreover, dry sample of temukut
DEC
contained 45.276 µg vitamin E/g where γ-tocotrienol was the major type of vitamin E,
which was 22.695 µg/g followed by α-tocopherol (7.235 µg/g), γ-tocopherol (7.104 µg/g),
δ-tocopherol (6.147 µg/g), α-tocotrienol (1.760 µg/g) and δ-tocotrienol (0.335 µg/g). The
total phenolic content of dried sample of temukut was 72.025 ± 3.253 mg GAE/100g.
Nutrient content of temukut is quite similar to that of brown rice except that temukut has
much higher sodium content. Temukut also possesses compounds beneficial to health
such as fiber, vitamin E, and phenolics which are helpful in preventing degenerative
diseases.
C06 Determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant
activities and inhibitory effect of phytate on the
bioavailability of minerals in selected local soy-based dishes
Lim SF and Hasnah H
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
This study aimed to determine total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and inhibitory
effect of phytate on the bioavailability of minerals in eight local soy-based dishes. Total
phenolic content in all dishes was determined using Folin-ciocalteau reagent method and
found to be in the range of 19.14- 62.82 mg of GAE/ g wet weight. The antioxidant
activity (r2= 0.946) of the samples was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay
and β-carotene bleaching assay (r2= -0.904). Both tests were significantly (p<0.01)
correlated with the total phenolic content. Inhibitory effect of phytate on the
bioavailability of calcium, iron and zinc was determined by measuring their molar ratio.
The phytate content was analyzed using anion-exchange chromatography whereas
mineral contents were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Oneway ANOVA statistical test was used to analyze the mean difference between phytate and
mineral contents among the food samples. In general, results showed that dishes based
on fermented soy products have lower phytate content and better mineral bioavailability
as compared to the non-fermented soy products. According to independent T-test, mean
phytate content of dishes based on fermented soy products are significantly lower than
non-fermented soy products (mean difference= 444.29 mg/100 g, p< 0.05). This may
due to the influence of the fermentation and cooking method on phytate content in the
food. From the eight local soy-based dishes, five dishes had phytate/calcium molar ratio
of >0.24, seven dishes had phytate/iron molar ratio of > 1, four dishes had phytate/zinc
molar ratio of >15 and none were detected having [phytate x calcium]/zinc molar
ratio>200. These results showed that although most food samples analyzed had high
mineral content, the high phytate content may impair the bioavailability of the minerals
in human body.
C07 Glycemic index values of selected commercialized rice
in Malaysia
Ngan HB, Barakatun Nisak MY, Amin Ismail, Mohd Faez bB, Jeevetha S
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra
Malaysia
This experimental study was carried out to determine the glycemic index (GI) values of
selected rice that commonly consumed by Malaysian. The protocol for GI testing and
DED
calculation were based on the standardized methodology by Australian Standard®. A
total of six types of rice (6) were selected based on the survey’s result that was conducted
prior to the GI testing. The rice tested included Fragrant Rice, 5% broken White Rice,
Parboiled Rice, Brown Rice, Basmati Rice and Glutinous Rice. A total of eleven (11)
healthy subjects (6 males, 5 females, BMI=21.55±2.13kgm-2, age=22.6±1.2 years)
participated in this study. Subjects were studied on nine (9) separate occasions (six tests
for test rice and three repeated tests for reference food) after an overnight fasting. In the
morning of the testing, subjects were served with either 25 g available carbohydrate of
the test foods or the glucose reference in random order. The available carbohydrate for
the tested rice was determined using Clegg Anthrone method. The GI value of the test
rice in descending order were Fragrant Rice- 124±16.4, Parboiled Rice- 118±15.9,
Basmati Rice- 111±13.4, Brown Rice- 110±16.2, 5%White Rice- 87±14.4 and Glutinous
Rice, 81±8.6. There were no significant difference between the GI values of the rice and
the reference food and even among the tested rice (p>0.05). As a conclusion, this study
showed that all the test rice were surprisingly categorised as having high GI values
ranged from 81 ± 8.6 for the Glutinous Rice to 124 ± 16.4 for the Fragrant Rice where
glucose reference, GI= 100. Further research is needed to investigate potential factors
that are important in influencing the GI value of the rice.
C08 Evaluation of fatty acids in selected supplementary oils
Nor Shahidah MY and Azrina A
Putra Malaysia
Supplementary oils are included in the categories of nonvitamin/nonmineral
supplements that often used therapeutically and rich in essential fatty acids (EFAs)
which hold the most interest today in maintaining health and preventing disease.
The quality and quantity of fatty acids in supplementary oils are important in order to
make sure correct information of label and their health claims are truthful and not
misleading. This study was carried out to evaluate the type and amount of fatty acids in
selected supplementary oils; virgin coconut oil (VCO), extra virgin olive oil (EVOO),
evening primrose oil (EPO), black seed oil (BSO), flax seed oil (FSO) and grape seed oil
(GSO). The fatty acids were determined and quantified using gas chromatography.
Results were expressed as percentage (%) of fatty acid composition and milligram (mg) of
fatty acids per 500mg supplementary oils. In this study, there were significant
differences (p<0.05) in the fatty acid composition of the six supplementary oil samples.
This study found that VCO was dominated by lauric acid (C12:0) at 48.26±0.46%, EVOO
was dominated by oleic acid (C18:1) at 68.31±0.85%, while EPO, BSO, and GSO were
dominated by linoleic acid (C18:2) at 72.84±0.98%, 54.37±2.15%, 71.73±0.05%,
respectively. FSO was dominated by linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) at 53.62±0.95%. For
quantitative determination of fatty acids, lauric acid (C12:0) was highest in VCO at
243.13±9.26mg. Oleic acid (C18:1) and linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) were highest in EVOO
and FSO samples at 366.62±5.35mg and 229.04±6.12mg, respectively. Whereas, linoleic
acid (C18:2) was in the highest amount in EPO, BSO and GSO samples at
224.26±7.57mg, 182.23±15.88mg and 195.95±2.36mg, respectively. As for the total SFA,
MUFA and PUFA, VCO contained higher amount of SFA, EVOO contained higher amount
of MUFA, while EPO, GSO, FSO and GSO had higher amount of PUFA. Generally, slight
differences were observed in the type and amount of fatty acids in the analyzed samples
and the declared values on the label of the six supplementary oil products. In
conclusion, the content of supplementary oils especially fatty acids can be of particular
interest for further investigation and can provide beneficial information to consumer
when selecting these supplementary products.
DEE
C09 Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load of adolescents
in Kuala Lumpur
Norhanisah AS, Nik Shanita S and Norimah AK
School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Glycemic index (GI) is a ranking of food based on its effect to elevate blood glucose level
whereas glycemic load (GL) is the amount of carbohydrate multiplied by its GI. The
purpose of this study was to assess dietary GI and GL among adolescents in Kuala
Lumpur. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using body weight, height, and
waist circumference, while body mass index (BMI) was calculated. To estimate GI and
GL, multiple pass 24 hour dietary recall was used and values for GI and GL were
assigned using a previously published formula. Final dataset of 105 subjects aged 13-14
years old were completed. A total of 82.2% of boys and 63.3% of girls were having normal
BMI. Meanwhile, 13.3% of girls reported to be overweight and none of the boys were
overweight. There were 8.9% of boys and 10% of girls were having obese BMI.
Underweight subjects consist of 8.9% of boys and 13.3% of girls. Majority of subjects had
lower waist circumference and not at risk for abdominal obesity for 93.3% of boys and
90% of girls. On the other hand, 6.7% of boys and 10% of girls had higher waist
circumference and at risk for abdominal obesity. Mean GI was at moderate level,
65.29±3.47 for boys and 67.39±4.50 for girls. Mean GL for boys was 223.14±52.25 and
181.41±41.19 for girls. Pearson correlation indicated that GI and GL were not associated
(p<0.05) with BMI, waist circumference, and energy consumption. GL was found to have
a strong and positive relationship with energy intake (r=0.640, p<0.001) and
carbohydrate intake (r=0.806, p< 0.001). However, a weak but significant association
was found between GL with protein (r=0.266, p<0.005). In conclusion, outcome of this
study showed that GI and GL have a very weak association with weight status. However,
GL was found to be strong and positively associated with energy intake and
carbohydrate. Finding from this study suggested that the dietary GI for adolescents in
Kuala Lumpur was within the intermediate GI. This study proposed that efforts in
replacing high and moderate GI foods with low GI foods to reduce dietary GI and GL in
order to improve quality of carbohydrate intake among adolescents.
C10 Determination of caffeine content in local commercial
instant herbal and non-herbal coffee and tea beverages
Nur Zalika Z and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA
With the blooming of usage of herbal in supplement world, introduction of herbal
extracts into coffee and tea products had become a popular trend in world especially in
Malaysia. Caffeine has drawn more attention due to its physiological, stimulatory and
antioxidative effects. Consumers are interested in knowing the exact amounts of caffeine
existing in these beverages. However, limited data exist, especially for local commercial
instant (LCI) herbal coffee and tea beverages. Therefore, four brands of LCI herbal and
non-herbal coffee beverages respectively and four brands of LCI herbal and non-herbal
tea beverages respectively, for comparison purpose, were analyzed to determine the
caffeine content. The caffeine determination was done by utilizing high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a UV/Visible detector. The mobile phase
consisted of 20%:80% (v/v) acetonitrile and deionized water. Triplicate analyses were
performed on all samples. The result of analysis showed that the caffeine content in all
LCI herbal coffee samples ranged between 0.160 and 0.263mg/g which the lowest
DEF
content found in brand A (0.160 ± 0.006mg/g) and highest content of caffeine was found
in brand B (0.263 ± 0.003mg/g). In other hand, the caffeine content in LCI non-herbal
coffee samples were between 0.194 and 0.312mg/g which the lowest caffeine content
was found in brand H (0.195 ± 0.006mg/g) and highest from brand G (0.312 ±
0.009mg/g). Determination of caffeine content in LCI herbal tea samples showed that the
mean value of caffeine content ranged between 0.126 and 0.195mg/g. The lowest content
of caffeine was found in brand L (0.129 ± 0.007mg/g) and the highest in brand J (0.195 ±
0.002mg/g). While, caffeine content in LCI non-herbal tea samples were in the range of
0.103 to 0.208mg/g. The lowest caffeine content was found in brand O (0.103 ±
0.001mg/g) and highest in brand N (0.208 ± 0.003mg/g). Statistically, there was no
significant difference (p>0.05) between LCI herbal and non-herbal coffee samples in
means of caffeine content (0.221 ± 0.043; 0.236 ± .0480mg/g, p=0.821) and also in LCI
herbal and non-herbal tea samples (0.159 ± 0.033; 0.161 ± 0.042mg/g, p=0.999).
However, there is significant difference (p<0.05) of in means of caffeine content between
LCI herbal coffee and tea samples.
C11 Determination of cadmium, lead and zinc in local
commercial instant herbal and non-herbal tea beverages
Nurul Huda AA and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
Herbs are being increasingly added in many kinds of instant teas due to their possible
medicinal effects and these drinks may contain a wide range of metallic elements. The
objective of this study was to determine the concentration of cadmium (Cd), lead(Pb) and
zinc(Zn) in local commercial instant herbal and non-herbal tea beverages. The sampling
consisted of eight local instant herbal and non-herbal beverages of different brands. Four
samples of each herbal and non-herbal tea brands respectively were compared for their
Cd, Pb, and Zn. The standard procedure described in AOAC (2000) was followed for the
preparation of samples for analysis of heavy metals. All samples were treated using dry
ashing method and proceeded with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result of
analysis showed that in all tea samples studied, the highest Cd and Pb content was
detected in herbal tea which is sample B (0.060+0.056 mg/kg) and sample A
(0.712+0.168 mg/kg) respectively. There was no significant different of Cd content
between herbal tea (0.023+0.037 mg/kg) and non-herbal tea (0.005+0.016 mg/kg)
according to a t-test adjusted for inequality of variances, [t (15) = 1.59, p = 0.13]. There
was also no significant different of Pb content between herbal (0.283+0.361 mg/kg) and
non-herbal tea samples (0.005+0.016 mg/kg), [t (14.03)=1.23, p=0.24]. As for Zn, herbal
tea was found to have highest content of Zn which is sample C (4.715+1.387 mg/kg)
compare to non-herbal tea. No significant different [t (15.83)=1.95, p=0.07] of Zn content
was found between herbal (2.593+2.492 mg/kg) and non-herbal tea samples
(1.035+1.198 mg/kg). Importantly the concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn detected in these
products were all below the maximum levels permitted by Malaysian Food Act 1983. In
conclusion, these findings indicate safe levels of these 3 metals in selected herbal and
non-herbal local beverages.
C12 Weight loss intervention among risk of overweight,
overweight and obese staff in health department of Kedah
Rohida SH1, Latifah AR1, Sharipah Salbiah SH2, Juliani Faridza A3, Wan Mohd
Nurussabah AK5, Zuwariah AT4, Faisal I3, Khairul AA1, Norazlina MN1, Nur
Wahidda A1,Intan Hartini AB1, Tan YN1, and Zaiton D5
DEG
1State
Health Department of Kedah; 2State Health Depatment of Perlis; 3State Health
Department of Pulau Pinang; 4State Health Depatment of Perak; 5Department of Nutrition,
Ministry of Health
Obesity is a public health problem because it can be associated with medical
complications and will increase the problem of morbidity and mortality. Treatment alone
is not enough to obstacle this problem, promotion and prevention strategies are accurate
and relevant at the moment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the weight loss
intervention program among health staff based on health indicator weight, waist
circumference, percent body fat and Body Mass Index. All medical personnel who are at
risk of overweight, overweight and obesity were invited to attend this program.
Classification of overweight and obesity are based on WHO classification, 1998.
Additional criteria added to program are only who interested in reduced their weight and
can follow the all activities conducted during the program. A total of 261 health
personnel have been collected for this program in all districts in the state. This program
runs for 6 months. Only 224 staff completed a period of 6 months. The measurement of
anthropometric done before and after the completion of a period of 6 months.
Anthropometry was measured using the weight scale (SECA 880) and the height using
the body meter (Seca) meanwhile waist circumference using a tape measure and body fat
percentage using TANITA Body Fat analyzer. Percentage of staff had a normal Body
Mass Index has rise from 5.8% before intervention to 13.8% after the intervention. Mean
body weight was significantly different (74.37 ± 12.73: 72.69 ± 12.45, p<0.05). Mean
waist circumference to the members before the intervention was significant before and
after program (85.76 ± 9.17: 83.00 ± 16.9, p<0.05), mean waist circumference showed a
significant difference before and after(85.76 ± 17: 83.00 ± 16.9, p<0.05) Mean percentage
of fat for the members before the intervention was significant before and after( 36.27 ±
6.13: 34.74 ± 5.6, p<0.05) the average percent fat showed a significant difference. Mean
BMI for the members also significant before and after the intervention (29.76 ± 5.6;
29.10 ± 4.22 p<0.05).
C13 Determination of vitamin E, total polar compound and
free fatty acid in reused cooking oil among hawkers at night
market
Rosnani N and Sokhini AM
Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science.
The study was carried out to determine the polar compound and free fatty acid
content in oil used by hawkers in night market at Bangi area. The night
markets were chose from the list stated by Majlis Daerah Bangi. There were six
night markets. For the sample selection, systematic sampling was used and
from there 37 samples were collected. The criterion of the sample was the oil
used in deep frying. The samples were collected for about 100 ml for each and
put in glass bottle. The method used for the polar compound determination was silica
column chromatography while free fatty acid was determined by titration method. This
study had found the practice of heating oil repeatedly increased the polar compound
content and free fatty acid in the oil. For polar compound, all the values did not exceed
the international standard for the polar compound content as all the samples value less
than 25%. The highest amount of polar compound was in sample number 31 where the
percentage was 23.6±1.4% while the lowest were samples no 1 and 32 at the 0%. The
determination of free fatty acid found the amount of the free fatty acid was exceeded the
DEH
standard percentage of the oil that need to be discarded. The standard of free fatty acid
in use oil must not more than 2% but the experiment had found 27 samples were
exceeded the standard. The highest was sample no 37 at 8.5±0.2% and the lowest is
sample number 1 at 1±0.1. The oil used by hawkers in night market was content large
amount of free fatty acid but less in polar compound.
C14 Determination of sodium in selected local unhealthy
snacks
Saw SM and Amin I
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Crispy, crunchy, and crumbly, are often used to describe the textural characteristics of
snack foods that is not eaten during meal times- breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Snacking
has increasing from time to time regardless of age group especially the consumption of
salty snacks. Although sodium is essential to human health, the world’s population
consumes sodium far in excess of what is required. High consumption of sodium from
unhealthy snacks has associated with some diseases like hypertension, osteoporosis,
stomach cancer, and renal failure. This study was aimed to determine the sodium
content of unhealthy snacks.These unhealthy snacks were commonly made of wheat
flour based for example fried dhal, spicy broad bean, mini prawn stick, muruku, otak
perisa ikan, and tapioca sticks. The convenience sampling method was used to select the
unhealthy snacks while the sodium content of unhealthy snacks was determined by
using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma
atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The range of sodium content of 9 unhealthy
snacks was 230 to 890 mg per 100 g of snacks with a mean of 602 + 234 mg per 100
g.There is a significant difference between all the snacks in the analysis of variance test
(p< 0.01). The unhealthy snack with the highest sodium content (887 + 172 mg per 100
g) was spicy muruku while the lowest sodium content (230 + 9 mg per 100 g) was tapioca
stick.The results indicated that7 out of 9 samples had high sodium content which was
more than 480 mg. Thus, information on sodium content of unlabeled snacks is
essential for public to aware of the sodium content of these snacks and important for
health professional during health promotion programmes.
C15 Amount and types of sugar content of selected
homemade beverages according to types of restaurants in
rural and urban area in Klang Valley
Sharifah Azizah TN, Nik Shanita S & Hasnah H
Malaysia.
The aim of this study were to determine and to compare the amount and types of sugar
in selected homemade beverages according to types of restaurants in rural and urban
area in Klang Valley. Seven different types of homemade beverages commonly consumed
by Klang Valley population namely, Milo Kosong, Milo ‘O’, Milo Susu, Teh ‘O’, Nescafe ‘O’,
Nescafe Susu and Fruit juice (orange) were selected. The beverages were randomly
bought from stalls, cafeterias and restaurants around rural area (Rawang) (n=7) and
urban area (Kuala Lumpur) (n=7). The amount and types of sugars in beverages was
DEI
determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Refractive Index
(RI) detector. Results indicated that 71.4% of the total beverages were categorised as high
sugar because of the sugar content was more than 15g per 100ml. The results also
showed that, Nescafe Susu particularly had the highest total sugar content (33.2 ±
5.7g/100ml) while Fruit Juice (orange) had the lowest (12.7 ± 5.2/100ml). The major
types of sugar detected in all beverages were sucrose (81.2%), followed by lactose (11.4%)
and maltose (4.1%). Overall, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in amount of
sugar between beverages collected in Rawang (rural) with Kuala Lumpur (urban).
However, findings from this study indicated that amount of sugar in beverages from
cafeterias was significantly higher (p<0.001) compared with stalls and restaurants. In
conclusion, results of this study provided useful information in suggesting suitable
location when purchasing homemade beverages due to its lower sugar content.
C16 Proximate and total phenolic contents in Nypa fruticans
Sum PC and Azrina A
Putra Malaysia
Nypa fruticans dominated most of the mangrove forests in Malaysia. The leaves of the
Nypa fruticans was traditionally used for roof material like thatching, while the sap of
Nypa fruticans was useful to produce alcoholic drink, sugar, syrup and vinegar. However,
the fruit of Nypa fruticans was discarded most of the time while collecting the sap
because flesh was considered nutritionally inferior. Some local population would serve
the flesh as dessert ingredients. In this study, proximate and total phenolic contents of
mature and immature Nypa fruticans flesh were determined. Results showed that the
mature Nypa fruticans flesh contained 35.71 ± 1.19 % of moisture, 21.40 ± 0.46% of
carbohydrate, 4.02 ± 0.17 % of crude protein, 4.33 ± 0.39% of crude fat, 15.11 ± 0.67%
of insoluble fiber, 15.50 ± 1.71% soluble fiber, and 1.11 ± 0.08% of ash. While, the
immature Nypa fruticans consisted of 90.10 ± 0.95 % of moisture, 4.40 ± 0.36% of
carbohydrate, 0.97 ± 0.02 % of crude protein, 0.52 ± 0.06 % of crude fat, 0.88 ± 0.10 %
of insoluble fiber, 0.96 ± 0.24 % of soluble fiber, and 0.78 ± 0.07 % of ash. Significant
differences were observed between in all the proximate nutrients of mature and
immature Nypa fruticans flesh. Furthermore, the current study showed that mature
Nypa fruticans flesh had significantly higher (P < 0.05) total phenolic content than
immature Nypa fruticans, which were 831.6 ± 59.9 and 310.4 ± 20.0 mg GAE/100g in
wet weight, respectively. In conclusion, mature Nypa fruticans flesh can be a good source
of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and mineral as well as high in total phenolic content, while
the immature Nypa fruticans flesh was extremely high in moisture content but low in
other proximate nutrient and phenolic contents.
C17 Comparison of antioxidant component and capacity in
different parts of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
Tan KP and Azrina A
Putra Malaysia
Epidemiological evidences have supported the consumption of fruits to the reduction of
oxidative stress-related diseases. Nutmeg, Myristica Fragrans, have been shown to
posses strong antioxidant activities, act as good preservative agent and offer benefits in
DEJ
some medical treatments. This study aimed to determine and compare the antioxidant
components and activity in different parts (skin, pulp, mace and seed) of nutmeg. Freeze
dried samples were extracted using 80% methanol. Folin-Ciocalteu assay was employed
in determining total phenolic content (TPC) while aluminium chloride assay was applied
in the determination of total flavonoid content (TFC). Ascorbic acid (AA) was also
assessed by titrimetric method. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by ferric reducing
antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays.
Results revealed that seed (114.47±6.33 mg GAE/g dw) contained the highest TPC
followed by mace (37.39±0.40 mg GAE/g dw), skin (25.26±0.79 mg GAE/g dw) and pulp
(18.80±0.39 mg GAE/g dw). Similarly, TFC was also the highest in the seed followed by
skin, mace and pulp, accounting for 1345.75±18.26 mg rutin (RE)/g dw, 306.30±5.53
mg RE/g dw, 245.50±13.18 mg RE/g dw and 117.24±9.64 mg RE/g dw, respectively.
However, the highest AA value was found in mace (2.85±0.02mg /100g) while the lowest
was found in pulp (2.05±0.03 mg /100g). As for antioxidant activity, results indicated
that seed possessed the highest FRAP and TEAC values, accounting for
190.83±17.33µmol trolox equivalent (TE)/g dw and 50.99±0.23µmol TE/g dw while pulp
appeared to be the lowest compared to others. Statistically, positive correlation was
found between antioxidant components and activities except for AA and TEAC assays
(p<0.05). TPC and TFC exhibited strong correlation with FRAP assay while TFC showed
strong correlation with TEAC assay. In conclusion, nutmeg seed contained the highest
TPC and TFC with the strongest antioxidant activity among all.
C18 Maternal nutritional status and pregnancy symptoms
among healthy and gestational diabetic women
Teow YL, Loy SL, Marhazlina M and Hamid Jan JM
The aims of this study were to compare and correlate maternal nutritional status and
pregnancy symptoms between healthy pregnant and gestational diabetic women. A total
of 108 pregnant women (77 healthy and 31 gestational diabetic), aged between 19 to 34
year-old, within the gestational age of 32 to 40 weeks were recruited from Obstetric and
Gynecology, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Pregnancy symptoms score were
assessed with validated Pregnancy Symptoms Questionnaire. Independent t-test, MannWhitney test, Pearson and Spearman correlations were used for statistical analysis.
