PRIMENA NFC TEHNOLOGIJE U SISTEMIMA PLAĆANJA

originalni naučni rad
UDK 621.395.721.5:658.88 ; 005.591.6
Jelena Vasković
Student doktorskih studija
[email protected]
PRIMENA NFC
TEHNOLOGIJE
U SISTEMIMA
PLAĆANJA
Rezime
NFC (Near Field Comunication) ili
komunikacija bliskog polja je nova bežična
tehnologija kratkog dometa koja se razvila
iz već postojećih bežičnih tehnologija, tačnije
kao njihova kombinacija, koja omogućava
interakciju dva uređaja na bezbedan način.
Ona znatno pojednostavljuje međusobnu
interakciju uređaja približavanjem ili dodirom
i omogućava prenos podataka između njih.
U radu je prikazan način funkcionisanja NFC
tehnologije, zatim su date njene karakteristike,
kao i stanje na tržištu NFC telefona. Analizirane
su mogućnosti primene ove tehnologije, njene
prednosti, kao i praktični primeri upotrebe. U
radu je prikazana primena NFC tehologije u
sistemima plaćanja i data je tabela koja prikazuje
sisteme za NFC plaćanje koji se danas koriste.
Ključne reči: NFC, NFC mobilni telefon,
beskontaktno plaćanje
Rad primljen: 09.08.2012.
Odobren za štampu: 03.09.2012.
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JEL klasifikacija: E42, G21, O33
86
original scientific paper
UDC 621.395.721.5:658.88 ; 005.591.6
Jelena Vasković
PhD student
[email protected]
Summary
The Near Field Communication - NFC
technology is a new wireless short range
technology that was developed from the
already existing wireless technologies, more
precisely, their combination which allows for
a safe interaction between two devices. It has
significantly simplified mutual interaction of
devices by bringing them in close proximity
or touch, and allowing for a data exchange
between them. This paper presents the way
NFC technology functions, its characteristics,
and the present situation prevailing on the
NFC phone market. The application options of
this technology were analysed, its advantages,
and practical cases of its deployment. The NFC
technology application in the payment systems
was also presented in this work, and a table
is given showing the NFC payment systems
which are in use today.
THE NFC
TECHNOLOGY
APPLICATION
IN PAYMENT
SYSTEMS
Key words: NFC, NFC mobile phone,
contactless payments
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JEL Classification: E42, G21, O33
87
Paper received: 09.08.2012
Approved for publishing: 03.09.2012
Savremeno okruženje nameće brz tempo
života u kome ljudi ne žele da troše svoje
dragoceno vreme na nepotrebne stvari. Nove
tehnologije omogućavaju čoveku da skrati
vreme koje mu je potrebno za obavljanje
svakodnevnih poslova i one danas brzo bivaju
prihvaćene i implementirane. Tehnologije
mobilnih uređaja su u poslednjih nekoliko
godina značajno napredovale. Telefoni su
pored svojih osnovnih servisa u koje spadaju
razgovori i razmena poruka dobili i mogućnost
da obavljaju mnoštvo drugih poslova. Može se
slobodno reći da oni teže ka objedinjavanju u
jedan uređaj, svih funkcionalnosti koji prosečan
čovek svakodnevno koristi.
NFC tehnologija
Near Field Communication (NFC) je bežična
komunikaciona tehnologija koja se koristi za
razmenu podataka na kratkoj udaljenosti do 10
santimetara. NFC koristi induktivno uparene
uređaje koji rade na frekvenciji 13.56 MHz.
Ona je standardizovana prema ISO 18092,
ECMA 340 i ETSI TS 102 190 i kompatibilna je
sa standardom za beskontaktne kartice (ISO
14443). [1]
NFC tehnologija putem koje se ostvaruje
komunikacija između elektronskih uređaja
koji su u neposrednoj blizini omogućava
korisnicima da obavljaju sigurne, beskontaktne
transakcije, pristup digitalnim sadržajima i
povezivanje elektronskih uređaja jednostavnim
dodirivanjem ili približavanjem.
Za komunikaciju putem NFC tehnologije,
jedan uređaj mora da radi kao aktivan čitač/
pisač, dok je druga strana pasivna i funkcioniše
kao tag. Postoje tri vrste uređaja koji mogu
učestvovati u prenosu podataka putem NFC
tehnologije, a to su:
• NFC čitač se koristi kao inicijator u NFC
komunikaciji.
• NFC mobilni telefon može biti i aktivan
i pasivan uređaj u zavisnosti od potreba
aplikacije u kojoj se koristi.
• NFC tag je pasivan uređaj koji može
komunicirati sa aktivnim uređajem.
U zavisnosti od načina rada koji je ustanovljen
između aktivnog i pasivnog uređaja, razvijena
su tri moda funcionisanja:
• Mod čitanja ili pisanja finkcionišu tako što
NFC mobilni telefon inicira komunikaciju sa
tagom. Inicijator može pročitati podatke sa
taga ili ih upisati.
• Mod imitiranja kartice, funkcioniše na
pricipu da su oba uređaja aktivna. Inicijator
komunikacije je NFC čitač koji kreira
magnetno polje. Kada se mobilni telefon
približi čitaču, on reaguje kao pasivan uređaj
i odgovara na njegov zahtev.
• Peer-to-peer mod funkcioniše na pricipu
da dva aktivna NFC mobilna telefona
uspostavljaju komunikaciju preko koje
imaju mogućnost da međusobno razmenjuju
podatke. Uređaji funcionišu tako što
jedan uređaj inicira transakciju dok drugi
odgovara na zahtev.
NFC tehnologija se može implementirati u
bilo koji uređaj, međutim najinteresantnije je
dodavanje ove tehnologije mobilnim telefonima
za šta je ona prevashodno i namenjena. Na
ovaj način korisniku se omogućava da plati,
dobije pristup, kupi kartu, dobije informacije
ili razmeni kontakte dodirom taga svojim
mobilnim uređajem.
Karakteristike NFC tehnologije
Kada se govori o karakteristikama NFC
tehnologije, treba napomenuti da je to protokol
kratkog dometa, koji podržava komunikaciju
na udaljenostima do 10 centimetara. Uređaji se
moraju skoro dodirnuti da bi se uspostavila veza
između njih. Ovo ima dve važne posledice [3]:
• Uređaji se mogu osloniniti na protokol koji
obezbeđuje da njihova komunikacija bude
bezbedna jer su pri povezivanju blizu jedan
drugom. Lako se kontroliše da li dva uređaja
zaista komuniciraju međusobno.
