Requirements Engineering in the Automotive Industry

Transcription

Requirements Engineering in the Automotive Industry:
From the Praxis – for the Praxis.
2012 Kiew
1
Automotive Industry in Germany
Germany is and remains the auto country number 1!
The six major car manufacturers:
make Germany the classical auto country
2
Automotive Industry in Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is Germany's “No. 1 Car Region”
Every fifth in Europe newly registered vehicle carries the quality seal "Made
in Germany“!
Baden-Württemberg is the centre of the German motor
industry. Almost one third of turnover generated by the whole
sector in Germany, around 112 billion Euros, is realized in BadenWürttemberg, more than in any other German state.
Baden-Württemberg’s vehicle manufacturers and suppliers
employ more than 334,000 people, which means that almost
every fourth job in manufacturing is in this sector.
The three large OEM (an original equipment manufacturer)
works in the state Daimler, Porsche and Audi have a major
effect in stimulating innovative suppliers.
Around 40 vehicle and motor manufacturers, as well as 237
companies which count as direct suppliers to the vehicle industry,
are based in Baden-Württemberg.
In total almost 740 companies are represented in BadenWürttemberg, which corresponds to around one third of all
German businesses in the automotive industry
(see [1])
3
XTRONIC - Excellence in Engineering
XTRONIC System Solutions:
Telematic/Multimedia
Video entertainment systems
Many drivers wish for the best high end multimedia systems with the newest
technological innovations. Our expertise in telematic/multimedia and display
technology allows us to develop system solutions for suppliers and OEMs for
series production in accordance with Automotive SPICE® and we offer our
services throughout the entire development process
Electric Mobility
Electric scooter "e-Schwalbe"
Electric mobility is the wave of the future. Quiet, powerful and environmentally
friendly drive systems and a fascinating driving experience has been the goal
which has inspired us to develop e-mobility solutions, like our electric scooter
“e-Schwalbe”.
Electronic Drive Systems
"drive-by-wire"
Already common place in aeronautics and aerospace drive-by-wire is still a vision
for the automotive industry, and only until it has been proven to be safe and reliable
can it become an option for automobiles. For people with handicaps drive-by-wire
has a special meaning, freedom. Mobility opens a whole new world of freedom,
independence and joy in life. These are our incentives for developing a safe and
reliable drive-by-wire system
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XTRONIC: Core Competences
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XTRONIC: Requirements Engineering
XTRONIC consults their customers on requirement methods and creates REinfrastructure. To support the processes we use DOORS® amongst others. Further
tasks of the requirements engineering are the creation of the DOORS® infrastructure,
database design, support and training.
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XTRONIC: References
XTRONIC maintains successful long lasting cooperative partnerships with its customers.
The following well known OEM’s, suppliers and other customers have come to rely on
XTRONIC as a trusted service- and development partner and system supplier (extract):
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Speaker
Dr.-Ing. Irene Koschel
Company: XTRONIC GmbH
Position:
Head of Requirements Engineering and RE-Academy
[email protected]
About Speaker
14 years experience in IT and 10 years at the universities.
IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering
Scope of interests: requirements engineering and management,
training and support, process and methods consulting, project management,
system analyse
8
SMR is...