Gestational diabetic women had significantly higher pre-pregnancy body mass index
(p=0.026), body fat mass at late trimester (p=0.001), experienced higher frequency
(p=0.044) and severity (p=0.026) of headache than healthy pregnant women. Maternal
weight gain rate was correlated positively with various pregnancy symptoms among
pregnant women. There is a significant difference of maternal nutritional status and
general pregnancy symptoms between healthy pregnant and gestational diabetic women.
There is also a significant correlation of maternal weight gain rate and pregnancy
symptoms among the pregnant women.
C19 Comparison antioxidant content and activity between
varieties of Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L) osbeck)
Toh JJ & Azrina A
DEK
Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L) osbeck) is known as “limau bali” or “limau abong” in Malaysia.
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant content (AC) and antioxidant activity (AA) in
various parts of two varieties of pomelo fruit. The AC of total phenolic content (TPC), total
flavonoid content (TFC) and ascorbic acid were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent
assay, aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and method of Association of Official
Analytical Chemist (AOAC), 1991 respectively. Meanwhile, the AA was measured using
ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC) assays. Comparison of the various parts and varieties of pomelo extracts were
made among peel and pulp of “Tambun White” (TW) as well as peel and pulp of “Tambun
Pink” (TP). The TPC, TFC and ascorbic acid of pomleo extracts were in the range of
6.20±0.25 to 19.96±0.09 mg GAE/g dried weight (DW), 1.33±0.05 to 17.52±0.12 mg
QE/g DW and 7.42±0.00 to 41.21±1.43 mg AA/100g fresh weight, respectively.
Nevertheless, the range of AA as determined by FRAP and TEAC was 37.70±0.63 to
62.47±6.28 µmol Fe (II)/g DW and 30.48±0.81 to 73.15±0.76 µmol TE/g DW,
respectively. The TPC, TFC and TEAC values were in the order of TW peel > TP peel > TW
pulp > TP pulp; whereas, the order for ascorbic acid and FRAP value was TW pulp > TP
pulp > TW peel > TP peel. The peel of pomelo was significantly higher of AC and AA than
the pulp of pomelo (p < 0.05). Moreover, the variety of TW had higher AC and AA
compared with TP variety. TEAC was highly and positively correlated with TPC and TFC
(r > 0.9) except for ascorbic acid and FRAP. In conclusion, peel of pomelo and variety of
TW possessed higher AC and AA which can be recommended as rich sources of natural
antioxidants.
C20 Determination of macronutrients and isoflavones
contents in soy based local dishes
Yeak ZW and Hasnah H
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
The health benefits of nutrient and non nutrient contents in soybeans, has increased the
interest in determining the components in it. Soy isoflavone has been known to reduce
the risk of certain chronic diseases and able to reduce postmenopusal symptoms. This
study was carried out to determine the macronutrients and isoflavones contents in eight
soy local based dishes. Proximate contents were analysed by using AOAC methods (1997)
while carbohydrate content was calculated by difference. Isoflavones contents were
analysed using method by Hutabarat et al. (2000) which used High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode detector. Eight types of local soy based dishes
were bought from Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman (TAR) and Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur.
Macronutrient and isoflavones contents in each sample from each location were analysed
in duplicates. Analyses were carried out on the eight soy local based dishes which have
been categorized as whole dish (W) and also soy products separated out from the whole
dishes (S). Macronutrients were reported based on wet basis and results showed that egg
tofu soup has the highest moisture content (87.64%) while stir fried egg tofu (S) with
vegetables has the highest ash content (2.01%). Sambal tofu (S) has the highest amount
of protein (17.2%) while sambal tempeh (W) has the highest fat content (32.9%). Sambal
tempeh goreng Jawa (S) has the highest carbohydrate content (61.1%). Daidzein content
was highest in sambal tempeh goreng Jawa (S) which was 126.2 mg/ 100g. Sambal
tempeh goreng Jawa (W) contained the highest amount of genestein (39.46 mg/ 100g).
The range of soy isoflavones in 100g of samples were 7.89 to 126.20 mg for daidzein and
0 to 39.46 mg for genestein. These results showed that different types of dishes have
different values of nutrient content, despite the same usage of raw soy based products
(such as tempeh and tofu) in preparing the dishes. It can be concluded that soy based
DEL
dish like sambal tempeh goreng Jawa contained considerably high amount of
macronutrient and isoflavone contents.
Group F1: Animal and Experimental Nutrition
F01 Anti-diabetic potentials of lycopene and red palm oil in
male rats
Asmah Rahmat1, Hanieh Jafari1, Mansooreh Sadat Mojani1, Morteza Ebadi1,
Huzwah Khazaai2
1Department
of Nutrition and Health Science, faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia; 2Department of Biomedical Science, faculty of Medicine and
The scope of this study is to determine hypoglycemic effects of lycopene and red palm oil
in diabetic streptozotocin (STZ) rats. Following the recommendations of the World Health
Organization on the beneficial uses of vegetables and fruits in the treatment of DM,
investigation of anti-diabetic agents from vegetables and fruits have also become more
essential. Generally, lycopene is one of the most powerful antioxidants, with a singletoxygen-quenching ability twice as high as that of β-carotene and 10 times higher than
that of α-tocopherol. Likewise, Red Palm Oil (RPO), natural carotenoid rich oil, has the
potential to act as very potent anti-oxidant; indeed, it contains the highest natural
source of pro-vitamin A carotenes and recognized as one of the richest natural sources of
vitamin E (tocotrienol). Following induction of diabetes with STZ (55 mg/kg bw) for
diabetes, 48 sprague-Dawley rats were divided into healthy control, diabetic control and
4 groups which supplemented with lycopene and RPO with two concentration of 10 and
20 mg/kg. Blood glucose was measured at baseline, middle and end of the experiment.
After 6 weeks of treatment, Lycopene (mean differences: 3.88 and 4.11 mmol/l for 10
and 20 mg/kg bw, respectively) and RPO (mean differences: 3.95 and 4.34 mmol/l for 10
and 20 mg/kg bw, respectively) were capable to lower blood sugar significantly compare
to diabetic control counterpart (p<0.05). Finally, this study presented lycopene and RPO
as valuable sources in case of hyperglycemia and diabetes.
F02 Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on total
antioxidant status and full blood count in streptozotocinnicotinamide induced diabetic rats
Ng HM, Nurul Amira B & Asmah R
Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor.
DFC
Numerous studies have suggested that traditional herbal medicine can be utilised as an
alternative medicine to treat or control diseases. This study was conducted to determine
the effect of ginger (Zingiber officianle Roscoe) on total antioxidant status and full blood
count in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. For the sample preparation,
the whole crude gingers were washed, peeled and chopped into tiny bits. After freeze
dried, the dried forms of gingers were further milled into powder form by using
mechanical grinder. There were six groups in this study which included normal control
group (NC), diabetic control group (DC), diabetic treated with 250mg/kg body weight of
ginger powder (D250), diabetic group treated with 500mg/kg body weight of ginger
powder (D500), and diabetic group treated with 750mg/kg body weight of ginger powder
(D750). The different doses of ginger powder extract were given once in everyday to the
rats by force-feeding. The blood sample was taken to measure total antioxidant status
(TAS) and full blood count (FBC) in the end of the treatment (Day 42). TAS was measured
using Selectra E chemical analyser, while FBC was measured using Sysmex hematology
analyser. The hematology parameters of FBC included red blood cell (RBC), white blood
cell (WBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV),
mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
(MCHC), and platelet (PLT). The results showed that ginger has no effect on TAS and
FBC. The results showed that ginger had no effect on TAS, RBC, WBC, HGB, HCT, MCV,
and PLT. Statistically, analysis of variance showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in
the parameters above. However, there is a significant different between NC and DC in
MCH (p<0.05) and MCHC (p<0.01). In conclusion, crude ginger has no effect on TAS and
the components of FBC except the levels of MCH and MCHC.
F03 A study on the toxicity of Rhaphidophora decursiva
(roxb.) extract on rats
Syakirin K, Norhaizan ME and Siti Suriani A
R. decursiva (Roxb.) Schott has been used by some Chinese population in Malaysia to
treat colon cancer. However, little toxicological information is available regarding its
safety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of R.
decursiva methanol extract after acute and sub-acute administration in rats. Forty eight
Sprague Dawley males’ rats were divided into 8 groups with 6 rats in each group. For
acute toxicity study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 0.7g/kg, 2.1g/kg
and 3.5g/kg daily for 14 days, whereas for sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated
with 0.07 g/kg, 0.14 g/kg and 0.21 g/kg/day for 30 days. Control groups were given
with distilled water. Parameters measured were body weight, biochemical analysis
[alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase
(AST), albumin, and creatinine level] and hematology parameters [white blood cell (WBC),
red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean
corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC),
hematocrit and platelet]. The results showed that there were no significant difference
(p>0.05) on body weight, biochemical parameters (AST, ALT and albumin) and
hematology parameters between the control group and the rats that received different
doses of R. decursiva extract. The significant difference (p<0.05) was only seen on
creatinine level (p<0.05) between control and treatment groups. For ALT, the significant
difference between control and treatments groups was found in acute toxicity study but
not for sub-acute toxicity. In conclusion, there were no mortality and signs of toxicity in
both acute (14-day) and sub acute (30-day) toxicity studies of R. decursiva methanol
DFD
extract. The median lethal death (LD50) value of R. decursiva for rats is more than 3500
mg/kg per day for 30 days.
F04 Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on plasma
glucose level and body weight of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide
induced diabetic rats
Tan SF, Nurul Amira B and Asmah R
Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of raw ginger on the plasma
glucose level and body weight of induced diabetic rats, thereby evaluate its hypoglycemic
effect. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=48) weighed 200g to 300g were divided into six
groups, which consisted of eight rats in each group. NC and DC groups were normal and
diabetic rats, respectively, without any treatment. D250, D500, and D750 groups were
ginger treatment groups with doses of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, and 750mg/kg of body
weight, respectively. DG group was the diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide antidiabetic drug. Raw ginger extract was administered into the rats through force feed
method for a period of 42 days. The blood samples for plasma glucose analysis using
chemical auto-analyzer were collected via retro-orbital on day 0 and 42. The body weight
measurement and blood glucose screening via glucometer were carried out on day 0, 14,
28, and 42. The results showed significant increment (p<0.05) of mean body weight for
NC and D250 groups after 42 days. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) for all
groups when compared to NC and DC groups, on day 0, 14, 28, and 42, respectively. For
the plasma glucose level, NC and DG groups showed significant reduction (P<0.05), but
ginger treatment did not significantly alter the plasma glucose level of D250, D500, and
D750 groups after 42 days. Comparing between groups, the plasma glucose of all groups
were significantly higher (P<0.05) than NC group on day 0, and it remained on day 42. At
the same time, DG group showed significant lower (P<0.05) result than DC group on day
42. Blood glucose screening also showed similar effects. This means that glinbenclamide
drug was effective in controlling blood glucose level of rats. In conclusion, raw ginger
does not pose hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats in this study.
DFE
Group B: Dietary Intake, Consumption Pattern and
Association with Diseases
B01 Gender differences in the eating habit of medical
students
Ahmad Syazwan Bin Samsuddin1, Narimah Abdul Hamid Hasani2, Mariam
Mohamad2, Mohammed Nasimul Islam2 & Jesmine Khan2
1Faculty
of applied sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah
Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Healthy eating habit is a key to lead a disease free life. In the present study eating habit
of the year one medical students was investigated. Data were analyzed to differentiate
any gender differences. A cross sectional study using a self administered questionnaire
was distributed to 234 year one students of a medical faculty, ranging in age from 19-22
years. Data were analyzed by using chi-square test to identify any significant differences
between male and female students in their eating habit. Our results showed that only
45% male and 56.5% female students consumed breakfast daily. Meanwhile, 45% male
and 40% female students consumed vegetables daily. Majority i.e. 85% male and 82%
female students never consumed milk in a week. For high salt foods, 7.5% male and
8.6% female students reported to consume them every day while 30% male and 23.3%
female students consume high sugar food daily. Only 30% male and 25.3% female
students consume meat, fish or pulses daily. There was no significant differences
between the eating habits of male and female students except for omitting breakfast
where the proportion of female was 24% higher than male (χ2=21.3, df=3, p<0.001).
Eating habit of the year one medical students does not comply with the Malaysian
dietary guidelines. Urgent strategies should be designed and implemented to improve the
eating habit of the future health care providers.
B02 Disordered eating, self-esteem, body weight status and
physical activity among female college students
Aina Shuhada M and Soo KL
Studies regarding disordered eating indicate that the prevalence of disordered
eating is increasing from time to time across the world and female college
students are regarded as one of the high risk group exposed to this problem.
Hence this study aims to determine the proportion of disordered eating among female
college students and to explore the association between self-esteem, body weight
status and physical activity with disordered eating. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT26), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ) were administered on 242 female college students aged 18 to 24
years to assess disordered eating, self-esteem and physical activity respectively.
DFF
Anthropometric measurements were taken for body weight status classification. This
cross-sectional study revealed that 14.5% of the respondents are having eating problem.
Pearson correlation was used to estimate the association between disordered eating with
self-esteem, body weight status and physical activity. Body weight status (r = .242, p <
.01) and physical activity (r = .269, p < .01) were significantly associated with disordered
eating but there was no significant relationship between disordered eating and selfesteem (r = - .107, p = .098). In conclusion, further studies on shared links associated
with disordered eating are needed to help in constructing appropriate counselling
programs for students who are at risk of eating disorder.
B03 Effect of maternal food choices and pregnancy
symptoms on birth sizes
Ainor FA, Loy SL, Marhazlina M and Hamid Jan JM
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan,
Malaysia
Maternal nutrition and pregnancy symptoms were shown to exert impacts on birth
outcomes. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of maternal
food groups intake and pregnancy symptoms with birth size. A total of 100 pregnant
women who were at their third trimester (32 to 40 gestational weeks) of gestation were
recruited from Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Mothers were interviewed to complete the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire and
Pregnancy Symptoms Questionnaire. Birth weight, birth length and head circumference
were measured within 72 hours after delivery. Data were analysed using multiple linear
regression adjusted for maternal height, prepregnancy body mass index, parity,
gestational age at birth and neonatal gender. Among food groups (in tertiles), confection
was associated with lower birth weight (P=0.025), head circumference (P=0.024) and
ponderal index (P=0.024). Similarly, condiment showed a negative association with birth
weight (P=0.025) and head circumference (p=0.037) while tea and coffee intake was
associated with higher head circumference to birth weight ratio (p=0.035). Among
pregnancy symptoms categories, frequency and severity of constitutional symptoms
showed a negative association with birth length (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively) but
positive association with ponderal index (p=0.007 and p=0.009, respectively). These
findings suggest that maternal dietary intake and pregnancy symptoms exert beneficial
and adverse effects on foetal growth. Food selection and pregnancy symptoms
management during pregnancy may therefore be important for long term health
consequences of the child.
B04 Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practices on
osteoporosis prevention among urban and rural women in
Selangor
Anis Farhana AH and Chan YM
Putra Malaysia
This study aims to compare the knowledge, attitude and practices on osteoporosis
prevention between urban and rural Malay women in Selangor. A total of 81 young Malay
women aged 19-29 years old were recruited through simple random sampling. A self-
DFG
administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on sociodemographic
characteristics, knowledge, attitude, dietary and lifestyle practices towards bone health
status. Assessment of dietary intake was conducted using three-day dietary record. The
mean age of the subjects was 25 ± 3 years. There were 8.6% of the subjects had family
history of osteoporosis, with wrist fracture as the major site of self-reported fracture. The
average score for knowledge was 69.71% and for attitude was 37.4 out of 50. There were
18.5% of the subjects had high level of physical activity. Only 12.3% of the subjects met
the recommended dietary calcium intake. A significant mean difference was found in
knowledge score between urban and rural women (t=2.323, p=0.023). However, there
was no significant difference in terms of attitude (t=-0.13, p=0.911), dietary calcium
intake (t=-0.13, p=0.911), and physical activity (t=-0.13, p=0.911) between urban and
rural population. Health education program should be formulated to increase awareness
of appropriate bone health and promoting preventive behavior related to osteoporosis for
young generation, especially among rural women.
B05 Development of food atlas for babies and toddlers aged 6
to 36 months old
Awina FAA1 and Zahara BAM2
1Program
2Program
Nutrition, School of Healthcare Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia;
Dietetic, School of Healthcare Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Dietary intake recording and measurement with young children can be very challenging
especially with babies and toddlers. Most of the time, health professionals relies on
parents to track and record their young child’s dietary intake. Food atlas will contribute
greatly as a reference tool for parents in estimating the right portion size of food taken by
their children and serve as a great resource for nutritionists, dietitians, and other
clinicians in recording dietary intake and doing research in the future. This study
involved two phases; Phase 1: Data collection. In this phase, a 3 days diet record was
collected from nurseries around Kuala Lumpur. Diet intake of 40 babies and toddlers
aged 6-36 months old. Mean age for the subjects is 24.7±10.4. Subjects are of different
races; 20 Malay (50%), 10 Chinese (25%) and 10 Indian (25%). Data from this phase were
collected in order to enlist common foods eaten and portion size taken by young children
to be included in the atlas. Phase 2: Development of food atlas phase whereby the
process of taking and editing pictures took place. This phase also involved designing the
atlas ranging from choosing suitable fonts to choosing the right combination of colors.
Nutrient content tables were inserted during this phase. There are 8 food categories
included for this atlas which consisted of milk and milk products, cereal products,
proteins, fats, vegetables, fruits, snacks and beverages. In each category, 5 most
common food types were listed based on data collected in the phase 1. Validation and
evaluation phase will be carried out to improve this atlas and most importantly, for it to
be accepted and used by every health professionals and parents in Malaysia.
B06 A study on dietary pattern and nutritional status among
pregnant women enrolled in private medical centre in Bangi
and Kajang
Azizah MH, Nurul Husna M, Siti Asmah M, Syiikhah AR and Rahim MN
Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur
DFH
This cross-sectional study involved 89 pregnant women who are attending antenatal
clinic in private medical centers in Bangi and Kajang, Selangor. The data collection
processes included personal interviews on food frequency questionnaires and 24hr
Dietary Intake Record. For 24hr Dietary Intake Record, the days of recording food intake
were inclusive of two working days and one weekend. Out of total sample, majority were
Malays (93.1%), 4.3% were Indians and 2.6% were Kadazan. Most of the respondents
were in 3rd trimester (56.4%), 30.8 % in 2nd trimester and 12.8% in 1st trimester. The
educational levels of respondents (81.3%) were bachelor degree. Most of the respondents
were working in government sector (83.1%), with a majority of them (47.0%) earning
between RM4000 and RM4999 per month. The dietary pattern of the respondents
showed that their main sources of carbohydrate were rice and white bread. Their main
sources of protein were egg (50.0%), poultry (16.7%) and prawn (23.35%) while their
sources of vitamins and minerals were fruits and vegetables. A high percentage of
respondents were deficient in nutrients like folate, calcium, iron, thiamin and niacin that
were found to be lower than the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). On the
other hand, the mean intakes of protein, vitamin A, riboflavin and vitamin C were found
to be more than RNI. The mean energy intake was 2305.88 ± 1163.80 which is lower
than Malaysian RNI (2695 kcal for pregnant women). Majority of the respondents took
more than one type of supplements to support their nutrient demands.
In conclusion, this study found that most of the pregnant women had lower essential
nutrient intake compared to Malaysian RNI. Therefore, there is a need to address these
problems at national and regional level with the aim of early identification and
prevention to increase the awareness of the community on good nutrition during
pregnancy. By selecting correct food, pregnant woman will gain enough nutrition that
they need during their pregnancy period, Energy and nutrient needs are high during
pregnancy. A balanced diet from each of the main food groups can usually meet these
needs, with the possible exception of iron and folate.
B07 The application of linear programming in developing
healthy, palatable and affordable diet for low income
teenagers
C Nur Azira Liyana CR1, Roslee R1, Nurul Hamizah AH1 and Siti Masitah E2
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam
Malaysia
The objective of this study was to build a healthy diet menu with minimum cost and yet
palatable that meets the recommendation from Malaysia Dietary Guideline (MDG) 2010
for teenagers from low socioeconomic families. A total of 111 subjects (52 boys, 59 girls)
aged 14 years old from Taman Chendana, Pasir Gudang, Johor participated in this
study. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height and waist circumference),
questionnaire and 3-days food record were collected. A linear programming model was
used to select the cheapest food items, based on the food habits and food availability in
the studied area, that met current nutritional recommendations. Additional constraints
on daily intakes of foods and food groups were introduced to ensure the diets were
suitable with local food patterns. Mean weight, height, percentage of body fat, BMI and
waist circumference of the participating teenages was 48.97 +13.06kg, 156.75 + 7.04 cm,
22.17 + 6.94%, 19.85 + 4.92 kg/BMI2 and 63.48 +11 cm. Based on the BMI-for-age, 72%
of teenagers were normal but according to 3days diet record (3DR), their energy intake
were low. An average energy intake in 3DR for girls and boys were about 1543.9+484.27
kcal/days and 1754.9+552.12kcal/day, respectively. Mean carbohydrate (CHO), protein
DFI
and fat intake were 209.5+73.57g/day, 62.20+22.41g/day and 61.03+21.27g/day,
respectively as assessed by 3DR. For micronutrients, majority of the adolescents achieve
the requirements for vitamin A but the results showed that 98% of the subjects did not
achieve the requirements for vitamin D and 95% of the subjects did not achieve the
requirements for calcium. Linear programming was used and an average teenager
requires RM7.51/day to meet the calorie requirement for 2500kcal/day as well as macro
and micronutrients requirements. This would be met with a diet made up of poultry,
ikan tamban, egg, tauhu, spinach, banana, guava, rice, flour, full-cream milk and swamp
cabbage. In conclusion, linear programming can be used to plan a diet which not only
adheres to the recommendation from MDG 2010 but also affordable as the lowest prices
can be determined and palatable as it is based to the local food pattern and habits.
B08 Factors influencing appetite among elderly Malays in
FELDA, Malaysia
Chan PP1, Suzana S1 and Normah CD2
1School
of Health Care Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia; 2Health Psychology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
Poor appetite is interrelated with food intake, nutritional status and psychosocial factors.
Hence, this study aimed to determine the association between body composition, food
intake, level of depression, cognitive status and appetite among elderly people in FELDA,
Sungai Tengi, Malaysia. Bio-impedance analysis (BIA) by Tanita TBF-300, Dietary
History Questionnaire (DHQ), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Mini Mental State
Examination (MMSE) and Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) were
used to measure body composition, food intake, level of depression, cognitive status and
appetite. A total of 159 subjects with mean age 65.0 ± 3.9, 35.8% men (66.9 ± 3.6, n=57)
and 64.2% women (64.0 ± 3.6) participated in this study respectively. Most of the
subjects were overweight (61%, n=97), followed by normal weight (37.1%, n=59) and
underweight (1.9%, n=3). Energy, calcium, thiamin, niacin and vitamin C intake of the
elderly did not fulfill the daily Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of Malaysia. A total of
54.5% (n=87) under-reported and (1.3%, n=2) over-reported their energy intake and
under-reporting and over-reporting were significantly (p<0.01) higher in individual with
abnormal BMI (64.6%, n=62). Women (34.3%, n=35) were at risk of cognitive decline
significantly (p<0.01) higher compare to men (14%, n=8). A total of 61.6% (n=98) had
poor appetite, 27% (n=43) had poor cognitive and 25.8% (n=41) were depressed. Multiple
regression analysis showed that energy intake and depression were significant
prevalence of poor appetite (R2=0.122, p<0.05). In conclusion, poor appetite in elderly is
affected by low energy intake and depression.