• Postupak protokola je vrlo blizak
ljudima, kada je potrebno da dva uređaja
komuniciraju, potrebno ih je prineti na
odstojanje manje od deset santimetara ili
ih međusobno dodirnuti. To znači da je
uspostavljanje mrežne veze između njih
potpuno automatizovano. Čitav proces
izgleda kao da se uređaji prepoznaju i
povezuju bliskom komunikacijom.
Važna karakteristika ovog protokola je
podrška za pasivni režim komunikacije, što je
značajno za uređaje koji se napajaju pomoću
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Uvod
88
Introduction
Contemporary environment imposes a
fast way of life where people are reluctant
to spend their precious time on unnecessary
tasks. New technologies are providing for
short-cuts that can make it possible for a man
to go about mundane tasks swiftly, and they
are being promptly accepted and implemented.
The mobile phone technologies have made a
significant progress over the last few years. In
addition to their basic services of providing
communication and exchange of messages, they
have now acquired the multitasking options.
It may be freely stated that they are venturing
towards being a single device providing for all
the functions that an average person may need
in his everyday life.
The NFC technology
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The Near Field Communication (NFC)
technology is a wireless communication
technology that is used for exchange of data
requiring a short distance of 10 centimetres
of less. NFC uses induction coupled devices
operating within radio frequency band of 13.56
MHz. It is standardised and compliant with the
ISO 18092, ECMA 340 and ETSI TS 102 190, and
is compatible with the contactless card standard
ISO 14443. [1]
The NFC being a technology providing for
89
communication between electronic devices
which are in close proximity, it allows its users
to execute secure, contactless transactions, have
access to digital contents and link electronic
devices by a simple touch or by bringing them
in close proximity.
For communication through the NFC
technology, a device must operate as an active
reader/writer, while the other side remains
passive and functions as a tag. There are three
types of devices that may be used in the transfer
of data through the NFC technology, and they
are:
• NFC reader which serves as initiator in the
NFC communication;
• NFC mobile phone that may be an active
and passive device, depending on the
application mode in which it is used;
• NFC tag which is a passive device that can
communicate with the active device.
Depending on the operating way set up
between an active and a passive device, three
functioning modes have been developed:
• Reading or writing mode that function
by the NFC mobile phone initiating
communication with the tag. Initiator may
read data from the tag, or write them down.
• Card imitation mode functioning along the
principle of keeping both devices active.
Communication initiator is the NFC reader
creating a magnetic field. Once the mobile
phone is brought in close proximity to the
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internih baterija, jer je kod njih čuvanje energije
isprobalo mobilne transakcije kao pogodnost i
alternativni metod plaćanja.
prioritet. Protokol omogućava uređaju, kao što je
Proizvođači uređaja su shvatili da im treba
mobilni telefon, da prilikom rada štedi energiju
kratkodometni komunikacioni standard koji je
pri pasivnom načinu NFC komunikacije. Ovaj
kompatibilan sa smart card čitačima i drugim
režim ne zahteva od uređaja da generiše RF
polje i omogućava da se cela komunikacija
sistemima koji se već primenjuju u indusriji.
napaja samo sa jedne strane, to jest sa strane
NFC dozvoljava da se plaćanje smart karticama
aktivnog uređaja. Naravno, samom uređaju će
i scenario pametnih ulaznica dalje razvijaju
omogućavajući da se bilo koji NFC uređaj
i dalje trebati interna baterija, ali se ista ne mora
trošiti na napajanje RF komunikacije.
koristi kao platni, kartični uređaj ili elektronski
Sledeća važna karakteristika je mogućnost
novčanik. Krajnji cilj bi trebala da bude potpuna
da se putem NFC komunikacije automatski
zamena bezbrojnih, kreditnih, debitnih, loyalty,
podešavaju parametri za druge bežične
pre paid i drugih kartica koje korisnici masovno
protokole. Podešavanje parametara za druge
nose u svojim novčanicima.
protokole kao što su Bluetooth ili bežični
Ethernet zahteva dodatne napore i znanje što
NFC telefoni
se putem korišćenja NFC komunikacije može
Primena NFC tehnologije u mobilnim
telefonima po statističkim pokazateljima je
pojednostaviti tako što bi se sa jednog uređaja
dobro prihvaćena od strane korisnika i u
preuzeli parametri mreže i preneli na drugi
uređaj jednostavnim dodirom.
stalnom je porastu što se može videti na slici 1.
Obzirom na to da je NFC
Slika 1. Broj proizvedenih i prodatih mobilnih telefona
protokol
kompatibilan
sa
protokolima
beskontaktnih
kartica koji se nalaze u širokoj
upotrebi, kao što su FeliCa
i Mifare, NFC uređaji mogu
poslužiti kao čitači kartica.
Kada govorimo o plaćanjima
putem NFC mobilnih telefona
treba naglasiti da se u njih može
instalirati aplikacija za plaćanja
(digital wallet) koja može da
kominicira sa velikim brojem
drugih beskontaktnih kartica
i telefona. Ova komunikacija
između uređaja je jednostavna
i intuitivna za korisnika, a sve
se odvija brže u odnosu na plaćanje karticama,
Prema ABI research (Slika 1) očekuje se da
koje treba provlačiti kroz POS terminal. Osim
21% od svih proizvedenih i prodatih telefona
toga telefon je autonoman uređaj koji raspolaže
budu NFC. To znači da će ih u 2012. godini biti
prodato više od 300 miliona.
značajnim računarskim resursima tako da se
na njemu mogu sačuvati podaci sa više računa,
Na uspešnost širenja ove tehnologije
kao što su kreditne, debitne i pre paid kartice
posebno su uticale kartične organizacije
koje su shvatile njene prednosti i ubrzo
što dalje omogućava korisniku da odabere
instrument plaćanja, kao što je to radio sa
kreirale svoje beskontakne brendove. Tako su
klasičnim karticama i realnim novčanikom.
American Express, Master card i Visa uložili
značajna sredstva u razvijanje svojih sistema
Banke i mobilni operateri su veoma
beskontaktnih plaćanja zasnovanih na NFC
zaineresovani za implementaciju platnih i
kartičnih aplikacija i NFC mobilne telefone.
tehnologiji.
Istraživanje sprovedeno od strane Visa
Značajan trenutak u razvoju primene
NFC tehnologije dala je kompanija Pay Pall
International je utvrdilo da je 89% stanovništva
90
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reader, it reacts as a passive device and
responds to its request.
• Pear-to-peer mode functions along the
principle of two active NFC mobile phones
establishing communication where they
have the option of exchanging data.
Devices function when one device initiates
transaction while the other one responds to
the request.
The NFC technology can be implemented
in any device, but the most interesting feature
is the option of adding up this technology to
the mobile phones, which was its initial and
primary objective. User is allowed in this
implementation to effect payment, gain access,
buy a ticket, receive information, or exchange
contacts by merely touching the tag with his
mobile device.
