Alien Invaders - Digital Commons of Moss Landing Marine
Transcription
Alien Invaders - Digital Commons of Moss Landing Marine
Volum e 11, Number 1 Winter 2004 FR I ENDS O F MOSS LAND I NG MARINE LABORATORIES Alien Invaders: /.,.., ... ( -~)~ II ··~ I \ /tf By Nick We/schmeyo-, ' ~~ ~, Evaluation of Ballast Water Treatment on Ships - ,' . 1) .-_;;.' ; @ are substantial; the full ballast load fron / , ' " .a typical ocean container vessel would f \ _ ~ €~ team consisting of sciOne of the largest threats m thecoast fill about 10 of the Olym pic pools at en~ts{frpm Moss Landing Marine of California is invasive, non-native spethe Monterey Sports Center. T he only -! · Lab~ories (Principal Investigators: cies. An invasive species is an organism approved method of mitigating the /;;~· Nick'Welsduneyer and Rusty Fairey) I: I III I I 1 clur does nor natural ly occur in a specific ballast water problem is open-ocean ,, : ~~ the Romberg Tiburon Center babirat and whose introduction may exchange. In this procedure, water is { 1for Environmental Studies (Principal cause harm to native ecosystems. They __. taken on board from one coasral port, . Investigator: Stephen Bollens) evaluared then emptied and refilled with openthe Optimar UV/H ydrocyclone b lmay o utcompete or prey on native species, altering food webs, habitat structure ocean surface water (far from cl1e coast:li last treatment system. This system uses and even personal property. Invasions of ecosystem) before it is de-ballasted in the ultraviolet light to kill small organisms port of destination. T he strategy assmnes in ballast water; the 'hydrocyclone' erenon-native organisms result in the loss of global biodiversity, from which the financoastal and oceanic species will have poor arcs a cyclonic flow pattern that sepasurvivorship when transplanted between rates larger organisms out of the flow cial damage may reach many billions of dollars, as evidenced by Zebra mussel their native habitats; importantly, the by cenrrifugal me-ans. T he scientific task invasions in the Great Lakes. strategy also exploits the well know fact was fudy straightforward - ev:liuare the that plankton concentrations are subsurvivorship of ballast water organisms The uansporr of alien, non-native organsrantially lower in oceanic blue-water isms in ship ballast water is considered sires, thereby minimizing the biomass one of rhe primary mechanisms for the released in coastal ports. Unfortunately, spread of aquatic invasive species. Ballast the open-ocean exchange policy is coscly water is pumped in and out of ships ro and applies only to vessels making transtrim the vessels for ~tabiliry and maneuoceanic crossings. verability. Unfortunately, millions of small organisms are easily rra.nsported in Regulators, environmental scientists and b:lilast tanks from one area of the world the maritime industry have sought engito another, causing non-native invasions. neering solutions ro the ballasr problem. The volmnes of water considered here Methods currently being tested to treat ballast water and eliminate non-native organisms include filtration, sterilization by ozone, ultra-violet light, electric currents, heat treatment and-chemical treatment with biocide~. All of~~e techniques must be f fe: envirortmenrally acceptable and cost effective ro,be implemented by ships worldwide, b~t to date, Sean Avent, Tam \i>ss and Eli I.rmdrau work below there is no official stamp of approval for decks sampling ba/Jn.rt watn: any of these rechniques. O·uiseliner Sea Princess wtlJ the site ofthe first study. continued on pnge 3 ... .'? 2 Notes from the Helm Dr. Kenneth Coale WAVF. is published by Friends of Moss Landing Marine Laborarori~-s. Inc., to inform imcrored members of the Monterey Bay communiry, alumni and mhcr research and ~:due-a. cion in.stirurions abour current MI.ML activirit:S and events of the l~riends of MLML. For more information, please call (831) 771-4100 or write Friends of MLML. 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss I.Jnding, CA 95039. Or visit the MLML website: www.mlml.calstatc.cdu Editors: Lisa Uual, ' lraci Prude, Michad Ri&by Designer: Michael Rig~by Contributors: Kenneth Coale, jonad1an Geller, Donna Kline, James Nybakkcn, Traci Prude, Lisa Unal, N ick Wdschm~:yer Illustrations: Elkhorn Slough Nacional Esruarine Research Reserve, Kmtcn Carlson, Lynn McMasters, Bruce Stewart All materials in this publication are the properry of Friends of Moss Lmding Marine Laboratories, Inc. unless orhcnvisc norcd in rcxt and credits. Reprodncrion and distribution of all or any part is expressly prohibited without wrirrcn permission of the Director, hicnds ofMLMJ " Inc. Printed on recycled paper. © 2004 Friends ofMLML, Inc. MLML GRADUATES: SUMMER 2003 Patrick Mitts (SjSU) Deposition and provenat1ce of modern coarse sediment in Momerey Submarine Car1yon. Employment: MBARl Pat McMillan (SFSU) Microhabirar Distriburions ofJuvenile Hydrothermal Vent Gastropods. Employment: SCR!PPS Kimbedy Pugliese (SFSU) A Pigment-based Analysis ofProchlorophyte SedimenCJ.rion losses. Employmeru: NOM Judah Goldba:g (CSUMB) Domoic acid in the lxnd-Uc fOOd~ ofMommy &y, CA Employment: C..onsulting F1ID1, Searrle, WA Director of MLML ln the words of our uew governor, "This New Year brings many new hopes at1d challenges." Ours are dosely tied m the state hudger. Now unfolding before us, one might expect more challenges than hope. · Rese:uch Center; the California State University's Center for Integrative Coastal