B09 Do individuals with fixed orthodontic treatment change
their dietary intake?
Chuah XY1, Zahara BAM2, Asma AAA3 and Nurul AY4
1 Nutrition Program, 2 Dietetic Program School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 3Department of Orthodontic, 4Department of
Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Studies regarding the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on the patient’s dietary
intake pattern were scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the dietary
DFJ
intake and changes in nutritional status among individuals with fixed orthodontic
appliance treatment. A total of 27 orthodontic patients (14.8% males and 85.2% females)
with the mean age of 24.8± 5.9 years who had their last appointment and going to
complete their orthodontic treatment were recruited in this study using convenient
sampling method. A questionnaire comprised of the subjects’ socio-demographic
background, oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and perceptions on the effects of
fixed orthodontic treatment towards food intake was distributed. A 3-days food diary
which consists of two weekdays and one day on the weekend was also completed by the
subjects during orthodontic treatment and after completion of treatment. Anthropometry
measurements were assessed which included body weight, height and percentage of body
fat. Most of the subjects in this study have a normal BMI (66.7%, n=18) while 18.5%
subjects are categorized as underweight and 14.8% subjects as overweight. For the
percentage of body fat, subjects are categorized into normal, normal high and high
categories with 55.6% (n=15), 25.9% (n=7) and 18.5% (n=5) respectively. Results showed
that there were no significant difference (p>0.05) in energy and nutrient intakes among
individuals during orthodontic treatment and after completion of treatment except in the
intake of vitamin C (p=0.039). Subjects in this study also did not show any significant
difference (p>0.05) in the percentage of achieved RNI recommendation for energy and
nutrient intakes except in the percentage of achieved vitamin C recommendation
(p=0.039). There were also no significant difference (p>0.05) in the changes of serving
from each food groups among subjects except in the changes of serving from vegetables
food group (p=0.010). However, subjects’ OHRQoL shown improvement after completion
of treatment if compared to their OHRQoL during treatment period (p=0.004). The
majority of the subjects (55.6%, n=15) perceived that orthodontic treatment had affected
their diet. Most of them faced problems in the intake of guava (77.8%, n=21), apple
(70.4%, n=19) and corn (70.4%, n=19) as well as meat (63%, n=17). In conclusion, there
was no significant difference in the change of dietary intake pattern during fixed
orthodontic treatment and after completion of treatment. Further research that follow the
course of treatment even before initiating a treatment is needed to further examine the
changes in dietary intake pattern of an individual undergoing the fixed orthodontic
treatment.
B10 Biopsychosocial factors of disordered eating among early
adolescents in Selangor
Foong SM and Chin YS
Putra Malaysia
The study aimed to determine the associations between biological (gender, ethnicity,
body mass index [BMI], and pubertal development), psychological (body image
perception, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms), and socio-environmental
(socioeconomic status and sociocultural influences) factors with disordered eating among
early adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 322 students aged 10
and 11 years (mean age = 10.86 ± 0.58 years) from five randomly selected primary
schools in Selangor. Data on biopsychosocial factors and disordered eating were collected
using self-administered questionnaire. Body weight and height of subjects were
measured and their body weight status was determined according to BMI-for-age (zscores). Most of the subjects (63.9%) were normal weight; while 28.2% were overweight
and obese and 7.8% were categorized as thin and severely thin. About two-fifth of the
subjects (40.1%) were at-risk of disordered eating. The associations between disordered
eating with gender, BMI-for-age (z-scores), pubertal development, body weight
perception, depressive symptoms, and socioeconomic status were not significance.
However, disordered eating was found to be positively correlated with body size
DFK
discrepancy (r=0.129, p<0.05), parental influence (r=0.337, p<0.05), peer influence
(r=0.355, p<0.05), and media influence (r=0.228, p<0.05). Negative correlations were
reported between disordered eating with body parts satisfaction (r=-0.173, p<0.05) and
self-esteem (r=-0.143, p<0.05). The mean ChEAT scores were significantly different
among three ethnic groups (λ2K-W=39.385, p<0.05), whereby Chinese subjects had the
lowest mean ChEAT score (12.77 ± 9.43), followed by Indians (21.75 ± 12.17) and Malays
(21.26 ± 15.48). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that ethnicity, body parts
satisfaction, and parental influence explained 18.8% of the variances in the disordered
eating model. In conclusion, future intervention programmes should promote positive
body image, enhance self-esteem, involve parents and take into consideration of cultural
difference in preventing disordered eating among early adolescents.
B11 Validation of Healthy Eating Index (HEI) For Malaysian
Adults
Goh HW and Norimah AK
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was developed to measure the overall diet quality of
population’s dietary intake. The objective of this study was to determine the validity and
reliability of the HEI for Malaysian adults which was developed based on nine
components including seven food groups and two nutrients. The validity of HEI was
assessed by determining it’s ability to capture the various key messages in MDG 2010,
give maximum scores to menus developed by nutrition experts, and measure diet quality
independent of diet quantity (energy intake). The internal consistency which was one
type of reliability test was also assessed. The findings showed that all key messages
related to diet quality were reflected in HEI components except several key messages like
body weight, physical activity, sugar intake, water intake, breast feeding, food safety and
food labelling. Coefficient alpha that measured internal consistency was moderate
(0.313) as each component of HEI measured different and independent aspects of diet.
HEI was then evaluated on 237 healthy subjects (111 Malays, 93 Chinese and 33 Indian)
aged 19 to 59 years in Kuala Lumpur. Food intake of subjects were evaluated through
three day food record and measurement height and weight were taken. The mean score
of the HEI was 51.7%. Only 1.3% subjects consumed good quality diet while majority
had poor HEI (49.4%) or HEI that needed improvement (49.4%). Mean score of HEI was
significantly different between ethnic groups, (p<0.01) with the Malays demonstrating
significantly lower HEI compared with Chinese and Indians. Correlation test revealed no
significant correlation between energy intake and total score of HEI (r=0.98, p>0.05)
which futher supported that HEI measured diet quality independent of diet quantity. In
conclusion, this HEI is a useful index for describing the overall diet quality of Malaysians
adults. Further research such as use of biomarkers in HEI validation is needed.
B12 School nutritional habit and IQ scores among primary
school children in Baghdad City, Iraq
Hasanain Faisal Ghazi
1,2,
Zaleha Md. Isa1, Syed AlJunid1,2 & Azmi Mohd. Tamil
1Department
2UNU-
of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
IIGH (United Nations University, International Institute for Global Health)
DFL
1
Nutrition during the early stages of child development is crucial especially for cognitive
development. Nutritional habit at school is very important as a lot of junk food is being
consumed every day. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional habit of
children at school and it’s relation to intelligence quotient. A cross sectional study was
done in Baghdad city, Iraq to assess the nutritional habit of primary school children and
its relation with their intelligence quotient (IQ) score using standardized tools. Raven’s
Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) tool was used to obtain child IQ score. The total IQ
score is 36 points. Nutrition habit assessed by food frequency questionnaire with total
score of 23 , any score more than 11 points will considered as healthy nutritional habits.
The results showed that 77.7% have high intelligence level. Child nutrition habit in this
study was not good as almost two third of them have bad food habit(74.4%).About the
food consumed at school, (59.7%) of the children buy carbonated, (73.9%) eat chips at
school,(30.8%) eat ice cream and (59.0%) eat chocolate bars every day at school. The
association between nutritional habit and child’s IQ was significant ( p<0.001) and
prevalence odds ratio of 3.3, that’s mean children with bad food habits have 3.3 more
risk to have low IQ compared to children with good food habit. As a Conclusion,
Nutritional habit at school is significantly associated with child’s IQ, more studies with
detailed food habit at home also should be done.
B13 Relationship between socio-demographic status and diet
quality among adults in Kuala Lumpur
Hidayah NI1, Norimah AK1 and Ismail MN2
1Nutrition
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu
Socio-demographic status has always been a confounding variable in most health
research and hence its use as the main variable in the health research is limited. This
study was carried out to determine the relationship between socio-demographic status
and diet quality among adults in Kuala Lumpur. Monthly household income, levels of
education and occupation were the three main variables used as the determinant of
socio-demographic status. A self administered questionnaire was used to determine
these three variables. Subject’s height and weight were measured and subsequently
Body Mass Index was calculated. A 3-days diet recall by interview was used to evaluate
subject’s dietary intake while Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was used to evaluate quality of
subject’s diet. 133 adults (45 men and 88 women) with a mean age of 38.15±9.28 years
participated in this study. Mean Body Mass Index were 26.16 ± 3.94 for men and 27.40 ±
5.24 for women. Overall, 42% of the subjects were overweight and 15% were obese class I
and 7.5% were in the obese class II category. Mean energy intake for men is 1815 ± 198
kcal per day and 1736 ± 242 kcal per day for women with both sexes did not meet the
Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for energy. Nevertheless, 66 subjects were
underreported and 1 subject was over reported their food intake. As for micronutrients,
only Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Thiamin, Riboflavin and Niacin achieved the RNI. Mean
sodium intake was 1895.85 ± 666.11mg with 40.2% of the subject intake exceeding the
Malaysia Dietary Guidelines recommended intake of 2000mg per day. As for diet quality,
mean Healthy Eating Index score was 50.75 ± 10.24 with 56.7% of the subjects were in
the category of diet that needed improvement while 43.3% of subjects were in the
category of poor diet quality. There were no significant difference between score of
Healthy Eating Index with the monthly household income, subject’s level of education
and also occupation. In conclusion, no relationship exists between socio-demographic
status and diet quality; however a larger study need to be carried out to confirmed this
relationship.
DGC
B14 Soft drink consumption, dietary practices, and body
weight status among children aged 9 to 11 years
Hiew WC and Chin YS
Putra Malaysia
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the soft drink consumption among
primary school children in Selangor and its association with dietary practices and body
weight status. This study comprised 179 primary school children aged 9 to 11 years from
three major ethnic groups, which were Malays (49.7%), Chinese (30.7%), and Indians
(19.6%). Body weight and height were measured and BMI-for-age by sex of the children
was assessed. Two-day dietary recall and self-administered soft drink intake
questionnaire were used to determine the dietary practices and soft drink consumption
among children. An average of 480.6+270.0ml soft drink a day was consumed among the
children. Based on the dietary practices of the respondents, nutrients achieved 100%
Recommended Nutrient Intake Malaysia were protein (103.3%), fat (110.0%), riboflavin
(120.3%), Vitamin A (121.7%) and Vitamin C (137.4%). Other nutrients which did not
achieve 100% of Recommended Nutrient Intake Malaysia include carbohydrate (93.6%),
thiamine (86.1%), niacin (87.0%), and calcium (67.4%). Based on WHO (2007), most of
the children were in the normal weight category (64.2%), followed by 27.9% were
overweight and obese, and the remaining were thin and severely thin (7.9%). Among all
the socio-demographic variables, age is the only factor that positively associated with soft
drink consumption (r=0.179; p=0.016). No correlation was found between soft drink
consumption and BMI z-score in children (r=0.025; p=0.743). However, soft drink
consumption was positively associated with total energy intake (r=0.163; p=0.030),
vitamin A (r=0.153; p=0.041), and total sugar intake (r=0.211; p=0.005), but was not
associated with other nutrients examined in this study. In short, a relatively high
consumption of soft drink among children was found in this study. Further research is
needed to examine the long term health consequences of soft drink consumption in
children.
B15 Food expenditure and diet diversity score are predictors
of household food insecurity in low income households in
rural district of Kelantan Malaysia
AN Ihab1, AJ Rohana1, WM Wan Manan2, WN Wan Suriati2, MS Zalilah3 and AM
Rusli1
1Department
of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian,16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.; 2Program of
Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia; 3Program of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 Selangor,
Malaysia
Food insecurity has always been associated with low purchasing power and inadequate
dietary intake in term of quality and quantity. The aim of this study is to identify the
relationship between household food insecurity, food expenditure and diet diversity in
low income households in rural Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey of low income
households was conducted and 223 households of mothers aged 18-55 years old, nonlactating non pregnant mother were purposively selected, A questionnaire was
administered including the Radimer/Cornell scale, items on socio-demographic
DGD
characteristics and food expenditures of eight food groups. Diet diversity score were
analyzed from food frequency questionnaire. Approximately 83.9% of caretakers’
responses indicated that they and members of their households had experienced
periods of food insecurity during the 12 months prior to the interview. This 83.9% was
comprised of 29.6% who experienced household food insecurity, 19.3% mothers whose
responses to the Radimer/Cornell scale indicated individual food insecure and 35.0%
fell into the child hunger category. Food secure households have significantly higher
total food expenditures (P < 0.05) as well as expenditures on fruits and vegetables (p =
0.011), animal source food (p = 0.028) and milk and dairy products (p = 0.047) than
food insecure households. Furthermore, mothers from food insecure households had
lower diet diversity score of grain and cereals, meat and meat products, fish and sea
foods, fruits, vegetables, milk and dairy product and beverages compared to their
counterparts in the food secure group. Based on multinomial logistic regression, total
food expenditure (OR = 0.99; 95% C.I, 0.99, 1.00; p< 0.05) and total diet diversity score
(OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54, 0.75; p < 0.001) were found to be associated with household
food insecurity after controlling for potential confounders. In conclusion the prevalence
of household food insecurity was high and alarming. Inadequate dietary intake is
usually seen in low-income households as direct or indirect consequences of household
food insecurity.
B16 Dietary intake and depressive symptoms among Malay
elderly in Kinta district, Perak
Irni MS & Siti Nur’Asyura A
Depression is projected to be the second leading cause of disability worldwide by 2020.
This cross-sectional study explored the potential role of food on elderly mental health.
Specifically, the aim was to determine the relationship between dietary intake and
depressive symptoms among elderly age 60 years and above. Information on sociodemographic background was obtained through face-to-face interview and dietary intake
was assessed through diet history questionnaire. The short-form 14-items MalayGeriatric Depression Scale-14 (MGDS-14) was used in this study and scoring of 8 and
above indicated presence of depressive symptoms. A total of 80 elder people with mean
age of 69.14±6.975 years were recruited. The study found that the prevalence of
depression among Malay elderly was 33.8% with 35.9% among male elderly and 31.7%
among female elderly. Health status perception was found to be significantly associated
with depressive symptoms (x2=6.983, p<0.05). For dietary intake, among men, a
significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between intakes of energy (r=-0.350),
carbohydrate (r=-0.369) and iron (r=-0.338) with depressive symptoms. A significant
correlation (p<0.05) was also found between intake of energy (r=0.375), fat (r=0.496),
carbohydrate (r=0.367), thiamin (r=0.318) and niacin (r=0.351), among women with
depressive symptoms. In conclusion, these results have important implications for future
research and practice, particularly in the content and timing of messages about healthy
eating and in addressing the risk and protective factors interacting during this time.
DGE
B17 Association of dietary intake, body composition and
estimated energy expenditure of female university students in
relation to their dieting practices
Misra S and Kerk YL
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences,
International Medical University, Malaysia.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary intake, body
composition and estimated energy expenditure of female university students in relation
to their dieting practices. A cross sectional study was conducted among 44 female
university students aged from 18 to 25 years. A dieting questionnaire was used to
investigate the type of dieting practices used by the study subjects. Three day 24 hour
dietary recall was conducted to assess the dietary intake of study subjects. Height, body
weight, waist and hip circumferences and waist to hip ratio were measured to calculate
the BMI and assess body composition. International Physical Activity Questionnaire
(IPAQ) and predictive equation developed by Ismail et al (1998) were used to calculate the
estimated energy expenditure of subjects. From the findings, eating less (93.2%) was the
most popular dieting practice used among subjects, followed by consumed or purchased
low fat food (90.9%) and exercise (86.4%). When compared to RNI 2005, subjects who
had undergone dieting once or twice a week and more than twice a week or every day
showed a deficit in the total energy intake (-11.9%; -9.0%), carbohydrate intake (-25.1%;
-29.4%), calcium intake (-32.5%, -28.7%), but showed excess protein intake (11.8%;
30.2%) and fat intake (23.8%; 31.3%) respectively. Excess iron intake was observed
among those who dieted more than twice a week or every day. Of subjects who had
undergone dieting once or twice a week had a deficit in their iron intake. There was no
significant association between body composition and total energy expenditure with
dieting frequency among subjects. The dieting behaviour among female university
students suggested that appropriate nutrition information and weight management
strategies are needed to educate this group of the population.
B18 Habitual sodium intake and blood pressure among Malay
adults in Kuala Lumpur
Khairun Nisa Z and Norimah AK
Nutrition Program, Science School of Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
Sodium is an essential element needed by the body to function well. However, high
sodium intake is known to increase the risk of high blood pressure. Therefore, this study
was conducted to determine the relationship between sodium intake with systolic (SBP)
and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure among Malay adults (30-59 years old) working on
public sector in Kuala Lumpur. 78 women and 42 men were involved in the study. Food
intake was evaluated with 3 days 24-hour diet recall by interviewed. Assessment for
habitual sodium intake was carried out using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)
which consisted of 74 food items. Anthropometric measurements taken were weight,
height, waist circumference, percent body fat and Body Mass Index (BMI). Systolic and
diastolic blood pressure was also determined. Mean energy intake for men was 1836 ±
259 kcal and women were 1720 ± 215 kcal. The mean habitual sodium intake is not
significantly different, for men was 3430 ± 1648 mg/d while 3276 ± 1731 mg/d for
women. Mean weight of men was 74.27 ±11.32 kg, height 1.68 ± 0.05 m, BMI
26.26±3.91 kg/m2, waist circumference 87.68±10.28 cm and percent body fat
DGF
27.17±4.96 % whereas the mean weight of women was 66.46 ±14.24 kg, height 1.56 ±
0.55 m, BMI 27.23±5.24 kg/m2 , waist circumference 79.47±11.26 cm and percent body
fat 37.0±5.79 %. Two in five men were overweight while one in ten was obese. Similarly,
two in five women were overweight, however almost three in ten women were obese.
Mean SBP for both men and women were in the pre-hypertension category
(127.29±19.68 mmHg in men; 121.50±16.25 mmHg in women). DBP for both sexes were
normal, 79.60±9.62 mmHg (men) and 79.08±11.08 mmHg (women). This study showed
significant correlation between SBP with BMI (r=0.259) and waist circumference
(r=0.368). Significant correlation were shown between DBP and BMI (r=0.328) and waist
circumference (r=0.332). Habitual sodium intake per day were significantly higher in
younger than older adults, irrespective of sex (<40 year old men, 3559.78±1855.58 mg/d
while >40 years old men 3257.09±1355.87 mg/d; <40 year old women 3676.03±1751.71
mg/d while >40 years old women 2374.58±1319.94 mg/d). 83.3% men and 78.2 %
women were consuming sodium above the recommended 2000 mg/d. By age, majority
younger men and women were eating more than recommended sodium intake (87.5% of
men below 40 years and 88.9 % of women below 40 years). The top 15 food items
frequently consumed by subjects which contributed to the sodium intake were fried mee,
fried rice, Nasi Lemak, bee hoon soup, soy sauce, chili sauce, oyster sauce, instant
noodle, burger (chicken,beef), mee Bandung, French fries nugget, shrimp paste, flavor
cube and chicken rice. These foods contributed 60% of sodium from the min sodium
intake per day. This study demonstrated that BMI and WC were significantly associated
with SBP and DBP, however not with sodium intake and percent body fat.
B19 Body image perception, physical activity level, body
weight status and eating behaviours among female
adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor
Khoo YC and Mohd Nasir MT
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor
This cross-sectional study determined the association between body image perception,
physical activity level and body weight status with eating behaviours of 384 Form Four
female students from five secondary schools in Petaling District, Selangor. Height, weight
and waist circumference were measured and BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) (WHO, 2007) was
determined. Eating behaviours, body image perception and physical activity were
assessed using Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), Multidimensional Body Image Scale
(MBIS) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), respectively. There
were 65.1% Malay respondents, 28.6% Chinese, 6.0% Indians and 0.1% others. The
mean monthly household income was RM 4833.96±5561.99 and majority of the
respondents’ mother (56.8%) attained secondary education. The prevalence of severe
thinness (0.8%) and thinness (4.4%); whereas prevalence of overweight (13.0%) and
obesity (9.1%). The mean waist circumference was 68.69±9.75cm and 11.2% of
respondents were abdominally obese (cut-off point= 80.8cm) (Poh et al., 2011). Further,
32.6% were at risk of eating disorders and 27.1% of respondents were in the highest
tertile risk of developing negative body image. There were 66.7%, 32.3% and 1.0% of the
respondents categorised with low, moderate and high physical activity level.
Preoccupation with thinness and dieting behaviour (r=0.440, p<0.01), appearance and
body satisfaction (r=0.134, p<0.01), body importance (r=-0.376, p<0.01), muscle
increasing behavior (r=-0.284, p<0.01), extreme dieting behavior (r=0.182, p<0.01),
appearance importance (r=-0.315, p<0.01), perception of body size and shape (r=0.131,
p<0.05), MBIS composite score (r=0.105, p<0.05), physical activity (r=0.217, p<0.01),
BMI-for-age z-score (r=0.214, p<0.01) and waist circumference (r=0.149, p<0.01) were
DGG
significantly associated with eating behaviors. Multiple linear regression analysis showed
that preoccupation with thinness, MBIS composite score, extreme dieting behaviour and
BMI-for-age z-score explained about 28.5% of the variance in disordered eating
behaviour (F=34.788, p<0.001). Hence, future intervention programmes can focus on
promoting positive body image and healthy body weight in preventing disordered eating
behaviour among female adolescents.
B20 Daily breakfast consumption among adolescents and its
associated factors
Law LS, Mohd Nasir MT and Hazizi AS
Putra Malaysia. 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor
A study was carried out among 375 (males: 32.0%, females: 68.0%) (Chinese: 39.5%,
Iban: 26.4%, Malay: 17.1%, and Melanau: 17.1%) form four and five students (mean age
= 16.45 ± 0.53 years old) in Sibu, Sarawak to determine the difference between daily
breakfast takers and breakfast skippers. Data on sociodemographic background, eating
attitudes, nutrition knowledge, supplement intake, and meal consumption were collected
using a self-administered questionnaire. Body weight and height were measured using
standard procedures and BMI-for-age z-score was determined. There were 19.7% of the
students (males: 18.3%, female: 20.4%) who were found to have disordered eating, 14.4%
had low nutrition knowledge (22.5% male and 10.6% female), and 15.0% males and
16.1% females were taking supplements. The prevalence of daily breakfast, lunch, and
dinner takers were 59.7% (males: 67.5%, females: 56.1%), 76.3% (males: 73.3%, females:
77.6%), and 64.8% (males: 75.0%, females: 60.0%), respectively. Some 23.7% were found
to have unhealthy body weight status (males: 27.5%, females: 22.0%). Significant
associations were found between daily breakfast consumption and gender (χ2 = 3.964, p
= 0.034), daily lunch (χ2 = 17.774, p = 0.0001), daily dinner (χ2 = 15.385, p = 0.0001),
eating attitude (χ2 = 5.833, p = 0.016), and body weight status (χ2 = 4.032, p = 0.045).
Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being a male was significantly more
likely than a female to have daily breakfast (OR = 1.654, 95% CI = 1.018-2.685), whereas
skippers of daily lunch (OR = 0.430, 95%CI = 0.251-0.734) and daily dinner (OR = 0.608,
95%CI = 0.377-0.982) were less likely to have daily breakfast. Understanding breakfast
consumption pattern among adolescents is important in planning healthy lifestyle
intervention programs for them.
B21 Obesity and fast food consumption among adolescence
in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Lee PS and Wan Abdul Manan WM
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
For the past ten years, a growth environment that encourages the overconsumption of
food energy and discourages physical activity has led to the current epidemic of obesity
in adolescents. This cross sectional study was designed to determine prevalence of
overweight and obesity for 12-16 year old adolescents in Kota Bharu, Kelantan and to
examine the association between overweight and obesity with fast food consumption. A
survey was administered to 306 students from 5 secondary schools in the district of Kota
DGH
Bharu, Kelantan. Their height, weight and body fat were also measured. Students in
form 1, 2 and 4 who were enrolled in participating schools, had parental consent and
were present on the day of data collection were selected. Data collections were done in
March 2012. Results showed that out of 306 respondents, 10.1% were found to be at
risk of overweight and 11.8% were overweight. 23.5% of respondents were obese
according to their percentage of body fat. There were no clear associations observed
between frequency of fast food restaurant use and measures of BMI (p≥0.05, p=0.379) as
well as body fat (p≥0.05, p=0.071). However, respondents categorized as at risk of
overweight and overweight were associated with consumption of larger fast food serving
size (p<0.05, p=0.025), which contributes to higher calorie intake. In conclusion, fast
food serving size is a better predictor for obesity than the frequency of fast food
consumption.
B22 Body image perception, dietary practices, physical
activity and body weight status of adolescents in Petaling
District, Selangor
Lee PS & Mohd Nasir MT
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the associations between body
image perception, dietary practices and physical activity with body weight status of 412
Form Four students in Petaling District, Selangor. A self-administered questionnaire
comprising Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale (MBIS), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT26), questions on breakfast consumption and Physical Activity Questionnaire for
Adolescents (PAQ-A) was used for data collection. A one-day 24-hour dietary recall was
conducted to assess the dietary intake. Body weight, height and waist circumference
were measured and body weight status was determined using the WHO 2007 BMI-forage reference. The respondents comprised 66.3% Malay, 28.4% Chinese and 5.3% Indian
aged 15-16 years. More males were overweight (26.5%) and underweight (8.2%) than
females (21.3% overweight and 5.1% underweight) while more females (13.4%) were
abdominally obese than males (11.7%). More females (24.1%) were at the highest tertile
of developing body image disturbance than males (20.4%), and more females (36.1%)
were also at risk of eating disorders than males (20.9%). The overall energy intake of
students was below the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) levels. The
percentage of energy intake was lower than 55% for carbohydrate, higher than 15% for
protein and higher than 30% for fat. There were more males (43.4%) who consumed
breakfast daily than females (33.3%). Females (56.9%) were less physically active than
males (79.1%). There were significant associations between body image perception
(r=0.536, p=0.000), eating attitude and behavior (r=0.152, p=0.002) and carbohydrate
intake (r=0.-132, p=0.007) with BMI-for-age z-scores. Multiple linear regression analysis
found that perception of body size and shape, sex, preoccupation with thinness and
dieting behavior and mothers’ education level explained about 65.9% of the variance in
body weight status (F=87.453, p<0.001). Intervention programmes focusing on body
image and healthy eating should be planned and implemented for these adolescents.
DGI
B23 Effect of nutrition education on reducing the intake of
sugar sweetened beverages among primary school Malay
students in Kuala Lumpur
Lin EY, Norimah AK and Ismail MN
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages has been associated with increased risk of
obesity, tooth decay and lower diet quality among the children. A recent study among
primary school children in Malaysia found that the primary school children had high
intake of sugar sweetened beverages. Therefore, the objective of this study is to
determine the effect of nutrition education on reducing the consumption of sugar
sweetened beverages among primary school children in Kuala Lumpur. One hundred and
three Malay students in standard four (32 males and 71 females) from two national
schools in Kuala Lumpur took part in this study. Height and weight were measured at
baseline and the intake of sugar sweetened beverages was assessed through interviewed
24-hour diet call before and after intervention. Nutrition education was carried out in
four sessions and the activities were talks, quiz and practical session. Students were
encouraged to reduce consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and to replace the
beverages with water. At baseline, mean sugar sweetened beverages consumption was
2.2 ± 1.2cups for boys and 2.4 ± 1.1 cups for girls. Mean sugar intake from beverages
was 51.3 ± 29.9 g for boys and 52.3 ± 22.7 g for girls. Majority of the students took 2
cups of sugar sweetened beverages per day (boys 34.4%, girls 49.3%) and around 40% of
the students took at least 3 cups of sugar sweetened beverages per day (boys 40.7%,
girls 38%). Most consumed beverages were malted chocolate drink, sweetened tea and
fruit drinks. There were 43.8% boys and 15.5% girls reported not taking plain water.
Four weeks after intervention, the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages for girls
had decreased to 2.05 ± 1.24 cup (p<0.05) and mean sugar intake had decreased to 45.9
± 29.4 g (p<0.05). Consumption of malted chocolate drink had decreased significantly
(p<0.01). For boys, the mean intake of sugar sweetened beverages and sugar intake from
beverages had not decreased. Plain water consumption had increased for both boys and
girls. Percentage of students who did not take plain water had reduced (boys 18.7 %;
girls 7.1%). In conclusion, the nutrition education plays a role in reducing the
consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and increasing the intake of plain water
among the primary school students and its effect is better for girls. Different intervention
might be needed for the male students.
B24 Exploring the relationship between added sugars intake
and weight status among children in Kuala Lumpur
Low SX, Nik Shanita S and Norimah AK
School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Added sugar may play a role in the current obesity epidemic. Consumption of added
sugars was linked to a rise in non-communicable diseases. The objective of this cross
sectional study was to determine the relationship between added sugars intake and
weight status among children in Kuala Lumpur. Anthropometric measurements included
weight and height, while body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A total of 74 boys and
101 girls aged 9 to 11 years old from 4 schools involved in this study. Estimation of
added sugars intake was based on the 2 days 24-hour dietary recalls. Majority (65.7%) of
the children were categorized in normal weight while the incidences of overweight, obese
DGJ
and underweight were 14.3%, 18.9% and 1.1% respectively. There was a significant
difference between mean energy intake of boys (1971±373 kcal/day) and girls
(1825±311kcal/day) (p<0.05). Mean intake of added sugars was 61.7±30.5g,
approximately to 12 teaspoons which accounted for 13% of total energy intake. Boys
(67.6±31.6g) and girls (58.1±29.4g) consumed similar amount of added sugars (p>0.05).
Overweight and obese subjects consumed significantly higher mean added sugars intake
(72±34.5g) compared to normal weight subjects (57.3±27.6g) (p<0.05). A Pearson
correlation indicated a weak but positive correlation between added sugars and BMI
(r=0.257, p<0.01). This study concluded that added sugars consumption increased along
with BMI. Therefore, public health activities should emphasize more on advising the
community regarding limitation of added sugars consumption especially in children.
B25 Child feeding practices in malnourished children - Does
it different with well-nourished children?
Maizatul Azlina CD and Zahara AM
Dietetic Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Commencement of nutrient dense complementary food at six months of age and
providing adequate amount of energy and nutrients in accordance to children's ages,
gives a broad array of positive impact on children growth curves and development. This
study aimed to compare child feeding practices of malnourished with well-nourished
children. A simple random sampling, community based case-control study was carried
out which involved 57 malnourished children (case); 62 well-nourished children (control)
in Kuala Langat, Selangor. Subjects in case group were matched with subjects in the
control group by age, gender and residential area. Anthropometry measurements, child
feeding practices including breast feeding and complementary feeding practices were
obtained. One third (33.3%) of children in the case group and 21.0% in the control group
were breastfed exclusively up to 6 months (p = 0.13). There was no significant difference
in duration of exclusive breastfeeding between groups (p = 0.45). Over a half of children
in both groups had initiated complementary feeding at 6 months. However, 75.4%
mothers in the case group introduced commercial cereal products or other foods as the
first complementary food to their child instead of home cooked mixed rice porridge as
compared to the control group (62.9%) (p = 0.14). Years of mother's education was
positively correlated with age of children initiated with complementary feeding in the case
group (r = 0.29, p = 0.028) but not in the control group (r = 0.073 , p = 0.574). Families
with more than 2 children are 2.2 folds more likely to have malnourished children (OR =
2.2, 95% CI = 1.04 - 4.53). Household income was negatively correlated with the
duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the case group, (rs = - 0.29, p = 0.029) and in the
control group, (rs = - 0.259, p = 0.042). The longer the duration of formula feeding, the
later the children were initiated with complementary feeding in the control group (r =
0.324, p = 0.01) but not in the case group (r = - 0.111, p = 0.411). There was no
difference in child feeding practices between malnourished and well-nourished children.
The number of children was the only risk factor for malnutrition in this community.
However, nutritional education should emphasis on exclusive breastfeeding up to 6
months and the importance of introducing home cooked mixed rice porridge as
complementary food when their babies ages reach 6 months.
DGK
B26 Association between body mass index, dietary calcium
intake and level of physical activity with bone health status
among elderly
Ng CS and Zaitun Y
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the association between body
mass index, dietary calcium intake and level of physical activity with bone health status
among elderly in Sri Petaling, Malaysia. Socio-demographic information, family history of
osteoporosis, body mass index (BMI), dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and level of
physical activity were obtained through a face-to-face administered interview
questionnaire. Dietary calcium was assessed using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency
Questionnaire (SFFQ). Physical activity was measured by the Rapid Assessment of
Physical Activity (RAPA). Weight, height and bone health status were measured using
TANITA digital weighing scale, SECA body meter and ultrasonometer (QUS-2 TM). All
statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 18. A total of 138 subjects with
an age range of 60-84 years old were recruited. Only 6.5% of the subjects had family
history of osteoporosis. The mean weight and height of the subjects were 63.17±14.03kg
and 1.60±0.12m, respectively. The mean BMI was 24.32±3.42 kg/m2. A total of 35.5% of
the subjects were classified as overweight or obese and 5.1% of them were underweight.
The mean dietary calcium intake of the subjects was 591.99±351.96 mg/day. About 85%
of the subjects had daily calcium intake of less than the Recommended Nutrient Intakes
(RNI) for Malaysian. The proportion of subjects who were physically active was higher
than those who were inactive. The average value for BUA was 90.49 ± 20.77 dB/MHz
and within the range of 50.00 to 140.00 dB/MHz. A total of 27.6% of the subjects had
low bone mass at the calcaneal (T-score<-1.0). BUA was significantly correlated with
physical activity (r=0.168, p=0.049) and BMI (r=0.335, p=0.0001). The findings also
revealed no significant correlation between dietary calcium with bone health status. Free
living elderly should be given further intervention or follow up in improving dietary
calcium intake and achieving optimal body weight in order to have better bone health
status.
B27 Assessing food intake pattern among adults in Bertam,
Kepala Batas
Norjana I, Yusfizahani MY, Nazirah GM, Nurdiana ZA, Nur Syafawati S, Norhiman
A, Hazwani AY, Lesley N, Kavitha CS, Ahmad Munir CM, and Rabindarjeet S
Healthy Lifestyle Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
Frequent consumption of fast and processed foods potentially could contribute to high
risk of non-communicable diseases. Information on the widely used fast and processed
foods consumed by a community would provide information to develop intervention
programmes to establish healthy eating practices in a community. Data were collected as
a part of a bigger study that investigated the impact of lifestyle interventions on health
status of Bertam community. The objective of this study was to identify the most widely
consumed fast and processed foods among 18-70 year old adults (n=75) from phase 2,
Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang state using a food frequency questionnaire. The
qualitative food frequency questionnaire used consisted a list of food items widely
DGL
consumed by the local community that captured frequency of consumption of fast and
processed foods over a week’s time as never, less than once a week, 1-3 times a week,
and four or more times a week. In addition, respondents were asked how often they
visited fast food restaurants, the beverages commonly consumed, how often they cooked
at home and widely used food preparation methods. Data were reduced to frequent
consumers (i.e.1-3 times a week, and four or more times a week) and less frequent
consumers (i.e. never and less than once a week) for analysis. Information on the
sociodemographic background of respondents was also collected. The result showed that
the most frequent processed food consumed was ‘kuih-muih’ (59%), followed by bread
and biscuits with sweets filling (57%), sauces (49%) and candies (29%). The respondents
had a good habit of drinking plain water (99%) frequently. Other beverages widely
consumed included tea (72%) and preserved fruit juices (57%). Almost 81% of the
respondents cooked at home and widely used food preparation methods were stir-frying
(87%) and frying (85%) than boiling/stewing (61%). Forty seven respondents (63%)
visited fast food restaurants >1 time/month. In conclusion, greater than half of our
study population frequently consumed fast and processed foods that might contribute to
their additional energy, fat and sodium intake in this rural setting. Education of healthy
eating practices and foods might help to curtail the growing problems of noncommunicable diseases in this community.
B28 Breakfast habits, attention-concentration and academic
achievement among primary school year 5 in Sepang,
Selangor
Nur Ain R & Rokiah MY
This study aimed to compare between breakfast habits with attention-concentration and
academic achievement. A total of 156 children aged 11 years were selected from SK Sg
Merab Luar and SK Dato Abu Bakar Baginda. A self-administered questionnaire was
used to obtain socio-demographic data, breakfast habits and parental involvement
status. Type of foods taken was assessed using food frequency questionnaire while,
attention-concentration and academic achievement were procured using Letter
Cancellation test and school previous year test score respectively. From the result,
breakfast habits was classified into 3 groups; nearly half (46.2%) were classified as
regular (Group I), 44.9% as irregular (Group II) and 9.0% of no breakfast (Group III).
Majority of the respondents (88.0%) consumed their breakfast at home with mostly
prepared by parents (84.5%). Mean score for attention-concentration were 64.39+1.86,
63.46+1.95 and 47.21+4.90 for Group I, Group II and Group III respectively and the
different was significant (p<0.05). In terms of academic achievement, Group I children
scored better in English, Mathematics, Bahasa Melayu as well as total percentage
compared to Group II and Group III children . However, the different was not significant
(p>0.05). There were significant differences in the attention-concentration (t=-2.06,
p<0.05) and academic achievement (t = -3.43, p<0.05) between male and female.
Notwithstanding the breakfast composition, regular breakfast habits did give beneficial
effect on cognitive performance either in short term through attention-concentration or
long term benefits towards academic achievement. Therefore, steps should be taken in
promoting good breakfast habits especially among the school age children.
DHC
B29 Survey of use, attitude and knowledge of herbal products
among staff in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Nur-Nadzirah A and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
The use of herbal products had been increased in Malaysia over the years. Many herbal
products company were built over the past years. However, only a little had known about
the products and their safety. The objective of this study is to determine the use, attitude
and knowledge of herbal products among staffs at Universiti Sains Malaysia. The
questionnaire distributed to staffs using 2 methods which are via online and manual.
The questionnaire consists of 7 parts with the total of 41 questions including health
status, socio-demographics data, knowledge, attitude and usage of herbal products. A
total of 280 staffs participated in this study with only 53 (18%) of them used the herbal
products. Green tea, Labisia pumila, Eurycoma longifolia (long jack) were the most
frequently used by the respondents. Among the respondents, 48 (17.1%) were taking
medications. There have been misperceptions regarding herbal products. 83 (29.6%)
believed that it is not dangerous to take herbs with some prescription medicine and 103
(36.8%) wrongly beliefs that the herbal product content are the same among different
brand names. However, 273 (97.5%) were interested to receive more information
regarding herbal products. So, there are high possibilities that the Ministry of Health or
any health department can provide education to community regarding the herbal
products.
B30 Construction of healthy and palatable diet for low
socioeconomic adult women using Linear Programming
Nurul Hamizah AH1, Roslee R1 ,Che Nur Azira Liyana CR1, and Siti Masitah E2
1School
of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia; 2Faculty Sciences and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia.
Socio-economic differences resulted in difference food choices especially among low
socioeconomic individuals. Many studies showed low socioeconomic individuals tend to
choose energy-dense foods due to their low price as compared to high nutrient-dense
foods. Thus cost or food price is one of the key factors in healthy eating achievement.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a healthy diet, based on Malaysian
Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010, at minimum cost that is also palatable for low
socioeconomic adult women using a mathematical method known as Linear
Programming. A cross sectional study was first conducted at several low cost flats in
Pasir Gudang, Johor Bharu involving 96 female respondents aged between 30 to 59
years old. Their sociodemographic, nutritional status, food pattern and food prices were
assessed. Respondents were asked to fill up a set of questionnaire which consist of sociodemographic, socio-economic, and series of questions regarding their life and knowledge.
Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist circumference, body fat
percentage and body mass index (BMI) were also recorded. 3 days diet records (2 days
weekdays and 1 weekend) have been filled up by respondents to determine their food
intake and pattern and then the datas were compared to the Recommended Nutrient
Intake (RNI). The mean family income were RM 1599.59 ± 620.98 where only about RM
377.92 ± 142.73 were used to buy food. Anthropometric measurements of mothers
showed that 28.1% were underweight, 37.5% were normal, and 34.5% were either
overweight or obese. 39 respondents who reported normal food records only fulfilled
DHD
vitamin A recommendation and majority of their energy intake came from fat and
protein. The outcome from the mathematical model using Linear Programming showed
that adult women in Pasir Gudang, Johor needs to spend about RM 5.80 per day to meet
their nutritional requirements for 1500 kcal at the lowest cost.
B31 The factors associated with the poor appetite among
elderly at Rumah Seri Kenangan
Nurul Huda A and Zuriati I
Putra Malaysia
Loss of appetite is one of the problems that commonly suffered among elderly. A crosssectional study was conducted to determine the factors that associated with the poor of
appetite among 95 elderly (51 men and 44 women, mean age 69.1 ± 7.0 years old) at
Rumah Seri Kenangan in Melaka, Cheras and Seremban. Respondents were interviewed
to obtain information on socio-demographic, health status and three-days 24-hour
dietary recall while appetite score and depression level was assessed using the Council of
Nutrition Appetite Questionnaires (CNAQ) and Geriatric Depression scale (GDS). Body
weight, height, arm span and triceps measurement were recorded. Results showed that
the highest percentage of health problem among respondents was hypertension (34.7%).
About 16.8% of respondents were classified as chronic energy deficiency (CED) type I to
III, 45.3% as normal, 25.3% overweight and 12.6% were obese. About 10.5% had muscle
wasting based on mid upper arm circumference’s (MUAC) cut off points. Almost half of
the respondents had depression. The mean of energy and nutrients intake were less than
the Recommendation Nutrient Intake of Malaysia (RNI), except for vitamin A and vitamin
C. 48% of the respondents had poor appetite. The poor appetite was significantly higher
in women elderly (63.6%) compared to men (35.3%). The CNAQ scores were found
significantly associated with women, older age group (≥75 year old) and hypertension.
The CNAQ scores were significantly correlated with MUAC, depression level, energy,
carbohydrate and niacin intake. In conclusion, the study showed that poor appetite was
prevalent especially in women and this was related with advanced age, MUAC,
hypertension, depression and inadequate nutrient intake as per recommended. Thus,
more attention and intervention strategies are required to prevent the poor appetite
problem progressed to malnutrition and other health problems.
B32 Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010:
Understanding of key words and five key messages among
Indian adults in Kuala Lumpur.
Nurul Idayu M and Norimah AK
Nutrition Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia.
The Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010 with 14 key messages was an updated
version and a useful tool to promote healthy eating and active lifestyle. The objective of
this study was to determine the understanding of key words and messages of MDG
among 103 Indian adults comprising of 63 women and 40 men aged 20-59 years old in
Kuala Lumpur. There were 58 young adults (20-39 years old) and 45 older adults (40-59
years old) involved in this study. The anthropometric measurement including body
weight, height, waist circumference and body fat percentage were measured. A self-
DHE
administrated questionnaire was used to evaluate demographic data and the
understanding of the five messages of MDG which were (i) eat variety of foods within
recommendation, (ii) maintain healthy weight range, (iii) be physically active every day,
(iv) eat fruits and vegetables everyday and (v) limit the intake of high fat food and reduce
fats and oils in food preparation. The score of MDG were categorized as poor (<50),
moderate (50-75) and good level (>75). Majority of the subjects had tertiary education
level (46.6%), were married (59.2%) and working adults (89.3%) with moderate household
income (42.7%). The mean BMI for men (27.87±4.57 kg/m²) and women (25.84±5.59
kg/m²) were categorized as overweight while mean waist circumference for men indicated
central obesity. Women had significantly higher mean fat percentage (34.86±8.01 %)
than men. The results showed that majority (59.2 %) of subjects were not aware of the
existence of the MDG. However most of them (76.7%) were more familiar with the food
pyramid; where women (50.7%) and young adults (46.5%) were more aware of the MDG
and the food pyramid. The mean score of understanding of the key words and key
messages was 48.88±15.86 which was in poor level and much lower compared to
previous studies for Malays, 61.1±16.0 (Mah & Norimah 2010), Chinese, 72.21±15.338
(Yow & Norimah 2011) and Indians, 60.0±18.9 (Norimah et al 2010). Women
(49.29±16.0) had higher score than men (48.25±15.8), but not significant (p>0.05).
However, younger adults (52.86±13.9) had significantly better understanding (p<0.05)
than older adults (43.76±16.9). Of the five key messages tested, subjects did not
understand such key words as serving size (78%), sedentary habits (69%), unsaturated
fats (61%), blended vegetables oils (68%) and vigorous physical activity (60%). As for the
key recommendation statements that had many subjects confused included ‘accumulate
30 minutes per day of moderate intensity physical activity, preferably daily’ (74%) and
‘limit the intake of saturated fats to less than 10% of total daily calorie intake’ (73%).
There was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between understanding of MDG with BMI,
fat percentage, education level as well as monthly income. More effective education and
promotion on MDG need to be continued to ensure Malaysian adults improve their
understanding of MDG and hence can practice healthier eating habits lifestyle.
B33 Whole grain consumption patterns among adults in
Klang Valley
Nurulasyikin M & Norimah AK
The Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) recommends half of daily cereals and grains
intake as whole grain. The objective of this study was to determine the whole grain
consumption patterns among 124 adults aged 18- 59 years old in Klang Valley. The
consumption pattern was evaluated using a dietary history questionnaire which
consisted of 18 food items and a whole grain food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)
consisting of 11 items of whole grain foods. Anthropometric measurements such as body
weight, height, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were
measured. Majority of the subjects (78.2%) were Malays and 21.8% were Indians. About
half (55.6%) were low household income earners. The commonly consumed whole grain
foods among Malays and Indians were whole wheat crackers (24.7%), barley (18%), oats
(17.7%), and whole grain cereals (14%). High-whole grain foods such as muesli, brown
rice, and granola bars were commonly consumed by the Indians. Majority of the subjects
ate whole grain foods only 1-3 times per month, while another third consumed less than
3 times a week. Only one in ten subjects consumed whole grain foods every day. The
mean whole grain intake (g/day) was significantly higher among women than men (14.5
± 13.0; vs 10.2 ± 12.33, p = 0.03). Indians were also eating significantly higher than
Malays (21.0 ± 13.6; vs 10.9 ± 11.9, p<0.001). No significant differences were shown
DHF
between whole grain intake with income and age. For anthropometric measurement,
41.5% of men and 27.7% of women were overweight whereas 12.2% of men and 18.1% of
women were centrally obese. 65% of men and 51% of women had high body fat
percentage. There were no correlation between the mean intake of whole grain with the
BMI (r= 0.162, p= 0.207), waist circumference (r =0.121, p= 0.368), and body fat
percentage (r= -0.005, p= 0.967) among men. However there were correlations between
the mean intake of whole grain with BMI (r= 0.167, p= 0.048) and waist circumference
(r= 0.180) among women. In conclusion, whole grain intake among adults in Klang Valley
was poor and did not meet the recommendation of the MDG. Intensive nutrition
education and promotion interventions are needed to increase whole grain intake among
Malaysians.
