Australian jobs 2013 - Career Development Association of Australia

Transcription

AUSTRALIAN
JOBS 2013
CONTENTS
Jobs by Location
Australia4
Regional Australia
5
New South Wales
6
Victoria7
Queensland8
South Australia
9
Western Australia
10
Tasmania11
Northern Territory
12
Australian Capital Territory
12
Jobs by Industry
Industry Overview
13
Industry Outlook
15
Accommodation and Food Services
15
Administrative and Support Services
16
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
16
Arts and Recreation Services
17
Construction17
Education and Training
18
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services
18
Financial and Insurance Services
19
Health Care and Social Assistance
19
Information Media and Telecommunications
20
Manufacturing20
Mining21
Other Services
21
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
22
Public Administration and Safety
22
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services
23
Retail Trade
23
Transport, Postal and Warehousing
24
Wholesale Trade
24
Jobs by Occupation and Skill Level
Occupational Overview
Occupational Outlook
Occupation Characteristics and Job Prospects
Occupation Profiles (Selected Case Studies)
Skill Level Overview
Skill Level Outlook
Education and Employment
Graduate Employment Outcomes
Graduate Salaries
Employers’ Expectations
Guide to the Occupation Matrix
Occupation Matrix
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
31
32
33
34
35
Additional Information
Data Sources
How to Access Employment Services and Further Information
2
AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2013
42
43
INTRODUCTION
The Australian Jobs publication has been produced annually over
the past two decades to provide easy to understand information
about the labour market. It is useful for anyone considering
employment, education and training, or thinking about career
options. The report is summary in nature, profiling industries and
occupations, as well as national, state/territory and regional labour
markets. More detailed information is available on the department’s
website and on other government sites, and this report provides
links to enable users to further explore particular occupations,
industries or local labour markets. Some useful sites are listed on
pages 27 and 43. Careers advisers or employment services
providers may also be able to help.
In addition, this publication provides evidence of the value of
post-school education and training. Higher levels of post-school
education and training provide benefits for both individuals and
employers, as well as for the economy (page 31). It is also evident
that demand for skilled workers is growing strongly (pages 29 and 30).
That said, post-school education may not be suitable for everyone.
Australia’s economy and labour market are strong and there are large
numbers of people employed in occupations for which post-school
education or training is not required. This publication provides
information for occupations at all skill levels, and shows that some low
skilled occupations offer good part-time or entry-level opportunities,
which give workers a chance to gain valuable employability skills and
the possibility of working in a wide range of areas. For many people
these occupations present sound long-term careers.
Although information contained in Australian Jobs is as up-to-date as
possible, the labour market can change quickly and the skills needed
by employers vary across industries and geographic locations.
Consequently, employment and training decisions need to be based
on a balanced assessment of all relevant issues, including aptitude
and interests, expectations about pay and working conditions, training
requirements and long-term goals. Some commentary about the skills
and attributes employers value is included on page 33.
Inquiries about Australian Jobs should be directed to
[email protected]
Just as it did in the first edition in 1993, this year’s Australian Jobs
publication contains interesting statistics about the Australian labour
market. Although there have been some marked changes compared
with 20 years ago, some things remain the same.
• There are now more Australians in work than ever before
(more than 11.5 million as at November 2012).
• In November 1992, employment numbered around 7.6 million,
which means that over the past 20 years employment has
increased by more than 50%.
• The unemployment rate in February 2013 was 5.4%, one of
the lowest in the industrialised world.
• The unemployment rate for Australia in February 1993 was
significantly higher at 11.0% (an historically high level).
• Today, the Health Care and Social Assistance industry is
Australia’s largest employing industry, with 11.9% of workers.
• Two decades ago, Manufacturing was the largest employing
industry, with 13.7% of workers.
• The largest occupational group in Australia is Professionals,
which represents 22.3% of Australian workers (or more than
2.5 million as at November 2012).
• The largest occupational groups 20 years ago were Professionals
and Clerical and Administrative Workers, which each accounted
for 17.3% of national employment.
• Sales Assistant, General is the largest employing occupation,
with more than half a million workers (511,000 as at
November 2012).
• This occupation has had the largest workforce for the last 20 years.
• Three in every five workers have completed formal education
or training since leaving school.
• Twenty years ago, around half the workforce held post-school
qualifications. In particular, the proportion with a bachelor degree
or higher has nearly doubled.
• Almost one third of Australians work part-time hours.
• Part-time work was far less common two decades ago, with around
22% of Australia’s workforce employed part-time. The proportion of
males working part-time was significantly lower (around 10% of
males worked part-time compared with around 16% today).
• Females make up 46% of the workforce.
• Females made up around 42% of the workforce 20 years ago.
• For every worker who is younger than 25, there are around
2.6 workers aged 45 years or older. About 40% of workers
are aged 45 years or older and 15% are aged 15 to 24.
• In 1992, a higher proportion of the workforce was aged 15 to
24 years (around 20%) and a smaller proportion was aged
45 years or older (about 27%).
The contents of Australian Jobs 2013 are based on information available at the time of publication. Over time, the reliability of the data and
analysis may diminish. The Commonwealth, its officers, employees and agents do not accept responsibility for any inaccuracies
contained in the report or for any negligence in the compilation of the report and disclaim liability for any loss suffered by any person
arising from the use of this report. Labour market information must be used cautiously as employment prospects can change over time
and vary by region. It is important in making and assessing career choices to consider all factors, including interest and aptitudes,
remuneration and expectations, and the requirements of occupations.
3
JOBS BY LOCATION
AUSTRALIA
5 year change to Nov 2012
7.8%
5 year change projected to Nov 2017
7.1%
Technological change, greater labour market flexibility and
economic reforms have also helped to transform working
arrangements and were associated with a significant improvement
in labour market conditions between the end of the early 1990s
recession and the onset of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008.
Working part-time
32%
Recent labour market developments
Female
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
15%
Aged 45 years or older
40%
Outside state capital cities
37%
Employment
Employment Nov 2012
11,535,200
Employment Profile
While labour market conditions in Australia deteriorated at the onset
of the GFC in late 2008, with the unemployment rate rising to 5.9%
in June 2009, Australia fared much better than most other advanced
economies and recovered strongly during 2010. Since then,
however, conditions domestically have again softened, as a result of
ongoing uncertainty and volatility on global financial markets and
weaker global growth.
More than 11.5 million Australians are employed. The workforce
is highly concentrated on the Eastern seaboard, with more than
three quarters of workers employed in the three most populous
states (New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland).
Over the five years to November 2012, employment rose in all states
and territories and there were almost 840,000 new jobs nationally.
The largest number of new jobs was in New South Wales (227,900,
a rise of 6.7%), but employment growth was strongest in Western
Australia (up by 15.4% or 175,200).
Employment Share by State and Territory (% of total)
Northen
Territory
(1.1%)
Unemployment Rate (%)
Unemployment Rate and Annual Employment
Growth, Australia
Queensland
(20.3%)
South
Australia
(7.1%)
Victoria
(25.0%)
New South
Wales
(31.4%)
ACT
(1.8%)
Tasmania
(2.0%)
5
10.0
4
8.0
3
6.0
2
4.0
1
2.0
0
0.0
-1
Feb-93
Feb-94
Feb-95
Feb-96
Feb-97
Feb-98
Feb-99
Feb-00
Feb-01
Feb-02
Feb-03
Feb-04
Feb-05
Feb-06
Feb-07
Feb-08
Feb-09
Feb-10
Feb-11
Feb-12
Feb-13
The changing labour market
12.0
Annual Employment Growth (%)
Western
Australia
(11.4%)
Against this backdrop, employment growth in Australia has been
reasonably low, increasing by 1.7% over the year to February 2013,
well below its 20-year average rate of 2.2%. While Australia’s
participation rate at 65.3%, is currently below the peak of 65.9%
recorded in November 2010, it remains above the average recorded
over the last 20 years (of 64.2%). The unemployment rate has also
edged up slightly over the last year, from 5.2% in February 2012 to
5.4% in February 2013, although it remains around half that of the
Euro Area (11.9%) and well below the rate in the United States and
United Kingdom (both 7.7%).
The nature of the Australian labour market has changed
considerably over the last 20 years. The increased participation of
women in the workforce, a much greater focus on skilled jobs, an
associated increase in young people participating in education and
the ageing of the population, are just some of the developments that
have contributed to a workforce which is very different today.
Annual Employment Growth (%)
Source: ABS Labour Force
Employment by Location
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
States and Territories
New South Wales
Victoria
Queensland
South Australia
Western Australia
Tasmania
Northern Territory
Australia
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2012
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or
older
Workforce Educational Profile
Outside state
capital cities
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a post-school
qual
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
3625.7
2881.9
2336.4
813.9
1311.3
233.6
126.2
208.9
11,535.2
227.9
218.5
150.9
32.6
175.2
3.4
14.9
15.0
838.5
6.7
8.2
6.9
4.2
15.4
1.5
13.3
7.7
7.8
32
33
32
36
32
38
23
28
32
46
46
47
47
45
48
46
48
46
41
39
39
42
40
44
37
36
40
35
26
54
26
25
56
n/a
n/a
37
28
29
22
22
24
20
22
41
26
30
28
31
30
31
32
32
23
30
35
36
40
41
39
41
39
31
37
Page sources: ABS Labour Force (trend); ABS Census 2011. n/a = not applicable. For trend data, totals do not add.
4
For more information see www.lmip.gov.au
JOBS BY LOCATION
REGIONAL AUSTRALIA
12
10
8
9.9 percentage points
6
4
2
Region with the highest unemployment rate
Feb-13
Nov-12
Aug-12
Feb-12
0
May-12
Over the past few years, Australia has seen the emergence of a
multi-speed economy and labour market, with some states and
regions performing strongly, while others struggle. For instance, the
Northern Territory and Western Australia (which are both resourcerich) recorded unemployment rates of 3.9% and 4.5% respectively
in February 2013, well below the national rate of 5.4%. This compares
with an unemployment rate of 6.6% for Tasmania and 5.8% in
South Australia, states that are feeling the effects of the high
Australian dollar and weaker labour demand.
Feb-08
A multi-speed economy
Nov-11
Information on the industry profile of regional Australia is on page 13,
and the workforce educational profile is on page 29.
14
Aug-11
The workforce in regional areas also tends to be older, so there will
be strong demand for workers to replace those who retire.
Regional Disparity,
Highest and Lowest Unemployment Rates (%)
Feb-11
DEEWR research shows that employers in regional locations have
more difficulty recruiting skilled workers than those in capital cities.
They generally fill a lower proportion of their vacancies and attract
smaller numbers of applicants. This may, in part, reflect the fact that
regional workers are less likely to have studied after they have left
school, and suggests that there are real advantages for workers in
regional Australia to gain post-school qualifications to meet the skill
needs of local employers.
By contrast, labour market conditions in the region of Central Perth
are strong, with employment increasing by a robust 5.9% over the
year to February 2013. Moreover, the region’s unemployment rate
stood at just 3.2%, while the participation rate stood at 68.7% in
February 2013.
May-11
More than one third of Australia’s workforce is employed outside the
state capital cities, and there are sound opportunities for employment
in regional areas.
Nov-10
44%
Aug-10
The region of Wide Bay-Burnett, in Queensland, provides a good
illustration of a region with soft labour market conditions. At 9.8% in
February 2013, the region’s unemployment rate is the highest of any
region. In addition, the participation rate in Wide Bay-Burnett stood at
just 55.4%.
Feb-10
15%
May-10
Aged 15 to 24 years
Nov-09
34%
46%
Aug-09
Working part-time
Female
Feb-09
8.5%
Employment Profile
May-09
Nov-08
4,237,300
Aug-08
Employment Nov 2012
The multi-speed nature of the economy is also evident at the
regional level. For instance, in February 2013, the disparity between
the highest and lowest unemployment rate stood at 8.4 percentage
points, below the 9.9 percentage points recorded in August 2009,
at the height of the GFC, but well above the 4.9 percentage points
recorded in April 2008.
May-08
Employment
Region with the lowest unemployment rate
Employment by Location
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Cities and Regions
Sydney
Regional NSW
Melbourne
Regional VIC
Brisbane
Regional QLD
Adelaide
Regional SA
Perth
Regional WA
Hobart
Regional Tasmania
Northern Territory
Australia
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2012
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
2359.2
1244.2
2141.7
733.6
1075.9
1261.9
601.3
214.1
971.1
320.5
102.6
130.6
126.2
208.9
11,535.2
169.3
82.0
192.6
60.2
70.4
106.0
35.6
10.6
137.7
38.8
2.2
3.9
14.9
15.0
838.5
7.7
7.1
9.9
8.9
7.0
9.2
6.3
5.2
16.5
13.8
2.2
3.1
13.3
7.7
7.8
30
35
32
36
31
33
36
36
32
30
38
38
23
28
32
46
47
46
46
47
47
47
46
46
43
49
47
46
48
46
38
45
37
46
37
42
41
47
39
43
43
46
37
36
40
34
18
33
18
28
16
26
13
27
14
26
15
22
41
26
27
34
27
33
29
33
29
32
30
34
30
33
32
23
30
32
39
34
42
38
43
39
47
37
44
38
44
39
31
37
Page sources: ABS Labour Force (trend, cities and regions employment data-12 month average); ABS Census. For trend data, totals do not add.
5
JOBS BY LOCATION
NEW SOUTH WALES
Employment
This state
Australia
Employment Nov 2012
3,625,700
11,535,200
6.7%
7.8%
The four largest employing industries in New South Wales are
Health Care and Social Assistance, Retail Trade, Manufacturing
and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services. They each have
more than 300,000 workers and collectively account for 39.0% of
the state’s employment.
Employment Profile
Working part-time
32%
32%
Female
46%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
14%
15%
41%
40%
Over the five years to November 2012, employment increased in 12 of
the 19 industries. The largest numbers of new jobs were in Health Care
and Social Assistance, Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
and Accommodation and Food Services. Together, these industries
accounted for around two thirds of employment growth in the state.
Mining is a small employing sector in this state but it experienced
very strong growth, with its workforce more than doubling.
New South Wales is the most populous, and largest employing,
state. It has almost one in every three Australian workers (31.4%
or 3.6 million). Employment rose by 227,900 over the five years to
November 2012 at a rate slightly lower than the national average
(6.7% compared with 7.8%).
The largest employment loss was in Retail Trade.
Employment by Industry, New South Wales
Employment is concentrated in Sydney which has 65.5% of the
state’s employment, or almost 2.4 million. The largest regional
employment is in Newcastle; Richmond-Tweed and Mid-North Coast;
and Northern, North Western and Central West. These three regions
combined have employment of almost three quarters of a million.
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Industries
The state’s employment profile is similar to that for Australia as a
whole. The main difference is in educational attainment, with the
workforce being relatively highly skilled. Compared with the national
average, a higher proportion of New South Wales workers has
post-school qualifications (65% compared with 63%), particularly
a bachelor degree or higher qualification (28% compared with 26%).
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
Employment Share by Region, New South Wales
(% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2012
‘000
%
‘000
%
257.7
130.6
86.4
68.9
283.8
262.3
37.1
177.7
421.1
102.9
316.9
46.4
144.2
307.2
191.7
55.3
367.9
195.1
136.8
7.6
3.6
2.4
1.9
7.8
7.2
1.0
4.9
11.6
2.8
8.7
1.3
4.0
8.5
5.3
1.5
10.1
5.4
3.8
34.0
16.5
-5.4
12.5
-8.5
27.1
4.6
4.6
66.1
19.7
-3.6
24.4
-12.3
51.2
8.1
-2.1
-34.6
-3.0
7.3
14.1
14.5
-5.9
22.1
-2.9
11.5
14.0
2.7
18.6
23.7
-1.1
110.5
-7.9
20.0
4.4
-3.6
-8.6
-1.5
5.7
Population and Employment by Region, New South Wales
Population
Population
Aug 2011
Regions
Sydney
Newcastle
Hunter
Richmond-Tweed and Mid-North Coast
Wollongong
Illawarra
South Eastern
Murray-Murrumbidgee
Northern, North Western and Central West
Far West
New South Wales
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Employment Profile
1 year change to
Nov 2012
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
4391.7
522.6
98.0
524.6
276.0
137.0
207.8
260.4
465.3
21.2
6917.7
2359.2
267.0
48.5
235.2
129.7
59.8
116.7
142.6
233.2
11.5
3625.7
25.6
-2.9
-0.5
-2.4
3.4
-4.9
0.9
5.7
-6.7
2.0
43.5
1.1
-1.1
-1.0
-1.0
2.7
-7.6
0.8
4.1
-2.8
21.3
1.2
30
35
34
42
35
39
33
32
32
31
32
38
40
46
50
40
50
48
45
47
47
41
34
19
13
18
22
18
19
16
16
13
28
27
35
37
35
35
37
33
33
33
32
30
32
38
42
39
35
36
39
43
42
47
35
Page sources: ABS Labour Force (state-level data are trend, regional data are 12 month averages); ABS Census, 2011. For trend data, totals do not add.
6
JOBS BY LOCATION
VICTORIA
Employment
This state
Australia
Employment Nov 2012
2,881,900
11,535,200
8.2%
7.8%
The four largest employing industries in Victoria are Health Care
and Social Assistance, Retail Trade, Manufacturing and Professional,
Scientific and Technical Services. These industries each have
employment of more than 250,000 in the state, and together they
account for more than two in every five jobs.
Employment Profile
Working part-time
33%
32%
Female
46%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
15%
15%
39%
40%
Over the five years to November 2012, employment increased in
14 of the 19 industries, with the largest numbers of new jobs created
in Health Care and Social Assistance, Professional, Scientific and
Technical Services and Construction. These industries combined
accounted for almost two thirds of the state’s employment growth.
Victoria is the second largest employing state, with a quarter of
the nation’s employment, almost 2.9 million. Employment rose by
218,500 over the five years to November 2012, with employment
growth slightly stronger than the national average (8.2% compared
with 7.8%).
Employment fell in Manufacturing, down by 36,000 or 11.0%, but this
industry is still a large employer of Victorian workers (accounting for
10.1% of the workforce). Some sectors of Manufacturing increased
their employment. For example, employment in Food Product
Manufacturing rose by 2,100 over the five years.
Employment is concentrated in Melbourne, which has three in four
workers or more than 2.1 million. Outside Melbourne, employment
is spread relatively evenly across regions. The largest employing
region is Barwon-Western District, with 7.2% of state employment.
Employment by Industry, Victoria
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
The profile of Victoria’s workforce is similar to the national average
in terms of age, gender, part-time employment and proportion of
workers holding post-school qualifications. Victorian workers are,
though, more likely to have a bachelor degree or higher qualification
(29% compared with 26%).
Industries
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
The profile of the workforce outside Melbourne is a little different
to that of the capital city. A higher proportion of regional workers
is aged 45 years or older, regional workers are more likely to work
part-time and less likely to have a bachelor degree or higher
qualification than those in Melbourne. Regional workers are,
though, more likely to hold qualifications at the certificate III or
higher vocational education and training level.
Employment Share by Region, Victoria (% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2012
‘000
%
‘000
%
181.0
91.7
76.6
59.7
246.3
231.2
35.0
118.2
342.4
54.6
290.5
10.7
106.5
250.1
132.8
44.0
327.5
139.9
127.3
6.3
3.2
2.7
2.1
8.5
8.0
1.2
4.1
11.9
1.9
10.1
0.4
3.7
8.7
4.6
1.5
11.4
4.9
4.4
16.6
5.8
-5.3
2.3
27.3
23.3
7.3
8.4
77.3
-15.5
-36.0
1.0
-15.0
35.4
24.5
-1.1
27.2
17.7
11.4
10.1
6.8
-6.5
4.0
12.5
11.2
26.6
7.6
29.2
-22.2
-11.0
10.0
-12.3
16.5
22.7
-2.5
9.1
14.5
9.9
Population and Employment by Region, Victoria
Population
Population
Aug 2011
Regions
Melbourne
Barwon-Western District
Central Highlands-Wimmera
Loddon-Mallee
Goulburn-Ovens-Murray
All Gippsland
Victoria
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Employment Profile
1 year change to
Nov 2012
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
3940.6
379.2
202.1
268.2
299.6
256.1
5354.0
2141.7
206.6
104.6
139.5
150.3
132.7
2881.9
10.2
11.0
-0.4
-2.8
2.0
-8.1
22.7
0.5
5.6
-0.4
-2.0
1.3
-5.8
0.8
32
37
36
36
35
37
33
37
44
45
46
47
47
39
33
20
19
19
15
15
29
27
33
32
32
34
36
28
34
40
42
42
43
42
36
7
JOBS BY LOCATION
QUEENSLAND
Employment
This state
Australia
Employment Nov 2012
2,336,400
11,535,200
6.9%
7.8%
The largest employing industries in Queensland are Health Care and
Social Assistance, Retail Trade, Construction and Education and
Training, which collectively account for more than two in every five jobs.
12 of the 19 industries. The largest employment gains were in Health
Care and Social Assistance, Mining and Education and Training.
Together these industries contributed more than three in every four
new jobs.
Employment Profile
Working part-time
32%
32%
Female
47%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
15%
39%
40%
Over this period, Retail Trade recorded the largest decrease in
employment. This industry, though, continues to be a significant
employer in Queensland, with 10.9% of the state’s workers.
Queensland is the third largest employing state, with 20.3% of national
employment or 2.3 million workers. There were 150,900 new jobs
created over the five years to November 2012, with employment
growth slightly below the national average (6.9% compared with 7.8%).
Employment by Industry, Queensland
Employment is regionally dispersed with more than half the state’s
workers employed outside Brisbane. More than 300,000 workers
(or 12.8% of state total) are employed on the Gold Coast, making
it the largest employing region. Other regions generally each have
between 5% and 10% of state employment.
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Industries
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
Queensland’s workforce is slightly younger than the national average
and a relatively low proportion holds post-school qualifications (60%
compared with 63%). Workers in regional areas of the state are
significantly less likely to hold a bachelor degree or higher qualification
than workers in Brisbane (16% compared with 28%). They are,
though, more likely to hold certificate III or higher vocational education
and training qualifications (33% compared with 29%).
Employment Share by Region, Queensland
(% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2012
‘000
%
‘000
%
168.8
76.5
62.7
38.3
233.4
184.7
29.8
63.4
285.8
31.8
167.5
73.6
96.7
162.8
146.5
49.6
253.7
139.2
78.3
7.2
3.3
2.7
1.6
10.0
7.9
1.3
2.7
12.2
1.4
7.2
3.1
4.1
7.0
6.3
2.1
10.9
6.0
3.4
12.6
3.2
-15.0
-5.0
-2.0
21.7
8.8
11.0
72.2
-10.2
-19.4
34.7
9.0
18.5
15.7
-3.6
-20.4
20.1
11.6
8.1
4.4
-19.3
-11.6
-0.8
13.3
41.5
21.0
33.8
-24.4
-10.4
89.3
10.3
12.8
12.0
-6.8
-7.4
16.9
17.4
Population and Employment by Region, Queensland
Population
Population
Aug 2011
Regions
Brisbane
Gold Coast
Sunshine Coast
West Moreton
Wide Bay-Burnett
Darling Downs-South West
Mackay-Fitzroy-Central West
Northern-North West
Far North
Queensland
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Employment Profile
1 year change to
Nov 2012
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
1957.2
553.9
306.9
79.9
278.8
252.9
384.7
251.0
254.3
4332.7
1075.9
300.2
156.3
36.7
129.3
143.1
224.0
138.3
134.0
2336.4
9.8
-2.2
-1.8
-2.7
11.1
5.2
4.9
-10.5
0.1
-4.9
0.9
-0.7
-1.1
-6.8
9.4
3.8
2.3
-7.1
0.1
-0.2
31
36
40
34
36
31
26
28
32
32
37
39
45
46
47
43
39
38
43
39
28
19
19
11
13
16
13
17
17
22
29
34
35
31
33
30
34
32
34
31
38
40
39
50
46
46
46
44
41
40
8
JOBS BY LOCATION
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Employment
This state
Australia
813,900
11,535,200