91
The NFC technology characteristics
When speaking of the NFC technology
characteristics it should be noted that it is a short
range protocol supporting communication at
a distance of 10 centimetres or less. Devices
must be at such a proximity almost touching in
order to establish communication. This has two
important consequences [3]:
• Devices may rely on communication protocol
providing for their safe communication due
to their close proximity. It is easy to control
whether two devices have really established
mutual communications.
• Communication protocol is very close to
people when for two devices to communicate
it is necessary to bring them in close
proximity of 10 centimetres or less, or have
them mutually touching. This means that the
setting up of the network communication
between them is fully automatic. The
entire process rather resembles the devices
recognising each other and bonding in close
communication.
An important characteristic of this protocol
is the support for the passive communication
regime, which is significant for the internal
battery feeding devices, as in their case power
saving is a priority. This protocol allows
the device, such as a mobile phone, to save
energy during operation in the NFC passive
communication mode. This regime does not
require the device to generate RF field, and
allows the entire communication to feed only
from one side, i.e. from the side of the active
devices. The device itself shall certainly require
an internal battery but it does not have to be
spent on RF communication feeding.
Another important characteristic is the
option for automatic adjustment, through the
NFC communication, of the parameters for other
wireless protocols. Adjustment of parameters
for other protocols, such as the Bluetooth or the
wireless Ethernet, requires additional efforts
and knowledge, which can be simplified by the
use of the NFC communication in the way that
network parameters from one device would be
taken and transferred on to another device by
a simple touch.
The NFC protocol being compatible with
contactless cards protocols which are currently
in use, such as the FeliCa and Mifare, the NFC
devices may serve as card readers.
When speaking of the NFC mobile phones
payment mode it should be noted that the
payment application can be installed (digital
wallet) which can communicate with a large
number of other contactless cards and phones.
This communication between devices is
simple and intuitive for the user, and it all
operates faster than in credit and other cards
payments, which have to be passed through
the POS terminal. In addition, telephone is
an autonomous device that has available
significant computer resources and thus can
store data from many accounts, such as the
credit, debit and prepaid cards, which allows
the user to select payment instrument, as is the
case in classic credit card payments or real-life
wallets deployment.
The banks and mobile operators are very
much interested in the implementation of
payment and other card applications in the
NFC mobile phones. Research conducted by
the Visa International established that 89% of
population has tried mobile transactions as
an advantage and an alternative method of
payment.
Primena NFC tehnologije
Dodavanjem mobilnim telefonima funkciju
beskontaktne kartice i čitača dobijamo novi NFC
inteligentni uređaj. On se sada može povezati
sa drugim NFC uređajim u neposrednoj blizini.
Ovakvom kombinacijom stvaraju se preduslovi
da se formira niz novih usluga.
Prednosti NFC mobilnih telefona su [4]:
• Interaktivnost.
Mobilni telefon je interaktivan uređaj koji
poseduje ekran, ima tastaturu za unos,
proizvodi zvuk i vibracije. Sve ove funkcije
omogućavaju da NFC servisi na mobilnom
telefonu budu interaktivni. To podrazumeva
razvoj aplikacija koje će raditi na mobilnim
uređajima i koristiti njegove interfejse. Ovo
predstavlja značajno poboljšanje u odnosu
na ranije korišćene tehnologije (RFID, Smart
Card).
• Daljinsko upravljanje NFC aplikacijama
Na jednom NFC mobilnom telefonu može se
instalirati više NFC aplikacija. Jedna kartica
je dovoljna za sve njih. Mobilni telefon sa
svojim interfejsima omogućava upravljanje
raznim funkcijama i aplikacijama, kao što
su dinamičko prilagođavanje okruženja,
preuzimanje aplikacija, personalizacija,
zaključavanje, otključavanje, prijavljivanje,
aktiviranje i deaktiviranje aplikacije.
Aplikacijama se može upravljati na daljinu
u realnom vremenu, tako da korisnik može
da počne korišćenje nove usluge. Takođe,
korisnik može da zatraži od svog provajdera
usluge da se zaustavi NFC aplikacija, kada
je njegov NFC uređaj izgubljen ili ukraden.
Korisnici i provajderi su samim tim u boljem
položaju u pogledu na bezbednosne rizike
i opasnosti koje su vezane za njihove NFC
servise.
• Daljinsko upravljanje korisnicima
Funkcija upravljanja je dostupna korisnicima
i provajderima usluga uvek komunikacijom
preko mobilne mreže. Npr. provajder usluga
može, uz saglasnost korisnika, preuzeti
različite evidencije o korišćenju NFC usluge
od strane određenog korisnika. Zatim, npr.
korisnici mogu pristupiti svojim ličnim
podacima u realnom vremenu. U odnosu
na beskontaktne kartice izdate od strane
jednog provajdera servisa, NFC mobilni
telefoni mogu koristiti servise od različitih
pružaoca usluga.
NFC tehnologija se u svetu već dokazala i
uveliko se koristi. Korisnici noseći mobilne
telefone sa ugrađenim NFC-om, mogu
kupovati, dobijati uputstva, razmenjivati
informacije i sve to samo jednostavnim
prinošenjem telefona, NFC uređaju
ugrađenom u informacione kioske, reklame,
čitače na vratima i na hiljade drugih uređaja
i sistema.
Da bi se na najbolji način uočila širina primene
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kada je objavila da će podržati NFC kao novu
mogućnost plaćanja putem mobilnih telefona.
Oni su demonstrirali mogućnosti korišćenja
NFC Android Widget-a koji omogućava
plaćanje tako što se dva telefona prislone jedan
na drugi. Ovakve transakcije bi bile besplatne
pod uslovom da oba korisnika imaju otvoren
račun kod Pay Pall-a.
Svakako da je najveći podsticaj razvoju ove
tehnologije dao Google kada je razvio svoj
digitalni novčanik. Kada se jedan tako veliki
igrač na Internetu pojavi sa novom tehnologijom
treba očekivati njen veliki uspeh.
92
Figure 1 Number of produced and sold mobile phones
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Device producers became aware of the fact
that what they actually need is a short range
communication standard which is compatible
with the smart card readers and other systems
currently in use in the industry. The NFC allows
for the smart card payments and smart tickets
scenarios to be further developed allowing for
any NFC device to be used as payment, card
device, or as an electronic wallet. The ultimate
goal should be a total replacement of countless
credit, debit, loyalty, prepaid, and other cards
which the users are carrying en mass in their
wallets.
93
NFC phones
The NFC technology application in the
mobile phones field, according to the indicators,
has been well received by the users and is on a
constant growth trend as presented in Figure 1.