Observation, Research and Education; the Al liance for Coa.stal Technologies and rhe Antarctic Marin~: Living Resources Program. In sp ite of the cutbacks we face, our talemed taculty and staff now raise more extramural funding than ever before. research is ar an all-time high , new studem faces continually grace our halls and rhe new year loob bright. Discoveries in the marine cnvironmem are always exciting and we welcomt: you ro come and see for yourself Conract rhe friends ahour a Lab visit, brighten our halls and rake advamage of the Friends' Seminars. ln spite o f fiscal difficu lties, the excitement of the natural world continues ro inspire us all. We are lucky to anno unce the hiring of a new Diving Safety Officer and Temporary Faculty member: Dr. Diana Sreller who just completed her Ph.D. at UC Santa Cruz. We have a searc h underway for a Physical Oceanograph er and several federal initiatives have passed rhe Senate for an anricipared $8 million in federal support for MLML and MLML partner programs this next year. These include the MLML Pacific Shark Sherry Palacios (SJSU) Eelgrass response to C02 enrichment: Possible impam of dimate change ru1d potential for rcmcdiarion of coastal hahirars. Ph.D. Program, UCSC We wish you rhe best in this New Year. Kenn e th Coale Anu Kumar (CSUF) Abundance of blue whale calls off Cenrral C..alifOrnia u~ing a seaBoor-mounted hydrophone. Employment: Gt.1.)-Marine lnc., Newport News, VA. FALL 2003 Sh annon Jo hnson (SJSU) Molecular ar1alysis of s<::nlement panerns of the California (Mytilus cnlifomiant<J) and Blue (M. trossulus and M. galloprovinciali;) mussels in Moss Landing, CA. Employment: MBAR.l Chad King (SJSU) The effects of subsrratum instability, monomorphic symbiosis at1d irradiar1ce on d1e asexual reproduction of a subtropical anemone in rhe Gulf of California. Employment: MBNMS J oann a Grebel (SJSU) Age, growth, and marurity of cabezon, (Scorpaenichtbys mrzmwratus), in CA. Theresa Friend (CSCS) C<"phalopod remains fi·om the sromach~ of ~perm whales rhat mass stranded on the Oregon coast. Employmem: VaxGen, SF Nicolas Ladizinsky (CSUMBl The inHuence of dissolved copper on the production of domoic acid by Pseudonitzschia species in Monterey Bay CA. Employment: SFSU/Romberg Tiburon Cenrer Steve Watt (CSUMB) Monitoring d1e surf-zone release of fine-grained sediment dredged from the f-lu Sanra Cruz harbor imo rhe Sat1ta Cruz Bight, CA. Winter 2004 3 continuedji'Om pttge I ... subjected to trearmenr and concrol conditions aboard ship. Unfortunately, organisms in ballasr water include almost every group of major taxa in the ocean. Viruses, bacteria, phytoplankton, seaweeds, invertebrates and fish have been documented in discharged ballast water. There is no single rest that can be applied generically to seawater to test the 'dead or alive' condition for all orga..usms. Thus, a ream effort with m ultiple assays wa.~ used by the researchers ro focus on the fhosr ahwldanr groups-viruses, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton (all of wluch have been implicated as potential invaders). menr. At rhe lugh 8ow rates produced by ballast pumps, the exposure rime in the UV sterilizer averages only abour 1 second. Thus, che lN energy dose must be massive and the optical conditions must be just right. fr was clear rhat the transition from benchtop designs to real-rime ship operations Three cruises (from Long Beach, CA to various Mexican ports) aboard the passenger cruiseliner Conmi~r ships such as rhu cnn rmnsporr invasive sprcies nround tht world Sea Princess were conducted in rhe past two years. 1wo additional was larger than anticipated. The treatment system was reanalyzed, rebuilt, and installed cruises aboard the Marson container vessel anew for the third cruise aboard d1e Sea Rj Pftiffir were completed last summer berween Oakland and H onolulu (allowing Princess and scientific results improved draan evaluation of UV treatmenr compared matically. Cruise-based assays showed mearhese . surable effects of UV tr~tment on bacteria, to opeu ocean exchange). Both vessels represent cooperative efforrs on , phytoplankton, and zooplankton, relative to controls (sec helow). The hydrocyclone porthe parr of the maritime industry ro seck-' tion of the rcearmenr only removed the very a solution ro the ballast problem. Ship's largest of creatures which were scarce; thereengineering and operating crews actively fore, irs general effect was considered small parricipated in the installation and operarelative to d1e UV sterilization. cion of the treatment systems. During these cruises, scientists donned rheir sea Overall, the UV ballast treaunem system legs and went into the bowels of the ship m conduce their experiments. Engineers was shown ro he effective; that is, crearmem samples indeed showed reduced from Hyde Marine (ballast treatment survivorship relative ro controls. However, contractors) provided in-line sampling rb.e·quanrirative cvalnation of creatmenr pores along rhe ballast piping system that allowed water to be san1pled before and ..,. effectiveness proved robe uicky, since the organisms do not necessarily 'disintegrate' after UV/hydrocyclone treatments. afrer UV uearmem. For example, in many The implementation of d1e ballast rreatcases the abundance of bacteria, determined microscopically, was the same in treatment ment system in routine ship operation and control samples. However, their ability proved to be an engineering challenge. . Disappointingly, results from the first two ro