4.2%
7.8%
Working part-time
36%
32%
Female
47%
46%
Employment Nov 2012
The largest employing industries in South Australia are Health Care
and Social Assistance, Retail Trade, Manufacturing and Education
and Training. Collectively, these industries account for more than
two in every five jobs.
Employment Profile
Aged 15 to 24 years
15%
15%
42%
40%
South Australia has a slightly higher share of its employment in
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (4.1% of its workers are employed
in this industry) and Healthcare and Social Assistance (13.7%) than
the national averages (2.8% and 11.9% respectively). It has a
relatively low share, though, in Financial and Insurance Services jobs
(2.4% compared with 3.7% nationally).
South Australia is the second smallest employing state, with 7.1%
of national employment or 813,000 workers. Over the five years to
November 2012, employment in South Australia increased by
32,600, with the rate of employment growth below the national
average (4.2% compared with 7.8%).
12 of the 19 industries. The largest gains were in Health Care and
Social Assistance, Education and Training and Professional, Scientific
and Technical Services. Combined, these industries contributed
44,200 jobs, but this was partly offset by falls in other sectors.
Employment is concentrated in Adelaide, which has almost three
quarters of the state’s workforce. Outside Adelaide there are two
regions. Northern and Western SA is larger in area than Southern
and Eastern SA, but has fewer workers. Employment rose slightly in
both the regional areas of South Australia over the year to November
2012 (the five year time series is not available), but fell in Adelaide.
Over the same period, the largest employment loss was in
Manufacturing. Not all areas of Manufacturing had falling employment,
though, with 2,600 new jobs created in Food Product Manufacturing.
Employment by Industry, South Australia
The state’s workforce is relatively low skilled. About 59% of workers
hold post-school qualifications (compared with 63% nationally).
Few workers outside Adelaide hold a bachelor degree or higher
qualification (13% compared with 26% in Adelaide).
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Industries
The South Australian workforce has a relatively old age profile (second
only to Tasmania’s), with a high proportion of its workers in the 45
years or older age range. This is particularly evident in regional
locations of the state, where close to half the workers (47%) are aged
45 years or older.
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
Workers in this state are more likely to be employed part-time than
workers nationally.
Employment Share by Region, South Australia
(% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2012
‘000
%
‘000
%
53.5
27.8
33.4
13.5
66.7
68.0
12.7
19.4
111.3
13.6
75.3
13.1
32.6
54.4
53.7
13.1
91.4
34.5
26.5
6.6
3.4
4.1
1.7
8.2
8.4
1.6
2.4
13.7
1.7
9.3
1.6
4.0
6.7
6.6
1.6
11.2
4.2
3.3
8.2
1.6
-7.3
2.9
10.4
14.4
3.9
-5.5
18.0
0.5
-19.1
3.1
-4.7
11.8
-2.4
2.8
-4.9
0.6
-2.7
18.2
6.1
-18.0
27.0
18.4
26.8
44.4
-22.0
19.3
3.6
-20.3
31.6
-12.6
27.6
-4.2
27.7
-5.0
1.8
-9.3
Population and Employment by Region, South Australia
Population
Population
Aug 2011
Regions
Adelaide
Southern and Eastern SA
Northern and Western SA
South Australia
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Employment Profile
1 year change to
Nov 2012
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
1165.8
269.7
157.9
1596.6
601.3
138.8
75.3
813.9
-1.5
0.6
0.3
-3.9
-0.3
0.5
0.4
-0.5
36
37
34
36
41
48
46
42
26
13
12
22
29
32
31
30
39
47
49
41
9
JOBS BY LOCATION
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Employment
This state
Australia
Employment Nov 2012
1,311,300
11,535,200
15.4%
7.8%
The largest employing industries are Health Care and Social
Assistance, Retail Trade, Construction and Mining. Each of
these industries employs more than 100,000 workers in the
state. Western Australia has a high share of the nation’s Mining
employment (40.2%). Mining directly employs 8.3% of Western
Australian workers. The strength of the state’s Mining sector creates
demand in other industries for workers like pilots and train drivers
who work in Transport, Postal and Warehousing but are transporting
people and goods to mine sites, and engineers and geologists in
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services who contract their
services to Mining.
Employment Profile
Working part-time
32%
32%
Female
45%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
15%
40%
40%
Western Australia is the fourth largest and fastest growing state in
terms of employment. It has 11.4% of the nation’s workers.
This state experienced particularly strong employment growth over
the five years to November 2012, driven particularly by the strength
of the resources sector. Employment increased by 175,200 or 15.4%
(the strongest rate of any state or territory).
Over the five years to November 2012, employment grew in 13 of the
19 industries. Half the new jobs were created in Mining, Health Care
and Social Assistance and Administrative and Support Services.
There has been a slowdown in the growth of Mining. Most of the
new jobs over the five years to November 2012 were created before
November 2011. Over the year to November 2012, employment in
this industry increased by 7,200 (or 7.2%), well below the average
growth of 15.6% per annum over the past five years.
Employment is concentrated in Perth, which accounts for three
quarters of Western Australian jobs. Outside Perth, employment is
spread fairly evenly between the two regions, despite their markedly
different geographic size.
Employment by Industry, Western Australia
Western Australian workers are slightly less likely to hold postschool qualifications than the national average (61% compared with
63%). Workers in Perth are more likely to have a bachelor degree or
higher qualification than those in regional areas, but workers outside
Perth are more likely to have certificate III level or higher vocational
education and training qualifications.
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Industries
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
The state’s workforce profile is similar to that for Australia as a
whole, but there are some marked differences between workers in
Perth and those in regional areas. Workers in regional locations are
generally older (43% are aged 45 years or older compared with 39%
in Perth) and are slightly more likely to be employed full-time (70%
compared with 68%).
Employment Share by Region, Western Australia
(% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2012
‘000
%
‘000
%
72.9
53.5
41.3
22.2
127.4
95.3
24.3
31.1
139.6
15.6
96.2
108.4
55.6
95.0
70.8
22.5
135.0
61.0
40.2
5.6
4.1
3.1
1.7
9.7
7.3
1.9
2.4
10.6
1.2
7.3
8.3
4.2
7.2
5.4
1.7
10.3
4.7
3.1
12.2
13.9
-1.1
-0.3
5.7
10.0
10.8
-0.3
24.0
-0.4
-0.7
56.0
8.4
6.6
7.7
-1.2
10.1
5.8
5.9
20.2
35.0
-2.5
-1.3
4.6
11.7
80.4
-0.9
20.7
-2.8
-0.7
106.8
17.9
7.5
12.3
-4.9
8.1
10.6
17.1
Population and Employment by Region, Western Australia
Population
Region
Perth
Lower-Western WA
Remainder-Balance WA
Western Australia
Employment
Population
Aug 2011
Employ’t
Nov 2012
‘000
1645.6
317.4
268.4
2239.2
‘000
971.1
169.7
150.7
1311.3
Employment Profile
1 year change to
Nov 2012
‘000
46.8
3.1
6.2
57.6
%
5.1
1.8
4.3
4.6
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher VET
qual
Without
a postschool qual
%
32
35
24
32
%
39
45
40
40
%
27
14
14
24
%
30
34
34
31
%
37
44
44
39
10
JOBS BY LOCATION
TASMANIA
Employment
This state
Australia
233,600
11,535,200
1.5%
7.8%
Working part-time
38%
32%
Female
48%
46%
Employment Nov 2012
The four largest employing industries are Health Care and
Social Assistance, Retail Trade, Education and Training and
Manufacturing. Together these industries account for 42.5%
of the state’s employment.
Employment Profile
Aged 15 to 24 years
15%
15%
44%
40%
9 of the 19 industries. The largest gains were in Health Care and
Social Assistance (the most new jobs were in the subdivision of
Hospitals, up by 4,200), Professional, Scientific and Technical
Services and Mining. Collectively, these industries account for
60% of new jobs. Although Mining is a small employing sector in
Tasmania, it has experienced very strong growth, with its workforce
almost doubling over the five years to November 2012.
Tasmania is the smallest employing state (although both the territories
have smaller labour markets), with 2.0% of national employment.
Over the five years to November 2012, employment increased by
1.5% (or 3,400), well below the national average of 7.8%.
Over this period, employment fell in Manufacturing and Retail Trade
but these are still among the largest employing industries. Agriculture,
Forestry and Fishing and Wholesale Trade also experienced significant
employment losses.
It has the most regionally dispersed workforce in Australia, with 56%
of its workers employed outside Hobart. Two of the three regional
areas, Northern and Mersey-Lyell, have significant shares of the
state’s employment, but Southern has relatively few workers.
Employment by Industry, Tasmania
Tasmania has the oldest workforce of any state or territory, with the
highest proportion of workers aged 45 years or older (this is
particularly notable in regional areas). Compared with the national
averages, Tasmanian workers are more likely to be female, and work
part-time.
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Tasmania has a higher proportion of workers who do not hold
post-school qualifications than the national average (41% compared
with 37%). Workers in regional areas are less likely to have completed
post-school education or training than those in Hobart, and relatively
few of those who have studied after they have left school hold a
bachelor degree or higher qualification.
Employment Share by Region, Tasmania (% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Industries
‘000
%
‘000
%
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
16.7
7.0
10.4
4.9
17.4
21.8
4.3
6.1
35.1
3.7
19.3
4.6
7.5
12.3
17.7
3.1
23.1
11.2
5.2
7.1
3.0
4.5
2.1
7.4
9.3
1.9
2.6
15.0
1.6
8.2
2.0
3.2
5.2
7.6
1.3
9.9
4.8
2.2
-0.8
0.9
-4.4
0.0
0.8
2.1
1.3
-0.4
6.9
0.0
-5.9
2.3
-0.4
2.7
2.1
-0.1
-4.4
0.7
-1.6
-4.7
15.6
-29.5
-0.6
4.9
10.9
42.4
-5.7
24.7
0.7
-23.4
98.2
-5.1
27.7
13.1
-2.0
-16.0
7.0
-23.2
Population and Employment by Region, Tasmania
Population
Population
Aug 2011
Region
Hobart
Southern
Northern
Mersey-Lyell
Tasmania
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Employment Profile
1 year change to
Nov 2012
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher VET
qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
211.7
35.8
137.6
109.1
495.4
102.6
15.5
67.6
47.5
233.6
-1.0
-0.1
-0.7
-2.0
-2.3
-1.0
-0.7
-1.0
-4.1
-1.0
38
41
38
36
38
43
51
45
45
44
26
15
18
12
20
30
32
32
35
32
38
44
43
45
41
11
JOBS BY LOCATION
NORTHERN TERRITORY
Employment
Employment Nov 2012
AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY
This territory
Australia
126,200
11,535,200
13.3%
7.8%
Employment Profile
Employment
Employment Nov 2012
This territory
Australia
208,900
11,535,200
7.7%
7.8%
Employment Profile
Working part-time
23%
32%
Working part-time
28%
32%
Female
46%
46%
Female
48%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
15%
Aged 15 to 24 years
17%
15%
37%
40%
36%
40%
With a bachelor degree or higher qual
22%
26%
41%
26%
With a cert III or higher VET qual
32%
30%
23%
30%
Without a post-school qual
39%
37%
31%
37%
The Northern Territory (NT) has Australia’s smallest
labour market, with employment of 126,200 or 1.1%
of the national total.
Employment in the Australian Capital Territory
(ACT) numbers 208,900 or 1.8% of national
employment.
Over the five years to November 2012 employment
increased strongly, up by 14,900 or 13.3%, in part
reflecting activity in the resources sector.
The workforce is highly skilled, with a high
proportion of workers holding a bachelor
degree or higher qualification (although a
relatively small proportion holds a
certificate III or higher vocational education
and training qualification).
The workforce profile is slightly younger than the
national average and workers are much more likely
to be employed full-time. A relatively low proportion holds a bachelor
degree or higher qualification but a slightly higher proportion holds
certificate III or higher vocational education and training
qualifications than the national averages.
The largest employing industries are Public Administration and
Safety, Health Care and Social Assistance, Construction and
Education and Training. Over the five years to November 2012, the
largest numbers of new jobs were in Construction, Education and
Training and Health Care and Social Assistance. Mining employs
slightly more than 5,000 people in the NT but employment
increased by a robust 74.3% over this period.
Employment by Industry, Northern Territory
Employment is dominated by Public
Administration and Safety which has 64,800 workers or 31.0% of
ACT employment. A relatively low proportion of ACT workers is
employed in Manufacturing (1.2% compared with 8.4% nationally)
and Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (0.6% compared with 2.8%).
Over the five years to November 2012, employment grew at a similar
rate to the national average, adding 15,000. The largest number of
new jobs was in Public Administration and Safety (5,300 or 9.0%)
although its growth rate was well below that of the smaller Health
Care and Social Assistance sector (up by 24.3% or 3,900).
Employment by Industry, Australian Capital Territory
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
% of
total
Employment
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Industries
‘000
%
‘000
%
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
7.6
4.6
2.1
3.3
13.4
11.9
2.3
1.3
15.1
2.1
4.1
5.2
6.0
6.6
18.8
3.0
10.4
6.4
3.8
6.0
3.6
1.7
2.6
10.6
9.5
1.9
1.0
11.9
1.7
3.3
4.2
4.8
5.2
14.9
2.3
8.2
5.1
3.0
-3.4
1.6
-1.0
0.9
4.1
3.3
-1.4
3.2
-0.2
0.0
2.2
0.3
2.2
0.8
0.8
1.0
-0.2
-
-31.1
54.8
-31.6
38.5
43.7
38.8
-51.8
26.7
-7.1
-1.2
74.3
4.8
48.8
4.3
37.6
11.2
-3.5
-
Employ’t
Nov 2012
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Industries
‘000
%
‘000
%
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
10.9
4.8
1.2
4.0
12.3
19.8
2.7
3.6
20.0
2.7
2.5
0.1
7.1
22.7
64.8
3.9
17.0
6.0
2.4
5.2
2.3
0.6
1.9
5.9
9.5
1.3
1.7
9.6
1.3
1.2
0.1
3.4
10.9
31.0
1.8
8.2
2.9
1.1
-0.4
1.3
-0.3
-1.8
3.8
-0.7
3.9
-2.3
-0.5
0.0
0.7
1.3
5.3
0.8
1.2
0.6
-0.8
-3.9
37.8
-6.4
-12.7
23.7
-15.9
24.3
-45.9
-17.2
0.0
10.3
5.9
9.0
27.2
7.7
10.9
-25.1
Page sources: ABS Labour Force (territory-level data are trend, regional data are 12 month averages); ABS Census, 2011. For trend data, totals do not add.
12
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
There are 19 broad industries. The five largest employing industries
(which together account for almost half of all Australian workers) are
• Health Care and Social Assistance (1.37 million or more than
1 in every 8 Australian workers)
• Retail Trade (1.2 million or one in 10 workers)
• Construction (995,300)
• Manufacturing (967,100)
• Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (913,800).
Employment Share by Industry (% of total)
Health Care and
Social Assistance
11.9%
Other Industries
26.9%
The smallest employing industry (with a workforce one tenth the size
of Health Care and Social Assistance) is Electricity, Gas, Water and
Waste Services.
Retail Trade
10.6%
Construction
8.6%
Transport, Postal
and Warehousing
5.1%
Industry employment profiles vary greatly in terms of age, location,
gender and educational attainment.
Public Administration
and Safety
6.0%
Accommodation
and Food Services
6.8%
In Construction, 87% of workers are men but in Health Care and
Social Assistance 79% of workers are female.
The workforce in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing is relatively old
(59% of workers are aged 45 years or older) but in Accommodation
and Food Services workers are relatively young (24% are 45 years or
older and 41% are aged 15 to 24 years).
Manufacturing
8.4%
Education
and Training
7.8%
Professional,
Scientific and
Technical Services
7.9%
Industry profile of regional Australia
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing has the highest proportion of its
employment in regional areas (88%), followed by Mining (59%). The
five industries with the largest numbers of jobs in regional Australia,
though, are
• Health Care and Social Assistance (around 516,200)
• Retail Trade (469,300)
• Construction (398.500)
• Manufacturing (333,500)
• Education and Training (326,200).
Part-time work is most common in Accommodation and Food
Services (59% of its workforce is employed part-time), while workers
employed in Mining are the most likely to work full-time (just
7% work part-time hours).
It is also interesting to note that there are inter-relationships between
industries. Jobs in sectors like Transport, Postal and Warehousing
and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services may be created
through activity in other industries, such as Agriculture, Forestry and
Fishing, Mining and Manufacturing. For example, if agricultural
production rises, there is more demand for transport services to get
the products to market.
Employment by Industry
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Industry
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
All Industries
Employment Profile
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or older
Outside state
capital cities
Projected employ’t
5 year change to
Nov 2017
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
‘000
%
786.2
397.1
322.5
217.9
995.3
897.5
149.1
421.4
1369.9
229.1
967.1
269.7
451.3
913.8
687.3
197.7
1220.5
583.5
423.6
11,535.2
81.7
45.7
-26.4
17.8
31.5
108.2
38.3
16.6
270.5
-4.9
-92.0
130.9
-20.6
128.9
52.8
-1.8
-20.0
33.5
35.5
838.5
11.6
13.0
-7.6
8.9
3.3
13.7
34.6
4.1
24.6
-2.1
-8.7
94.3
-4.4
16.4
8.3
-0.9
-1.6
6.1
9.1
7.8
59
43
26
48
19
42
12
20
47
23
16
7
32
25
19
27
50
22
19
32
56
51
30
47
13
70
24
52
79
41
26
18
44
44
46
51
58
23
34
46
24
40
59
32
35
50
43
32
48
32
43
35
38
37
44
42
31
50
42
40
38
33
88
33
40
37
44
18
38
21
35
59
38
21
43
33
39
33
28
37
66.8
26.1
-13.5
21.8
100.2
64.5
3.3
16.1
177.8
9.6
14.2
11.5
38.5
62.8
43.2
11.1
109.1
41.6
15.5
820.1
8.5
6.6
-4.2
10.0
10.1
7.2
2.2
3.8
13.0
4.2
1.5
4.3
8.5
6.9
6.3
5.6
8.9
7.1
3.7
7.1
Page sources: ABS Labour Force (trend and 4 quarter averages); ABS Census 2011; DEEWR Employment Projections. For trend data, totals do not add.
For more information see www.skillsinfo.gov.au
13
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Which industries have grown?
Which industries had declining
employment?
Over the five years to November 2012, around 838,500 new jobs
were created. More than 100,000 new jobs were created in each of
• Health Care and Social Assistance
• Mining
• Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
• Education and Training.
Interestingly, although Mining experienced the largest percentage
rise in employment over the five years to November 2012 (94.3%),
and had the second largest number of new jobs (130,900), it directly
accounts for just 2.3% of national employment.
Employment Growth, 5 years to November 2012,
Top 10 Industries (‘000)
270.5
Mining
130.9
128.9
How are industries distributed across
Australia?
81.7
52.8
While each state has some jobs in every industry, there are some
marked differences in the distribution of each industry’s employment
across the states and territories.
45.7
38.3
Wholesale Trade
35.5
33.5
0
50
Despite the fall in employment in Manufacturing, there are still more
people employed in this industry than there are in the Information
Media and Telecommunications; Arts and Recreation Services;
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services and Electricity, Gas, Water
and Waste Services industries combined.
Not all subdivisions of Manufacturing lost jobs, there were gains
in 3 of the 15 (see page 20).
108.2
Employment fell in six industries over the five years to November 2012.
These were
• Manufacturing (down by 92,000)
• Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (26,400)
• Other Services (20,600)
• Retail Trade (20,000)
• Information Media and Telecommunications (4,900)
• Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services (1,800).
100
150
200
250
300
For example, while only 1.8% of the Australian workforce is located in
the Australian Capital Territory, the territory has a higher share of Public
Administration and Safety employment (9.4%) and Western Australia
has 40.2% of Mining jobs although it has just 11.4% of all jobs.
Employment in Financial and Insurance Services and Information
Media and Telecommunications is concentrated in New South Wales
(particularly in Sydney). Manufacturing is concentrated in Victoria,
which has 30.0% of this industry’s jobs but 25.0% of all jobs.
Share of Industry’s Employment in each State and Territory
NSW
VIC
QLD
35.1
32.9
26.8
31.6
28.5
29.2
24.9
42.2
30.7
44.9
32.8
17.2
32.0
33.6
27.9
28.0
30.1
33.4
32.3
31.4
23.0
23.1
23.7
27.4
24.7
25.8
23.5
28.1
25.0
23.8
30.0
4.0
23.6
27.4
19.3
22.3
26.8
24.0
30.0
25.0
21.5
19.3
19.5
17.6
23.5
20.6
20.0
15.0
20.9
13.9
17.3
27.3
21.4
17.8
21.3
25.1
20.8
23.9
18.5
20.3
Industry
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
All Industries
SA
WA
TAS
NT
ACT
9.3
13.5
12.8
10.2
12.8
10.6
16.3
7.4
10.2
6.8
9.9
40.2
12.3
10.4
10.3
11.4
11.1
10.5
9.5
11.4
2.1
1.8
3.2
2.2
1.7
2.4
2.9
1.4
2.6
1.6
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.3
2.6
1.6
1.9
1.9
1.2
2.0
1.0
1.2
0.7
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.6
0.3
1.1
0.9
0.4
1.9
1.3
0.7
2.7
1.5
0.9
1.1
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.2
0.4
1.8
1.2
2.2
1.8
0.9
1.5
1.2
0.3
0.0
1.6
2.5
9.4
2.0
1.4
1.0
0.6
1.8
% of industry total
6.8
7.0
10.4
6.2
6.7
7.6
8.5
4.6
8.1
5.9
7.8
4.8
7.2
6.0
7.8
6.6
7.5
5.9
6.3
7.1
Page sources: ABS Labour Force (trend). For trend data, totals do not add.
14
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICES
Which industries will have the most new
jobs over the next five years?
Employment
All industries are projected to increase their employment
over the next five years, with the exception of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing where employment is expected to decline (down by
13,500 or 4.2%).
Over the five years to November 2017, Health Care and Social
Assistance is projected to make the largest contribution to
employment growth (increasing by 177,800), followed by Retail Trade
(109,100) and Construction (100,200). Together, these industries are
projected to provide nearly half of the new jobs.
In terms of percentage change, the industries projected to grow
most strongly are Health Care and Social Assistance (13.0%),
Construction (10.1%), Arts and Recreation Services (10.0%) and
Retail Trade (8.9%). The strong projected growth in the relatively
small Arts and Recreation Services industry is primarily driven by
the Sports and Physical Recreation Activities sector, which has
grown strongly in recent years.
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
59%
56%
41%
24%
38%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
11%
24%
58%
26%
30%
37%
106,900
80,600
78,500
75,500
70,500
115,800
118,400
86,400
511,000
83,500
Accommodation and Food Services has the youngest age profile
of any industry, with the lowest proportion of workers aged 45 years
or older and the highest proportion of workers aged 15 to 24 years.
Workers in this industry are also more likely to be employed
part-time than those in other industries, with many people
combining work with study.
Retail Trade
13.3%
Accommodation and Food Services provides good entry-level
opportunities to the labour market. Almost three in every five workers
do not hold post-school qualifications. Jobs are also available in almost
every location, with around 295,500 jobs outside state capital cities.
Professional, Scientific
and Technical Services
7.7%
Construction
12.2%
Occupation Profile
Accommodation and Food Services (% of industry total)
Source: DEEWR Employment Projections
Other
5.7%
Projected Employment Growth, Nov 2012 to Nov 2017
Top 10 Industries (‘000)
177.8
Retail Trade
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
Accommodation and Food Services represents 6.8% of Australia’s
workforce. The industry experienced strong growth (11.6%) over the
five years to November 2012, with 81,700 new jobs. Employment is
projected to increase by 66,800 (or 8.5%) over the next five years.
Transport, Postal
and Warehousing
5.1%
7.9%
Accommodation and
Food Services
8.1%
All industries
786,200
11.6%
8.5%
Employment Profile
Waiters
Kitchenhands
Bar Attendants and Baristas
Sales Assistants, General
Chefs
Health Care and
Social Assistance
21.7%
Public Administration
and Safety
5.3%
This industry
Top 5 Occupations
Share of Projected Employment Growth by Industry
Nov 2012 to Nov 2017 (% of total growth)
Other Industries
18.7%
Employment Nov 2012
5 year projected change to Nov 2017
Managers
18.6%
Labourers
21.1%
109.1
Construction
Technicians and
Trades Workers
13.2%
100.2
66.8
64.5
Sales Workers
12.5%
62.8
43.2
41.6
Other Services
Community and Personal
Service Workers
28.9%
38.5
26.1
0
50
100
150
200
Page sources: ABS Labour Force (trend and 4 quarter averages); ABS Census 2011; DEEWR Employment Projections.
For more information see skillsinfo.gov.au and lmip.gov.au
15
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICES AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING
Employment
Employment Nov 2012
This industry
All industries
397,100
13.0%
6.6%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
43%
51%
12%
40%
33%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
19%
28%
45%
26%
30%
37%
81,600
25,700
22,000
21,200
16,500
167,400
32,800
48,600
69,200
18,300
Employment Profile
Employment
Employment Nov 2012
This industry
