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rutv ,kaka
kfhv
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t-trtu
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t"yhka ksbgn ojbn jhanv lkn r"unst
ivtxruthba
ayhuutcuhkn
,frgn hsh kg rutk tmuh
/h/b 'ihkeurc
"ohshxjv rmut"
vthrck anju ohaa ,utn gca ohpkt ,anj ,ba
jhanv ,ukud x ,ba tv , whv
t"yhka jhanv lkn r"unst e"fk s"ev ,ba
hhuuertp irgyxht 770
202
c"ba,wv yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a ,ujhan
ohtreba iuhfa 'rnuk vtrbu / c
trtu" h"ar aurhpc adsunf '4",uct"
ohbcvn vkgnk ov ,uctva '",uctv kt
,unab kf ruenu arua") ovk ruenu
hcdk vrh,h vkgn ovc ah '(5"ktrah
tka whuv oa vkd,b ohbcka ;t) ohbcv
/(,uctk vkd,b
od thv ,uctv ,kgna 'vzn vrh,hu
kgu '"whuv hbt" rntb uhkta van hcdk
_ h"bc kfk whuv oas hukhdv whv ush
v"cev uk rnt"a 6h"ar aurhpc rtucnf
'ihjf,an tku ihscts kg kcj (vank)
vcrv ',uctv ,,hn kg ibut,vk hk ah
tku h-sa k-tc ovhkg h,hkdb ohngp
una vn ,rnt v,tu lna vn hk urnt
v,tu h,usn rjt urvrv tk (,uctv) / /
/"v,ugrv vnk ,rnt
tuv ",uctv kt trtu"a 'lf hsf sgu
s"g) 8ohbcv kmt od hukhdv whvha 7orudv
,ufrc) "vakak tkt ,uctk ihrue iht" (4
oa j"u, /ub,arp ahr t"u, vfurtc vtru /c 'zy
/(lkhtu c"gx 'vm
/oa j"u,u t"u, (5
ubh,ucru" _ (ihbgv ouhxc) wcv whpc (6
iht"a c,ufa ;tu /"wuf vkgn ka ihbgk uvuars
ohhxn hrv '"wuf trenv rjt cahh,n arsnv
"wuf ars, varsvu / / uyuap kg trenv cahh,h"
/(lkhtu 27 wg t"fj a"uek vfurtc vtru)
ezj r,uh tuv orudv rcs kfa gushu (7
z"kr, vffu lanv vtr) ush kg ordba rcsvn
/(u"yp
tku ohbck vkd,ba) whuv oa hukhd odu (8
aurhpv s"g _ ,uctv jfc tuv (,uctk vkd,b
icv jf vph" (b"au /t"gx 'jn ,uguca) k"zrtnc
hcdk ("icv jf vph") icv ,kgn oda '"ctv jfn
tkt 'ctvs ,uhnmgvn '"ctv jfn" tuv ctv
vtr) icv kmt ot hf 'hukhdc tc tk ctv kmta
/(222 wg d"fj a"uek
kt trtu" _ ub,arp ,kj,vc /t
h-sa k-tc cegh ktu ejmh kt ovrct
runt ifk wudu ovk h,gsub tk whuv hnau
lhrm _ 1"wudu whuv hbt ktrah hbck
:ihcvk
,uctka ukt ohcu,f ifu,k gdubc (t
tku '"h-sa k-t"c er v"cev vkd,b
(v,g) vkd,h h"bck ukhtu 'whuv oac
_ (2,ushxj haursc rtucnf) whuv oac
'"(wud runt) ifk" iuakv oht,n lht
'uhbpka ihbgvn vtmu,u ccuxn tuva
tuv "wud ktrah hbck runt"a 'ubhhv
lphv _ 3"wud ovrct kt trtu"a kkdc
whvh h"bc kmta ohcu,fv ifu, (vrutfk)
tka ("whuv hbt hf o,gshu") asj ihbg
h,gsub tk whuv hna") ,uctv kmt whv
?("ovk
varpv (,kj,v) ifu, :vzn vrh,hu (c
oa okmt vkd,ha h"bc ,kgn s"g tuv
oa ukhtu ',uctvk vkd,b tka whuv
kt ,ukd,vv kg hte '"trtu" 'varpv
rcusn vca varpva 'ubhhv ',uctv
kmt v,hv tka h"bck ,ukd,vv ,usut
kt ,ukd,vv a"g ,treb ',uctv
!?,uctv
/ u -d 'u (1
oa j"u, /lkhtu t 'ub ub,arp t"u, vtr (2
/n"fcu /lkhtu c 'cm
'"vgucav v,ut p"g 'ifk" :itf h"arpc (3
'"wud h,hrc ,t h,unhev odu" kg hte "ifk"a
"whuv hbt ktrah hbck runt (ifk)"a iuhf 'kct
tk whuv hnau wud trtu" z"bpk b"ank lanvc tc
ovk h,rfb tk" h"ar aurhpf) "ovk h,gsub
intb 'whuv hna treb whkga hka ,h,nt ,snc
'"h,nhhe tku oh,jycv hrva 'hrcs ,ntk
'"whuv hbt ktrah hbck runt" vzk lanvcu
"ifk" ,ch,a 'rnuk rc,xn '("h,jycvc intbv"
h,gsub tk whuv hnau wud trtu"k lanvc od thv
/"ovk
203
yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a
a d s u n f ' v r u , - i , n s 15 v k j , v v ( v z n
unf v,hva ovrcts vkhn ,umnc
osh kga vru,-i,n hrjtka ,uumnv
uca hnadv .pjc vause ,fanb
lsh tb oha" 16a"nf 'vumnv ohnhhen
kuyha lhrm gcabva hpk" '"hfrh ,j,
aushjva 'ubhhv '"vumn ka .pj ushc
