NURUL AFIQAH BT MAHADI

NURUL AFIQAH BT MAHADI
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag 36, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100
Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
• PET FOOD
 Variety of choices in the Malaysian market
 Imported - Thailand, Australia, United States and some
European Union countries
 Price: RM6.00/kg - RM50/kg.
 Humanized and tracking human food trends (Aldrich, 2006)
 No strict legislative body for monitoring purposes
 Nutritional composition - majority not conforming to the
standard (Association of American Feed Control Officials,
Smith, 2008).
» To evaluate nutrient composition of Super
Premium Cat Foods in the Malaysian Market
- (moisture, CP, CF, EE, ash, pH and Gross
energy content)
» To confirm the true quality of imported cat
food as set by the Associated of America
Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) in terms of
nutritive values
» Provide references and guidelines for future
development and regulation of cat foods
» The pet industry in Malaysia is growing at 3%
annually
based
on
the
market
survey
(Adabi
Consumer Industries Sdn. Bhd, 2011).
» Complete and balance diets are required for optimum
growth and performance of the cats (NRC,2006).
» Cats
require
a
diet
that
regularly
includes
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals
and water for proper nutrition.
Common
(ACISB, 2011,
2012)
Premium & Minimum
Wild Diet
Super
Requirement (Peterson,
2011)
Premium
Level
(ACISB, 2011,
2012)
Crude Protein
(CP) %
Crude Fat
(EE) %
Carbohydrate
(NFE) %
(AAFCO, 2008)
26 - 32
35 - 45
26 - 45
50 - 70
8 - 13
18 - 20
9
30 - 40
35 - 45,
60 - 70
2-8
< 10
5 - 10
»
All these cat food products are imported and
manufactured
from
ingredients
ranging
from
vegetable grain to animal by-product meals to
animal digest for flavour usage and most cat food
are believed to be non-halal and may contain
porcine residues (Amir& Mona 2013)
LABORATORY
WORK
Proximate Analysis
Moisture
(Weight Loss
Dry Matter
Crude
Protein
Kjedahl method
Ether
Extract
)
Crude Fiber
Soxtec system
Ash
Fiberbag system
Muffle furnace
Gross
Energy
pH
pH meter
Bomb calorimeter
Sample Moisture
(%)
Crude
Protein
(%)
Ether
Extract
(%)
Crude
Fiber
(%)
Ash (%)
Gross
Energy
(cal/g)
pH
Super Premium Cat Food (Dry)
Brand 1
1.27 ± 0.1
36.71 ±
0.4
20.61 ±
0.3
3.54 ±
0.3
6.55 ±
0.5
5301.2 ±
1.2
6.01 ±
0.1
Brand 2
5.04 ± 0.4
34.86 ±
1.6
17.00 ±
0.3
2.78 ±
0.3
8.46 ±
0.2
5010.13 ±
1.0
6.08 ±
0.02
Brand 3
3.90 ± 0.3
37.77 ±
1.3
14.01 ±
0.2
1.64 ±
0.2
6.69 ±
1.0
5045.68 ±
1.7
5.98 ±
0.03
Table 1: Nutritive Values of Dry Super Premium Cat Food Based on Dry Matter Basis
Sample Moisture
(%)
Crude
Protein
(%)
Ether
Extract
(%)
Crude
Fiber (%)
Ash (%)
Gross
Energy
(cal/g)
pH
Super Premium Cat Food (Wet)
Brand 4
74.73 ±
1.4
35.61 ±
0.1
27.44 ±
0.5
0.14 ±
0.1
6.71 ±
0.2
5545.38 ±
1.1
6.11 ±
0.02
Brand 5
74.03 ±
0.7
39.58 ±
1.9
27.98 ±
0.4
0.15 ±
0.1
7.53 ±
0.2
5663.00 ±
1.8
6.01 ±
0.02
Table 1: Nutritive Values of Wet Super Premium Cat Food Based on Dry Matter Basis
Super
Premium
Cat Food
(Dry)+
Super
Premium
Cat Food
(Wet)+
Difference
between
AAFCO &
SPCF
Common
(ACISB,
2011,
2012)
Premium &
Super
Premium
(ACISB,
2011, 2012)
Adult
Maintenance
Minimum
Level
(AAFCO,
2008)
Crude
Protein% 35 – 38
36 – 40
10
26 - 32
35 - 45
26
Ether
Extract % 14 - 21
27 - 28
5
8 - 13
18 - 20
9
Table 2: Crude Protein & Ether Extract Content in Super Premium Cat Food As Compared To
The International Standards.
Note: All values are expressed in % and based on dry matter basis
+
Data are from the
current study
» All brands of Super Premium Cat food successfully
met the Minimum Level Requirement for Adult
Maintenance as set by the AAFCO (2008)
» CP and EE content - 10% and 5 % > the AAFCO
Standard
» Ash content - within the acceptable limits of the
established standards
» CF content : wet super premium cat food < dry form
» Dietary fibre (Max level) in cat diets - 10% (NRC,
2006)
» pH - 6.0 , help to reduce the risk of struvite
crystal formations
» The differences might be attributed to the
ingredients used in the formulations
» To look into their :
Digestible
Protein
Nondigestible
Protein
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Heavy metals
Vitamins
Amino Acids
Carbohydrates
• N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and Cl
• Co, Cr, Iodine, Mo, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se
• Pb, Cd, As, Cd
•A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, E, Folic Acid, Biotin &
Choline
Reducing
sugar
» The samples will also be tested for Halal status
to determine the presence of porcine using
DNA markings
» Development of a practical and cost-effective
cat food based on locally available ingredients
ACISB., (2011). Adabi Consumer Industries Sdn. Bhd. (ACISB). Powerpet Food Sdn. Bhd.
Unpublished Report. 45pp.
ACISB., (2012). Adabi Consumer Industries Sdn. Bhd. Marketing Proposal for Cat Food Product.
Powercat Brand and Others. An in House Market Survey Report on Cat Food. Unpublished
Report. 60pp.
Association of American Food Control Officials (AAFCO). 2008. Dog and cat food nutrient
profiles. In AAFCO. Oxford, ind. Pp. 126-141.
AOAC. 2000. Official Method of Analysis. 17th ed. Association of Analytical Chemists, Maryland.
Elias, C., Fernandes, E.A.N., Bacchi, M.A., Radioanal, J., Nucl. Ch. 291 (2012) 245-250
NRC., (2006). Nutrient Requirement of dogs and cats. Animal Nutrition Series. The Nat. Acad.
Press. Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu.
Peterson, M.E., (2011). Optional protein requirements for older cats with hyperthyroidism
html.http//:endocrinevet.blogspot.com
Smith, F. (2008).Cat food standard by Association of America Feed Control Officials. Retrieved
from :hhtp//www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+2244&aid=657