evaluation of adhesives on

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF
ADHESIVES ON
ENGINEERED BAMBOO
by
Marina A. Alipon
Forest Products Research and
Development Institute (FPRDI), College,
Laguna, Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE
• EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 879 – May 10, 2010
government commitment – develop the bamboo
industry – value chain approach for a market-driven
products/business development.
SIGNIFICANCE
E -BAMBOO – binding together strips, slats,
strands, particles with a suitable adhesives to
form composite materials.
used in variety of ways similar to solid
wood products.
can be designed to meet application
specific requirements.
Objectives of the Study
• Evaluate the performance of adhesives on the
properties of bamboos
• Kawayan tinik
• Giant bamboo
Adhesives
• PVAC
•
UF
Preparation of Samples
• Scraped the green outer skin of bamboo culm
Cut the culms every 3m
Sliced into strips
Planed
Preparation
of Samples
Sorted and matched
Dried to 8 -10% MC
Glued
Pressed
Properties tested
Adhesives
• PVAC commercially prepared
Adhesive # 1 - PVA glue with 50%minimum
solid content, water resistant
properties
meets the D3 Standard.
Adhesive #1
• Emulsion Properties
• % Solids
50
• Viscosity, 250C
8,000-13,000cps
• Appearance/color
white
• pH
2.5-4.0
• Specific Gravity
1.08-1.10
• Storage
Excellent
Adhesive # 2 - wood working adhesive (D3)
with low water resistance
Adhesive #2
• Emulsion Properties
• % Solids
54-56
• Viscosity, 250C
4,000-8,000cps
• Appearance
white opaque
• pH
4-5
• Specific Gravity
1.08-1.10
• Storage
Excellent
Adhesive 3
Urea-formaldehyde resin designed for
bonding interior grade hardwood plywood
Glue # 3
• Specifications
• % Solids
• Viscosity 250C
49-51
•
•
•
•
•
1.190-1.210
7.6-8.0
Water
0.8% max
1 month
SG at 250C
pH
Solvent
Free formaldehyde
Storage life
150-290cps
Adhesives
• UF adhesive # 3
Components
Parts by weight
UF
200
Catalyst
10
Industrial wheat flour
40
Water
50
Properties Evaluation
Measures the suitability of the materials for various
end-uses.
moisture content
bending (MOR, MOE)
hardness
shear (bond strength)
delamination
Delamination
• Soak on water – 6 hrs.
• Oven-dry – 18 hrs at 40 + 30C
• Delamination – not more than 1/3 of the total
length of the line
Properties Testing
ASTM D1037: 2012, D3499: 2005
Results
• Static Bending
• Modulus of Rupture (MOR) – measures the
magnitude of load required to cause failure of the
material.
• Modulus of elasticity – measures the ability of the
material to regain its original shape after the load is
removed
Table 1. Mean mechanical properties of Ebamboo with various adhesives.
Species
Adhesive
Kawayan.
tinik
I
Static Bending
MOR
MOE
(MPa)
(GPa)
132.6
15.1
II
III
I
98.2
79.0
96.9
13.5
10.2
14.3
II
III
94.4
78.8
13.3
10.0
Giant
bamboo
Table 1. Mean mechanical properties of E-bamboo
Species
Adhesive Hardness RD
Kawayan
tinik
Giant
bamboo
I
(kN)
5.95
0.715
II
III
5.05
3.95
0.710
0.642
I
6.06
0.648
II
III
4.66
3.17
0.619
0.648
Table 1. Mean mechanical properties of E-bamboo
Species
K. tinik
G. bam
Adhesive
Shear
MC
MPa
(%)
I
5.97
10.3
II
3.77
10.4
III
4.74
10.5
I
4.49
10.5
II
5.12
10.0
III
4.55
10.1
Table 1. Mean mechanical properties of E-bamboo
Species
Adhesive
Shear
RD
TS
K. tinik
UF
PVAc
Dry
(MPa)
3.34
4.39
Wet
(MPa)
0.533 0.508
0.483 0.582
24 hrs
(%)
3.23
4.22
G. bam
UF
PVAc
2.59
2.96
0.932 0.566
0.037 0.538
5.26
4.52
Table2. ANOVA on the effect of adhesives on
properties of E-bamboo
Source
Kauyan
tinik
Model
Error
Corrected
Total
R2
CV (%)
DF
2
6
8
MOR
MS
F-Value
2150
89.4
88
9
24.1**
MOE
MS
F-Value
19.2
0.91
21.2**
88
7
Table2. ANOVA on the effect of adhesives on
properties of E-bamboo
SV
D
F
Kawayan
tinik
Shear
FValue
MS
FValue
MS
FValue
17.0**
3.03 13.8**
0.005
4.76ns
0.21
0.001
2
3.68
Error
6
0.22
Corrected
Total
8
CV (%)
Relative
Density
MS
Model
R2
Hardness
85
10
82
9
61
5
Table 2. ANOVA on the effect of adhesives on
properties of E-bamboo
Source
Giant
Bamboo
Model
Error
Corrected
Total
R2
CV (%)
DF
2
6
8
MOR
MS
F-Value
289.7
61.9
60
9
4.68ns
MOE
MS
F-Value
14.9
0.77
19.3**
86
7
Table 2 . ANOVA on the effect of adhesives on
properties of E-bamboo
SV
D
F
Giant
Bamboo
Shear
MS
Model
2 289.7
Error
6
Corrected
Total
8
R2
CV (%)
61.9
60
9
Hardness
FValue
MS
4.7ns
FValue
Relative
Density
MS
FValue
14.9 19.3**
0.0009
0.22ns
0.77
0.0039
86
7
6
9.8
Table 3. DMRT for properties of E-bamboo.
Adhesive MOR
MOE
Shear
Hard- Relative
ness Density
Kawayan
tinik
I
132.6a 15.1a 5.98a
5.95a 0.72a
II
98.2b
13.5a 3.77b
5.05a 0.71a
III
79.9b
10.2b 4.74c
3.95b 0.64a
Table 3. DMRT for properties of E-bamboo
Adhesive MOR
MOE
Shear
.
Hard- Relative
ness Density
Giant
Bamboo
1
96.9a
14.3a 4.49a
6.06a 0.65a
II
94.4a
13.3a 5.12a
4.66b 0.62a
III
78.7a
10.0b 4.55a
3.17c 0.65a
No delamination – meets the Philippine National
Standard PNS 196:2000.
• Total cost for gluing 200 x 1000 mm E-bamboo
board/floor tiles
Year 2013
Adhesive 1 = 75
Adhesive II = 24
Adhesive III = 15.60
Conclusion
• Strength properties of E-bamboo
glued with PVAc (Adhesive #1) are better than
the
other adhesives
Adhesive #2 generally higher than Adhesive #3
Cost of adhesives
UF (Adhesive #3) preferred
Recommendation
• Continuing search
– on glue modification to lower the cost
– Indigenous source of adhesives
– Durability of E-bamboo with various types of
adhesives
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• Products Research Forest and Development
Institute (FPRDI)/Department of Science and
Technology (DOST), College, Laguna,
Philippines
• Philippine National Research Council
(NRCP)/DOST
THANK
YOU!