grow, measmcd in bacterial culture platcruises revealed no measurable effi:ct of the ing experiments, was significantly reduced UV/hydrocyclone rreannenr. Corrosion, in lN trearmenr samples. Methods used to evaluate survivorship included laborious miscued valves and ship vibrations played visu:li i.nspecrion of larger zooplankton, as havoc ar all rimes on the large-scale equip- of well a~ biochemical assays of 'live' plankron. One novel instrument for assessing phytoplankton physiological srare was a pulsed fluorometer which measures the Auorescence characteristics of the algae. The instrument produces an i~sranraneous graphical chart, analogous to a hospital EKG monitor, which clearly showed effects to the lN treated samples, relative to controls. The "percent-kill" varied widely depending on the rest and the length of time allowed for kill ro rake hold. In some case~ ATP was reduced ro 10% of its original conccn eracion and no culrurahle bacteria could be detected in treated samples. The UV/hydrocyclone system installed on the comainer ship R} Pfeiffer was tested late last summer. Again, numerous changes in installation design wen~ made over the first 6 months of trial operation; vibrational conditio~s down in du: engine room of rhc freighter were even more severe than those of the cruiseliner. The results fi·om the surruner R} Pftiffir cruises were again encouraging. Some assays showed UV treatment effects on harbor warer that brought concentrations (ATP) and survivorship m levels comparable co the ocean-exchange treatments. This is a substantial accomplishment since plankton biomass for some: organism groups was more chan 10 rimes lower in the open ocean than in Honolulu Harbor. The information learned during these cruises was encouraging. Improvements in lN dosage and srabilicy are being engineered in newly assembled systems by Hyde Marine. By nearing ballast water. we may be able ro partially mirigate the invasion of non-native species and, thereby, maintain the habitat srrucrure and biodiversity of our coastal waters. 4 \Vavr With music by the Bye Bye Blues Boy Band and Jazz Landing sounding tlliough MLML's hallways, Friends members, fac ulty, staff, students and others from the community came together on the hillside for the sixth Endless ,Summer celebration on October 4, 2003 to celebrate and support MLML research, education and co nservation . A bun of acrivity took place with bids on auction irems soaring, wine flowing and great food served by Michael's Catering. . 1gsrrved up ' CatCTII !vfichat! s afoast. W in ter 2004 5 Thanks to Our Endless Summer Contributors! Our Sponsors Special Thanks &Uingcr, Poster & St.:inmeii Duke Energy North Americ-a First National Bank of C:nrral CalifOrnia Granite Construaion Monte!".:)' Bay Aquarium R=rch Insrirure Ryan, McDonald & Kincheloe James Cochran Our Event Organizers Dcmi Bri>c<X Kayccy Garrone C1rol Maehr ~1arlenc Marrin Twci Prud<:: Lisa Uttal Our Event Volunteers Daniele Ardizzone Louise Broob Edd Burron Doug Conlin Chanrt Davis Ralph Dzuro Jason felton Brooke l'lammang Kendra Hayashi Vida KeJ1k Donna Kline Tom LaHm: Jim Nybakkcn Mu Oversnom-Coleman Amber Phillip~ Bcrh Phillips Mike Pinro He:~rher Hobinson Liz Sassone Rhea Saunders Karc Sawyers Tim Schaadr DawnT.tnner Tom Wadsworrh Gala Wagner Bridger Wam Jennefi:r Wineman William Cochran Laura Dippold IWph Dwro Barry Giles Burch Linley (AucLionc:r) Lynn McMasters MiLhad's Catering Mission Linen Service Bye Bye Blues Boy Band jazz Landing Our Wine/Beverage Donors Bernardus Winery & Vimyard Bonny Donn Winery Andy c..a.~~ Charcau Julien Joullian Vineyards Lockwood Vineyards Morgan Winery j im Nybakken S. Marrinelli & Company Vcnrana Vineyards Our Auction Donors A Tasre ofMonn:rey Adventures by the Sea Ahlgren Viney:ud Aircraft Papicr Mache Mobile.~ Ambiance Fashions America's Finest City DL'tidand Jazz Socicty Angie'$ llouriqu~ Annie Gla.~ Antonelli Brothers Begonia Garden • ' Aptos Bike Ti·ail Apros Dog and Car G rooming Aurumn Bonnema, The Soap Bubbl.: ' Ban1boo He~f Bargerro Winery Bay Boob d Lois DeVogeleare. Ri.ck Starr with AndreW an Bay Photo Lab of Monrerey Bay Photo Lab of Soquel Bella Rosa Betsy's Flowers Big Kahtma Big Sur Land Trust Billy Quon's Blue Water Ventures BlueDog/RodrigtJe Srudio Bob Phillips & Friends Book~hop Santa Cruz Boulder Creek Brcwen• & Cafe ' Brinron's Bruce Stewarr Bulhmania Byingron Winery and Vineyard Captain's Inn at Moss Landing Carol Machr & K~n Blovd Carel] 7.aehn Carol Baker Silk Arr Chardonnay II Chris' Fishing Trips Cibo Ristor.mre Italiano Coopcr-Garrod Esrare Vineyard~ Demi Briscoe Design Center/The Furnirure Mart Dick Bruhn Dixieland Munrc:rey Don Wolf Eco Goods Ed Huenerfaurh Edd & l"orma Burron El Palomar Elke & Dclaila Unfixgerrablc Art! ~m Native Planr Nursery Elkhorn Slough Poundarion F.lkhorn Slough Safari f:salen Institute Farm Hakery and Cafe rarWest Nurseries E<Sc Frame Firsr Awakenings Fishwife R6taurant Fleer Feet Forr Ord Bureau of Land Managemenr Frans Lancing Inc. Friends of rhe Se:1 Orrer Gabriela Vega Gayle's Bakery ~md Rosricceria Georgia Ann Brown Gr-asing's Green's Camera World Hands On T herapy Hannah Nevins & Josh Adams Haute Enchilada Hellam's Tobacco Shop Highlands fnn, P:uk Hyatt Carmel Holly Heffner Ideal Bar & Grill lnrernational Cuisine lnrercidal Aquaf:u:ms Inc. Jane Schuyn:ma Joe Rombi's La Mia Cucina Juanira Davi~ Kary's Place Kayak Connection Kenny Stahl Kisren Carlson Knitting rhe Sea Ltrry & Jean Horan Laura Dippold Lighrhou.