' o k u g c , u e k t , f a n v c v r u , - i,ns
t,htsf) ohbu,j,u ohbuhkg ruchj
v r h z d k y h c" v r u , - i , n c a 17 a r s n c
ohbu,j,k usrh ohbuhkgv rntu vbuatr
khj,v '("ohbuhkgk ukgh ohbu,j,vu
/ovrcts vkhn ,umnc
ohbu,j,u ohbuhkgs ruchjva ;tu
whv vkhn ,umnc khj,va (,"ns aushjv)
ubhct ovrct ka upudc rctk gdubc
' r n u k a h ' (18, u e k t k v c f r n w h v a )
vkugpvk ,ufhhavu raev od znurna
ohbhbgv hyrpc (ann ohbu,j,) okugc
raec (t) :vkhns .pj ,yhebc vgucavs
v"n sujh _ vecru ejmhs lushavk
ouhes vsucgv kf ,ukkf g"uva 'i"cu
vausev ,fanv vagb z"hga '19m"nu,v
ovrct scg rzghkt h"gu (c) 'ohbu,j,c
rnt" ejmhs lushavk gdubca ;ta _
v,tu lurc hbc (20rzghktk) ovrct uk
'n"n '21"lurcc ecsn rurt ihtu rurt
rzghkt h"g vecru ejmhs lushav vagb
tfpv,ts ihbgv adsun vzca 'teus
",uae ,ukj,v kf"s ihbgvn rhgvk (15
,uhvk lhrma iuhf '(v 'yh ur,h h"arpu t,khfn)
/ihbgv ,ukkfs (rubhmv ,jh,p) "vjh,p"v
/h"arpcu c 'sf vra hhj (16
/sugu /d 'c"hp r"una /uy trtu tnujb, (17
/d"fp thb, /u 'c"pp /u 'z"np r"c vtr (18
/s"kpr
wg x"r, n"vx /s-d 'um vfrc ,"uek vtr (19
/sugu /lkhtu ck
uk rntha vkhg tumnk rzjn whv"af (20
/"u,c uthavku uhkt ,ubpk ovrct
/yk 'sf vra hhj h"arp (21
,uct 10vagn" '9"wuf ick vfuz ctv"
iuakcu '(11"ohbck (jf-,bh,bu) inhx
ccuxn) ifk wudu ovrct kt trtu" cu,fv
'12"whuv hbt ktrah hbck runt (vtmu,u
/ineksf
:ihbgv ruthcu /d
2
oa hukhda ,ushxj haursc rtucn
oa 'arupnv oa 'omgv oa) whuv
vkgnka ,uekt ,drs _ sjuhnv
kmt 'ifku 'vru,-i,nc whv (okugvn
rntb vru, -i,n hbpk uhva ,uctv
,uekt ,drs) h-sa k-tc wud trtu"
h,gsub tk whuv hnau (okugk ,fhhaa
v r u , -i , n k u f z a h " b c k m t u ' " o v k
lanvf 'whuv oa vkd,b (n"hmh rjtk)
whuv hbt ktrah hbck runt)" cu,fv
(wud ohrmn ,ukcx ,j,n of,t h,tmuvu
hf o,gshu wudu ogk hk of,t h,jeku
/"whuv hbt
-i,n hbpk uhv ,uctva ;t 'vbvu
ovrct ohhe"a lfk ;xub 'hrv 'vru,
'13"vb,hb tka sg vkuf vru,v kf ubhct
vrh,hu vbfvv) v,hv ovrct h"ga 14gush
/y"n c"p ,uhsg (9
/u 'n"p r"c /y lk lk tnujb, vtr (10
/b"au /76 wg u"yj a"uek
rnuk chhj ktrahn sjtu sjt kf" 'ifku (11
ejmh ovrct h,uct vagnk hagn ughdh h,n
,unhkaa 'ubhhv '(v"fpr r"tcs,) "ceghu
/,uctv ,drsnk ohghdnaf thv ohbcv ,sucg
trtu" _ ohcu,fv ,uyapc aurhpv s"gu (12
ikufcu ,ujycv oh,jycv h-sa k-tc ,uctv kt
,arpc ovrctk / / h-sa k-t hbt ovk h,rnt
h,unhevu / / ejmhk / / h-sa k-t hbt rntb vkhn
v,utu 'ovrctk h,gcab rat vgucav ,t
h,rnt h-sa k-tc ovrctk h,gcaba vguca
'(,uctvk) vgucav v,ut p"g 'ifk / / ceghk
"h,jycvc intbv 'wv hbt ktrah hbck runt
/(p"vg h"arp)
/vbanc _ t 'cp ihaushe /c 'jf tnuh (13
vfurtc vtru /lk lk p"r k"zhrtvk ,"k (14
/b"au /lkhtu (26 wg khgk) 70 wg t"j c"ba, a"vx
yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a
hkcv jf h"g thv (sckc ovrcts hnadv
hkc) whuv oa hukhd ,kj,v z"v _ 25kucd
hkcv jfa tkt 'vru,-i,nca (kucd
(vynk vfanvv ,hagb ush kga) kucd
/okugc od vfanvv h"g hukdc rfhb ubht
whuv hnau" iuakv euhs e,nuh z"pgu
itf ch,f iht h,gsuv tk" '"h,gsub tk
_ 26 " h , r f h b t k ' h , g s u b t k t k t
kct ',ukd,vvu vrfvc er tuv iurxjva
whuv oa hukhd ,fanvs ihbgv rehg
/vkhn ,umnc rcf khj,v
kg ;xuba _ r,uh enugcu / v
ohbuhkg ruchjs vkugpv ,kj,v
,umnc (vru,-i,ns aushjv) ohbu,j,u
lanb ovnu) ,uctv kmt ah 'vkhn
:r,uh vkgb ihbg (ohbcvk
ohbu,j,u ohbuhkg ruchjs 27aushjv
ohbuhkgk ekjba 'okugv hrsdc tuv
ihc expvu vrhzd aha sgu 'ohbu,j,u
usrh tk ohbuhkg) ohbu,j,k ohbuhkgv
'(ohbuhkgk ukgh tk ohbu,j,u ohbu,j,k
