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Sarajevo, 2005.
Predsjednik uređivačkog odbora
Jasminko Akšamija
Glavni i odgovorni urednik
mr. Nedžad Rešidbegović
Za redakciju
mr. Jasminko Mulaomerović
Stručni saradnici
mr. Sonja Dujmović
Elma Kadrispahić
dr. Husnija Kamberović
mr. Vera Katz
Valerijan Žujo
Likovno oblikovanje
Aleksandar Kordić
Izbor fotografi ja
Munib Sarić
Lektor
mr. Džafer Obradović
Prevodilac
Ida Delić
Sadržaj
Istorijski razvoj
poštanskog, telegrafskog
i telefonskog saobraćaja
7
u Bosni i Hercegovini
U odbrani države
i civilizacijskih
postignuća
Period poslijeratne
rekonstrukcije
i obnove PTT sistema
Razvoj PTT-a
nakon 2000 godine
Historic Development
of the Postal, Telegraphic
and Telephone Traffic
in BIH
37
75
133
Defending Country
and Civilization’s
Achievements
The Period of postwar
Reconstruction
of the PTT system
Development
of the PTT BIH
after 2000
O
duvijek su ljudi imali potrebu putovati,
komunicirati jedni s drugima, upućivati
i primati poruke, razmjenjivati pisma i
dokumente, slati razne pošiljke i novac.
Tokom povijesti oblici komuniciranja među ljudima i načini
prenošenja poruka razvijali su se od najjednostavnijih
i najprimitivnijih formi u najstarijim vremenima
(kao što su dimni signali, usmene poruke i slično) do
najsuvremenijih metoda komuniciranja početkom trećega
milenija (Internet). Od glasnika, koji su prenosili poruke s
jednoga na drugo mjesto, do suvremenih načina prenošenja
poruka, ljudski rod je koristio bezbroj metoda i tehnika
komuniciranja; napredak u načinima komuniciranja među
ljudima najbolji je pokazatelj civilizacijskoga napretka
jedne zajednice.
P
eople have always had a need to travel,
communicate with each other, exchange
letters and send various postal items. During
the history, forms of communication between
people and ways of message delivery have evolved from the
most simple forms in ancient times (such as smoke signals,
oral messages, etc.) to modern communication methods at
the beginning of the third millennium (the Internet). From
messengers who transferred news from one place to another,
to present ways of transmission of messages, people have
used an infinite number of communication techniques and
methods; Progress of communication methods is the best
indicator of a community’s civilization and progress.
Istorijski razvoj
poštanskog, telegrafskog
i telefonskog saobraćaja
u Bosni i Hercegovini
Historic Development
of the Postal, Telegraphic
and Telephone Traffic in BIH
U
Bosni i Hercegovini ljudi su sigurno i u najranije doba
međusobno komunicirali, a imali su i potrebu za slanjem
i primanjem vijesti iz svijeta. Nisu poznati svi načini komunikacije i prijenosa vijesti u Bosni u najstarije doba, ali
je izvesno da nisu pronađeni podaci o postojanju glasničke službe u
doba srednjovjekovne bosanske države. Tada su vijesti prenosili najčešće trgovci, a tek u osmansko doba javljaju se prvi oblici funkcioniranja
poštanskog saobraćaja, pri čemu su prvi prenosioci poruka bili kuriri,
glasnici, tatari i trgovci kiridžije. U prvo vrijeme nisu bile uređene pošte niti tačno određeni pravci i vrijeme slanja pošiljki, ali je Bosna kao
tranzitni prostor služila i za prijenos vijesti i pošiljki između Evrope
i Osmanskog carstva. Prvi put je 1812. godine tačno određeno vrijeme odlaska i povratka pošte i to na relaciji Pariz – Carigrad, koja je
kroz Bosnu prolazila iz pravca Kostajnice preko Banje Luke, Travnika,
Sarajeva, Foče i dalje preko Pljevalja i Skoplja za Carigrad. Tada je,
zahvaljujući velikom utjecaju Francuske na Balkanu, uspostavljena tzv.
“francuska pošta” kojom je, zbog trgovine pamukom, rukovodila francuska trgovačka kuća Fraissinet čije je sarajevsko sjedište bilo u hanu
Kolobara. U to doba sarajevska pošta je imala i svoj žig sa natpisom
“Bosna Sarai”.
BANJA LUKA
MOSTAR
BIHAĆ
MOSTAR
BIJELJINA
BOSANSKI BROD
Žigovi pošta / Postal seals
8
I
n early times people in Bosnia and Herzegovina undoubtedly exchanged news and information with the rest of the world. We
are not familiar with all forms of communication and methods of
news exchange in early times in Bosnia, but it is certain that no
evidences on the existence of a message delivery service were found during the period of medieval Bosnian state. During this period, news were
most often transferred by tradesmen, and it was not until the Ottoman
period that the first forms of a postal service activities appeared, and the
first messengers were couriers, heralds, Tartars and tradesmen. In the
first period, neither post offices nor specific messengers’ routes and the
time of sending were determined and specified, but Bosnia as a transitional area also served for transfer of the news and messages between
Europe and the Ottoman Empire. In 1812, for the first time a precisely
specified time of departure and return of a mail was determined on the
route Paris – Constantinople, which passed through Bosnia from the
direction of Pljevlje and Skopje to Constantinople. At that time, due
to considerable influence of France on Balkans, so called “The French
Post” was established which due to the cotton trade, was governed by
French trade store Fraissinet with its headquarters in Sarajevo hostelry
Kolobara. At that time the post in Sarajevo had its own seal with the
inscription “Bosna Sarai”.
TRAVNIK
SARAJEVO
TUZLA
BRČKO
VIŠEGRAD
LIVNO
Žigovi pošta / Postal seals
9
Poštanska marka
“Bosna sarai”
/ Postal stamp
“Bosna sarai”
Menzilhane su u osmansko doba bile poštanske stanice udaljene
jedna od druge toliko da se taj put može preći za dan jahanja na konju.
Imale su uvijek određeni broj osedlanih konja spremnih za jahanje. Za
funkcioniranje menzilhana bili su odgovorni posebni državni službenici
– menzildžije.
Prve menzilhane u Bosni su otvorene u 18. stoljeću. Nalazile su
se na glavnim poštanskim putevima koji su vodili iz Carigrada u pravcu
Sarajeva, Mostara, Travnika, Tuzle i Broda.
U Bosni je u prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća postojala privatna pošta.
Naime, od 1836. do 1848. sarajevski trgovac Špiro Rajković imao je
koncesiju za prijenos poštanskih pošiljki od Sarajeva do Bosanskog
Broda. Ovom poštom, koja je bila smještena u Tašlihanu, prenošene su
razne pošiljke, uključujući i novac, ali je poštarina bila jako visoka. “Od
Sarajeva do Broda i obratno poštu je prenosio ‘jedan Musliman, Juruk
u torbi’. Ovaj poštar raspoznavao se od ostalih ljudi po tome što je oko
koljena nosio zvono. U Slavonskom Brodu poštu je preuzimao izvjesni
Mušicki i dalje otpremao austrijskom poštom. Poštu iz Broda Juruk je
donosio u Sarajevo i predavao je Rajkoviću, a ovaj je u magazi isporučivao prispjele pošiljke”.
Turski period
Godine 1850. u Sarajevu je otvorena i tzv. Konzulova pošta, koja je
austrijskom konzulatu služila za prijenos pošte, ali su se njome služili i
engleski, talijanski, francuski i ruski konzulati. Iz Sarajeva ovom linijom
“pošta se otpremala svakog četvrtka, a prenosio ju je poštar na konju.
Put od Sarajeva do Broda i obratno poštar je prelazio za devet dana”.
I, tako, dok su funkcionirale razne privatne pošte, francuska pošta,
Konzulova pošta, … Bosna je ostajala bez redovnog državnog poštanskog
saobraćaja i državnih poštanskih stanica. Funkciju državnih poštanskih
stanica obavljale su telegrafske stanice, koje se u Bosni prvi puta javljaju
1858, kada je uvedena telegrafska linija Mostar – Metković. Ovo je važno
spomenuti jer pokazuje da je Bosna bila uključena u međunarodni telegrafski saobraćaj prije nego u telegrafski saobraćaj unutar Osmanskog
carstva. Uvođenje telegrafa bilo je pravi revolucionarni tehničko-tehnološki događaj u razvoju komunikacija među ljudima.
Risto Ivanišević, trgovac iz Mostara, o uvođenju prvoga telegrafa ostavio je slijedeći zapis: “U Mostaru nije bilo brzojava, te je sa
10
During the Ottoman period post offices were called
Menzilhane, and the distance between them could be covered in
a day of a horse ride. They always
had a certain number of saddled
horses ready for riding. Special
state officials were responsible for
the proper operation of menzilhane,
and they were called menzildzije.
The first menzilhane in
Bosnia started operation in the
18th century. They were placed at
the main post routes from Constantinople to Sarajevo, Mostar, Travnik
Tuzla and Brod.
In the first half of 19th century a private post office existed in
Bosnia. From 1836 to 1848, Sarajevo salesman Spiro Rajkovic had a
concession for a mail transfer from Sarajevo to Bosanski Brod. This post
office was situated in Tashlihan, and letters and various postal items were
transferred, but a postage rate was very high. “From Sarajevo to Brod
mail was carried over by ‘a Muslim, Juruk, in his bag’. The postman
was recognized by a bell tied up around his knee. In Slavonski Brod the
mail was handed over to a man called Musicki who further forwarded
the mail by the Austria Post. Juruk carried the mail from Brod back to
Sarajevo and handed it over to Mr. Rajkovic who delivered it.”
Stanica za kočije Bočac
na putu B.Luka–Jajce
/ Coach station Bocac
on road B.Luka–Jajce
Turkish Period
In 1850 so called the Consul Post Office was established in Sarajevo,
and was used by the Austrian Consulate for a mail transfer, but also
by the British, Italian, French and Russian Consulates. From Sarajevo
“mail was transferred every Thursday by a draught horse and a postman”. The distance from Sarajevo to Brod and back to Sarajevo was
covered in 9 days.”
While various private post offices operated on the territory of
Bosnia, there was neither regular postal service on the state level nor
state post offices. Telegraph offices, which for the first time were established in 1858 in Bosnia, when the telegraphic line Mostar–Metkovic
11
Zgrada prve telegrafske
centrale u Sarajevu
iz 1864 g. / The first
central telegraph building in
Sarajevo from 1864
12
Metkovića doveden i namjestili su stanicu u Rustanbegov konak, sina Ali-paše
Rizvanbegovića, ondje gdje je sada mitropolija. Kad su ga namjestili nisu vjerovali, naročito Turci, govorili su da su
uhvatili džinskog cara, te ga zatvorili, te
im on kazuje, šta se radi. Bijaše iz Sarajeva
Mehmed-aga Ćemerlić, kontradžija, davaše vojsci hranu te im rekne: ja ću sada znati
znaju li ti brzojavi sa odgovorom plaćenim
na Filipa Dominikovića iz Metkovića i
upita ga je li došlo žito Ćemerlića, dobije
odgovor da nije došlo niti se zna da li će
doći, te se po ovome uvjeri da ono kucajući nešto zna”.
Sredinom 19. stoljeća, u vrijeme vladavine Topal Osmanpaše (1861–1869), uvode se u Bosni stalne poštanske linije, ali se u poštanskom saobraćaju prijenos pošiljki obavljao
zaprežnim kolima i tovarnim konjima koji su bili “osamareni naročitim samarima na koje su se mogla natovariti dva velika sanduka.
U sanduke su se stavljale vreće s pismima, zatim kese s novčanim pošiljkama. U poštanskoj stanici sanduci se zaključavaju i plomviraju”.
Sarajevo je 1860. povezano telegrafskom linijom sa Carigradom.
Poštanske usluge su, osim telegrafskih stanica, obavljale i pojedine policijske kancelarije, kao i kadijske kancelarije, koje su također služile kao
mjesta sakupljanja poštanskih pošiljki. Budući da u svim kadilucima
nije bilo pošte, odlučeno je da i oni kadiluci gdje ne postoje telegraf i pošta imaju po jednog službenika koji će jedanput sedmično nositi pisma
do najbliže poštanske stanice. Važnost poštanskog saobraćaja pokazuje
i činjenica da su pojedine novine, koje su izlazile u Bosni u 19. stoljeću,
vrijeme svoga izlaženja prilagođavale vremenu dolaska pošte u grad gdje
su izlazile.
U Sarajevu je oko 1864. u Konak-ulici (Bistrik) izgrađena prva
prikladnija zgrada za poštansku stanicu. Dotada u ovom gradu, kao ni
u cijeloj BiH, nije bilo takvih poštanskih ustanova. “Zgrada poštanske
stanice razlikovala se od drugih zgrada u gradu po spoljnjem obilježju i
unutrašnjem uređenju. Na zgradi se oko 1868. nalazila tabla s nazivom
pošte (…) Unutrašnje uređenje poštanske stanice bilo je prilagođeno
njenoj funkciji, ali opšti izgled ostavljao je utisak nerazvijenosti i primitivizma (…) Namještaj u pošti bio je vrlo oskudan: samo jedan sto,
was installed, conducted the work of the state post offices. This is important for it indicates that Bosnia was integrated in the international telegraphic traffic even before it was a part of the telegraphic traffic within
the Ottoman Empire. The establishment of the telegraphic system was
a technical and technological revolutionary event in the development of
communication between people.
Risto Ivanisevic, a salesman from Mostar, left a following note on
the occasion of a installment of the first telegraph: “Mostar was without
a telegraph, so they had brought it from Metkovic and installed the
station in the Rustanbeg quarters, which belonged to the son of Ali
Pasha–Rizvanbegovic, where a mitropolitanate is situated now. When
they installed it, they could not believe it, especially the Turks, who
thought they had seized a Jinn’s king,
captured him, and it was he who had
been speaking through this mysterious device. A man named Mehmed
Aga Cemerlic lived in Sarajevo, who
used to give a food to an army, and
who once wanted to test this strange
and unusual device, so he sent a
question to Filip Dominikovic from
Metkovic whether the crop has arrived, and he indeed did get an answer that the crop has not arrived
and it is not certain whether it would
arrive or not, so he was convinced
that this strange device knows something.”
In the mid of the 19 century, during a reign of Topal Osman Pasha
(1861 – 1869) regular postal routes were established. Mail and various
items were transported by a horse–drawn cart and draught–horses “saddled by a special pack–saddle which could be loaded with two big chest
boxes. These boxes most often contained sacks with letters and bags
with remittances. These chest boxes were locked and sealed in the post
office.”
In 1860 a telegraphic line had been established between Sarajevo
and Constantinople. Besides telegraphic offices, police and cadi (judge)
offices also conducted postal services and served as a place for the collection of letters and consignments. Since post offices had not been established in all parishes, it was decided that those parishes which were
Pismo iz turskog perioda
/ A letter from the Turkish
period
13
Poštanskа markа
iz austro–ugarskog
perioda
/ Postal stamp from
Austro–Hungarian period
stolica i velika korpa u koju se bacaju pisma”. Još lošije stanje je bilo u poštanskim stanicama po drugim
gradovima Bosne i Hercegovine.
O funkcioniranju poštanskog saobraćaja u
Bosni vodila je računa vilajetska Uprava za telegraf i
poštu, u okviru koje je djelovala posebna Generalna
direkcija telegrafa i pošta.
Koncem osmanske vladavine vilajetska uprava
je predložila novu koncepciju povezivanja poštanskih puteva koji su povezivali razne dijelova Bosne,
ali ovaj projekt osmanska uprava nije imala vremena realizirati.
U Bosni su koncem osmanske vladavine, kao i u većini drugih
evropskih zemalja, utvrđene norme u poštanskom saobraćaju, koje su
dobrim dijelom ostale na snazi i dan-danas. “Tako, naprimjer, u pisma
je bilo zabranjeno da se stavljaju novac i dokumenti; preporučena pisma
se stavljaju u kovertu i moraju biti zapečaćena najmanje na tri mjesta;
predaju se specijalnom službeniku, a pošiljac dobija potvrdu o predaji;
ukoliko bi se preporučeno pismo izgubilo – pošta je bila obavezna da pošiljaocu nadoknadi štetu; taksa za neplaćena pisma uzimaće se prilikom
isporuke. Pisma koja su putovala bez naplaćene takse bila su obilježana
posebnom markom cement-boje. (…)
Osim pisama, novina, časopisa, poštom je bio dozvoljen prijenos raznih spisa, paketa i drugih vrijednosti (zlatni i srebreni novac, nakit, trgovačka roba, slike, knjige, geografske karte), ali pod uslovom da, prema svom
obimu i veličini, mogu stati u
poštansku torbu”.
Telegrafista / A telegraphist
14
without a post office or a telegraph, have a postal
official who would carry letters to the closest post
office once a week. The importance of a postal traffic
indicates a fact that certain newspapers were published on a day of a mail arrival in a town.
In 1864 a first proper building for the post office
was built in Sarajevo in Konak Street (Bistrik). Until
then, in this city and in all Bosnia and Herzegovina,
there was no such postal institution. “The Post Office
building differed from others both in internal decoration and external peculiarities. In 1868, at the top of the building was
a board with the name of the post (...) . Internal decoration of the post
office was adapted to its function, but the overall appearance made an
impression of underdevelopment and primitiveness (...). The furniture
in the post office was very modest: a table, a chair and a big box for letters.” In the post offices in other towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina the
situation was even worse.
The region’s administration for the telegraph and post was responsible for the regular operation of the postal traffic in Bosnia, within
which operated the General Directorate for the Telegraph and Post.
At the end of the Ottoman reign, the region’s administration suggested a new concept for the connection of the postal routes which connected different parts of Bosnia, but the Ottoman administration did
not have enough time for the implementation of this project.
At the end of the Ottoman reign in Bosnia, certain standards
were established for the postal traffic as in other European countries,
which for the greater part remained effective even today. “For example,
it was forbidden to put money or documents in the letters; registered letters were to be put in a envelope and sealed at least at three places; they
were handed over to a special employee, and a sender received confirmation of delivery; if the registered letter was lost, the post was obliged to
compensate it to a sender; a tax for unpaid letters were to be paid at the
moment of delivery. Those letters that were transported unpaid, were
marked with the special cement–colored stamp. (...)
Along with letters, newspapers and journals, transport of various
documents, packages and other valuable things (golden and silver coins,
jewelry, merchandise, paintings, books, maps, etc.) was allowed under
the condition that they fit the post bag in size and volume.”
Poštanskа markа
iz austro–ugarskog
perioda
/ Postal stamp from
Austro–Hungarian period
15
Period austro-ugarske uprave
U osmansko doba Bosna i Hercegovina je dobila modernu poštansku i telegrafsku mrežu, a u austrougarsko doba ta mreža se znatno
proširila i u funkciju je uvedena još i telefonska mreža. Za vrijeme okupacije prvo je trebalo organizirati prijem, transport i dostavu pisama,
novina i novčanih pošiljki za potrebe vojske, pa su organizirane tzv.
ratne pošte, koje su nakon skršenog otpora prerasle u vojne pošte. Za
vrijeme austrougarske uprave u BiH je otvoreno ukupno 150 poštanskih
stanica, a prijenos poštanskih pošiljki obavljao se konjima, kolima sa
konjskom zapregom i željeznicom.
U austrougarsko doba poštanski saobraćaj je znatno moderniziran, uvedeni su poštanski sandučići, znatno je intenzivirana izdavačka
djelatnost poštanskih maraka, a vrsta poštanskih usluga je veoma proširena. Bilo je moguće obavljati sve poštanske usluge: razmjenu svih vrsta
pisama (običnih, preporučenih, ekspresnih, vrijednosnih), slanje paketa,
uplate i isplate štednih uloga, prodaju i transport novina i časopisa…
Slično poštanskom saobraćaju razvijala se i telegrafska služba.
Uoči Prvog svjetskog rata ukupno je 196 mjesta u BiH bilo uključeno u
telegrafsku mrežu, pri čemu je važno istaknuti činjenicu da je izuzetno
dobro funkcionirala telegrafska veza ne samo unutar zemlje nego i sa
udaljenijim mjestima (npr. Sarajevo je imalo direktnu telegrafsku vezu
Poštansko vozilo ispred
zgrade pošte u Bihaću
/ Postal lorry in front of the
post building in Bihac
16
The Period of Austro–Hungarian
Administration
During the Ottoman period, Bosnia and Herzegovina established modern postal and telegraph network, which during the Austro–
Hungarian period was expanded. Moreover, telephone network was
brought into operation. During the time of the occupation, it was necessary to organize transport and exchange of letters, newspapers and
remittances for the army needs, therefore, so called war posts were organized, which when the resistance was crushed, have developed into
the army post. During the Austro–Hungarian administration in BIH,
altogether 150 post offices had been opened, and the mail was transported by the horses, horse–drawn carts and a railway.
During this period, the postal service had been considerably
modernized, post boxes were introduced, the issuing of post stamps was
intensified and a range of post services was broadened. It was possible
to use all kinds of services: exchange of all kinds of letters (ordinary,
registered, express, valuable, etc.), parcels, deposits and disbursements
of savings account, sale and transport, newspapers and journals...
A telegraph service was developing similar to the postal traffic.
At the beginning of the World War I, totally 196 towns in BIH were
within the telegraph network, and it is important to emphasize that the
Zgrada pošte u Tuzli
/ Post building in Tuzla
17
Platno Gabrijela Jurkića
sa motivom Pošte na
Obali /Painting by Gabrijel
Jurkić, the theme of Post
office Obala
18
sa Bečom, Budimpeštom, Gracom, Zagrebom, Osijekom, Splitom,
Dubrovnikom, Užicem i Carigradom).
Već od 1879. bilo je moguće putem telegrafa slati novac između
pojedinih mjesta u BiH i odredišta u ostalim krajevima Austro-Ugarske
monarhije u kojima je postojala državna telegrafska veza. Od 1884, pored običnih saopćenja, bilo je moguće slati i hitne telegrame, ali se za tu
uslugu plaćala trostruka tarifa.
Međutim, telegrafu se kao najozbiljniji konkurent pojavio telefon.
Uvođenje telefona u komunikaciju među ljudima, ne samo u BiH, predstavljalo je pravi revolucionarni poduhvat “jer pisanje depeša zahtijeva
vremena, ali pisanje riječi, koje se čuju kao iz usta mnogo je lakše, pri
tome čuje se na ovoj spravi prirodni glas čovjeka, koji je sigurniji nego
potpis”. Telefon je u Bosni prvi put je upotrijebljen 1882. godine za
potrebe vojske i administracije, dok su privatna lica bila isključena iz
njegove upotrebe. Tek krajem 1894, instaliranjem gradske telefonske
stanice u Sarajevu, učinjeni su prvi krupniji koraci ka javnom telefonskom saobraćaju, i to tako da je stanovništvu dopušteno korištenje telefona u slučaju neke opasnosti (požar, nesreća i slično). Bili su to tzv.
“dojavni” telefoni, dok je izgradnja telefonske mreže u Sarajevu trajala
sve do 1898. godine. Svečano otvaranje javnog telefonskog saobraćaja
u Sarajevu obavljeno je 16. novembra 1898, a nakon toga se mreža javnog telefonskog sabraćaja širi i na druge krajeve Bosne i Hercegovine,
pa je do kraja Prvog svjetskog rata u 52 naselja bila izgrađena mreža
telegraph link functioned well, not only within the country but also
on long–distance routes (e.g. Sarajevo had a direct telegraph link with
Wiena, Budapest, Gratz, Zagreb, Osijek, Split, Dubrovnik, Uzice and
Constantinople).
Since 1879 it was possible to send money between certain towns
in BIH and to other regions of the Austro–Hungarian Empire where
a state telegraph line was established. Since 1884, besides regular messages, it was possible to send an emergency telegrams, but a triple tariff
had to be paid.