~e Bistro March Hare Mark Arcias Jewelers Mary J3alzer Buskirk Moner"s Garden Momerey Abalone Company Momerey Bay Blues l;esrival Monterey Bay Dive C:nrer MonrcrL'Y Bay Kayab Monrerey Bay Lodge Monrer<.y B(\y National Mu:ine SanauaJ) fuunduioo Monterey Book Works Monterey Plaza Hnrel & Spa Moum Madonna Cenrer Music Boxes of C..a.rmcl My Museum Nancy Burncrr Narasha Narional Steinbeck Center Nepenthe Resrauram Nickelodeon 1bearres North Spirit Photography Oceanic Socicry Expeditions Old Momcrcy Cafe On The Be-Jch Surf Shop Orion Telescopes & Binoculars Paci fie Grove Floral Pacific Reperrory Theaue Passionfuh Pacisscrie Boissicrc Rt:sra.uranr & Bakery Pebble Beach Company Peppers Mexicali Cafe Pere Irish Designs Petra Resrauranr Phil's Fish Marker & Eatery Poer and Parriot Irish Pub Quail Lodge Rcsorr & Golf C lub by Renee Sayer Wence Fine Arts Richard Herberr Rich:utl Schmidt Surf School Rick Moss Roaring Camp, & Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railrodd RobmTalborr Rosie's Kitchen Rosine's Restamanr Saks 5rh Ave. Santa Cruz Coftcc Roasring Company Sardine Factory Savannah-Chanelle Vineyanls Sea Challenger~. Inc. Sea Srudios Scnaror Bruce McPhcr~on SicrraAzul Nurscn' and G-,uden . Spa on The Plaza ar the Doublerree Sunshine Freesryle Sus;ut Wallace Barnes Swenson & Silacci, Flowers & Gifts, Inc. The Bird Feeder The: Clothing Store: The Firsr Nod ·n1e ughrs of Rome The Loose Noodle Pasra House The Marone rr;n Tillie Gorr's Toa..~cics Cafe Tom Wylie & Dave Wahle Tonatiuh Trejo Tory Raggett Trader Joes Warer Solutions Wcl!Wichin Wild Bird Center 6 Wtwe ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Molecular Ecology at MLML By Dr. jonathan CeDer The lnvcrtebrare Zoology laboratory ar the Moss Lmding Marine Laboratories is led by Dr. Jonathan Geller, who took over this posicion when Dr: James Nybakken recin..'Cl in the faU of 1998. Dr. Geller teaches Invertebmte Zoology and Macine Ecology, but also has a new aJUI5e in marine molecular biology and biotechnology. The research hy Dr. Geller and graduate srudems in the Invertebrate Zoology lab also hrtS a molecular flavor. The general theme is d1e application of molecular tools ro questions abour marine invertebrates and their interactions with each other arrd their environment-what is now often referred co as "molecular t>cology." Research topics io the lnvertehi"Jte Zoology laborarory are diverse, bttt em bt broadly cttegorized as involving ma1ine conservation biology, and genomic approaches ro invertebrate evolutionary biology. In the area of marine conservation biology, Dr. Geller and his srudcnrs have primarily focused on the issue of biological invasions. Past pro jeers have used molecular techniques co derecr invasions, track their sources, and srudy the population genetic consequences of the invasion process. , For example, mussels in the genus .Mytilus are f.uniliar in Cal.ilOmkts bays, bur genetic rechniques have Wl<XJVI:red. the presence ofa European invader mingled with our native species. "These mussels cannot be distinguised reliably by shape, size, or color: Molecular markcrs uncovered the distribution of the invader (mostly in southem Cal.ilOmia) and shoWed that the exotic and narive mussels arc hybridizing, pre;eming a threat co the pristine, narive gene pool. Because DNA is preserved in museum specimens, Dr. Geller was able co show that southern C'llifomian mi..ISSCI populations in the 1850's wae native, implying that the European specie; aaived later and perhaps displaced the native ~pecies. Another project rargeted cl1e inrroducetl northern European Green crab, Ctm:nius nutenas. Molecular markers rcvealec.l rhar a sibling species with a Mediterranean origin exists, and lm invac.led South Africa and Japan along wirh che northern species. Molecular analysis of the C.alifornia invasion by green crabs shows tbar these crabs did not come c.lireccly co California from Europe but instead came from New England, which was invaded abour !00 years prior. A similarly delayed leap-frog invasion ofTasmania from Australia \vas detected. These cases suggest that m:u1y invasions spread not by natural dispersal, but by human acriviries. Also in the area of conservation biology, the Invertebrate Zoology laboratory ha~ invt'Stigated genetic scructure.in populations ofan exploited sea cururnber, IsostichopLtS fitscJts, in the Galapagos Islands. MLML graduate Heather I.ohr an..Uy.t..ed nutochond.ri..U DNA variation in populacioru fiom me Galapagos lsland, mainland .Ecuador, and the Gulf of California to show a high rare of gene Bow between concin..:mal South America and the islands. but litde g~ecic exchange with central America. Although these data do suggest char sea cuctunber larvae fiom rhe mainland may recruit to the Galap-,tgos, it remains uncertain whether currenr level.