ruchjv vagbu vrhzdv vkyc vru,-i,ncu
,drs smn kct Qohbu,j,u ohbuhkgs
'iu,j,u iuhkg rsdn vkgnka ,uektv
ohbuhkgv ihc expvu vrhzd lhha tk
ohbu,j,cu ohbuhkgc tmnba 'ohbu,j,k
aushjvu /28vru,-i,n hbpk od vuac
okugv hrsdc oda _ tuv vru,-i,ns
vausev ,fanvaf od :rjt iubdxcu (25
jfc z"v '(vkhn ,umnc) sjt yrpc thv vynk
kfc thv u,kcdv 'kucd kgc 'hf 'kucd hkcv
rsgv ka vgub, ,uhvk vkufh tk usmnu 'ohyrpv
/sjt yrpc tk od 'kkf vkcdvv
/d 'oa h"arp (26
lk v"kj a"uek od vtr _ inek tcvc (27
/d-c"x c"ba, lk
,"n hbpk _ inzc eukhj lhha tku (28
'ouenc eukhj lhha tka unf) ,"n hrjtku
/(iu,j,u iuhkg 'vkgnc
204
z"hga '22te,hnk urhrnu truvbk tfuaj
ohbu,j,u ohbuhkgs ruchjv kgpb
/,unhkav ,hkf,c
k tc / / ovrct kt trtu"a iuhfu
ovrctk") vkhn ,umnk gdubc whv "h-sa
h-sa k-t hbt rntb vkhn ,arpc
'vru,-i,ns ihbgv khj,v vca (23"wudu
oa hukhd ,kj,v od vzc kkfba 'k"mfg
/vru,-i,nca 24whuv
ovrct kt trtu" rntb f"pgtu /s
iuhf _ "ovk h,gsub tk whuv hnau wud
:sckc vkhn ,umnc whv vz ihbga
whuv oa hukhds ,ufhhavc ohruthcvn
ohbuhkgs ruchjvc ,"ns aushjvk
;t) okugc ,uekt ,fanv 'ohbu,j,u
iuhf _ (okugvn vkgnk tuv whuv oaa
;eu, smnu 'kucd hkc tuv whuv oaa
/vynk od lanb kucd hkcv ruts hukhdv
,fanv v,hv ovrct kmta iuhfu
rct 'vkhn ,umnc er vynk vausev
tk okugc kct 'ubhct ovrct ka upudc
;eu,c rfhb tk 'vausev ,fanv v,hv
hna" '(whuv oa) kucd hkcv ruts hukhdv
/"ovk h,gsub tk whuv
,fanv oda iuhf 'lshtk kct
;udvc) vkhn ,umnc vynk vausev
/t 's t"jz vtr (22
/s 'u ub,arp h"arp (23
tk tuv "h-sa" oas aurhpva 'rhgvk (24
,kcdv '(t 'ch vdhdj) "hs unkugk rnta" er
h"arp) "whrc kfk h,uektc hsa" od tkt 'gcyv
'(gcyc acukn xb) gcyv ,unnur '(t 'zh lk lk
"h,uektk hs utuknu okugv ihta" vzn vrh,hu
okugv ihta kcdun h,kc hukhd '(d 'u"np r"c)
whjc '(gcyvn vkgnka xb) uhkt htsf utuknu
/,"ryg /k"r, trtu v"s vfurtc vtr) g"fux
tkt 'whuv oa uc acukna 'vzn vrh,hu /(s"pr,
vtr _ ("h,rfb tk") hukhdc tku okgvc tuva
/sne wg v"j yeukn n"vx
205
yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a
kgu h"bck gdubc) vru,-i,ns aushjv
gdubc er tk tuv (okugc od osh
od lanb omgva) vynk vfanvk
gdubc (rehgcu) od tkt '(vynk
vfanvv h"g teus 'hf 'omgv ,fanvk
kcdun ubhta '35omgv vkd,n vynk
kfc lanb ifku 'rcs ouac rsdunu
/ouen
(vynk tca z"hg) omgv ,fanv odu
vkhn ,umnc _ ,uctv kmt v,hv
z"vugc hnad ;udc vausev ,fanv)
okugc od lanb tka iuhf 'kct /(hnadv
,fanv rfhb tk '(ann ohbu,j,c)
v"v uca vkcdvv rsgv smna 'omgv
',"n hrjtk eru /ouen kfc lanb
rfhb 'okugc vausev ,fanv ,hagba
/omgv
h"g tuv omgv ,fanvk jfv 'f"pgtu
,sucg 'hf '(",uctv kt trtu") ,uctv
ka iputc vrehg ,"n hrjtk ohbcv
okugv hrsdc ,uexg,vu ,uack,v
,uctv ,sucg f"tan '(iu,j,u iuhkg)
vz jfcu 'vnabv omg smn thv vrehg
hbhbg oharuha) ohbcv ,sucg ,hagb
,t ohrhsjnu ohkdna iputc (,uctv
lanb z"hga) 36vynk o,sucgc omgv
/(omgv
g"uva vru,-i,nca 'rnuk ahu
ouh") v"cev og h"xbfs ihtuahbv
uhv ,ujhr ,uctv uaga ,uumnv" ifku (35
'((t) d 't"p r"ava) "lna eru, ina ubt kct
,hbvb vnabva" 'r,uhc vkgb g"uv "jhr"a ;ts
'(c 'dn ,ufrc) "ubnn vbvb ;udv ihtu ubnn
',ukak,avn vkgnka x"tut ,fanv kg vruna
ohbcv ,sucg h"g thv (ina) omgv ,fanv 'n"n
n"vx vtr) ,"n hrjtk vynk m"nu,v ouhec
/(n"fcu /109 wg u"a,
h"g vjh,pv ,hagb vz ihbgc oda hrjtk (36
/vkhn ,umnc ,uctv
ohbuhkgv ihc expvu vrhzd uc aha
,uektv ,drs lanu, ohbu,j,k
/iu,j,u iuhkg rsdn vkgnka
whuv oa hukhdk gdubc od icun vznu
ktrah hbck runt") vru,-i,nc h"bck
wud ogk hk of,t h,jeku wud whuv hbt
ruae vz aushja _ ("whuv hbt hf o,gshu