...a global tier 1 supplier to the automotive industry with focus on electro-mechanical
systems
...a leading exterior mirror manufacturer globally and a pioneer for intelligent camera
systems
...a member of US$ 4.14 billion automotive specialist Samvardhana Motherson Group
9
SMR is SMG’s division for Rear Vision Systems
and related products and technologies
External sales FY2011/12: € 841 million
Exterior mirrors 90%
(as per IFRS)
Other products 3%
Camera systems 3%
Interior mirrors 4%
Exterior Mirrors
Interior Mirrors
Other Products
 Exterior mirrors
 Interior mirrors
 Fuel filler door modules
 Camera based Blind Spot Detection
 Toll collect system integration
 Door handles
 Integrated turn signals
 Integrated displays
 Interior and exterior lighting
 ADAS signal lamps
 Integrated lighting
 Switches, cables, electronics
 Electric actuators
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Electronic systems
SMR develops and manufactures most of self-applied
electronic devices
in-house
Hardware and software development (e.g. image
processing)
Production in house and with specialized partners
SMR is among the leading experts for environment
sensing systems
Expert for electrical distribution systems (i.e. wiring
harnesses):
MSSL in the corporate network
SMR’s products are ideal for the integration of control,
communication, driver assist and environment
detecting systems
Optimal locations on the vehicle
Existing connections to diverse on-board electrical
systems
Plastic exterior mirror housings are ideal e.g. for antenna
integration
Blind spot detection system
LIN Bus modules and other control units
Circuit boards for LED lighting
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Driver assistant systems
Video based blind spot detection systems
The first mirror that can see!
In the market since 2005 (all Volvo models)
Activation of warning light when vehicles enter blind spot in
defined traffic situations
Integration of the complete system in the exterior mirror
(camera sensor and Advantage: Camera module and exterior
mirror from same source
image processing)
Plug and Play architecture with self calibration!
Technology received numerous awards
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Next generation vision based sensor technology
Examples of features tested with new
technology:








Blind Spot Detection
Lane Change Assist
Lane Departure Warning
Safe Exit Assist (warning of passing vehicles and
cycles)
180° / 360° Bird View Display
Intelligent Back-up camera
Corner View
Mirror replacement cameras (exterior and interior)

Multi-talent: SMR’s new generation camera technology

New technologies developed by SMR enable a wide range of solutions for
driver assist features
 Modular hard- and software architecture  multiple functions operated by same
basic technology
 System is capable to integrate multiple driver assistance and comfort features in
1 sensor system
 Reduction of cost, space, weight and power consumption
 Simplification: Only 1 interface to the vehicle for all integrated systems / only
one system partner
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Next generation vision based sensor technology
Detection of moving objects
“Intelligent” cameras are capable
of recognising and tracking
moving objects by means of
highly-complex image processing
technology that compares real
images with virtual real-time
simulations.
Detection of road marking and
traffic signs
Compared to other sensing
technologies such as radar and
ultrasound, intelligent camera
systems can detect road markings
and read traffic signs
Provision of life video images
High-resolution cameras provide best
quality images to screens. Since no
other sensor technology than cameras
can provide real images, this is a big
advantage. Even the complete
replacement of interior and exterior
mirrors is possible
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Speakers
Dipl.-Ing. Sergej Schmidt
Company: SMR Automotive Mirrors Stuttgart GmbH
Position:
Software Architeсt
[email protected]
About Speaker
10 years experience in the field of system engineering in the automotive industry.
Scope of interests: systems and software engineering, software development,
testing, requirements engineering and management, project management, system
modeling and design, processes.
15
SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
Our goal is: to reach higher process maturity
according to Automotive SPICE, based on
our own standards and best practices
16
Agenda
Automotive Requirements in History
Special feature in the automotive industry
Standardization in the automotive industry
Specification Agreement Process
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
From the Praxis: SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
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Automotiv Requirements in Historie
It all started exactly 126 years ago with a three-wheeled cart powered by a petrol engine.
1886: Carl-Friedrich Benz builds and patents the first petrol car, a three-wheeled
vehicle with an internal combustion engine and electric ignition.
1887: Completely independently of Carl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler from Stuttgart builds a
car and founds the motor company Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG).
On April 2, 1900 Emil Jellinek commissions DMG to build a more competitive car for
the next race season, with:
an output of at least 35 hp
a lighter engine and
a lover centre of gravity
to be named after his ten-year-old
daughter, “Mercedes”
Mercedes Jellinek
1926: Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft and Benz & Cie. merge to form Daimler-Benz AG.
1963: The Porsche 911, probably Germany's best known sports car, goes into
production.