According to the ABI research (Figure 1), it
is expected that 21% of the entire produced and
sold phone will be the NFC ones. This means
that in the year 2012, more than 300 million of
such phones will be sold.
The successful expansion of this technology
was especially impacted by the cards
organisations which have well perceived
its advantages and promptly created their
contactless brands. The American Express
and the Master Card and Visa have invested
substantial funds in the development of their
contactless payment systems based on the NFC
technology.
An important instance in the development of
the NFC technology application was provided
by the Pay Pall Company when it announced
its support for the NFC as a new
option in the mobile phones
payment system. They displayed
the options for the NFC Android
Widget application allowing
payment to be made by bringing
two phones in close proximity of
touch. Such transactions would
be free of charge provided both
users are having an account
open with the Pay Pall.
It stands beyond any doubt
that the greatest boost to the
development of this technology
was provided by Google when
it developed its digital Google
Wallet. Once such a major player on the Internet
appears with the new technology what is to be
expected is its great success.
The NFC technology application
By adding the contactless card and reader
function to the mobile phones we acquire a
new NFC intelligent (smart) device. It can be
connected now with the other NFC device in
the close proximity. Such a combination creates
the options for setting up series of new services.
The advantages of the NFC phones are the
following [4]:
• Interactivity. Mobile phone is an interactive
device which has a screen, a keyboard for
entry; it produces both sound and vibration.
All of these functions are allowing the NFC
mobile phone services to be interactive.
This means that applications will develop
that will function on mobile devices and
use their interface. In addition, this is a
substantial improvement in respect to the
earlier technologies that were in use (RFID,
Smart Card).
• NFC applications remote control. It is
possible to install in one mobile phone
several NFC applications. One card is
sufficient to receive them all. Mobile phone
with its interfaces is allowing for control
of various functions and applications,
such as the dynamic environment
adjustment, taking over of the applications,
personalisation, locking-in and lockingout, reporting, activating and deactivating
•
•
•
obeleženom kao NFC tag. Dodirivanjem
taga koji se nalazi na pakovanju proizvoda
korisnik preuzima detaljne informacije
o tom proizvodu. Isto tako moguće je
ostvariti određene popuste jednostavnim
prinošenjem telefona NFC tagu koji se nalazi
na promotivnom posteru. Ovakav kupon bi
se nakon preuzimanja uskladištio u telefon
korisnika i on bi pri plaćanju proizvoda
mogao da ga iskoristi tako što bi telefon
prislonio uz obeleženo mesto. Još jedna
mogućnost za upotrebu NFC tehnologije
jeste za preuzimanje informacija o akcijama
koje su aktuelne za taj dan. Na ulaz bi
trebalo postaviti NFC tag sa kog bi korisnik
mogao svojim telefonom da preuzme željene
informacije.
Još jedna pogodnost koja se može ostvariti
upotrebom NFC-a jeste plaćanje karticama
integrisanim u mobilni uređaj. Na ovaj način
može se platiti odabrani proizvod ili usluga
jednostavnim prislanjanjem telefona uz
aparat postavljen na mestu predviđenom
za plaćanje. Na ovaj način kupac bi pored
plaćanja proizvoda, iskoristio sakupljene
kupone ili preuzete popuste i ostario sve
vrste beneficija koje je predhodno preuzeo
na svoj telefon.
• Upotreba u pozorištu, bioskopu, na
koncertu ili stadionu
Upotrebom NFC telefona moguće je izvrštiti
preuzimanje podataka o koncertu sa postera
koji sadrži NFC oznaku, kupiti karte putem
SMS-a, vending mašina i sl., odmah ih dobiti
i zatim iskoristiti putem mobilnog telefona
jednostavnim prislanjanjem na obeleženo
mesto na ulazu.
• Vending mašine
Interesantna je upotreba NFC tehnologije
u kombinaciji sa vending mašinama. U
ovom slučaju korisnik bi trebao da približi
svoj mobilni telefon NFC tagu koji se nalazi
na aparatu, čime bi preuzeo kompletnu
njegovu ponudu. Zatim je potrebno da
izabere željeni proizvod, nakon čega bi se
na ekranu telefona pojavila cena. Korisnik
treba da potvrdi transakciju ukucavanjem
svoje sifre i zatim ponovo približi telefon
odgovarajućem mestu na aparatu.
bankarstvo 4 2012
•
NFC tehnologije date su mogućnosti njene
upotrebe:
Upotreba NFC telefona u vozilima javnog
prevoza (gradski, međugradski autobus,
metro, avion)
Uz upotrebu NFC mobilnog telefona mogu
se primiti detaljne informacije o redu vožnje
ili ceni karte sa informacionog kioska ili
postera. Moguće je platiti kartu, odmah je
preuzeti na telefon i pri ulasku na aerodrom,
železničku ili autobusku stanicu je iskoristiti
jednostavnim prislanjanjem telefona uz
obeleženo mesto na ulazu.
Upotreba u automobilu
Kada jedno vozilo koristi više osoba,
svakoj od njih je potrebno da pre upotrebe
podesi sedišta i retrovizore prema svojim
potrebama. Ova podešavanja mogla bi se
zapamtiti u mobilni telefon i upotrebiti kada
god je to potrebno prislanjanjem telefona
uz obeleženo mesto. Takođe, telefon bi
mogao da postane i zamena za dokumenta
o vozilu i vozaču, jer bi se ti podaci mogli
uskladištiti na telefon i kada je to potrebno
preneti prislanjanjem telefona uz NFC
uređaj saobraćajnog policajca ili druge osobe
koja treba da proveri ove podatke. Još jedna
korisna mogućnost jeste upotreba telefona
za plaćanje parkinga.
Upotreba u prodavnici, kafiću ili restoranu
Moguće je izvršiti plaćanje računa u
kafiću, restoranu ili prodavnici karticom
iz NFC telefona. Mogu se preuzeti detaljne
informacije o ponudi, kao i informacija
o akcijama za taj dan. Uz upotrebu NFC
telefona mogu se preuzimati kuponi ili
sakupljati loyalty poeni koji bi se kasnije
iskoristili za popuste ili ostvarivanje drugih
vrsta beneficija za potrošače.
Upotreba u maloprodaji
NFC tehnologija može biti veoma korisna
u maloprodaji. Na ovaj način korisnici NFC
mobilnih telefona bi bili u mogućnosti da
ostvare različite vrste pogodnosti u vidu
popusta, sakupljanja kupona ili ostvarivanja
drugih vrsta beneficija, kao i da preuzmu
različite vrste informacija o proizvodu ili
usluzi koja se nudi u tom maloprodajnom
objektu.