All industries
322,500
-7.6%
-4.2%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
26%
30%
8%
59%
88%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
10%
24%
58%
26%
30%
37%
70,500
40,300
31,300
24,200
16,500
73,000
41,500
31,300
29,100
17,600
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Top 5 Occupations
Cleaners, Commercial
Cleaners, Domestic
Human Resource Professionals
Gardeners
Tourism and Travel Advisers
Administrative and Support Services has 3.4% of national
employment (397,100) with jobs concentrated in the state capital
cities. Over the five years to November 2012, employment grew
strongly (up by 13.0% or 45,700). Employment is projected to
increase at a slightly lower rate than the national average over the
next five years (up by 6.6% or 26,100).
Labourers make up a higher proportion of workers in Administrative
and Support Services than in any industry (41.1% compared with the
all industries average of 10.2%). Cleaners (Commercial, Domestic
and Other) make up more than one quarter of the workforce in
this industry.
Compared with the all industries average, workers in this industry
are more likely to be female and work part-time.
Workers in this industry are also less likely to have post-school
qualifications. Accordingly, the industry offers many entry-level
opportunities to the labour market.
About one in three jobs (around 133,600) is outside state
capital cities.
Occupation Profile
Administrative and Support Services (% of industry total)
Other
5.1%
Farmers, Livestock
Farmers, Crop
Farmers, Mixed Crop and Livestock
Farm Workers, Livestock
Farm Workers, Crop
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing employs 322,500 workers and
accounts for 2.8% of national employment. About 88% of jobs are
outside state capitals and in many regional areas it is a major
employer. There are around 293,000 jobs in this industry outside
state capital cities.
Employment is heavily concentrated in a relatively small number of
occupations. Farmers and Farm Managers account for more than
half of the workforce.
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing has the oldest age profile of any
industry, with almost three in five workers aged 45 years or older.
Many people in this industry continue working beyond the usual
retirement age. Females make up a relatively low proportion of the
workforce and few workers hold post-school qualifications.
Employment fell by 26,400 over the five years to November 2012.
This is the only industry expected to experience a decline in its
employment over the five years to November 2017, down by 13,500
(or 4.2%).
Occupation Profile
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (% of industry total)
Other
3.2%
Managers
10.2%
Professionals
11.9%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
8.4%
Labourers
41.1%
Community and
Personal Service Workers
7.9%
Clerical and
Administrative Workers
15.4%
Labourers
24.2%
Managers
54.6%
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
6.5%
Clerical and
6.7%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
4.8%
16
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
ARTS AND RECREATION SERVICES
Employment
Employment Nov 2012
CONSTRUCTION
This industry
All industries
217,900
8.9%
10.0%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
48%
47%
24%
32%
33%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
25%
26%
42%
26%
30%
37%
17,800
9,300
8,600
7,800
7,200
37,500
11,700
26,200
9,100
9,500
Employment Profile
Employment
This industry
All industries
995,300
3.3%
10.1%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
19%
13%
17%
35%
40%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
8%
51%
35%
26%
30%
37%
103,200
89,800
66,000
56,500
47,900
121,100
140,300
72,800
69,700
50,200
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Top 5 Occupations
Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials
Sportspersons
Fitness Instructors
Gaming Workers
Music Professionals
Arts and Recreation Services is a small employing industry with
217,900 workers, or 1.9% of national employment. It covers a
diverse range of activities including the operation of casinos,
museums, parks and gardens, creative and performing arts, and
professional and recreational sports. Employment is slightly more
concentrated in state capital cities than the national average, but
there are around 70,000 jobs in regional areas.
Over the five years to November 2012, employment growth was
above average and 17,800 new jobs were created. Employment is
projected to continue to increase relatively strongly, up by 21,800 (or
10.0%) over the five years to November 2017, driven by growth in
Sports and Recreation Activities.
Almost half the workers in this industry are employed part-time and
the workforce is relatively young (almost one in four workers is aged
15 to 24 years), so it presents good opportunities for entry to the
labour market.
More than two in five workers do not hold post-school qualifications,
but the proportion who hold a bachelor degree or higher
qualification is close to the national average.
Occupation Profile
Arts and Recreation Services (% of industry total)
Labourers
8.8%
Other
5.2%
Managers
12.2%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
11.5%
Carpenters and Joiners
Electricians
Plumbers
Managers, Construction
Painting Trades Workers
Construction is the third largest employing industry in Australia, with
8.6% of national employment. Over the five years to November 2012,
employment rose at a relatively low rate, reflecting in large part a
decline in employment over the year to November 2012 (down by
3.7% or 37,800). Despite this weak growth, there were 31,500 new
jobs created over the five years. This industry is expected to recover
over the next five years, with employment projected to increase
strongly, up by 100,200 (or 10.1%) to November 2017.
The Construction workforce is dominated by Technicians and
Trades Workers. Consistent with this, more than half the workers
hold vocational education and training qualifications at the
certificate III or higher level.
Construction has the lowest proportion of females of any industry.
The workforce is younger than the all industries average, and
workers are predominantly employed full-time.
This industry has a slightly higher proportion of its workforce outside
state capital cities than the national average, offering around
398,500 jobs in regional areas.
Occupation Profile
Construction (% of industry total)
Other
4.7%
Managers
9.3%
Labourers
16.1%
Professionals
22.1%
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
7.8%
Clerical and
10.3%
Community and
28.0%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
12.2%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
51.8%
17
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Employment
This industry
All industries
897,500
13.7%
7.2%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
42%
70%
8%
50%
37%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
60%
20%
16%
26%
30%
37%
154,000
149,600
81,000
46,200
30,500
155,200
150,500
85,500
47,400
35,900
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Teachers, Primary School
Teachers, Secondary School
Education Aides
University Lecturers and Tutors
Teachers, Vocational Education
Education and Training is a relatively large industry, with almost
900,000 workers, or 7.8% of national employment. It experienced
strong growth over the five years to November 2012, equating to
108,200 new jobs.
Over the five years to November 2017, employment is projected to
increase at a rate similar to the national average, with 64,500 new
jobs expected.
This industry’s workforce is female dominated (70% of workers
are female), and part-time work is common.
This industry also has a relatively older workforce, which suggests
there is likely to be relatively high replacement demand in the next
decade as workers retire.
Education and Training employs the largest proportion of
Professionals of any industry (61.8% compared with the all industries
average of 22.3%), mainly Teachers. Reflecting this, the industry also
has the highest proportion of workers with a bachelor degree or
higher qualification.
Occupation Profile
Education and Training (% of industry total)
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
10.5%
Other
6.0%
ELECTRICITY, GAS, WATER
AND WASTE SERVICES
Employment
This industry
All industries
149,100
34.6%
2.2%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
12%
24%
8%
43%
44%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
24%
41%
30%
26%
30%
37%
10,900
10,000
9,600
5,500
5,300
140,300
184,400
13,300
104,000
25,100
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Electricians
Drivers, Truck
Electrical Distribution Trades Workers
Contract, Program and Project Administrators
Engineers, Electrical
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services is Australia’s smallest
employing industry, with slightly less than 150,000 employed, or
1.3% of national employment. There were 38,300 new jobs created
over the five years to November 2012, the result of very strong
growth. This industry has a slightly larger proportion of its workforce
outside state capital cities than the national average, providing
around 66,300 regional jobs.
Following past strong growth, employment rises over the five years
to November 2017 are projected to be more moderate, up by 3,300
or 2.2%.
Almost all workers in this industry are employed full-time (around
one in ten workers is employed part-time) and the workforce is male
dominated (three in four workers are male).
Workers in this industry are relatively skilled, with a large proportion
holding a certificate III or higher vocational qualification.
Occupation Profile
(% of industry total)
Other
Labourers 3.1%
6.6%
Managers
6.8%
Managers
11.7%
Machinery
Operators and
Drivers
12.9%
Community
and Personal
Service Workers
14.9%
Professionals
21.1%
Professionals
61.8%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
21.0%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
23.6%
18
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE SERVICES
Employment
This industry
All industries
421,400
4.1%
3.8%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
20%
52%
9%
32%
18%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
40%
23%
31%
26%
30%
37%
56,100
37,600
27,200
23,800
21,600
58,000
43,900
32,800
26,400
26,000
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
Employment
This industry
All industries
1,369,900
24.6%
13.0%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
47%
79%
9%
48%
38%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
40%
29%
22%
26%
30%
37%
232,400
104,100
92,200
83,800
76,600
241,300
113,000
119,500
190,000
78,200
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Top 5 Occupations
Bank Workers
Financial Investment Advisers and Managers
Clerks, Insurance, Money Market and Statistical
Credit and Loan Officers
Financial Brokers
Nurses, Registered
Carers, Aged and Disabled
Carers, Child
Receptionists
Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers
Financial and Insurance Services is a relatively small employing
industry with 421,400 workers, representing 3.7% of national
employment. Over the five years to November 2012, employment
rose by 16,600 (or 4.1%). A similar number of new jobs are projected
to be created over the five years to November 2017 (16,100 or 3.8%).
Health Care and Social Assistance has experienced strong growth
over the past decade and is Australia’s largest employing industry,
with almost 1.4 million workers, or 11.9% of national employment.
It is also the largest employer in regional Australia, with more than
half a million jobs outside state capitals.
Employment is highly concentrated in state capital cities, particularly
in Sydney and Melbourne where many financial institutions have
their head offices.
Over the five years to November 2017, employment is expected
to continue to increase strongly, up by 13.0% (or 177,800).
This represents more than one fifth of the total number of new jobs.
The industry’s workforce is female dominated (most of the largest
occupations have relatively small proportions of males employed).
It also has a slightly higher proportion of older workers than the
average across all industries.
The higher education sector plays an important role in the provision
of skills, with two in every five workers holding a bachelor degree or
Clerical and Administrative Workers and Professionals dominate this
workforce, accounting for around four in every five workers. This is
markedly higher than their share of total national employment (37%
or slightly more than one in three workers).
Occupation Profile
Financial and Insurance Services (% of industry total)
Other
5.5%
Managers
15.3%
Workers in the Health Care and Social Assistance industry are
generally highly skilled. Most workers hold post-school qualifications,
reflecting the requirements for entry to most of the occupations
which are key to the sector. A high proportion of workers are
Professionals (almost twice the average for all industries).
Occupation Profile
Health Care and Social Assistance (% of industry total)
Other
Labourers 4.6%
5.2%
Managers
4.8%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
14.4%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
44.7%
Professionals
40.6%
Professionals
34.5%
Community and
30.4%
19
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
INFORMATION MEDIA AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Employment
Employment Nov 2012
MANUFACTURING
Employment
This industry
All industries
229,100
-2.1%
4.2%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
23%
41%
14%
32%
21%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
37%
25%
32%
26%
30%
37%
17,700
14,500
10,500
8,700
7,800
29,800
21,800
16,000
12,500
124,100
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Journalists and Other Writers
Telecommunications Trades Workers
Directors, Artistic Media Producers and Presenters
Engineers, Telecommunications
Managers, Advertising and Sales
Information Media and Telecommunications is a diverse industry
including newspaper and internet publishing, radio and broadcasting.
It is also a small employing industry with 229,100 jobs, or 2.0% of
national employment. New South Wales has a relatively high
concentration of this industry’s jobs (44.9%) and relatively few
jobs are located outside the state capital cities.
Employment fell by 4,900 over the five years to November 2012,
but some jobs growth is projected over the five years to November
2017, a rise of 9,600 (or 4.2%).
Two in five workers in this industry are Professionals (almost twice
the national average). Reflecting this, workers in this sector are likely
to hold post-school qualifications, in particular a bachelor degree or
Workers in Information Media and Telecommunications are more
likely to be young males who are employed full-time than the all
industries average.
Occupation Profile
Sales Workers
9.3%
Other
4.2%
Managers
15.4%
All industries
967,100
-8.7%
1.5%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
16%
26%
12%
43%
35%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
14%
36%
43%
26%
30%
37%
53,600
40,000
38,000
35,700
26,600
86,500
57,500
118,500
72,600
30,000
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers
Managers, Production
Metal Fitters and Machinists
Packers
Factory Workers, Food and Drink
Slightly more than a decade ago, Manufacturing was Australia’s
largest employing industry, now it is fourth. Over the five years to
November 2012, employment fell by 92,000 or 8.7%, but it is still a
large employer of Australian workers, with 8.4% of total employment.
There are marked variations across subdivisions of Manufacturing,
though, with employment rising in 3 of the 15 subdivisions.
The largest increases were in Primary Metal and Metal Product
Manufacturing and Petroleum and Coal Product Manufacturing.
Together these subdivisions added 6,500 jobs.
A relatively high proportion of the workforce is male, and most
employment is full-time (with only 16% of those employed in this
industry working part-time).
Despite the long-term decline in the Manufacturing workforce,
slight employment growth is expected over the five years to
November 2017, a rise of 14,200 or 1.5%. Employment in
9 subdivisions is, though, projected to fall, consistent with
long-term structural changes in Australia’s labour market.
Occupation Profile
Manufacturing (% of industry total)
Other
5.7%
Managers
13.7%
Professionals
9.3%
Machinery
Operators
and Drivers
13.6%
Professionals
40.0%
This industry
Employment Profile
Labourers
19.4%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
16.3%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
14.8%
Employment Nov 2012
Technicians and
Trades Workers
27.9%
Clerical and
10.4%
20
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
MINING
OTHER SERVICES
Employment
This industry
All industries
269,700
94.3%
4.3%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
7%
18%
9%
35%
59%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
22%
40%
33%
26%
30%
37%
41,800
25,600
18,100
13,100
8,600
48,000
118,500
184,400
24,700
140,300
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
Employment
This industry
All industries
451,300
-4.4%
8.5%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
32%
44%
18%
38%
38%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
13%
52%
30%
26%
30%
37%
65,800
49,700
21,200
17,000
15,300
66,100
83,800
118,500
18,200
17,700
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Top 5 Occupations
Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers
Drivers, Truck
Technicians, Other Building and Engineering
Electricians
Mining is a small employing industry, with 269,700 jobs or 2.3%
of national employment. Over the five years to November 2012 this
industry recorded strong employment growth and contributed
the second largest number of new jobs (130,900) of any industry.
Over the five years to November 2017, employment growth is
expected to be more moderate, up by 11,500 (or 4.3%).
Western Australia (40.2%) and Queensland (27.3%) have high
concentrations of Mining employment. The industry is a significant
employer in some regional areas, with around 157,500 workers,
or 59% of its workforce, employed outside state capital cities.
Most workers in Mining are male and are employed full-time. In fact,
this industry’s workforce has a high proportion of men, and the
lowest proportion of part-time jobs of any industry.
The workforce is relatively skilled, with two in five workers holding
a certificate III or higher vocational qualification, compared with
30% across all industries.
Other Services, which has employment of 451,300 and accounts
for 3.9% of the national total, is a diverse industry which includes
personal care, funeral and religious services, and machinery and
automotive repair and maintenance activities. This diversity is
highlighted by the range of the occupations employed.
Employment fell by 20,600, or 4.4% over the five years to November
2012, but above average employment growth is expected over the
five years to November 2017 with a rise of 38,500 (or 8.5%). The new
jobs are projected to be relatively evenly split between the two largest
subdivisions of Repair and Maintenance, and Personal and
Other Services.
A relatively high proportion of the workforce holds post-school
qualifications, although the proportion holding a bachelor degree or
higher qualification is low. Nearly half of the workers in this industry
are Technicians and Trades Workers and, consistent with this, more
than half hold a certificate III or higher vocational education and
training qualification.
The workforce is slightly younger than the all industries average,
but other aspects of the workforce profile are similar to those of the
total workforce.
Occupation Profile
Mining (% of industry total)
Labourers Other Managers
5.5% 0.3%
9.3%
Occupation Profile
Other Services (% of industry total)
Professionals
17.4%
Machinery
Operators
and Drivers
32.8%
Clerical and
8.3%
Hairdressers
Motor Mechanics
Beauty Therapists
Ministers of Religion
Labourers
9.4%
Other Managers
3.2%
6.9%
Professionals
8.0%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
11.5%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
26.4%
Community and
Personal Service
Workers
12.0%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
49.0%
21
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND
TECHNICAL SERVICES
Employment
Employment Nov 2012
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SAFETY
Employment
This industry
All industries
913,800
16.4%
6.9%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
25%
44%
10%
37%
21%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
55%
20%
20%
26%
30%
37%
80,500
54,000
41,800
30,800
27,000
169,700
69,700
80,500
50,600
59,300
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Accountants
Solicitors
Software and Applications Programmers
Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators
Management and Organisation Analysts
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services includes a diverse
range of activities, such as legal and accounting services, veterinary
services and computer system design. It has 913,800 workers or
7.9% of national employment. This industry experienced strong
growth over the five years to November 2012 (up by 128,900 or
16.4%). Employment is relatively concentrated in the state capital
cities, but it provides around 194,200 jobs in regional areas.
With the strong employment growth recorded in recent years
partially linked to strong Mining activity (which is expected to
moderate), lower growth is projected over the five years to
November 2017, 6.9% or 62,800.
This industry has a highly skilled workforce. Four in five workers
hold post-school qualifications and more than half hold a bachelor
degree or higher qualification. Consistent with this profile, more than
half its jobs are for Professionals.
Occupation Profile
Other
3.4%
This industry
All industries
687,300
8.3%
6.3%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
19%
46%
8%
44%
43%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
35%
30%
29%
26%
30%
37%
59,100
49,400
35,800
28,200
22,600
59,700
216,100
50,200
104,000
30,500
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Police
Clerks, General
Security Officers and Guards
Inspectors and Regulatory Officers
This industry includes government administration, and services that
maintain or enforce public order and regulations.
Public Administration and Safety employs 687,300 Australians or 6.0%
of the workforce. Over the five years to November 2012, employment
rose by 52,800 or 8.3%. Slightly lower growth is projected over the
five years to November 2017 (up by 43,200 or 6.3%).
More than 300,000 people are employed in this industry outside
state capital cities, and in the ACT, which is the location of most of
the Australian Government’s administration, this industry accounts
for almost one in three jobs.
The workforce is highly skilled, with a relatively high proportion
of workers holding post-school qualifications, particularly at the
bachelor degree or higher level.
This industry has a slightly older workforce, with a higher proportion
of workers aged 45 or older but a lower proportion of workers aged
15 to 24, than the national average.
Occupation Profile
Public Administration and Safety (% of industry total)
Other
Labourers 2.4%
5.5%
Managers
10.9%
Managers
11.0%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
19.2%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
30.1%
Professionals
25.1%
Technicians
and Trades
Workers
10.4%
Professionals
56.1%
Community and
20.1%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
5.8%
22
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
RENTAL, HIRING AND REAL
ESTATE SERVICES
Employment
Employment Nov 2012
RETAIL TRADE
Employment
This industry
All industries
197,700
-0.9%
5.6%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
27%
51%
14%
42%
33%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
19%
32%
37%
26%
30%
37%
69,900
9,800
9,300
8,300
6,700
77,400
72,100
12,700
190,000
216,100
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Real Estate Sales Agents
Managers, Other Hospitality, Retail and Services
Economists, Land and Valuers
Receptionists
Clerks, General
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services is a small employing industry
of 197,700 workers or 1.7% of national employment. Over the five years
to November 2012, employment fell slightly (down by 1,800 or 0.9%).
There is, though, expected to be some employment gain over the
five years to November 2017, a rise of 11,100 (or 5.6%). A slightly
below average proportion of employment in this industry is in regional
areas, but the industry provides around 69,700 jobs outside state
capital cities.
This workforce has a slightly higher proportion of females than the
national average, and workers are more likely to be employed
full-time. The workforce also has a slightly older age profile than the
all industries average, with 42% of workers aged 45 years or older.
The proportion of workers who hold a post-school qualification is
similar to the all industries average, but a lower proportion holds a
bachelor degree or higher qualification.
Occupation Profile
Labourers
6.3%
Other
4.0%
Employment Nov 2012
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
50%
58%
31%
31%
39%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
12%
21%
59%
26%
30%
37%
377,100
160,800
114,400
63,400
30,100
511,000
227,000
135,900
67,200
30,900
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Managers, Retail
Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers
Shelf Fillers
Sales Assistants, Pharmacy
Retail Trade is Australia’s second largest employing industry,
with more than 1.2 million workers, or around one in ten working