B34 Dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy
expenditure of male university students in relation with their
dieting practices
Misra S and Ong SW
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences,
International Medical University, Malaysia.
Dieting is a common phenomenon among university students. Many studies on dieting
focused only on females or involved males only for gender comparison. Hence, data on
dieting practices among males are insufficient. Therefore, this study has been
undertaken to determine the dieting practices among male university students and their
current dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy expenditure (EEE). A
total of 45 male undergraduate students with a dieting history participated in this study.
Dieting practices used by the students in the past was assessed by a self-reported
questionnaire consisting of 13 items regarding weight control behaviours. Three days
twenty-four-hour dietary recall was used to assess their dietary intake. Height, weight
and percentage of body fat were measured to assess their body composition. Physical
activity level (PAL) was determined using International Physical Activity Questionnaire
(IPAQ) and the results obtained were used in the calculation of EEE using the predictive
equation. One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test in Statistical Package for Social
Science (SPSS) version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results revealed that
increasing exercise was most frequently used to control weight among participants (89%)
followed by avoiding snacks between meals (82.2%) and cutting down the amount of food
(77.8%). Unhealthy and extreme dieting practices, such as consuming weight reducing
pills and smoking, were uncommon. There is no significant relationship between dieting
frequency and BMI (p>0.05). Majority (42.2%) of the subjects had a moderate PAL, yet
low PAL was commonly observed among obese students (40%). EEE per kilogram of body
weight was found to be lower among higher BMI group whereas, obese students had a
significantly lower EEE (29.3kcal/kg) (p<0.05) when compared to both normal weight
(36.0kcal/kg) and overweight subjects (35.6kcal/kg). Less than 65% of subjects met the
Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) in the selected nutrients studied. Though,
unhealthy dieting practices among this group was of less concern, yet there
seems to be a need to increase awareness on healthy eating and physical
activity for weight management among young adults.
DHG
B35 Knowledge and attitude on breastfeeding among
pregnant women in rural area of Sarawak
Razali M1, Nylen K2 and Chan YS2
1Nutrition Unit, Divisional Health Office, Betong Division, Sarawak; 2Family Health
Development Unit, Divisional Health Office, Betong Division, Sarawak
It is well established that breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for newborns by
providing the psychological and health benefit to both mother and infants. This is a
cross-sectional study conducted on 110 pregnant women in rural area of Betong
Division, Sarawak. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude on
breastfeeding among pregnant women attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH)
clinics in Betong Division. In addition, the study was also carried out to identify the main
source of information on breastfeeding among respondents. The mean age of respondents
was 28.1 years (range between 15 to 45 years). The mean gestational age of the current
pregnancy was 27.6 weeks. The results showed that 98.2% of respondents knew that
breast milk was the best nutrition for the first six month of newborn’s life. Respondents
also agreed that breast milk had a protective effect towards diseases (97.3%), improve
bonding between mother and infant (97.3%), reduce the risks of diarrhoea (87.3%) and
the ultimate benefits of colostrum for their infants (72.7%). Nevertheless, majority of
respondents had two misconceptions on breastfeeding. Most of them agreed to stop
breastfeeding when the mother and/or infants were sick. They also believed that clear
fluids should be given to the exclusively breastfed infants. In aspect of attitude, most
respondents showed a positive attitude towards breastfeeding. 98.2% says that
breastfeeding is easier than bottle feeding. All mothers would commence breastfeeding as
soon possible after baby was delivered. In addition, respondents agreed that
breastfeeding had no negative effect on their marital relationship (77.3%), were willing to
breastfeed their infants anywhere (93.6%), agreeable to the banning of the use of bottles
and teats in hospitals (82.7%) and would not stop breastfeeding if their husband
discouraged them (80.9%). Most mothers (96.4%) also mentioned that their family and
communities supported them to practice breastfeeding. Nurses in the clinics were chosen
as the main source of breastfeeding information by 70.0% of respondents. Other sources
of information were mass media (10.0%), breastfeeding support group (7.3%), an
experienced mother (6.4%), printed media (4.5%) and doctors (1.8%). Most of the
respondents (57.3%) did not know that World Breastfeeding Week is celebrated in the
first week of August every year.
B36 Validation of food frequency questionnaire of selected
local soy products and isoflavones intake with three days food
record
Sh. Nur Aisyah SMS and Hasnah H
Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is important in determining the
accuracy of the dietary intake of a certain population. The objective of this study was to
validate the FFQ of local soy products and isoflavones with 3 day diet record (3DR)
using Malay subjects at National University of Malaysia (UKM), campus of Kuala
Lumpur. This cross sectional study involved 100 Malay workers of UKM, Kuala Lumpur
campus between the age range of 20 to 59 years. Anthropometric measurements such
DHH
as height and weight of subjects were also measured. Subjects were interviewed directly
for both FFQ and 3DR. The results showed that the average intake of soy products
(15.36g) and isoflavones (54.33g) measured by the FFQ was significantly higher (p<0.05)
than the intake of soy products (14.00g) and isoflavones (22.90g) measured by 3DR.
There was a weak correlation between these two methods for both total intakes of soy
products (r=0.10) and isoflavones (r=0.12). Analysis of plot Bland Altman was carried out
for both soy products and isoflavones intakes and results showed an agreement between
the FFQ and 3DR by the distribution of the data between ±2 standard deviation lines. In
conclusion, this FFQ seems to be acceptable for assessing the intake of soy products and
isoflavones among the Malay adults. However, modifications should be made to make the
FFQ to be more accurate in estimating the intakes of soy products and isflavones.
B37 Hydration status for squash: how much do the national
athletes sweat?
Shareena Delaila MS and Chai WJ
Sports Nutrition Centre, National Sports Institute of Malaysia
Squash is a high-impact sports that require maximum strength and energy boost with
the limited time of fluid consumption between the sets of the games that can lead to
dehydration. The objective of this study is to determine the hydration status of the
national squash athletes during Asian Squash Championship in 2011 and 2012. The
test was done on 26 male elite athletes aged 21 to 26 years old with mean weight, height,
sum seven of skinfold and muscle mass were 72.04±8.59 kg, 179.63±1.91 cm,
39.24±6.74 mm and 67.96±5.17 kg respectively. The hydration status was determined by
using the sweat rate that was measured by weighing the athletes before and after game
and the volume of fluids consumed during game was recorded. Sweat rate was calculated
by dividing weight loss with duration of the game. The mean sweat rate of the athletes
that competed in Asian Squash Championship 2011 was higher (0.77±0.41 ml/min/kg)
than in 2012 (0.55±0.27 ml/min/kg). The mean of body weight loss in 2011 was lower
(977.78±497.71 g) than in 2012 (1250.00±725.06 g). In 2012, the athletes drank less
(837.50±592.67 ml) than 2011 (1416.67±591.36 ml) during the game. Athletes that were
minimally dehydrated in 2011 and 2012 were 61% and 50% respectively. Only 25% of
the athletes were well hydrated for both years. From the results, the average body weight
loss percentage of the athletes was 1.38±0.82% and the average sweat rate was
0.70±0.38 ml/min/kg. According to ACSM (2008) recommendation, body weight loss of
2% will impair athletes’ performance. Squash competitions that last between 30.00 to
70.00 minutes for each game generate sweat loss between 20.00 to 40.00 ml/kg per
game. It is crucial for athletes to be aware on their hydration status and practice good
hydration strategies for optimum performance.
B38 Factors associated with dietary calcium intake among
adolescents aged 13-14 years in Seri Kembangan, Selangor
Sim EV & Rokiah MY
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor DE.
The objectives of this study were to determine the personal, behavioral and socioenvironmental factors that influence dietary calcium intakes and also the association
DHI
between these factors and dietary calcium intakes among adolescents in Seri
Kembangan. This study recruited 148 adolescents aged 13 to 14 years old in SMK Sri
Serdang with 50 of them were males and 98 were females. A self-administered
questionnaire was used to determine socio-demographic background, total calcium
intake, and factors associated with calcium intakes among adolescents. Results showed
that the mean total calcium intake of adolescents was 624.14 ± 329.68 mg per day which
represented 62.4 % of the Malaysian RNI of calcium (1000 mg per day) for adolescents
aged 10-18 years. A majority (85.8%) of respondents consumed less than 1000 mg of
calcium a day. There were only 14.2% of respondents fulfilled the Malaysian RNI for
calcium. The prevalence of lactose intolerance among respondents was 3.4 %. The
findings from current study demonstrated that calcium intake was positively and
significantly correlated with taste preference for milk, health or nutrition attitudes and
milk served at meals (p<0.05). On the other hand, calcium intake was found to be
negatively and significantly correlated with lunch intake, fast food intake and home
availability of soft drinks (p<0.05). There were no significant correlation between calcium
intake with lactose intolerance, body mass index, time to eat breakfast, body
satisfaction, self-efficacy to make healthful food choices, breakfast intake, dinner intake,
soft drink intake, unhealthful weight control behaviors, family socioeconomic status,
parental presence at meals and social support for healthful eating. In conclusion, this
study suggested that future intervention can emphasize on factors such as taste
preference for milk, health or nutrition attitudes, lunch intake, fast food intake, milk
served at meals, availability of soft drinks to enhance the calcium intake of adolescents.
B39 Dietary restraint, body shape perception and body mass
index (BMI) among female college students
Siti Dinie Syazwani A and Soo KL
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang
Kerian, Kelantan
The trend of restrained eating or dieting in order to lose weight is now gaining popularity
among teenagers and adults. Females specifically are more likely to engage in lose weight
activities as compared to males. Hence, this cross sectional study was done to examine
dietary restraint among female college students and its relationship with body shape
perception and body mass index (BMI). A total of 260 female students aged 18 to 24
years from college and university in Kota Bharu, Kelantan were randomly choose to
participate in this study. Participants self administered the Body Shape Questionnaire
(BSQ) and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-R). Body weight and height of
participants were also measured to obtain their BMI. A total of 32.4% participants were
classified as normal eating group and 35.9% as restrained eating group. BSQ score for
restraint group was significantly higher than normal eating group. A clear relationship
emerged between dietary restraint and body shape perception (r=0.659, p<0.01).
Besides, BMI also did impact on eating pattern as there is a positive relationship between
BMI and dietary restraint (r=0.514, p<0.01). This study shows that females with higher
dissatisfaction on their body are more likely to restrict food intake. Thus, a positive
attitude and perception towards body image need to be developed among young females.
DHJ
B40 The influence of food choice motives and nutrition
information on the purchase of meal among students and
staffs at Universiti Putra Malaysia
Siti Nadiah A and Rosita Jamaluddin
Putra Malaysia
The main objective of this study was to determine the motives of food selection and the
influence of calorie information on the purchase of healthy meal. This cross-sectional
study was conducted among students and staffs of Universiti Putra Malaysia in Serdang,
Selangor. A total of 120 subjects aged between 18 to 60 years old were recruited
voluntarily which consisted of the patrons of L’Apprenti Cafe. A survey was conducted by
using the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) which consisted of 36 items designed to
assess the importance of food choice motives which were health, mood, convenience,
sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity and ethical concern. Data
on the sales of food items in the cafe were also collected before and after the display of
calorie information. Results showed that subjects chose health (4.36 ± 0.58), natural
content (4.18 ± 0.61) and sensory appeal (4.16 ± 0.61) as the most important factors in
food selection. Moreover, there was a significance different between gender and food
choice motive for mood (t = 0.312, p < 0.001), sensory appeal (t = 0.194, p < 0.001),
convenience (t = 0.878, p = 0.011) and health factor (t = 0.001, p = 0.046). Significant
correlations were found between age with mood (r = -0.211, p = 0.020) and sensory
appeal (r = -0.196, p = 0.032). However, there was no significant difference between
employment status, ethnicity and educational level. The study did not find any
significant impact of calorie display with food purchase. However, there was a small
increase for certain food items with lower calorie content. In conclusion, subjects chose
health, natural content and sensory appeal as the most prominent factor in food
selection but calorie information did not influence the purchase of healthy meal.
B41 Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of caterers in
providing healthy meals in cafeterias of a public university in
Kuala Lumpur
Suhaili Suboh and Moy Foong Ming
Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
A survey of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among caterers in providing healthy
meals in cafeterias of a public university in Kuala Lumpur was conducted. Universal
sampling was carried out where self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all
cafeterias (n=13) within the campus. The questionnaire contained 44 questions which
enquired on socio-demographic characterics, knowledge, attitude and practice
to
produce healthy meals in cafeterias. More than 50% of our respondents were aged
between 30 to 49 years old and more than half were involved in food service for
less than 5 years. About 71% were Malays and the others were foreign workers
from Indonesia or Myanmar. Half of them had at least secondary education. It
was found that 84.7% of the respondents had good knowledge, slightly more than 50%
with good attitude, but only 27% had good practice. Most respondents knew about the
2010 Malaysian Dietary Guidelines. There were significant differences in healthy food
preparation at home and at workplace (p<0.05). They seemed to practice healthier food
DHK
preparation at home than at work. According to the respondents, the main constraints
to offering more healthy options were taste, cost and what customers wanted. Our
findings also found that both knowledge (r=0.422, p<0.01) and attitude (r=0.558, p<0.01)
were significantly correlated with practice among our respondents. In conclusion, our
respondents did not have good practice in food preparation and education in this aspect
is required.
B42 Ready-to-eat–breakfast cereal consumption among
children in Kuala Lumpur
Suriyani MY and Ruzita Abd Talib
Nutritional Science Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Ready-to-eat-breakfast cereal is not only being consumed as a breakfast but also as a
snack preferences for children in Kuala Lumpur. This cross sectional study was
conducted to determine the relationship between ready-to-eat–breakfast cereal (RTEC)
consumption and nutritional status among school children in Kuala Lumpur. School
children aged between 10 to 11 years old from 3 different zones which were Sentul, Pudu
and Keramat were selected as study subject. Weight, height and waist circumference of
subjects were measured. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the subjects to
determine the pattern of RTEC consumption. Based on the data obtained from 208
respondent showed that the mean waist circumference for boys aged 10 years old was
59.66 ± 11.22 cm (n=43) while 62.45 ± 11.14 cm (n=44) for boys aged 11 years old. For
girls, the mean waist circumference were 57.56 ± 10.45 cm (n=55) and 60.30 ± 10.86 cm
(n=66) for both 10 and 11 years old. 18.91 ± 4.87 (kg/m²) and 20.02 ± 4.48 (kg/m²) were
seen for mean Body Mass Index (BMI) for boys aged 10 and 11 years old respectively. On
the other hand, for girls the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) aged 10 years were 17.61 ±
3.73 (kg/m²) and 19.09 ± 5.06 (kg/m²) for aged 11 years old. The results showed, girls
RTEC consumption were higer (78.51%) as compared to boys (66.60 %). A total of 84.48
% of the boys and 70.53 % of girls whom consumed cereal prefered to consumed it with
milk. Meanwhile, there were differences in frequency of RTEC consumption among boys
and girls whereby 36.20 % of boys consumed RTEC for 2 to 3 times a week while more
than 3 times per week were seen in girls (31.58 %) group. There were highly significant
difference (p<0.05) for waist circumference between males who consumed and did not
consumed RTEC. Pearson correlation test failed to show any strong association between
intake of RTEC and waist circumference (r=0.115, p=0.051) and BMI (r=0.135, p=0.098)
of the study subjects. In conclusion, this study showed that there are no association
betweeen consumption of RTEC and antropometric status of children in Kuala Lumpur
area.
B43 Knowledge, attitude and practices, perception and
preference of food and beverages among primary school
students in Sepang, Selangor
Suzaimahanim O & Rosita Jamaluddin
Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang
DHL
A pre-test and post-test study were conducted and a total 107 respondents aged 11
years old from two primary school in Sepang area participated in the study. An interview
administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic factor, knowledge, attitude
and practice, perception (perceived healthiness) and food preference were used to gather
the data. Questionnaires were distributed to participants before (pre-test) and after (post
test) the implementation of a nutrition education programme. The activities have been
conducted to increase participants’ awareness included ‘Nutrition education and calorie
labelling’ talk and pamphlets were given before the program started. During the
intervention, calorie labelling was attached on the menu card of the food prepared by the
school canteen worker. Most of the respondents were Malay (99.1%). The percentage of
knowledge score increased significantly by 47.66% (p<0.006) from 7.09±1.64 in pre-test
to 7.59±1.16 in post test. The attitude percentage score also increased by 52.34%, and
there was a significant change (p<0.001) which increased from 13.22±2.22 during pretest to 13.93±1.99 during post-test. Five food groups were found to be significantly
correlated with food preference in the pre-test which were fruits (r=1.000, p=0.000),
unhealthy beverages (r=0.423, p= 0.770), main meals (r=0.411, p=0.000), fried foods
(r=0.243, p=0.012) and breads (0.273, p=0.004). Meanwhile, through the post test, six
food groups were found to be significantly correlated between perception (perceived
healthiness) and food preference which were breads (r=0.343, p=0.000), fruits (r=1.000,
p=0.000), healthy beverages (r=0.332, p=0.000), main meals (r=0.381, p=0.000), snacks
(r=0.312, p=0.001) and fried foods (r=0.369, p=0.000). The study found that nutrition
education had managed to change the perception of the subjects in healthy and
unhealthy foods and beverages. This may prove beneficial in instilling healthy dietary
habits among children before they go into adolescence and subsequently carried on into
adulthood.
B44 Factors associated with vegetable preference and intake
among preschool children in Melaka
Syafiqah M & Rosita Jamaluddin
Children’s food preferences play a major role in their food choices and consumption. A
cross sectional study was conducted to determine the preference associated with
vegetable intake among 255 preschool children aged 4 to 6 years from 5 different schools
in Melaka. The mean age of the respondents was 5.11±0.73 years old. Children
preferences on vegetables were tested and evaluated using different types of vegetables
(tuber: carrot; leafy vegetable: spinach; non-leafy vegetable: long bean), two difference
shapes of each vegetables (carrot: cubed and circles; spinach: chopped and cut; long
bean: chopped small and cut 2cm length) and two different types of cooking methods
(steamed and stir-fried). Results showed that the types of vegetables influenced the liking
of vegetable among the preschool children with long bean (R= 0.204, p= 0.001) as the
most liked while spinach (R= 0.127, p= 0.042) was liked least. The preference between
shapes found that the highest scores and preference were for spinach (chopped) (30.5%)
followed by long bean (chopped small) (27.7%) and carrot (cubed) (25.1%). There was no
significant association between gender and preference on vegetables however female
subjects (31.0%) were found to have a higher score of liking for vegetable as compared to
boys (18.6%). Steaming was the preferred method of cooking compared to stir-frying
based on the mean intake of vegetable by the children (20.12±9.952 gram). Preference on
vegetables was positively associated with the intake of vegetable (R= 0.297, p=0.000)
showing the intake of vegetable increased as the preference increased. Vegetables had
DIC
always been unpopular among children but understanding the preferred type and
preference on preparation of vegetables will help to increase their intakes.
B45 Body image perception, body weight status, physical
activity level and eating behavior among male adolescents in
Petaling District, Selangor
Syazwani R and Mohd Nasir MT
This cross-sectional study determined the associations between body image perception,
body weight status and physical activity with eating behavior among 347 Form Four
students from Petaling District, Selangor. A self-administered questionnaire comprising
Multidimensional Body Image Scale (MBIS), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and Physical
Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) was used to gather data. Respondents’
weight, height and waist circumference were measured and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ)
(WHO, 2007) was determined. Sixty-six percents of the respondents were Malay, 25.9%
Chinese and 8.1% Indian. A majority of the respondents’ mothers (55.3%) and fathers
(49.0%) attained secondary education. There were 66.3% of the respondents classified as
normal body weight, 12.7% overweight, 12.1% obesity, 7.2% thinness and 1.7% severe
thinness while 12.1% of the respondents were abdominally obese (cut-off point =
88.5cm). Around 70.0% respondents had moderate body image disturbance, 19.9%
respondents were in the lowest tertile of body image disturbance and 10.1% respondents
were in the highest tertile of body image disturbance. For physical activity level, 53.0%
were categorized in the moderate physical activity level and 35.1% in the low physical
activity level. For eating behaviors, 21.6% respondents were at risk of eating disorders.
Significant correlations were found between body weight status (r=0.226, p=0.000),
preoccupation with thinness and dieting behavior (r=0.239, p=0.000), body importance
(r=-0.188, p=0.000), muscle increasing behavior (r=-0.332, p=0.000), extreme dieting
behavior (r=0.223, p=0.000), appearance importance (r=-0.176, p=0.001), perception of
size and shape (r=0.181, p=0.001) and physical activity level (r= 0.151, p=0.005) with
eating behavior. Multiple regression analysis showed that “muscle increasing behavior”,
“preoccupation with thinness and dieting behavior”, “extreme dieting behavior” and BMIfor-age z-score (BAZ) contributed significantly (F< 15.675, p=0.000) towards eating
behavior with 17.9% of the variance explained. Hence, future intervention should focus
on promoting positive body image and healthy body weight in preventing disordered
eating behaviors among male adolescents.
B46 Factors associated with food preference in relation to
habitual food consumption among primary school children
(aged 9 to 11 years old) in Puchong
Tan HC & Rosita Jamaluddin
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor DE.
Unhealthy habitual food consumption causes a mismatch with current dietary
recommendations as one of the factors causing overweight and obesity among children.
DID
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate factors associated with food preferences
of primary school children in relation to their habitual food consumption. It was
conducted among 307 year 4 and 5 students from a school in Puchong. An interview
administered questionnaire was used to collect the data on socio-demographic
background (age, sex, household income and education level of mother), perception and
preference of children and mothers towards 90 common foods consumed by Malaysian
habitually. In addition, anthropometry data of children were obtained as well as their
weekly habitual food consumption using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results
showed that the top 10 most frequently consumed food by children were plain water,
white rice, white bread, cocoa drink, fresh milk or UHT milk, probiotic drink, green leafy
vegetables, fried chicken and tea. Children generally loved fruits and perceived fruits as
healthy foods. Meanwhile, they did not perceived pizza, fried chicken, ice-cream and
French fries as healthy foods but they still preferred these high fat foods. For hypothesis
testing, it showed that there were no relationships between socio-demographic factors as
well as nutritional status of children and their habitual food consumption (p>0.05). On
the other hand, the children’s (r = 0.560, p = 0.000) and mothers’ (r = 0.355, p = 0.000)
food perceptions were significantly related with their preferences. Moreover, mothers’ and
children’s perceptions (r = 0.206, p = 0.000) as well as their preferences (r = 0.238, p =
0.000) were significantly correlated. In short, this study demonstrated that mothers do
play a role in influencing children’s food preferences and perceptions of healthiness
through feeding practice. Moreover, children’s food habits are easily shaped during early
life therefore mothers should encourage healthy eating environment in family setting.