ouhe h"g) okugc h"bc ka o,sucg og
ohbuhkgs ruchjv kugpk (m"nu,v
omgv ubah z"bpk od kct 'ohbu,j,u
ka i,cajn") vru,vn vkgnka ktrahs
,cajnk od '29"rcs kfk vnse ktrah
aruav) ,uctv ,drs hvuza '(vru,v
ovrctn kjv '(h"bc kfs omgvu ruenu
a t r" ' (30 " o v r c t w h v s j t" ) u b h c t
j f s 32 r u b h m v j , p a '31 " o h b h n t n k
o m g s m n a a p b - , r h x n v u 33 v b u n t v
/vnabv
vru,-i,nc whuv oa hukhds aushjvu
(,uctv ,drs) ktrahs omgva _ tuv
'ohhukhdv ,bhjcc od vkd,hu lanuh
;udc uack,ba hpf odu '34apbv ,ujfc
h"g) okugc kugpk hsf 'hnadv z"vugc
,uektv ,drs ,fanv (m"nu,v ouhe
/iu,j,u iuhkgs rsdn vkgnka
:r,uh ,uhyrpcu /u
/s 't"p r"c (29
/sf 'dk ktezjh (30
ohxrybue n"vx /(d) j 's"p r"ava vtr (31
/c 'sb t"j
/ce wg j"pr, /dpr wg j"gr, n"vx vtr (32
/b"au /lkhtu 74 g"x f"j a"uek
rjt urvrv tk" ifku 'kfavn vkgnk (33
/"h,usn
'van ka u,drs _ vnfjv jfn kjv (34
vbuufvu /uh,usn rjt rvrv ifka 'vauses vnfj
'",uctv kt trtu" 'v"cev ,cua, h"ga 'vzc
n"vx vtr) omgv hukhd vnfjv ,bhjcc lanuh
/(vme wg ,"ryg
yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a
/"ihtuahb uhvh jhanv ,unhk / / uhv
:vzc vrcxvvu
,kgnk gdubc khgk rtc,ba oaf
,sucg hcdk ,"n hrjtk h"bc ,sucg
vfanvv h"g teusa ',"n hbpk ,uctv
inz kfu 'omgv tc (,"n hrjtk) vynk
(vkhn ,umnc sckn) vynk lanb tka
od tuv if 'omgv vz ihta vjfuv z"v
inz hcdk tuck sh,gks vkgnvk gdubc
tk thv omgvs vkcdvv rsgv :hf 'vzv
,ukd,vc od tkt 'vynk vfanvc er
,uhvk jrfun ubht omgv hrva 'vynk
od tuck kufh htsuc tkt 'okgvc
ubh,sucgu ubhagnca iuhfu /hukhdc
vfanvv er ,hagb m"nu,v ouhec
hnadv z"vugc vynk hukhdv kct 'vynk
vkdbu" 44a"nf) tuck sh,gk er whvh
kf 'hrv '("wud rac kf utru whuv sucf
vjfuv z"v 'vynk hukhdv vagb tka inz
/45omgv vz ihta
thv ,"n hrjtk h"bc ,sucga oafu
iuhf ',"n hbpk ,uctv ,sucg jfc
vfanvv rehgc ,adsun ,"n hrjtka
,"n hbpk f"tan 'ohhukhdv ,bhjcc
omgv smna vsucgv rehgc ,adsun
sh,gks ,unhkav if unf '(v"x k"bf)
iuhf '47vzv inzc vsucgv jfc thv 46tuck
hukhdv rehgc adsun tuck sh,gka
/u"kpx thb, vtru /v 'n whgah (44
/245 wg v"j a"uek vtr (45
"tm, h,tn vasj vru,"s ,ukd,vv odu (46
-sj g"uv ,"na gushf 'vru,-i,nc (jfc) ,kkfb
tuck sh,gks vasj vru,v od kkufu hngp
/(une, /df wg u"xr, lanv)
/ / ,unhkav ,hkf," :z"kpr thb, vtr (47
rut hukhd tuva oh,nv ,hhj,u jhanv ,unh ka
ubh,sucgu ubhagnc huk, hnadv z"vugc v"c x"t
ezj tuv orudv rcsv hrvu '",ukdv lan inz kf
/(7 vrgv k"bf) ush kg vagba rcsvn r,uh
206
o h t c (37 " v r u , i , n v z u , b u , j
ejmh ovrct ,uctv od ohp,,anu
i,j kfs ihtuahb ,jnaca oaf) ceghu
ovhruv ohp,,anu ohtc ktrahc vkfu
ukt od ',urus wd 'ovhbez hbezu ovhbezu
vzca _ (38,ntv okugc rcf ohtmnba
hrjtk) ohbcv ,sucga (t) :adsun
ohtca) ,uctv jfc thv (,"ns vbu,jv
(omgv) ,uctv jfa (c) '(vbu,jvk
,sucgc vynk vfanvv h"g vkd,n
/ohbcv
ihbgv ifu, rtcku ;hxuvk ahu /z
cmnu sngnv) "h,gsub tk whuv hna"s
hrva _ ,"n hrjtk od (,"n hbpka
iuhf :vrutfks _ 39,hjmb thv vru,v
oa vkd,ba ztn ohba hpkt urcg rcfa
ihbgv v,g lhha vn 'vru,-i,nc whuv
?"h,gsub tk whuv hna"s
:vzc ruthcv rnuk ahu
'whuv oa hukhd whv ,"nca p"gt
iuhf 'n"n '"whuv hbt hf o,gshu" a"nf
hk whuv whvu 40ch,f tuck sh,gk"a
r,uh iuhkg ouenn hukd whvha 'ohektk
'"ohektf er cuaj whvh whuv oas sg
ihbg rehg" 'r,uh vkgb whuv oa vkd,hu
sngnv oda 'tmnb '41"kusdv una hukd
whuv hna"s iputc tuv ,"n hrjtka cmnu
whuv oa hukhdk lrgc "h,gsub tk
,ukkfc aushj whvhaf 'tuck sh,gks
'42"tm, h,tn vasj vru," ',"ns ihbgv