Sve što je potrebno da korisnik uradi jeste
da svoj mobilni telefon prinese mestu
94
bankarstvo 4 2012
95
applications. Applications may be remote
controlled in real time, so that the user may
start using new services. In addition, the
user may request from the service provider
to stop the NFC application when his NFC
device is lost or stolen. Hence both users and
providers are in a better position regarding
security risks and dangers involved in their
NFC services.
• User remote control. The control function
is accessible to users and service providers
always through the mobile network
communication. Service provider, for
example, and with the consent of the user,
can download various records on the NFC
services used by the respective user. In
addition, users may have access to their
personal data in real time. Regarding the
contactless cards issued by one of the service
providers, the NFC mobile phones may
use also services offered by other service
providers.
The NFC technology in the world has
already proved its worth and is currently
widely applied. Users carrying their mobile
phones with the installed NFC are free to
make purchases, receive instructions, exchange
information, and all this by simply bringing
their phone in close proximity to the NFC device
installed in the information desks, advertising
posters, readers on doors, and thousands of
other devices and systems.
In order to assess in the best possible way the
broad range of the NFC technology application,
various options for its use are given as follows:
• The NFC phone use in public transport
(metropolitan, suburban, intercity bus,
metro, plane transport)
Using an NFC mobile phone, it is possible
to receive detailed information on the
travel timetable or a price of ticket at the
information desk, or from a poster. It is also
possible to pay for a ticket, immediately
store it in the phone, and at the entry to an
airport, railway or a bus station, present it
by simply bringing the phone in touch with
the point so designated at the entrance.
• Use in a car
When a vehicle is used by several persons,
each one of them needs to adjust the seat
and rear mirrors according to his/her
requirements. Such adjustments could be
stored in the mobile phone memory and
used whenever necessary by bringing the
phone close and touching the designated
point. In addition, the phone could become
a substitute for the documents on the vehicle
and driver, as such data could be stored
in the phone and whenever necessary,
transmitted by bringing the phone in close
and touching proximity with the NFC
device of the traffic police officer or some
other person authorised to check these
documents. Another useful option is the use
of phone when paying parking tickets.
• Use in a shop, coffee shop, or in a restaurant
It is possible to pay the bills in a coffee shop,
restaurant or in a shop with the NFC phone
card. Detailed information can be stored
on the offer, and information on the events
planned for that day. With the NFC phone
use it is possible to take coupons or collect
loyalty points which may be used latter
on for discounts or some other consumer
benefits.
• Use in retail
The NFC technology may be very useful
in retail sales. In this way the NFC mobile
phone users would be able to enjoy various
facilities in the form of discounts, collecting
coupons or some other type of benefits, and
of storing information on the product or
service that is offered in the given retail sales
establishment.
The only thing that the user should do is to
bring the mobile phone in close proximity
to the point designated as the NFC tag.
By touching the tag which is located on
the packaging of the product the user is
receiving detailed information about that
given product. It is also possible to obtain
certain discounts by simply bringing the
phone close to the NFC tag which is situated
on the promotion poster. Such a coupon
would be then stored in the user’s phone and
while paying for the product it could be used
by bringing the phone close in the proximity
of the so designated point. Another option
for the use of the NFC technology is taking
over information on the actions and events
planned for that day. At the entrance into the
establishment, an NFC tag should be placed
NFC tehnologija u sistemima
plaćanja
bankarstvo 4 2012
Osim pobrojanih veći broj ovih sistema je
implementiran, ali su posle izvesnog vremena
ugašeni. Razloge za njihovo gašenje treba tražiti
Kada govorimo o NFC tehnologiji treba
pre svega u nedostatku mobilnih uređaja i
naglasiti da su ovi sistemi najčešće korišćeni
korisnika koji bi se uključili u sistem. Trenutno
za plaćanje. Do danas je implementirano više
stanje na tržištu mobilnih telefona je takvo da je
ovakvih sistema, što je i prikazano u tabeli 1.
broj značajno veći nego u predhodnih nekoliko
godina što se može videti na slici 1.
Tabela 1. Trenutno aktivni NFC sistemi plaćanja
Mobilno plaćanje na blizinu se
oslanja na postojeću finansijsku
Godina
infrastukturu. NFC telefon je predviđen
NFC sistemi plaćanja Zemlja
početka
da se koristi u aplikacijama za plaćanje
rada
uz pomoć kreditnih ili debitnih kartica
Go virtual
Kina
2003
koje izdaju finansijske institucije
NTT DoCoMO
Japan
2003
tj. banke. Aplikacije i informacije o
bankarskom nalogu su šifrovane i
G-Cash
Filipini
2004
učitane u sigurne oblasti u mobilnom
Maxis FastTap
Malezija
2006
telefonu. Telefon koristi ugrađenu
Mobile Visa Wave Payment
Malezija
2006
NFC tehnologiju za komunikaciju sa
OneSMART PayPass
Malezija
2006
POS sistemom trgovca, na sličan način
kao kod korišćenja beskontaktnog
EZ-link
Singapur
2007
plaćanja karticama (RF) koje su danas
Payez Mobile
Francuska
2007
u masovnoj upotrebi. Procesi plaćanja
SingTel
Singapur
2008
i upravljanja transakcijom su potpuno
identični kao kada potrošač plaća
Tesco Visa Wave Trial
J. Koreja
2008
tradicionalnom beskontaktnom, smart
Turkcell
Turska
2008
ili karticom sa magnetnom trakom,
Visa Paywave
Gvatemala
2008
bilo da je ona kreditna ili debitna.
Mobilno plaćanje upotrebom NFC
vivo Tech
Gvatemala
2008
mobilnog telefona može se obaviti i
M1 Mobile Payments
Singapur
2009
na mestima sa POS ternimalima (kao
NFC Telefónica
Španija
2009
što su prodavnice) i na različitim
automatima koje koriste postojeću
Ping. Ping touchatag™
Belgija
2009
infrastukturu za plaćanje. Plaćanje
Visa pay wave
Kanada
2009
se obavlja jednostavnim prinošenjem
GOOGLE Wallet
USA
2011
telefona na nekoliko centimetara do
beskontaktnog POS terminala. Proces
ISIS
USA
2011
je u potpunosti isti kao da se koristi
beskontaktna kreditna ili debitna
Treba napomenuti da su u tabeli
kartica.
prikazani sistemi plaćanja koji su se održali.
96
thereupon to receive them and then use
them by simply touching by mobile phone
the designated place at the entrance to the
venue.