Australians. Jobs in this sector are in almost every location, with a
slightly higher proportion being outside state capital cities than the
all industries average.
Over the five years to November 2012, employment fell by around
20,000 or 1.6%, but some subsectors increased their employment.
The strongest was Non-Store Retailing (up by 7,400 or 102.2%),
likely driven by online sales.
Retail Trade is expected to rebound, though, with strong
employment growth projected over the five years to November 2017,
a rise of 109,100 or 8.9%.
Half the jobs in this sector are for Sales Workers and the industry
provides an ideal entry point to the labour market, offering many
jobs which do not require post-school qualifications (almost two in
three workers do not hold qualifications). There are also good
opportunities for part-time work (around half the workers are
employed part-time).
Labourers
8.5%
Other
3.5%
Professionals
10.0%
Clerical and
19.8%
Managers
17.3%
Professionals
4.6%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
6.1%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
4.6%
All industries
1,220,500
-1.6%
8.9%
Occupation Profile
Retail Trade (% of industry total)
Managers
13.8%
Sales Workers
41.5%
This industry
Clerical and
7.2%
Sales Workers
52.8%
23
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT, POSTAL AND
WAREHOUSING
Employment
WHOLESALE TRADE
Employment
This industry
All industries
583,500
6.1%
7.1%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
22%
23%
7%
50%
33%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
12%
29%
51%
26%
30%
37%
101,800
35,200
35,200
34,300
30,900
184,400
36,600
38,500
39,300
120,600
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Drivers, Truck
Drivers, Automotive
Drivers, Bus and Coach
Couriers and Postal Deliverers
Storepersons
Transport, Postal and Warehousing employs 583,500 Australians
and accounts for 5.1% of national employment. One in three jobs,
or about 184,800, is in a regional location.
Over the five years to November 2012, employment rose by 33,500,
or 6.1%. Employment is projected to increase by 41,600 or 7.1% over
the five years to November 2017. A large proportion of this growth is
expected to be in the Road Transport and Rail Transport subdivisions.
Postal and Courier Pick-Up and Delivery Services is also projected to
grow, perhaps benefiting from the increase in online shopping.
This workforce has a relatively low skill profile. More than half the
workers do not hold post-school qualifications, and few hold a bachelor
degree or higher qualification compared with the national average.
The largest occupational group is Machinery Operators and Drivers
(more than two in five workers), well above the national average (of
about one in 15).
The workforce has an older profile than the all industries average.
It has the lowest proportion of workers aged 15 to 24 years and one
of the highest proportions aged 45 or older of any industry.
Occupation Profile
Transport, Postal and Warehousing (% of industry total)
Other
12.2%
Labourers
6.0%
Managers
8.8%
Professionals
6.4%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
22.0%
This industry
All industries
423,600
9.1%
3.7%
11,535,200
7.8%
7.1%
19%
34%
10%
42%
28%
32%
46%
15%
40%
37%
19%
28%
46%
26%
30%
37%
32,100
29,600
21,000
19,800
16,500
98,000
120,600
124,100
81,600
20,600
Employment Nov 2012
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Sales Representatives
Storepersons
Clerks, Purchasing and Supply Logistics
Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers
Wholesale Trade is a relatively small industry, with 423,600 workers
or 3.7% of the Australian workforce. Over the five years to
November 2012, employment increased strongly (up by 9.1%) and
35,500 new jobs were created. Future growth is projected to be
more moderate, rising by 3.7% or 15,500 over the five years to
November 2017.
The industry’s employment is concentrated in state capital cities,
with 28% of jobs in regional locations. This represents, though,
around 115,400 workers.
A relatively high proportion of the workforce is male and most
workers are employed full-time.
A large proportion of workers do not hold post-school qualifications,
and a relatively low proportion of the workforce is employed in
skilled occupations. About half the jobs are Clerical and
Administrative Workers, Sales Workers or Machinery Operators and
Drivers. These are likely to provide good entry level opportunities to
the labour market. It is interesting to note, though, that Wholesale
Trade has relatively few of its workers aged 15 to 24 years compared
with the all industries average.
Occupation Profile
Wholesale Trade (% of industry total)
Other
7.1%
Managers
21.2%
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
15.0%
Professionals
12.9%
Sales Workers
16.2%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
7.1%
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
44.6%
Clerical and
20.5%
24
JOBS BY OCCUPATION AND SKILL LEVEL
OCCUPATIONAL OVERVIEW
The previous pages examined the labour market by industry. It is
also useful to look at the occupational dimension. An occupation
is a set of jobs which involve the performance of a common set of
tasks at a similar level of skill.
Which occupations have grown?
Over the five years to November 2012, the largest number of new
jobs was for Professionals (370,800 or a rise of 16.9%). Two of every
five new jobs created were for Professionals.
The largest occupational group in Australia is Professionals, which
includes occupations that generally require a bachelor degree or
higher qualification, such as Engineers, Solicitors, Teachers, Social
Workers and Physiotherapists. Around one in five Australian workers
is employed as a Professional.
In percentage terms, employment growth was strongest for
Community and Personal Service Workers (up by 20.9% or
189,500). This reflects, in part, the strong growth in the Health Care
and Social Assistance industry.
The next two largest occupational groups each account for
14.7% of national employment. They are
• Technicians and Trades Workers, which includes occupations
like Agricultural Technicians, Motor Mechanics, ICT Support
Technicians and Plumbers.
• Clerical and Administrative Workers, which covers occupations
such as Receptionists, Mail Sorters, Personal Assistants, and
Couriers and Postal Deliverers.
Employment Growth, 5 years to November 2012,
Occupational Group (‘000)
Professionals
Community and Personal Service Workers
67.2
Managers
59.4
Technicians and Trades Workers
55.6
Clerical and Administrative Workers
45.0
Machinery Operators and Drivers
38.5
Labourers
11.4
0
50
100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Employment Share by Occupational Group (% of total)
The five specific occupations which recorded the largest numbers of
new jobs over the five years to November 2012 were
• Clerks, General (up by 74,900)
• Nurses, Registered (58,700)
• Sales Assistants, General (35,900)
• Clerks, Accounting (35,200)
• Carers, Aged and Disabled (32,700).
Managers
12.5%
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
6.6%
Sales Workers
9.4%
189.5
Sales Workers
In terms of specific occupations, 24 of the around 350 included in
the Occupation Matrix (from page 35) employ more than 100,000
people. The largest five are
• Sales Assistants, General (511,000)
• Nurses, Registered (241,300)
• Managers, Retail (227,000)
• Clerks, General (216,100)
• Receptionists (190,000).
Labourers
10.2%
370.8
Professionals
22.3%
Clerical and
14.7%
Community and
9.5%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
14.7%
Employment by Occupational Group
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Occupational Group
Managers
Professionals
Sales Workers
Labourers
All Occupations
Employment Profile
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or older
Outside state
capital cities
Projected employ’t
5 year change
to Nov 2017
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
‘000
%
1437.5
2569.8
1697.7
1092.3
1690.7
1079.7
766.8
1174.8
11,535.2
59.4
370.8
55.6
189.5
45.0
67.2
38.5
11.4
838.5
4.3
16.9
3.4
21.0
2.7
6.6
5.3
1.0
7.8
14
28
18
56
37
56
18
47
32
35
53
15
69
76
62
10
35
46
50
40
34
35
44
29
48
40
40
40
29
41
38
33
37
45
46
37
79.8
247.4
85.4
121.0
92.7
90.4
53.6
49.8
820.1
5.6
9.6
5.0
11.1
5.5
8.4
7.0
4.2
7.1
Page sources: ABS Labour Force; ABS Census; DEEWR Employment Projections. For trend data, totals do not add.
25
OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK
Which occupational groups will have the
most new jobs?
Which occupations are growing?
About 820,000 new jobs are expected to be created in the
Australian labour market over the five years to November 2017,
with employment growth expected in each of the eight major
occupational groups.
The largest number of new jobs is expected to be for
• Professionals (up by 247,400 or almost three in every ten new jobs).
The numbers of new jobs projected for the less skilled occupational
groups are significantly lower
• Machinery Operators and Drivers (53,600 or one in 15 new jobs)
• Labourers (49,800 or one in 16).
Consistent with the very strong growth expected in the Health Care
and Social Assistance industry, employment growth for Community
and Personal Service Workers is projected to be strong, rising by
11.1% and adding 121,000 jobs.
Share of Projected Employment Growth by Occupational
Group, Nov 2012 to Nov 2017 (% of total growth)
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
6.5%
Labourers
6.1%
Managers
9.7%
Professionals
30.2%
Clerical and
11.3%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
10.4%
Projected Employment Growth by Occupational Group,
Nov 2012 to Nov 2017 (‘000)
Professionals
247.4
121.0
92.7
Sales Workers
90.4
85.4
Managers
79.8
53.6
Labourers
49.8
0
50
100
150
200
It is worth noting, though, that job opportunities arise even in
occupations where employment is falling, as many job openings are
created as people change jobs or retire.
The largest numbers of new jobs are projected to be for
• Sales Assistants and Salespersons (up by 57,300), particularly
• Carers and Aides (57,200), mainly Carers, Aged and Disabled
• Education Professionals (45,500), mainly Teachers, Primary
School and Teachers, Secondary School
• Business, Finance and Human Resource Professionals (41,300),
where half the growth is for Accountants
• Construction Trades (34,700), mainly Carpenters and Joiners.
The strongest projected employment growth to November 2017
is for
• Information Professionals (up by 16.0%), although employment of
Librarians is expected to fall
• Health Diagnostic and Therapy Professionals (14.2%), due to
strong growth for a number of occupations, including Dietitians
and Physiotherapists
• Carers and Aides (13.6%), mainly Care Workers, Special, and
Carers, Aged and Disabled and Dental Assistants
• Health and Welfare Support Workers (13.4%), with strong growth
for a number of occupations, including Ambulance Officers and
Paramedics, and Massage Therapists
• Corporate Managers (12.4%), especially for Managers, Corporate
Services and Managers, Advertising and Sales.
Sales Workers
11.0%
Community and
14.8%
Expectations about the change in the number of people employed
in each occupation over the five years to November 2017 vary
greatly. Some occupations are projected to grow strongly, and
others are likely to decline. For large occupations, relatively low
growth can create many jobs while strong growth for small
occupations is unlikely to add large numbers.
• Employment growth is anticipated in the majority of occupations,
but one in five is projected to lose jobs.
250
Employment is expected to fall in the following occupational clusters
over the five years to November 2017
• Farmers and Farm Managers (down by 12,100 or 7.4%), mainly
due to a fall for Farmers, Mixed Crop and Livestock
• Factory Process Workers (4,300 or 2.0%), in large part due to
a projected fall for Process Workers, Timber and Wood
• Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers (2,000 or 1.9%), mostly for
Farm Workers, Crop
• Jewellers, Arts and Other Trades Workers (600 or 1.1%), mainly
Plant Operators, Chemical, Gas, Petroleum and Power and
Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians
• Hairdressers, Printing, Clothing and Wood Trades
(300 or 0.2%), mainly Canvas and Leather Goods Makers and
Binders, Finishers and Screen Printers.
The projected employment change for all occupations can be found
in the Occupation Matrix starting on page 35 and at lmip.gov.au
(click on Publications).
Page sources: DEEWR Employment Projections.
26
For more information see lmip.gov.au
OCCUPATION CHARACTERISTICS AND JOB PROSPECTS
There are opportunities in all occupations
Employment opportunities are available for people with the right
skills in every occupation.
• The chance of gaining a job in a particular occupation is
a combination of your own skills and abilities (and your
determination and motivation) and the characteristics of
the occupation.
While employers increasingly require workers who have a high
level of skill, there will always be employment opportunities in
occupations that generally do not require post-school education
or training.
• For example, there are expected to be 556,500 jobs for Sales
Assistants, General in November 2017 (and it will still be the
largest occupation).
The Occupation Matrix (page 35) identifies occupations which
will have strong employment growth over the five years to November
2017. Clearly, the creation of new jobs opens opportunities for job
seekers. That said, it is also important to take into account job
turnover. Vacancies arise in all occupations as people move
between jobs, creating opportunities even when employment
levels in an occupation are steady or declining. The Job Openings
information in the Matrix takes account of both these measures.
What do skill shortages mean for
job seekers?
Sometimes a great deal of attention is given to skill shortages.
The existence of shortages may mean that there are currently good
opportunities for people with specialised skills or experience in these
occupations, but shortages do not guarantee that every job seeker
will find employment. Shortages are not necessarily apparent in every
location, and it is likely that the labour market will change over coming
years and shortages may not be evident in the same occupations in
the future.
The causes of skill shortages are complex. Shortages can result
from a number of factors, including low levels of training, high levels
of wastage (workers no longer in occupations for which they
trained), changes in technology, increasing demand for new skills
within an occupation and locational mismatch (where workers who
have the skills are not in close proximity to the employers seeking
those skills).
There has been a marked fall in the extent of skill shortages in
Australia over the past few years in line with the softer labour market
(see page 4) and higher training. Research conducted by DEEWR
indicates employers were more successful recruiting skilled workers
in 2012 than at any time over the last five years, and job applicants
faced slightly greater competition for available vacancies.
It is better to look for training and employment in an occupation in
which you are interested and have aptitude, than to base decisions
about career choice on the existence of current shortages.
Research into likely demand and labour market conditions is still a
good idea, but the existence of shortages should not be the sole or
primary factor influencing your choice.
• Good candidates will always be highly sought after by employers
regardless of labour market conditions, and candidates who do
not have the required skills and interest in their occupation are
unlikely to gain employment even in times of shortages.
For more information see www.joboutlook.gov.au
What factors affect an occupation’s
prospects?
Many factors affect the number of job opportunities available in
an occupation. These include
Number employed – in simple terms, the larger an occupation,
the more likely there are to be jobs in every location.
Employment growth – this can be an indicator of demand.
Historical employment growth tells you how many new jobs have
been created and projected growth gives you an insight into how
many additional jobs there will be in the future.
Shortages – may mean there are currently good opportunities
in an occupation for people with those skills and experience.
Some shortages, though, are for highly experienced or specialist
workers and new graduates may find it difficult to gain initial
employment. Shortages vary by location and change over time.
Job turnover – is the annual percentage of employees who
move out of the occupation into other occupations, retirement or
unemployment plus employees who change jobs within the same
occupation. Turnover creates opportunities in all occupations when
workers need to be replaced.
Further information is available
The Occupation Matrix (starting on page 35) provides a range of key
information that can help you identify occupations which might be
right for you. The following websites may also be useful.
Graduate Careers Australia (GCA) – graduatecareers.com.au
National Centre for Vocational Education
Research (NCVER) – ncver.edu.au
Looking at graduate outcomes may be valuable if you are
considering training (pages 31 and 32). GCA provides information
about university graduates’ outcomes and NCVER has information
about vocational education and training.
Industry Skills Councils (ISCs) – isc.org.au
The ISCs develop Environmental Scans for 11 skill areas each year,
and highlight current workforce issues.
Job Guide – jobguide.deewr.gov.au
Job Guide is a key government resource for career information.
Job Outlook – joboutlook.gov.au
This DEEWR site provides detailed occupational profiles for each
of the occupations included in the Occupation Matrix.
Labour Market Information Portal (LMIP) – lmip.gov.au
This DEEWR site provides detailed, up-to-date labour market
information, including data at the regional level.
MyFuture – myfuture.edu.au
This online database provides a range of information, articles
and links to assist with career development and planning.
Skills Info – skillsinfo.gov.au
This DEEWR site provides comprehensive data about industry
employment trends and employment projections.
Skill Shortage Research – deewr.gov.au/skill-shortages
DEEWR monitors the labour market for a range of skilled
occupations to identify shortages and analyse key issues.
The case studies on page 28 outline some characteristics for
selected occupations which show the range of factors which should
be considered.
27
OCCUPATION PROFILES (SELECTED CASE STUDIES)
Medical Practitioners, General
• This is a large occupation with 113,000 workers. Employment
rose strongly over the five years to November 2012, with 32,700
new jobs.
• Future demand is expected to be strong as the Australian
population ages. This occupation is expected to be one of
the strongest growing over the five years to November 2017
(with a rise of 27.7% or 31,300).
• The workforce has a relatively old age profile. In addition to the
new jobs created there are likely to be many vacancies as people
retire over the next decade or so.
• About two in three carers work part-time hours.
• Earnings are relatively low.
• Increasingly, employers seek applicants who hold relevant
qualifications at the certificate III or higher level.
• Training is long, needing a minimum of four years (if it is done as a
post-graduate qualification or longer for an undergraduate course).
In addition, a one year internship is needed for registration.
• Entry to training is very competitive.
• This is a large, high growth occupation, with 53,200 Medical
Practitioners, General employed at November 2012, a rise of
14,300 or 36.9% compared with five years earlier.
• Further strong growth is expected over the five years to
November 2017, with 10,600 new jobs or growth of 20.0%.
• For those who are registered, employment is close to being
guaranteed.
• Unemployment is very low.
• Earnings are high.
Engineers, Chemical
• This is relatively small but fast growing engineering specialisation.
Despite continued strong growth, there are likely to be few job
openings because of the small size of the occupation and low
staff turnover.
• This is a diverse occupation with employment in multiple
industries, but positions are often highly specialised and
experience may not be readily transferable between jobs.
• Generally, there are large numbers of qualified applicants for
each job. Despite this, some employers have difficulty filling
their vacancies as applicants do not have the specific skills and
experience needed for their positions.
• Unemployment is low and earnings are high.
• Entry requires at least four years study at university. Training
commencements declined by 1.6% over the five years to 2011.
• Graduates can have difficulty finding their first job. Graduate
outcomes are lower for those who study chemical engineering
than for other engineering disciplines. Some 77.5% of the 2011
graduates who were available found full-time employment in 2012
(four months after graduation) compared with 85.7% for all
engineering and related fields.
Geologists and Geophysicists
• These professions require a minimum of a bachelor degree
for entry.
• About 83% of Geologists and Geophysicists are employed in
Mining and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, and
employment is strongly dependent on activity in Mining.
• There were around 11,000 jobs at November 2012. Few new jobs
are expected to be created over the five years to November 2017
(with 2.0% growth or 200).
• Most jobs are full-time, just 13% of Geologists and Geophysicists
work part-time.
• Unemployment is low and earnings are high (reflecting the level of
skill and the location of most jobs, which are often on remote sites).
28
Motor Mechanics
• Training for Motor Mechanics is generally through an apprenticeship
or traineeship.
• This is a large occupation with 83,800 workers. Employment has
fallen (down by 21.0% over the five years to November 2012), but
7,700 new jobs are expected to be created over the five years to
November 2017 (a rise of 9.2%).
• Most Motor Mechanics are male (99%) and work full-time (91%).
• Shortages have existed for most of the last decade and are likely
to persist.
• Earnings are relatively low.
• This is the largest employing occupation in Australia (with more
than half a million workers) and there are opportunities in almost
every location.
• More than 70% work in Retail Trade, but there are also opportunities
in industries such as Accommodation and Food Services.
• Many vacancies are created as people leave to work in other
occupations or retire.
• This occupation provides great entry-level opportunities as
post-school qualifications are not generally required.
• Most employment is part-time (71%) and additional jobs are
generally offered over the busy Christmas period.
• Although it may be relatively easy to gain employment in this
occupation, pay is relatively low and work may involve weekends
and evenings.
Waiters
• This is a large employing occupation (115,800) with opportunities
in almost every location.
• Waiters are generally young, and most work part-time (82%),
with hours often being unsociable. Some people combine work
as a Waiter with study, but for others it is a long-term career.
• Turnover is high and, as a result, there are likely to be large
numbers of job openings. However, there are often large numbers
of applicants for advertised vacancies.
• Employers have a preference for workers who have on-the-job
experience (even for those who have done formal training), have
relevant licences (such as a RSA) and exceptional customer
service skills. The need for previous experience can make it
difficult to find an opportunity to enter this occupation.
• Unemployment is high and earnings are low.
SKILL LEVEL OVERVIEW
While it is useful to look at the labour market in terms of
occupational change (pages 25 and 26), it is also interesting to look
at qualifications and skills.
Occupations can be classified into indicative skill levels based on
the complexity of the work undertaken and the level of qualification
(or skill) needed. Generally, the higher the skill level, the greater the
amount of formal education or training, previous experience and
on-the-job training required to competently perform the set of tasks
for that occupation. For many occupations, some years of relevant
experience can substitute for formal qualifications and people
working in some skilled occupations may have gained their skills
on-the-job rather than through formal training.
Most jobs in Australia are highly skilled, with more than 3.4 million
workers employed in an occupation assessed at Skill Level 1
(equivalent to a bachelor degree or higher qualification). These jobs
are generally Managers and Professionals.
Combined, occupations at Skill Level 2 and Skill Level 3 (which are
equivalent to a vocational education and training qualification at the
certificate III or higher level) account for slightly more than 3.0 million
workers. The range of occupations in this category is very broad,
such as Primary Products Inspectors, Motor Mechanics, Electricians
and Cooks, as well as Police, Funeral Workers, Financial Brokers
and Veterinary Nurses.
Employment Share by Skill Level (% of total)
Skill Level 5
Occupations
17.6%
Skill Level 1
Occupations
30.0%
Skill Level 4
Occupations
26.0%
Skill Level 2
Occupations
11.4%
Skill Level 3
Occupations
15.1%
Educational profile
The educational profile differs from occupational skill level as it
represents the qualfications that people in the workforce have
attained, rather than the indicative skill level of jobs and occupations.
In other words, it measures formal educational attainment rather
than how highly skilled jobs are.
Across Australia, more than one quarter of workers hold a bachelor