B47 Development and validation of a semi-quantitative food
frequency questionnaire for estimating intake of long-chain
omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Tan KL1 and Suhaina S2
1Nutrition Science Programme, 2Dietetics Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire
(FFQ) to estimate intakes of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3
PUFA) among Malaysian adults. This study consists of two phases; the development
phase and validation phase. During the development phase, 75 subjects were
interviewed to obtain a 24-hour diet recall in order to construct the food list in the FFQ.
In the validation phase, 80 subjects aged 18 to 59 completed both the FFQ and a 5-day
diet record (DR) chosen as the reference method. However, only 48 subjects were
included in the analysis after the exclusion of 32 subjects who underreported in the DR.
Results from the development phase yielded a 34-item semi-quantitative FFQ that
included food items such as fish, seafood, eggs and milk. These items were selected
based on frequently consumed sources of LC n-3 PUFA or food items that contributed at
least 0.030g of LC n-3 PUFA per medium serving. Median intakes for total LC n-3 PUFA,
EPA, DPA and DHA assessed by the FFQ in the validation phase were 0.154 ± 0.230,
0.037 ± 0.074, 0.012 ± 0.015 and 0.107 ± 0.149 respectively. Significant median
differences between the two methods observed for all nutrients (p<0.05) except for DPA
(p>0.05) using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test showed an overestimation of nutrients by the
FFQ. Spearman’s correlation revealed significant relationships between the FFQ and DR
for total long-chain n-3 PUFA, EPA, DPA and DHA with r values of 0.504, 0.520, 0.477
and 0.500 respectively (p<0.001). Cross-classification analysis for all nutrients ranged
between 39.6% – 56.3% for subjects who were correctly classified into the same quartile,
89.6% - 95.8% for subjects classified into the same or adjacent quartile and with no
gross misclassifications. This shows that the FFQ is capable of ranking individuals
DIE
according to their nutrient intakes. The FFQ reported a sensitivity of 50.0% and a
specificity of 91.3% towards the intake of total LC n-3 PUFA. Therefore, this tool with its
high specificity is able to correctly identify individuals with inadequate intakes of LC n-3
PUFA (<500 mg/day). In conclusion, this FFQ is a valid method that can be used in
estimating LC n-3 PUFA and a good ranking tool for epidemiological studies.
B48 Comparison of dietary intakes between type 2 diabetic
patients with and without cardiovascular disease
Tan MC1, Chan YM1,2, Ng OC3, Hejar AR4, Wong TW5, Mirnalini K1, Joseph A3 and
Rushdan AA3
1Department
Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; 2Institute of Gerontology, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; 4Department of Community Health, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
5Heart and Lung Centre, IHEAL Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory KL,
Malaysia.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study aims to examine and compare the
dietary intakes of T2DM patients with and without CVD of Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL)
and Hospital Serdang. Socio-demographic data was assessed using a pre-tested
interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Dietary intake was ascertained by
interviewer using the 24-hour dietary recall method. Anthropometric measurements were
performed according to standard procedures. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were
collected from medical records and clinical examination. Examination of dietary intake
focused on total energy intake (EI), macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and total fat),
as well as some micronutrients that are closely related to cardiovascular health. A total
of 313 patients diagnosed with T2DM participated in this study, in which approximately
one third (36.1%) of them were suffering from CVD. The mean age of study subjects was
55.7±9.2 years (range 30 to 78 years); mean diabetes duration was 10.1±8.1 years;
52.1% were females; and majority were Malays (47.0%). On the whole, the mean total EI
of the subjects was 1674±694 kcal per day. Patients with CVD were noted to consume
higher total calories (t=3.275, p=0.001). Likewise, the mean carbohydrate, protein and
total fat intake of CVD patients were significantly higher than for non-CVD patients
(p<0.05), while mean intakes of fatty acids, cholesterol, fibre, minerals and all vitamins,
except for magnesium intake (p=0.010), were comparable between CVD and non-CVD
groups. It is suggested that in the management of DM and CVD, effective interventions
should combine nutrition education with behaviour-oriented counselling to help patients
acquire the skills, motivation, and support needed to meet the optimal metabolic goals
and nutritional status.
B49 The knowledge of Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG)
2010 and attitude among medical officers in Kota Bharu,
Kelantan
Tan SW and Wan Abdul Manan WM
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
DIF
As a measure to reduce the alarming increased prevalence of non-communicable
diseases, the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010 was established. The objective of
this study was to assess the knowledge of MDG 2010 and attitude among medical
officers (MO) who served in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) and private clinics
in Kota Bharu. It was a cross-sectional study involving a total of 103 MO (72 MO from
HUSM and 31 MO from private clinics). A self-administrated questionnaire was used to
assess the knowledge level and attitude of MDG 2010 among MO. The questionnaire,
adapted from published measures; consisted of 2 general items on awareness of MDG
2010, Malaysian Food Guide Pyramid (MFGP) and 18 multiple-choices knowledge items.
The reliability of the questionnaire was tested and KR20 value was 0.66.The results
showed that 96.1% provided nutritional advices to their patients and 100% believed that
nutrition intervention was a method to improve health status. 98.6% from HUSM
referred their patients to nutritionists or dietitians but only41.9% from private clinics did
so. This survey also demonstrated that 60.2% did not know the existence of MDG 2010
while 16.5% had never heard of MFP. Although most of them were not aware of the
existence of MDG 2010, the mean knowledge score obtained (10.0 ± 2.82) was slightly
higher than the average score (9.0). This study suggests that efforts should be taken to
disseminate the MDG 2010 among MO as they are the most direct health personnel to
treat and educate patients.
B50 Development and validation of FatCheck calculator: A
tool to assess intake of total fat and fatty acids
Tan YL1, Suhaina S2 and Baharudin O3
1Nutrition
Programme, 2Dietetics Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences; 3Biomedical
Science Programme, School of Diagnostic Science and Applied Health, Faculty of Health
Science, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia
Recent trends have shown that computer applications are important tools for gathering
and disseminating nutritional information. Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular
diseases and cancer are related to daily intakes of total fat and fatty acids such as
polyunsaturated fats (PUFA), monounsaturated fats (MUFA) and saturated fats (SFA).
Hence, the main objective of this study was to develop and validate a tool known as
FatCheck calculator for assessing total fat and fatty acids. This study was conducted in
two phases. Phase I is the development of the FatCheck calculator using Microsoft Excel
as its platform. The fatty acid database was adopted from local studies, the Malaysian
Food Composition Table and the Singapore Food Composition Guide. Users are able to
compare their total fat and fatty acid intakes with current recommendations from the
Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) and the National Cholesterol Education
Program (NCEP). The FatCheck calculator was validated in phase II of this study against
an existing program called Nutritionist ProTM. A 24-hour diet recall from 34 subjects was
used to analyze using both programs. Paired-t test, Wilcoxon’s Signed Rank Test,
Pearson and Spearman’s correlation and the Bland-Altman test were used in the
analysis. Results from paired-t test and Wilcoxon’s Signed Rank Test showed significant
difference between the two programs for SFA and MUFA intakes (p<0.05) but not for total
fat and PUFA (p>0.05). This could be due to limited information on fatty acids in the
Nutritionist ProTM program. The FatCheck calculator could determine energy,
macronutrients, dietary cholesterol and dietary fiber as well. Significant differences were
not observed for PUFA because they exist in relatively smaller amounts when compared
to SFA and MUFA. Strong correlations were observed for PUFA and dietary fiber ranging
from r = 0.428-0.430 at p<0.05 while energy, carbohydrate, protein, total fat, MUFA,
cholesterol, sodium and potassium with r-values ranging from 0.438 to 0.936 at
DIG
p<0.001. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed good agreement between both programs
where 95% of the plots were located within ± 2SD for all nutrients. In conclusion, this
newly developed FatCheck calculator is able to assess total fat and PUFA. The FatCheck
calculator can be further improved by expanding its database in order to provide a more
comprehensive assessment for total fat and fatty acids intake.
B51 The characteristics of related psychosocial factors
across individual’s readiness to increase fruit and vegetable
intake
Wong CY, Zalilah MS, Mirnalini K and Mohd Nasir MT
Putra Malaysia
A cross-sectional survey of 19-59 years old public university staff (N = 348) was
conducted to determine individual’s readiness to change and its relationships with fruit
and vegetable intake, self-efficacy, perceived benefits and perceived barriers using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Standardized T-scores with mean of 50 and
standard deviation of 10 was calculated for psychosocial variables. One-way analysis of
variance and analysis of covariance were performed. Half of respondents (50%) were in
preparation stage (P), followed by in action/maintenance (A/M, 43%), precontemplation/contemplation (PC/C, 7%) stages. Respondents in post-action stages had
significantly higher self-efficacy (Mean ± SDA/M = 51.5 ± 10.3 vs Mean ± SDPC/C = 42.4 ±
7.8; F = 9.17, p < 0.001) and perceived benefits (Mean ± SDA/M = 51.3 ± 10.3 vs Mean ±
SDPC/C = 44.5 ± 11.8; F = 5.07, P < 0.01) while respondents in pre-action stages had
significantly higher perceived barriers (Mean ± SDPC/C =53.9 ± 5.9 vs Mean ± SDA/M = 48.3
± 10.3; F = 4.83, p < 0.05). Perceived benefits tend to outweigh perceived barriers prior to
taking action. Self-efficacy is important in motivating individuals to have a diet high in
fruits and vegetables as the crossing point for self-efficacy with perceived barriers
occurred
between
preparation
and
action/maintenance.
Respondents
in
action/maintenance stages had the highest mean serving of fruit and vegetable intake
(Mean ± SE = 1.9 ± 0.1 serving; F = 4.52, P < 0.05) but the intake did not meet the
recommendation. In conclusion, intervention strategies should emphasize on increasing
perceived benefits and building self-efficacy by providing knowledge and skills to
consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables.
B52 Determination of weight status and dietary patterns of
housewives in Kota Bharu
Wong ST1 and S. Daniel Robert2
1Program
in Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; 2Program in Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Health
Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the dietary patterns
and weight status of housewives living in Kota Bharu. We did a cross sectional survey
among 87 housewives to analyze the BMI and the dietary life style factors. It was found
that 32.2 % of the respondents were having normal BMI, 40.2 % were overweight, 24.1 %
were obese and the remaining 3.4 % were under weight. Most of the women (56.3%) were
over eating and 43.7 % were eating below the actual requirement. The rate of overeating
DIH
among the overweight and the obese group was 31%. There was a significant association
between the BMI and the differences in the energy intake (p = 0.01). The mean
macronutrient distribution of the energy intake by the house wives was, CHO: 51%,
protein: 17.3% and fat: 14.2% respectively. The mean dietary fiber intake of all the
groups was 5.1 ± 4.9 g/day. Evaluation of exercise habits revealed that 52% of the
women from the overweight/obese category did not exercise regularly. However 5% from
the normal weight category did regular exercise. None of the woman from the
underweight class did regular exercise. We found that 30% of the woman in the over
weight/obese category and 13% of women with normal body weight have metabolic
diseases. Majority (46.2%) of the women in the overweight and obese category have
hypertension.We conclude that a well balanced diet and a regular exercise are required
to maintain a healthy body weight.
B53 Nutritional status and food habits of preschool-aged
children in Sabah
Yumbod AC and Poh BK
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
The process of urbanization and economic development has changed the lifestyle and
eating habits of the population, including that of young children. The aim of this crosssectional study was to assess the nutritional status and food habits of preschool-aged
children in Sabah. A total of 160 children (83 boys and 77 girls) aged 4 to 6 years old
were recruited from local and private preschools, and daycare centers in Kota Kinabalu
(urban area), Penampang, Papar and Tuaran (rural areas). Anthropometric
measurements included body weight and height, and body mass index (BMI) was
calculated and compared with the WHO (2006; 2007) BMI-for-age growth reference. A
questionnaire on child food habits was self-administered by the parents or caregiver.
Mean weight, height and BMI were 19.7 ± 4.9 kg, 110.6 ± 6.0 cm, and 16.0 ± 2.8 kg/m²,
respectively. Although the majority of the subjects had normal BMI-for-age, there were
2.9% overweight in children under 5 years old, and 8.6% having the risk of being
overweight and 8.6% obese. Among those aged 5 years above, there were 3.2%
underweight, 10.4% overweight and 12.0% obese. No significant difference was found in
BMI-for-age between urban and rural children. Results showed that breakfast was the
most frequently skipped meal, and the main reason given was no appetite (61.1%). The
most consumed breakfast foods were bread (25.5%), fried noodles (23.8%) and fried rice
(14.2%). Subjects who eat in between meals mostly consumed biscuits and bread as
their snacks. There were 30.2% of children who ate supper everyday; with biscuits, rice
with dishes, and bread being the most consumed foods at supper time. The consumption
of milk was highest before bedtime (52.8%), followed by breakfast (49.1%), morning tea
(44.4%) and afternoon tea (29.8%). Most of the subjects preferred flavoured milk
compared to plain milk. Most of the subjects (35.0%) reported consuming fast foods
about once a month. Results showed no significant association between parental income
and parental education with BMI-for-age. In conclusion, the preschool-aged children in
Sabah were experiencing malnutrition, particularly overweight and obese. Nutrition
intervention programme should thus take into account the co-existence of the dual
burden of malnutrition among these children.
DII
Group D: Clinical Nutrition/Intervention Trials
D01 Body composition and physical activity: comparison
between gynaecological and colorectal cancer survivors
Arsyurahmah AR1, Suhaina S1, Nor Aini J1, Biswa MB2, Zabedah O3, Mohd Zaid
MG4 & Poh BK1
1School
Malaysia; 2Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia;
3Institute of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuala Lumpur Hospital;
4Institut Sukan Negara, Bukit Jalil, Selangor DE
Objective monitoring of physical activity has advanced greatly in recent years. However,
little are known about the actual physical activity patterns and body compositions of
cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to determine body composition and physical
activity as well as to compare between gynaecological and colorectal cancer survivors
that had completed their cancer treatment. This cross sectional study was conducted
among 64 cancer survivors; 31(48.4%) colorectal cancer survivors and 33 (51.6%)
gynaecological cancer, aged between 18-65 years, were recruited through convenience
sampling from Radiotherapy and Oncology Clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital
and Oncology Clinic of the Institute of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine of
Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Data collected were socio demographic, medical history and
anthropometric measurements. Body composition was determined using Body
Composition Analyzer while physical activity was determined by step count using
Pedometer, which subjects wore for seven consecutive days. Results showed that
majority of subjects (75%) were between 30-59 years old, 89.1% were married, 42.2% not
working, 62.5% having income less than RM1500 and 62.5% had a secondary school
education. Mean BMI and body fat percentage of gynaecological (27.6+12.6 kg/m2; 37.4
+ 9.2 %) and colorectal cancer (female 25.9+5.8 kg/m2; 36.5+10.1 %; vs male 25.0+4.9
kg/m2; 24.1+6.4%) survivors were within overweight categories even though their mean
percent body fat indicated obese. Pedometer step count of both female cancer survivors
group were within the category of sedentary [3240+3035, 3714+1736] while the male
survivors were 5036 + 4051.Spearman correlation showed that the higher the BMI the
more percent body fat (r =0.76, p<0.01) among all cancer survivors. However, there was
an inverse significant relationship between BMI with physical activity (r=-0.25 p<0.05).
In conclusion, female cancer survivors have a high percentage of body fat due to their
sedentary physical activity. Similarly, the male cancer survivors have a high percentage
of body fat although they are quite active. Hence, physical activity should be introduced
early during the clinic follow up for improvement of weight status, body composition and
overall quality of life.
D02 A case study of sahur meal on hormonal and glucose
response of 10km time trial at different time of the day during
Ramadhan fasting
Goh KW1, Albert Tan YW1, Ang BS2 , Rabindarjeet S2
DIJ
1National
Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia; 2Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Malaysia
The objective of this study was to examine the exercise performance and physiological
responses of 10Km Time-Trial (10KTT) at different time of the day after sahur meal
during Ramadhan. This study had ethical approval from USM. Three well-trained Muslim
runners were recruited for this study with the following characteristics: age, 25±0.8
years; maximal oxygen uptake, 54.87±3.45 ml.kg-1.min-1; body weight, 52.4±1.99 kg;
height, 162.7±3.55 cm. Subjects ran 10KTT on four occasions: 8.00am(M) and
5.00pm(E), separated by one day rest at two weeks before Ramadhan (BRam) and second
week during Ramadhan (DRam) respectively. BRam, subjects consumed their usual diet.
DRam, they consumed a standardized sahur meal containing 14.5±0.5kcal/kgBW;
2.3±0.1gCHO/kgBW; 0.6±0.0g Protein/kgBW; 0.3±0.0gFat/kgBW. During each 10KTT,
subject ran at 85%VO2max for first two km and self-selected speed then onwards. Blood
sample was collected for physiological responses before run, and at 0, 2 and 10 km. Time
to completion (TIM) and running speed were recorded. Urine specific gravity (USG) was
measured before each run. There were no significant differences in hydration status for
the M and E runs BRam (M:1.016±0.011; E:1.018±0.008) and DRam (M:1.014±0.012;
E:1.016±0.004). DRam, running performance were better in M (TIM:45.06±4.16mins;
speed:12.19±1.19km/h) compared to the E (TIM:46.12±3.48mins; speed:11.90±0.93
km/h). TIM and speed BRam was (M:46.70±3.53mins, 11.73±0.91km/h;
E:45.61±5.48mins, 12.11±1.55 km/h). There were no significant changes in blood
glucose during BRam (M:5.08±0.08mmol/L; E:4.93±0.40 mmol/L) and DRam
(M:5.62±0.49mmol/L; E:4.97±0.34mmol/L) trial, although it was lower in the E. Serum
Testosterone (ST) was highest at the end of 10KTT DRam E (10.43±1.39ng/mL) when
compared to the M (10.33±0.24ng/mL) and was generally higher than BRam
(M:9.19±2.72ng/mL; E:8.67±0.82ng/mL). Serum Cortisol (SC) showed no significant
differences between trials. All runners did not experience dehydration, lack of energy nor
drop in performance DRam fasting. This study suggest that when provided with a
balanced sahur meal, and better nutrition strategies throughout the Ramadhan, athletes
can sustain their running performance provided the events starts in the morning after
sahur meal.
D03 Evaluation of lifestyle status and obesity among
coronary artery disease patients in Iran
Haleh E, Rokiah MY and Haziz AS
Putra Malaysia UPM
The objective of this study was to examine lifestyle characteristics and obesity among
coronary artery disease patients. The examination of lifestyle and obesity was needed for
the secondary prevention of CHD. The cross-sectional study was carried out in a
specialized governmental hospital in north of Iran. Two hundred and fifty CAD patients
aged 40 years and above were selected by systematic random sampling after diagnosis as
CAD patients by angiography. Subjects with history of cardiovascular disease and
myocardial infarction were excluded. The information on lifestyle which included
physical activity, smoking status and supplement intake were collected by questionnaire.
Weight and height were measured by the standardized method. BMI was calculated by
weight/ (height)². The result showed that 51.6% of subjects had low, 22% were moderate
and 26.6% were high physically active. The mean of physical activity (MET/wk) in male
was higher than female. There was significant difference in physical activity between
DIK
male and female (p< 0.001). Among male, 42.3% were low, 20% were moderate and 36%
were high physically active. Among female, low, moderate and high physical activity were
61.7%, 23.3% and 15% respectively. In terms of smoking, 27% of subjects were smokers
and 72.8% were non-smokers. Based on gender 50.8% of male and 1.7% of female were
smokers and this difference was significant (p< 0.001). Supplement intake among the
subjects were 10.8% and intakes among females were (18.3%) and male (3.8%). This
difference was significant (p< 0.001). Based on BMI, 65.2% of subjects were obese and
according to gender 54.6% was male and 92% were female. This difference between male
and female was significant (p<0.001). From this result, all the factors were very
important to be considered when planning a promotional program for healthy lifestyle in
prevention of CHD.
D04 Prevalence of malnutrition and parameters predicting
nutritional status in end stage renal disease patients in
Malaysia
Harvinder K1, Chee WSS1, Goh CY1, Lau LT1, Sharmela S2, Tilakavati K2, Leonard
J2, Sunita B3, Ghazali A3 and Goh BL4
1Dept
of Nutrition & Dietetics, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia 2Dept of Nutrition & Dietetics, National University of Malaysia, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Nephrology Dept, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
4Nephrology Dept, Hospital Serdang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
This study reports on prevalence of malnutrition and determines parameters predicting
nutritional status among dialysis patients in Malaysia. This cross sectional study
comprised of 155 haemodialysis (HD) and 90 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Patients
were measured for body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF) and mid-arm
circumference (MAC). Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), arm muscle area (AMA)
and fat free mass (FFM) were calculated. Biochemical data were obtained from medical
records. Dietary recalls, Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS) and Malnutrition
Inflammation Score (MIS) were performed on the patients. Parameters predicting
nutritional status were determined by multiple linear regression analysis using DMS as
standard. About 80% of the HD and PD patients had below average (≤ 85th percentile)
TSF, MAMC and AMA as reference to the Frisancho, 1990 classification. Both HD and
PD patients were moderately malnourished when assessed using DMS and MIS tools.
The DMS score of HD patients showed significant correlations with BMI (r = -0.347, p
<0.001), MAC (r = -0.379, p <0.001), TSF (r = -0.280, p<0.001), MAMC (r = -0.323, p
<0.001), AMA (r = -0.307, p <0.001), serum TIBC (r = -0.172, p =0.033), FFM (r = -0.279,
p <0.001) and age (r = 0.068, p <0.001). The DMS score of CAPD patients showed
significant correlation with BMI (r = -0.243, p =0.021), MAC (r = -0.232, p =0.028), FFM
(r = -0.295, p =0.005) and serum albumin (r = -0.394, p <0.001). The best predictor of
nutritional status in HD patients was MAMC (β = -0.938, p =0.041) while in PD patients
was serum albumin (β = -0.388, p <0.001) using DMS score as standard. Mid arm
muscle circumference and serum albumin were the most appropriate parameters
predicting malnutrition risk among dialysis patients in Malaysia when compared to DMS
score. However, evaluation of nutritional status is best performed with all readily
available nutritional parameters for complete prognostic malnutrition information.
DIL
D05 High fat diet induced changes of intestinal tight
junction proteins
Jesmine Khan and Mohammed Nasimul Islam
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor,
Malaysia.
Gastrointestinal mucosa functions as a barrier to prevent the entrance of harmful agents
into the systemic circulation and protects living organisms from different noxious agents.
Altered structure and function of any of the layer of the mucosa lead to higher intestinal
permeability. A major determinant of intestinal permeability is the intercellular tight
junction proteins. Role of tight junction proteins during high fat diet is poorly
understood. Recently, consumption of high fat diet has been reported to alter tight
junction protein expression of the intestinal barrier. Altered expression of tight junction
proteins might play role in high fat diet induced intestinal and extra intestinal pathology.
Objective of the study was to review high fat diet induced alteration of intestinal tight
junction proteins. We searched the related articles in PubMed from the year 1980 till
March 2012. We found 58 studies using the key words high fat diet, obesity, gut barrier,
intestinal permeability, claudin, occludin, junctional adhesion molecule and intestinal
tight junction proteins. Only 5 of them evaluated intestinal tight junction proteins.
Consumption of high fat diet was found to be associated with compromised tight
junction proteins. Understanding the mechanism of high fat diet induced alteration of
tight junction proteins would help researchers find out the preventing measures.
D06 Are Kuala Lumpur adults consuming high glycemic
index (GI) diet?