• Vending machines
It is interesting to mention the use of the NFC
technology in combination with the vending
machines. In this case, the user could bring
his mobile phone to a close proximity of the
NFC tag placed on the device, thus accessing
its complete offer. What is required
thereupon is for the user to select the desired
product, and on the phone screen the price
would appear. The user should confirm the
transaction by entering in his code and then
again bringing the phone close in proximity
to the designated point on the device.
from which the user could access with his
phone the desired information.
Another facility which is available with
the NFC use is the payment with cards
integrated into the mobile device. In this
way it is possible to pay for the selected
product or service by simply touching the
phone with the device placed at a designated
payment point. Hence the consumer would
use also, in addition to making the payment,
the collected coupons or acquired discounts
and would profit from all sorts of benefits
that he had previously stored in his phone.
• Use in a theatre, cinema house, at a concert,
or a sports stadium
With the use of the NFC phone it is possible
to access and store data on concerts from a
poster which contains the NFC sign, and also
buy tickets through the SMS, by vending
machines, and similar, and immediately
NFC technlogy in payment systems
Table 1 Instant activated NFC payment systems
Country
Starting
year
Go virtual
China
2003
NTT DoCoMO
Japan
2003
Philippines
2004
Maxis FastTap
Malaysia
2006
Mobile Visa Wave Payment
Malaysia
2006
OneSMART PayPass
Malaysia
2006
EZ-link
Singapore
2007
France
2007
Singapore
2008
Tesco Visa Wave Trial
S. Korea
2008
Turkcell
Turkey
2008
Visa Paywave
Guatemala
2008
vivo Tech
Guatemala
2008
M1 Mobile Payments
Singapore
2009
Spain
2009
Ping. Ping touchatag™
Belgijum
2009
Visa pay wave
Canada
2009
GOOGLE Wallet
USA
2011
ISIS
USA
2011
NFC payment systems
G-Cash
Payez Mobile
SingTel
bankarstvo 4 2012
NFC Telefónica
97
When speaking of the NFC
technology it should be noted that
these systems are most frequently used
for payment purposes. A number of
such systems have been implemented
to date, as presented in Table 1.
It should be noted that Table 1
presents payment systems which
have prevailed. In addition to the
above listed ones, a number of such
systems were implemented but after
a certain time they were put out. The
reason for this should be looked for
primarily in the shortage of mobile
devices and users required to join the
system. Situation at present on the
mobile phone market is such that the
number has substantially grown over
the last several years, as demonstrated
in Figure 1.
Close proximity mobile payment
system relies on the existing financial
structure. The NFC phone is intended
to be used in payment application
with credit or debit cards issued by
the financial institutions, i.e. banks.
Applications and information on the
banking order are coded and entered
into security areas of the mobile phone.
The phone is using an integrated NFC
communication technology with the
Preduslov za korišćenje ovog servisa je da
potrošač i trgovac imaju otvoren nalog kod
provajdera servisa mobilnog plaćanja (PSP Payment System Provider) (sl. 2) [5]:
• kupac prinosi svoj mobilni aparat aparatu
prodavca i time šalje čitaču prodavca zahtev
za naplatom. Taj zahtev prodavac prosleđuje
PSP sa ostalim podacima potrebnim za
plaćanje (iznos),
• PSP proverava akreditive kupca i prodavca
(u osnovi to proverava da li su se kupac i
prodavac prijavili za takav servis mobilnog
plaćanja). Vrši verifikaciju zahteva,
• PSP šalje mobilnom uređaju kupca zahtev
za potvrdom, na šta mu kupac odgovara
potvrdom kupovine,
• nakon uspešne potvrde, PSP vrši pozadinsku
obradu i ažuriranje računa kupca i prodavca,
• PSP šalje potvrdu o kupovini kupcu i
prodavcu,
• u sistemima zatvorene petlje, trgovac može
narediti PSP da zatim premesti novčana
sredstva na standardni račun u banci.
Google Wallet
Google Wallet je sistem mobilnog plaćanja
koji je razvijen od strane Google-a koji treba da
omogući korisnicima da uskladište sve kartice
koje svakodnevno koriste u mobilni telefon. Ova
aplikacija radi posredstvom NFC tehnologije
i omogućava njenim korisnicima da izvrše
plaćanje brzo i jednostavno, prislanjanjem
telefona uz PayPass terminal.
Za sada se preko Google wallet
aplikacije može plaćati City MasterCard
karticom ili Google pre paid karticom.
Mnogi trgovci koji su partneri sa
Google-om nude mogućnost svojim
klijentima da jednim prislanjanjem
telefona plate, ostvare dostupne popuste
i zarade loyalty poene. Takođe, trgovci
partneri integrišu svoje gift kartice u
Google wallet aplikaciju, čime kupcima
omogućavaju da plate njihovom gift
karticom ili nekom drugom kreditnom
ili debitnom karticom.
Veoma je važno obezbediti visok nivo
sigurnosti kada su mobilna plaćanja u
pitanju. Za početak je moguće zaključati
smartphone telefon tako da niko ne može
neovlašćeno da ga koristi. Pri pokretanju
Google wallet aplikacije, neophodno je pre
obavljanja plaćanja, ukucati pin kod koji se
sastoji od četiri cifre. Sledeći element sigurnosti
jeste postojanje čipa koji se naziva Secure
Element na kome se čuvaju kodirani poverljivi
podaci korisnika. Ovaj čip je smeštem nezavisno
od glavnog operativnog sistema telefona i
njemu mogu pristupiti jedino autorizovani
programi kao što je Google wallet.
Kada je sigurnost u pitanju bitno je još
naglasiti da su neke sprovedene studije
pokazale da prosečnom korisniku kartice
treba oko osam sati da primeti da je njegova
kartica nestala [2]. Kada se sve kartice nalaze
u telefonu, bezbednost je veća jer će korisniku
svakako biti potrebno znatno manje vremena
da primeti da je njegov telefon ukraden, što će
mu omogućiti da brze reaguje i spreči nastanak
potencijalnih neželjenih posledica.
ISIS
Isis je zajedničko ulaganje u procesiranje
plaćanja između kompanija AT&T, T-Mobile
i Verizon Wireless. Ovaj posao je objavljen
16. novembra 2010. Sistem je predviđen da
bude zasnovan na NFC tehnologiji. Sistem za
mobilna plaćanja ISIS se udružio sa Discover
network-om i Barclaycard US.
ISIS je objavio aprila 2011. godine da će
sredinom 2012. započeti program mobilnog
poslovanja u SAD. Jula 2011. ISIS je objavio
patrerstvo sa Visa, Mastercard-om, Discoverijem
i American Express kartičnim sistemima.
bankarstvo 4 2012
Slika 2. Model sistema NFC mobilnog plaćanja
98
bankarstvo 4 2012
POS trading system, in a way similar to that
in the use of contactless payment cards (RF)
which are currently in extensive use. Payment
and the transaction control processes are fully
identical with the way the consumer is making
payment with the traditional contactless, smart
or magnetic tape card, either a credit or a debit
one.