og h"xbfs ihtuahbv ,unhka whv, zta
ihxurht vzv okugv" 43k"zrtnf 'v"cev
/vbanc _ c 'uf ,hbg,
/c 'jk t"j ohxrybue n"vx
/n"fcu /z"hpr thb,
/tf 'jf tmhu
/d"gr 'b ,una t"u,
/d 'd"hp r"ehu /s 'tb whgah
/u"ypx r"una
(37
(38
(39
(40
(41
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207
yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a
w s n v k g n k a 54 , h a h n j v w h j c h u k h d
whuv oa g"uvza 'whuv oa ,uh,ut
whuv oak lurg-ihtca tuck sh,gks
/,"nca
varpv thv tc ,arpa ';hxuvku
'56vkutdv rpx '55,una rpxc ,hahkav
vkutdv kg od ,znura 'rnuk ahu
u b h h j h " 57 a " n f ' , h j m b v u , h a h k a v
whjbu ubnheh hahkav ouhc ohhnuhn
/"uhbpk
,una ,uharpv wd :r,uh ,uhyrpcu
,uhkkfv ,upue,v wd sdbf ov tc trtu
:58tuck sh,gku ',"n ',"n hbpk _
sucga ,usut rcusn vca ,una ,arp
ws hrjtka _ trtu ,arpc od znurnu (54
wud h,kmvu wud h,tmuvu" 'vkutd ka ,ubuak
'hahnj iuak rntb '"h,jeku wud h,ktdu
'(tjhan tfkns txf) hahnj xuf '"h,tcvu"
lrf) ub,arp ,"vut) "vgrpk ,hahnjv" g"uva
/(upe,wc wg (wz
iuatrv rpx od tuva yrpcu /g"pc rpx (55
'("ktrah hbc ,una vktu") ktrah hbc ,sucgs
'rahv rpx" ',uctv rpx tuv ,hatrc rpx hrva
z"g) "ohrah utreba ceghu ejmh ovrct rpx
/(t 'vf
/hsuep p"x i"cnr (56
/oharpncu c 'u gauv (57
trtu" :trtu ,arpc od ohznurna k"hu (58
vkutda gushf _ "cegh ktu ejmh kt ovrct kt
cegh og ohruae hahkav e"nvhcu ,hahkav
,"n '(t"arvn d"tsjcu t 'jp ohjxp vtr)
vpue,vu '(t"kp t"rsrp vtr) ejmh og ruae
v,hv ush kga 'ovrct og vruae ,"n hbpka
/,"nk (vkj,vu) vbfvv
wud trtu" :whuv oas hukhdvk gdubc z"sgu
hukhdv _ "ovk h,gsub tk whuv hnau h-sa k-tc
oa hukhds vkj,vvu vbfvv tuva vkhn ,umnc
wud whuv hbt ktrah hbck runt" /,"ns whuv
whuv oa hukhd ,unhka _ "whuv hbt hf o,gshu
.rtv kt of,t h,tcvu" 'varpv ouhxu /,"nc
oa hukhd _ "whuv hbt (vkutd ka hahnj iuak) wud
/tuck sh,gks whuv
inzc yrpcu vzv inzc ukhtu 'okugc
smna vsucgv rehgc ,adsun ,ukdv
ka iputc vsucgv rehga 48gushf 'omgv
inzc thv (omgv smna) apb-,rhxn
/,ukdv
sh,gks ,unhkav oda ';hxuvku
_ ,uctv kmt jfc vkukf tuck
v " c e v i n h g y v v a k a " 49 k " z r t n f
ovrct / / tcv okugv ihgn vzv okugc
'kfn whc ch,fs ejmh 'kfc whc ch,fs
,unhka rehgu '"kf whc ch,fs cegh
whvh ("tcv okugv ihgn" er tk) vz hukhd
,unhkav ,hkf, whv, zta 'tuck sh,gk
',uctv kmt er tk) "kf kfn kfc"s
,unhkava iuhf) h"bc kf kmt (od tkt
ubhagn h"g ,hagb tuck sh,gks
/(,uctv jfc 'h"bc kfs ubh,sucgu
oas hukhdv ,unhkaa 'rnuk ahu /j
hukhdk lurg-ihtca) tuck sh,gk whuv
hna" ,bhjcc tuva ',"nca whuv oa
varpc znurn ("ovk h,gsub tk whuv
p"as vjbnv inzc turek ihkhj,na
:tc ,arp _ trtu
kt tc van kt wv rnthu" euxpv kg
v"ce whk khhgs" 50rvzc t,ht '"vgrp
vtkg tsj tbhb, hcdk ihrst r,c ihrst
_ vauses vgrpc ihbgv arau /51"wuf
'52 " v g r p k , h a h n j " w h j c s h u k h d v
'53"ihruvb kf whbhn ihhkd,tu ughrp,ts"
v"pr, /lkhtu zpe wg j"nr, n"vx vtr (48
/jpe wg s"j yeukn n"vx vtru /lkhtu jbr wg
/b"au
/lkhtu c"gx 'zy c"c (49
/t 'sk c"j (50
" u h r u t h l u , c . c u r v k u s d v o h b , v" ( 5 1
ouhx thva) vrypvc a"nf _ (d 'yf ktezjh)
/trtu ,arps (o,uju
/sf 'zn adhu (52
/t 'hr t"jz (53
yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a
,uhkd hatr ukt lkhtu susn) 66vsuvhn
hf sg / / (ycac ogv ,t ihsura kccca
67rntb uhkg '(jhanv lkn) "vkha tuch
'"ktrahn (kaunu vsur lkn) yca oeu"
;bg iuakn (c) '68"jhanv lkn vz"
hah gzdn ryuj tmhu" 70a"nf '69ikht
vfukn yca tmh" '71"vrph uharan rmbu