~ ofexploitation can be stL~ined. In the are-a of evolutionary biology, rhc focus has been on the evolution of sym· biosis, clonaliry, and allotecognilion in sea anemones. Many se-a anemones (as well as corals and other invertebrates) host phorosynthetic microorganisms (called zooxanthellae) in a symbiotic relationship: the sea anemone gets a energetic boost, and the zooxam hellae get a home. However, not all sea anemones or corals host zooxanthellae, which suggest either they lack the ability to form such partnerships--or that the partncrshjp is not always beneficial. By studying rhe evolutionary relationships in one group of sea anemones, Dr. Geller has shown r:har symbiotic parmerships form and dissolve over evolutionary rime. Thus, it appears that nonsymbiotic species have the poremial ro host zooxanthdlae bur simply do nor. This observation provokes questions about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in symbiosis, as well as the ecological situations in which partnerships are favorable. The Invertebrate Zoology lab has adopted functional genomic merhods-the analysis of gene expression----to in~ the genes dult regulate symbiosis. Sea anemones, like many invertebrate animals, ctn reprodu~ ac;exually by splitting their bodies in rwo or pieces and .ocgrowing lost parts. Similar ro symbiosis, this type of clonal reproduction comes and goes over evolutionary rime, and the Invertebrate Zoology lab is using genomic methods ro isolare the genes that control fission in sea anemones to rry to understand how fission "re-evolves" over and ~n. bstly, Dr. Geller has received an award from the National Science Foundation to invesdgate genes thar control allorecognrion-the ability of organisms to recognize the distinction berween chei r own tissues and tho~e of another individual. Allorecognirion is Familiar to us in rerm~ of organ transplants. An organ transplam will typically be rejected unless tbe donor is a immunological "march." For htunans, our immune system mediates allorecognition. Allorecognition is an ancient phenomenon, however, and sea anemones recognize other sea anemones by touch and display aggressive behaviors coward them. Clonemates, produced by fission, :u·e nwer attacked. Dr. Geller is working to isolate and done the receptor molecules that conrrol allorecognition in St>a :u1emones and investigate their relationship, if any, ro the inunuoe systems of other organisms. 7 Winter 2004 ~ What's Dr. Bill Broenkow retires as head of MLML's Physical Oceanography Lab. His future plam include building a boat and conrinuing his research at MLML on the MOBY projecr, a 50-foot long, oneton marine optical buoy that measures light leaving rhe sea surface and compares it ro satellite measuremems. To learn more about the MOBY project log on ro www. mlml. calstate. edulgrotepslphysocel pbyintro.htm Students in Dr. Jim Harvey's Marine Birds and Mammals class are reconsrrucring the skeleton of a gray whale (I::schrichtis robmtus) as part of their curricu lum. T he skeleton wi ll be on display as visitors approach MLML's main lab building. M LML welcomes back Dr. Diana Steller, an alumnus, as irs new Diving Safety Officer! She will be managing MLML's dive program and co-reaching a course in Baja. Mexico this semester. Diana's research interests are in marine botany and the subtidal ecology of macrophyre dominated habitats. ·~ ;~ New at MLML? ~ Dr. Toby Garfield, an Associate Professor of Geosciences at San Francisco State University, is MLMI:S new Visiting Facul ry member. His recem projects have focused on upwelling in Bodega Bay and flow of the Catifomia Current and Undercurrent. Whlle at ML.ML, he is reaching Physical Oceanography and coordinating rhe CI-CORE (Cemer for Integrative Coastal Observarion, Research and Educacion) Program. Read more about Dr. Garfield and his research on his home page at http://buoy.sfiu.edul%7egmfte-ldl Dr. Jonathan Geller, MLMCs Invertebrate Zoologist, is on sabbatical for the 20032004 academic year, sojourning at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. CUirently, he is working with colleagues at the Smithsonian Institution on a study of trans-continental marine invaders- species rhat originated in bays and esruaries of the eastern United States and are now established locally. Learn about other exciting projects in MLM I..S Invertebrate Zoology Lah at www. mimi. en/state. edulgroupslinvertl invert2.1mn ~~ ~ ~ New crew joins the RIV Pt. Sm~ Marc Pearson and Yury Lazutkin come aboard as the ship's new Chief Engineer and Assistant Engineer. In 2004, the RJV Pr. Sur will expand irs home range and embark on cruises ro Mexico and the Columbia River in O regon. To find our more about the sh ip and the Marine Operations Program at MLML visit www. mimi. calsrate.edulmarinopsl marin_ops.htm Dr. Gustavo Hernandez, a Professor at ClCIMAR (Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas) in La Paz. Mexico, joins the Phycology Lab at MLML through July 2004. He is ragging drifting beds ofkelp in the Monterey Bay to study dispersal in this group of algae. To learn more about the Phycology Llb visir kapster. mimi. en/state. edul Friends Thanks PG&E 2003 DR. EAR L H. & ETHYL M . MYERS AWARD S RECIPIENTS Award Recipients, from ltft to right: Bridget WallS, Tonatiuh Trejo, (.'/Jris Rinewalt, Louise Brooks. Myas Representatwt Suve Ruth, Daniele Ardizzone, Be1h Phillips, Latmt Bodmsteinn Elimlxth Gumtlxr Fmmz, Environme11tol1idmical Specialist, and wendy Sarsfield PG&E "Pm1!71tative. join Fxmuivr Din:,r{)r List/ Utrttl andMIML Director Krnneth Coale on Jolm Marti11s Point of View Frimds thtmks PG&Efor rhrir corttribution ofnin~ St:a Datn! R1cer lmrpemture sensor uniu to mppqrtji1tzm' l'f'f l!mt'h nt MUvfL B THANKS TO OUR 2003 CON1RIBUTORS! NEW MEMBERS ~) indicnto· !lfiML 11/urmm< Donald & Dianne Watson Sarah Wilkin (A) Michel & Susan Willey Beverly Young Dave Zeller LeRoy & Colleen Zenker STUDENT BENEFACTOR jon Anderson Ana Garcia-Garcia Elisa Gill Carol A Hartman Frances Karg Kdlie Long-Hayden Trudv Mi ller Ma~~rie Siegel (A) Michelle Vickers INDIVIDUAL Carroll Briggs Ron Gravdles Richard & Joyce Johnson Allen Andrews (A) Nancy Ausonio Robert F. Barr~inski, Jr. (A) Carla Benejarn (A) Mark & Marian