However, a new serious competition to a telegraph has appeared
– a telephone. Introducing a telephone as a new way of communication
between people represented a true revolution, not only in BIH “because
writing telegrams takes time, but writing words that you can hear is
much easier, and with the help of this device one can hear a natural voice
of a man, which is more certain than his signature.” For the first time
the telephone in BIH was used in 1882 for the needs of the army and
administration, while private individuals did not have access to it. Only
near the end of 1894, the first steps were made toward the public telephone service by the installment of the city telephone
office, so the people were allowed to use the telephone in
a case of a emergency situation (fire, accident, etc.). These
were so called “emergency” telephones, while the construction of telephone network in Sarajevo lasted
until 1898. The opening ceremony of the
public telephone service in Sarajevo
was conducted on November 16th,
1898, and after that, the public
telephone network was expanding to other regions of Bosnia
and Herzegovina, and until
the end of the World War
I, in 52 communities the
telephone network was constructed. At the beginning
the telephone traffic was limited
on local telephone communication,
while long–distance telephone traffic was
established in 1903, when Bosanski Brod was connected with Hungarian telephone network. In the
19
Pošta i brzojav u Tuzli
/ Post office and telegraph
in Tuzla
20
telefonskog saobraćaja. U početku je telefonski saobraćaj bio ograničen
samo u okvire mjesnog telefonskog komuniciranja, dok je međumjesni
telefonski saobraćaj počeo funkcionirati 1903. kada je Bosanski Brod
povezan sa ugarskom telefonskom mrežom. U narednom razdoblju će
se ova mreža međugradskog i međunarodnog povezivanja početi širiti
(zapravo, radilo se o vezama BiH sa gradovima u Monarhiji, pa se one
u to doba nisu tretirale kao međunarodni saobraćaj). Koncem Prvog
svjetskog rata u BiH su bila ukupno 1284 telefonska pretplatnika, ali je
jedino Sarajevo imalo preko 100 pretplatnika (godine 1917. u Sarajevu
su bila ukupno 483 pretplatnika). Sve to pokazuje kako je razvoj telefonske mreže bio ipak slabo izražen i kako se telefonom koristio mali
broj ljudi, uglavnom pripadnika društvene elite i pripadnika organa vlasti, za razliku od pošte i telegrafa, kojima su se u većoj mjeri koristili i
pripadnici siromašnijih i srednjih slojeva društva.
Osim toga, mnogi telefonski pretplatnici u BiH nisu mogli aktivno sudjelovati u međugradskoim telefonskom saobraćaju, nego su u
njemu mogli učestvovati “pasivno” (tj. mogli su obavljati međugradske
razgovore tek ako ih neko nazove iz drugog grada). Uz postojanje tzv.
manualnih telefonskih centrala (centrale kod kojih se razgovori ne obavljaju izravnim uspostavljanjem veza, nego putem manipulanata), to je
next period this long–distance and international network would began
to expand (in fact cities of BIH were connected with other cities within
the Empire, so for that time it was not considered as the international
traffic). Near the end of the World War I in BIH, there were 1284
telephone subscribers, but only Sarajevo had over 1000 subscribers (in
1917 there were 483 subscribers in Sarajevo). This demonstrates that the
development of the telephone network was slow and that small group of
people used telephone, mainly the members of the high social class and
members of the state authorities, in contrast to the post and telegraph
that were more used by the members of middle class and people of the
low social standing.
Besides, many telephone subscribers in BIH could not actively
participate in long–distance communication, but only passively (they
could establish long–distance calls, only if someone calls them). With
the manual telephone exchanges (the calls were established through operators) the telephone traffic was slowly developing.
“The air transmission lines were applied in the construction of the
network. Holders with numerous wires were placed on many buildings
in the town, especially on the posts. Due to wind, snow and storms,
many air transmission lines have been broken, but some have retained
until today. At the beginning of 1913, the Directorate for the Post and
Telegraph in compliance with the city municipality in Sarajevo have
Linijsko poštansko
vozilo B.Novi–B.Petrovac
/ Post cab line
B.Novi–B.Petrovac
21
Telegraf / The telegraph
22
također ukazivalo na slabo razvijen
telefonski saobraćaj.
“U izgradnji mreže primjenjivani su, kao i za telegraf, vazdušni
vodovi. Na mnogim zgradama u
gradu, a naročito na poštanskim,
postavljani su nosači sa mnogobrojnim žicama. Usljed izloženosti
vjetru, snijegu i olujama, dolazilo je
do čestih prekida vazdušnih vodova, ali su se oni na manje značajnim
relacijama zadržali sve do danas.
Početkom 1913. god. Direkcija pošta
i telegrafa, u dogovoru sa Gradskom
opštinom u Sarajevu, planirala je
postavljanje ispod zemlje prvih telefonskih kablova. Za postavljanje vodova za privatne telefonske priključke preko tuđeg zemljišta bila je potrebna dozvola vlasnika zemljišta.
Brigu o održavanju priključnih vodova preuzimao je zakupnik telefona
ukoliko to nije povjerio pošti uz poseban paušal. Gradnja i održavanje
telefonskih uređaja u utvrđenjima i vojnim stražama, kao i željezničkog
telegrafa i telefona, bila je dužnost osoblja Direkcije pošta i telegrafa.
Privatni priključni vodovi nisu se smjeli postavljati na stupovima državnih i željezničkih telegrafa i telefona, već samo na vlastitom stubu”.
O pravilnom funkcioniranju poštanskog, telegrafskog i telefonskog saobraćaja u Bosni i Hercegovini za vrijeme austrougarske uprave
brinula se Direkcija pošta i telegrafa u Sarajevu. Sjedište Direkcije najprije je bilo smješteno blizu Konaka, potom u blizini Katedrale, a od
1913. u zgradi Glavne pošte, čija je izgradnja započela u proljeće 1911,
a svečano je otvorena 18. maja 1913. godine. U prizemlju Glavne pošte
odvijao se čitav saobraćaj (tu su šalteri za sve usluge), na prvom spratu je
bilo sjedište Direkcije pošta i telegrafa sa velikom dvoranom za konferencije, na drugom spratu su se nalazile telegrafske sekcije, a na trećem
telegrafski i telefonski uređaji. U podrumskim prostorijama nalazile su
se peći za centralno grijanje, restoran, soba za neoženjene činovnike,
soba za vojnike, kuhinja i prostor za kafedžiju.
Pošta, telefon i telegraf nisu zapošljavali veliki broj ljudi. Godine
1879. ukupno je bilo angažirano 376 osoba, a 1918. broj zaposlenog
osoblja iznosio je 1352. Zanimljivo je da čitavo vrijeme austrougarske
planned to install the first underground
cables. In order to install underground
cables for the private telephone connections, permission was required from a
land owner. A tenant took care of the
connection lines unless he consigned it
to the post with certain compensation.
Personnel from the Directorate for the
Post and Telegraph were in charge
of the construction and maintenance
of the telephones in the fortifications
and army guard sites, as well as of the
railway telegraph and telephone. It was
not allowed to install private connection lines on the state and railway telegraph and telephone’s posts, but only
on private posts”.
During the Austro–Hungarian
administration, the Directorate for
the Post and Telephone maintained a
proper functioning of post, telegraph
and telephone traffic in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. The Directorate was
situated near the Konak, afterwards
near the Cathedral, and since 1913 in
the building of the Main Post Office,
which construction began in the spring
of 1911 and the opening ceremony was held on the 18th of May 1913. At
the ground floor of the Main Post Office, the whole communications
took place (counters for all services have been placed there), at the first
floor the Directorate for the Post and Telegraph was situated, together
with a great conference hall; at the second floor there were telegraph
sections, and at the third floor, telegraph and telephone devices. In cellar rooms there were central heaters, restaurant, a room for single employees, a room for the soldiers, a kitchen and a space for a coffee house
keeper.
A small number of persons were employed by the Post, Telegraph
and Telephone (PTT). In 1879, the total number of employees was 376,
and in 1918 that number raised to 1352. It is interesting that during the
23
Službenici pošte Čapljina
iz 1910. g. / Post office
officials in Capljina, 1910
uprave prihodi telegrafa i
telefona nisu mogli pokrivati rashode, pa se uravnoteženje budžeta ostvarivalo
dotacijama Zemaljske vlade
u Sarajevu. Pa ipak, pošta,
telegraf i telefon u Bosni i
Hercegovini toga vremena
obavljali su sve usluge koje su
činile i ostale pošte u svijetu
(od slanja običnih pisama do
raznih reklama, porudžbina
i računa za kupljenu robu,
prepiski organa vlasti, te raznih drugih pošiljki). Godine
1897. BiH je postala i članicom Svjetskog poštanskog
saveza, čime su poštanske usluge u našoj zemlji dobile “sve karakteristike međunarodnog i unutrašnjeg saobraćaja onog vremena”.
Poštanski, telegrafski i telefonski
saobraćaj u Bosni i Hercegovini
za vrijeme Kraljevine Jugoslavije
Nakon Prvog svjetskog rata, u usporedbi sa ostalim krajevima Kraljevine
Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, Bosna i Hercegovina je posjedovala veoma
razvijenu mrežu i organizaciju poštanskog, telegrafskog i telefonskog
saobraćaja. Sve poštanske, telegrafske i telefonske institucije u BiH djelovale su u okviru Direkcije PTT u Sarajevu. Godine 1937. nadležnost
Direkcije PTT u Sarajevu proširena je i na pojedine oblasti u Srbiji
(užička oblast), Crnoj Gori (zetska oblast) i Hrvatskoj (dubrovačka
oblast), ali je iz njene nadležnosti izdvojena bihaćka oblast i pripojena
Direkciji PTT u Zagrebu.
U doba između dva svjetska rata poštanski, telegrafski i telefonski
saobraćaj u BiH se razvijao sporo. U prvoj fazi su uglavnom samo obnavljane poštanske, telegrafske i telefonske stanice koje su već djelovale
24
whole period of the Austro–Hungarian administration, incomes from
telegraph and telephones could not cover the expenses, so the budget was balanced with subsidies of the State Government in Sarajevo.
Nevertheless, The PTT in Bosnia and Herzegovina conducted all services as other posts in the world (from ordinary letters to advertisements,
orders and bills for purchased goods, documents, etc.). In 1897, Bosnia
and Herzegovina has become a member of the Universal Postal Union,
and postal services in our country acquired “all the characteristics of
international and internal traffic of that time.”
The PTT traffic in BIH During
the Period of the Kingdom of
Yugoslavia
After the World War I, in contrast to other regions of the Kingdom of
Serbs, Croats and Slovenians, Bosnia and Herzegovina had a very well
developed network and organization of postal, telegraph and telephone
communications. All postal, telegraph and telephone institutions in
BIH have worked within the PTT Directorate in Sarajevo. In 1937 the
competence of the PTT Directorate in Sarajevo was extended to certain
areas in Serbia (the Uzice region), Monte Negro (the Zeta region) and
Croatia (the region of Dubrovnik), whereas Bihac region was excluded
from its competence and joined to the PTT Directorate in Zagreb.
In the period between two world wars, postal, telegraph and
telephone traffic was slowly developing in BIH. In the first phase,
only postal, telegraph and telephone offices which operated during
the Austro–Hungarian period were reconstructed (e.g. in 1937 there
were 151 post offices in BIH, the number being the same as during
the Austro–Hungarian period when 150 posts were open). Telegraph
and telephone services were most often conducted by the posts. At the
beginning of 1920s, 122 telegraphs operated on the territory of BIH,
which is less than during the Austro–Hungarian period (127 telegraphs
operated), but it is evident that between the two wars, the telephone
traffic became more significant compared to the post and telegraph.
The reason is that the public telephone communications were not seriously damaged during the World War I. At the beginning of 1919, 60
25
Poštanska marka države
SHS / Postal stamp
of state of Serbs, Croats
and Slovenians
26
u doba austrougarske vladavine (naprimjer,
godine 1937. u BiH je postojala 151 pošta,
a to znači da je ostao isti broj kao i u doba
austrougarske uprave kada je otvoreno ukupno 150 pošta). Najčešće su poštansku, telegrafsku i telefonsku službu obavljale pošte.
Početkom 20-ih godina u BiH su radila 122
telegrafa, što je manje nego u doba austrougarske uprave (kada ih je radilo 127), ali
je primjetno da u doba između dva svjetska
rata veći značaj dobiva telefonski saobraćaj
u odnosu na poštu i telegraf. Posljedica je
to činjenice da javni telefonski saobraćaj
tokom Prvog svjetskog rata nije pretrpio znatnije poremećaje. Početkom
1919. već je bilo osposobljeno za rad 60 telefonskih stanica, što je za 8 više
u odnosu na doba austrougarske uprave. Već 1922. u BiH je bilo u funkciji
66 telefonskih centrala, a samo 1923. otvoreno je još 27 centrala. Od 1924.
do 1940. otvoreno je još 37 telefonskih centrala, pa je pred Drugi svjetski
rat u BiH u finkciji bilo ukupno 130 telefonskih centrala. Povećanje broja stanica bilo je praćeno proširenjem gradske i međugradske telefonske
mreže, čime je telefonski saobraćaj sve više dobivao na značaju.
No, širenju telefonskog saobraćaja ponajviše su doprinijela brojna
tehničko-tehnološka usavršavanja. U prvom redu to je uvođenje automatskog telefonskog saobraćaja. Već 1930. ističe se zahtjev da Sarajevo dobije
automatsku telefonsku centralu, ali tek 1934. u zgradi Glavne pošte su
započele pripreme prostorija za njezin smještaj. Centrala, kao i rekonstrukcija cjelokupne gradske telefonske mreže u Sarajevu, završena je do
početka 1936, pa je 1. marta te godine zvanično otvorena prva automatska telefonska centrala u Bosni i Hercegovini za 2000 brojeva. Naredne,
1937. godine automatska telefonska centrala otvorena je na Ilidži, a 1938.
i u Trebinju. “Izvjesno vrijeme mnogi pretplatnici žalili su se i javno protestovali da od uvođenja automatskih telefona nemaju mira ni noću ni danju”. Nije to bilo zbog telefonskog uznemiravanja, nego zbog povećanog
obima i lakšeg korištenja telefona sa automatskom centralom. Ipak, bilo
je i telefonskog uznemiravanja, pa je Pravilnikom o telefonskoj službi bilo
predviđeno da se može demontirati telefonski aparat onom pretplatniku
sa kojega se nepristojno ponaša, ili ako se privatni telefoni po kafanama,
hotelima i slično ne ustupe za razgovore od javnog interesa (naprimjer za
obavijesti u slučaju požara, poplava i slično).
telephone stations were functional, which was 8 more compared to the
Austro–Hungarian period. In 1922, there were already 66 telephone offices and in 1923, 27 more offices were established. Since 1924 to 1940,
37 telephone offices were opened, so before the World War II, in Bosnia
and Herzegovina there were totally 130 functional telephone offices. At
the same time as the number of the telephone stations was increasing,
the internal and long–distance telephone network was extended and
therefore more significant.
Numerous technical–technological improvements influenced a
rapid development of telephone communications. First of all, automatic
telephone traffic was introduced. In 1930, a growing demand for the
automatic telephone exchange existed, but not before 1934, the preparations of its site started in the building of the Main Post Office. The
Main Post Office, as well as the reconstruction of overall city telephone
network in Sarajevo, was completed in 1936, and on the 1st of March
the first automatic telephone exchange with 2000 numbers was put into
operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Next
year, 1937, another automatic telephone
exchange was put into operation at Ilidza,
and in 1938 in Trebinje. “For a certain time
many subscribers complained and even publicly protested, because they are constantly
disturbed during day and night.” This was
not only due to telephone disturbance but
also due to easier and increased usage of
telephones with the automatic exchange.
Nevertheless, there were cases of telephone
disturbance, and The Book of Regulations
on the Telephone Services provided possibilities that a telephone device can be
dismantled in case of indecent behavior of
a subscriber, or if the public telephones in
restaurants, hotels are not ceded in cases of
public importance (fire, floods, etc.).
In this period Bosnia and Herzegovina
became a part of the international telephone
traffic. Some Bosnian cities were connected
with various cities in Italy, Austria, Czech
Republic, Hungary, Germany, Netherlands,
Prvi telefonski aparati
/ The first telephone
instruments
27
Uz ovaj unutrašnji telefonski saobraćaj, BiH se u ovo doba snažno
uključila i u međunarodni telefonski saobraćaj. Pojedini bosanskohercegovački gradovi su bili povezani sa nizom gradova u Italiji, Austriji,
Češkoj, Mađarskoj, Njemačkoj, Holandiji, Rumuniji, Švajcarskoj,
Poljskoj, Grčkoj, Francuskoj, Turskoj, Bugarskoj, Belgiji i drugim zemljama. To je vodilo i povećanju broja telefonskih pretplatnika. Godine
1929. u Bosni i Hercegovini su bila ukupno 2.194 telefonska pretplatnika, ali su jedino četiri mjesta – Tuzla (sa 104), Banja Luka (sa 115),
Mostar (sa 131) i Sarajevo (sa 999) – imali iznad 100 pretplatnika. Te
godine je od ukupno 111 mjesta, čak u 77 njih bilo manje od po 10 pretplatnika, u 28 mjesta bilo je između 10 i 50 pretplatnika, a samo u dva
između 50 i 100 pretplanika. To pokazuje kako je telefonski saobraćaj
vezan za veće administrativne centre i centre sa razvijenijom trgovinom. Vremenom će broj pretplatnika rasti, pa je pred Drugi svjetski rat
samo u Sarajevu bilo 2069 pretplanika, uz postojanje nekoliko javnih
govornica. Javne govornice su postojale i u drugim manjim mjestima
(Kiseljak, Koraj, Teočak itd.).
Pretplatnici su za uvođenje telefona plaćali taksu, koja je bila
jednaka za sve pretplatnike u jednom mjestu. Uz to, svaki korisnik
telefona plaćao je pretplatu, koja se plaćala najprije polugodišnje, a kasnije kvartalno. Visina pretplate ovisila je od toga u kojoj se kategoriji
pretplatnik nalazio (bilo je, naime, pet kategorija pretplatnika: banke i
druga preduzeća sa većim ili manjim kapitalom, zatim državne i vjerske ustanove, pa advokati, te novine i, na kraju, privatni stanovi i PTT
službenici). Ukoliko vlasnik telefona ne bi plaćao pretplatu, sankcija je
bila – isključenje telefona, a pri tome su se na udaru nalazili svi vlasnici
podjednako, bez obzira da li se radilo o “običnim” vlasnicima ili o predstavnicima državne administracije. Tako je, naprimjer, upravnik pošte u
Bijeljini 1923. odbio uspostaviti telefonsku vezu načelniku sreza, koji je
namjeravao obaviti razgovor sa jednim pretplatnikom iz Tuzle. Razlog
za to odbijanje bio je dug kojeg je bijeljinski načelnik imao za telefonske
usluge, pa mu je zbog toga telefon bio isključen. Ni prijetnja silom nije
natjerala upravnika pošte da odustane od poštivanja propisa u vezi sa
naplaćivanjem dugova za telefonske usluge.
“Jedinice telefonske mreže locirane su u gradovima i varošicama,
u sjedištima srezova, opština i industrijskih preduzeća, a samo rijetko
u selima. Broj telefonskih pretplatnika u tim mjestima zavisio je od razvoja privrede, organizacije uprave, demografskog kretanja stanovništva
i njegovog socijalnog položaja (…) Telefonske usluge bile su dostupne
28
Romania, Switzerland, Poland, Greece, France, Turkey, Bulgaria,
Belgium and other countries. This influenced the increase in the number
of subscribers. In 1929 there were 2194 telephone subscribers in BIH,
and four cities had more than 100 subscribers: Tuzla–104, Banja Luka–
115, Mostar–131 and Sarajevo – 999. During this year, from total 111
towns, in 77 of them, a number of subscribers was less than 10, in 28
towns a number of subscribers varied from 10 to 50, and only in two
towns this number was between 50 and 100 subscribers. This clearly
indicates that telephone traffic depends largely on bigger administrative
centers and centers with well–developed commerce. In time the number
of subscribers increased, and before the World War II only in Sarajevo
there were 2069 subscribers, and also few telephone booths. Telephone
booths existed in some towns as well
(Kiseljak, Koraj, Teocak, etc.).
The subscribers used to pay
a fee for the telephone connection,
which was equal for all subscribers
at one place. In addition to that, every phone user used to pay the subscription fee, at first semi–annually
and later quarterly. The amount of
the subscription fee was determined
according to the category to which
subscriber belonged (namely, there
were five categories of subscribers:
banks and other companies with
larger or smaller capital, state and religious institutions, lawyers and
the newspapers and at the end residential users and post office employees). If the owner of the telephone would not pay for the subscription,
sanction was – disconnection of the telephone, and in this matter all
owners were treated equally, disregarding whether they were “common”
owners or representatives of state administration. Thus, for example, the
manager of the post office in Bijeljina in 1923, refused to connect the
telephone line to the mayor of the county, who had intended to have a
telephone conversation with one subscriber from Tuzla. The reason for
this refusal was the fact that the mayor from Bijeljina had some debt for
telephone service, and his telephone was disconnected. Even the threat
that he would use force could not make the manager of the post office
Reklamna dopisnica
SIEMENS iz 1940. god.
/ Official SIEMENS postcard
from 1940
29
Poštanska marka iz
perioda NDH
/ Post stamp during
period of NDH
gradskom stanovništvu. Seosko stanovništvo i njegova
pretežno naturalna privreda davali su zemlji svoje obilježje, koje se odražavalo i na telefonsku službu i pretplatnike. U seoskim drumskim naseljima koja su centri ruralne
sredine i imaju neku upravnu funkciju, nalazi se najmanji
broj pretplatnika pošto imaju javnu govornicu, najčešće je
to žandarmerijska stanica, negdje opština, duhanska stanica i sl.”
Razvoj poštanskog, telegrafskog i telefonskog saobraćaja zaustavljen je za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata.
Doduše, u ratno vrijeme on je funkcionirao, ali je bio u funkciji fašističkih ciljeva njemačko-talijanskih i NDH vlasti, s jedne, ali i u funkciji
antifašističke borbe, s druge strane. U Banjoj Luci je 1942. godine puštena u rad automatska telefonska centrala sa oko dvije stotine brojeva.
Bio je to, ako izuzmemo druge oblike poštanskog, telegrafskog i telefonskog saobraćaja kojim su se koristile sve ratujuće strane, i štampanje
posebne serije poštanskih maraka sa motivima iz Bosne i Hercegovine,
jedini veći poduhvat u oblasti telekomunikacija za vrijeme Drugog
svjetskog rata.
Period poslije Drugog svjetskog rata
do 1992. godine
Poslije Drugog svjetskog rata odvija se daljnji proces razvoja telekomunikacija u Bosni i Hercegovini, koji se ogleda kako u tehnološkim promjenama tako i na polju znatnog proširenja mreže telefonskih korisnika.
Prije svega, gusta i kvalitetna kablovska mreža sve brže zamjenjuje vazdušne telefonske vodove, a još uvijek brojne manuelne telefonske centrale sve se brže povlače iz upotrebe pred snažnim širenjem automatskih
telefonskih centrala. Osobito snažan razvoj telegrafskog i telefonskog
saobraćaja primjetan je od 1960-ih godina na širim osnovama programiranog razvitka. Tada su uključene prve ATC u automatski međumjesni
telefonski saobraćaj, i to najprije Banja Luka (12. 7. 1965), zatim Mostar
(14. 2. 1966), pa Sarajevo (27. 7. 1966), dok je Tuzla u međumjesni telefonski saobraćaj uključena tek u septembru 1971. godine. U to doba,
tačnije 1981. godine, uvode se u funkciju i digitalne telefonske centrale.
Istodobno su proširivane već postojeće automatske telefonske centrale.
30
to give up following of the regulations related to charging of debts for
telephone service.
“Telephone network units are located in cities and small towns,
county offices, municipalities and industrial companies, and only rarely in
villages. The number of subscribers in those places depended on the level
of economic development, administrative organization, demographic migrations of the people, and their social standing (…). The telephone service has been available to the city population. Village population and its
mainly natural economy gave its trait to the country, which reflected on
the telephone service and the subscribers. In the village road settlements
that are the centres of rural environment and have some kind of administrative function, there is the smallest number of subscribers because they
have the public phone, most often it is gendarmerie station, at some places
municipality, tobacco stations and similar places”.
The development of postal, telegraphic and telephone traffic was
halted during the World War II. To be fair, it was functioning, but it
was in function of the fascist objectives of the German–Italian and the
Independent State of Croatia’s authorities, but also in the function of
anti–fascistic fight on the other side. In Banja Luka, in 1942, automatic
telephone exchange started with operation, and it had about two hundred numbers. That was, if we exclude other forms of postal, telegraph
and telephone traffic, which all warring factions used, and printing
of special series of postage stamps with the motifs from Bosnia and
Herzegovina, the only larger project in the field of telecommunications
during the World War II.