degree or higher qualification. A futher three in ten have a vocational
qualfication at the certificate III or higher level.
Workforce Educational Profile (% of total)
Highest level of post-school qualification
%
Postgraduate degree
Graduate diploma/certificate
Bachelor degree
Associate degree, advanced diploma or diploma
Certificate III or IV
Certificate I or II
Certificate not further defined
No post-school qualification
5.2
2.4
18.6
10.1
19.6
1.4
1.7
37.2
Source: ABS Census 2011 (excludes not classified)
Educational profile of regional Australia
There are significant differences in the educational profile of the
workforce in state capital cities compared with regional areas. In
state capital cities, workers are more likely to have a post-school
qualification (65% compared with 59%), with a significant gap in the
proportion who have a bachelor degree or higher qualification (31%
of workers in state capital cities compared with 18% in regional
areas). Workers in regional Australia are, though, more likely to hold
a certificate III or higher vocational qualification than those in state
capital cities (33% compared with 28%).
Workforce Educational Profile by Location
(% of location total)
31%
State capital cities
28%
35%
18%
Regional Australia
33%
41%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Employment
Projected
employ’t
5 year change
to Nov 2017
Source: ABS Census 2011
Employment by Occupation’s Skill Level
Employ’t
Nov 2012
Skill Level
AQF Qualification Equivalence
1
2
3
4
5
All Skill Levels
Commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher
Commensurate with an associate degree, advanced diploma or diploma
Commensurate with a certificate III (with at least two years of on-the-job training) or certificate IV
Commensurate with a certificate II or certificate III (with no on-the-job training)
Commensurate with a certificate I or compulsory secondary education
5 year change
to Nov 2012
‘000
‘000
%
‘000
%
3455.6
1310.8
1739.1
2997.8
2031.9
11,535.2
408.4
104.1
17.8
246.6
61.7
838.5
13.4
8.6
1.0
9.0
3.1
7.8
286.4
108.3
73.4
234.6
117.5
820.1
8.3
8.3
4.2
7.8
5.8
7.1
Note: Formal qualifications are aligned with the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), but they may not be required, as relevant experience to an equivalent skill level
may substitute for formal training.
Page sources: ABS Labour Force (trend); ABS Census 2011; DEEWR Employment Projections. For trend data, totals do not add.
29
SKILL LEVEL OVERVIEW
SKILL LEVEL OUTLOOK
More people are attaining post-school
qualifications
Most new jobs will require high levels of skill
The Australian workforce is becoming more highly educated, with a
marked rise in the number of Australians undertaking post-school
education or training. In 2011, there were more than 863,000
domestic students enrolled in higher education award courses and
more than 1.8 million in the public vocational education and training
system. Between 2006 and 2011, the number of domestic students
enrolled in a bachelor degree or higher qualification course
increased by 19% and the number of students undertaking training
for a certificate III or higher vocational education and training
qualification through publicly funded providers increased by 45%.
Research undertaken by the Department of Innovation (DIICCSRTE)
highlights changes in the skill level of the labour market (details of the
basis of the research and definitions are on page 42). It shows that
the proportion of workers who hold a tertiary qualification increased
from 48.2% in 2001 to 62.8% in 2011. Other key findings include
• The percentage of those in the labour force who hold a bachelor
degree or higher qualification increased from 19.1% to 27.7% and
the proportion with a postgraduate qualification or higher rose
from 2.7% to 5.5%.
• Between 2001 and 2011, employment increased by 1.7 million
and 1.1 million workers retired, meaning there were 2.8 million job
openings. For each person who retired (left the labour force) over
this period, approximately 1.6 young people entered.
• The number of people in the labour force who did not have a
post-school qualification fell by 341,000 over the decade. About
62.4% of those who retired in this period did not have post-school
qualifications, but most of the young entrants did have postschool qualifications (just 22.1% did not).
• For every person with a bachelor degree or higher qualification
who retired there were 9.1 new entrants with this level of
qualification. For every person who retired with a certificate level
qualification or higher there were 6.0 new certificate or higher
holders.
• The number of workers with postgraduate degrees more than
doubled during the period, from 226,000 to 531,000, an increase
of 135.7%, by far the highest growth rate of any of the qualification
categories. Those with graduate diplomas/graduate certificates
increased by 43.9%, bachelor degrees by 57.3%, advanced
diplomas/diplomas by 55.2% and certificate level qualifications
by 32.3%.
The changes noted in the previous column are likely to continue, as
nearly half of the new jobs expected to be created over the five
years to November 2017 are likely to be at Skill Level 1 or 2 (those
which generally require some years of post-school education or
training). Definitions of skill levels are provided in the table at the
bottom of page 29.
Projected Employment Growth by Skill Level
Nov 2012 to Nov 2017 (‘000)
Skill Level 1
286.4
Skill Level 4
234.6
Skill Level 5
117.5
Skill Level 2
108.3
Skill Level 3
73.4
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
At Skill Level 1 or 2, the largest numbers of new jobs are projected for
• Accountants — Skill Level 1 (21,400)
• Managers, Advertising and Sales — Skill Level 1 (21,100)
• Contract, Program and Project Administrators — Skill Level 2
(17,100)
• Managers, Office — Skill Level 2 (16,200)
• Teachers, Primary School — Skill Level 1 (14,300).
At Skill Level 3 the largest numbers of new jobs are likely to be for
• Carpenters and Joiners — Skill Level 3 (12,900)
• Motor Mechanics — Skill Level 3 (7,700)
• Call or Contact Centre Workers — Skill Level 3 or 4 (6,600)
• Plasterers — Skill Level 3 (6,600)
• Real Estate Sales Agents — Skill Level 2 or 3 (6,600).
For lower skilled jobs (Skill Levels 4 or 5), the largest numbers of
new jobs are expected to be for
• Sales Assistants, General — Skill Level 5 (45,500)
• Carers, Aged and Disabled — Skill Level 4 (31,300)
• Receptionists — Skill Level 4 (18,500)
• Carers, Child — Skill Level 4 (15,500)
• Clerks, Inquiry — Skill Level 4 (14,800).
Change in Educational Attainment Level in the Labour Force, 2001 to 2011 (‘000)
1000
Young Entrants
Prime Age Workers
Retirement Aged Workers
New Migrants
Total
500
0
-500
-1000
Postgraduate degree
Graduate diploma/
certificate
Bachelor degree
Advanced diploma/
diploma
Certificate
level
No post-school
qualification
Source: Calculated by DIICCSRTE from ABS Census 2001 and 2011
Page sources: ABS Census, 2001, 2006 and 2011; DIICCSRTE Students: Selected Higher Education Statistics; NCVER Students and Courses; DEEWR Employment Projections.
30
For more information see lmip.gov.au
EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT
GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES
Post-school education or training is
worthwhile
University graduates do well in the
labour market
There is sound evidence to show that people who hold higher level
qualifications have better employment outcomes and higher earnings
than those who have not studied after leaving school. It is also
evident that most of the jobs being created in Australia are skilled,
further highlighting the importance of gaining qualifications.
Employment outcomes for university graduates remain strong,
although they have weakened slightly in recent years. Graduate
Careers Australia’s (GCA) 2012 Australian Graduate Survey shows
that 76.1% of bachelor degree and 83.4% of masters degree
graduates who were available for full-time work, had found full-time
employment within four months of completing their studies in 2011.
While post-school education may not be suitable for everyone,
the evidence suggests that people who hold qualifications at the
certificate III or higher level are less likely to be unemployed and are
more likely to participate in the labour market. Australians who hold a
bachelor degree or higher qualification have the lowest unemployment
rate (3.4% in 2011) and the highest labour force participation rate.
Those who hold vocational education qualifications at the advanced
diploma/diploma or certificate III or IV level also have relatively low
unemployment (4.0% and 4.3% respectively). The unemployment rates
for workers who do not hold post-school qualifications are markedly
higher, particularly for those who left school before completing
Year 10 (12.2%). The chart below highlights the almost direct
relationship between higher levels of qualification and better
employment outcomes.
Skilled workers also commonly earn more. People who did not
complete Year 12 generally earn around 21% less than someone
whose highest educational attainment is an advanced diploma or
diploma, and around 42% less than a university graduate.
ABS data indicate that people who have certificate I or II level
qualifications fare less well in the labour market than those who have
completed Years 10 to 12 of school education as their highest level
of attainment. Interestingly, though, findings from Longitudinal
Survey of Australian Youth research suggest that while there may
be little or no immediate return from completing a certificate I or II,
these qualifications can be a successful pathway to a higher
qualification for students who would not otherwise be able to enrol
in further education or training.
Employed full-time four months after graduation
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
Bachelor degree graduates
Masters degree graduates
76.1%
76.3%
76.2%
79.2%
85.2%
83.4%
83.6%
84.7%
86.1%
88.7%
Source: GCA Graduate Destinations
Bachelor degree graduates in Health, and Engineering and Related
Technologies generally have the best employment outcomes.
Employment Outcomes by Selected Field of Education
Bachelor Degree Graduates (% employed full-time)
Health
88.1%
Engineering and Related Technologies
85.7%
Management and Commerce
75.8%
Architecture and Building
75.3%
Information Technology
75.0%
Education
74.8%
Agriculture, Environmental and Related
70.7%
Society and Culture
70.6%
Natural and Physical Sciences
62.9%
Creative Arts
20
18
87.4
83.7
Participation Rate (%)
18.5
86.9
16
90
80
75.1
66.4
14
12
10
63.7
12.2
45.6
8.3
8
7.2
6
4
100
3.4
4.0
60
50
40
30
4.3
20
2
0
70
10
Bachelor Advanced Certificate Year 12
degree or dipolma/ III or IV
higher
diploma
Years Certificate Below
11 & 10
I or II
Year 10
0
Participation rate (%)
Unemployment rate (%)
Labour Market Outcomes by Highest Level of Educational
Attainment, Working Age Population (aged 15 to 64 years)
58.6%
0
20
40
60
80
100
Source: GCA Graduate Destinations
Specific disciplines with the strongest employment outcomes at the
time of the 2012 survey were
• medicine and pharmacy (both 98.1%, but this figure is influenced
by registration year requirements, for which the health sector
provides places)
• mining engineering (93.9%)
• surveying (93.0%)
• nursing — initial training (92.2%)
• civil engineering (90.5%).
Source: ABS Census 2011
The Occupation Matrix from page 35 shows unemployment
rates and earnings, and indicates higher skilled jobs generally have
better pay.
Page sources: ABS Census 2011; ABS Education and Training Experience; GCA Graduate Destinations and GradStats 2012; NCVER Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth Paper 2546.
31
GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES
GRADUATE SALARIES
Employment outcomes are good for
vocational education and training graduates
How much do higher education
graduates earn?
Employment outcomes in the vocational education and training
(VET) system are strong, although the proportion of graduates who
find employment (full-time or part-time) has dropped slightly in
recent years, consistent with softer labour market conditions.
In 2012, Graduate Careers Australia’s (GCA) figures show the median
annual starting salary for bachelor degree graduates aged younger
than 25 years and in their first full-time job was $52,000, up by
$2,000 from 2011. GCA’s analysis states that this was 77.8% of the
annual average male earnings ($66,800) at the time of the survey.
The National Centre for Vocational Education Research’s (NCVER)
Student Outcomes Survey for 2012 found that 77.8% of VET
graduates were employed six months after completing their training.
This figure includes people employed on a part-time basis, but is
similar to outcomes for bachelor degree graduates.
Median Starting Salaries, Bachelor Degree Graduates
($’000)
60
For apprentices or trainees in a Technicians and Trades Workers
occupation, employment outcomes are very strong, with 92.9%
employed six months after graduation and 87.9% of these working
in the same or a related occupation for which they trained.
50
Employed six months after graduation
20
All VET graduates
Apprentice and Trainee graduates
10
77.8%
77.4%
76.3%
77.8%
80.7%
85.7%
86.7%
86.3%
87.4%
89.2%
0
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
The charts below show that graduates who undertook training in
Education; Architecture and Building; Engineering; and Health had
the strongest employment outcomes.
Employment Outcomes by Field of Education
VET graduates (% employed)
91.1%
85.5%
83.9%
83.2%
81.0%
77.8%
74.6%
68.3%
58.5%
57.3%
20
40
60
80
100
Source: NCVER Student Outcomes
Qualification level makes a difference
Employment outcomes do vary depending on the level of
qualification. NCVER data show that students with a certificate IV
are the most likely to find employment, while employment outcomes
are relatively low for those with a certificate I (although this may be a
pathway to a higher qualification).
Employed six months after graduation
Diploma or higher
Certificate IV
Certificate III
Certificate II
Certificate I
All VET graduates
Apprentice and Trainee graduates
83.2%
84.0%
79.2%
61.8%
50.5%
81.1%
86.2%
84.9%
66.1%
45.5%
Source: NCVER Student Outcomes, 2012
37.0
38.0
2002
2003
2004
40.0
40.8
2005
2006
50.0
2009
2010
2011
52.0
30
2007
2008
2012
The highest starting salaries were for
• Dentistry ($80,000)
• Optometry ($79,000)
• Earth Sciences ($73,000)
• Engineering ($63,000)
• Medicine ($60,000).
What about vocational education and
training graduates?
In 2012, NCVER data show that the average annual salary for
VET graduates working full-time after training was $54,500
(includes graduates of all ages).
Just as graduate employment outcomes vary depending on the
level of qualification attained, there is a difference in the graduate
salaries by qualification level for those in full-time employment
six months after completion of their training.
• Diploma or higher vocational qualification ($64,500)
• Certificate IV ($61,800)
• Certificate III ($47,600)
• Certificate II ($43,300)
• Certificate I ($49,500).
The highest average salaries for VET graduates in 2012 were for
• Education ($71,800)
• Engineering and Related Technologies ($58,500)
• Natural and Physical Sciences ($57,500)
• Health ($55,800)
• Management and Commerce ($55,500).
For those who completed their VET training as part of an
apprenticeship or traineeship, the average starting salary
was $46,500.
Page sources: NCVER Student Outcomes; GCA GradStats 2012 and Graduate Salaries
32
43.0
49.0
The average annual income after training for VET graduates aged
20 to 24 years was $43,900, but for those aged 45 to 64 years the
average was considerably higher, $63,800.
76.3%
0
35.5
48.0
Source: GCA Graduate Salaries
Source: NCVER Student Outcomes
Education
Architecture and Building
Engineering and Related Technologies
Health
Agriculture, Environmental and Related
Management and Commerce
Society and Culture
Food, Hospitality and Personal Services
Natural and Physical Sciences
Creative Arts
Information Technology
40
45.0
EMPLOYERS’ EXPECTATIONS
What do employers look for when recruiting?
Workplace experience is valuable
Employers are interested in a range of skills and attributes when
they recruit. They look for candidates who not only have the
technical or job-specific skills required for the vacancy for which
they are recruiting, but also those who can interact positively with
other workers and clients, who can problem solve and are reliable.
One of the most difficult challenges, that even the most highly
educated person can face, is breaking into the labour market with
little or no workplace experience.
Employers place a strong value on employability skills and often
reject applicants who are suitable in many other respects, even
those who hold relevant qualifications, if they do not have the
required employability skills.
What are employability skills?
An entry-level job can provide an opportunity to gain workplace
skills and experience, which is valued by employers and which will
help for future employment. Many people gain their first job in an
industry like Retail Trade or Accommodation and Food Services
while they are still at school or studying. National Centre for
Vocational Education Research findings suggest that students
benefit from working a small number of shifts each week, but long
hours impact on academic progress.
Employability skills apply across all jobs, although particular jobs
may require some employability skills more than others. These skills
are the non-technical or generic skills considered to be essential for
people to obtain a job, stay in work, make job and career changes
and progress in the labour market. They are sometimes referred to
as core skills, life skills, soft skills, transferable skills, foundation skills
or graduate attributes. There are eight identified employability skills:
Students may have the chance to undertake a placement to gain
workplace experience as part of their course. A key feature of
apprenticeships or traineeships is the combination of training and
employment they offer.
Communication includes effective listening and understanding,
being assertive and persuasive, sharing information, using networks
and being responsive in negotiations and to requests.
With the assistance of a Job Services Australia or Disability
Employment Services provider, job seekers may be able to
participate in unpaid work experience activities. Involvement in
these can provide opportunities to build on existing job skills and
learn new ones.
Team Work includes working with a wide range of people,
understanding how a role contributes as part of a team, coaching,
mentoring and giving feedback.
Problem Solving includes developing creative, innovative and
practical solutions, applying a range of strategies to solve a
problem, testing assumptions and resolving concerns.
Initiative and Enterprise includes adapting to new situations,
developing effective work practices, identifying opportunities and
translating ideas into action.
Planning and Organising includes managing time and priorities by
setting goals and timelines, coordinating tasks, being resourceful
and working systematically.
Self-Management includes having a personal vision and goals,
evaluating and monitoring one’s own performance, having clarity
and confidence and taking responsibility.
Learning includes being willing to learn, being open to new ideas
and techniques and proactive involvement in training opportunities.
Technology includes having a basic understanding of word
processing, spreadsheets, the internet and email and an ability to
adapt to new and emerging technologies.
These skills are embedded into most post-school education and
training courses, and can also be developed while working or in
family and community settings.
Employers also value a range of other attributes, including loyalty,
commitment, honesty and integrity, enthusiasm, reliability, personal
presentation, common sense, positive self-esteem, ability to deal
with pressure, motivation and adaptability.
Volunteering is another way to gain work experience, with a diverse
range of opportunities available to develop skills while working as
part of a team.
What about green skills?
Green skills, or skills for sustainability, include the technical skills and
knowledge needed in the workforce as a response to the transition
to a sustainable, low carbon economy. They also include generic
skills (such as sustainable approaches, innovation and problem
solving) required to develop and support sustainable social,
economic and environmental outcomes.
Green skills are important to all industries. There is no doubt that
new jobs will be created as we move to a greener economy.
However, it is also likely that many existing jobs will be made
greener. Workers across a range of occupations will need new skills
to develop and implement new technologies and practices, and to
respond to the demand for sustainable design and products.
Examples of how some green skills are likely to be integrated into
existing roles include
• Accountants and Economists providing environmental reporting
and accounting services
• Architects, Engineers and Construction Trades workers
responding to demand for sustainable and energy-efficient
designs and use of green materials
• Managers changing practices to reduce energy, water and
waste costs
• Plumbers installing and maintaining systems for water and energy
efficiency, recycling, rain water harvesting and waste reduction
• Electricians and Motor Mechanics working with different energy
systems, such as solar panels and hybrid cars.
The Australian Government has funded the development of the Core
Skills for Work Developmental Framework (CSfW), which describes
the non-technical skills, knowledge and understandings that
underpin successful participation in work. The CSfW will assist
trainers, practitioners and employment services to more explicitly
address the development of these employability skills.
Page sources: myFuture, NCVER Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth Paper 2539.
33
GUIDE TO THE OCCUPATION MATRIX
How do I use the Matrix?
After you have considered your interests and aptitudes, and have
thought about how to boost your own prospects, you may want to
look in more detail at factors which might help with your decisions
about which occupation or career to pursue.
These can include the availability of work in your local area, pay and
conditions, how hard it is to get into relevant training, future jobs
growth and skill level. The links on pages 27 and 43 can help you
explore these factors, and the information in the Occupation Matrix
can also assist.
The information provided in the Occupation Matrix is a guide, and
decisions about future career choices should be based primarily on
your own skills, interests and expectations.
You may also want to know whether particular occupations require
you to work outdoors, are physically demanding or do shift work,
as lifestyle factors may influence your choice. These issues are not
included in the Australian Jobs publication, but Job Guide can help
(available online at jobguide.deewr.gov.au).
Employment Profile – Female
This shows the proportion of those employed in the occupation who
are female.
Data Source: ABS Census 2011
Employment Profile – Median Age
This shows the median age in years for workers. Half the workers
are younger than this age and half are older.
Employment Profile – Median Earnings
Median weekly earnings uses five categories.
Key
Median Weekly Earnings
$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
≤ $900
$901 to $1,000
$1,001 to $1,200
$1,201 to $1,500
> $1,500
Some relatively low skilled occupations may have relatively high pay,
but this may be to compensate for difficult working conditions or
unsociable hours. Skilled occupations generally attract better pay
and conditions.
Median weekly earnings are before tax earnings for full-time
employees. The median earnings ranges are for all ages and levels
of experience, so they are indicative only and cannot be used to
determine what an individual worker will actually earn.
Titles in the Matrix are arranged in alphabetical order and some are
duplicated to make them easier to find. Similar occupations may
also be clustered together with their titles reversed, for example
Mechanical Engineer will be listed under Engineer, Mechanical.
Data Source: ABS Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership,
August 2012
Employment and Employment Change
The Employment information gives the total number of people
employed in Australia in November 2012 for each occupation.
It includes both full-time and part-time workers.
Employment Change shows the change in the number employed as
well as the percentage change in employment over the five years to
November 2012.
Data Source: ABS Labour Force
Unemployment
The Unemployment Rate is the number of unemployed persons as a
percentage of the labour force (employed plus unemployed).
Unemployment is presented in three categories: low, average and high.
The categories are based on the occupation’s average unemployment
rate over 2012 relative to the average across ‘all occupations’.
An occupation may have high unemployment but also be experiencing
shortages for particular skills. Occupational Unemployment Rates do
not reflect underutilised skills (such as an Accountant working as a
Clerk, Accounting), and does not include first job seekers or those who
have not worked in the past two years.
Data Source: ABS Labour Force
Employment Profile – Part-Time Employment Share
This shows the proportion of workers who work part-time.
The information uses the ABS definition of part-time, which is
working less than 35 hours per week.
Future Employment Change
This presents the percentage change in employment expected over
the five years to November 2017 using five categories.
Key
Future Change, 5 years to Nov 2017