Blum Bob Breen Pcrcr Buzanski Jenny Carless 13ecky Christensen Roberr D. Clark Matthew Coale Joanne Duffield Roberr C & Susan R. Dutton Ki p Eastman (A) Gordon Fircstcin Stacey Flora Missy Gibbs (A) Neil Glickstein (A) & Barbara Kelley Jon Goerzl (A) David Golden Karen Grove Alistair Hamil ron (A) Kathryn Hannay Art Haselrine Debbie Hunrer (A) Tun j effers Wayne Kelly Kim Kiest (A) Sracy Kim (A) Lori Lange Valera Lyles Jim Oakden (A) Thomas Okey (A) Jane Orhuch N icolas Papadakis Angelita Partido Lar~ Pkrce Pau la Porrer Bonnie Ross (A) Barbara Schwefd Harvey Scudder Sue Shaw (A) Howard Shellham mer Mark Stephenson (A) Kimberly Raurn-Suryar~ (A) & Rob Suryan (A) Ttrn Thomas EricTvnan Julie Veitch Mary Marma Waln Dcrlef A Warnke Bruce Welden (A} Mark Wieland Deb Wilson-Var~denbcrg Sally Witrlinger (A) Don Wolf Julie Work Beck Donna Ziel SENIOR Floyd Bolton Elaine Dawson An Edw:uds Natalie A. Hopkins Nancy Kraus LenoreLuscher Alan & Lotte Marcus Jerry & Barbara 1\:ewcomer Howard Robinson Lindley & Judy Sloan Cornelia Spanier Mary Scernath Emily 'lrine Clarice Wiggins INDIVIDUAL Carmella Corrigan Karen Dellabarca Ga il Dinsmore Kimberly Dozier 'Iobv Garfield Ste;e Hillyard Walter Hurst Jason Reed Ceci lia Suriano Gri ffin Ttng Drake Vaughan Wiles FAMILY Harold & Doris Auerbach Karhy Bcsag Leslie Foote & C'..olin Ahern Joan Gardner (A) & Alexander Shor Mike Grah~rn (A) & Lara Ferry-Graham (A) Alan & Bet!:}' Ann Hedegard Bob & Ann Hestand 13iU & Shirley Jankowski Tom LaHue & Fan1ily Levy Fanuly Patricia McNeill Joh n & Kathleen Musser Brian Orrne Jeannene Rawlsky & Doug Feinsod Stephen & \Xlendie Ryter Jeri Scheller PHILANTHROPIST Pete & june C-arrwright Susan & Kenneth Coale RENEWING MEMBERS STUDENT MJtt Howes Jodi Brewster (A) Michael Edelen Hannah Nevins (A) & Josh Adams (A) Lila Jean Primm (A) William Watson (A) SENIOR Terry Allen Paul Andriese Dick & Anita Arthur Judirh Bcadc (A} Harvey Bennett Albert Bisson Robert I. Rowrnan Martin Brirran Jad in Bumlaff Esther Carlyle Durod1y M. Carnie Harry & Alison Chastain Elbert & Nancy Cole Don Dorsey Robert & Denyse Frischmurh Russ Jeffries Linda Jordan (A) James Kelley Kniftcn Family William & Sue Lawson Leland & Judy Lewis Bill LindsJy Evelyn C. Lundstrom Ann H . Mack Elen.ita Mathew Georgina Mendes Alan Pabst Joseph & Patricia Perry Elizabeth M. Prince Paul Rohrer Larry Small (A) Pearl M. Sonoda Jack & Geneva Sperow ]<xph D. & l3eatria: M Suryan Anrhony & Anna Tasca Polly Thomas Edward & Allen~ Whalen Helen J. Windllarn FAMILY Shane (A) & G:nny And=on Frank Andrews & Robin Vanoni Tony (A) & Tanp Bennett Scott Benwn (A) & Karen Forney Edwina Bent & Kauhanen Fan1ily Ron & Deborah Bini Joseph 13. & Bernadette 13izzarro Joe & Christine Bowes Lee & Donna (A) BradfOrd And1ony & Dorothy Budlong & Lisa Monica Burke (A) & ·lam Reid Rob Burron & Kmty Uschyk Don (A) & Mir.mda Can~uu Sal & Angie Cardinale Mark Carr (A) & Mary Perez (A) Steve (A) & !vlaJiberh Oark Ross (A) & Shivaun Clark & Malena George & Bonnie Clark Howard & Lynn Chl.S!itn 1},miel Cohn .J udid1 Connor & Michael Vassar P.urick (A) & Kailiy C'.nnroy Don & Diane Cooley W:1.yne & Linda Cnmm Teri Curtis Brend:l.n (A) & Beamer Daly Alex Darocy & Colette King Jean (A) & usa De Marignac Aldo & Pam De Rose Andn:w (A) & Lois De Vogclacrc William Drake Phillip M. & Kan:n Drayer Donald E (A) & Cymhia Eliason C11uck (A} & Ruth Evans Mike Foster & Linda Martin (A) Torn & Cathy Gardner Garv & Maw:u:n Girard Jo Guern:ro (A) & John Oliver Philip & Miriam Hawthorne ll1omas G. Heinemann Charle5 & Ann Holland Zam Hymarron (A) & Tan= Sasili (A) Richard & Annie lbara Pt-rc & Sharon Irish Joni & AndrLw Janccki Ken & Rvwena Jensen Joseph & Jane Jewett Mark & Maria l<a;mapu Scoa & Alex (A) Kanalakis Michael Kellogg (A) & Linda Crisostomo Mid1ad (A) & Marth Kmiler Steve Kester Marga= Kim Allen & K1y King Raphael Kudela & Sarm Schuster Lovell & Libby [;mgmoth Ralph & Sandy Larson Roben & Susan Lea Skip & Mary Anne Uoyd Kevin Lohman & Narasha rlechsig Dennis & Mary Beth Long Susan C. McBride (A) Ray & Judy McClain Todd & Louise Newberry Richard Norris & Salle Hayden James (A) & Bette Nybakken Krista O'Connor John O 'Sullivan & Karen Grimmer Frank (A) & Duane (A) 0' Sullivan Jeffrey & Jennifer Paduan John & Vicki Pearse F.d Pearson & Joan Leong David & Betty Powell Jon &lory Raggett NL:m & Rose Raisz Bub & Bernadette Ramer (i\) Gary Ray & Kary C'l.ltagna DJn & Carol Retx.l Chip Rerig & Can:n Braby (A) Mark (A) & jane Silberstein (A) Howam & Nancy Sporleder Diane Sreiger & 1-amiJy Janet Stein (A) & Eric Da Ro.o;a Tun & Judy Stevens Richard & ML-gttmi Srrathmann D-1ve & Jan Srn:ig Jon Talbott John (A) & Susu1·1arpley (A) Larry 13. & JoAnn "laylor Torn & I'rudy Tucker Gilbcrr (A) & Michelle (A) Van Dvkhuizen Farron Wallace & Cheryl Richter Kerstin Wasson & Bruce l¥On f-red Watson & Susan Alexander Steve K Webster Michelle White & Tomo Eguchi (A) Mlchad & Carol Will= Keid1 & &:rry Woodwick Mary Yoklavich (A) & Jim Harvey(A) Cheryl Ann & l&han:l Zimmer 9 Winr<r 1004 BENEFACTOR SPONSOR Alan & SheiiJ Baldridge Susan Barnes Margan~t G. Bradbury Jim Brennan (A) Demi & Rich Briscoe Rene' & Lois Caillier Gregor Caillier Harry S. Chong & Emma Dong Curt &Judirh Collins Prank & Debby Degnan Eric & Teresa Del Picro Sur: Dolkas Robert Garrison David L Garrison (A) Kaycey Garrone David & Jean Gmbost Rick & Karen Hargrove Holly Heffner R:tndy & b.urd Hickok Ed & Lil Huenerfauch Don & Kare Hutchison Mark & Jill Johnen I\ like & Mary K.analakis Vida Kenk & William Minkel