The Period after
the World War II until 1992
After the World War II there was a further process of telecommunications development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which reflected in technological changes as well as in the field of significant expansion of the
telephone user network. Above all, the dense and quality cable network
was faster, replacing the aerial telephone transmission lines, and also,
still numerous manual telephone exchanges were faster in ceasing their
operation, while automatic telephone exchanges were becoming more
and more present. Especially strong development of telegraphic and tel31
U vrijeme priprema XIV zimskih olimpijskih igara 1984. u saobraćaj je puštena međunarodna centrala u Sarajevu M1OC preko koje
su svi telefonski pretplatnici u BiH uključeni u evropsku automatsku
telefonsku mrežu. Čitavo ovo vrijeme razvoj telefonske mreže praćen je
i isključivanjem pojedinih centrala i njihovim objedinjavanjem u okvire
većih tranzitnih telefonskih centrala.
Tahnološki razvoj telekomunikacionih sistema će voditi daljnjem
povećanju broja korisnika. Naprimjer, samo u Sarajevu je broj telefonskih pretplatnika sa 2069, koliko ih je bilo 1940. godine, porastao na
144.348 pred početak agresije 1992. godine. Jednako tako je rastao i
broj pretplatnika u čitavoj Bosni i Hercegovini. U vrijeme Olimpijade
1984. u BiH je bilo 340.622 pretplatnika, dok je taj broj uoči agresije
1992. porastao na 610.777 telefonskih priključaka.
Uz uvećanje broja korisnika telefonije, važno je istaknuti da je od
kraja Drugog svjetskog rata 1945. do 1992. godine u BiH telefonski
saobraćaj bio i dalje vezan uz pošte. Pred početak agresije 1992. u BiH
su postojale ukupno 854 poštanske zgrade sa ukupno 267.000 kvadratnih metara prostora. Ukupna telefonska mreža u BiH je, posredstvom
međunarodne automatske telefonske centrale u Sarajevu, bila izravno
povezana sa 13 automatskih telefonskih centrala u sedam evropskih
Prvi telefonski imenici
poslije II svjetskog rata
/ The first phone books after
the II World War
32
Kabinetski posrednici
Glavne pošte Sarajevo
/ Telephone boxes of the
Main Post Office in Sarajevo
conducted by operators
ephone traffic has been noticed since the 1960s on the wider bases of the
programmed development. That was the time when the first automatic
telephone exchanges were connected to the automatic long–distance
telephone traffic, first in Banja Luka (12 July 1965), then in Mostar (14
February 1966), in Sarajevo (27 July 1966), while Tuzla was connected
to the long–distance telephone traffic only in September 1971. At that
time, or to be more exact in 1981, digital telephone exchanges were
starting to function. At the same time, existing automatic telephone
exchanges were expanded.
During preparations for the XIV Winter Olympic Games in 1984,
international exchange was put into service in Sarajevo M1OC, through
which all telephone subscribers in BIH were connected to the European
automatic telephone network. All this time, the development of the telephone network was followed by disconnection of some exchanges and
their combining into the larger transit telephone exchanges.
Technological development of the telecommunication systems
would lead to a further increase in the number of users. For example,
only in Sarajevo the number of telephone subscribers increased from
2069 in 1940, to 144.348 before the aggression in 1992. The number of
subscribers equally grew in the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the
time of the Olympic Games, in 1984, in Bosnia and Herzegovina there
33
Gradnja sarajevske
TT mreže / Construction of
TT network in Sarajevo
34
država, a preko međunarodne centrale u Beogradu bosanskohercegovačka telefonske mreža je bila povezana sa cijelim svijetom. Postojale
su još i tranzitne telefonske centrale u Sarajevu, Tuzli, Banjoj Luci i
Mostaru, koje su bile povezane sa svim ostalim tranzitnim centralama
na prostoru tadašnje jugoslavenske države. Osim ovih tranzitnih centrala, postojale su i glavne telefonske centrala u Goraždu, Zenici, Livnu,
Trebinju, Bihaću, Prijedoru, Jajcu, Doboju i Brčkom.
were 340.622 subscribers, while just before the aggression in 1992 that
number grew to 610.777 telephone connections.
With the increase in the number of telephone users, it is important to emphasize that from the end of the World War II from 1945 to
1992, the telephone traffic in BIH was still associated with the post office. Just before the beginning of the aggression, in 1992, in BIH there
were 854 post office buildings with the total of 267.000 m² of space. The
overall telephone network in BIH, by the means of the international
automatic telephone exchange in Sarajevo, was directly connected with
13 automatic telephone exchanges in seven European countries, and
through the international exchange in Belgrade, the telephone network
of Bosnia and Herzegovina was connected with the entire world. The
transit telephone exchanges also existed in Sarajevo, Tuzla, Banja Luka
and Mostar, which were connected to all
the other transit exchanges in the area
of the former Yugoslavian country. In
addition to these exchanges, there were
main telephone exchanges in Gorazde,
Zenica, Livno, Trebinje, Bihac, Prijedor,
Jajce, Doboj and Brcko.
Izgradnja
Poštanskog centra
Sarajevo, 1989
/ Construction of Postal
Center Sarajevo
35
U odbrani države
i civilizacijskih
postignuća
Defending Country
and Civilization’s
Achievements
M
Razaranje PTT objekata
/ Destrucion of PTT facilities
38
eđunarodno priznanje Republike Bosne i Hercegovine
6. aprila 1992. godine bio je početak otvorene i potpune agresije na njen suverenitet, a pored vojnog udara na njen teritorijalni integritet, uslijedio je također i
izuzetno snažan napad na njen PTT sistem. Kreatori agresije počeli
su u potpunosti realizirati plan prekida informacija i komuniciranja
među ljudima. Ukinuti informacije, ugasiti signal, isključiti električnu
energiju, prekinuti promet i slično, značilo je uništiti čovjeka modernih
bosanskohercegovačkih gradova, osobito Sarajeva kao političkog, administrativnog i upravnog centra države.
Nemoguće je opisati sve žrtve i stradanja koje su uposlenici PTTa Bosne i Hercegovine podnijeli obavljajući svoj posao, a sve u nastojanju da se odupru agresiji. Međutim, moguće je djelomično naznačiti
put kojim se ovo preduzeće kao kolektiv uspjelo izboriti sa nedaćama
ratnog i poratnog vremena. Sjećanja na te dane još su živa, a radost
uspostavljanja veza sa svijetom bila je puno više od tehničkog uspjeha,
jer se time vraćalo dostojanstvo napaćenog stanovništva. Moć znanja, stručnosti i želje za opstankom učinili su da se
najosnovnije veze Bosne i Hercegovine sa
svijetom uspostave i u najnevjerovatnijim
ratnim uvjetima 1992.–1995. godine.
Neprijatelji bosanskohercegovačke
države počeli su sistematski ubijati ljude,
uništavati gradove, a osim vojnih ubojitih
sredstava, u projekt okupacije planirali
su uništenje radiorelejnog sistema, zatim
mreže koaksijalnih kablova, poštanske
infrastrukture, transportnog sistema,
energetskih jedinica, zaliha reprodukcionog materijala, dokumentacije, zgrada,
odnosno svega što bi moglo poslužiti uspostavljanju veza među ljudima i prodiranju u svijet istine o ratu.
Prije rata, PTT sistem Republike
Bosne i Hercegovine sastojao se iz tri
autonomne mreže i to: telegrafske, telefonske i mreže za prijenos podataka sa
komutacijom paketa. Kapaciteti telegraf-
T
he International recognition of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina on the 6th of April 1992, marked the beginning
of the open and overall aggression on its sovereignty. Along
with military attacks at its territorial integrity, a ferocious
attack on its PTT system followed. Creators of aggression started to
realize their plan to intercept the exchange of information and communication between people. To prevent the information exchange, cancel
the signal, switch off the electric power, stop the traffic and similar,
meant to destroy a man of modern Bosnian and Herzegovinian cities,
especially Sarajevo as political, administrative and governing centre of
the state.
It is impossible to describe all sufferings which the PTT employees endured while carrying out their work, trying to resist the aggression. However, it is partly possible to describe how this company as a
team succeeded to fight all misfortunes of the war and after–war period.
Memories of those days are still alive, and joy because of successfully
restored connections with the world meant much more than technical
success, for it brought back dignity of the agonized people. The power
of knowledge, expertise and desire for the survival made possible the
establishment of the basic communication with the world in the most
extraordinary war conditions 1992–1995. The enemies of Bosnia and
Herzegovina started to kill people, destroy cities and along with deadly
weapons, with their project of occupation, they planned to destroy a radio–relay system of coaxial cable network, postal infrastructure, trans-
Oštećenja na TK centru
Dolac Malta – Sarajevo
/ Devastation on TC Center
Dolac Malta – Sarajevo
39
PTT zgrada u Mostaru
oštećena ratnim
dejstvima / PTT building
in Mostar damaged by war
actions
Zgrada PTT Direkcije
Goražde nakon
granatiranja 2. septembra
1992. / The building of PTT
Directorate Goražde after the
bombardment on September
2nd, 1992.
40
ske mreže sastojali su se od tranzitne telegrafske centrale u Sarajevu,
čvornih centrala u Tuzli, Banjoj
Luci i Mostaru, te krajnjih centrala
u Bihaću, Jajcu, Prijedoru, Livnu,
Trebinju, Goraždu, Zenici, Brčkom i
Doboju. Centrale su međusobno bile
povezane telegrafskim vodovima.
Međunarodni telegrafski saobraćaj
obavljao se preko tranzitne centrale
u Sarajevu. Ukupno je bilo instalirano 2.800 telex priključaka. Centrale
magistralne ravni bile su povezane
međusobno i sa drugim centralama
izvan BiH sa 10.000 spojnih vodova, a unutar mrežnih grupa bilo je u
funkciji 7.000 vodova. Za odvijanje odlaznog i dolaznog međunarodnog
saobraćaja bilo je u funkciji 750 spojnih vodova. Kapaciteti mreže za
prijenos podataka sa komutacijom paketa sastojali su se od osam komutacionih centara i upravljačkog centra u Sarajevu sa 500 instaliranih
priključaka. Od aprila 1992. godine agresor je paralelno onesposobljavao komutacione sisteme za telefonske i telegrafske veze, kao i sisteme
za prijenos podataka.
port system, energetic units, stocks
of reproductive material, documentation, buildings, in other words
everything that could serve to the
establishment of the communication
between people and breaking into
the world of truth about the war.
Before the war, the PTT system of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina comprised of three
autonomous networks: telegraphic,
telephone and packet–switched data
network. Capacities of telegraphic
network comprised of transit telegraphic exchange in Sarajevo, node exchanges in Tuzla, Banja Luka and
Mostar, and local exchanges in Bihac, Jajce, Prijedor, Livno, Trebinje,
Gorazde, Zenica, Brcko and Doboj. The exchanges were interconnected
by telegraphic lines. The international telegraphic traffic was conducted
by the transit exchange in Sarajevo. Overall, 2800 telex and “jates” connections were installed. The transit exchanges were interconnected with
other exchanges outside of BIH with ten thousand connection lines,
and here were seven thousand functioning lines within network groups.
For conduct of incoming and outgoing international traffic, there were
750 functioning connection lines. Network capacities for transmission of packet–switched data comprised of eight switching centers and
a managing centre in Sarajevo, with 500 installed connections. From
the April 1992, the aggressor in parallel disabled switching systems
for telephone and telegraph connections as well as systems for the data
transmission.
Already from the 3rd of April 1992, the aggressor disconnected
the coaxial cable system, by means of which the telecommunication
traffic with Croatia and Slovenia was conducted, and cut off the transfer
between the transit centers Sarajevo and Banja Luka. Among numerous
terrorist attacks on the state of BIH, this was the powerful barbarian
rejection of the recognition of its independence, which nevertheless followed several days after. The spring of 1992 was the time of the most
powerful destruction. The aggressor’s army occupied the radio–relay
station Paljenik on the Mount Vlasic and cut off the coaxial cables at
the bridge over Vrbas River in Donji Vakuf. Besides the destruction
Uništen glavni razdjelnik
centrale Obala-Sarajevo
/ Destroyed MDF of
exchange Obala-Sarajevo
41
Uništena centrala
“Metaconta”
(Sarajevo, Dolac Malta)
/ Destroyed exchange
“Metaconta”
(Sarajevo, Dolac Malta)
42
Već 3. aprila 1992. godine agresor je
isključio koaksijalno-kablovski sistem posredstvom kojeg se odvijao telekomunikacioni saobraćaj sa Hrvatskom i Slovenijom i
prekinuo magistralni prijenos između tranzitnih centara Sarajeva i Banje Luke. Među
brojnim terorističkim udarima na državu
Bosnu i Hercegovinu, ovo je bio snažan barbarski odgovor na priznavanje njene nazavisnosti, koje je ipak uslijedilo nakon nekoliko
dana. Proljeće 1992. bilo je vrijeme najsnažnije destrukcije. Agresorska vojska zauzela
je radiorelejnu stanicu Paljenik na Vlašiću
i prekinula koaksijalne kablove na mostu
preko Vrbasa u Donjem Vakufu. Osim uništavanja PTT komunikacija, okupacije releja
i predajnika, izvršeno je prekidanje i preusmjeravanje radio-televizijske trase. Ovladati
radio-televizijom značilo je kontrolirati prostor plasiranjem vlastitih informacija, a onemogućavanjem PTT komunikacija uskratiti
njihovu provjeru, čime se, uz dodatne mjere
gladi, žeđi i hladnoće, nastojalo pokoriti i
dezorijentirati stanovništvo.
Planom nasilnog uništavanja modernih PTT komunikacija nije bilo pošteđeno ni kulturno naslijeđe, za što je, između
ostalih, bio očit primjer diverzija, paljenje
i bombardiranje zgrade Glavne pošte u Sarajevu, arhitektonskog djela austrougarskog majstora graditeljstva Josipa Vancaša, napravljene u
stilu secesije u vrijeme autorovog traganja za bosanskohercegovačkim
graditeljskim stilom. Da je postojanje ove građevine skoro cijelo stoljeće
na desnoj obali Miljacke bilo za građane Sarajeva više od njene tehničko-tehnološke pragmatičke funkcije i estetske vrijednosti, svjedočio
je i ispisani grafit na njenoj fasadi u nejtežim trenucima početka rata:
Ovo je Pošta, budalo!, kao odgovor na političku neprijateljsku provokaciju ispisanu na istom mjestu: Ovo je Srbija! Paljenje Pošte na Obali je
simbol pokušaja uništavanja postojanosti bosanskohercegovačkog urbanog bića. Kulturna i modernizacijska matrica bosanskohercegovačkog
of the PTT communications, the occupation of the relay and transmitter, cutting off and redirection of
radio–television route was conducted.
To occupy radio–television meant to
control the space by broadcasting their
own information, and to disable the
PTT communications meant to withhold their review, and with additional
hunger, thirst and coldness, it meant
conquering and disorientation of the
population.
This plan of a barbaric destruction of modern PTT communications
spared neither the cultural heritage, for which among others, the clear
example were diversion, setting to fire, and bombarding of the Main
Post Office building in Sarajevo, which was designed by the Austro–
Hungarian master of architecture, Josip Vancas, in the style of secession in the period of the author’s search for Bosnian–Herzegovinian
construction style. That the existence of this building for almost entire
century, on the right bank of Miljacka River, meant for the citizens
of Sarajevo more than its technical–technological pragmatic function
and esthetic value, is proved by written graffiti on its wall in the most
difficult moments of the beginning of the war: This is the post office,
you fool!, as the response to hostile political provocation written at the
same place: This is Serbia! Setting to
fire of the Post Office in Obala Street
can be understood as a symbol of
the desire to destruct the urban existence of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Cultural and modernization matrix
of Bosnian–Herzegovinian city, its
preservation and nursing of historical
construction art as heritage of different civilization at one historical place,
could not destroy political and ideological changes; it survived regardless
of the changes of the street names,
from Apel Kej, Obala Vojvode Stepe to
Uništavanje glavne
pošte u Sarajevu
/ Destruction of Main
Post office in Sarajevo
43
Potpuno uništen PTT
objekat Obala – Sarajevo
/ Completely destroyed
PTT facility Obala – Sarajevo
44
grada, njegovanje i čuvanje historijskog graditeljskog umijeća kao naslijeđa različitih civilizacija na jednom historijskom prostoru, nisu mogle
uništiti političke i ideološke promjene; ona je opstajala bez obzira na
promjene imena obale – od Apel keja, preko Obale Vojvode Stepe do
Obale Kulina bana, koji su ujedno i simbolizirale promjene političkih
sistema. Glavna pošta na Obali se, kao i čovjek u Bosni i Hercegovini,
nanovo dizala iz ruševina što je bilo imanentno smislu njezinog postojanja. Bez obzira što su 2. maja 1992. godine, nakon paljenja Pošte,
izbačena iz funkcije 38.432 lokalna automatska telefonska priključka,
zatim ispali i izdvojeni pretplatnički stupnjevi ukupnog kapaciteta 7.168
priključaka koji su bili na ovoj matičnoj rejonskoj centrali, i međumjesna
i međunarodna automatska telefonska centrala M10C i ARM20 ukupnog kapaciteta 7.875 priključnih tačaka, te pričinjena materijalna šteta
od oko 50 miliona dolara, a time uništene tri telefonske centrale: Stari
Grad I, II i III s namjerom onemogućavanja komunikacije unutar grada Sarajeva i stvaranja pometnje u organiziranju odbrane uopće, otpor
barbarima je rastao. Osim uništavanja međunarodne telefonske centrale
u Sarajevu, stradale su glavne centrale u Goraždu i Bihaću, čvorne centrale u Bugojnu i Mostaru sa 8.500 priključnih tačaka, itd. Ukupno je
Obala Kulina Bana, which symbolized
change of political systems. The Main
Post Office on Obala Street, just like a
man living in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
emerged from the ruins, which was immanent to the meaning of its existence.
Regardless of the fact that on the 2nd of
May 1992, after the post office was set
to fire, 38.432 local automatic telephone
connections were no longer functional,
the subscriber’s switch units of the
overall capacity of 7.168 connections
fell out and were separated, which were
part of this main regional exchange,
and long–distance and international
automatic telephone exchange M10C
and ARM20 of the total capacity of
7.875 connection points, and the material damage of about $ 50 million was
made, and three telephone exchanges
were destroyed: Stari Grad I, II and
III, with intention to disable communication within the Sarajevo city and
create disruption in the organization
of defense in general, but the resistance
to barbarians grew stronger. Besides
the destruction of international telephone exchange in Sarajevo, the main
exchanges in Gorazde and Bihac and
node exchanges in Bugojno and Mostar
with 8.500 connection points were destroyed. In Bosnia and Herzegovina
totally 100.000 connections were destroyed, along with the switching node
and managing center for the transmission of the data in Sarajevo, a great
number of construction facilities, and
the overall damage was estimated to $1
billion. Besides bombarding and setting
45
GATC Goražde uništena
tenkovskom granatom
18. aprila 1992
/ Main automatic telephone
exchange Goražde destroyed
by tank shell on April 18th,
1992.
46
u Bosni i Hercegovini bilo uništeno oko
100.000 priključaka, komutacioni čvor i
upravljački centar za prijenos podataka u
Sarajevu, zatim veliki broj građevinskih
objekata, a ukupna šteta je procijenjena
na blizu milijardu dolara. Osim bombardiranja i paljenja objekata, neprijatelj je
tokom rata preusmjeravao mrežu prema
dijelovima teritorije koju je vojno kontrolirao. Tako je npr. preusmjerio mrežu na
Grbavici prema komutacionom čvorištu
na Vracama, koja je prije rata polazila
sa komutacionog čvorišta Dolac Malta.
Također, svi spojni putevi u Vogošći prema
Sarajevu bili su presječeni i preusmjereni
u drugim pravcima. Spojni put Sarajevo
– Vogošća preko Rajlovca bio je presječen,
a polaganjem novog kabla kroz područja
pod neprijateljskom kontrolom povezana Ilidža sa Vogošćom. Na isti
način su tokom rata preusmjeravane veze na mnogim područjima Bosne
i Hercegovine. Određeni dio šteta tokom rata učinile su i razne vojne
jedinice koje su na nestručan način koristile PTT kapacitete za svoje
veze, uništavajući izvodne ormariće, mehaničke i električne dijelove,
kao i ranžire u njima. Poseban oblik uništavanja učinjen je od strane
agresorskih snaga na područjima koja su nakon Dejtonskog mirovnog
sporazuma bila integrirana u Federaciju Bosne i Hercegovine. U nastavku pljačke i uništavanja npr. komutacija u Vogošći, sistem telefonske
centrale AXE bio je demontiran i odnesen, ali tako nestručno da se
dio opreme koji je otuđen nije mogao značajnije iskoristiti, a dio koji je
ostavljen nije imao veću vrijednost. U nekim slučajevima pljačka je bila i
spriječena, pa su tako na Ilidži francuske jedinice SFOR-a onemogućile
članove pljačkaške skupine iz Beograda da demontiraju i otuđe staru
Crossbar komutaciju, ali ne i dva RSS-a i ostalu opremu. Manji bosanskohercegovački gradovi bili su potpuno odsječeni, kao npr. Breza,
Olovo, Ilijaš, Srednje itd.
Početna zaprepaštenost stepenom barbarstva na kraju 20. stoljeća i malodušnost su zamijenjeni razmišljanjem šta učiniti da se barem
neka veza sa svijetom ostvari. Sarajevo je, kao politički centar Bosne i
Hercegovine, i bez vode i bez struje i bez hrane imalo svoju duhovnost,
to fire of facilities, the enemy during the war redirected the network
towards the parts of the territory which he controlled militarily. Thus,
the enemy redirected the network on Grbavica towards switching node
on Vraca, the starting point of which, before the war, was the switching node Dolac Malta. Also all connection lines in Vogosca, towards
Sarajevo were cut off and redirected to other directions. Connection
line Sarajevo–Vogosca across Rajlovac was cut off and by installing a
new cable through the enemy’s territory, Ilidza was connected with
Vogosca. Similarly, during the war, the lines were redirected in many
regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Different military units inflicted
damage during the war, due to unprofessional usage of the PTT capacities for their own connections, destroying node boxes, mechanical and
electrical parts, as well as switches inside. Special form of destruction
was conducted by the aggressor forces on the territories, which after
the Dayton Peace Agreement were integrated into the Federation of
Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the subsequent looting and destroying of
for example, switches in Vogosca, telephone exchange system AXE was
dissembled and taken away, in such unprofessional way, that the part
of the equipment which was stolen, could not be used properly, and the
part which was left behind did not have significant value. In some cases,
Poštanski centar Sarajevo
/ Postal Center Sarajevo
47
a planovi među zaposlenim u PTT-u su stvarali nadu u pobjedu koja
je u glavama običnih ljudi očekivana vrlo brzo. U očekivanju kraja rata
prošle su pune četiri godine.
JP PTT saobraćaja BiH
u vremenu 1992–1995. godine
Pošta kod sarajevskog
hotela “Evropa” / Post
office near hotel “Evropa”
in Sarajevo
48
Procesi su tekli paralelno. S jedne strane, agresor je sistematski uništavao sve pred sobom, a sa druge, angažirano se radilo na mnogim vrlo
bitnim organizacijskim poslovima na unutrašnjem i vanjskom planu.
U tim ratnim uvjetima, u Sarajevu je odlukom Predsjedništva Bosne i
Hercegovine 31. jula 1992. godine zvanično osnovano Javno preduzeće
PTT saobraćaja Bosne i Hercegovine (kao pravni sljedbenik nekadašnjeg SOUR-a PTT saobraćaja Bosne i Hercegovine). Zadatak je bio
veoma kompleksan. Trebalo je odgovoriti komunikacijskim potrebama
države u vanredno teškim ratnim uvjetima. Već 3. septembra 1992. godine, odlukom predsjednika Predsjedništva Republike BiH, gospodina
Alije Izetbegovića, imenovan je Upravni odbor JP PTT BiH od devet
članova. U razdoblju od njegovog konstituiranja do decembra 1995.
looting was prevented, so in Ilidza the French units of SFOR stopped
the members of looting group from Belgrade to dissemble and steal old
Crossbar switch, but not two RSS and some other equipment. Smaller
Bosnian–Herzegovinian towns were completely cut off, such as Breza,
Olovo, Ilijas, Srednje etc.
The initial shock by the magnitude of barbarism at the end of 20th
century and faint–heartedness were replaced with thinking what to do
to establish at least some kind of connection with the world. Sarajevo,
as the political centre of BIH, without water and electric power, and
without the food, had spirituality. The PTT employees had hope in the
victory, which in the heads of the individuals was expected very soon.
Four years had passed in the expectations of the end of the war.