(see [2])
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That is true, a car is not a luxury…
An automobile is not a luxury, but a means of transportation
(The book “The Little Golden Calf” (1931) by Ilf and Petrov)
19
Automotive Requirements today…
Increase in electronics and software
Increased networking and complexity of functions
The triumphal march of the processors in modern cars is impressive!
For example: over 10 millions lines of code in Ampera, the hybrid model
of Opel.
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If computers were cars ... Microsoft vs. GM
Year 1998.
At a recent computer expo (COMDEX), Bill Gates reportedly
compared the computer industry with the auto industry and
stated:
If General Motors (GM) had kept up with technology like
the computer industry has, we would all be driving twentyfive dollar cars that got 1,000 miles to the gallon.
(see [3])
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If computers were cars ... GM vs. Microsoft
In response to Bill’s comments, General Motors issued
a press release stating (by Mr. Welch himself):
If General Motors (GM) had developed technology like Microsoft, we would all be
driving cars with the following characteristics:
For no reason whatsoever your car would crash twice a day
Every time they painted new lines on the road you would have to buy a new car
Occasionally your car would die on the freeway for no reason, and you would just
accept this, restart and drive on
Occasionally, executing a manoeuvre such as a left turn, would cause your car to
shut down and refuse to restart, in which case you would have to reinstall the
engine
Only one person at a time could use the car, unless you bought “Car95″ or
“CarNT”. But then you would have to buy more seats.
(The full version see [3])
22
But now seriously…
What is the difference between application software and software for the car?
The infamous solution for all kinds of problems on your PC: Restart the computer!
It is unthinkable on the highway!
The SW-programs for the car must function reliably for years:
in heat and cold,
in dirt and moisture,
on a slippery surface and
pothole routes
The series cars are not test subjects!
The drivers are not guinea pigs!
(see [4])
23
Need for a clear Requirements Specification
Requirements often documented with DOORS
The review process by the supplier typically based on SPICE
Process improvement based on SPICE
24
Agenda
Automotive Requirements in History
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
25
I'm sorry, we only
accept certified
suppliers!
Automotive
SPICE
Level 3
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Standardization in the automotive industry: SPICE
What is SPICE?
SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability
dEtermination) is the common name given to the 5th part of the
ISO norm 15504.
SPICE consists of 48 process areas each comprising results
(outcomes) and corresponding best practices (Base Practices) as
well as further information such as advice and work products.
These process areas cover all important elements of IT product
development, they are ordered into different categories and are
complementary.
For each SPICE process area a defined Capability Level can be
achieved.
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Standardization in the automotive industry:
Automotive SPICE®
What is Automotive SPICE®?
Automotive SPICE®: Improvement of IT development in the automotive
industry
Along with SPICE, Automotive SPICE® has been developed by
leading companies of the European automotive market.
Their goal was to adapt SPICE to the specific requirements of the
automobile manufacturer in order to be able to assess their suppliers
in a standard way.
For this purpose, 21 processes have been removed and 5 processes from the acquisition
part of the ISO 12207 model have been added. The remaining processes, for the most
part, represented a detailed description of existing professional practices.
The German automobile manufacturers Audi, BMW, DaimlerChrysler and VW agreed
on a minimal subset of 15 processes, called Hersteller Initiative Software (HIS)
Scope, which will be assessed by each manufacturer.
In the meantime, the HIS Scope of the Automotive SPICE® has been adopted by other
industries as a starting point for process improvement and scope for assessments.
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HIS Automotive SPICE® Scope
(see [5])
29
Automotive SPICE®: HIS Structure (OEM initiative software)
(see [6])
30
Automotive SPICE®: Capability Levels
Quantitative measures used for
process innovation and optimisation
Process measurement make process
Performance and results controllable
Predefined processes are deployed
and tailored for specific use
Our goal 
Level 2
Managed
Level 1
Performed
Level 0
Incomplete
Level 5
Optimizing
Level 4
Predictable
Level 3
Established
Process and work products are
Managed, responsibilities identified
Processes are intuitively performed,
Input and output products are available
Performance and results are
incomplete, chaotic processes
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Why Automotive SPICE®? Because:
Status quo of the software development process is determined
The self-assessment is the focus
The major processes (first) improves
Quality improvement takes place through process improvement
Supplying company can be measured by its own standard
IMPORTANT: A major challenge in Automotive SPICE is to interpret the rules correctly
and adapt to the specific problems in their own company.
