PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL MODIFIED KAUAYAN

PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF THERMALLY
MODIFIED KAUAYAN-TINIK
(Bambusa blumeana Schltes f.)
R.A Natividad and J.P. Jimenez Jr.
Paper presented to the 10th World Bamboo Congress Sept. 17-22, 2015
Damyang, Korea
Introduction
What is Thermal Modification (TM) of
lignocellulosic material (LM)?
¤  a
process of subjecting solid LM to
temperature between 150 to 240°C for
several hours in an atmosphere with low
oxygen content
2
Decay
Dimensional
instability
Insect attack
¤  basic
aim of TM is to improve dimensional
stability and biological durability of LM
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF TM WOOD
Ø  Started in Late 1990s in Europe
Ø  Some popular TM processes
ThermoWood - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Finland
PlatoWood
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Netherlands
RetifiedWood - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - France
Menz Holz (oil-heat treated) - - - - - Germany
Stellac Wood - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Malaysia
(from Finland)
Ecology Dry System (EDS) - - - - - - Japan
High Temperature Kiln/ TM Chamber
5
ThermoWood Processes
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
6
METHODOLOGY
Methodology
Butt & Middle portion
of the culm
Air Drying of
2 ft length
Quarter splitting
of culm
Methodology
Thermal Modification
Methodology
Experimental Design – Simple CRD analysis for the control VS treated
- 2-factor factorial among the treated samples
Variable Factors: Temperature : (150, 175 and 200°C)
Duration : (30 and 60 min)
Test Parameters:
1.  Weight loss
2.  Moisture Content (MC)
3.  Relative Density
4.  Water Absorption (WA)
5.  Thickness and Width Swelling (TS and WS)
6.  Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of
Elasticity (MOE)
RESULTS
Color Change
RESULTS
28
26
24
22
20
Weight Loss (%)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Control 150-30
150-60
175-30
175-60
200-30
Temperature-Duration, oC-min
200-60
RESULTS
10
Moisture Content (%)
8
6
4
2
0
Control 150-30
150-60
175-30
175-60
200-30
Temperature-Duration, oC-min
200-60
RESULTS
0.8
0.7
Relative Density
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Control 150-30
150-60
175-30
175-60
200-30
Temperature-Duration, oC-min
200-60
RESULTS
6.0
5.5
Thickness Swelling (%)
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Control 150-30
150-60
175-30
175-60
200-30
Temperature-Duration, oC-min
200-60
RESULTS
5.5
5.0
4.5
Width Swelling (%)
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Control
150-30
150-60
175-30
175-60
200-30
Temperature-Duration, oC-min
200-60
RESULTS
6000
5500
5000
4500
MOE (MPa)
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Control 150-30
150-60
175-30
175-60
200-30
Temperature-Duration, °C-min
200-60
RESULTS
MOR (MPa)
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Control 150-30
150-60
175-30
175-60
200-30
Temperature-Duration, °C-min
200-60
Summary & Conclusions
Thermal Modification
•  Improves the dimensional stability as shown by
the reduced TS & WS
•  Apparently increases the MOE and MOR up to
175°C and decreases beyond this temperature
•  Change in color after thermal modification could
be used to create new product designs
PROTOTYPE PRODUCTS
Laptop Holder
Decorative Table Top
THANK YOU
AND
GOOD DAY!!