Public Enterprise PTT BIH
during the period 1992–1995
Processes were conducted in parallel. On the one hand, the aggressor systematically destroyed everything that stood on his way, and on
the other, the efforts were made to improve significant organizational
activities. In such war conditions in Sarajevo, by decision of the BIH
Presidency, on 31st of July 1992, the Public Enterprise PTT BIH was
officially founded (as legal successor of former SOUR PTT BIH). The
task was very complex, the communication demands of the state had to
be addressed in difficult war conditions. Already on the 3rd September
1992, by the decision of the President of the Republic of BIH Mr. Alija
Izetbegovic, the Managing Board of the Public Enterprise PTT BIH
comprised of nine members was appointed. In the period from its foundation to December of 1995, 49 sessions were held in the war conditions,
under heavy shelling in cold offices without well–prepared materials due
to power cut, but very important decisions were made although there
were difficulties regarding regular personell supply of the Managing
Board and the Management Bodies. During the sessions, with the total
of 240 items of the agenda, the preconditions for the functioning of the
Public Enterprise PTT BIH were created in the war and continuation
of its operation in peace, by adoption of the Company’s Statute, decision
on temporary organization of the Public Enterprise on forming PTT
savings bank and the PTT Engineering, then by the means of resto49
Relejna stanica Vlašić
/ Relay station Vlasic
50
godine, održano je 49 sjednica u ratnim uvjetima rada, pod granatama,
u hladnim prostorijama, bez dobro
pripremljenih materijala zbog nestanka električne energije, ali su bile
donosene vrlo važne odluke, mada su
postojale poteškoće redovitog kadrovskog popunjavanja Upravnog odbora
i poslovodnih organa. Na održanim
sjednicama, sa ukupno oko 240 tačaka
dnevnih redova, stvarani su preduvjeti
za funkcioniranje JP PTT BiH u ratu
i nastavka rada u miru, usvajanjem
Statuta preduzeća, Odluke o privremenoj organizaciji JP, o formiranju
PTT Štedionice i PTT Inženjeringa,
zatim načinima obnavljanja PTT saobraćaja, uspostavljanja veza sa svijetom, imenovanja direktora, cijenama,
tarifama, o štampanju poštanskih maraka, reklami, itd., što nameće
utisak da su upravni i poslovodni organi već tada razmišljali o budućem
mirnodopskom razvoju. Najbolji primjeri za uspješno vođenje pravne
procedure tokom rata bili su realizirani poslovi u vezi sa članstvom Bosne
i Hercegovine u međunarodnim asocijacijama. Disolucijom zajedničke
jugoslavenske države, JP PTT saobraćaja BiH postalo je nasljednik svih
prava iz međunarodnih ugovora u asocijaciji UPU (Svjetski poštanski
savez) sa sjedištem u Bernu i ITU (Međunarodna telekomunikaciona
unija) sa sjedištem u Ženevi. Bivšim članicama ZJ PTT određeni su
zasebni kodovi, a pozivni broj za međunarodno priznatu državu Bosnu
i Hercegovinu je 387 na cijelom njenom području. Zahvaljujući zalaganjima ratnog rukovodstva, datum prijema u EUTELSAT (Evropsku
telekomunikacionu satelitsku organizaciju) sa sjedištem u Parizu se računa od 22. 3. 1993. godine. U skladu sa tadašnjim važećim pravilnicima, Konvencijom i Sporazumom o eksploataciji, učlanjenje je bilo uvjet
za pristup satelitskim kapacitetima i distribuiranju satelitskih usluga.
Osim toga, status člana osigurao je pravo jedinog operatera na području
Bosne i Hercegovine za pružanje usluga, a zakupom švajcarske satelitske
stanice bio je omogućen telefonski saobraćaj i veza sa svijetom u ratnim
uvjetima. Tokom rata uloženi su napori za učlanjenje i u INTELSAT
ration of the PTT traffic, establishment of the connections with the
world, appointment of director, prices, tariffs, issuing of postal stamps,
advertisement etc., which makes an impression that administrative and
management bodies were already thinking about future development in
peace. The best examples for the successful conduct of legal procedure
during the war, were realized tasks regarding the membership of the
Bosnia and Herzegovina in the international associations. By the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia, the Public Enterprise PTT BIH
became the legal successor of all rights that are included in the international agreements of the Universal Post Union (UPU) with its headquarters in the Swiss capital Bern, and International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) with its headquarters in Geneva. To ex–members of ZJ
PTT, separate codes were assigned, and the country code for the entire
territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was “387”. Owing to the efforts
of the war management, the date of entry in EUTELSAT (European
Telecommunications Satellite Organization) is 22nd of March 1993.
In accordance with existing provisions of that period as well as the
Convention and Agreement on Exploitation, the condition for access
to satellite capacities and distribution of satellite services, was the membership. Besides, the status of a member provided the right as a sole
operator for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina for providing of
services, and by renting of the Swiss Satellite Station, the satellite telephone traffic and the connection with the rest of the world in difficult
war conditions were made possible.
During the war, efforts were made to
obtain the membership in INTELSAT
(International
Telecommunications
Satellite Organization ) with its headquarters in Washington, and in March
of 1996, these efforts were successful,
owing to the war management of the
enterprise. This was important for the
establishing connection with the USA,
and for providing services to many
military troops of SFOR in BIH, but
also for the USA Embassy in Sarajevo.
The road to European and world associations was not an easy one. For
example, at the Second Pan–European
Glavni poštanski centar
Sarajevo / Main Post Centar
Sarajevo
51
(Međunarodnu telekomunikacionu satelitsku
organizaciju) sa sjedištem u Vašingtonu, da bi u
martu 1996. godine oni bili i ostvareni zahvaljujući ratnom rukovodstvu preduzeća. Zakup
kod ove međunarodne telekomunikacione satelitske organizacije bio je bitan za vezu sa SAD,
za pružanje usluga brojnim mirovnim trupama
SFOR-a u BiH, ali i za američku ambasadu u
Sarajevu. Put ka evropskim i svjetskim asocijacijama nije bio nimalo lagan. Tako naprimjer,
na Drugoj panevropskoj konferenciji ministara
prometa i komunikacija, održanoj 1994. godine na Kreti, Bosna i Hercegovina i Hrvatska
bile su neopravdano zaobiđene u povezivanju sa
Evropom po pitanju telekomunikacionih koridora. Međutim, to nije obeshrabrilo JP PTT
BiH da nastavi na zacrtanom putu u svjetsko
društvo modernih komunikacija.
Najveći ratni gubici su uvijek u ljudstvu, i
oni su nemjerljivi u odnosu na materijalnu štetu. Ali ono što ljudi imaju
kao nasušnu potrebu jeste da u toj borbi za opstanak rade, stvaraju i
pronalaze načine da prežive, pa su tako i uposleni u PTT-u nastojali
pomoći sebi i svojim sugrađanima, bez obzira na žrtve.
Telekomunikacijska deblokada
Bosne i Hercegovine
Probijanje telekomunikacijske blokade počelo je još tokom rata, svakako
u mjeri koliko su to dozvoljavali uvjeti ratnih operacija, zatvorenosti
gradova i nemogućnosti normalnog transporta ljudi i roba. Upravo zbog
takvih okolnosti života i rada rezultati su izgledali veći od onih postignutih u normalnim uvjetima.
Pregledom najvažnijih uspješno realiziranih projekata ovog preduzeća posredno se može predočiti i stepen devastiranosti ove privredne
oblasti u Bosni i Hercegovini tokom rata. Uporedo se radilo na povezivanju prekinutih međugradskih veza i važnih međunarodnih komunikacija sa svijetom.
52
Ministerial Conference on Traffic and Communications, held in Crete
in 1994, BIH and Croatia were unfairly excluded from the integration
in European telecommunication corridors. However, this did not stop
the Public Enterprise PTT BIH to continue with its efforts and join the
world society of modern communications.
In the war, human casualties can not be compared to material
ones. In spite of terrible conditions, people have a need to work, create
and find ways for survival. Thus, the employees of the PTT strived to
help themselves and to each other in spite of casualties.
Breaking the telecommunication
blockade of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Breaking through the telecommunication blockade started during
the war, as much as war conditions, closed cities and impossibility of
transportation of people and goods allowed such activities. Due to such
conditions, the results were even greater than those accomplished in
‘normal’ conditions.
By the review of the most important successfully realized projects
of this enterprise, it is possible to estimate the degree of devastation
of this part of industry during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Parallel activities were conducted on the reestablishment of interrupted
long–distance connections and important international communications with the rest of the world.
The following long–distance connections were realized:
The radio–relay link Sarajevo – Zenica – Tuzla (capacity: 24
telephone channels) – After the Post Office on Obala Street was destroyed and RR facilities were redirected and also destroyed by the aggressor, the radio–relay link was established by means of which Sarajevo
should be connected with the free territories of our country (Zenica,
Travnik, Visoko, Tuzla, etc.) with the minimal capacity of 24 channels. Also with the equipment from a working unit Travnik, the first
international connection Sarajevo–Split (across Mount Cvrsnica) was
constructed and immediately redirected for establishing connections of
the central part of Bosnia and part of Herzegovina with Croatia. This
was the beginning of the system restoration process. Although Sarajevo
was still in total blockade, it communicated with the rest of the world by
53
Realizirane unutrašnje međugradske veze bile su sljedeće:
Radiorelejna veza: Sarajevo – Zenica – Tuzla (kapaciteta 24
telefonska kanala) – Nakon diverzijom uništene Pošte na Obali i preusmjeravanjem i uništenjem RR objekata od strane agresora, izgrađena
je radiorelejna veza, kojom je Sarajevo trebalo biti povezano sa slobodnim teritorijama naše zemlje (Zenica, Travnik, Visoko, Tuzla itd.) sa
minimalnim kapacitetom od 24 kanala. Također, opremom iz radne
zajednice Travnik izgrađena je prva međunarodna veza Sarajevo – Split
(preko Čvrsnice), koja je odmah preusmjerena za povezivanje dijela
Srednje Bosne i dijela Hercegovine sa Hrvatskom. Mada je Sarajevo
ostalo i dalje u totalnoj telekomunikacijskoj blokadi, ovim je otpočeo
proces obnove sistema. Blokirano Sarajevo komuniciralo je sa ostatkom
svijeta vezom preko Tuzle (2 međunarodna kanala), putem radioamatera i monokanalnih satelitskih telefona.
Radiorelejna veza Sarajevo – Zenica –Tuzla ( kapaciteta 1800
telefonskih kanala, za prijenos RTV programa i PTT veza ) – Krajem
1993. i početkom 1994. godine, u najtežim zimskim vremenskim uvjetima, montirana je analogna radiorelejna veza za povezivanje Sarajeva
sa Zenicom, Visokim i Srednjom Bosnom, te Tuzlom sa širom regijom.
Ova veza je imala instalirani kapacitet 1800 kanala i koristila se za prijenos RTV programa i PTT veza. Preko ovog sistema je Visoko povezano
sa Sarajevom sa 60 telefonskih kanala, kasnije je, 1994. godine, izgrađen kablovski sistem Visoko – Breza kapaciteta 24 kanala, koji je vrlo
često služio kao pouzdan alternativni sistem prijenosa. Godine 1995.
je, pored ove veze koja je imala nekih tehničkih nedostataka, izgrađena
još jedna paralelna analogna RR veza Sarajevo – Zenica, kapaciteta 960
kanala, u skladu sa tehničkim propisima.
Uspostavljanje digitalnog satelitskog sistema sa manjim kapacitetima –VSAT – (Povezivanje Sarajeva sa Goraždom, Bihaćem,
Olovom i Sanskim Mostom 1995. godine) – Kako bi se urgentno uspostavile veze Sarajeva sa područjima sa kojima u to vrijeme nije bila
moguća kopnena komunikacija, uspostavljena je satelitska mreža manjeg kapaciteta (VSAT 16 kanala). Na ovaj način su povezani Bihać,
Sanski Most, Goražde i Olovo sa Sarajevom.
Uspostavljanje digitalnog kablovskog sistema (Povezivanje
Sarajeva sa Mostarom sa kapacitetom 8 Mbit/s – 120 kanala) – Ova
veza radila je povremeno 1994. i 1995. godine i njom je Sarajevo bilo
povezano sa slobodnim teritorijama preko Pazarića i Konjica. U najtežim zimskim uvjetima u januaru 1994. godine, uz pomoć pripadni54
the connection with Tuzla (2 international
channels), by CB radios and mono–channel satellite telephones.
The radio–relay link Sarajevo
– Zenica – Tuzla (capacity: 1800 telephone channels, for transmission of
radio and Television programs and
PTT connections) – At the end of 1993
and the beginning of 1994, in the most
difficult winter conditions, analogue radio–relay link was installed for the connection of Sarajevo with Zenica, Visoko,
middle part of Bosnia and the region of
Tuzla. This connection had a capacity of
1800 channels and was used for the transmission of radio television programs and
PTT connections. Through this system
Visoko was connected with Sarajevo with
60 telephone channels, and in 1994 a cable system Visoko –Breza was constructed
with the capacity of 24 channels, which
often served as reliable alternative system
of transmission. In 1995, in addition to this connection which had some
technical deficiencies, a additional parallel analogue RR connection
(Sarajevo–Zenica) was constructed, with the capacity of 960 channels,
in accordance with technical provisions.
The establishment of digital satellite system with smaller capacity (VSAT) – (Connecting Sarajevo with Gorazde, Bihac, Olovo,
Sanski Most during 1995) – In order to establish connections between
Sarajevo and regions with which at that time terrestrial communication
was not possible, satellite network of smaller capacity was established
(VSAT – 16 channels). Thus, Bihac, Sanski Most, Gorazde and Olovo
were connected with Sarajevo.
The establishment of digital cable system (Connecting Sarajevo
with Mostar with the capacity of 8Mbit/s (120 channels)) – This connection operated occasionally during 1994 and 1995, by means of which
Sarajevo was connected with the free territories through Pazaric and
Konjic. In the most difficult winter period in January of 1994, with
the help of the Civil Protection staff, the digital cable system with the
55
Sarajevski tunel D–B,
put opstanka / Sarajevo
tunnel D–B, the road of
survival
56
ka Civilne zaštite, preko Igmana je položen
kablovski digitalni sistem sa regeneracijom
(7x4=28) kroz Tunel Dobrinja – Butmir, ispod piste Sarajevskog aerodroma. Za povezivanje Sarajeva sa Konjicom uspostavljen je
VF sistem 2900 analognih kanala sa A/D
konverzijom u Pazariću (120 kanala). Ova
veza je kasnije uspostavljena do Mostara sa
3 x 2 Mbit/s (90 kanala). Koristeći ova iskustva, izgrađen je kasnije kablovski digitalni
sistem 10 x 2 Mbit/s (300 kanala) – sistem za
povezivanje ATC Hrasnica (6144 telefona) sa
centralama u gradu Sarajevu.
Kada je realiziran alternativni sistem za
napajanje grada Sarajeva, urađen je i kablovski fiber – optički sistem (uspostavljena je
veza na liniji Sarajevo – Pazarić – Mostar)
– U toku izgradnje alternativnog sistema za
napajanje grada Sarajeva pristupilo se izgradnji kablovskog fiber – optičkog sistema sa
kapacitetom 12 vlakana, koji je tada bio na
raspolaganju. Ovim sistemom je znatno poboljšan kvalitet veza Sarajeva sa Mostarom i
ostalim dijelovima Hercegovine.
Spomenuti realizirani projekti na međugradskom povezivanju bili su neophodni
za uspostavljanje osnovnih oblika veza unutar
teritorije Bosne i Hercegovine pod kontrolom
Armije BiH. Međutim, od izuzetnog značaja za suverenu državu Bosnu i Hercegovinu
bilo je povezivanje međunarodnim vezama sa
svijetom.
Međunarodna radiorelejna veza
Bosna i Hercegovina – Hrvatska (Sarajevo – Zagreb) sa početnim
kapacitetom 2 Mbit/s (30 kanala) – Ova veza je radila u 1992. godini,
ali je ubrzo bila isključena u Hrvatskoj. Godine 1994. izgrađena je digitalna radiorelejna veza između Tuzle i Županje, kapaciteta 2 Mbit/s
(30 kanala), također u vrlo teškim ratnim uvjetima. Ova veza je bila
minimalnog kapaciteta za potrebe prioritetnih pretplatnika, npr. izme-
regeneration (7x4=28) was laid down
across the Mount Igman through the
tunnel Dobrinja–Butmir, beneath the
Sarajevo Airport runway. In order
to connect Sarajevo with Konjic, VF
system with 2900 analogue channels
was established with A/D conversion
in Pazaric, with 120 channels. This
connection was afterwards established
to Mostar with 3 x 2 Mbit/s (90 channels). Using these experiences, a cable
digital system was constructed 10 x 2
Mbit/s (300 channels) – a system for
the connection of ATC Hrasnica (6144 telephones) with the exchanges
in Sarajevo.
When alternative power supply system for Sarajevo was realized,
fiber–optic cable system was also constructed (the connection was
established on the transmission route Sarajevo – Pazaric – Mostar)
–During the construction of the alternative system for the power supply
of Sarajevo, the construction of the fiber–optic cable system with the
capacity of 12 fibers started, which in that time was available. Owing to
this system, the quality of Sarajevo connections with Mostar and other
regions of Herzegovina, was much improved.
Mentioned realized projects for long–distance connections were
necessary for the establishment of basic forms of connections within
the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of the Army
BIH. However, connecting by the international links with the rest of
the world was of outstanding significance for the sovereign state of
Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The international radio–relay link: Bosnia and Herzegovina–
Croatia (Sarajevo – Zagreb) with the initial capacity of 2 Mbit/s (30
channels) – This link has been in operation during 1992, but soon it was
disconnected in Croatia. In 1994, digital radio–relay link between Tuzla
and Zupanja was constructed with the capacity of 2Mbit/s (30 channels), also in very difficult war conditions. This connection had minimal
capacity and was used only for the priority needs of the subscribers,
e.g. between Sarajevo and Tuzla only 2 channels were functional for
international connections. In 1995, equipment was replaced with digital
radio–relay equipment with the capacity of 140Mbit/s (1920 telephone
Zaštita mostarskog
Centra telekomunikacija
od granatiranja / Protection
of Telecommunication Center
Mostar against the shelling
57
đu Sarajeva i Tuzle su bila u funkciji samo 2 kanala za međunarodne
veze. Godine 1995. je oprema zamijenjena digitalnom radiorelejnom
opremom kapaciteta 140 Mbit/s (1920 telefonskih kanala), a 1996. godine između Sarajeva i Zagreba je u funkciji bila jedna 34 Mbit/s grupa
(480 telefonskih kanala sa A/D konverzijom) sa dodatnom mogućnošću
proširenja za tranzitiranje veza prema drugim zemljama.
S obzirom na činjenicu da nisu imali prethodnog iskustva iz
oblasti satelitskih komunikacija, stručnjaci JP PTT saobraćaja BiH su
uspjeli u najtežim ratnim uvjetima montirati i pustiti u rad međunarodnu satelitsku vezu Bosna i Hercegovina – Švajcarska (Sarajevo
– Bern), koristeći EUTELSAT, sa početnim kapacitetom 2 Mbit/s
(30 kanala), sa DCME – opremom (kasnije proširena na 150 kanala
– U drugoj polovici 1992. i početkom 1993. godine tražila su se tehnička rješenja, a zatim i način transporta opreme u potpuno blokirano
Sarajevo. Međutim, tada su se pojavili dodatni problemi, jer je, sa zadatkom da ugovore satelitsku telekomunikacionu opremu, otišlo iz Sarajeva
nekoliko timova stručnjaka, koji se nisu vraćali mjesecima, a realiziranje
projekta je bilo urgentno. Upornosti u radu nije nedostajalo. Bilo je više
pokušaja da se oprema uveze u Sarajevo. Na kraju je oprema ipak stigla u
Sarajevo kao lični prtljag predsjednika Predsjedništva BiH, gospodina
Alije Izetbegovića, u avgustu 1993. godine. Sljedeća poteškoća je bila
da se nađe adekvatan prostor za smještaj opreme. Prostor je morao biti u
blizini naših objekata, sa mogućnošću napajanja električnom energijom,
blizini priključka za telefonsku centralu i, što je bilo najteže, da je prostor što sigurniji od napada neprijateljskih granata koje su padale po cijelom Sarajevo. Odluka je pala da se satelitska stanica postavi u podrum
PTT Inženjeringa a da antena «gleda u nebo» kroz podrumski prozor.
Oprema je postavljena u rekordnom roku i veza je uspostavljena 3. septembra, a puštena u javni saobraćaj 5. septembra 1993. godine, datum
koji se može označiti kao Dan telekomunikacione deblokade grada
Sarajeva i države Bosne i Hercegovine. To je bio nesvakidašnji podvig
zahvaljujući stručnjacima koji su radili na realizaciji ove veze. Ova veza
je kasnije proširena sa DCME – sistemom na 150 kanala. Ona i danas
kvalitetno funkcionira, a ima i važnu historijsku vrijednost.
Zatim su uslijedile i ostale satelitske veze:
Satelitska veza Bosna i Hercegovina – Italija (Sarajevo – Rim),
preko ITALSAT-a, sa instaliranim kapacitetom 3x1 Mbit/s (180 kanala) – Godine 1994. je pod vrlo povoljnim uvjetima dogovoreno satelitsko povezivanje Sarajeva i Rima. I dalje u teškim ratnim okolnostima,
58
channels), and in 1996 between Sarajevo and Zagreb only one 34 Mbit/
s group (480 telephone channels with A/D conversion) was functional
with the additional possibility of extension for transition of the connections towards other countries.
Having in mind that the PTT BIH personell did not have any
previous experience in the field of satellite communications, in the most
difficult war conditions they succeeded to install and start the operation
of the following international satellite connections:
Satellite connection: Bosnia and Herzegovina – Switzerland
(Sarajevo–Bern), using EUTELSAT with the initial capacity of 2
Mbit/s (30 channels) with DCME equipment, afterwards extended
to 150 channels – Near the end of 1992 and at the beginning of 1993,
technical solutions were searched for, as well as the ways of equipment
transport in totally blocked Sarajevo. However, additional problems
occurred when several expert teams left Sarajevo in order to make a
contract on satellite communication equipment, and were absent for
months, whereas the realization of the project was urgent. There were
several attempts to import the equipment in Sarajevo. After a while,
Centar pošta Sarajevo
/ The Post Center Sarajevo
59
Dokument prijave u
članstvo svjetskog
poštanskog saveza
– UPU / Application form for
membership in the United
Postal Union – UPU
60
oprema je, uz dugo zadržavanje na granici sa Hrvatskom, kroz Tunel D – B
ušla u Sarajevo. Ova veza je proradila
novembra 1994. godine;
Satelitska
veza
Bosna
i Hercegovina – SAD, preko
INTELSAT-a, kapaciteta 1,5 Mbit/s
sa DCME – opremom – Na aerodrom
Sarajevo je 31. decembra 1994. godine
stigla oprema za ovu vezu. Dok su drugi skromno proslavljali Novu godinu,
radnici PTT-a su prebacivali opremu
čija montaža je počela početkom 1995,
a dovršena u aprilu iste godine. Osim
što je bilo vrlo teško nabaviti i transportirati opremu u blokirano Sarajevo,
također je bio veliki problem kako istu
montirati da se ne vidi sa agresorskih
položaja na okolnim brdima. U ovom slučaju, prečnik antene bio je
preko 6 metara, pa se u iznalaženju prostora moralo izgraditi posebno
zaštitno krovište pored zgrade PTT-a na Dolac Malti.
Uspostavljanje međunarodnih i domaćih komunikacijskih veza
obavljalo se veoma intenzivno s obzirom na ratne okolnosti. Tako je
izvršeno puštanje u saobraćaj međunarodne – tranzitne centrale
(ITC) Sarajevo, kapaciteta 4000 vodova, za povezivanje Bosne i
Hercegovine sa svijetom. Komutiranje i višestruko iskorištenje međunarodnih i nacionalnih prijenosnih puteva predstavljalo je vrlo značajan
segmet funkcioniranja telefonskih veza države Bosne i Hercegovine.
Nakon višestrukog granatiranja i uništenja ITC sistema M10C, urgentno je demontirana ITC centrala sistema AXE –10. Ova centrala
je ponovo montirana 1995. godine, predstavljala je najvažniju tačku u
funkcioniranju sistema veza u zemlji. U fazi najteže energetske situacije,
1993, 1994. i 1995. godine, tranzitni i lokalni saobraćaj se odvijao preko
lokalne AXE – 10 centrale. Godine 1996. se u finalnom testiranju nalazila nova digitalna SPC centrala za međunarodni i tranzitni saobraćaj,
sistema EWSD, za potrebe cijele Bosne i Hercegovine.