Khor KM, Nik Shanita S and Ruzita AT
A diet with a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) may be related to
overconsumption of energy and promote weight gain. This cross-sectional study was
aimed to estimate dietary GI and GL in the diet of adults in Kuala Lumpur. Sociodemographic information was collected through self administered questionnaire. Weight,
height and waist circumference were measured, and BMI was calculated. Food intake
information was obtained using multiple pass 24-hour dietary recall method. Dietary GI
and GL were calculated manually according to established formula. A total of 147
subjects (61 male and 86 female subjects) had participated in this study. After excluding
those under reporters of food intake, mean GI was 67.9 ± 4.7 and mean GL was 151.3 ±
32.1. Most of the subjects consumed an intermediate GI diet (66.7%). GI and GL did not
show significant difference across underweight, normal weight and overweight/obese
group. Pearson Correlation test indicated that GI did not correlated with age, BMI, waist
circumference, energy and macronutrients intake. However, waist circumference, energy,
carbohydrate and protein intake were positively associated with GL. After adjusted with
energy intake, GL established a strong positive correlation with the carbohydrate
consumption (r=0.812, p<0.001) as evidence as GI and carbohydrate actually were the
factors that affect GL. Results suggested that intake of protein (r=-0.395, p<0.001) and
fat (r=-0.716, p<0.001), as opposite to carbohydrate intake, were negatively influenced
GL. In conclusion, most of the Kuala Lumpur adults were consuming an intermediate GI
DJC
diet. Therefore, this study suggested that public education on the option of low GI foods
should be a focus in the community nutrition intervention.
D07 Soy product and isoflavone intakes among chronic lung
disease patients
Koh PJ and Hasnah H
This cross sectional study was carried out to assess the soy product and isoflavone
intakes among the chronic lung disease patients who were undergoing pulmonary
rehabilitation programme at Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A 24 items soy
food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary history questionnaire (DHQ) were used to
assess the soy product and isoflavone intakes of the subjects. In this study, a total of 40
patients (72.5% men and 27.5% women) with a mean age of 66.4 years old have been
included as subjects. Majority of them were Malays (47.5%), followed by Chinese (42.5%)
and Indians (10.0%). The mean for both soy product and isoflavone intakes determined
using DHQ were 28.63 g/day and 13.07 mg/day respectively. The mean of soy product
(47.38 g/day) and isoflavone (18.40 mg/day) intakes determined using FFQ was higher
compared to the one in DHQ. The most commonly consumed soy products among the
subjects were consisted of steamed firm tofu, fried firm tofu, yong tau foo, commercial
soy bean drink, soy bean sprout, tempeh, egg tofu, tau hoo pok, homemade soy bean
drink, tau hoo fah and fucok. Female patients have higher intakes of soy products and
isoflavones than male but it was not statistically different (p>0.05). The mean intake of
commercial soy bean drink was the only soy product which was significantly different
(p<0.05) between the male (0.9+3.4g/day) and female (18.5+36.3 g/day) subjects. The
mean intake for soy product like tempeh was significantly higher (p<0.05) among Malays
(4.3±5.5 g/day) compared to Chinese (0.1±0.3 g/day) and Indians (0.2±0.6 g/day). The
mean intake of tau hoo pok was significantly (p<0.05) higher among Chinese
(2.8±6.0g/day) compared to Malays (0.2±0.7g/day) and Indians (1.4±2.0 g/day). In
conclusions, the most commonly consumed soy products based on ethnicity of these
subjects were the same as what being reported in previous local studies. However, the
values of soy product and isoflavone intakes among these subjects were much lower
compared to the other same age of population in Malaysia, Japan and China.
D08 Effect of caffeine on oxygen consumption and rating of
perceived exertion during moderate intensity exercise among
sedentary young female adults
Lee SM1, Poh BK1, Ismail MN2 and Shamsuddin, AF3
1Nutritional
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin; 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Kuala Lumpur
Caffeine had been shown to have an ergogenic effect on trained individuals; however,
studies investigating the physiological effects of caffeine on the sedentary population are
very limited. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine on oxygen
consumption and rating of perceived exertion during moderate intensity exercise among
DJD
sedentary young adult females. Subjects comprised 16 female undergraduates aged
between 18 to 29 years studying at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Eligibility criteria
were based on low physical activity level and daily caffeine intake of less than 50mg a
day, which screened using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version)
and caffeine consumption questionnaire, respectively. A single-blind, crossover, placebo
controlled experimental design was used, with all subjects serving as their own controls.
Sixty minutes after ingesting 100mg caffeine (Pro-plus, United Kingdom) or placebo
capsule (Glucolin glucose), subjects were required to run on a treadmill for 30 minutes at
a standardized power output equivalent to 60% of maximal heart rate. Oxygen
consumption (Metamax 2B), heart rate (Metamax 2B), and rating of perceived exertion
were recorded at 20th, 25th and 30th minutes while blood pressure was recorded
immediately after subjects completed their 30 minutes run. All subjects completed both
the caffeine and placebo experiments and the differences recorded. Paired t-tests showed
no significant difference between caffeine vs placebo trials for oxygen consumption
(0.729 ± 0.1 vs 0.698 ± 0.1, p=0.342), rating of perceived exertion (12.3 ± 2.5 vs 12.3 ±
2.1, p=1.000), heart rate (127.3 ± 11.0 vs 127.1 ± 11.6, p=0.912), systolic blood pressure
(117.7 ± 10.6 vs 114.2 ± 10.1, p=0.151) and diastolic blood pressure (68.9 ± 10.0 vs 67.4
± 8.0, p=0.466). There was no significant correlation between body fat percentage and
oxygen consumption (r=0.158, p=0.559). The non significance in the results obtained
could be due to the small effect size of the study (d=0.303). Hence, future studies with a
larger number of participants should be carried out to examine the effects of caffeine
during exercise in a sedentary population.
D09 Nutritional status and health-related quality of life
among hemodialysis patients in Kota Bharu
Lim HJ and Chan YM
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti
Putra Malaysia
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status
with health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients in Kota Bharu. A total of
73 subjects were recruited from four hemodialysis centres in Kota Bharu. A set of
interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data,
dietary intake and health-related quality of life of the subjects (Kidney Disease Quality of
Life Short Form). Information such as biochemical markers of nutritional status and
medical history of respondents were obtained from the medical records as secondary
data. Besides that, anthropometric measures (mid arm circumference, triceps skinfold
thickness, height) were performed after dialysis to avoid unnecessary influence from
hydration due to fluid accumulation. Inter-dialytic weight gain was computed using
appropriate formula. Means energy and protein intake of the subjects were 26 ± 12
kcal/kg/day and 1.2 ± 0.7 g/kg/day, respectively. Scores for the scales of the healthrelated quality of life ranged from 31.16 ± 37.22 to 97.26 ± 9.22, with the lowest for rolephysical and highest for social support. Advancing in age was associated with bigger
effects of kidney disease, higher burden of kidney disease and lower physical functioning.
Female was found to have higher effects of kidney disease, burden of kidney disease and
quality of social interaction compared to their male counterparts. Higher patient
satisfaction and role-physical were found in patients who had completed primary school.
Higher body mass index was associated with lower pain, while higher triceps skinfold
thickness was associated with higher burden of kidney disease and emotional well-being.
Higher serum creatinine and serum albumin were associated with higher physical
functioning and patient satisfaction, respectively. On the other hand, mid upper arm
muscle circumference, dietary energy and protein intakes were not associated with any
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of the scales of health-related quality of life (p˃0.05). In conclusion, the nutritional status
among the hemodialysis patients in Kota Bharu was moderate. Therefore, it is hoped
that the findings can be added into the existing literature and serve as a baseline data
for appropriate interventions to improve the nutritional status and health-related quality
of life among the hemodialysis patients in Kota Bharu.
D10 Nutritional Status and Health Related Quality of Life
(HRQOL) among hemodialysis patients in Petaling Jaya and
Puchong
Loo PJ and Zuriati I
Putra Malaysia
HRQOL of hemodialysis patients remain impaired compared to the general population. A
cross sectional study was conducted to determine the nutritional status and HRQOL
among hemodialysis patients. A total of 101 hemodialysis patients were interviewed from
two dialysis centers in Petaling Jaya and Puchong. Patients’ socio-demographic status,
body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), inter-dialytic weight gain
(IDWG), total body fat (TBF) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were recorded. Reading for
serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase,
serum electrolytes, lipid profile, hemoglobin (Hb), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and
transferin were taken from patients’ medical report. Kidney Disease Quality of Life short
form version 1.3 (KDQOL-SFTM 1.3) was used to evaluate patients HRQOL. A majority of
the patients were Chinese (n=76, 78.4%). The mean age of the study sample is
59.38±11.28. More than 40% (n=40) of the patients were obese with mean BMI
24.17±4.52kgm-2. The mean IDWG is 2.15±0.71kg. 76.3% of the patients have low serum
albumin. Top three primary causes of end stage renal disease (ESRD) were diabetes
mellitus, hypertension, and unknown causes. Three most common co-morbidities
include hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. TBF and %BF in
female were significantly higher than male. Mean serum creatinine in male is
significantly higher than female (t=-3.188, p=0.002). The hemodialysis treatment year of
male is higher than female (t=2.218, p=0.029). Employment status, marital status and
education level influence patients HRQOL. BMI, IDWG, MUAC and TBF do not correlated
with HRQOL. Serum creatinine, phosphorus, albumin, and year of known kidney failure
were positively correlated with HRQOL. Old age, %BF, TIBC, transferin, and total
number of co-morbidities were negatively correlated with HRQOL. A lower score in
burden of kidney disease, work status, physical and mental domains were observed
among maintenance hemodialysis patients. Further longitudinal studies are needed to
examine whether lower quality of life are associated with increased morbidity or mortality
risks among the ESRD patients in our country.
D11 Healthy eating practices improve quality of life among
breast cancer survivors
Mohammadi S1, Suhaina S1, Poh BK1 and Amani R2
1School
Malaysia; 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Para Medicine, Ahvaz Jondi
Shapour, University of Medical Sciences, Iran
DJF
Breast cancer survivors are highly motivated to seek information about food choices to
reduce risk of cancer recurrence and improve their quality of life. This cross-sectional
study aims to determine food intake practices and its association with quality of life
among Iranian breast cancer survivors. A total of 100 breast cancer survivors aged from
32 to 61 years were recruited from the Oncology Clinic at Golestan Hospital. European
Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30) was
used to determine QoL. Eating practices was evaluated by validated questionnaire
modified from the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) study. Nutritional status
was assessed by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA).
Approximately 94% of subjects were identified as well-nourished and 6% were
moderately malnourished. Mean scores for all functional domains of QoL in wellnourished cancer survivors were higher than those in malnourished cancer survivors. A
total of 66% of breast cancer survivors had healthy eating practices with a mean score of
38.2 ± 1.9; while 34% had poor eating practices with a mean score of 32.3 ± 2.7. The
most positive changes were seen in the decreased intake of French fries (96%), fast foods
(90 %) and red meat (70 %) and in the increased intake of fruits (85%) and vegetables (78
%). Spearman correlation were significant between healthy eating practices with social
(r=0.27, p<0.01), role(r=0.22,p<0.05), cognitive(r=0.27,p<0.01) and emotional (r=0.25,
p<0.05) functioning scales, global QoL (r=0.3, p<0.01) and reduced symptom of financial
difficulties (r=-0.22, p<0.05). Generally, breast cancer survivors with healthy eating
practices have better global quality of life, social, emotional, cognitive and role functions.
In conclusion, healthy eating practices may improve quality of life of cancer survivors.
Health care professionals should provide nutrition education in order to promote healthy
eating practices among cancer survivors.
D12 Rice consumption pattern (amount and type) in relation
to glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes
mellitus
Nain Farahin MT1, Barakatun Nisak MY1 and Nor Azmi K2
1Department
of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Selangor; 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
Recent meta-analysis summarized that higher consumption of white rice was associated
with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, limited studies to date
examine rice consumption pattern (amount and type) and its association with glycemic
control among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this cross sectional study was
conducted to determine the rice consumption pattern (amount and type) in relation to
glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes at UKM Medical Centre. Data
was collected through a face-to-face interview with the subjects. Glycemic control
parameter was assessed by collecting their recent level of HbA1c. Information related to
socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometry measurements and dietary intake
data were also obtained. Rice consumption pattern was assessed using semi-quantitative
food frequency questionnaire. A total of 51 individuals with type 2 diabetes (10 males
and 41 females) participated in this study. Their mean age were 55.73 ± 9.20 years with
body mass index of 29.51± 6.98 kgm-2 and duration of diabetes was 11.25 ± 9.10 years.
Mean HbA1c level was 8.66 ± 2.11% with only 14% of them achieved the target treatment
goals of HbA1c <6.5%. Majority of the subjects (90%) consumed white rice daily and
another 10% of them consumed either brown or basmati rice. There was a statistically
significant relationship between age and glycemic control (r= -0.326, p=0.019). However,
no relationship was observed between rice consumption pattern (amount and type) and
glycemic control. Interestingly, there was a significant difference in HbA1c level among
DJG
individuals who consumed smaller rice-bowl (8.2±1.8%) as compared to bigger rice bowl
(9.5% ± 2.4%) (t=-2.113, p≤0.05). In conclusion, rice consumption pattern was not
associated with glycemic control. However, better glycemic control was observed among
type 2 diabetics who were using smaller rather than bigger rice bowl.
D13 Use of red palm oil in local snacks to increase the intake
of provitamin A carotenoids in young aborigine children: A
Malaysian experience
Low CX, Kong JP, Cho YL and Ng TKW
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000
Kuala Lumpur
Three Semester 6 Nutrition and Dietetics (N&D) students at the International Medical
University (IMU) each prepared a different local snack containing one teaspoon (5 ml) of
red palm oil (RPO) per serving for consumption by Orang Asli children. Twenty-six Orang
Asli children comprising 9 males and 17 females (aged 3 to 6 years) from two
kindergartens in Sg Tekir, Labu, Seremban were recruited for the study. Eighty percent
of the children had normal BMI-for-age while 20% were suffering thinness. Vitamin A
intakes obtained by a single 24-hour recall showed that 46% of the children did not meet
their recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for the nutrient. The three snacks were
prepared with recipes developed by the N&D students and each serving contained 267 g
carotenoids (60% of vitamin A RNI) from 5 ml RPO. The test snacks were prepared at the
Bukit Jalil IMU campus very early in the morning and brought immediately to the Orang
Asli kindergartens in Sg Tekir about 80 km away. The young subjects were provided with
each snack on different mornings. On each occasion, the amount of each snack
consumed was recorded. Acceptance of a snack was set at consuming at least one-half
serving of the snack provided. On a fourth morning, one serving each of all three
different snacks were provided at the same time to each child for consumption and the
child’s preference for the snacks recorded. Springroll and curry puff recorded 100%
acceptability while doughnut had 82% acceptability. Preference of snack was in the order
springroll (47%)> doughtnut (35%)> curry puff (18%), but a test of proportions showed
no statistical significance for preference. Carotenoid retention tests showed the order
doughnut (100%), springroll (84%) and curry puff (45%). The overall findings indicate
that RPO can be used in a food-based strategy to improve provitamin A intake of young
Malaysian Orang Asli children.
D14 Acute effects of trans free palm margarine,
interesterified palm olein and interesterified fully
hydrogenated soybean oil blend on lipid profile and insulin
sensitivity of healthy volunteers
Ng YT1, Norhaizan ME1 and Voon PT2
1Department
Putra Malaysia; 2Product Development and Advisory Services (PDAS), Food Technology and
Nutrition, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang
Margarine was generally produced from vegetable oils through hydrogenation
process. Partial hydrogenation process however, can produce trans fatty acid
DJH
(TFA) which have negative impacts on health. Modification of hard fat by
interesterification (IE), which produces desired hard stock for margarine, was
investigated to produce trans fat replacer. However, the health impacts of these
trans fat replacers are still inconclusive. A crossover, single blind study was
conducted to investigate whether IE fat blends behave differently in terms of
postprandial serum lipid profile, apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) and insulin sensitivity as
compared to trans free palm margarine. Twenty young healthy volunteers were randomly
assigned to 3 test diets with one week washout period in between. These 3 high in fat
diets include trans free palm margarine (TFPM), interesterified palm olein (IEPOo) and
interesterified fully hydrogenated soybean oil blend (IE[FHSBO:SBO]). Test diet consisted
of a high fat muffin containing 50g of test fat and strawberry milk shake was given to
each subjects. Four hour postprandial effects on serum lipid profile, apoB-48, plasma
glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide were observed.
Plasma glucose level was
significantly lower after the TFPM diet than after IEPOo and IE(FHSBO:SBO) diet at 90
minutes (diet*time interaction P= 0.000). A significant difference in the level of plasma
glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride was found
over time following 3 high fat loads (time effect P= 0.000). However, the magnitude of
response was similar in postprandial serum lipid profile, serum insulin and C-peptide
with no statistically significant difference between diets (P>0.05). Although there is a
small, significant difference in both modified IE fats compared to unmodified TFPM in
plasma glucose, they still behave in similar manner in terms of postprandial lipaemia
markers and insulin sensitivity.
D15 Factors associated with binge eating behavior among
individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
Nor Safwanah S1, Barakatun Nisak MY1, Nor Azmi K2
Putra Malaysia; 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan
Previous studies suggest that binge eating behaviour (BEB) commonly occurs in
adolescents with type 1 diabetes with limited studies to date examine the
occurance of BEB among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Hence, this cross
sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of BEB and
examined factors associated with BEB among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Data was
collected through a face-to-face interview with the subjects. The BEB was
measured using Binge Eating Scale Questionnaire. The factors that may
potentially associated with BEB were also assessed included socio-demographic
characteristics, anthropometry, biochemical, clinical data and dietary intake as well as
depression which was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire. A total of 51
individuals with type 2 diabetes (10 males and 41 females) participated in this
study. Their mean age were 55.73 ± 9.20 years with body mass index of 29.51±
6.98 kg/m2 and duration of diabetes was 11.25 ± 9.10 years. In this study, the
prevalence of BEB was 7.8% which occured only in women. All of the subjects
(n=4) who engaged in binge eating behaviour were obese (Mean + SD; 42.33 ±
8.92 kg/m2) and had high waist circumference (Mean + SD 107.63 ± 10.70cm)
with majority of them (75%) unable to achieve target glycemic goals (HbA1c level
<6.5%). There were statistically significant association between age and BEB (r=-
DJI
0.401, p<0.05), between BMI and BEB (r=0.414, p<0.05) and between depression
and BEB (r=0.393, p<0.05). In conclusions, there was an appreciable proportion
of BEB (7.8%) among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Increased BMI,
depression, and younger age were associated with BEB among individuals with
type 2 diabetes.
D16 Associations of lifestyle factors, nutritional status, and
lipid profiles with homocysteine: a novel risk marker of
cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Norshafawati AA, Rosita J & Norhaizan ME
Homocysteine is a modest independent risk factor for CVD. Elevated homocysteine levels
were related to a higher risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular
disease. This cross-sectional study was aimed to determine the associations of lifestyle
factors, nutritional status, and lipid profiles with levels of homocysteine. The study
involved 122 academic and non-academic Malays staff aged 30-55 years-old that were
selected systematically. Data were collected via self-report and face-to-face interview
using a structured questionnaire which comprised of socio-demographic background,
smoking habits, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Depression Anxiety
Stress Scale, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Blood was taken after
10 hours of fasting to determine homocysteine level and lipid profiles [total cholesterol
(TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein
(HDL)]. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17.0. There were 40.2% male and 59.8%
female subjects with mean age of 41.93 ± 8.25 years-old participated in the study. Both
male and female groups were significantly different in homocysteine level (19.8±5.0;
15.5±4.8, p=0.000), with 89.8% male and 46.6% female subjects had high homocysteine
levels (> 15 µmol/L). Significant positive associations were seen between homocysteine
levels (mean ± SEM = 17.26 ± 0.48 µmol/L; 95% CI = 16.32 – 18.21) with passive smoker
(χ2=8.9, p=0.003), waist circumference (r = 0.202; p = 0.026), diastolic blood pressure (r
= 0.225; p = 0.013), waist-hip-ratio (0.204; p = 0.024), TC (r = 0.185; p = 0.041), TG (r =
0.329; p = 0.000), and TC:HDL ratio (r = 0.293; p = 0.001). There were no associations
between physical activity, smoking status (males only), depression anxiety and stress
score, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, BMI, LDL, and HDL with homocysteine
levels (p> 0.05). In conclusion, several lifestyle factors, nutritional status, and some lipid
profile analysis were associated with homocysteine levels. Thus, changes in modifiable
risk factors of homocysteine might be important to reduce CVD events amongst adults.
D17 Impact of a nutrition education intervention program on
weight loss in abdominally obese adolescents
Nourian M1, Zaitun Y2, Mohd Nasir MT2, Kelishadi R1
1Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 2Department of
Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Serdang
DJJ
Metabolic syndrome is a combination of cardiovascular risk factors and obesity as an
important component of metabolic syndrome is associated with numerous cardiovascular
comorbidities such as coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, and type 2 diabetes
mellitus. An educational intervention program was conducted among 100 abdominally
obese adolescents aged 12-18 years, living in Isfahan province of Iran. Obese adolescents
referred to the Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Research Clinic were recruited for the
study. The intervention group (n=50), participated in 12 health belief-based educational
sessions (one session per week). The control group (n=50) were exposed to the traditional
progam in metabolic syndrome research center. Anthropometric data were collected at
baseline and post-intervention to evaluate the effectiveness of the nutrition education
program. Based on the risk factors that were identified, the intervention was focused on
modification of diet to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes The
adolescents were encouraged to decrease intake of saturated fat and calories, to increase
consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables and to maintain moderate physical
activity. After the intervention, there was no significant change in weight of the control
group (62.5±16.6kg vs 62.6±16.1kg; p=0.97). However, weight of adolescents in the
intervention group decreased significantly (64.0±13.3kg vs 62.5±13.6kg; p<0.05). The
mean BMI in control and intervention groups was 26.4±3.2kg/m2 and 26.5±2.3kg/m2 (at
baseline) and 26.0±3.7kg/m2 and 25.8±3.9kg/m2 (after intervention), respectively. At
post-intervention, BMI of the adolescents in intervention group was on the borderline of
significance (p=0.05). The increasing incidence of obesity, especially abdominal obesity
leading to metabolic complications, is now recognized as a major public-health problem.
Results of this study showed that educational intervention programs among adolescents
may be helpful to reduce weight and prevent complications associated with overweight
and metabolic syndrome.
D18 Association between anthropometric measurement and
hand grip strength among hospitalized elderly in Hospital
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Syamimi Ahmad1 and Sakinah Harith2
1Nutrition
Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang
Kerian, Kelantan; 2Dietetic Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
Nutritional status of hospitalized elderly can be considered as poor. They are known to
be at risk of malnutrition which has been caused by multiple factors that synergize
together throughout their life span. Yet, this condition of health does not improve much
in hospital setting. The objective of this study was to identify correlation between
anthropometric measurement and hand grip strength among hospitalized elderly in
HUSM. A cross sectional study was done with a total of 77 subjects (39 men and 38
women) aged 60 years old and above. Subjects were interviewed using questionnaire
which comprises of nutritional risk factors and health condition information.
Anthropometric data: Heights, weight, body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm
circumference (MUAC), calf circumference (CC) were obtained using standard technique
of measurements. In the meantime, the hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a
hand dynamometer. Among these respondents, 36% were undernutrition based on BMI
(<18.5kg/m2) with mean of BMI for male: 21.39± 4.6 kg/m2 and female: 18.88± 5.6
kg/m2 respectively. Whereas, the mean of HGS was 19.30±6.88kg (for male:
22.78±6.83kg and female: 14.86±3.69kg) respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that
HGS was strongly associated with age, BMI, MUAC, and CC in both group (p < 0.01). As
conclusion, in order to combat malnutrition among hospitalized elderly, the health
DJK
professional should be aware of this situation in screening and managing nutritional
intervention in older patients.