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Automotive SPICE & V-Modell
ENG.1
Rq Elicitation
validation
OEM
------------------------------ENG.2
System Rq Analysis
ENG.10
System Testing
ENG.3
System Archit. Design
ENG.9
System Integration
ENG.4
SW/HW Rq Analysis
ENG.8
SW/HW Testing
ENG.5
SW/HW Design
verification
Supplier
ENG.7
SW/HW Integration
ENG.6
SW/HW Construction / Modultest
33
HIS Exchange Process for Requirements
(see [7])
34
Agenda
Automotive Requirements in Historie
Requirements Specification Process
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
35
Customer Specification (Lastenheft) Process: ENG.1
36
Specification Agreement Process: ENG.1 & ENG.2
In German, there is a clear distinction between Lastenheft (literally, “demand
booklet”, CRS) and Pflichtenheft (“duty booklet”, SyRS).
Supplier
OEM
DOORS
DOORS
CRS
Problem space: the customers provide
the first document, which defines what
they want (the customer demands)
SyRS
Solution space: the contractors provide
the second document, which explains how
they’ll build the system (the contractor duties).
37
CRS (Lastenheft) and SyRS (Pflichtenheft) in DOORS
38
CRS –Analyse in DOORS
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Agenda
Special feature in the automotive industrie
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
40
Traceability
What is Traceability?
The IEEE-610 Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology
defines traceability as:
the degree to which a relationship can be established between two or more products
of the development process;
the ability to describe and follow the life of a requirement, in both a forward and
backward direction.
Why Bi-Directional Traceability is required?
Bi-Directional Traceability contains both Forward & Backward Traceability:
forward traceability is from requirements to design to code to testcases;
backward traceability is on the reverse direction , that the end product has met
the requirements or not. 
It is very difficult to do this traceability without tool
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Specification Process: Traceability concept
TS
CRS
SyRS
TS
SyArch
Logistic
MechRS
HRS
CAD
1+
satisfies
TS
TS
SRS
Board
Layout
SArch
Requirement
TS
verifies
1+
42
Specification Process: Be-Traceability
CRS
SRS
TS
C
CRS
43
Traceability Analyse in IBM DOORS
 Traceability matrix
44
Agenda
Special feature in the automotive industrie
Standardization in the automotive industry:
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
45
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
What is DOORS?
is a Software:
for capturing requirements and specification contents
for creation of large system descriptions / customer requirements
Name definition: Dynamic Object Orientated Requirement Software
Beginning at DASA / EADS (1997)
Software manufacturer is IBM formet Telelogic
More than 700 companies worldwide
More than 1 Mio. sold licensis (IBM)
DOORS® is used by well know companies:
DOORS® is De-facto standard in the automotive industry
46
Conclusion: Why even DOORS? It will be better with …
Only in DOORS a „chapter“/text can be connected with additional any attributs
(Creator, history, valid for type, etc…)
Unique identification of requirements
Only in DOORS a „cell“ can contains any long text (more than in Excel)
DOORS have more than 65535 rows
DOORS has views. Personal Views of the data.
Right access down to a singel cell. In word only for the whole document
Versioning in modul/document without manipulation chance
History about all objects. Changes are traceable.
Access to DOORS ALWAYS over server. No local working copies  Always one valid
stand
Categorising of data not about formatting, but about specific choosen information.
There is never a perfect tool for your organization… But there is always a
better tool than Word!