Također, veoma značajna je bila digitalna radiorelejna veza
Tuzla – Dubrave, kapaciteta 8 Mbit/s (120 kanala), kao i veza Tuzla
– Teočak (8 Mbit/s) – Krajem 1995. godine uspostavljen je digitalni
the equipment did arrive with the help
of the President of BIH, Mr. Alija
Izetbegovic, in August of 1993. The
next step was to find an adequate space
for storage of the equipment. The location had to be close to our facilities, with
the possibility of power supply, nearby
connectors for telephone exchange, and
the most difficult condition, that a place
is as safe as possible from the aggressor’s attacks and constant shelling. The
decision was made that the equipment
should be stored in the basement of the
PTT Engineering building and that antenna “points to the sky” through the basement window. The equipment
was stored in the shortest period and the connection was established on
the 3rd of September, and it became functional on the 5th of September
1993, the date which could be marked as the day of the end of telecommunication blockade of Sarajevo and Bosnia and Herzegovina. This
was the outstanding accomplishment of the experts who worked on the
realization of this project. This connection has been later on extended
with DCME system to 150 channels, and it is operational even today
and has a historic value.
Afterwards, other satellite connections were established.
Satellite connection: Bosnia and Herzegovina – Italy (Sarajevo
– Rome), through ITALSATA with the installed capacity of 3x1
Mbit/s (180 channels) – In 1994, under the very good terms, the satellite connection between Sarajevo and Rome was agreed. Still in difficult
war conditions, after long delay at the Croatia border, the equipment
arrived in Sarajevo through the tunnel. This connection started operation in November of 1994.
Satellite connection: Bosnia and Herzegovina – the USA
through INTELSAT with the capacity of 1,5 Mbit/s with DCME
equipment –On the 31st of December, the equipment for this connection arrived at Sarajevo Airport. While others modestly celebrated the
New Year’s Eve, the PTT employees transferred the equipment into the
city. The installation began in January 1995 and was completed during
the April of the same year. Along with the difficulties of acquisition and
transport of the equipment to Sarajevo, it was also a huge task to install
Prve poštanska marka
RBiH iz 1993. god.
/ The first Post stamp of
RB&H from 1993
61
Uništena Pošta Goražde
/ Destroyed post building in
Gorazde
62
radiorelejni sistem za povezivanje Tuzle sa aerodromom Dubrave koji je
imao značajnu komunikacijsku i finansijsku opravdanost za vezu ovog
aerodroma sa svijetom. Također, vrlo značajan RR sistem uspostavljen
je za povezivanje Banovića sa Tuzlom i dalje povezivanje Živinica, kao
i veza Tuzla – Teočak.
Da se tokom rata razmišljalo o budućnosti svjedoči i projektiranje
radiorelejne veze Sarajevo – Tuzla – Okresanica – Mađarska, SDH
kapaciteta 155 Mbit/s (1920 kanala), koje je bilo završeno tijekom
telekomunikacijske blokade 1994., a projekt je bio realiziran u 1996.
godini.
Navedeni najznačajniji projekti svjedoče o velikoj požrtvovanosti i
stručnosti zaposlenih u JP PTT saobraća BiH, ali i o obimu destrukcije
koja je zadesila Bosnu i Hercegovinu tokom rata. Alternativna rješenja
u uspostavljanju veza bila su vrlo urgentna, ali i perspektivna za godine
mira koje su dolazile, jer se većina obnovljenih sistema mogla kasnije
nadograđivati.
Tokom rata rukovodstvo i uposlenici JP PTT saobraćaja BiH
tijesno su sarađivali sa Radio-televizijom BiH i organima državne uprave. Zahvaljujući toj saradnji, u najtežim uvjetima agresije uspjeli su se,
natčovječanskim naporima, osposobiti pojedini objekti kako bi se razbila blokada koju je nametnuo agresor.
it so that it could not be seen from the aggressor’s positions at nearby hills. In this case the diameter of the antenna was more than 6 meters,
so the special protective roof had to be built up
near the PTT building at Dolac Malta.
The establishment of international and
domestic communication connections was intensively conducted having in mind war conditions. The International transit exchange
(ITC) Sarajevo with the capacity of 4000 lines
for the connection of Bosnia and Herzegovina
with the rest of the world started operation.
Switching and multiple utilization of international and national transitional routes represented a significant segment of functioning of BIH
telephone connections. After multiple bombarding and destruction of ITC system M10C,
the ITC exchange of the system AXE10 was
urgently dissembled. This exchange was again
installed in 1995, and even today represents
the most important point of functioning of connection system in the
state. During the period of the difficult power supply in 1993, 1994 and
1995, transit and local traffic was conducted through local exchange
AXE–10. In 1996, the new digital SPC exchange for international and
transit traffic of the EWSD system was in the phase of final testing for
the needs of the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Also, a digital radio–relay link Tuzla – Dubrave with the capacity
of 8Mbit/s (120 channels) was very important as well as the connection
Tuzla – Teocak (8Mbit/s) – Near the end of 1995, the digital radio–relay system for the connection of Tuzla with Dubrave Airport was established, and it had significant communication and financial justification
for the connection of this airport with the world. Very important RR
system was also established for the connection of Banovici with Tuzla
and Zivinice, as well as for the connection of Tuzla – Teocak.
The fact that during the war people were thinking about the future, is proved by the construction of radio–relay link: Sarajevo – Tuzla
– Okresanica – Hungary, with the SDH capacity of 155 Mbit/s (1920
channels), which was completed during the telecommunication blockade in 1994, and the project was realized in 1996.
63
Obnova PTT sistema
Bosne i Hercegovine u ratnom periodu
JP PTT saobraćaja BiH i RTV su veliki komunikacijski sistemi i,
nažalost, u periodu do agresije nisu imali dovoljno dobru saradnju u
bivšoj Jugoslaviji, jer su se razvijali kao dva potpuno odvojena sistema.
U toku rata saradnja se u značajnoj mjeri poboljšala, a mnogi poslovi
su zajednički koordinirani. Telekomunikacijsku deblokadu Sarajeva su
zajednički izvodili od 1993. godine, a kombinacijom zajedničke opreme
uspjeli su uspostaviti tijesne veze i saradnju, čime se uspjela uspostaviti
komunikacija Sarajeva sa Zenicom i Tuzlom i na taj način omogućilo
PTT-u izlazak u Hrvatsku. U drugoj polovici 1994. godine se odvijala
ranije planirana aktivnost na uspostavljanju veza prema jugu. Također
se zajedničkom akcijom, u decembru te godine, TV signal doveo do
Mostara.
Bilo je još mnogo značajnih zajedničkih aktivnosti tokom rata.
Tako, na samom početku agresije, uspostavljen je mikrovalni link između PTT i RTV doma. Istina, u tim ratnim uvjetima to je urađeno sa
mobilnim linkom i on je morao biti sakriven, jer su i RTV dom i Pošta
bili izloženi djelovanju neprijatelja koji ih je mogao vidjeti sa okolnih
brda. Taj link je služio da se, u slučaju prekida TV veza, mogu koristiti
PTT veze, i obrnuto. Kao takav je odigrao značajnu ulogu oko slanja
televizijskog signala sa tržnice Markale, na kojoj se desio strašan masakr, jer u tom vremenu Sarajevo je već bilo blokirano padom Vlašića,
Majevice i Bukovika. TV signal je bio blokiran, ali je, zajednički uspostavljenom vezom od RTV doma do Pošte i od Pošte dalje, u svijet poslana vijest o stravičnom zločinu, mada je agresor bio uvjeren da u tom
momentu neće proći signal iz Sarajeva i da se ove strahote neće vidjeti.
Na pojedine zajedničke poslove je, uz pomoć Armije Republike
Bosne i Hercegovine, izlazila zajednička ekipa kombinirana od inženjera i tehničara RTV i PTT-a, uz potporu pripadnika Civilne zaštite.
Ekipa je bila zajednički formirana, a i oprema se zajednički koristila,
npr. link RTV-a, a parabola PTT-a, ili obrnuto. Uglavnom, RTV je
imao više linkova, a Pošta je davala parabole i drugi dio opreme, pa
su tako uspostavljene veze PTT – relej Hum, a kasnije Hum – Lisac
i telekomunikacioni centar Tuzla. Tako je uspostavljena komunikacija
prema Zenici, Tuzli i Mostaru. Takva saradnja je bila moguća i logična
64
All those important projects indicate the PTT employees’ dedication and expertise but also the magnitude of the destruction which
inflicted Bosnia and Herzegovina during the war. Alternative solutions
in establishing connections were urgent but also perspective for the
peaceful years that followed, because the majority of restored systems
had a possibility of upgrade.
During the war the management and employees of the PTT
closely cooperated with the Radio–Television BIH (RTV) and with the
state authorities. Owing to this cooperation, in the most difficult conditions of the aggression, with tremendous efforts, certain facilities were
made functional in order to break the blockade that the aggressor had
imposed on Sarajevo and BIH.
Reconstruction of the PTT system
during the War
The PTT and the RTV are huge telecommunication systems and
unfortunately before the war they had not had a close cooperation in
the former Yugoslavia, because they were developing as two separate
systems. During the war, this cooperation had significantly improved
and many activities were jointly coordinated. Since 1993, they worked
together to break the telecommunication blockade, and with the combination of common equipment they succeeded to establish close ties
and cooperation, by means of which connection of Sarajevo with Zenica
and Tuzla was established, and it was made possible for the PTT to
connect with Croatia. In the second half of 1994, there were previously
planned activities for the establishment of connections with the south.
In December of the same year, with joint efforts TV signal reached
Mostar.
There were many others significant joint activities during the war.
Thus, at the beginning of the aggression a microwave link was established between the PTT and RTV institutions. Due to war conditions
this was done by means of mobile link which had to be hidden, because
both the RTV building and the Post were easily seen from the aggressors’ positions from the surrounding hills. In the case of abruption of
TV connections it was possible to use PTT connections and vice versa.
This link played a significant role in broadcasting of the TV signal from
65
Puštanje centrale SI2000
u Mostaru, 8. mart 1995.
god. / Putting into operation
of an exchange SI2000 in
Mostar, March 8th 1995
pošto je RTV imao nešto više sačuvane opreme, a PTT je stajao bolje sa
finansijskim sredstvima.
Za obnavljanje telekomunikacione mreže bila su potrebna značajna finansijska sredstva. U aprilu 1994. godine, JP PTT saobraćaja
BiH zabilježilo je nagativni saldo od 3.500.000 DEM, da bi krajem iste
godine bio ostvaren pozitivni saldo od 400.000 DEM, što je, svakako,
velika zasluga poslovodnog rukovodstva preduzeća i političkog interesa
Bosne i Hercegovine. Investiranje je nastavljeno i tokom 1995. godine,
kada je u obnovu objekata uloženo 55 miliona DEM, od kojih u nove
investicije 29 miliona DEM iz vlastitih sredstava, a značajna finansijska
sredstva bila su neophodna i za redovno održavanje PTT saobraćaja.
Tako velika sredstva bila su neophodna budući da poslovodni organi
nisu dozvoljavali unošenje zastarjelih i neadekvatnih tehnologija, pa
i onda kada su dolazile od donatora koji su nudili pomoć u obnovi. Glavni cilj je bila potpuna digitalizacija, što je bio vrlo zahtjevan
zadatak, a pošto su stari uređaji bili uništeni tokom rata, vrhunski
stručnjaci u JP PTT saobraćaja BiH nisu dozvolili da im se krajem
rata proda ili donira zastarjela tehnologija. To je bila jedina ispravna
poslovna orijentacija s obzirom na postavljeni cilj da se barem donekle
stignu druge asocijacije ove vrste i uhvati priključak u svjetski uvezanu
komunikacionu cjelinu, u kojoj je i Bosna i Hercegovina željela naći
svoje mjesto kao njen sastavni dio.
66
marketplace Markale, where a horrible and deadly massacre happened,
because at that time Sarajevo was already blocked with the fall of Vlasic,
Majevica and Bukovik. TV signal was blocked but due to established
link from RTV building to the Post and further on, the news on this
unspeakable horrid crime was sent to the world, although the aggressor
was confident that the signal would not came out of Sarajevo and that
these horrible pictures would not be seen by the rest of the world.
With the assistance of the Army of BIH, a combined team of
engineers and technical staff of both the PTT and RTV, used to perform joint activities on the field with the support of the Civil Protection
staff. The team was mutually formed and the equipment was jointly
used, thus for example, the link of the RTV was used and the parabola
of the PTT, or vice versa. Mostly, RTV had more links and the Post
had more parabolas and other equipment, so this was how the following connections were established: PTT – Relay Hum, afterwards Hum
– Lisac and telecommunication center Tuzla. Thus, the communication
was established with Zenica, Tuzla and Mostar. This cooperation was
possible and it was also logical, because the RTV saved more equipment, whereas the PTT had more financial resources.
Significant financial resources were required for the restoration of telecommunication network. In the April of 1994, the Public
Enterprise PTT BIH recorded unfavorable balance of 3.500.000 DM,
and near the end of the same year a favorable balance of 400.000 DM
was realized owing to the management administration of the PTT and
political interest of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The investment continued
during the 1995, and in the reconstruction of the facility was invested
55 millions DM, of which 29 millions from our own resources, and also
a significant financial resources were necessary for the regular maintenance of the PTT communications. These great financial resources
were necessary, since the management did not allow bringing in old and
outdated technologies, even when they were donated for the assistence in
the reconstruction. The main goal was the total digitalization which was a
very comprehensive and demanding task. The old devices were destroyed
during the war, and experts from The Public Enterprise PTT BIH did
not want to receive out of date technology. This was the positive business
orientation in order to reach other similar associations and get connection
with the world communications, and became a part of it.
During the war, other activities of the PTT were not put into
the background, including the philately. Bosnia and Herzegovina have
67
Tokom rata nisu bile zapostavljene ni druge
djelatnosti PTT-a, među kojima i filatelija. Bosna i Hercegovina ima dugu filatelističku tradiciju koja traje od 1879. godine. Svijest o postojanju
bosanskohercegovačke državnosti nije izbrisao
rat, pa je na prvoj seriji redovnih poštanskih
maraka iz ratne 1993. godine bio prikazan grb
Republike Bosne i Hercegovine, a 1994. godine je obilježena 10. godišnjica Zimskih olimpijskih igara u Sarajevu te dat homage zgradi Pošte
na Obali, kao historijskom spomeniku. U 1995.
godini ostvaren je značajan program izdavanja poštanskih maraka koji je obuhvatio razne
historijske spomenike, u namjeri da se svijetu
prezentira više detalja o Bosni i Hercegovini.
Zahvaljujući tom projektu, filatelistička izdavačka djelatnost JP PTT saobraćaja BiH izašla je
na svjetsko tržište, čime se uvrstila među deset
vodećih filatelističkih kuća u svijetu sa programima te vrste. Filatelija je specifičan, značajan i
visoko profitabilan biznis kojem je JP PTT saobraćaja BiH poklonilo dužnu pažnju, pa su i rezultati bili na zavidnom
nivou – godine 1995. proglašeno je izdavačem godine. Uz podatak da
je devedeset posto maraka te serije odmah na početku prodato, može se
naznačiti uspjeh i u finansijskom poslovanju, ali i u promoviranju države
Bosne i Hercegovine.
Osim probijanja telekomunikacijske blokade, za stanovnike
Sarajeva je bilo vrlo bitno probijanje poštanske blokade. Nakon 2. maja
1992. godine, od sarajevskih pošta radila je jedino pošta 71120 Sarajevo
na Dolac Malti. Međutim, još tokom istog mjeseca bile su otvorene pošte u Ferhadiji, na Koševskom brdu, na Vratniku, u Švrakinom Selu, na
Alipašinom Polju i na Željezničkoj stanici, u kojima se nastojao održati
minimalni platni promet, zatim isplata penzija na temelju popisa PIO
BiH, a potom preko uplatnica. To je bio simboličan znak da se na blokadu mora odgovoriti deblokadom, pa makar to bili samo puki pokušaji.
U ovom sektoru su bile pokrenute brojne inicijative od kojih su
se samo neke realizirale, kao naprimjer: tek u aprilu 1993. godine uspostavljena je linija transporta poštanskih pošiljaka zračnim putem i to
samo jednom mjesečno uz posredstvo UNHCR-a na relaciji Sarajevo
68
a long philatelic tradition which lasts from 1879. Awareness on the
existence of Bosnian sovereignty was not wiped out by the war. The
first regular postal stamp serial was from 1993, with the state coat of
arms, and in 1994 the 10th anniversary of the Winter Olympic Games
in Sarajevo was marked, and the Main Post Office at Obala Street was
paid homage as a historic monument. In 1995, a significant program of
the postal stamps issuance was realized, which included various historic
monuments in order to present to the world as many details as possible from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Owing to the project, philatelic
publishing of the Public Enterprise PTT BIH reached world market
and was included in ten major philatelic institutions in the world. In
1995, it was proclaimed for the publishing house of the year. The proof
of its professionalism is the fact that its partner is the Publishing House
Courvoiseier from the Switzerland. Along with the fact that 90 % of
postal stamps of that serial was sold at the very beginning, the success
was made in financial business but also in the promotion of the state of
Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Besides breaking through the telecommunication blockade, for
the Sarajevo citizens was very important breaking through the postal
blockade. After the 2nd of May 1992, of all Sarajevo post offices, only
the Post Office 71120 at Dolac Malta was functional. However, during
the same month, the post offices reopened in Ferhadija Street, Kosevsko
Brdo, Vratnik, Svrakino Selo, Alipasino Polje and in Railway Station,
where minimal money transfer was maintained along with the payoff
of retirement pensions. This was a symbolic signal of freedom in the
city under the siege. Within this field of work a numerous initiatives
were launched, and few were realized, for example: not before April
of 1993, the air route for transport of mail items was established, once
a month only, with UNHCR agency, on the route Sarajevo – Split
– Sarajevo. After two months, this traffic was abolished. However, according to the Plan of the Organization of Internal and International
PTT Service of the State of BIH, in war conditions, adopted on the 8th
of April 1993, the General Director of the Public Enterprise PTT BIH
made decision on relocation of the office of exchange 71003 Sarajevo
and the Main Post Center to Zenica. Consequently, the management
of the PTT BIH made decision to organize mail transfer across the
free territories. Although from June 1992 to April 1993, RZ (working
unit) PTT Zenica has already been in close cooperation with the PTT
Tuzla, Visoko, Bugojno, and Maglaj, organized transfer of postal items
69
Radilo se i pod granatama
/ The work was performed
during the bombardment
70
– Split – Sarajevo. Ovaj
je promet bio obustavljen
već nakon dva mjeseca.
Međutim, prema Planu
organiziranja unutrašnjeg
i međunarodnog PTT
saobraćaja Republike BiH
u ratnim uvjetima, usvojenim 8. aprila 1993. godine, generalni direktor JP
PTT BiH donio je odluku
o premještanju izmjenične pošte 71003 Sarajevo i
Glavnog poštanskog centra u Zenicu. Prema tome,
rukovodstvo JP PTT saobraćaja BiH se odlučilo za organiziranje prijevoza poštanskih pošiljaka preko slobodnih područja. Mada je tadašnja
RZ PTT Zenica već od juna 1992. do aprila 1993. godine, u saradnji sa
PTT Tuzla, Visoko, Bugojno i Maglaj, organizirala promet poštanskih
pošiljaka na slobodnim teritorijama i dalje prema Hrvatskoj i Sloveniji,
te drugim zemljama, do potpunog ostvarenja spomenute odluke došlo
je tek nakon prestanka sukoba i uspostavljanja primirja sa Hrvatskim
vijećem obrane, u martu 1994. godine. Zvanično, unutrašnji promet na
slobodnim područjima uspostavljen je 1. novembra 1994. godine.
Međutim, u ovom sektoru djelatnosti su činjeni daljnji napori, a
oni su uspješno realizirani 25. septembra 1995. godine, kada je iz Zenice
krenulo prvo vozilo JP PTT saobraćaja BiH sa pošiljkama za inostranstvo. Time je bio normaliziran međunarodni poštanski saobraćaj između Bosne i Hercegovine i cijelog svijeta, preko Frankfurta (Njemačka),
kao značajan dio PTT sistema.
U ostvarivanju aktivnosti u svim sektorima djelatnosti uloženi su
ogromni napori, jer je preduzeće bilo kadrovski osiromašeno. Dio zaposlenih je napustio preduzeće i otišao na agresorsku stranu, određeni
broj u inostranstvo, dio je bio mobiliziran u Armiju BiH, a neki radnici
nisu mogli dolaziti na posao zbog raznih vrsta blokada. S posebnim
pijetetom moraju se spomenuti šehidi i poginuli borci, prema kojima je
potrebno čuvati najdublje poštovanje i sjećanje.
Nedostatak radnika svih profila bio je evidentan, jer je uoči rata
bilo 12.500 zaposlenih, a iz rata je preduzeće izašlo sa oko 4.000 zapo-
through the free territories and further towards Croatia and Slovenia
and other countries. The mentioned decision was realized only after
the termination of conflicts, and entering into the force of the Cease
Fire Agreement with the Croatian Defense Council in March of 1994.
Officially, the internal traffic at free territories was established on the
1st of November 1994. However, further activities were planned within
this domain, and were successfully realized on the 25th of September
1995, when the first vehicle of the PTT BIH set off, with the postal
items for the foreign countries. Thus, through Frankfurt (Germany),
the international postal traffic between Bosnia and Herzegovina and
the rest of the world was normalized, as a significant part of the PTT
system.
Due to the staff deficiency, the tremendous efforts were made in
order to realize the work in all fields of activities. Certain number of
employees left the enterprise and joined the aggressor, certain number
moved abroad, a part was mobilized to BIH Army, and some employees
could not came to work due to various blockades. Shehids and killed
soldiers must be mentioned with special honor and esteem and the remembrance must be kept alive with the deepest respect. The lack of
employees was evident. Before the war, there were 12.500 employees
and after the war the enterprise had only 4.000 employees. Therefore,
during the war, permanent employees having a status of “working obligation” endured great efforts. During working days and nights, under
the constant shelling and snipers’ deadly fire, all those who continued
to work in the PTT BIH – the management staff, few engineers, assemblers and others, strived with great efforts to establish a necessary
connection system and thus enable the breaking through of informational blockade. They worked day and night in order to repair parts
of the telecommunication system which was destroyed over and over
again, but could be used in improvised form. Besides military attacks,
various other problems existed, for example, the lack of technical field
teams, material, fuel, transport vehicles, blocked roads, towns, villages,
communities, etc. During those days, the tunnel Dobrinja–Butmir was
of exceptional importance for the PTT system. It had tremendous and
multiple importance for the country defense and for the informing of
the international community and the world public about the war situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
By the reconstruction of the Public Enterprise PTT BIH system
during the war, the foundations were laid for its regular operation and
71
slenih. Prema tome, velike napore tokom rata su podnijeli zaposleni u
statusu radne obaveze. Pod udarima granata i ubitačnom vatrom snajpera, tih ratnih radnih dana i noći, svi oni koji su nastavili raditi u JP PTT
saobraćaja BiH – rukovodstvo, malobrojni inženjeri, monteri i drugi
– uz nadljudske napore nastojali su i uspjeli uspostaviti najnužniji sistem
veza i time omogućiti probijanje informativne blokade. Danonoćno su
se borili da stave u funkciju potrgane dijelove telekomunikacionog sistema koji se mogao iskoristiti, a nakon ponovnih granatiranja nanovo ih
revitalizirati, makar i u improviziranom obliku.
Osim vojnih udara, postojali su i mnogi drugi problemi, kao
npr. malobrojnost tehničkih terenskih ekipa, nedostatak potrošnog i
reprodukcionog materijala, nedostatak goriva i transportnih sredstava,
blokiranost puteva, gradova, sela, naselja i slično. Tih ratnih dana je
Tunel D – B bio od izuzetne važnosti i za PTT sistem. To je bilo od
ogromnog i višestrukog značaja za odbranu zemlje i za obavještavanje
međunarodne zajednice i svjetske javnosti o ratnim dešavanjima u Bosni
i Hercegovini.
Revitalizacijom sistema JP PTT saobraćaja BiH tokom rata pravili su se planovi i podloga za poslijeratni razvoj ove privredne oblasti.
Godina 1995. bit će zapamćena kao godina potpisivanja Dejtonskog
sporazuma, a u historiji JP PTT saobraćaja BiH kao godina potpune telekomunikacijske deblokade zemlje, zatim uspostave redovnog odvijanja
međunarodnog poštanskog saobraćaja, priznavanja bosanskohercegovačkih poštanskih maraka od strane UPU-a, i daljnjeg moderniziranja
telekomunikacionog i poštanskog saobraćaja u Bosni i Hercegovini.