Mobile payment with the NFC mobile
phone may be made also in places with the
POS terminals (such as shops) and on various
ATM using the existing payment infrastructure.
Payment is done by simply bringing the phone
to a close proximity of just a few centimetres of
a contactless POS terminal. The process is fully
identical with the use of the contactless credit
or debit card.
99
•
•
•
•
of the order is carried out.
PSP is sending request for confirmation
to the mobile device of buyer and buyer
is responding with the confirmation of
purchase.
After a successful confirmation, PSP is
making a back office processing and
updating of the consumer and vendor
accounts.
PSP is sending confirmation on purchase
concluded to the consumer and the vendor.
In the closed-loop systems, vendor may
order thereupon the PSP to transfer the
respective money amount to a standard
bank account.
Google Wallet
Google Wallet is the mobile payment
system developed by Google which
Figure 2 Model of the NFC mobile payment system
is intended to allow the users to store
1.1. Payment request
all the cards that are in their daily use
into a mobile phone. This application is
working through the NFC technology
and provides its users with the option
Payer
Payee
3.1. Confirmation request
of making payments in a fast and simple
manner, by bringing the phone in touch
1.2. Payment request
NETWORK
with the PayPass terminal.
At present, through the Google
Wallet
application it is possible to make
3.2. Confirmation
payments with the City MasterCard or
Google prepaid card. Many vendors
Server
who are Google partners are offering
2. Verification
options to their clients to gain additional
4. Background processes
discounts and earn loyalty points
by one simple touch of their phone
payments. In addition, trading partners
The precondition for the use of this system
are integrating their gift cards into the Google
is for both the consumer and the vendor to have
Wallet application allowing the consumers to
an open order with the mobile payment system
pay with their gift card or some other credit or
debit card.
provider (PSP - Payment System Provider)
It is very important to ensure a high level of
(Figure 2) [5]:
security in case of mobile payments. As a start,
• Consumer is bringing his mobile phone close
it is possible to lock a smart phone so that there
to the device of the vendor thus sending the
can not be any unauthorised use. In setting up
vendor’s reader payment order. This order
is sent by the vendor through the PSP with
a Google Wallet application, it is necessary
the other data necessary for payment (the
before making a payment, to insert a PIN code
amount).
consisting of four numbers. The next security
• PSP is checking credibility of the consumer
element is the presence of a chip called Secure
and vendor (basically checking whether the
Element which is keeping coded confidential
consumer and vendor have registered for
consumer data. This chip is located irrespective
such mobile payment system). Verification
of the main operational system of the phone
Visa i MasterCard plaćanja
Trenutno, MasterCard i Visa preduzimaju
značajna ulaganja u Evropi kako bi se stvorila
infrastruktura za beskontaktne transakcije.
Još 2009. godine Visa je uložila 10 miliona
eura kako bi pomogla malim trgovcima da u
poslovanje uvedu novu tehnologiju. Većina
bezkontaktnih platnih uređaja koje je Visa
sponzorisala distribuirani su u Velikoj Britaniji,
Italiji i Turskoj, dok su pilot projekti pokrenuti
u Francuskoj, Nemačkoj, Poljskoj, Španiji i
Švajcarskoj. Najpoznatiji Visa International
beskontaktni projekt vezan je za plaćanje javnog
prevoza beskontaktnim karticama u Londonu.
Najveći izdavač kartica u Velikoj Britaniji,
Barclaycard, je u saradnji s TFL-om (Transport
for London) počeo izdavanje Visa kartica na
kojima su podržane aplikacije Visa PayWave
(aplikacija za podržavanje beskontaktnog
plaćanja) i Oyster (aplikacija vezana za
korišćenje javnog prevoza u Londonu). Projekat
je uspešno započet u septembru 2007. godine.
On korisnicima omogućava korišćenje jedne
kartice za plaćanje javnog prevoza i plaćanje
usluga nevezanih za javni prevoz u iznosu do
10 funti.
Zaključak
Sa nastankom i razvojem NFC tehnologije i
njenom integracijom u mobilne uređaje, otvorila
se perspektiva za razvoj novih aplikacija koje
mogu da unaprede svakodnevni život. Kao i
sve nove tehnologije i NFC je do sada imala
usporen razvoj i implementacija novih servisa
je išla sporo. Osnovni nedostatak u proteklom
periodu bili su NFC uređaji (telefoni) ali kada
su na scenu stupili veliki poslovni sistemi kao
što su VISA, MasterCard, Google i drugi može
se sa sigurnošću pretpostaviti da će razvoj biti
ubrzan. Ako se ovome doda da su veliki sistemi
uložili preko 100 miliona dolara u razvoj NFC
plaćanja, ne treba sumnjati u budućnost ove
tehnologije.
Sa druge strane ako se posmatraju
proizvođaći mobilnih telefona uočljivo je da
se svakim danom pojavljuje sve više tipova
sa NFC mogućnostima. Tako Nokia 2006.
izbacuje na tržište jedan NFC mobilni telefon
ali već 2011 ista kompanija na tržište plasira
5 novih modela NFC telefona. Blackberry u
2011. ima ima 8 tipova NFC telefona. Svi ostali
proizvođači prate ovaj trend tako da će se NFC
uskoro tretirati kao standardna tehnologija koja
se nalazi u mobilnom telefonu.
Da bi mobilni telefon komunicirao sa drugim
uređajima oni treba takođe da budu opremljeni
i osposobljeni za NFC komunikaciju.
Razvojem mobilnih plaćanja na blizinu
pomoću NFC tehnologije stvoriće se novi
način plaćanja koji će omogućiti brže, lakše,
jednostavnije i praktičnije plaćanje. Izgubiće
se potreba za nošenjem više platnih kartica,
upravljanjem računima i troškovima jer će
svi ovi poslovi biti integrisani u lični mobilni
telefon svakog od nas.
Upotrebom
NFC
telefona lakše je platiti
robu ili usluge, koristi
javni transport, razmeniti
podatke između uređaja.
Pametni telefoni, kojh
je u poslednjih nekoliko
godina sve više, uskoro će
biti standardno opremljeni
NFC tehnologijom. Pored
telefona NFC tehnologija
će biti ugrađena i na
mnoga druga mesta
poput
automobila,
kancelarija, prodavnica,
što će u omogućiti
bankarstvo 4 2012
Kada se pogleda struktura učesnika u ovom
poslu jasno je kako će se u budućnosti plaćati.
100
bankarstvo 4 2012
101
and it may be accessed only by the authorised
programmes such as the Google Wallet.