Thomas R. Kic:ckhefer (A) Jerry & Diane Kruse Les Lange Stephen & Madeline Lasley Nick 1ombardo Ned & Carol Lyke Carol Machr & Ken Blood Marc Mangel Vicki Mansfield (A) Mark-ne Martin & Andrew Marrin John & Megan Martinelli & Family Thomas McCullough Basil 1\1il6 H.micr 1\.firteldorf !Vicrrill & Lee Newm;m Joy B. Osborne Mike & Diane Pimo Bruce Robison Warren Schm idt Peggy Shirrel Phyllis Simpkins Peter Slattery (A) Jim & Linda Snook Karin Strasscr-Kauffman Nancy Towle Michad & Neal McMah•m Rick Starr & Mary Annan MaryTulli~ Bill & Cecy Ussler David & Diane Venrrcsca John W. & Margaret P. Williams P.tul & Jennefcr Wineman Marsha McMahan Zelus Sreve Zlotkin PATRON Edd & Norma Burron Judy McMee Gerry Selcer Matthew Linlt: Charlorre P. Loeh Jeff Meyer Henry & Aru1c Mollet Julie Packard BUSINESS AFFILIATE BUSINESS PATRON Curley & Boorrcn Co. ($5000+) Duke Enc:rro' North America BUSINE~S ASSOCIATE ($500-2 99) LIFE MEMBER Mary R. C..oalc Gary Greene William Head ($2500-4999) Chevron Research & "technology Co. 1-lrsr Narional Bank of G:nrral California ($250-499) PHILANTHROPIST lin<Dln & M:uy Louise Muse; BUSINESS DONOR Duke Energy-Moss Landing Power Plant Rapid Primers of Monterey SPECIAL I GENERAL FUND DONORS Gregor Caillier Carmela Bay Carden \.tub Central Coast Lighthouse Keepers Elkhorn Slough f oundation Nick & Mary Welschmcyc:r IN-KIND DONORS Jaclin Bum.laff · Gregor Caillier David Chc:J>r:more Mike Donnellan (A) Pacific Gas & Elccrm: Bob & Mary Pankonin Oorochy Parker Wt71Jr CREATURE FEATURE . Batillaria attramentaria- an Alien in the Slough B_y D1: james Nybttklun was introduced direcdywhc::n these exotic oysters were planted in the slough. One ~'t<'P on tbe upper and mid-tidal mudBats of Elkhorn Slough and ym1 will come upon one of the:: most abundanr invertebrates, an introduced Japanese mud snail, Batillmia atl77l11JelltrlrUt. lt can be found in huge densities of2,000-l0,000 individuals pc::r square meter, and s.inee the adtdQ. are abour 5 an in lc::ngrh and are found on the surface of the mud Bat:. and around d1e hascs of thc-pickleweed (Salicomi,l spJ planes, tht.y are nearly impossible to overlook. B. tlttmmentar.tl was probably introduced Grst ro li)males Bay in the 1930's, inadvertently with the PacifiL oyster. GtwostrM gigfl.f, and ~ubSC(juenrly ro many other California bays. Oysters were rulrivarcd in 8khorn Slough during the early 1930's and it is possible tbar the snail 2003 SCHOLARSHIPS John Martin Scholarship Louise Brooks, Mm·ine Bird, Mammal dr Turtle Laboratory: Foraging Ecology 'of Et1st Pacific green tzmle, Chelonia mydas, in Baja California Su1; Mexico. Professor: Dr. Jim Harvey Kim Peppard M emorial Scholarship Lnura Bodensteiner, Chemical Oceanogmpby Labomtmy: Seagrfl.fsSedimenr Interactions: Enhanced Oxygm ii-ansport by Turtlegrass, Thalassia tesrudinum, into Sediments to Resolve the Carbouate Dissolution Budget. Professor: Dr. Kenneth Coale Martha Johnston Memorial Scholarship Shamw1l jolmso11, lnve~"tebrate Zoology lAboratory: Molecular Anabrsis ofSetdement and Hybridization vfthc California Mtme! Mytilus californian us, Bay Mt~S.Se! M. trossulus, and the Invasive Blue Mussel, M. galloprovincialis, in Moss fflnding, Califomia. Professor. Dr. Jonathan Geller ;;> The native California hom mail CetithidM californica is considered by many ro be an ecological equivalent of B. atrmmmto.ria as both occupy the same habitat and utilize similar resources. Several .~tudies, including a dtesis l>y Moss Landing student Sean McDermott, have demonstrated thar B. attrammtaria displaces C ct.difornica and compericivdy excludes it from most haLirats where both co-occur. The result ha.s been rhat B. attramentaria bas replaced C californica in many California estuaries. B. tlttmmentaria seems to competitively exclude C ralifornim Ray Cannon M emorial Scholarship Hannah N evillS, Mari11e Bird. Mammal rmd Turtle Lab: Foraging ecology, movements, and diving behavior ofCommon M urre in Monterey Bay. CA. Professor: Dr. Ji m Harvey Archimedes Scholarship Aaron Carlisle: Spatial and Temporal Patterns ofMovement and Habitat Utilization ofAdult andjuvenile Lcvpard Sharks in Elkhorn Slough, Ol. Professor: Dr. Greg Caillier STUDENT AWARDS Melissa (Mahoney) Stevens (SFSU) MotlteiY!J Bay Aqumium/MLML 2003 Western Division and Cal-Neva C hapter AFS Joint Annual Meeti ng: Best Student Presentation Runner-up for ';4ge, Growtb, and Radiometric Age Validation of Blackgill Rockfish. " Louise Brooks (SJSU) 2003 CoUege of Science, Dean's Scholas -v~\S:: - by having lower mortality, which is in parr because it i.~ inf<:cted by only one trematode parasite, whc.:re 18 species of trematodes UU1 be found in C. mlifornicn! Many years . of searching by Moss Landing facu1ry and student.~ have failed to rum up any C califomictl dead or alive in Elkhorn Slough. 2003 PACKARD GRANTS 2003 Packard Grants to support researd1 nr presentation of thesis resulQ.. Shannon Johnson: Moleculfl7' muzlysis of settlement ofthe Califomia musseL Mytilus califumianus, the btzy mussel, M. trosswus, a11d the invasilll' blue mussel, M. galloprovincialis, i11 Moss l.ttnding. C.A Eric Sa11doval: The tjfer:ts ofntgosity and habitat stmctU17! on a bentbic kelp forest community in Montm:y Bay, 01. 