72
development in the future. The year 1995, will be remembered as the
year when the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed, and in the history of the PTT, as the year when the telecommunication blockade
was lifted, the year of the establishment of regular international postal
service, recognition of the BIH postal stamps by the UPU and further
modernization of telecommunication and postal services in Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
Otkrivanje Spomen–
obilježja poginulim PTT
radnicima, Dolac Malta
/ Unveiling of a memorial–
tablet dedecated to the PTT
workers who were killed,
Dolac Malta.
73
Period poslijeratne
rekonstrukcije i obnove
PTT sistema
The Period of postwar
Reconstruction
of the PTT system
D
PTT objekat u Zenici
/ PTT buildings in Zenica
76
aljnji razvoj nakon rata, JP PTT saobraćaja BiH nastavlja pod istim motom: “Želimo najmoderniju tehnologiju”,
organizirano na području Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine
prema regionalnom i kantonalnom principu, sa sedam direkcija PTT saobraćaja (Sarajevo, Zenica, Tuzla, Bihać, Mostar, Jajce
– Travnik, i Goražde), Generalnom direkcijom u Sarajevu i PTTInženjeringom. Ovakva matrična organizacija predstavlja osnovicu za
ravnomjeran razvoj i daljnju obnovu na cijelom području Federacije
BiH, ali i sinhronizaciju svih drugih brojnih akcija i, što je najbitnije,
ujednačen kvalitet usluga na cjelokupnom prostoru svoga djelovanja.
Shodno ovakvoj regionalnoj organizaciji, telekomunikaciona mreža sastoji se od sedam tranzitnih područja, a nesmetano odvijanje poštanskog
saobraćaja – i unutrašnjeg i međunarodnog – osigurava se posredstvom
organiziranja centara pošta u svim spomenutim direkcijama PTT saobraćaja. Na putu strukturnog i tehničko-tehnološkog prilagođavanja
i modernizacije, JP PTT saobraćaja BiH je otvorilo bosanskohercegovačko tržište za mnoge evropske, ali i azijske i američke kompanije, za
isporuku telekomunikacione, satelitske i ostale savremene opreme.
Osim tehničko-tehnološke modernizacije, JP PTT saobraćaja
Bosne i Hercegovine je svojom dalekovidnom poslovnom politikom
u ratu otvorilo i druge procese bitne za državu Bosnu i Hercegovinu.
Blagovremenom pravnom procedurom učlanilo je Bosnu i Hercegovinu
u relevantne međunarodne asocijacije. Među brojnim je reguliranje prava u ITU asocijaciji koja mu je dodijelila nacionalni kod 387 kao jedinstven na čitavom bosanskohercegovačkom teritoriju. Mada je agresijom
F
urther development after the war, the Public Enterprise PTT
BIH continued with the same motto “We want the latest technology”, and is organized at the territory of the Federation of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to the regional and cantonal principle, with seven PTT directorates (Sarajevo, Zenica, Tuzla,
Bihac, Mostar, Jajce, Travnik and Gorazde), the General Directorate
in Sarajevo and the PTT Engineering. This matrix organization represents the base for the even development
and further reconstruction at the whole
territory of the Federation of BIH, but
also a synchronization of further numerous activities, and the most important – standardized quality of services
in each and every place of its operation.
According to such regional organization, the telecommunication network is
comprised of seven transit zones, and undisturbed functioning of postal services
– both internal and international – is secured by the organization of post centers
in all mentioned directorates of the PTT
Directorates. On the way of the structural and technical–technological
adjustment and modernization, the PTT BIH have opened Bosnian–
Herzegovinian market for many European, Asian and American companies for the delivery of telecommunication, satellite and other modern
equipment.
Besides
technical–technological
modernization, the PTT BIH with its
profound business policy during the war,
have opened other important processes
for Bosnia and Herzegovina. With timely
legal procedure, Bosnia and Herzegovina
was integrated in relevant international
associations. Among others, the regulation of the rights within the ITU, which
allocated the unique country code “387”
for the whole territory of BIH. Although
during the war BIH was divided also by
the principle of dialing codes for its cer-
PTT objekti u Konjicu
i Travniku / PTT buildings
in Konjic and Travnik
77
tokom rata BiH bila razjedinjena i po osnovi pozivnih brojeva za pojedine njene dijelove u ovisnosti čija je vojska imala kontrolu nad njima,
nakon potpisivanja Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma došlo je vrijeme
da se regulira i ovo vrlo bitno pitanje za jednu suverenu državu. Tako je
JP PTT saobraćaja BiH 31. 12. 1995. godine otkazalo ugovor HPT-u,
potpisan za vrijeme rata sa hrvatskim poštama, važećim do završetka rata. Pozivajući se na ispunjavanje međunarodnih pravnih normi i
standarda, JP PTT saobraćaja BiH je predstojalo vrijeme poništavanja
pozivnog broja 381 za srpski entitet preko Beograda, a s obzirom na
ispravnu poslovnu politiku tokom rata u tome su i uspjeli.
Pozivajući 387 za Bosnu i Hercegovinu mnogi će se sjetiti velike
požrtvovanosti i patriotizma JP PTT saobraćaja BiH tokom rata, ali
prvenstveno uspjeha kojima se prkosilo i pobjedilo u teškom četvorogodišnjem odupiranju agresiji na državu Bosnu i Hercegovinu.
JP PTT saobraćaja BiH
u vremenu 1996–2000. godine
Dolazak mira za ljude Javnog preduzeća PTT saobraćaja Bosne i
Hercegovine predstavljao je, pored ostalog, i pravi profesionalni i radni izazov. Završetak četverogodišnje prisilne blokade otvorio je mnoge
mogućnosti, ali se trebalo suočiti sa mnogim ograničenjima koje je rat
ostavio za sobom i krenuti dalje. Izgubljeno vrijeme je trebalo nadoknaditi, jer je svijet mimo Bosne i Hercegovine grabio žurnim koracima
naprijed u svemu pa i u usavršavanju telekomunikacija. Građani Bosne
i Hercegovine žudili su za normalizacijom života, za prekidom infomativne blokade, za uspostavom izgubljenih komunikacija, tako da su
usluge ovog preduzeća postale neophodan uslov za obnovu cjelokupnog
društvenog života.
U oba sektora JP PTT saobraćaja BiH – u poštanskom saobraćaju
i u telekomunikacijama – a koje su predstavljene u Generalnoj direkciji
sa Direkcijom telekomunikacija i Direkcijom pošta – išlo se na osavremenjavanje kroz uvođenje digitalne tehnologije, jer su se evropski
standardi izmijenili i tražili takvu vrstu tehničko-poslovne orijentacije.
Politika koju je Preduzeće usvojilo išla je za obnovom koja nije dopuštala uvođenje zastarjele tehologije i pored svih ponuda donatora, već
se opredijelila da se pokušaju pratiti svi tokovi modernih tehnoloških
78
tain parts, after the signing of the Dayton Peace
Agreement, the time came to regulate this very
important question for a sovereign state. Thus,
the Public Enterprise PTT BIH on the 31st of
December 1995, cancelled the agreement to HPT
(the Croatian Post and Telecommunications),
signed during the war with Croatian Posts, and
valid until the end of war. Referring to fulfilling
of the international legal norms and standards, the
dialing code “381” through Belgrade for the Serb
entity was cancelled, due to proper policy of the
PTT BIH during the war.
By dialing “387” for Bosnia and Herzegovina
many will remember the great sacrifice and patriotism of the PTT BIH during the war, but most of all,
the successes by which we defied and become victorious in the difficult four years long resistance to the
aggression on the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Public Enterprise PTT BIH
in the period 1996–2000
The forthcoming period of peace represented a true professional and
working challenge for the personnel of the Public Enterprise PTT
BIH. The end of the four years long blockade opened new possibilities,
but it was also necessary to confront with many limitations that the war
left behind, and move on. It was necessary also to compensate the lost
time, for the world had passed by the BIH with a quick pace in various
improvements and also in the development of the telecommunications.
The citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina yearned for the normalization
of life, for the termination of the informational blockade, for the restoration of lost communications, thus, the PTT services became the
impetus for the reconstruction of the entire society.
In both sectors of the Public Enterprise PTT BIH – postal services
and telecommunications – which existed within the General Directorate
as the Directorate of Posts and Directorate of Telecommunications – began the modernization and updating through the introduction of digital
Dokument prijave u
članstvo međunarne
unije za telekomunikacije
– ITU / Application
form for membership
in the International
Telecommunication Union
–ITU
79
strujanja. To je bio početak novih iskušenja koje je trebalo izdržati, ali
su se dugoročno očekivali bolji rezultati i za Preduzeće i za korisnike
njegovih usluga – građane Bosne i Hercegovine.
Pred novim izazovima
Urgentne su bile intervencije na telefonskoj mreži da bi se obezbijedilo
normalno funkcioniranje telefonskog saobraćaja, obnovile mjesne mreže u svim regionalnim centrima, zatim se nastojao sanirati poštanski
saobraćaj, obnoviti radiorelejni objekti i ostala PTT infrastruktura. U
planu su bili brojni projekti: izgradnja mobilne telefonije sistema GSM,
digitalnih RR sistema sa SDH tehnologijom, te fiber-optički digitalni
prijenosi sa višestrukim iskorištenjem kroz upotrebu ISDN servisa, kablovske televizije i prijenosa podataka i svih drugih vrsta informacija.
Probijanje blokade koje je počelo još tokom rata nastavljeno je i 1996.
godine, povezivanjem sa susjednim i bliskim zemljama. Ušlo se u projekt
Bari–Dubrovnik Telecom Italia (italijanski telekom), u koji su već bile ušle
Mađarska, Grčka, Albanija, Hrvatska Slovenija, Makedonija, Poljska,
Njemačka i Turska. Bosna i Hercegovina je te godine imala vezu sa 214 zemalja i sve su to članice ITU, a saobraćaj je išao preko Swisscoma (švajcarskog
telekoma), Telecom Italia, švedske Telie ili preko ITT-a za Ameriku gdje se
vršila daljnja distribucija saobraćaja. Puštena je satelitska veza sa Njemačkom
sa 122 kanala, sa mogućnošću proširenja na 360, a sa Britanijom je puštena
satelitska veza sa 60 kanala preko British Telecoma, gdje se Deutsch Telecom
također iskazao kao izuzetno dobar partner.
Prišlo se obnovi komunikacija sa Hrvatskom putem sistema optičkog evropskog kabla i to od Mostara do Metkovića i Ploča, preko
Kupresa i Livna sa Splitom, te preko Srebrenika sa Županjom i Bihaća
sa Karlovcem.
Blokada je rušena i otvaranjem satelitskog kanala na Televiziji
Bosne i Hercegovine, što je bilo omogućeno i članstvom JP PTT saobraćaja BiH u EUTELSAT-u, čime su informacije postale dostupnije
za sve korisnike. Ova dva preduzeća su radila na izgradnji zajedničke
infrastrukture i objekata, te jedno drugom ustupalo već postojeće, izgrađene objekte. Ta vrlo uspješna saradnja sezala je još od ratnog vremena.
Kasnije će se, za međunarodni promet, instalirati 6 satelitskih sistema, koji su omogućavali vezu sa čitavim svijetom (Njemačkom 240
kanala, Italijom 180, Švajcarskom 150, Švedskom 150, SAD 96, Velikom
80
Rad na montaži
razdjelnika međunarodne
centrale Obala / Montage
of the distribution frame of
the international exchange
Obala
technologies, because European standards had changed, and this new
kind of technical–business orientation was required. The policy adopted
by the Enterprise implied that the reconstruction did not allow implementation of out of date technology, which was offered by many donators, but tried to keep the pace with all modern technological standards
and innovations. This was the beginning of new temptations that had
to be endured, but in the long run the better results were expected both
for the enterprise and for the users of its services – the citizens of Bosnia
and Herzegovina.
Facing New Challenges
Urgent interventions were conducted within the telephone network in
order to provide normal operation of telephone service and to reconstruct the local networks in all regional centers. The PTT personnel
tried to repair the postal traffic, to reconstruct radio–relay facilities
and other PTT infrastructure. Numerous projects were planned: establishing of the mobile GSM system, digital RR systems with SDH
technology, as well as fiber–optic digital transmissions with multiple
utilization through the ISDN services, cable television, data transmission and transmission of other forms of information.
The raising of the blockade began during the war and was continued during the 1996, by means of establishing connections with neigh81
Sanacija mjesne TT
mreže / Sanation of the
telecommunication access
network
Britanijom 60). Radiorelejni sistemi povezali su Sarajevo sa Hrvatskom,
Mađarskom i Slovenijom. Tako su se vremenom sa Hrvatskom dobila
624 kanala, Mađarskom 180 kanala i sa Slovenijom 180 kanala, koji su
omogućavali tranzitni promet prema Italiji, Švajcarskoj i SAD. U okviru radiorelejnog sistema sa Mađarskom realizovano je direktno povezivanje sa Austrijom, Njemačkom, Francuskom, Belgijom, Jugoslavijom,
Turskom, Slovačkom, Makedonijom i Norveškom.
Do 1998. godine realizirano je ukupno 2.485 međunarodnih vodova. Došlo je do otvaranja novih međunarodnih centrala sa mnogo
većim kapacitetom nego do tada (u Sarajevu i Tuzli), kao i tranzitnih
centrala Sarajevo, Mostar, Tuzla, Zenica i Bihać. Izgrađene su, pri tome,
kombinirane centrale kao i veliki broj lokalnih telefonskih centrala u
svim mjestima, koje su bile spojene na Sarajevo. Počele su se nuditi nove
usluge, kao što je ISDN mreža. To su bili začeci tehnološke infrastrukture paketske mreže BH Telecom-a.
82
boring countries. BIH became a part of the project Barry – Dubrovnik
Telecom Italia, in which following countries had already participated:
Hungary, Greece, Albania, Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Poland,
Germany and Turkey. That year, Bosnia and Herzegovina established
a connection with 214 countries, all members of the ITU, and the traffic was conducted by the Swisscom (The Swiss Telecom), Telecom Italia,
Swedish Telia or through the ITT for the USA where further distribution of the traffic was conducted. The satellite connection with the
Germany started operation with 122 channels, with the possibility of
extension to 360 channels, and with the Great Britain a satellite connection with 60 channels started operation through the British Telecom,
where Deutche Telekom proved to be a very good partner as well.
Reconstruction of the communications with Croatia began
through European optical cable system from Mostar to Metkovic and
Ploce, over Kupres and Livno with Split, over Srebrenik with Zupanja,
and over Bihac with Karlovac.
The opening of the satellite channel on the television of BIH,
contributed to the termination of the blockade, and was made possible
by the membership of the PTT BIH in the EUTELSAT by means of
which the information were more available for all users. This successful
cooperation started during the war.
Later on, 6 more satellite systems would be installed for the international traffic, which provided the connection with the rest of the
world (Germany – 240 channels, Italy –180, Switzerland – 150, Sweden
– 150, the USA – 96, Great Britain – 60). Radio–relay systems connected Sarajevo with Croatia, Hungary and Slovenia. Thus, over the
time, 624 channels were obtained with Croatia, 180 channels with
Hungary and 180 with Slovenia, which enabled transit traffic towards
Italy, Switzerland and the USA. Within the radio–relay system with
Hungary, a direct connection was established with Austria, Germany,
France, Belgium, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Slovak Republic, Macedonia and
Norway. Until 1998, totally 2.485 of international links were realized.
New international exchanges were put into operation with much
larger capacity (in Sarajevo and Tuzla) as well as transit exchanges Sarajevo,
Mostar, Tuzla, Zenica and Bihac. Also combined exchanges were constructed, and the great number of local telephone exchanges in all places,
which were connected with Sarajevo. New services were provided, such
as the ISDN service. These were the beginnings of the technological infrastructure of the BH Telecom’s packet–switched network.
83
Nove tehnologije
Gradnja RR objekata
na planinama je bila
izrazito zahtjevan posao
/ Construction of Radio-relay
facilities on the mountains
was an extremely demanding
task
84
U Sarajevu je te 1996. godine instalirana i puštena u rad prva SPC centrala sistema AXE-10 sa hardverom i softverom koji podržavaju ISDN
servise, čime je postignuto uključenje u svjetski Internet sistem, i to preko sistema Italije, Njemačke, Švajcarske i Švedske, a čije je čvorište bilo
u Sarajevu. Istovremeno se unutar zemlje obnavljala mreža nekadašnjeg
BIHPAK-a, unutrašnje računarske mreže, novim, modernim uređajima
NORTEL-a, tako da je kompletna ISDN mreža stajala na raspolaganju
korisnicima takvih usluga. Ova mreža se zasniva na digitalnom prijenosu i komutaciji upravljanoj računarima, pa, kao i terminali sastavljeni iz
takvih sklopova, pruža sve prednosti ove tehnike u odnosu na analogne.
ISDN mreža je bila u razvoju u Evropi pa se od 1993. godine uvodi
kao jedinstvena mreža odlukom Evropske unije (EU) uz učešće 20 država u cilju definiranja Euro-ISDN-a kao jedinstvene primjene ISDN
mreže i unifikacije proizvodnje telekomunikacione ISDN opreme na
Evropskom zajedničkom tržištu. Tako je i Bosna i Hercegovina postala
dio ovog evropskog informacionog sistema.
U unutrašnjem saobraćaju nastojala se organizirati mreža uz digitalne centrale (EWSD u Tuzli, Mostaru, Zenici, Travniku, Bihaću i
Bugojnu), a veza se planirala uspostaviti optičkim kablom (sa Bihaćem,
Tuzlom, Travnikom i Mostarom). Za grad Goražde se u prvom mo-
New Technologies
In 1996 in Sarajevo the first SPC exchange of the AXE–10 system, with hardware and software that support the ISDN services was
put into operation, and thus enabled joining to the global Internet system through the systems of Italy, Germany, Switzerland and Sweden
whose node was situated in Sarajevo. At the same time, the network of
the former BIHPAK, the internal computer network, was reconstructed
with new, modern NORTEL devices, so the complete ISDN network
was available to the users of such services. This network was based on
digital transmission and computer controlled switching, thus, as well
as terminals composed of such components, provides all advantages of
such technique. The ISDN network had been in the process of development in Europe, and in 1993 it was introduced as a sole network by the
decision of the EU with the participation of 20 countries, with the aim
of defining Euro–ISDN as an unique application of ISDN network,
and unification of the production of telecommunication ISDN equipment on a common European market. Thus, Bosnia and Herzegovina
became a part of this European information system.
The organization of the network with digital exchanges (EWSD
in Tuzla, Mostar, Zenica, Travnik, Bihac and Bugojno) was planned for
the national traffic, and the link was planned to be established with an
optical cable (with Bihac, Tuzla, Travnik and Mostar). For Gorazde,
installation of the VSAT equipment began with 4 channel–multiplex
and satellite modem, traffic was forwarded by the satellite, because this
town did not have any connections with the rest of the world. At the
end of the 1996, the new switching system was installed of the Turkish
company NETAS DRX–4.
Rural areas were not forgotten, nor the demand for the construction of telephony with digital radio–relay, satellite and optical transitional systems and new telephone networks.
Mobile Telephony
in Bosnia and Herzegovina
In the first year after the war, in May of 1996, the Directorate for
Telecommunications started more intensive activities on the implementation of the GSM mobile telephony. The PTT signed the Contract
85
mentu pristupilo montaži VSAT opreme sa 4-kanalnim multipleksom
i satelitskim modemom koji je proslijeđen putem satelita, jer ovo mjesto
nije imalo nikakvu telekomunikacionu vezu sa svijetom. Krajem 1996.
godine je instaliran novi sistem komutacije turske kompanije NETAŠ
DRX-4.
Nisu bila zaboravljena ni ruralna područja i potreba izgradnje telefonije sa digitalnim radiorelejnim, satelitskim i optičkim prenosivim
sistemima i novim telefonskim mrežama.
Mobilna telefonija
u Bosni i Hercegovini
U toj prvoj poslijeratnoj godini, maja 1996, od strane Direkcije
telekomunikacija započele su intenzivnije aktivnosti na uvođenju GSM
mobilne telefonije. JP PTT saobraćaja je sa Ericssonom potpisalo ugovor 9. jula o uvođenju GSM sistema u Bosnu i Hercegovinu, vrijedan
14.517.753 DEM, čime je definiran početni instalirani kapacitet kao i
oprema za testnu fazu: 24 bazne stanice sa 100 primopredajnika, komutacijom za 20.000 pretplatnika, kontroler baznih stanica – kapaciteta
245 baznih stanica, biling sistem – informacioni sistem, centar za nadzor i održavanje mreže. Bio je povezan sa fiksnom telefonskom mrežom
sa 570 vodova. GSM BiH je sa testnim radom počeo istog mjeseca,
a zvanični početak rada je bio 17. decembra 1996. godine, kao i kod
ostalih zemalja u regionu. U funkciji su bile tri GSM bazne stanice u
Sarajevu. NDC mobilne mreže bio je 90, koji je tokom vremena promijenjen na 66, a nakon toga na 61. GSM na 900 MHz sa kombinacijom
celularne mobilne telefonije je bio eksperimentalno primijenjen na federalnim prostorima, a u pitanju je bilo pokrivanje Sarajeva, Mostara,
Zenice i Tuzle. Vodilo se računa o kompatibilnosti sa susjednim i svjetskim mrežama, a IFOR je tražio da se uspostavi kompatibilnost i sa
mobilnom tehikom SAD. Tako je prvi put došlo do uvezivanja evropskog i američkog mobitela, a među izvođačima radova su bile i sljedeće, svjetski poznate firme: Motorola, Mobitel, Ericsson, Alcatel, Siemens,
Rocky… Prvi komercijalni roaming ugovor ostvaren je sa slovenačkim
operatorom Mobitel 1997. godine i taj broj je kasnije narastao na 169
operatora i sedamdesetak zemalja širom svijeta. JP PTT saobraćaja BiH
86
Montaža GSM kontejnera
kod sela Hondići
/ Montage of the GSM
container near Hondici
village
with Ericsson on the Implementation of the GSM System in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, on the 9th of July, worth 14.517.753 DM; the initial installed capacity was defined as well as the equipment for the test phase:
24 base stations with 100 transceivers, switching systems for 20.000
subscribers, base stations controller – capacity 245 base stations, billing
system – information system, center for supervision and maintenance
of network. It was connected with fi xed telephone network with 570
lines. The GSM BIH began with its test activities in the same month,
and the official start of an operation was on the 17th of December 1996,
the same as other countries in the region. In Sarajevo, three GSM base
stations were functional. The NDC (National Destination Code) of the
mobile network was 90 and later on it was changed to 66, and then to
61. The GSM at 900 MHz with the combination of cellular mobile telephony was experimentally applied at the territory of the Federation in
Sarajevo, Mostar, Zenica and Tuzla. A compatibility with the neighboring and other countries was taken care of, and IFOR requested compatibility with the USA mobile technique. This was the first time that the
connection was established between European and American mobile,
and among contractors, following prominent companies participated:
Motorola, Mobitel, Ericsson, Alcatel, Siemens, Rocky … The first commercial roaming agreement was realized with Slovenian operator Mobitel in
87
je oficijelno primljeno u članstvo GSM Mou Asocijacije 25. septembra
1996. godine na zasjedanju u Hong Kongu.
Mobilna celularna radiomreža GSM JP PTT saobraćaja BiH
druge generacije je svojim pretplatnicima, a od kraja 1997. godine i svojim “gostujućim pretplatnicima”, obezbjeđivala uz ekonomske i tehničke
uvjete, iz ugovora o roamingu sa nizom zemlja pružajući sve osnovne
usluge i to prijenos govora, kratkih poruka, podataka, kao i niz dodatnih
usluga kroz porodične, privatne i poslovne pakete usluga. Broj kanala
prema baznim stanicama sukcesivno se povećavao prema broju baznih
stanica, odnosno pretplatnika. Krajem 1997. godine bilo je uključeno
8.310 korisnika.
Za kvalitetno uvođenje GSM mreže bila je potrebna izgradnja
i modernizacija fiksne telefonske mreže i napori JP PTT saobraćaja
BiH išli su u tom pravcu. Uvođenjem GSM standarda kao prve prave
panevropske mobilne telekomunikacione mreže, stvoreni su uvjeti za
međunarodni roaming – slobodno kretanje mobilnih pretplatnika unutar GSM mreža različitih operatora, a i usluga GSM je postala svjetski
standard, tako da su se telekomunikacije Bosne i Hercegovine približavale tim kriterijima.