lkn tuv sus grzn hah aruan
/72"jhanv
_ vz ubrusc v r h , h v a d s v c u / h
'73"asue whvh hrhagv") ycac hrhagva
sjt asujc hrhagv f"uftgu 'asuj kfc
j"un e"fs tkukhvv ouh tuv (rag
:74ubrus thab r"unst
ubhcr a"nf _ tkukhvv ouh ka ubhbg
",skn sung,u" rntb vsuvhca 'rhgvku (66
vkutdv kg znura 'rnuk ahu '(vk 'yf tmhu)
t,htsf ',ukd whrjt ihta vnhkavu ,h,hntv
vceb iuak ,urhav kf" (t 'uy jkac) t,khfnc
vcebva rnukf" '"rfz iuak sh,gks vrhan .uj
'rgm ovhrjt ah ohxbv kf ;t '*vshk rgm vk ah
tk ohrfzf / / rgm whrjt ihta sh,gkn .uj
/(c 'zye ohjxp wxu,) "ohskuh
/h"arpcu zh 'sf ekc (67
/t"hpr ohfkn wkv o"cnr (68
/zf 'jf whgah (tndusk) vtr (69
/t 'th oa (70
.rt vfvu" _ (s 'oa) ohcu,fv lanvcu (71
/"uhp ycac
/p"vg s"umn (72
/ck 'zf h,ueujc (73
c"hk vbav hasj c"hs ,ufhhavn rhgvk (74
una ';xuh sdbf iuufn yca asuja _ ohycav
wg u"fj a"uek vtr) tkukhvv kgc ka iuatrv
/(b"au /lkhtu 314 /lkhtu 90
hnh ,kutdu ruchgk kanb ,ukdv"a gushf (*
ifu / / vshkk kanb ubhnhc vrvnc whvha jhanv
t"u,) "vshk hkcj oac ohtreb jhanv ,unh hkcj
/(4 vrgvca j"u,u
208
,hagb ush kga "kzrcv ruf" 'ohrmn
hbpka cmnu sngnv _ 59,"nk vbfvv
ktrah hbck runt" 'trtu ,arp Q,"n
_ "whuv hbt hf o,gshu wud whuv hbt
k t t c" ' t c , a r p u Q , " n s h u k h d v
kf whbhn ihhkd,tu ughrp,t" '"vgrp
/tuck sh,gks cmnu sngnv _ "ihruvb
inzv og khgk runtv raek ahu /y
,kj,vu trtu ,arp uz vbac ihrue uca
:yca asuj ohfrcn ,ca _ tc ,arp
ouhxc tuv yca asuj ohfrcn ,ca
,fanb ucu 'hrhagv asuj ',cy asuj
asuj 'yca asujk jf-,bh,bvu vfrcv
rag h,ag" 60cu,fv iuakcu) rag sjtv
'rnuk ahu /("yca asuj tuv asuj
,unhka 'hrhagv asuj ouhxca
v s u c g v , u n h k a , a d s u n '61 r p x n v
,unhkav ,hkf,k ohtc vz jfca 'h"bcs
sjtv asujc ,znurnv tuck sh,gks
,urhpx ragn vkgnka sjt 'rag
s"g _ 62("icaujc tku sj tuv ,bt")
vsucgv) tcu trtu ,uharpv wc ,nduscu
,unhkavk ohtc vsh kga ',"n hrjtka
/(k",gks
znurn vkutdv ihbga ';hxuvku
treba hpf asujv ka unac od
_ 63kccn ovng ukga ohasjv ,unac
hyca" iuakn (t) tuva _ "yca"
, u f k n s v k a n n v y r p c u '64 " o h k a u n
y c a r u x h t k " 65 a " n f ' s u s , h c
/n"fcu /lkhtu t"gx 'sg ur,h t"u, vtr (59
/z 't whrfz (60
/c"a xsrp /uy 'd ,unak g"ctr vtr (61
/yh wg ohrcs ,"vut /jn wg rut kvh vtr (62
/b"au /630 wg c"j /389 wg t"j y"na, a"vx
/sugu /c"v t"p v"r hnkaurh (63
/th 'yh ktezjh (64
/h"arpcu s"uh 'yn hjhu (65
209
yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a
ka iuatrv rusu ,ukdv ka iurjtv rus)
rcfa ubrus thab ka u,usgf '(vkutdv
vsugxk ifun kfvu 'ihmhev kf ukf
vsugxv og lurg-ijkua 'k",gks
/rnuanv ihhu rcv ruau i,huks
og ruaev inzv ,ukkfa 'rnuk ahu
vba ohgca) ycac hrhagv tkukhvv ouh
ohbav lanvu 'ihs tnkgc u,uhj ohhjc
ekjb (81vba ohgcrtn r,uh 'z"jtka
wd ,nduscu s"g ova ,upue, wdk
,urusv kf lanc ,uhkkfv ,upue,v
'(jhanv ,unhu ,"n ',"n hbpk)
tc trtu ,una ,uharpv wdc ,uznurna
:(j"x k"bf)
-o"r,) vba ohgcrt 'vbuatr vpue,
zta 'uhct ka u,uthab inzc '(p"r,
,ubhhgnv ,mpvs ihbgv ,unhka khj,v
hfnu, ,chah ,usxhh,v h"g yrpcu vmuj
s"g _ (ushjh ubc ka ukuvhbc) ohnhn,
,kj,vu vbfvc ,uctv ,sucg ,nduscu
/,"ns ihbgv
u,uthab ,uba ohauka 'whba vpue,
'(,"ha-p"r,) ihs tnkgc u,uhj ohhjc
ru,c uka sjuhnv aushjv whv ovca
,mpvc s"cj ,ushxj ,ru,s thab
aushjvk sgu 'ann vmuj ,ubhhgnv
,unhkau rnd) ,uburjtv ohba ragc
hmjc vmuj ,ubhhgnv ,mpvc (u,sucg
(82vru,-i,n whv tk uca) iu,j,v rusf
/vru,-i,ns aushjv ,nduscu s"g _
,uthabv lanv ',hahka vpue,u