< -1.6%
-1.6% to 1.4%
1.5% to 8.4%
8.5% to 13.1%
> 13.1%
Information about DEEWR’s employment projections is available at
www.lmip.gov.au
Data Source: DEEWR Employment Projections
Job Openings
This column presents an estimate of the number of job opportunities
likely to be available over the next five years using five categories.
Key
Job Openings, 5 years to Nov 2017















≤ 5,000
5,001 to 10,000
10,001 to 25,000
25,001 to 50,000
> 50,000
Job openings counts both the number of new jobs expected to be
created over the five years and the number of openings likely due to
workers leaving their occupation group for other employment or
leaving the workforce.
It is vital to note that these estimates do not provide any guidance
about the number of job seekers in each occupation. Although there
may be a large number of job openings, there may be even larger
numbers of job seekers. Occupations with small numbers of job
openings may offer better prospects for suitably skilled applicants.
Data Source: Calculated from DEEWR Employment Projections and ABS Labour
Mobility, February 2012
34
OCCUPATION MATRIX
Employ’t
Nov 2012
OCCUPATION
‘000
5 year change
to Nov 2012
‘000
Unemploy’t
2012
‘%
Working
Median Median
Female
Part-time
Age
Earnings
%
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
%
A
Accountants
Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers
Actuaries, Mathematicians and Statisticians
Advertising and Marketing Professionals
Agricultural, Forestry and Horticultural Operators
Agricultural Technicians
Air Transport Professionals
Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics
Aircraft Maintenance Engineers
Ambulance Officers and Paramedics
Anaesthetists
Animal Attendants and Trainers
Aquaculture Workers
Architects and Landscape Architects
Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians
Archivists, Curators and Records Managers
Auctioneers, and Stock and Station Agents
Audiologists and Speech Pathologists
Auditors and Company Secretaries
Authors, and Book and Script Editors
Automotive Electricians
169.7
5.0
6.2
54.9
15.5
3.8
13.7
29.1
10.9
18.2
3.6
17.2
0.7
23.9
56.2
6.9
4.3
7.1
16.3
10.1
10.7
4.3
-0.6
1.6
13.8
-1.7
1.2
1.5
2.1
-3.6
8.2
-0.7
3.8
3.3
1.3
1.0
-0.5
0.2
0.2
2.8
1.9
2.6
-11.1
35.8
33.5
-10.1
47.1
12.5
7.6
-24.9
81.6
-16.4
28.7
15.9
2.3
16.0
-10.6
3.3
1.3
38.5
21.5
low
high
low
average
average
low
low
average
low
low
low
average
average
low
average
average
low
low
low
low
low
18
66
21
20
16
20
25
11
6
11
19
43
26
19
10
28
11
43
13
44
8
48
50
43
58
5
35
7
1
3
31
29
61
16
30
10
71
9
93
44
65
2
37
32
36
33
41
40
39
32
37
39
42
38
32
39
40
43
46
34
37
45
34
$$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$
$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$
$$



































