Poštanski saobraćaj
U lokalnim okvirima, pažnje vrijedno je i ponovno pokretanje
“PTT novina”, informativnog glasila JP PTT saobraćaja BiH, koje su
informirale kako svoje zaposlenike, tako i sve zainteresirane o plano88
1997, and later on roaming agreements were signed with 169 operators
from about 70 countries world wide. The Public Enterprise PTT BIH
officially became a member of the GSM MoU Association on the 25th
of September 1996 during the Session in Hong Kong.
The second generation of the mobile cellular radio network GSM
PTT BIH provided to its subscribers, and since 1997 to its “visiting
subscribers”, in accordance with economic and technical conditions from
the agreements on roaming with various countries, all basic services
including voice transfer, short messages, data as well as a number of additional services through family, private and business service packages.
The number of channels towards base stations was successively increasing following the number of base stations, in other words subscribers.
At the end of 1997, 8.310 subscribers were activated.
For qualitative implementation of the GSM network, a construction and modernization of the fi xed telephone network was required,
and efforts were made in that direction. Introducing the GSM standards as the first proper Pan–European
mobile telecommunication network,
the conditions were met for the international roaming – free movement of
mobile subscribers within networks
of different GSM operators, and the
GSM service became the global standard, thus the telecommunications of
Bosnia and Herzegovina got close to
these criteria.
Postal Traffic
Locally, of considerable interest was the reactivation of the “PTT
Newspapers”, an informative herald of
the PTT BIH, which have provided
information to its employees and to all
those interested in plans, successes and
challenges of the enterprise.
The Managing Board saw the
possibility of expansion of the PTT
89
Prvi mobilni terminal –
Motorola / The first mobile
terminal – Motorola
90
vima, uspjesima i teškoćama na koje Preduzeće
nailazi.
Širenje poslovanja JP PTT saobraćaja BiH
Upravni odbor je vidio i u osnivanju Poštanske
banke, te je odluku o ovom donio 21. decembra
1996. godine, te utvrdio nacrt Statuta, kao i nacrt
Odluke o poslovnoj politici Poštanske banke.
Vrlo važan segment JP PTT saobraćaja
BIH – poštanski saobraćaj imao je također težak proces obnove. Tako su 12. decembra 1996.
godine u Glavni poštanski centar u Sarajevu stigli prvi paketi i pismonosne pošiljke težine veće
od 20 grama. Sva pošta iz svih zemalja svijeta,
članica Svjetskog poštanskog saveza, obavljala se
preko Glavnog poštanskog centra u Nirnbergu
u Njemačkoj. Do tada su se u međunarodnom
poštanskom saobraćaju distribuirala pisma do pet
grama jedanput sedmično, dok su se u unutrašnjem poštanskom saobraćaju pisama prenosila
pisma do 2 kg i paketi do 15 kg, tri puta sedmično. Ipak je krajem 1996. godine većina od
170 poštanskih jedinica JP PTT saobraćaja BiH bilo već adaptirano ili
ponovno sagrađeno, a 1997. godine se ovom broju pridružilo i pedesetak novih. Sve usluge koje su bile dostupne do rata teško su dolazile do
svoje realizacije nakon brojnih destrukcija, ali se u obnovi išlo ustrajno
i sistematično.
Odgovorna za ovu vrstu posla bila je Direkcija PTT saobraćaja
Sarajevo, dio JP PTT saobraćaja BiH. Sljedbenik je Preduzeća PTT
saobraćaja Sarajevo, koje je prije rata činilo gotovo trećinu kapaciteta
i prihoda. Nakon rata u ovom sektoru bio je zaposlen 1.231 radnik,
što je bilo veliko umanjenje u odnosu na 3.000 predratnih zaposlenika.
U 1996. godini Direkcija je obavljala poslove održavanja, izgradnje i
eksploatacije telekomunikacionog i poštanskog saobraćaja na području
sarajevskih općina. Nakon brojnih adaptacija, Direkcija je raspolagala sa
31 izvršnom PTT jedinicom koje su skupa sa Glavnim poštanskim centrom u Sarajevu obavljale unutrašnji i međunarodni poštanski saobraćaj.
Veliki dio uništenih mjesnih mreža je popravljen, a naročito u gradu
Sarajevu. Obnovljen je i dio računarske opreme, instrumenata i alata za
održavanje PTT kapaciteta. Najvažnije je što je poboljšana kadrovska
BIH business activities in the foundation of a Postal Bank, thus on the 21st
of December 1996, it made the decision, and determined the Statute of the
Postal Bank business policy.
A very important segment of
the PTT BIH – the postal traffic
– also had a very difficult process of
reconstruction. Thus, on the 12th of
December 1996, the first packages
and postal items weighing 20g and
more arrived in the Main Post Center
in Sarajevo. All post from all world
countries, members of the UPU, was
transferred through Main Post Center
in Nurnberg in Germany. Until then,
in international postal traffic the letters up to 5g were distributed once
a week, while in local postal traffic letters up to 2 kg and packages up
to 15 kg were distributed three times a week. Until the end of 1996, the
majority of 170 postal units of the PTT BIH were reconstructed and in
1997, to this number 50 new units were added. All services that were
available before the war were realized with difficulties due to numerous destructions, but nevertheless, the reconstruction was persistent and
systematical.
The PTT Directorate Sarajevo, as the part of the Public Enterprise
PTT BIH, was responsible for this part of the work. It was the successor of the Enterprise PTT Sarajevo, which represented one third of the
overall capacity and income before the war. After the war, this sector employed 1.231 employees, which was a great deduction compared to 3000
employees before the war. In 1996, the Directorate was responsible for
the maintenance, construction and operation of telecommunication and
postal traffic at the territory of Sarajevo municipalities. After numerous
renovations, the Directorate had on its disposal 31 PTT executive units,
which together with the Main Post Center in Sarajevo conducted local
and international postal traffic. A great deal of destroyed local networks
was reconstructed, especially in the city of Sarajevo. Some computer
equipment was restored along with instruments and tools for the maintenance of the PTT capacities. The most important fact is that the personnel structure was improved in the Directorate, thus it was possible
Svečanost povodom
puštanja u funkciju
digitalnog RR sistema
Sarajevo–Tuzla i centrale
Tuzla, 1997. god.
/ Ceremony on the
occasion of putting into
operation digital RR system
Sarajevo–Tuzla and the Tuzla
exchange, 1997
91
Glavni poštanski centar
Sarajevo, 1996. / Main
postal center Sarajevo, 1996
stuktura u Direkciji, tako da se moglo prići rješavanju svih zadataka
koji su stajali pred njom. Politika ove direkcije bila je jednaka onoj koja
se vodila u Sektoru telekomunikacija. Mada su sa svojim ponudama
bili prisutni mnogi proizvođači telekomunikacione opreme, nijednom
stranom partneru nije ekskluzivno povjerena obnova i izgradnja PTT
sistema u Sarajevu i šire. Mnogo se polagalo i na obrazovanje vlastitog
kadra, pa su mladi stručnjaci slani na usavršavanje u inostranstvo, a
tematske obuke su se obavljale u vlastitoj režiji.
Razvoj fiksne telefonije
Te 1996. godine kapacitet lokalnih priključaka na ATC bio je 160.156
brojeva, od čega je bilo 3.360 ISDN priključaka. ISDN usluga je, najprije eksperimentalno, bila u funkciji od 1997. godine, a od 1998. godine i komercijalno, kada će biti instaliran kapacitet od 2.416 ISDN
linija sa baznim i 26 linija sa primarnim pristupom na 8 telefonskih
centrala, odnosno 19 lokacija. Veliki je procenat digitalnih ATC i digitalnih spojnih puteva, a kapacitet krajnje telegrafske centrale je 800-tg
priključaka.
Obnovljene su radiorelejne veze glavne centrale Sarajevo sa čvornim centralama na području Federacije. Također su obnovljene i moder92
to realize all tasks and challenges that were
ahead of it. The policy of this Directorate was
identical with the policy of the telecommunication sector. Although many manufacturers of the telecommunication equipment
were present with its tenders, the renovation
and reconstruction of the telecommunication equipment was not exclusively offered
to any foreign partner. Personnel education
was considered very important, so the young
experts were sent abroad to special trainings
and specializations, while thematic trainings
were conducted within the company.
Development
of Fixed Telephony
In 1996, the capacity of local connections at
ATC was 160.156, of which 3.360 ISDN connections. Since 1997, the
ISDN service was, at first experimentally in function and then since
1998, it began to operate commercially when the capacity of 2.416
ISDN connections with the basic access, and 26 connections with primary access, to 8 telephone exchanges were put into operation, which is
totally 19 locations. The percentage of digital ATC and digital connection lines was considerable, and the capacity of local telegraph exchange
was 800 TG connections.
The radio–relay connections of the main exchange Sarajevo were
reconstructed with node exchanges at the territory of the Federation.
Also the links towards Konjic, Mostar, Zenica, Tuzla, Gorazde and
Bihac were restored and modernized. With 6 satellite stations and one
radio–relay link, the international telecommunication traffic was established with 1.205 active channels. The International ATC–EWSD
with 6.240 connections was installed.
All these activities started with the restoration of the TT network,
which in the case of Sarajevo started from the city surroundings where
the network was completely destroyed, and step by step, the restoration progressed to the central part of the city. The most difficult situ93
Potpisivanje ugovora
povodom donacije
telefonske centrale od
20.000 brojeva od strane
Vlade Kraljevine Švedske
/ Signing of the contract on
the occasion of donation of
telephone exchange with
20.000 numbers by the
Goverment of Kingdom of
Sweden
nizirane veze prema Konjicu, Mostaru, Zenici, Tuzli, Goraždu i Bihaću.
Sa 6 satelitskih stanica i jednom radiorelejnom vezom uspostavljen je
međunarodni telekomunikacioni saobraćaj sa 1.205 aktivnih kanala.
Montirana je i međunarodna ATC-EWSD sa 6.240 priključaka.
A sve ovo je počelo sistematskom sanacijom TT mreže, koja je
npr. u slučaju Sarajeva krenula od rubnih dijelova grada, gdje je mreža u
potpunosti bila uništena, i postepeno se sanacijom išlo ka središnjem dijelu grada. Posebno je teška situacija bila na reintegriranim područjima
gdje je mreža bila oštećena, uništena ili ju je potpuno trebalo nadomjestiti. Nestručan i provizoran rad tokom rata je i u samom gradu prozrokovao mnoga oštećenja, što je također trebalo sanirati. U rekonstrukciji
su učestvovali, pored PTT Inženjeringa i mnoge druge domaće firme.
Izuzetnu pomoć prije početka radova pružala je ekipa za razminiravanje
pri Civilnoj zaštiti Sarajevo, bez čijeg udjela uopšte ne bi bilo moguće
završiti posao sanacije TT mreže grada Sarajeva do kraja 1997. godine,
kako je to bilo urađeno.
Naredne godine, 5. septembra 1997, Siemens i Energoinvest dd.
Komunikacije potpisali su sa JP PTT saobraćaja BiH ugovore o izgradnji
telefonskih centrala EWSD u Bihaću, Zenici i Kaknju. Riječ je o kombiniranim tranzitnolokalnim centralama u digitalnoj tehnologiji, čiji su
početni kapaciteti za Bihać bili 14.028, Zenicu 6.600 i Kakanj 6.400
telefonskih priključaka. Krajnji kapacitet centrala je tada bio: za Bihać
– 30.500, Zenicu – 22.600 i Kakanj – 17.100 telefonskih priključaka.
94
Gosti na svečanosti
otvaranja centrale, među
kojima je i g. Erik Pierre,
švedski ambasador u
BiH / Among guests at
the ceremony of putting
into operation of the
exchange was the Swedish
Ambassador H.E. Erik Pierre
ation was within reintegrated areas, where the network was damaged
or destroyed or where total compensation was required. Unprofessional
and provisional work during the war caused much impairment in the
city that should be repaired. Besides the PTT Engineering many other
domestic companies participated in the reconstruction. The mine clearance team of the Civil Protection Sarajevo provided the considerable
help before the start of the works. Without their help it would not be
possible to complete the reconstruction task of Sarajevo TT networks
until the end of 1997.
The next year, on the 5th
of September 1997, Siemens and
Energoinvest dd. Communications
signed with the Public Enterprise
PTT BIH Contracts on the
Construction
of
Telephone
Exchanges EWSD in Bihac,
Zenica and Kakanj. It was about
combined transit–local exchanges
with digital technology, which
initial capacities for Bihac were
14.028, Zenica 6.600 and Kakanj
6.400 of telephone connections.
The overall capacity at that time
95
Obnova telekomunikacione infrastrukture, kao osnovne ekonomske infrastrukture i kao most između različitih entitetskih skupina u BiH,
od strane međunarodne zajednice prepoznata je kao ključni element u
stabilizaciji i zaživljavanju mirovnog sporazuma iz Daytona. Inicijalni
uvid u potrebe i stanje na terenu, bazirano na prijedlogu lokacija datih
od strane JP PTT saobraćaja BiH, izvršila je, u ime EU, specijalizirana
kompanija Eurostrategies, sa sjedištem u Briselu. Njezin posao je bio da
se ispitaju mogućnosti ponovnog uspostavljanja spojnih puteva između
eniteta, kao i obnova lokalnih pristupnih mreža. Evropska komisija se
složila da obezbijedi finansijska sredstva, kao i tehničku pomoć u rekonstrukciji telekomunikacija u BiH, a u okviru programa pomoći za
ključne poslove (EAP) iz 1996. i 1997. godine. Među prvim poslovima
je bila realizacija projekata EU 1 i EU 2. Riječ je o sredstvima doniranim od strane Evropske zajednice, za EU 1 u iznosu od 5 mil. DEM i
8 mil. DEM za EU 2. Oba projekta su bila u funkciji rekonstrukcije i
izgradnje pristupnih mreža, sa glavnim ciljem da se mreže grade na lokalitetima gdje se očekuje povratak prijeratnog stanovništva. Kao rezultat ovog programa iz 1996. godine, u Federaciji BiH, kao posljednji dio,
trebalo je izgraditi lokalne pristupne mreže u maksimalnoj vrijednosti
od 5 miliona DEM. Odlukom Upravnog odbora JP PTT saobraćaja
BiH kompletna donacija je plasirana u Direkciju Bihać, kao direkciju
sa najnerazvijenijom telefonskom infrastrukturom. Tender je obuhvatao isporuku opreme i izgradnju pristupnih mreža u regiji Bihać (Ripač, Pokoj,
Vedro Polje) i Ključ (Sanica, Velečevo,
Velagići, Krasulje), a dobila ga je kompanija Ericsson. Cjelokupan posao bio je
realiziran u proljeće 1999.godine.
Ista firma Eurostrategies je početkom septembra 1999. godine objavila
tender kojim je bila obuhvaćena isporuka
materijala i izgradnja 22 lokalne pristupne mreže na području Direkcije Bihać
(Bužim, Vrhpolje, Gornji Kamengrad,
Mala Kladuša, Podzvizd), Direkcije
Jajce - Travnik (Prusac, Oborci, Turbe),
Direkcije Mostar (Vrapčići, Polje, Bijela,
Čelebići), Direkcije Sarajevo (Pazarić,
Tarčin), Direkcije Tuzla (Banovići,
96
was: for Bihac 30.500, Zenica 22.600
and Kakanj 17.100 of telephone
connections.
The reconstruction of the telecommunication infrastructure as the
basic economic infrastructure, and as a
bridge between different entity groups
in BIH, was recognized as the key element in the stabilization and effectiveness of the Dayton Peace Agreement.
The initial overview of the overall condition and requirements at the terrain
was based at the locations suggested by
the PTT BIH, and it was conducted
on behalf of the EU, by the specialized company Eurostrategies with its headquarters in Bruxelles. Its task
was to explore the possibilities of reestablishing of connection routes
between the entities, as well as the reconstruction of the local access
networks. The European Commission agreed to provide financial resources, as well as technical support for the telecommunication reconstruction in BIH, within the program of assistance for key activities
(EAP – Environmental Action Program) from 1996 and 1997. Among
the first tasks was the realization of the EU 1 and EU 2 Projects. The
European Commission donated the resources for the Project EU 1 in
the amount of 5 million DM, and 8 million DM for EU 2. Both Projects
were for the restoration and construction of access networks, with the
aim to construct networks at localities where the return of population
was most expected. As the result of this program from 1996, it was necessary to construct local access networks in the Federation of BIH with
the maximum value of 5 million DM. By the decision of the Managing
Board of the PTT BIH, the complete donation was forwarded to the
Directorate of Bihac, as the Directorate with the most underdeveloped
telephone infrastructure. A tender for equipment delivery and construction of access networks in Bihac region (Ripac, Pokoj, Vedro Polje) and
Kljuc (Sanica, Velecevo, Velagici, Krasulje), was assigned to Ericsson.
The overall work was realized during the spring of 1999.
At the beginning of September, the same company Eurostrategies
announced tender for the equipment delivery and construction of 22
local access networks at the locality of the Directorate of Bihac (Buzim,
Centar telekomunikacija
Bihać / Telecommunication
Center Bihać
97
Puštanje u rad donacije
švicarske donacije
centrale Alcatel / Putting
into operation donated Swiss
Alcatel exchange
Brka, Kalesija, Slavinovići) i
Direkcije Zenica (Solun, Careva
Ćuprija, Čuništa, Matuzići, Šije).
Ericcson je preuzeo obavezu da
napravi projektnu dokumentaciju
na osnovu uvida na terenu, isporuči opremu, izvede građevinske
i instalacione radove koristeći
lokalnu radnu snagu uglavnom
iz privatnog sektora. Obaveza
JP PTT saobraćaja BiH je bila
da obezbijedi komutacije u navedenim mjestima i spojne puteve između HOST-a i isturenih
stupnjeva.
U cjelokupnoj organizaciji posla velike zasluge išle su u prilog PIU
(Project Impelemntation Unit – odjeljenju za implementaciju projekta) u
okviru Generalne direkcije JP PTT saobraćaja BiH i Sektoru investicija
JP PTT saobraćaja BiH.
BIHPAK – javna mreža
za prijenos podataka
Jedan od projekata koji je pokrenut 1996. godine, a realiziran naredne, u
okviru JP PTT saobraćaja BiH je bio BIHPAK, ustvari paketska mreža
DPN–100 kanadske kompanije NORTEL, a tom prilikom distributer
opreme je bila turska kompanija NETAS - Joint Venture Nortel Canada.
BIHPAK se sastojao od tri koncentratora (Tuzla, Zenica i Mostar),
sa čvorom i mrežno-upravljačkim centrom u Sarajevu (NMS). U početnoj fazi su omogućavali konekciju sa svim osnovnim servisima koje
su mreže tog tipa i vremena pružale: X.25, X.28, SNA/SDLC i novi
Frame Relay servis. Veze između čvora i koncentratora su bile digitalne
(SDH). BIHPAK paketska mreža je omogućio svojim korisnicima izlaz
u svijet preko gateway-a sa njemačkom mrežom Datex-P i slovenačkom
mrežom SIPAX. Isto tako, i pristup na Internet mrežu, kao i povezivanje različitim host-kompjuterima, terminalima, LAN-ovima i personalnim kompjuterima (PC). Ovaj NORTEL-ov servis je bio u skladu
98
Vrhpolje, Gornji Kamengrad, Mala Kladusa, Podzvizd), Directorate Jajce
– Travnik (Prusac, Oborci, Turbe), Directorate Mostar (Vrapcici, Polje,
Bijela, Celebici), Directorate Sarajevo (Pazaric, Tarcin), Directorate
Tuzla (Banovici, Brka, Kalesija, Slavinovici) and Directorate Zenica
(Solun, Careva Cuprija, Cunista, Matuzici, Sije). Ericsson took over the
obligation to create project documentation based on terrain insight, to
deliver the equipment, conduct construction and installation work using
local personnel mostly from the private sector. The PTT BIH had the
obligation to provide switching systems for the above mentioned places
and connection lines between HOSTs and remote units.
In regard to entire organization, a great importance should be
attributed to the PIU (Project Implementation Unit), being within
The General Directorate of the Public Enterprise PTT BIH and the
Investment Sector of the PTT BIH.
BIHPAK – The Public Network
for Data Transmission
Among other projects that were initiated in 1996 and realized in 1997
within the PTT BIH, was the BIHPAK Project – the packet network
DPN–100 of Canadian Company NORTEL, while the distributor of
equipment was the Turkish company NETAS – Joint Venture Nortel
Canada.
BIHPAK comprised of three concentrators (Tuzla, Zenica and
Mostar), with a nod and Network Management Center in Sarajevo
(NMS). During the initial phase, they provided connection with all basic services of that time: X.25, X.28, SNA/SDLC and new Frame Relay
Service. The connections between a node and a concentrator were digital (SDH). The BIHPAK packet network provided to its customers an
exit to the world through gateway with German network Datex–P and
Slovenian network SIPAX. Also, access to Internet network as well as
connection with various host–computers, terminals, LANs and PCs were
provided. The NORTEL Service was compliant with CCITT recommendations and it provided the connection of the BIHPAK network with
other public network for packet–switched data networks. The BIHPAK
network provided numerous possibilities to its users, and some of them
are characteristic for specific services. These are some of them:
99
sa CCITT preporukama i omogućio je povezivanje BIHPAK mreže sa
drugim javnim mrežama za prijenos podataka sa komutacijom paketa.
BIHPAK mreža je pružila brojne mogućnosti korisnicima, pri čemu su
pojedine od njih karakteristične samo uz neke od servisa. Ovo su samo
neke od njih:
– komutirane virtuelne veze (SVC),
– permanentne virtuelne veze (PVC),
– PAD komande na više jezika,
– direktni pozivi,
– skraćeno biranje,
– hunt-grupe,
– zabrana poziva,
– izbor veličine paketa,
– dogovaranje parametara poziva,
– preusmjeravanje poziva.
S obzirom na kvalitet koji ovaj tip mreže nudi, pojedine vlade u
Evropi, Sjevernoj Americi i Australiji koriste DPN-100 za povezivanje
svojih geografski udaljenih organizacija u jednu mrežu i na taj način brže
i efikasnije obavljaju svoje poslove, sa manje grešaka i sa nižom cijenom.
Davaoci javnih usluga koriste DPN mreže za pružanje visokovrijednih
usluga svojim korisnicima širom svijeta. S obzirom da ovaj tip mreže
stvara široku korisničku, prije svega poslovnu populaciju sa pristupom
mnogim aplikacijama koje uključuju elektronsku poštu, videotext, pristup bazama podataka itd, i korisnicima iz Bosne i Hercegovine bile su
također ponuđene ove usluge i posredstvom JP PTT saobraćaja BiH su
postali dio tog zahtjevnog svijeta.
JP PTT saobraćaja BiH još jednom pravi tehnološki napor i krajem
1997. godine pušta prvi profesionalni Internet čvor u BiH, odnosno uspostavlja BIHNET mrežu za pristup komercijalnih korisnika Internetu
sa šire regije. Ona je startala kao pilot projekt i imala pretenziju početaka profesionalnog i komercijalnog pružanja osnovnih Internet servisa
(konekcija, WWW, mail, FTP, itd.) malim korisnicima (dial-up) i velikim korisnicima (leased line), na teritoriji koju svojom infrastrukturnom
TF mrežom pokriva JP PTT saobraćaja BIH.
100
– switched virtual circuits (SVC),
– permanent virtual circuits (PVC)
– PAD multiple language commands,
– direct calls,
– short dialing,
– hunt–groups,
– call ban,
– choice of packet size,
– agreement on call parameters,
– diverting calls.
With regard to the quality that this network type provides, certain governments in Europe, Northern America and Australia use the
DPN–100 for establishing connections between geographically distant
organizations into a single network and thus, conduct their work more
quickly and efficiently and with less mistakes and at a reduced price.
Public service providers use the DPN networks for providing sophisticated services to its users worldwide. This type of network have created
a wide scope of business population of users with the access to many applications which includes E–mail, Videotext, access to data bases, etc.,
and Bosnian–Herzegovinian users have also been provided with these
services and by means of the PTT BIH they have became a part of that
demanding world.
Montaža opreme za EWSD
/ Montage of the EWSD
101
BIHNET
Čvor BIHNET-a se sastojao od DNS servera, primarnog i sekundarnog,
menagement-account and billing servera, servera za osnovne servise: mail,
WWW, FTP, access servera za pristup malih korisnika, access servera
za pristup velikih korisnika i backbone servera za pristup Internet mreži
preko provajdera UUNET – USA. Od početnih skromnijih karakteristika, vremenom se mreža stalno obogaćivala i usavršavala.