Regarding the security aspect, it is important
to note that some of the conducted research
studies show that an average card user takes
about eight hours to notice that his card is
missing [2]. Once all the cards are installed in
the phone, security is enhanced as the user will
certainly take a much shorter time to notice that
his phone has been stolen, which will give him
the opportunity to react promptly and prevent
potential detrimental consequences.
issuing Visa cards, with the support for the
Visa PayWave applications (application for the
contactless payment support), and the Oyster
(application for the use of public transport in
London). The project successfully started in
September 2007. It allows its users to use one
single card for payment of the public transport
and payment of services irrespective of the
public transport, up to the amount of 10 pounds
sterling.
ISIS
ISIS is a joint venture into payment
processing between the companies AT&T,
T-Mobile, and Verizon Wireless. This deal
was announced on 16 November 2010. The
system was intended to be based on the NFC
technology. The mobile phone payment system
ISIS joined in with the Discover network and
the Barclaycard US.
ISIS announced, in April 2011, that by mid2012 it will start with its mobile operations
programme in the USA. In June 2011, ISIS
disclosed its partnership with the Visa,
MasterCard, Discover, and the American
Express cards systems.
One look at the structure of participants in
this venture clearly designates what will the
payment systems be like in the future.
Concurrent with the advent and the
development of the NFC technology and its
integration into mobile devices, new prospects
are opened for the creation of new applications
that can enhance daily mundane tasks. Not
unlike all the novel technologies, the NFC
has also encountered a slow progress and the
implementation of new services was taking its
time. The basic drawback over the past period
were the NFC devices (phones), but once major
business systems came on the scene, such as
VISA, Master Card, Google, and others, it may
be assumed with certainty that the development
will gain pace. If we are to add here the fact that
the large-scale systems have already invested
over 100 million dollars in the NFC payment
system development, there should be no doubts
about the future for this technology.
Mobile phone producers, on the other hand,
significantly produce day by day a growing
number of the phone types with the NFC
options. Nokia 2006 launched on the market
one NFC mobile phone, but already in 2011 that
same company launched on the market another
5 new models of the NFC phones. Blackberry
in 2011 had 8 types of the NFC phones. All the
other producers are following this trend so
that the NFC will soon be treated as a standard
technology to be found in a mobile phone.
For a mobile phone to communicate
with another device it is necessary that they
are equipped for and capable of the NFC
communication.
The development of mobile payment at
close proximity through the NFC technology
will create a new way of payment which will
allow for a faster, easier, simpler, and more
practical manner of payment. The need to carry
Visa and Master Card payments
At present, Master Card and Visa are
making some substantial investments in Europe
in order to create an infrastructure required for
the contactless transactions. Early in the year
2009, Visa invested 10 million EUR in order to
render assistance to the small-size vendors in
introducing new technology in their businesses.
The majority of contactless payment devices
sponsored by Visa were distributed in the
United Kingdom, Italy, and Turkey, while the
pilot projects were set up in France, Germany,
Poland, Spain, and Switzerland. The most
recognisable Visa International contactless
project was made in the public transport
contactless ticketing payment system in
London. The biggest cards issuer in the United
Kingdom, the Barclaycard, in cooperation
with the TFL (Transport for London), started
Conclusion
1. “Management of Multiple Cards in NFCDevices”, Gerald Madlmayr, Oliver
Dillinger, Josef Langer, and Josef Scharinger,
FH OOE F&E GmbH, NFC-Research Lab
2. “Services through NFC technology in AmI
Environment”, ERPAS 2008, 2008. godine
3. “Near Field Communication White paper”,
Ecma International, 2004. godine
4. “Essentials for Successful NFC Mobile
Ecosystems”, NFC Forum, 2008. godine
5. “Proximity Mobile Payments: Leveraging
NFC and the Contactless Financial Payments
Infrastructure”, Smart Card Alliance
Contactless Payments Council, 2007. godine
6. “Near field communications”, Giesecke &
Devrient, 2007. godine
7. Gauthier Van Damme i Karel Wouters,
“Practical Experiences with NFC Security
on mobile Phones”, Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, 2009. godine
8. “Introduction to afscm mobile NFC service
specifications”, Association Francaise du
Sans Contact Mobile, 2009. godine
9. “Smart Cards in Mobile Payment / NFC”,
Smart Card Alliance, 2008. godine
10.http://www.nfc-forum.org
da svaki prosečan građanin svakodnevno
upotrebljava ovu tehnologiju. Kada se uz sve
to napomene da je NFC tehnologija zasnovana
na međunarodnim standardima, odnosno da
nije vezana za lokalno tržište već je globalno
prihvaćena dolazi se do zaključka da je ona
definitivno tehnologija budućnosti na koju će
se savremeni čovek lako i brzo navići.
Beskontaktno plaćanje postalo je nužno u
sredinama u kojima je uvedeno, a prilagođavanje
potrebama korisnika osnovni vodič, koji
danas može donositi konkurentne prednosti.
Korisnika koji obavljaju beskontaktna plaćanja
je iz dana u dan više, a potreba za modernim
komuniciranjem sve veća. U korist ovoj
tehnologiji pre svega ide to što je korišćenje
veoma jednostavno i krajnji korisnik ne mora
učiniti velike napore da bi koristio uređaje koji
su mu namenjeni. Sve se svodi na jednostavnost
i multifunkcionalnost u korišćenju.
bankarstvo 4 2012
Literatura / References
102
bankarstvo 4 2012
several payment cards will no longer be there,
or to control accounts and costs as all of these
tasks will be integrated in the personal mobile
phone of us all.
With the use of the NFC phone it is easier
to pay for goods and services, it is easier to use
public transport, or exchange data between
devices. Smart phones which are growing in
number rapidly over the last few years will
become soon well equipped with the NFC
technology. In addition to the phones, the NFC
technology will be installed also in many other
places, like the cars, offices, shops, which will
allow for every average citizen to be able to use
this technology in his everyday life. In addition,
let us note that the NFC technology is based
on international standards, i.e. it is not linked
to any local market but is globally accepted,
103
and thus we can conclude that it is definitely a
technology of the future that will perfectly suit
the needs and habits of a contemporary man
who will gladly embrace it.
Contactless payment has become a necessity
in the environments where it was introduced,
and the adjustment to the needs of the users the
basic guide which can bring today competitive
advantages. The number of users of the
contactless payments is growing day by day,
and the need for modern communications is
also growing. This technology is primarily
supported by the fact that its use is very
simple and that the final beneficiary does not
have to make any great efforts in order to use
the devices which are placed at his disposal.
Everything comes down to simplicity and multi
functionality in the actual use of the device.