D19 Effects of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density in
Chinese premenopausal women in Malaysia: preliminary
findings
Tee YYS, Zaitun Y, Norhaizan ME & Chan YM
Putra Malaysia
Isoflavones, found abundantly in soy foods may play a role in osteoporosis prevention.
An open-labeled, randomized trial was carried out to determine the effects of soy
isoflavones on bone mineral density (BMD) after 12 months. Seventy three
premenopausal Chinese women aged 30-45 years living in the Klang Valley meeting the
inclusion criteria were recruited. They were randomly assigned into the control and
intervention groups (100mg soy isoflavones per day). BMD was measured using dualenergy absorptiometry (DEXA) (Hologic, USA) at the lumbar spine, hip region and total
body. Socio-demographic and lifestyle information were obtained via questionnaires.
Anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), body fat and lean mass, were
assessed using appropriate equipments and standard procedures. Blood samples were
taken by qualified medical professionals. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour
dietary recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). There was no significant
difference between intervention and control groups at baseline for their
sociodemographic background, anthropometry measurements, biochemical indices,
dietary intake, and physical activity level. The mean age of the subjects was 39.3±5.0
years. Their mean BMI was 22.2±3.4 kg/m2 with 17.8% of them being overweight and
obese. The average body fat percentage and lean body mass was 33.9±4.6% and
34.5±4.4kg, respectively. The women reached menarche at 12.8±1.5 years on the average
and about 16.4% of them reported family history of fractures. The mean BMD at the
spine (L1-L4), total hip, femoral neck, and total body were 1.025±0.118, 0.876±0.109,
0.739±0.110, and 1.061±0.755, respectively. Using the T-score classification, osteopenia
was present in 21.9% of the subjects at the total body, 11% at the spine, 5.5% at the
total hip and 32.9% at the femoral neck; whilst 2.7% were osteoporosis at the femoral
neck. The mean serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were 2.12±0.05 mmol/L,
1.11±0.31mmol/L and 0.79±0.34 mmol/L, respectively. Mean calorie and calcium
intakes were 1506±427 kcal/day and 533.99±347.19 mg/day with none of the subjects
achieved the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) for Malaysian. The contributions of
calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat to the total energy intake were 46%, 18%
and 36%, respectively. The subjects also demonstrated low physical activity level, with
mean metabolic equivalent score (MET) of 786.3±941.9 min/week, and most of them
(62%) did not perform regular exercise. Age of menarche was negatively correlated with
BMD at the femoral neck (r=-0.243, p<0.05). Body weight and its related indices (BMI,
lean mass, fat mass) were significantly correlated with BMD at all skeletal sites. None of
the dietary and physical activity factors were associated with BMD at various sites. Soy
isoflavones tablets were well-tolerated and did not result in any adverse effects
throughout the study. These phytoestrogens were hypothesized to diminish bone loss in
premenopausal women.
DJL
D20 Understanding body composition, physical activity level
and quality of life of cancer survivors
Wong KH1, Suhaina S2, Fuad I3, Zabedah O4 and Ismarulyusda I5
1Nutrition
Program, 2Dietetics Program, 5Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 3Department of Oncology &
Radiology, UKM Medical Centre; 4Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Kuala
Lumpur Hospital
Some cancer survivors because of fatigue and side effects of treatment reported low
physical activity level. Hence, their quality of life affected. Therefore, the objective of this
study was to identify body composition, physical activity level and quality of life of cancer
survivors. A total of 12 cancer survivors subjects; 6 colorectal, 5 breast and 1
nasopharyngeal cancer, were recruited in this cross sectional study using purposive
sampling method was carried out at an outpatient clinic of Oncology and Radiotherapy
Department of UKM medical center and Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Information collected
were anthropometric measurements, body composition using Tanita Bioelectrical
Impedance Analysis, physical activity level (PAL) using GPAQ and Quality of life (QoL)
using EORTC questionnaire. Mean body mass index (BMI) and mean body fat percentage
of subjects were 26.13±5.09kg/m2 and 27.89±5.97% respectively. Half of cancer
survivors (50%) were classified as moderately active while the other half were having a
PAL of sedentary, with a mean physical activity of 693.33±208.60 MET (minute/week).
The mean score of global health status among cancer survivors were low (56.25±1.073).
Mean score of emotional function was 56.25±2.662 which was highest among functional
scale whereas mean score of symptom insomnia was 36.11±2.643 which was highest
among symptom scale. For breast cancer survivors, worrying about future health was
the main problem faced with the score of 26.66±14.91 whereas problem with lowest
score was disappointed toward hair loss that was 20.00±29.82. For colorectal cancer
survivors, sexual impotence was the main problem faced with the score of 41.67±31.92.
For nasopharyngeal cancer survivor, mouth dryness and sticky saliva were the main
problem faced with the score of 66.67±0.00. The quality of life of cancer survivors is good
from the aspect of global health status, functional scale and symptom scale. Body weight
and BMI showed no significant correlation with any scales of QoL. Physical activity can
improve QoL of cancer survivors by improving body composition. In conclusion, PAL of
cancer survivors was low due to side effect of treatment while all aspects of their QoL
were good. Further studies needed to explore appropriate physical activities to ensure
well-being of cancer survivors.
DKC
Group E: Food Science and Technology
E01 Comparison of the effect of boiling, deep-frying and
grilling on the content of phosphorus and protein in chicken
(Gallus Domesticus)
Chong YL and Chan YM
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti
Putra Malaysia
Patients with end stage renal disease (ESDR) on dialysis is recommended to reduce
dietary phosphorus while consume adequate amount of protein to reduce the risk of
hyperphosphatemia and malnutrition. Evidences show that cooking can affect the
nutrient content in food. This study is aimed to compare the effect of 10 minutes- and 30
minutes-boiling, deep-frying and grilling on the content of phosphorus and protein in
chicken, a commonly consumed food that contains high amount of phosphorus as well
as protein. The composition, nutrient retention values of dry matter, protein and
phosphorus as well as phosphorus to protein ratios in chicken breast meats before and
after cooking were determined using appropriate methods. The results show that dry
matter was found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05) for all cooking methods except
for 10 minutes-boiling. The content of protein was also significantly increased (p < 0.05)
following all these cooking methods. Dry matter and protein were mostly retained in all
the cooked samples. On the other hand, the content of phosphorus was reduced upon 10
minutes- and 30 minutes-boiling while there was an increased in the content of
phosphorus after deep-frying and grilling. However, there was only significant mean
change in phosphorus after deep-frying. Lower phosphorus retention values were
reported in boiled samples than those in deep-fried and grilled samples. There was
significant mean difference in phosphorus retention value between the 30 minutes-boiled
and deep-fried samples (p < 0.05). Phosphorus retention values were significant lower
than protein retention values (p < 0.05), indicating more consistent loss of phosphorus in
samples after cooking. In conclusion, among all the cooking practices, 30 minutesboiling has the significant lowest phosphorus to protein ratio as compared to raw
control, and hence would be a more appropriate cooking method for ESRD patients who
require sufficient dietary protein intake but lower dietary phosphorus intake.
E02 Total vitamin E in relation to levels of oil absorbed and
total polar compound in oil following repeated short-deep
frying
Kho SZ and Mohd Sokhini AM
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor
Frying with reuse oil has raised health concern. This study was designed to investigate
the effect of repeated short-deep frying process on oil absorption and levels of vitamin E
DKD
in the fried foods. The study also determined levels of the total polar compounds (TPC) in
the used oil. Potato strip and Yau-char-kuey were fried with fresh palm olein oil (POF)
and fresh soya oil (SOF); used 1 time (POX1; SOX1); 5 times (POX5; SOX5); and 7 times
(POX7; SOX7). Oil absorbed by the food was determined by Soxhlet Extraction method.
Vitamin E –tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3) (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) of oil extracted from fried
potato strip and kuih Yau-char-kuey were determined by HPLC. Minicolumn method was
used to determine TPC in oils. The results obtained showed that oil content in fried
potato strip increased between 8.89%-10.17% with repeated frying using PO; and
between 10.50%-16.25% with repeated frying using SO. Oil content in Yau-char-kuey
increased 7.89%-9.28% (PO) and changed inconsistently between 8.11%-8.65% (SO)
across the frying cycles. The differences were not significant (p>0.05) for Yau-char-kuey
fried with PO and SO, but were significant (p<0.05) for potato. Total vitamin E and some
isomers (α-T, γ-T, γ-T3, δ-T, δ-T3) decreased with frying cycles. There was an inverse
relationship between oil absorption and total vitamin E content in oil absorbed into fried
food. TPC increased with frying cycles. TPC were 0.40%-2.24% for PO and 4.25%-6.63%
for SO which were acceptably low. In conclusion, repeated short-deep frying process
increased oil absorption and total polar compound at a low rate. Consequently, higher
frying cycles significantly reduced vitamin E content of in the oil absorbed by the food.
D03 The ability of Zea mays ear in enhancing nutritional
composition and changing textural and sensory properties of
bread
Lim JY and Wan Rosli WI
Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Sciences,
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
Consumption of many types of dietary fiber has been shown to have various beneficial
physiological functional properties and health effects. Presently, different types of natural
fibre-rich ingredients are added into the bakery-based products to improve it fiber
content for health promotional purposes. However, majority of these products are
frequently added with imported dietary fiber ingredients. In the present study, bread
samples were prepared with Zea mays ear (young corn) powder at the levels of either 2%,
4%, or 6%. The bread samples were analyzed for nutritional composition, textural
properties and sensory acceptance. Addition of young corn powder (YCP) into bread
increases total dietary fiber (3.48%-5.26%), moisture (25.64%-26.55%), fat (4.35%4.61%) and protein content (9.13%-9.51%) significantly. In addition, ash content was not
affected by addition of YCP up to 6% (0.99%) as compared to control (0.95%). Results of
texture profile analysis indicated that addition of YCP up to 6% not significantly affected
the springiness (1.01-1.00) but significantly decreased cohesiveness (0.95-0.82).
However, the addition of YCP up to 6% has increased hardness (0.18kg-0.57kg),
gumminess (0.17kg-0.47kg) and chewiness (0.18kg-0.47kg) attributes of bread samples.
On the other result, the sensory evaluation shows that the flavour score was not
significantly affected by addition of YCP up to 4% (4.82-4.52) while the tenderness (4.534.42), elasticity (4.75-4.58), aroma (4.40-4.47), colour (4.93-4.55) and overall acceptance
(4.80-4.35) scores were not significant affected up to 6%. Breads with 2% and 4%
addition of YCP were considered to be acceptable and potentially used in improving
nutritional composition without changing flavour score.
DKE
E04 Quality of cooking oil among food hawkers in night
market of Bangi
Lim SY & Sokhini AM
Department of Nutrition and Community Health, faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
University Putra Malaysia.
Repeated heating oil causes deleterious effects towards human health. In this cross
sectional study, used cooking oils were collected from a selected night market food
hawkers which has been systematically randomized in six different locations around
Bandar Baru Bangi. Food hawkers were interviewed for their practice in deep frying and
thirty-seven oil samples were collected. All 37 selected food hawkers reporting of using
palm oil as the frying oil. However, the majority of the hawkers did not discard the used
oils after the night market close. Only 51.3% of them practiced disposing the used
cooking oil within 3 days of it usage. Indeed, most of the hawkers (35.1%) never discard
the used oil but replenished the diminishing oil in a continuous cooking. Oil samples
collected were analyzed for peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV) and smoke point
(SP). Values derived from analysis were compared to Rossell’s quality limits
recommendation using one sample T-test. Parameters that significantly fell within safe
quality limits are PV and SP, while AV was significantly exceeded recommended quality
limit (p< 0.05). The result suggests a possibility that cooking oils in night market are
abused as high AV indicates thermally oxidized cooking oil. Color of the oil samples was
also evaluated as a direct physical indicator for oil deterioration and arranged in
descending lightness from 1 (lightest) to 20 (darkest). Oil color inversely associated with
PV (r2= -0.339, p< 0.05), but does not associate with AV and SP, suggesting that oil color
observation is not a definitive indicator to assess oil quality after cooking despite the ease
and convenient of the assessment. In conclusion, cooking oils in night market Bandar
Baru Bangi were likely to be abused and were not safe to consume. Government is
appealed to carry out further investigation using more parameters to assess quality of
cooking oil used in food sectors especially food operators in the night markets and
restaurants.
E05 Vegetable oil enhances unsaturation ratio of fatty acid
compositions in sausages added with grey oyster mushroom
Muhammad Rausyan AR and Wan Rosli WI
Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Sciences,
Sausages are commonly formulated with animal fat as one of the ingredient to form a
stable emulsion-type product. Animal fat is normally containing high saturated fatty
acid. Various types of oil/fat that used in sausage preparation can influence the fatty
acid compositions (FAC) and also affect the textural properties (TP) of the final product.
The replacement of meat with grey oyster mushroom (GOM) powder may also affects the
FAC and TP of the sausage. In the present study, sausages were formulated either with
chicken fat, vegetable fat, margarine, palm oil or corn oil at the fixed level of 10%. All
sausages prepared with different types of oil/fat influence the TP of the sausage. In the
other result, the hardness of sausage formulated with vegetable fat was increased at 0.10
Kg.sec while the cohesiveness attribute of sausage added with margarine increased at
0.79 Kg.sec compared to other treatments (0.67 - 0.78 Kg.sec). On the other hand,
sausage formulated with vegetable fat also increased springiness attribute at 1.45
Kg.sec. For FAC analysis, chicken sausage containing margarine recorded the highest
DKF
amount of SFA at 58.12% compared to the other treatments (10.46 - 55.75 %). In
addition, chicken sausage added with palm oil had the highest amount of MUFA at
31.53%. On the other result, corn oil added in the sausage formulation recorded higher
amount of PUFA (68.30%) as compared to the other formulations (14.01 - 29.19%). In
summary, vegetable oil improves unsaturation ratio and influences textural properties of
chicken sausage.
E06 Frying stability of virgin coconut oil blended with
sunflower oil
Naaman TJU and Marina AM
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus,
The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stability of binary mixture of
sunflower and virgin coconut oil during deep frying. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is deficient
in essential fatty acid (linoleic acid) but has high oxidative stability. Whereas, sunflower
oil (SFO) has high amount of PUFAs and all essential fatty acids. SFO has a low oxidative
stability due to high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The thermal stability
of the binary blend was investigated through the chemical parameters namely fatty acids
composition, peroxide value (PV), anisidine value(AV), totox value (TV) and iodine value
(IV) which show the oxidative level of the oil. There were three systems of oil that were
used throughout the study periods which were 100% SFO, 75% SFO + 25% VCO and
50% SFO + 50% VCO. The study showed that the AV and PV were significantly reduced
in both 50/50 and 75/25 blend systems compared to the control system. IV values
however did not show any significance changes throughout the three oil systems.
Colorimeter test showed that the oil samples getting darker, yellowish and greenish by
the end of the frying. Viscosity test showed significance increase in all three oil systems
after three days of frying. As a conclusion, the perfect binary blend of sunflower oil and
virgin coconut oil can help to increase the PUFA and MUFA during deep frying activities
as well as to provide oxidative stability to the oil.
E07 Evaluation of Zea mays L. extract as antioxidant during
deep fat frying of virgin coconut oil
Neoh SL, Marina AM and Wan Rosli WI
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of corn silk or Zea mays L. (ZM)
extract in increasing the oxidative stability of virgin coconut oil (VCO) during deep fat
frying. Deep frying was done using French fries at 180°C for 3.25 hours per day for 3
consecutive days. There were 3 types of oil blend systems used: (1) VCO without
antioxidant as control system, (2) VCO with 200 ppm butylated hydroxytoluence (BHT)
as synthetic antioxidant and (3) VCO with 200 ppm of ZM extract as natural antioxidant.
The results show that ZM extract significantly enhanced the oxidative stability of VCO
compared to control oil and were comparable to BHT (P<0.05) in peroxide, anisidine,
totox, iodine and free fatty acid value analyses. ZM extract did not change the sensory
profiles of French fries which was shown by insignificant difference (P<0.05) between ZM
and control fries for all sensory attributes (colour, taste, aroma, crispiness, oiliness and
overall quality). Hence, ZM extract can be a potential natural antioxidant to be used in
DKG
reducing oxidation during deep fat frying, thus maintain the quality of frying oil and
consequently improve human health.
E08 Effect of cornsilk (Maydis stigma) in yeast bread:
evaluation on nutritional, textural and sensory properties
Ng SH and Wan Rosli WI
Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus,
Demand for dietary fiber-enriched bakery products is rapidly increasing currently. It is
due to dietary fiber offers health benefits including protection against several chronic
diseases which are the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Cornsilk, a
fiber-rich agricultural by-product has been linked with various medicinal and
pharmacological properties. Due to this interest, yeast breads were developed using
different levels (0, 2, 4 and 6%) of cornsilk powder (CSP). The nutritional, textural and
sensory properties of the yeast breads were evaluated in this study. The total dietary
fiber (TDF), protein and ash content were increased in line with the CSP level, from 3.35
to 5.91%, 9.13 to 9.76% and 0.89 to 1.03%, respectively whereas moisture content was
decreased from 25.64 to 22.58%. For texture profile analysis, the increment of firmness
(0.15 to 0.50kg), gumminess (0.15 to 0.46kg) and chewiness (0.15 to 0.46kg) of yeast
breads were observed parallel with the level of CSP used due to higher TDF content and
lower moisture content of yeast breads. Nevertheless, there were no significant
differences between yeast breads added with 0% and 2% CSP. In addition, the scores of
all sensory attributes were inverse proportional with the level of CSP incorporated but
within acceptable range. The scores for tenderness and flavour attributes were reduced
from 4.82 to 4.20 and 4.90 to 3.97, respectively due to the firmer crumb texture and
stronger CSP flavour. Among all cornsilk-based yeast breads, yeast bread containing 2%
CSP had the highest scores for all attributes and there were no significant differences
with control yeast bread. To sum up, this present study has indicated that addition of
2% CSP could be an effective way to produce functional yeast bread without changing
negatively its desirable textural and sensory properties.
E09 Partial replacement of chicken meat with oyster
mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) powder in sausage: the effect
on nutritional composition, dietary fiber and β-glucan content
Nor Maihiza Akmal MS and Wan Rosli WI
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian,
Kelantan
Presently, edible mushrooms have become popular functional food products mainly
because of their high nutritional composition and other medicinal therapeutic properties.
The present study was focuses on the effect of incorporation of oyster mushroom
(Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC)) powder to partially replace chicken meat in chicken sausages.
This study investigates the changes of nutritional composition, dietary fiber and β-glucan
content when sausages were formulated with either 0 (control), 2, 4 and 6 % of PSC
powder. The percentage of chicken meat decreased with the increased level of PSC in
sausage formulations. Proximate and total dietary fiber analyses were carried out using
AOAC methods while β-glucan was determined using the method established by
DKH
Megazyme (mixed-linkage). The result shows that the concentration of protein was
proportionally decreased with the level of PSC from 18.41% (control) to 14.29% (6% PSC
powder). Contradictorily, control chicken sausage shows the highest fat content (11.60%)
while sausage formulated with 6 % PSC had the lowest value (10.74%). However, the
replacement of PSC at 2 and 4 % in chicken sausage formulations also decreased fat
content but was not significant. In addition, ash, moisture and carbohydrate content in
all samples ranged from 1.92 to 1.55%, 61.98 to 59.36% and 13.09 to 8.84%,
respectively. Apparently, total dietary fiber of chicken sausage was increased in line with
the levels of PSC powder (0.08 - 6.20%). Except control chicken sausage, all PSC-based
sausages recorded higher concentration of β-glucan in the range of 0.16 to 1.43%. In
summary, partial replacement of chicken meat with PSC powder enhances nutritive
values including dietary fibres and β-glucan. Therefore, oyster mushroom powder can be
considered to be used as an alternative functional ingredient to improve nutritional
values of processed food products.
E10 Sensory evaluation of jangat (cow’s skin)
Umi Kalsum HZ, H Mohamed S, Dayana MN, Mohd Firdaus S
Food Technology Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Serdang, P.O. Box 12301, 50774
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Jangat is made from a beef skin, and it is a popular food to Jawa and Minangkabau
people. The conventional processing of jangat takes a long time approximately 2 months,
and the process involved is very tedious. MARDI had successfully developed a new
technique to process the skin which is easier, faster, cleaner and saver compared to the
conventional method. 25 panelists consisting of researchers of the Food Technology
Research Centre, MARDI, Serdang had been invited to do the sensory analysis of cooked
cow’s skin for 0, 1, 2 and 3 months. The sensory responded of the samples using a 9point hedonic scale. The attributes evaluated were appearance, aroma, tenderness, taste
and overall acceptability. The samples were presented randomized. Results had shown
the sensory evaluation results of commercial and new technology samples from 0 to 3
months. The result shows there was no significant different (p<0.05) between commercial
and new technology sample at all attributes. There also was no significant different
(p<0.05) between commercial and new technology sample from 0 to 3 months of storage.
Consumer preferences (overall acceptability) for the conventional and new technology
process were the same but in the 3 month of storages; they refused to accept the
conventional sample compared to new technique. In conclusion, the new technology on
the processing of jangat had better quality compared to the conventional process.
DKI
IMPROVING LIVES
through
Nutrition
As a professional organisation, we are guided by a simple belief – the more people
understand food and nutrition, the better they can care for their health and well-being.
For that reason, we support the advancement of research, sharing practical insights and
important discoveries for the benefits for all.
We also support the Government’s efforts in promoting healthy nutrition in the society to
combat nutrient deficiencies as well as diet-related chronic diseases in the country (e.g.
obesity, diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease).
In caring for the community, we continuously disseminate practical nutrition information
to the young and old alike, guiding them to discover the benefits of good nutrition and a
healthy lifestyle.
We are committed to improve lives through
nutrition. It’s our way of serving Malaysians.
Our Activities
For more information, visit our website:
www.nutriweb.org.my
Our Major Publications
● Annual scientific conferences
● Malaysian Journal of Nutrition
● Scientific update sessions
● Nutritionists’ Choice Cookbook (Vol 1:
Healthy Recipes for Your Little Ones)
● Malaysian Journal of Nutrition
● Berita NSM
● Consultation with health,
regulatory & scientific bodies
● Roadshows & exhibitions with
nutrition screening & dietary
advice for the public
● Public talks & workshops
● A comprehensive and
authoritative website on
nutrition for Malaysians
- http://www.nutriweb.org.my
● Nutrition promotion
programmes in collaboration
with other professional bodies
and private sector (eg Nutrition
Month Malaysia, Healthy Kids
Programme, Positive Parenting)
● Conduct research on specific
community groups
● Resipi Sihat, Pilihan Bijak (Vol 1 & 2)
● Women@Heart Wanita & Pemakanan
manual for professionals and leaflets
for public
● Malaysian Dietary
Guidelines leaflets
● NMM booklets on healthy
eating and active living
Nutritionists’ Choice Cookbook,
Resipi Sihat, Pilihan Bijak
(Vol 1 & 2)
Women@Heart Wanita
& Pemakanan manual
for professionals and
leaflets for public
Malaysian Dietary Guidelines
leaflets
15
NSM2012
Scientific
Conference La1
NSM-Pfizer
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8/24/11

Program and Abstracts - Nutrition Society Malaysia

Transcription

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