B
Bakers and Pastrycooks
Bank Workers
Bar Attendants and Baristas
Barristers
Beauty Therapists
Binders, Finishers and Screen Printers
Boat Builders and Shipwrights
Bookkeepers
Bricklayers and Stonemasons
Butchers and Smallgoods Makers
27.0
58.0
86.4
6.1
18.2
3.5
4.0
108.4
22.6
22.7
-3.4
2.9
13.8
0.2
0.2
-2.2
-1.3
-17.0
-12.2
2.6
-11.2
5.3
19.0
2.9
1.2
-38.6
-24.9
-13.6
-34.9
13.2
average
average
average
low
average
average
average
low
average
average
26
35
69
16
54
18
14
66
22
15
30
72
58
29
98
25
2
92
1
5
33
36
23
45
30
43
38
45
37
37
$
$$
$
$$$$$
$
$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$







































25.9
24.2
32.8
3.2
18.4
78.2
2.0
113.0
119.5
6.8
121.1
15.0
135.9
83.5
14.1
3.0
167.4
32.8
14.4
7.7
155.5
2.4
-2.6
9.2
1.8
0.1
1.9
3.9
-0.5
32.7
17.2
1.1
-2.3
1.6
-5.6
16.5
2.7
-0.9
31.5
7.2
0.3
-0.2
35.2
-1.6
-9.2
61.0
5.8
2.0
11.5
5.2
-19.0
40.8
16.8
19.9
-1.9
11.6
-3.9
24.7
24.0
-22.8
23.2
28.4
2.2
-2.7
29.2
-39.7
low
high
high
low
average
low
high
average
average
low
average
low
average
average
low
low
average
average
high
high
low
average
11
78
34
25
38
60
44
66
54
42
13
13
85
24
17
46
67
83
49
57
33
71
2
82
67
23
15
79
74
82
96
15
1
13
77
24
38
39
62
82
13
60
81
66
33
27
31
45
35
44
40
46
32
54
31
38
20
33
39
36
47
46
43
45
41
48
$$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$$
$
$
$$$
$$
$$$$
$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$
$
$$$
$$
$$
$





























































































C
Cabinetmakers
Cafe Workers
Call or Contact Centre Workers
Canvas and Leather Goods Makers
Car Detailers
Care Workers, Nursing Support and Personal
Care Workers, Special
Carers, Child
Caretakers
Carpenters and Joiners
Cartographers and Surveyors
Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers
Chefs
Chemists, and Food and Wine Scientists
Chiropractors and Osteopaths
Cleaners, Commercial
Cleaners, Domestic
Cleaners, Other
Clerical and Office Support Workers, Other
Clerks, Accounting
Clerks, Betting
For the key to symbols see page 34
35
Employ’t
Nov 2012
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Unemploy’t
2012
Working
Median Median
Female
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Clerks, Court and Legal
Clerks, Filing and Registry
Clerks, General
Clerks, Human Resource
Clerks, Inquiry
Clerks, Insurance, Money Market and Statistical
Clerks, Payroll
Clerks, Purchasing and Supply Logistics
Clerks, Transport and Despatch
Clothing Trades Workers
Commissioned Officers, Management
Complementary Health Therapists
Computer Network Professionals
Concreters
Conference and Event Organisers
Conveyancers and Legal Executives
Cooks
Counsellors
Couriers and Postal Deliverers
Crane, Hoist and Lift Operators
Credit and Loans Officers
12.4
19.5
216.1
14.6
66.2
32.8
38.7
81.6
29.7
7.6
3.6
8.1
27.0
44.0
23.6
104.0
15.3
39.7
17.1
39.3
11.8
26.4
-0.7
0.6
74.9
4.3
2.7
8.5
10.8
-1.3
-0.5
-2.9
1.5
-0.5
5.0
8.0
3.3
28.6
3.2
1.1
-1.5
-3.7
-1.7
-5.7
-5.6
3.4
53.0
42.0
4.2
35.0
38.8
-1.6
-1.7
-27.9
71.5
-5.6
22.9
22.3
16.4
37.9
26.6
2.8
-7.8
-8.6
-12.8
-17.8
low
average
average
low
average
low
low
average
average
average
average
low
average
average
average
low
low
average
average
low
average
average
33
43
42
23
29
23
32
15
11
47
8
61
7
21
25
18
36
49
44
28
8
16
72
78
86
78
70
69
85
43
34
80
14
70
8
1
75
58
82
53
76
19
3
56
36
39
42
38
35
35
41
39
40
48
37
45
35
35
32
40
35
36
45
46
43
36
$$$
$$$
$$
$$$$
$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$
$$$$
$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$
$
$$$
$$
$$$$$
$$$



























































































5.0
10.2
7.7
21.4
7.2
12.3
4.9
16.0
7.2
5.3
48.0
36.6
38.5
41.7
66.8
12.1
184.4
8.2
-0.6
-0.8
-1.7
5.4
1.1
1.7
0.3
4.0
-2.4
0.7
14.5
1.2
1.4
3.1
5.1
0.2
16.9
1.6
-11.1
-7.1
-18.1
33.4
17.7
16.3
5.6
33.6
-25.0
15.7
43.2
3.5
3.8
8.0
8.3
1.7
10.1
24.3
high
low
high
average
low
low
low
average
low
low
low
low
low
average
average
low
average
low
66
26
25
49
36
33
44
23
23
61
5
36
38
40
12
6
12
58
50
62
8
98
54
36
93
39
28
91
6
6
13
11
4
6
3
21
32
36
40
29
40
41
32
37
36
50
38
47
53
40
39
46
45
49
$$$
$$$
$$$$
$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$
$$$
$
$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$






























































1.3
12.7
12.5
85.5
13.3
140.3
34.1
24.7
13.6
5.5
6.3
10.0
23.0
5.9
43.5
25.1
-1.5
-3.2
1.8
25.8
5.2
30.7
-9.4
10.0
4.5
-3.4
-3.3
4.1
-9.5
1.5
8.5
8.1
-52.9
-20.3
16.4
43.3
65.3
28.1
-21.6
68.4
50.2
-38.6
-34.4
70.0
-29.1
34.1
24.3
47.4
low
low
low
average
low
low
average
low
low
low
low
low
average
low
low
low
16
16
31
80
5
9
17
6
11
11
11
9
7
8
9
8
33
22
71
92
1
1
5
11
13
7
7
6
4
16
11
7
36
42
47
45
37
33
37
42
36
41
41
41
42
36
35
38
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$
$$$$
$$$$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$



















































D
Dancers, Actors and Other Entertainers
Debt Collectors
Deck and Fishing Hands
Dental Assistants
Dental Hygienists, Technicians and Therapists
Dental Practitioners
Dietitians
Directors, Artistic, and Media Producers and Presenters
Directors, Film, Television, Radio and Stage
Diversional Therapists
Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers
Drivers, Automobile
Drivers, Bus and Coach
Drivers, Delivery
Drivers, Forklift
Drivers, Train and Tram
Drivers, Truck
Driving Instructors
E
Economists
Economists, Land and Valuers
Education Advisers and Reviewers
Education Aides
Electrical Distribution Trades Workers
Electricians
Electronics Trades Workers
Engineering and Building Technicians, Other
Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Civil
Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Electrical
Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Electronic
Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Mechanical
Engineering Production Systems Workers
Engineers, Chemical and Materials
Engineers, Civil
Engineers, Electrical
36
Employ’t
Nov 2012
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Unemploy’t
2012
Working
Median Median
Female
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Engineers, Electronics
Engineers, ICT Support and Test
Engineers, Industrial, Mechanical and Production
Engineers, Mining
Engineers, Other
Engineers, Telecommunications
Environmental and Occupational Health Professionals
Event and Conference Organisers
6.8
5.4
31.0
12.7
10.7
12.5
27.3
23.6
-1.1
1.7
4.9
5.7
3.1
3.9
12.9
3.3
-14.4
45.3
18.8
80.4
40.3
46.2
89.7
16.4
low
low
low
low
low
average
low
average
10
9
7
7
10
8
15
25
4
26
7
10
14
15
39
75
42
34
36
35
36
37
42
32
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$

























6.3
30.0
6.5
17.6
29.1
4.8
11.3
1.5
41.5
73.0
31.3
10.8
39.9
8.1
26.0
19.6
43.9
20.6
26.2
11.5
6.3
5.7
4.7
14.9
1.4
-8.1
4.4
1.5
-7.6
-1.5
0.7
0.9
-13.1
-22.8
-7.3
2.9
7.1
-3.4
-2.2
-4.9
4.1
9.4
7.1
2.1
-1.1
0.4
0.6
3.3
-2.9
-56.3
17.1
31.3
-30.3
-4.8
15.9
8.9
-24.1
-23.8
-19.0
37.4
21.8
-29.8
-7.9
-20.0
10.2
84.3
37.4
22.1
-14.4
8.0
13.4
28.8
-67.1
high
average
average
high
average
low
average
low
low
low
low
low
average
average
low
average
low
low
low
low
high
low
high
average
low
32
22
19
39
34
26
28
21
22
23
16
24
79
28
16
13
16
6
71
26
49
62
22
30
27
25
31
29
31
35
14
10
16
25
31
25
62
33
4
33
27
30
6
59
2
91
61
7
5
43
39
41
40
39
33
37
42
42
49
54
51
35
18
40
41
36
40
42
33
38
39
28
40
36
49
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$$
$
$$$
$
$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$
$$$
–
$$
$$
$$
$$$


















































































5.1
9.1
69.2
11.0
7.0
50.6
4.0
15.0
5.6
2.1
-0.8
2.6
9.9
2.0
-4.7
7.3
-2.4
1.9
-0.5
-
-12.9
39.7
16.6
22.0
-40.4
17.0
-37.6
14.2
-7.5
-
low
low
average
low
average
average
low
average
average
low
52
35
35
13
10
27
19
22
55
37
87
38
11
24
1
47
37
3
50
35
48
32
39
37
36
32
40
42
41
30
$
$$
$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$
$
$
$$$





























66.1
49.1
7.2
20.2
7.5
24.7
48.6
3.6
7.2
1.4
-4.5
-1.7
-0.7
-7.3
5.8
17.1
23.3
-18.1
-18.7
-2.6
-13.0
average
low
average
average
low
high
average
43
44
39
12
26
73
17
86
4
78
42
63
87
70
31
49
42
44
33
42
34
$
$$
$$$
$
$$
$
$$$$































33.9
14.4
34.0
5.4
4.6
1.1
4.4
1.7
15.8
7.9
14.7
45.3
low
average
low
low
10
9
11
9
29
25
21
26
38
37
37
34
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$














F
Factory Process Workers, Other
Factory Workers, Food and Drink
Factory Workers, Plastics and Rubber
Farm Workers, Crop
Farm Workers, Livestock
Farm Workers, Mixed Crop and Livestock
Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers, Other
Farmers, Aquaculture
Farmers, Crop
Farmers, Livestock
Farmers, Mixed Crop and Livestock
Fashion, Industrial and Jewellery Designers
Fast Food Cooks
Fencers
Financial Brokers
Financial Dealers
Financial Investment Advisers and Managers
Fire and Emergency Workers
Fitness Instructors
Floor Finishers
Florists
Food Trades Assistants
Forestry and Logging Workers
Freight and Furniture Handlers
Funeral Workers
G
Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians
Gaming Workers
Gardeners
Geologists and Geophysicists
Glaziers
Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators
Graphic Pre-Press Trades Workers
Greenkeepers
Guides, Gallery, Museum and Tour
Guides, Outdoor Adventure
H
Hairdressers
Handypersons
Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals, Other
Hotel and Motel Managers
Hotel Service Managers
Housekeepers
Human Resource Professionals
I
ICT Business and Systems Analysts
ICT Sales Professionals
ICT Security, Database and Systems Administrators
ICT Support and Test Engineers
37
Employ’t
Nov 2012
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Unemploy’t
2012
Working
Median Median
Female
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
ICT Support Technicians
ICT Trainers
Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers
Indigenous Health Workers
Industrial Spraypainters
Information and Organisation Professionals, Other
Inspectors and Regulatory Officers
Insulation and Home Improvement Installers
Insurance Agents
Insurance Investigators and Loss Adjusters
Intelligence and Policy Analysts
Interior Designers
Internal Medicine Specialists
54.9
3.5
20.6
1.2
6.2
23.3
30.5
11.4
12.5
8.3
22.7
8.0
7.5
3.3
-1.2
3.3
-1.3
-1.9
10.4
0.2
-7.5
1.7
0.6
10.9
-0.1
2.9
6.4
-26.4
19.0
-52.0
-23.5
80.1
0.6
-39.5
15.5
7.5
92.2
-0.8
64.5
average
low
low
high
high
low
low
average
average
low
low
average
low
16
33
19
22
10
22
18
23
18
13
19
30
20
21
48
24
72
2
55
49
2
52
25
60
72
38
33
42
47
41
37
39
42
38
36
43
37
37
43
$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$$












































4.2
121.1
29.8
-1.1
-2.3
8.2
-20.0
-1.9
37.8
low
average
average
29
13
29
30
1
53
43
31
38
$$$$
$$
$$$$











55.0
118.4
-44.2
12.0
-44.6
11.3
average
high
46
78
85
59
40
26
$$
$











46.1
31.6
9.4
11.2
23.9
13.5
3.2
15.3
14.8
5.7
-11.2
-0.7
-0.1
1.3
3.3
-3.4
0.1
3.2
3.1
-1.1
-19.6
-2.3
-1.4
13.1
15.9
-20.0
2.0
26.6
26.2
-16.0
high
high
high
average
low
low
low
low
low
low
20
49
13
10
19
47
25
36
38
70
2
20
5
2
30
67
23
82
83
87
34
41
31
40
39
47
45
35
49
46
$$
$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$
$$
$$
$$$
$


































3.4
11.7
8.1
9.6
3.3
15.9
59.3
124.1
8.3
54.8
32.5
7.7
11.6
69.7
3.7
21.8
45.3
51.2
18.9
20.2
7.5
50.1
51.8
9.4
13.2
134.5
-0.9
0.5
-2.0
-4.7
-1.2
-3.7
16.6
-1.0
0.2
0.6
-8.2
4.5
2.6
3.3
-8.4
7.6
-10.0
8.4
5.9
-4.5
-1.7
7.1
9.3
2.4
0.3
-16.1
-21.6
4.3
-19.7
-32.9
-26.6
-18.7
38.8
-0.8
2.0
1.0
-20.2
143.3
29.0
4.9
-69.2
53.1
-18.1
19.6
45.4
-18.1
-18.7
16.6
21.9
34.9
2.1
-10.7
average
low
average
average
low
average
average
low
average
low
low
average
low
low
low
low
average
low
low
average
low
average
low
low
low
low
9
30
10
10
18
39
18
9
24
24
9
14
30
12
14
5
12
9
14
12
26
11
6
14
25
34
3
40
7
12
33
52
40
37
44
54
42
47
92
6
62
8
42
26
74
42
63
56
21
38
87
86
39
42
41
41
44
46
40
39
38
41
40
51
38
43
45
44
43
44
48
44
33
41
40
41
47
44
$$
$$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$$$
$$$




































































































J
Jewellers
Joiners and Carpenters
Journalists and Other Writers
K
Keyboard Operators
Kitchenhands
L
Labourers, Building and Plumbing
Labourers, Garden and Nursery
Labourers, Other Construction and Mining
Labourers, Paving and Surfacing
Landscape Architects and Architects
Laundry Workers
Leather and Canvas Goods Makers
Legal Executives and Conveyancers
Librarians
Library Assistants
M
Machine Operators, Clay, Concrete, Glass and Stone
Machine Operators, Other
Machine Operators, Paper and Wood Processing
Machine Operators, Plastics and Rubber Production
Machine Operators, Textile and Footwear Production
Mail Sorters
Management and Organisation Analysts
Managers, Amusement, Fitness and Sports Centre
Managers, Cafe and Restaurant
Managers, Call, Contact Centre and Customer Service
Managers, Caravan Park and Camping Ground
Managers, Child Care Centre
Managers, Construction
Managers, Corporate Services
Managers, Engineering
Managers, Finance
Managers, General
Managers, Health and Welfare Services
Managers, Hotel and Motel
Managers, Hotel Service
Managers, Human Resource
Managers, ICT
Managers, Licensed Club
Managers, Nurse
Managers, Office
38
Employ’t
Nov 2012
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Unemploy’t
2012
Working
Median Median
Female
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Managers, Other Accommodation and Hospitality
Managers, Other Education
Managers, Other Hospitality, Retail and Service
Managers, Other Specialist
Managers, Policy and Planning
Managers, Practice
Managers, Production
Managers, Research and Development
Managers, Retail
Managers, Supply and Distribution
Managers, Transport Services
Managing Directors and Chief Executives
Manufacturers
Marine Transport Professionals
Massage Therapists
Mathematicians, Statisticians and Actuaries
Meat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers
Media Producers and Presenters, and Artistic Directors
Medical Imaging Professionals
Medical Practitioner, General
Medical Practitioner, Other
Medical Technicians
Metal Casting, Forging and Finishing Trades Workers
Metal Trades Workers, Precision
Midwives
Miners, Drillers and Shot Firers
Ministers of Religion
Models and Sales Demonstrators
Motor Mechanics
Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters
Multimedia Specialists and Web Developers
Music Professionals
12.4
10.8
72.1
50.7
19.3
14.9
57.5
10.6
227.0
43.1
16.4
68.7
19.8
8.6
14.1
6.2
9.0
16.0
14.5
53.2
11.9
26.4
2.6
118.5
6.6
17.2
48.0
17.7
15.2
83.8
16.4
11.1
9.5
5.0
2.0
21.0
14.2
-6.2
2.2
16.8
-2.9
-7.6
16.2
0.1
19.9
-8.6
-1.2
3.4
1.6
-5.6
4.0
1.0
14.3
3.2
3.7
-0.4
17.4
1.1
4.7
14.5
-0.7
4.0
-22.3
4.7
4.7
-3.0
67.7
23.2
41.1
39.0
-24.3
17.4
41.4
-21.5
-3.2
60.3
0.7
40.7
-30.3
-12.2
31.6
35.8
-38.2
33.6
7.1
36.9
37.0
16.4
-13.4
17.2
19.4
37.8
43.2
-3.9
35.2
-21.0
39.9
71.7
-24.3
average
low
low
low
low
low
average
low
low
low
low
low
average
average
average
low
average
average
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
average
average
average
average
31
13
13
12
12
38
5
12
17
5
13
10
17
15
76
21
18
23
32
22
21
43
22
6
16
62
5
26
80
9
10
20
65
58
60
33
37
53
90
14
41
47
18
17
19
20
5
74
43
11
39
69
42
41
78
5
1
8
99
6
26
85
1
2
17
29
52
48
43
42
43
46
43
42
40
43
47
48
46
45
40
36
32
37
36
43
42
40
42
38
41
45
38
48
44
35
32
30
39
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$
$$$$$
$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$
$
$$$$
$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$
$$$
$$
$
$$$
$$


























































































