47
Agenda
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
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Prerequisites for successful cooperation:
Convince employees and benefit make plausible
Select the method to the activities and tasks
Finding the means and tools to support process
Carry out training for convenient methods and tools
Continuous tracking of the project and the processes
49
From the Praxis – for the Praxis: Live Demo
Doors
50
Thank you for your attension!
Questions?
51
The car. The man. Not only - the woman too!
Did you know?
Women were the first - that drove away
1888: The first long distance journey in the Benz
Patent Motor Car, at the same time the first
promotional tour and the first continuous stress test
has been in the history of the car, undertook
a woman - Bertha Benz;
the breakthrough of the new, revolutionary German
invention succeeded in France thanks to a woman –
Louise Sarazin;
the first person who passed a driving licence check
was a woman – Herzogin Anne d’Uzès. She got, by
the way, also the first penal mandate for too quick
driving;
Pioneer of the car:
Bertha Benz – was a
pioneer for the spreading
of the motorized vehicles
and the first person who drove by the car around the
world, was, exactly, a woman – Clärenore Stinnes.
(see [8])
52
Thank you very much for your attension!
53
Sources list
[1] http://www.bw-invest.de/en/home/market-overview/sectors/mobility/automativemanufacturers-and-suppliers/the-automotive-industry-in-badenwuerttemberg.html
[2] http://www.germany.travel/fi/erikoisuudet/autojen-luvattumaa/historiaa/historiaa.html
[3]
http://jokes4all.net/joke_1564.html
[4]
http://www.spiegel.de/karriere/berufsstart/auto-industrie-informatiker-dringendgesucht-a-859701.html
[5]
http://portal.automotive-his.de/images/pdf/ProcessAssessment/his_processscope_automotivespice_v01.pdf
[6]
http://portal.automotivehis.de/images/pdf/Steuerkreis/his_praesentation_2007_v13.pdf
[7]
http://portal.automotive-his.de/images/pdf/SimulationandTools/his_ak-rerm_exchange_process-1.2_en.pdf
[8]
http://www.campushunter.de/dwn/regional/sommer_2011/campushunter_stuttga
rt.pdf
54
Picture credits
http://www.welpen.de/urlaub_hund/b16.gif
http://branchenknecht.de/grafiken/Baden-Wuerttemberg.jpg
http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRiVZnskNqfMsXIYnp8OaQLaqhzCDn5kNP9SG
aLMMNhewZmjPYUjcWX-FAy
http://www.emercedesbenz.com/Images/Apr08/17_History_Of_Mercedes_Benz_And_Thre
e_Pointed_Star/437205_715473_2599_3500_13974_CL0421.jpg
http://www.porsche.com/microsite/panamera-platinumedition/assets/images/background-splash/background/1.jpg
http://www.wipro.com/images/industries/automotive-electronics.gif
55
Picture credits
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jslzgmDCZw/TfkvozRkEpI/AAAAAAAAcmA/VUtKjmIMpfs/s640/comdex-2.bmp
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_lJj15zBuJQE/So1nj4fvpI/AAAAAAAAHhI/4vc73Jp6YHo/s400/Fight.jpg
http://www.sqi.gu.edu.au/spice/images/Logos/spice_logo.gif
http://www.elektronikpraxis.vogel.de/imgserver/bdb/172500/172573/4.jpg
56
Kontakt XTRONIC GmbH
Magstadt (Hauptsitz)
XTRONIC GmbH
Blumenstraße 44
71106 Magstadt
Fon +49 (0) 7159 / 420 842-0
Fax +49 (0) 7159 / 420 842-101
München
XTRONIC GmbH
Frankfurter Ring 162
80807 München
Fon +49 (0) 89 / 326 001 10
Fax +49 (0) 89 / 326 001 29
Wolfsburg
XTRONIC GmbH
John-F.-Kennedy-Allee 64
38444 Wolfsburg
Fon +49 (0) 5361 / 891 85 38
Fax +49 (0) 5361 / 891 85 39
www.xtronic.de
57

Requirements Engineering in the Automotive Industry

Transcription

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