rag h,ag ouhn) u,uek,xv hrjtk
rag h,ag ,bas rag h,ag asujk
z"g) "whcrs wh,gst ahbht hte" ovca (81
ohbhgu ,gsk ck ofk wv i,b"a iuhf '(c"g ahr 'v
/(d 'yf tuc,) "gunak ohbztu ,utrk
cm, wg c"j m"hhruvn r"unst e"dt vtr (82
/b"au /lkhtu
u,ru,u uhagn kf" a 76thb,c 75iezv
/ / 78uhhj hnh kf 77scg rat u,sucgu
vynk vkgnkn hukhd whjcc rhtnu vkd,n
sugu '79".rtv crec ,uguah kgupu / /
lanv kg jf-,bh,bv kkufa 'rehgu
hrjtk zug r,hcu ,ta r,hc vjhnmv
kf"s v g h r z v n v t m u , f u , u e k , x v
hnh kf scg rat u,sucgu u,ru,u uhagn
,h,hntv vkutdvs vjhnmvk sg '80"uhhj
vz ubrusc ubesm jhan h"g vnhkavu
ouhs ("ukufhu") ,unhkavu whkgva (75
/vz e"av ouhc _ ,cy s"f _ uka tkukhvv
_ vkutdv ihbgk ,cy s"fs ,ufhhavn rhgvku
vkhdn) ";udv in vbvb ;udva jrh" tuv ",cy"
,unmg) vkgnka ;udvs sujhv ,unhka '(t 'dh
wcc '(ktrahs omgv) vynks ;udv og (,uvnu
'"ihsfu ihsf" '"sfsf" '(s"f) "sf"s ohbputv
sh,gk whvha 'vkgnk vynknu vynk vkgnkn
'uf vtr wp) sfsf h,nau v"s ,"uek vtr) tuck
/((lkhtu d
ouhc (uz vbac) kja ,cav ouhc u,unhkau
(ezuju ;eu,) "jf"v kg vruna '*,cy j"f
/",cy"s
s"g) rhgvku _ /j"fu l"z whx e"vdt (76
ouhu ,ca crgs ,ughcevk ,ufhhavn (znrv
/,cy j"fu l"z 'asujv hnhc ,cav
ktezjh) trtu p"as vrypvc a"n s"g (77
a"uek vtr) "vc scg rat u,kugp" _ (f 'yf
/(lkhtu 50 wg t"fj
,unhka '(,"ha _ o"r,) vba ohgca (78
"vba ohgca ovc ubh,uba hnh" 'ostv hhj
wg t"j c"ba, a"vx÷ od vtru /s"uh 'm ohkv,)
/((194-5 wg khgk) 250-1
hbt hf" _ (jh 'j) trtu ,arpc a"n s"g (79
h,rzd ohnac h,bhfaa p"gt") ".rtv crec wv
/(h"arp _ "ohbu,j,c ,nhhe,n
ihjup, kejc ugrzbu" :oa e"vdt vtr (80
/"ihkushd hkushd / / stn ohbuhkg ,urut ihahse
hnt ka ,skuv ouh tuv ,cy j"fa 'rhgvk (*
ka unt a"g sgu wuf a"g 'vbj vnaa 'v"g h,run
orhu ufknk zug i,hu" v,kp, o,uju ouhxa 'ktuna
/(s"uh 'c t"a) "ujhan ire
yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a
_ t"utfca '86"kfv tuv thabv" 'rusv
'kf kfn kfc 'uhbhbg kfu u,uthmn
ohtkna z"hg 'rusv thabk asue ohagb
rusv thab ka u,ujhka ouhec ohrusju
tuv iuatr ktud '87rusca ubhcr van _
thcvk" hrehgv ubhbga _ 88iurjt ktud
/ann kgupc 89"jhanv ,unhk
xbfb shnu ;fh,a vghshva ';hxuvku
iuhf) ubrus thab r"unst j"un e"f
kg yhcnu (90"rpg hbfua ubbru umhev"a
iujck ohrauenvu ohshxjvn t"utf
,kgupu ,rrugn 'wuf ucmnu usngn
,t (,unhka iuakn od) ohkavku ohhxk
/ubh,sucgu ubhagn kf
,uhusguu,v lurgk iufbu htsfu
ohfrcn e"av ouhn kjv _ ,usjuhn
kfca ,usguu,vv kg ;xub) yca asuj
kvehu ,ca ,arpc rntba" ',cau ,ca
,ca kfc 91,ukhve khvevk / / van
,uarsn h,ccu ,uhxbf h,cc xbfvk
/tf 'tf ,euj h"arp (86
"trsu trs kfc vans t,uyap,t" (87
r"c) "vanf uc ihta rus ihtu" '(y"x, z"ue,)
/(z 'u"bp
a"uek /t 'dbr t"jz /s 'c"p r"una vtr (88
/b"au /lkhtu 8 wg t"hj
a"vx od vtru /,ufrcs e"px vban (89
245 wg /lkhtu (65 wg khgk) 111 wg t"j c"ba,
/lkhtu (190 wg khgk)
/yh 'uf whgah (90
';yvu ohabvu ohabtv kg htea k"hu (91
,csb huuhmk gdubc rntba "van kvehu" unf
kvehu) ohabvu ohabtv vzc up,,ava ifanv
sgxku ,ubck ihchhj kfv" '(lkhtu cf 'vk
"rcsnv asenf ohabu ohabt obunncu onmgc
oda ';yv odu '(c"hv t"p j"cvhc wkv o"cnr)
/(t"hpr b"rst) *ifanv ,csbc up,,av ov
icr ,hc ka ,ueubh, ihkycn iht"a ;t (*
/(oa o"cnr) "ihbck
210
r,hcu ,ta r,hc ;xu,hba '(83(t"ha,)
hume kfc vmuj ,ubhhgnv ,mpvc zug
kfva 'vsucgv ,unhkau rndk sgu 'kc,
,unh _ tuck sh,gks vsugxk rcf ifun
/jhanv
k"bv ,upue, wda k"h r,uh ,uhyrpcu
,uba ohaukas ,upue,v wdc ohznurn
:(ihs tnkgc u,uhj ohhjc) 84u,uthab
sg u,uthab ,kj,vn 'vbuatr vpue,