'Ihet-esn Friend: Gphalnpod 17:/IIJlins jivm tbe stomachs ofsperm whales t!Ja:t mnss snrmded on rhe Oregon cottsl. Tiffany Brookens: Men:my concenhntions andfood /Jabits ofPacific harbor seal, _ Phoca vinilina richasdi, in Tomnles and Sm Francisco Ba_ys, C4. Elw zbetll Phillips: Pncific btlrbor seq/ (Phoca viruli na richardsi) captive foeding 5tudy: An examination ofscnt a1111[ysis biases. Stmi Oats: Survivt.z/, movements, rmdfomging ecology ofweanedpup and subadult Pacific harbor seal (Phoca virulina richardsi) along Cen!Tal California. Louise Bmoks: Foraging ecology ofEast Pacific f:17!e11 n~rt!c (Otelonia mydas) in Baja ' \\ I / ' Califomia Sur, Mexico. 11 Winter 2004 Friends Update Over the last year, we saw over GOOO vis- Jacobson who comes ro us with itors stro ng business acumen and an to the Labs with increased demands by the public to learn more about Join Friends! incredible emhusiasm for the ocean. marine and coastal research. Populations continue to grow along our central coast, Lf you are driving by on tlighway One making it even more critical for Friends in Moss Landing, we invite you to share M LML's scien tific discoveries and research. to Become a Friend of Mo.ss Landing Marine Lahor:uories and receive d<csc benefits: suppon for J\,1l.Ml. in fimhering research, education J.nd conservation in marine and coastal environment~, receive a subso iption to om newslener, V0HP, advance notices abour Friends aaivities and programs, and discmum ro Friends evenrs. rake a momem ro drop into rhe La.bs for a quick peek of the entire Monterey Bay from our h illside. lt is a sight not to be T he building of rhe Ml.ML Coastal missed and we feel very tornmate to be Boardwalk is a top priority fo r Friends. able to share ir with you! Choose one of the following: We have designed 24 imerpretive signs that will tell cultural and natural history stories about our hillside. We arc D Student D Senior Cirizen D lndividudl D Family Lisa Uttal Executive Director anxious ro break ground at the north , D end of the Labs where rhe trail begins c D Sponsor ~ in a cypress and eucalyptus grove. From this parr of the trail, there are breathta king views into the Salinas Valley, 0 D D Bencfiu.:tor Pat ron Philanrhropisr $15 $25 $35 $50 $ ! 00 $250 $500 $1000+ Additionally, please accepr my contribution of. c ..; Moss Land ing ha rbor and ~ Momerey Bay. Friends is pleased to $ for Friend's gener.tl fund , aoJ/or $ fur Friend's student scholarship fimd. NAME announce the hiring of MLML graduate stu- ADDRESS dent Kendra Hayashi to work on retail and CITY alumnae matters. STATE ZIP CODE We are also fortunate to continue to bring PHONE incredible expertise to our Board of Director~ by welcom in g Chuck Standing: Traci Prude, Richard jolmson Seated· Carol Maehr, Lisa Utta4 Kendm Hayashi 2003 GRANTING FOUNDATIONS Friends rhank the following foundations and organizations who generously provide E·MAIL I was/am: D a MLML student; D MI.ML staff; D Mllv1L faculty Payment method: D Check* D MasterCard D Visa (~mtlke checks ptqabk to Friends ofMLML, inc., no cash p!ease) rheir support hel ping us achieve our mission. David and Lucile Packard foundation Ponet Sesnon Foundation Duke Energy Norrh America Sony USA foundation Inc. CREDIT CARD # EXP. DATE Fluke Fou ndation United Way of Monterey County SIGNATURE John and Nancy Love FOLmdation Dave & Judi Zaches Please complete this foon and send it, along with your payment. to: Friends of Moss Landing Marine Laboralorie$. 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing. CA 95039. You can contact Friends of MLML at (831) 7714100 [email protected]. Friends ofMoss Lmding Marine Laboratories support the research, educatiotl mul conservation ll!ork ofMoss Lmuling Mm-ine Lnboratories. Nl>N~ROFIT OR.GANll.ATION BULl< RATF U. S PO«;TAC;L PAID PERMIT • 13 ~lOSS LANDINO, C:A Friends of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Inc. 8272 Moss Lancling Road Moss Landing, CA 95039 BOARD OF DIRECTORS OFFICERS President: Richard Nurrer Ch;Ur: Jim Nybakken Ph.D. Vice Chair: Marlene Martin Secretary: Mike Pimo Treasurer: Randy Hickok BOARD MEMBERS Dcmi Briscoe Edd Burton Gregor Cailliet, Ph.D. Cun Collins, Ph.D. Gary Greene, Ph.D. Chuck Jacobson Kenneth Johnson, Ph.D. Vida Kenk, Ph.D. Tom LaHue, DVM, DACVS John O 'Sullivan Jennefer Wineman ADVISORY COUNCIL Andrew DeVogelaere. Ph.D. Dave Epel, Ph.D. Kaycey Garrone William Head, Ph.D. Scorr Hennessey Lester Lange, Ph.D. Susan Marscdla~ James Mauison, M.D. Michael McMahan Mike Prince Bruce Robison, Ph.D. Mark Silberstein Karin Strasser Kauffman Les Strnad Steven K. Webster, Ph.D. EX. OFFICIO Kc.meth Coole. Ph.D. LEGAL COUNSEL Laurence Horan and Gary Schwanz (Horan, Lloyd. Karachale, Dyer. Schwanz, Law & C..ook, Inc.) STAFF Executive Direccor: Lisa Urral Education Specialist: Traci Prude Graduate Srudenr Office Assistant: Kendra Hayashi Volwueers: Carol Maehr, Richard Johnson DoN'T MISS MLML's OPEN HOUSE Saturday & Sunday April 17 & 18, 2004 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ~::::--,_ ~ Enjoy delicious food! ~~ Meet our faculty, staff and students! Get an insider's look at our research labs! Explore careers in Marine Biology and Oceanography! Enjoy fun activities like fish printing, puppet shows and touch tanks! Plus learn abOut the biology of sharks and rays, vvhales, shore birds, ~ktnn, algae; dMng under the ice in AntarcOCa; hydrolhennal ven1s; native dune plants; ageing fish and corals; expbing the deplhs of lhe Monterey Submarine Canyon; doning anemooes and using sateMes to monitor the ocean! To be hdd at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Rd., Moss Landing, CA This event is free and open to rhe public. Reservations are not required For more information please call the friends of MLML at (831) 771--4100.