4.9
13.2
7.8
28.0
241.3
78.2
1.3
0.3
1.8
1.7
58.7
3.9
36.0
2.1
29.6
6.5
32.1
5.2
low
low
low
low
low
low
38
25
33
55
49
60
90
87
37
89
90
79
45
47
45
45
44
44
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$























27.3
12.8
4.6
3.0
12.9
3.9
1.1
-0.9
89.7
44.4
29.9
-22.8
low
low
low
low
15
40
35
46
39
92
54
39
42
32
38
36
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$











72.6
50.2
13.0
18.2
27.0
15.0
53.2
5.1
11.3
24.1
10.3
1.6
0.8
-1.3
-2.1
8.2
-3.4
3.8
-1.9
0.4
2.0
5.7
2.9
-1.2
1.1
-2.4
-14.1
81.6
-11.2
34.4
-3.4
7.8
21.6
31.3
39.8
-42.8
high
average
average
low
average
average
average
low
low
low
average
average
42
22
9
11
26
39
24
74
64
33
45
49
60
4
1
31
30
25
98
81
67
59
44
64
39
40
38
39
33
35
39
43
42
33
37
35
$
$$$
$$
$$$$
$
$$$$
$$$
$
$$
$$$$
$$$$$
–














































N
Nurse Educators and Researchers
Nurse Managers
Nurserypersons
Nurses, Enrolled and Mothercraft
Nurses, Registered
Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers
O
Occupational and Environmental Health Professionals
Occupational Therapists
Optometrists and Orthoptists
Osteopaths and Chiropractors
P
Packers
Painting Trades Workers
Panelbeaters
Paramedics and Ambulance Officers
Pastrycooks and Bakers
Performing Arts Technicians
Personal Assistants
Personal Care Consultants
Personal Service Workers, Other
Pharmacists
Photographers
Photographic Developers and Printers
39
Employ’t
Nov 2012
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Unemploy’t
2012
Working
Median Median
Female
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Physiotherapists
Planners, Urban and Regional
Plant Operators, Chemical, Gas, Petroleum and Power
Plant Operators, Earthmoving
Plant Operators, Other Mobile
Plant Operators, Other Stationary
Plasterers
Plumbers
Podiatrists
Police
Policy and Intelligence Analysts
Postal Deliverers and Couriers
Primary Products Inspectors
Printers
Printers and Photographic Developers
Printing Assistants and Table Workers
Prison Officers
Process Workers, Meat, Poultry and Seafood
Process Workers, Metal Engineering
Process Workers, Timber and Wood
Product Assemblers
Product Quality Controllers
Psychiatrists
Psychologists
Public Relations Professionals
14.9
14.5
8.9
53.4
11.3
24.4
27.1
72.8
3.9
59.7
22.7
39.3
4.8
14.4
1.6
5.5
12.3
22.9
10.6
6.1
33.1
16.8
2.9
20.0
19.8
-1.7
3.0
-0.4
-1.4
2.0
8.0
-4.9
4.4
0.2
14.7
10.9
-3.7
-0.8
-3.4
-1.2
-0.2
3.7
8.8
-4.9
-4.4
-14.2
-1.7
-0.7
4.8
4.5
-10.0
26.1
-4.2
-2.5
21.2
48.9
-15.3
6.4
6.3
32.7
92.2
-8.6
-14.9
-19.2
-42.8
-2.9
42.8
62.7
-31.4
-41.9
-30.1
-9.3
-20.2
31.7
29.6
low
low
low
average
average
average
average
average
low
low
low
low
average
average
average
average
low
average
high
high
average
average
low
low
average
38
19
5
11
20
9
21
12
35
8
19
28
25
11
49
34
9
23
12
19
16
19
30
45
27
69
42
3
2
9
7
1
1
61
25
60
19
32
12
64
49
25
29
6
9
26
45
41
77
71
35
36
45
42
38
43
35
33
35
37
37
46
43
42
35
43
44
36
38
39
41
43
48
42
33
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$
–
$$
$$$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$



















































































3.7
77.4
190.0
2.8
4.8
34.4
-0.8
12.6
6.9
0.2
1.1
2.9
-18.0
19.5
3.7
7.6
28.8
9.1
average
average
average
low
low
low
8
19
53
29
14
26
2
48
95
5
54
57
42
43
40
43
36
32
$$$$$
$$$
$
$$$
$$$$
$$
























4.6
17.7
511.0
13.5
30.9
14.4
98.0
35.3
1.5
36.8
13.6
23.4
18.6
8.7
18.5
7.6
19.4
14.1
4.6
23.6
3.5
77.0
50.2
11.4
10.9
-3.2
9.3
35.9
-3.2
-1.8
1.1
2.5
11.6
-1.2
6.9
-0.3
8.9
-3.3
4.0
2.4
1.4
1.1
2.7
-3.2
5.2
-2.2
-40.2
0.0
3.3
-6.3
-41.2
111.6
7.6
-19.2
-5.5
7.9
2.6
49.0
-44.1
22.9
-2.5
61.0
-15.2
87.2
14.6
21.7
6.2
24.0
-41.0
28.4
-38.6
-34.3
0.0
40.1
-36.7
low
average
average
average
low
average
average
low
average
low
high
average
low
low
low
low
average
low
low
low
average
low
average
average
low
14
48
71
35
70
9
15
10
54
13
53
48
4
21
27
17
20
17
22
27
18
53
30
67
40
18
43
69
39
93
25
34
28
55
15
48
66
55
35
51
22
40
38
49
69
25
98
16
48
82
47
33
26
26
25
37
40
40
38
38
43
33
50
36
40
42
36
39
37
37
43
47
40
30
49
$$$$
$
$
$$
$
$$$
$$$
$$$$
$
$$
$$
$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$
$$
$$$
$
$



























































































R
Railway Track Workers
Real Estate Sales Agents
Receptionists
Recycling and Rubbish Collectors
Retail and Wool Buyers
Retail Supervisors
S
Safety Inspectors
Sales Assistants and Salespersons, Other
Sales Assistants, ICT
Sales Assistants, Pharmacy
Sales Professionals, ICT
Sales Representatives
Sales Representatives, Technical
Sales Support Workers, Other
Salespersons, Motor Vehicle and Vehicle Parts
Salespersons, Street Vendors and Related
Salespersons, Ticket
School Principals
Science Professionals, Other Natural and Physical
Science Technicians
Scientists, Agricultural and Forestry
Scientists, Environmental
Scientists, Food and Wine, and Chemists
Scientists, Life
Scientists, Medical Laboratory
Screen Printers, Binders and Finishers
Secretaries
Security Officers and Guards
Service Station Attendants
Sewing Machinists
40
Employ’t
Nov 2012
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Unemploy’t
2012
Working
Median Median
Female
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Shearers
Sheetmetal Trades Workers
Shelf Fillers
Signwriters
Social Professionals
Social Workers
Software and Applications Programmers
Solicitors
Speech Pathologists and Audiologists
Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials
Sportspersons
Stonemasons and Bricklayers
Storepersons
Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers
Structural Steel Construction Workers
Surgeons
Survey Interviewers
Surveyors and Cartographers
Switchboard Operators
3.7
6.9
67.2
5.6
11.1
25.8
80.5
69.7
7.1
37.5
11.7
22.6
120.6
86.5
27.8
8.0
5.2
15.0
4.6
-0.7
-1.1
-33.8
-2.1
2.5
10.1
-4.7
28.1
0.2
12.1
1.0
-12.2
8.5
8.5
10.9
3.6
-0.4
1.6
-1.0
-16.3
-14.3
-33.5
-27.1
29.2
64.0
-5.6
67.4
3.3
47.4
9.1
-34.9
7.6
10.9
64.9
83.7
-7.1
11.6
-17.5
low
low
average
average
average
low
average
low
low
average
average
average
average
average
average
low
average
low
low
32
7
79
19
56
35
11
15
43
79
57
22
23
8
11
13
82
13
48
3
1
40
13
63
83
16
46
93
51
21
1
18
1
1
16
61
13
83
38
36
25
39
44
41
35
38
34
23
22
37
38
36
34
44
37
38
44
$
$
$
$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$
$$$
$$$
$
$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$$
$








































































23.7
1.2
155.2
150.5
17.3
35.9
8.3
13.6
5.5
6.3
10.0
3.8
56.2
5.1
54.9
26.4
24.7
18.5
5.5
21.8
10.4
8.5
18.5
6.2
18.3
3.5
26.1
13.7
8.6
10.9
27.1
10.0
9.6
11.6
2.6
-4.2
2.6
4.5
-3.4
-3.3
4.1
1.2
1.3
-0.8
3.3
3.7
10.0
2.4
1.2
-5.2
-3.5
-2.4
2.6
0.8
-8.2
-1.2
-0.5
1.5
-1.2
2.6
3.6
72.6
6.6
8.4
17.8
-10.4
45.3
50.2
-38.6
-34.4
70.0
47.1
2.3
-12.9
6.4
16.4
68.4
14.6
29.1
-19.2
-25.0
-21.9
16.6
13.9
-31.0
-26.4
-1.8
12.5
-12.2
30.4
15.4
low
low
low
low
low
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
average
low
average
low
low
low
average
low
high
average
average
average
low
low
low
low
average
low
low
46
18
37
26
46
43
62
11
11
11
9
20
10
52
16
43
6
27
8
15
58
27
23
12
27
33
21
25
15
47
79
98
66
85
60
86
50
80
13
7
7
6
35
10
87
21
78
11
51
7
3
62
1
2
3
80
48
56
7
5
70
70
39
36
41
43
47
48
49
36
41
41
41
40
40
48
33
40
42
40
43
41
33
31
36
46
35
42
41
39
45
36
38
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$
$$$$
$
$$$
$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$
$$$
$
$$
$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$
























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
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
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











































































47.4
4.5
1.8
1.6
3.9
55.8
low
low
39
19
47
9
45
45
$$$$$
$






12.7
4.9
8.9
-3.2
-1.1
-1.7
-20.3
-18.3
-16.4
low
average
average
16
10
9
22
3
2
42
39
33
$$$$$
$$
$









T
Teachers, Early Childhood (Pre-primary School)
Teachers, Middle School
Teachers, Primary School
Teachers, Secondary School
Teachers, Special Education
Teachers, Vocational Education
Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
Technicians and Draftspersons, Civil Engineering
Technicians and Draftspersons, Electrical Engineering
Technicians and Draftspersons, Electronic Engineering
Technicians and Draftspersons, Mechanical Engineering
Technicians, Agricultural
Technicians, Architectural, Building and Surveying
Technicians, Gallery, Library and Museum
Technicians, ICT Support
Technicians, Medical
Technicians, Other Building and Engineering
Technicians, Science
Telecommunications Technical Specialists
Telecommunications Trades Workers
Telemarketers
Tilers, Roof
Tilers, Wall and Floor
Toolmakers and Engineering Patternmakers
Tourism and Travel Advisers
Trainers, ICT
Training and Development Professionals
Transport Professionals, Air
Transport Professionals, Marine
Travel Attendants
Tutors and Teachers, Private
U
University Lecturers and Tutors
Upholsterers
V
Valuers and Land Economists
Vehicle Body Builders and Trimmers
Vehicle Painters
41
Employ’t
Nov 2012
5 year change
to Nov 2012
Unemploy’t
2012
Working
Median Median
Female
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Vending Machine Attendants
Veterinarians
Veterinary Nurses
Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals
Visual Merchandisers
7.0
10.6
13.4
9.1
6.2
0.4
2.7
4.3
-0.7
-0.7
6.2
34.6
47.4
-6.9
-10.7
low
low
low
low
low
56
27
51
50
51
63
55
97
56
86
38
39
27
48
36
$
$$$$
$
$$$$
$$














115.8
11.1
86.5
48.9
21.9
4.7
15.3
4.7
8.5
4.3
1.0
-1.7
15.3
71.7
10.9
9.6
4.7
-27.0
high
average
average
low
average
low
82
20
8
35
34
22
78
17
1
74
76
16
21
30
36
42
41
44
$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$


























W
Waiters
Web Developers and Multimedia Specialists
Welding Trades and Structural Steel Workers
Welfare Support Workers
Welfare, Recreation and Community Arts Workers
Wood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers
DATA SOURCES
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)
• Labour Force, Australia, February 2013 (cat. no. 6202.0)
• Labour Force, Australia, Detailed - Electronic Delivery,
November 2012 (cat. no. 6291.0.55.001)
• Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, November 2012
(cat. no. 6291.0.55.003)
• Census of Population and Housing, August 2001, August 2006
and August 2011
• Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership,
Australia, August 2012 (cat. no. 6310.0)
• Education and Training Experience, 2009 (cat no. 6278.0)
Throughout Australian Jobs 2013, employment data at the national
and state level are trend (where possible). Employment data at the
regional level are twelve month averages. Employment data for
occupations at the industry level are four quarter averages.
For many small occupations, standard errors are large. Although
trend data are used for occupation employment estimates,
employment growth trends are variable for small occupations and
should be used with caution
All population, employment profile and workforce educational data
were sourced through the Census TableBuilder Pro or DataPacks in
January 2013.
For consistency across data sets, employment is ‘total’ and includes
full time or part time workers of all ages. Statistics exclude the
Census category ‘Employed, away from work’ (that is, those who
stated they worked but did not provide the number of hours worked
or worked zero hours in the week prior to Census Night,
approximately 3.8% of Census respondents).
Educational attainment data are generally for all workers, but the
figures included in the chart on page 31 relate to the working age
population (15 to 64).
Department of Education, Employment
and Workplace Relations (DEEWR)
• Employment Projections to November 2017 for Industries,
Occupations and Skill Level, available at www.deewr.gov.au/lmip
• Skill Shortage research at www.deewr.gov.au/skillshortages
42
Department of Innovation, Industry,
Climate Change, Science, Research
and Tertiary Education (DIICCSRTE)
• Student: Selected Higher Education Statistics, various issues
For Skill Level Attainment (page 30) the Department of Innovation
used 2001 and 2011 ABS Census data to estimate net changes in
the educational attainment levels of the labour force. The changes
are decomposed into the contributions of four cohorts:
1.Young Entrants – those aged 15-34 in 2011 less those aged
15-24 in 2001 (non-new migrant)
2.Prime Age Workers – those aged 35-54 in 2011 less those aged
25-44 in 2001 (non-new migrant)
3.Retirement Age Workers – those aged 55+ in 2011 less those
aged 45+ in 2001 (non-new migrant)
4.New Migrants – those who arrived in Australia between 2001
and 2011.
Graduate Careers Australia (GCA)
• GradStats, 2012
• Graduate Destinations (some data are from customised tables
produced for DEEWR)
• Graduate Salaries.
Bachelor and Master degree employment outcomes are a
proportion of those who were available for full time employment.
National Centre for Vocational Education
Research (NCVER)
• Students and Courses, 2011 (Revised August 2012)
• Student Outcomes, various issues
• Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth Publications
(Papers 2546 and 2398)
Some data extracted through VOCSTATS, tables generated
March 2013.
HOW TO ACCESS EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
FURTHER INFORMATION
Help if you are looking for work
Help in the workplace
There is a wide range of Government assistance available to
help you. The following is summary in nature but can guide you
to further information.
Fair Work Ombudsman – fairwork.gov.au
The Fair Work Ombudsman is a single point of contact for advice
and help on workplace rights and responsibilities, including pay and
conditions. For further information call 13 13 94.
Centrelink – humanservices.gov.au
Centrelink is part of the Department of Human Services. Centrelink
delivers a range of payments and services to support people,
including those who are looking for work, and can provide referrals
to Job Services Australia providers.
Job Services Australia – deewr.gov.au/jsa
Job Services Australia is the Australian Government’s national
employment services system, with providers in more than
2,000 locations across Australia.
Job Services Australia provides job seekers with one-on-one
assistance and tailored support to help find and keep a job.
It can offer specialised services for jobs seekers, such as people
with disability, mature age job seekers, young job seekers,
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, or job seekers
from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
All job seekers entitled to work in Australia, including those who
are not receiving income support, can receive assistance through
Job Services Australia. For further information call 13 62 68.
Australian JobSearch – jobsearch.gov.au
JobSearch is an Australian Government website that assists job
seekers to find employment and employers to find staff. It is a free
resource that lists thousands of jobs, as well as links to a range of
other employment websites.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples –
indigenous.gov.au and deewr.gov.au/indigenous
There are many policies and programs to assist Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander peoples in the areas of early childhood,
schooling, employment and economic independence.
Disability Employment Services – jobaccess.gov.au
and deewr.gov.au/disability-employment-services
Disability Employment Services help job seekers with disability,
injury or health conditions to prepare for, find and keep a job in
open employment.
JobAccess provides advice on disability employment related
matters to people with disability and to employers. For further
assistance call 1800 464 800.
Mature-Age – deewr.gov.au/experience
The Experience+ initiative supports mature-age people to
participate in the workforce. It includes free career information and
advice for people aged 45 years and over. Employers can also get
assistance to develop workplace practices that assist them to
employ mature-age workers and to keep them working in their
business for longer. For further assistance call 13 17 64.
Youth – youth.gov.au and transitions.youth.gov.au
There are many activities and initiatives to support young people.
These include help to complete school and to successfully transition
to further education, training and employment.
Fair Work Commission – www.fwc.gov.au
The Fair Work Commission is the national workplace relations tribunal.
It carries out a range of functions including resolution of unfair
dismissals and a range of collective and individual workplace disputes
through conciliation, mediation and in some cases arbitration.
Help if you have lost your job
Fair Entitlements Guarantee – deewr.gov.au/feg
This scheme provides financial assistance to employees who have lost
their job as a result of their employer going bankrupt or into liquidation.
It is a safety net that covers unpaid employment entitlements for
wages (up to 13 weeks), annual and long service leave, payment in
lieu of notice (maximum five weeks) and redundancy pay (maximum
four weeks per year of service). It replaces the General Employee
Entitlements and Redundancy Scheme.
Help when considering further education
or training
Apprenticeships and Traineeships – aapathways.com.au
and australianapprenticeships.gov.au
Australian Apprenticeships combine work with training and can
be full-time, part-time or school-based. They are available to
anyone of working age, and do not require any entry qualifications.
There are a range of incentives to assist Australian Apprentices and
their employers.
Higher Education – myuniversity.gov.au
MyUniversity is an online database that provides information about
Australian universities and other higher education providers, and
allows users to search university courses.
Study Assist – studyassist.gov.au
This Australian Government site provides information about
financing tertiary study. Student loans are available in both the
higher education and vocational education and training sectors.
Vocational Education and Training – myskills.gov.au
and training.gov.au
These online databases connect students and employers with
vocational education and training organisations. They provide
information on training packages, qualifications, courses and units
of competency.
Help to explore career options
Job Guide – jobguide.deewr.gov.au
Job Guide is a career information resource that provides an
in-depth look at more than 500 occupations and their education
and training pathways.
MyFuture – myfuture.edu.au
This is a national career exploration website which assists
individuals to plan their careers. The website includes
comprehensive tools to help identify interests, skills needs
occupational requirements and education and training providers.
43
A13_0001
AUSTRALIAN
JOBS 2013
ISSN 1832-7230

Australian jobs 2013 - Career Development Association of Australia

Transcription

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