'thvv vbhsnn vthmhvu vkutdvu rxtnvk
,ufknv ,urhzd ;eu, ka cmnu sngnc
'"kzrcv ruf" 'ohrmnc vsucgv ,ndusc)
v,hv u,sucg rehga '(,"n hbpk
/(,uctv ,sucg s"g) ann apb ,rhxnc
'ihkup ,bhsnc utucc 'whba vpue,
,mpvu sunhkc v,hv u,sucg rehga
vbcv ka iputc s"cj ,ushxj ,ru,
,ushxj s"g ucurc whv zt sga ;t vdavu
hbt hf o,gshu"s aushjv s"g) ihkup
utucc ',hahka vpue,u /(,"nc "whuv
v,hv u,sucg rehga 'iu,j,v rusf hmjk
crek 'ann vmuj ,ubhhgnv ,mpvc
,h,hntv vkutdv ,t thcvku zrzku
:vgushv u,zrfvf 'shnu ;fh, vnhkavu
/"vkutdk r,ktk vcua,k r,ktk"
:kgupk gdubcu /th
'yca asuj ohfrcn ,cac ubsngc
lhrm _ ycac hrhagv sjuhncu kkuf
,ta r,hc ;hxuvk unmg kg kcek t"utf
ka u,sucgu u,ru, 'uhagnc zug r,hcu
thab r"unst j"un e"f 'tkukhvv kgc
vfkbu uhfrsn ubruv rat 'ubrus
k u y h c v c y r p c u '85 u " x b u h , u j r u t c
thab r"unst j"un e"f kt ,urae,vvu
wx) 99 vrgv b"a, trtu p"a ,ujha vtr (83
/(255-56 wg t"j b"a, ,ujhav
/lkhtu 303 wg j"hj a"uek od vtr (84
/oa e"vdtc z"vst iuak (85
211
yca j"vcn ',cy j"f 'trtu p"a
,fhrgk ,ubfvv s"g rrugk ah ifu
htsuca _ ycac hrhagvs ,usguu,vv
ubrus thab 'tkukhvv kgc og sjhc whv,
wud ohrcsnv ov") irvtu vanu 'ubatrc
(97" o h r m n n k t r a h h b c , t t h m u v k
ouhc 'ann shnu ;fh,a iuhf '98ovng
vthrev ,kj,v hbpk) trtu ,arp e"av
',ukdvn h"bc kf ohtmuh '(tc ,arpc
ubhbcc wud ubhbezcu ubhrgbc"
' ( v j b n c i h r u e a h p f ) 99 " u b h , u b c c u
i u g n a u i c u t r " 100 a r s n v i u a k c u
,ukdv in ktrah hbc kfs whkgv '"ihekx
od kkuf 'vnhkavu ,h,hntv vkutdv kt
'101,uctv ,drsk ktrah hbcs whkgv
u,unmg og sj ova hpf ktrahs omgv
iht sg hukhg rjt hukhgc tpud vzcu 'w,h
vtrh khj kt khjn ufkh" 102a"nf ';ux
hahkav e"nvhcc '"iuhmc ohekt kt
/103"lhsh ubbuf h-bst asen" 'akuanvu
/zf 'u ub,arp (97
ohjxp _ sjt v"su, /c 'v tnuh vtr (98
/c"gx 'she
/y 's"uh tc (99
/b"au /v 'c"kp r"ehu (100
,ba tv, whv 'uz vbac r,uhc adsunu (101
,uctv ,kgn _ "kf kfn kfc" 'kfc ,utkpb
k"bf) c"vugv ihgn z"vugc v"cev inhgyva
/(z"x
/j 'sp ohkv, (102
/zh 'uy jkac (103
yrpcu '(92"ohcrk vru, ovc sunkk
duvbv kg ;xub) yca asuj atrc
h,agc" '(ohasj hatr kfc vburjtk
van khtuv / / 93asujk sjtc asuj rag
95"iuak ohgcac '94"vru,v ,t rtc
"
,mpvc tkukhvv kgc ka u,sucg ifu,)
_ (96 i u a k o h g c a c v m u j , u b h h g n v
ohbhbgv kfc uvgr ,t aht ezjku rrugk
vkutdv ,tcvu zurhzc sjuhncu 'ohruntv
/shnu ;fh,
p"r a"khn) d"x m"rx j"ut z"vst g"ua (92
/(kvehu
asuj) yca j"rs ,ufhhavn rhgvk (93
asuj) ct-ojbn j"rk (;rujv hasjc hahnjv
irvt ka tkukhvv ouh '(.hev hasjc hahnjv
lanc irvt ka u,sucg ,unhkau rnd 'ivfv
ouka ;suru ouka cvut"s iputc *vba d"fe
t"p ,uct) "vru,k icrenu ,uhrcv ,t cvut
t"utf ,sucg ,uhvk vfhrm vzf iputca '(c"hn
'(oa ,uct) "irvt ka uhshnk,n huv" 'ktrahn
tkukhvv kgc ka u,sucg iputc sjuhnc adsunf
/ycac hrhags
/v-d 't ohrcs (94
/v 'oa h"arp (95
/u"x b"a, yca j"r u"kj a"uek vtr (96
/b"au
asuj atrc kkv ,rhntk ,ufhhavn rhgvk (*
akau vtn v-hukkv kkvv kfc ihbug utmnb" _
o"cnr) "irvt ka uh,uba ovk inhx 'ohngp ohragu
229 wg d"fj a"uek vtru /c"hv d"p vfubj wkv
/(lkhtu
ªø œ.qxp
6/30/2005
2:31 AM
Page 9
,ufzk
t"yhka jhanv lkn r"unst e"f
r"hft vkdh vrvn
***
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whjha vra ic vhmnt w,v
h,nrv
,uhbjurcu ,uhnadc vjkmvk
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sgu okugk jhanv lkn ubhcru ubrun ubbust hjh
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