U Sarajevu je formiran i prvi POP, čime se kao prvim komercijalnim ISP stupilo na tržište pružanja usluga pristupa Internetu. Od
tada pa sve do danas ostao je BIHNET najveći davalac Internet usluga na području koje će kasnije svojom infrastrukturom pokrivati BH
TELECOM i pored činjenice da će se pojaviti i 60-ak licenciranih ISPa. Prvi mjesec komercijalnog poslovanja BIHNET je doživio januara
1998. godine
Pristup za male korisnike je obavljan putem broja 0992800, koji
se na cijeloj teritoriji tarifirao kao lokalni poziv, a fizički preko tri TF
komutacije sarajevske mreže.
U samom početku se BIHNET udružuje sa BIHPAK-om.
Omogućava se određenom tipu korisnika BIHPAK-a da izlaze u Internet
mrežu (Frame Relay tip korisnik). Jednostavno se koristila prostornost
BIHPAK-a da bude kičma za velike korisnike BIHNET-a. Ova ve-
Svečanost puštanja u rad
BiHNet-a / Ceremony of
BiHNet’s starting operation
102
The PTT BIH once more put technological efforts and at the
end of 1997, the first professional Internet node was put into operation
in BIH, in other words, the BIHNET network was established for the
commercial user access to Internet. This network started operation as
a pilot project and it signified the first steps of professional and commercial providing of basic Internet services (connections, WWW, mail,
FTP, etc.) to dial–up users and leased–line users, on the territory covered by the PTT BIH’s infrastructural TF network .
Puštanje Interneta u rad
/ Getting Internet operational
BIHNET
The BIHNET’s node was comprised of the DNS server, primary and
secondary management–account and billing server, and basic service
server: mail, WWW, FTP, access server for dial–up users, access server
for leased line users and backbone server for access to internet network
provided by UUNET–USA. In the beginning, the network had modest
characteristics, but in time it became more professional with high quality services.
103
zanost se nastavila u projektu
proširenja kapaciteta i usluga
ove dvije mreže. BIHPAK-u
je podignut kapacitet linkova
na 34 Mbps ATM. Čvorišta su
dopunjena ATM switch-evima
na kojima je pokrenut ATM
trunk i FR servis za velike brzine do 2 Mbps. Jednostavno
rečeno, napravljena je jedna
nova “komutaciona ravan” sa
ATM switch-evima i ATM
trunkovima među njima, koja
je backbone mreža i za DPN
čvorove BIHPAK-a i za Cisco
čvorove (rutere) BIHNET-a. S
obzirom da je došlo do intenzivnog približavanja telefonije i računarske tehnologije radi zahtjeva za potpuno novim pristupom rješavanjima
multimedijalnih i multiprotokolarnih telekomunikacijskih mreža, kao
i do naglog širenja Interneta – ATM tehnologija komutacije paketa na
visokim briznama se pokazala moćnom da realizira spektar novih telekomunikacionih usluga.
Da bi se omogućio ravnopravan pristup servisima koji su pružale
mreže BIHPAK-a i BIHNET-a korisnicima sa teritorije koju je svojim
TK sistemom pokrivalo JP PTT saobraćaja BiH, ali i onim izvan domašaja čvorišta i koncentratora, iskoristilo se postojanje flex-mux opreme. U svim TK-centrima JP PTT saobraćaja BiH instalirana je Slave
flex-mux oprema priključena na pripadajuće Master flex-mux komutacione čvorove u kantonalnim središtima. Masteri su vezani na BIHPAK
čvorišta, a i redundantnim linkovima su vezani kroz SDH sistem na
master u Sarajevu. Time je flex-mux dobio određenu nezavisnost u prijenosu za neki poseban tip korisnika iznajmljenih kanala. BIHPAK-u i
BIHNET-u je ovim omogućeno da se u svim većim općinskim središtima mogu dati servisi ova dva sistema.
Sjedinjenje ova dva sistema je bio bitan preduvjet efikasnijeg
održavanja, nadzora i upravljanja cjelokupnim TK sistemom, ali i
preduslov ujedinjavanju i ostalih tehnoloških cjelina TK sistema JP
PTT saobraćaja BIH.
104
In Sarajevo the first POP (point of presence) was formed, with
which the PTT BIH as the first commercial ISP (Internet Service
Provider) entered the market of providing services for Internet access.
Since then, the BIHNET remained the biggest internet service provider
at the territory, which later on with its infrastructure would be covered
by the BH TELECOM, despite of the fact that 60 licensed ISPs appeared. January 1998 was the first month of the BIHNET’s commercial
business. The access for dial–up users had been established through the
number 0992800, which at the entire region had been billed as a local
call, and physically conducted by three TF Sarajevo switching networks.
At the very beginning, the BIHNET cooperated with the BIHPAK.
The certain type of BIHPAK’s users was provided with opportunity to
access the Internet network (user type – Frame Relay). The BIHPAK’s
space was simply used as the back bone for the BIHNET leased line users. This cooperation continued within the capacity and service extension
project for these two networks. The link capacity of the BIHPAK was
extended to 34 Mbps ATM. The nodes were supplemented with ATM
switches on which the ATM trunk and the FR service for high speeds to
2Mbps were set in motion. To put it simply, the new ‘’switching plane’’
with ATM switches and ATM trunk between them was made, which
served as a back bone network for the BIHPAK’s DPN nodes and the
BIHNET’s Cisco nodes (routers). With regard to intensive interaction
of telephony and computer technology due to demands for completely
new approach for multimedia and multiprotocol telecommunication
networks, and due to rapid internet spreading – ATM packet switch
technology at high speeds proved capable of realising a wide range of new
telecommunication services.
In order to enable fair service
access, provided by BIHPAK and
BIHNET’s network to users from the
territory covered by the PTT BIH’s
TK system but also to those out of
range of nods and concentrators, the
existence of flex–mux equipment was
utilized. In all PTT BIH’s TK centers the Slave flex–mux equipment,
which was connected to supporting master flex–mux switching nods
105
Firma u konstantnom usponu
Montaža EWSD-a
/ Montage of the EWSD
106
Napori koje je JP PTT saobraćaja BiH ulagalo tokom prve dvije poslijeratne godine dali su svoje rezultate. Želja da se pruži kompletan
asortiman komunikacijskih usluga prema zahtjevima korisnika vođena
je ambicioznim ciljem: “Biti vodeći pružalac PTT usluga na Balkanu”.
Uspješno poslovanje u ovoj godini predstavljao je korak bliže ovom cilju
što se može iskazati i ciframa. U 1998. godini, naprimjer, ostvaren je
prihod od oko 310 miliona KM, što je bilo za 29 % više nego u 1997.
godini, što je bio rezultat porasta obima pružanja usluga korisnicima.
Broj instaliranih priključaka u fiksnoj telefoniji porastao je za
novih 50.000 priključaka u odnosu na broj u 1997. godini, odnosno
uvećan je za 13 %, dok je broj uključenih telefonskih priključaka porastao za 31.500. Vrijeme trajanja smetnji smanjeno je za 38 % u odnosu na prethodnu, 1997. godinu. Tome je sigurno doprinijela i potpuna
digitalizacija komunikacija u svih sedam kantona koje je JP PTT saobraćaja BiH obuhvatalo. (Postojalo je i sedam regionalnih direkcija,
organiziranih po kantonima – Direkcija Sarajevo, Direkcija Mostar,
installed in cantonal centers. Masters
were connected to BIHPAK’s nodes
and by redundant links through the
SDH system they were also linked to
a master in Sarajevo. Thus the flex–mux
autonomy in transmission for certain
leased line user types and the BIHPAK
and BIHNET were enabled to provide
services in all larger municapallities.
The cooperation of these two systems
was an important precondition of efficient maintenance, supervision, and
operation of the overall TK system,
but also a precondition for the successful cooperation of other technological
units of the PTT BIH’s TK systems.
The Enterprise
Constantly
on the Rise
The efforts which the PTT BIH made
during the first two years after the war
showed results. Desire to provide a
complete assortment of communication
services in accordance with users’ demands, was led by an ambitious objective: ‘’to become a leading PTT service
provider at the Balkans’’. The successful
operation during this year represented a
step closer to this objective, which could
be expressed in numbers. For example,
in 1998, the income was 310 million
KM, 29% more than in 1997, which
resulted from the increased volume of
services provided to the customers.
107
Direkcija Tuzla, Direkcija Zenica, Direkcija Jajce
– Travnik, Direkcija Goražde i Direkcija Bihać).
U toj godini broj telefona na 100 stanovnika
iznosio je 18,3.
Ukupan broj instaliranih lokalnih priključaka je iznosio 408.302, a uključenih 315.000
pretplatnika.
Sarajevo i Banja Luka povezani su 1998.
godine sa 120 kanala u jednom, i 120 kanala u
drugom smjeru.
Broj međumjesnih priključaka iznosio je
41.063, što je bilo sasvim dovoljno za kvalitet međumjesnog prometa.
Međunarodni saobraćaj odvijao se preko
2.700 vodova, a postojali su i direktni tokovi sa
22 zemlje u Evropi, čime je funkcioniranje u telefonskom saobraćaju
dobilo na kvalitetu.
U mobilnoj telefoniji je 1998. godine instalirano 30.000 novih
brojeva, što je bilo povećanje ukupnog kapaciteta za 150 %, dok je broj
uključenih mobilnih priključaka porastao za 18.000 u odnosu na prethodnu godinu. Instalirano je 15 novih baznih stanica, čime je pokrivenost područja mrežom baznih stanica mobilne telefonije značajno
povećana. Pokrivenost teritorije je iznosila 40 %, a populacije 57 %.
Povećanje broja korisnika mobilne telefonije za 206 % bio je zaista veliki
uspjeh, baziran na povećanju različitih paketa usluga.
Iste, 1998. godine broj korisnika Internet mreže povećan je za
5.000, što predstavlja 1100 % više nego 1997. godine. Mreža je imala
mogućnost 100.000 adresa i 32 direktna priključka, a tada je bilo priključeno 3.200 korisnika.
Napredak je bio vidljiv i u komutaciji, transmisiji i pristupnim
mrežama.
Bio je urađen veliki posao na rekonstrukciji unutrašnjih kapaciteta
i izgradnji novih. Implementiran je čitav niz sasvim novih usluga.
Montirano je više satelitskih sistema, MC, više TC i LC sa ISDN
funkcionalnošću, veliki broj RR sistema sa SDH tehnologijom, jedan
broj fiber-optičkih sistema sa odgovarajućim linijskim i multipleksnim
sistemima, a realizirana je i regionalna prstenasta mreža-STM-16 u
Sarajevu.
108
The number of installed connections
in fi xed telephony was increased for 50 thousand connections more than in 1997, totally
13%, while the number of activated telephone
subscribers was increased for 31.500. The disturbance time period was decreased for 38%
compared to 1997. The overall digitalization of
communications in all seven cantons covered
by the PTT BIH contributed to this decrease.
(Seven regional directorates operated in cantons – the Directorate Sarajevo, Directorate
Mostar, Directorate Tuzla, Directorate Zenica,
Directorate Jajce – Travnik, Directorate
Gorazde, and Directorate Bihac).
In that year, the number of telephones
per 100 citizens was 18,3. The overall number
of installed local connections was 408,302,
and 315 000 activated subscribers. In 1998,
Sarajevo and Banja Luka were connected with
120 chanels in one direction, and 120 in the
other.
The number of long distance connections was 41.063 which was sufficient for the
good quality of the long distance traffic.
The international traffic was conducted
through 2.700 lines, and also there were direct
routes with 22 countries in Europe, by means
of which the telephone traffic gained quality.
In 1998, in domain of mobile telephony 30.000
new numbers were installed, the overall capacity was increased for 150 % while the number of activated mobile
subscribers was increased for 18 000, when compared to the previous
year. 15 new base stations were installed, which significantly increased
the area coverage of mobile telephony base station network. The area
coverage was 40% and population coverage was 57%. The increase in
number of mobile telephony users for 206% was a huge success, based
on increase of different service packets.
In 1998, the number of the Internet network users was increased
for 5.000 which represents 1.100% more than in 1997. The network had
Sanacija koaksijalnog
central kabla
/ Sanation of Central Coax
cable
109
Poštanski sobraćaj
Pošta u Ferhadiji,
Sarajevo / Post office in
Ferhadija street, Sarajevo
110
Usluge u poštanskom saobraćaju porasle su u 1998. godini u odnosu na 1997. za 89 % u
prijenosu pošiljaka, 97 % u paketskim uslugama i 13 % u uslugama
novčanog poslovanja. Nivo usluga
je u prijenosu pošiljaka dostigao
nivo evropskih standarda. U unutrašnjem saobraćaju je organiziran
svakodnevni prijevoz. U međunarodnom saobraćaju je uveden
potpuni avionski prijevoz tako
da je postignut kvalitet prijenosa
D+3 za evropske zemlje i D+5 za prekookeanske. Dirketna razmjena
pošiljaka zračnim putem se obavljala sa poštanskim upravama Austrije,
Australije, SAD, Danske, Engleske, Francuske, Italije, Kanade,
Holandije, Njemačke, Slovenije, Hrvatske, Švajcarske i Švedske.
U 1998. godini uvedena je i razmjena pošiljaka između entiteta
u Bosni i Hercegovini, bazirana na Sporazumu o razmjeni pošte, potpisanom u aprilu, i to tri puta sedmično. Na taj način je pošti drugog
entiteta otpremljeno milion poštanskih pošiljaka.
Krajem 1998. godine, u skladu sa izabranim ciljevima proširivanja asortimana usluga i porasta kvaliteta, uvedena je usluga brze pošte
– EMS. Sa nižom cijenom i garantiranim rokovima isporuke uspjeli su
se zadovoljiti strogi standardi visokozahtjevnih korisnika.
Broj instaliranih javnih telefonskih govornica je na kraju 1998.
godine bio 576, što je predstavljalo povećanje za oko 118 % u odnosu
na prethodnu godinu, kada su instalirane 264 govornice. Nastojalo se
da zastupljenost instaliranih javnih govornica bude ravnomjerna po regionalnim direkcijama, u zavisnosti od broja stanovnika. Kvalitet ove
usluge se povećao i kroz veću dostupnost i lahkoću nabavljanja kartice.
Tokom 1998. godine u vlastitim pogonima PTT Inžinjeringa počele su se proizvoditi haube za telefonske govornice.
Pušteni su u probni rad pilot-projekti za šaltersko poslovanje u
Zenici i Sarajevu.
the possibility of 100.000 addresses and 32 direct connections, and at
that time 3.200 users were connected. Progress was evident in switching, transmission, and access networks.
A demanding task was conducted on the reconstruction of internal capacities and the construction of the new ones. A whole range of
new services was implemented.
A number of satellite systems, MC, more TC and LC with the
ISDN functionality, a great number of RR systems with the SDH
technology, a number of optic–fiber systems with corresponding line
and multiplex systems were assembled and the regional ring network
STM–16 was realized in Sarajevo.
Postal Traffic
In 1998, the postal traffic services increased for 89% for transfer of
parcels, 97% for package services and 13% for money transactions. The
services for postal item transfer reached the level of European standards.
The regular every day transfer was organized within the national traffic.
Within the international traffic, regular air mail transfer was organized
and the quality of transmission D+3 for European countries and D+5
for transatlantic countries was achieved. The direct exchange of postal items by air was conducted with postal administrations of Austria,
Australia, the USA, Denmark, Great Britain, France, Italy, Canada, the
Netherlands, Germany, Slovenia, Croatia, Switzerland and Sweden.
In 1998, the exchange of postal
items, three times a week, between
entities was introduced in Bosnia
and Herzegovina, based on the
Agreement on the Exchange of Postal
Items, signed in April. Thus, million
of postal items was transferred to the
post in the other entity.
By the end of 1998, in accordance with selected objectives of
service assortment extension and quality strengthening, the Express Mail
Service EMS was introduced. With
Pošta Ilidža
/ Post office at Ilidža
111
Digitalizacija
prenosa i komutacija
Komutacija u Banovićima
/ Switching system in
Banovići
112
Stepen digitalizacije i komutacije je
bio 68%, u transmisiji 76%. Na magistralnoj ravni svi sistemi su bili u
SDH tehnologiji. Odnos SDH/PDH
je 70/30, a odnos radiorelejnih sistema i optike – 90/10. Usluge telefonije
(POTS) su se povećavale, a u blagom
porastu su bile ISDN usluge, dok su
se visokovrijedne usluge realizirale na
iznajmljenim linijama i na Internetu.
U komutaciji su dominirale elektromehaničke i SPC centrale, a
uvodile su se i digitalne.
Dakle, tadašnju mrežu telekomunikacija karakterizirala je PSTN
i kombinirana PSTN/ISDN tehnologija sa POTS i N-ISDN uslugama, izgrađena u dubokoj hijerarhiji.
Od strane JP PTT saobraćaja BiH i firme Ericsson, 1998. godine
je pokrenuta inicijativa za formiranje Fondacije za hendikepirane osobe.
Umjesto u zajedničku promotivnu aktivnost, sredstva su usmjerena u
ovu fondaciju, koja je realizirana januara 2001. godine.
Dakle, nakon dvije godine intenzivnog rada moglo se reći da se
dosta toga realiziralo: instaliranje satelitskih sistema koji su povezivali Bosnu i Hercegovinu sa šest
zemalja i radiorelejne veze sa dvije zemlje; uvela
se mobilna telefonija u svim glavnim centrima u
Bosni i Hercegovini i instalirao se Internet; realizirao se prijenosni sistem po optičkom kablu i RR
u SDH tehnologiji, odnosno sinhronoj digitalnoj
hijerarhiji; mreža za prijenos podataka, kao i ostali projekti iz poštanskog i telekomunikacionog saobraćaja bili su u velikoj mjeri ne samo obnovljeni
nego u visokom stepenu i modernizirani.
Osnovna odrednica ponašanja u JP PTT
saobraćaja BiH je orijentacija ka korisniku i zadovoljenje po osnovu asortimana, kvaliteta i cijena
reduced price and guaranteed delivery terms, the users’ high demands were
successfully met.
By the end of 1998, the number of installed public telephone
booths (payphones) was 576, which represented the increase for 118%
compared to 1997, when 264 payphones were installed. Efforts were
made to equally distribute public payphones within regional directorates, dependant on the number of citizens. The quality of this service
increased during the time, and telephone cards became more available.
During 1998, the PTT BIH started with the production of its
own telephone bonnets.
Pilot projects for counter operation were introduced in Zenica and
Sarajevo.
Transmission and Switching
Digitalization
The extent of switching digitalization was 68 percent, whereas in the
transmission it was 76%. Within the transit plane all the systems were
in SDH technology. The relation between the SDH and PDH was 70 /
30, whereas the relation between radio–relay systems and
optics was 90 / 10. Telephony services (POTS) were increasing, and the ISDN services were in temperate growth,
while the sophisticated services were realized on leased
lines and Internet.
Within switching systems the electro–mechanical and SPC exchanges dominated, and digital ones were
introduced.
Therefore, the telecommunication network was
characterized by the PSTN and combined PSTN/ISDN
technology with POTS and N–ISDN services, which was
hierarchically constructed.
In 1998, the initiative was put forward by the PTT
BIH and Ericsson, for establishing the Foundation for
Disabled People. Instead of using resources for the joint promotion activities, they were invested in this Foundation,
which was realized in January of 2001.
Lokalitet Bistričak,
Nemila, Direkcija Zenica,
1999. / Locality Bistričak,
Nemila, Directorate Zenica,
1999.
113
usluga. To je bio proces koji je postajao politika firme koja je željela da
uspije i svesrdno se za to zalagala.
U cilju realizacije svih svojih razvojnih projekata trudila se da
poveća broj stručnih kadrova, pa se prišlo i stipendiranju studenata.
Očigledno je bilo da snaga Preduzeća u budućnosti treba da leži na
mladom i obrazovanom kadru.
Godine 1998. JP PTT saobraćaja BiH se u tom smislu oslonila na
svoja sredstva i realizirala dva projekta u vlastitoj režiji. Pušten je u rad
sarajevski optički prsten i radiorelejni sistem Sarajevo-Zenica-Tuzla.
Fiber optika i SDH tehnologija
Kompresorsko upuhivanje
optičkih vlakana
/ Compressed blowing of
fiber optics
114
Fiber optički prsten, pušten u rad 5. septembra 1998, značio je za Bosnu
i Hercegovinu i zvanično uključenje u jedinstveni svjetski sistem telekomunikacija po najvišim svjetskim standardima. To je bio prsten namijenjen pouzdanom povezivanju telefonskih centrala u PTT objektima
(brzine prijenosa 2,5 Gb/sec) na nivou grada, i služio je za kvalitetan
prijenos informacija (radilo se o sistemu izvedenom u digitalnoj SDH
tehnologiji, koja je omogućavala najviši kvalitet u prijenosu slike, zvuka
i podataka), a njegova pouzdanost se ogledala u dvostrano povezanim
telekomunikacijskim centrima, tako da eventualni kvar ili prekid tačaka u prstenu nije ugrožavao komunikacije između telefonskih centrala.
Njegovi raspoloživi kapaciteti bili su sposobni da prihvate sva buduća
opterećenja za dugi niz godina, jer će ovaj sistem omogućiti uključenje u
budući “telecom prsten” uspostavom
kablovskog fiber-optičkog sistema do
Mostara, Zenice i Tuzle. Povezivanje
modernih telefonskih centrala optičkim kablom je povećalo brzinu prijenosa na 622 Mb/sec.
Oprema je bila kupljena od
najpoznatijih svjetskih proizvođača
(Marconi – Italija, Nera – Norveška,
3M i ADC – SAD, Gebauer – Austrija,
Askon – Švajcarska, i Energoinvest
– BiH).
Početkom 1998. godine je u
Mostaru, čija je telekomunikaciona
Therefore, after two years
or hard work, it could be said that
many projects and tasks were realized: establishment of satellite systems which connected Bosnia and
Herzegovina with six countries, and
radio–relay links with two countries;
mobile telephony and Internet were
introduced in all major centers in
Bosnia and Herzegovina; the optical
transmission system was realized,
the RR in the SDH technology,
(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy);
data transmission network, as well as
other projects related to the postal and telecommunication traffic which
were not only realized but also in the greater part modernized.
The main code of conduct within the PTT BIH was the satisfaction of users’ demands, a wide range of services with high quality
services and favourable prices. This process became the main policy of
the enterprise which put efforts into successful bussiness orientation.
In order to realize its development goals, the efforts were made
to increase a number of experts by providing grants to students. It was
obvious that the future strength ofthe enterprise should be on youthful
and educated personnel.
In 1998, the PTT BIH used its own resources and realized 2
projects. Sarajevo optical ring and radio–relay system Sarajevo – Zenica
– Tuzla were put into operation.
Centralna radio stanica
na Hadžića brdu kod
Goražda / Central radio
station at Hadžića hill near
Goražde
Fiber Optic and SDH Technology
On the 5th of September of 1998, Fiber–optic ring was put into operation and it meant an official integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina
into the world telecommunication system according to high universal
standards. This ring was intended for the reliable connection of telephone exchanges in the PTT facilities (transmission speed 2,5 Gb/sec)
at the city level, and it served for the qualitative information transmission (the system was realized in digital SDH technology, which enabled
the highest quality of picture, sound and data transmission), while its
115
Centar upravljanja BIHNET
mreže / The managing
center of the BIHNET network
116
mreža bila potpuno uništena u ratu,
puštena u rad tranzitna telefonska
centrala kapaciteta 7.000 brojeva.
Nešto kasnije je završen i prvi
ciklus revitalizacije PTT kapaciteta
u Bosansko-podrinjskom kantonu.
Tranzitna centrala je puštena u rad
i u Bihaću (cca. 14.000 priključaka),
te centrale u Teočaku (preko 2.000
priključka), Hadžićima (1.152 priključka) i Travniku (9.000 priključaka). Telefonske centrale instalirane su
u Gornjem Vakufu i Pruscu. Zenica
je također dobila svoju digitalnu
centralu.
Sve je ukazivalo na povećane
zahtjeve društvene zajednice i privrede, naročito za uslugama koje su
doprinosile uspješnijem radu i kvalitetnijim uslovima življenja. Interes
društvene zajednice se ogledao i u stupanju na snagu državnog Zakona o
telekomunikacijama septembra ove godine.
Prva faza razvoja BH telekomunikacija (područja JP PTT saobraćaja BiH) je, davnim stavljanjem u eksploataciju i posljednje, sedme
digitalne tranzite centrale, završena. Tada je slijedila druga faza tokom
koje su sagledani osnovni pravci razvoja kako fiksne mreže, u strukturi
plitke hijerarhije, tako i mobilne mreže, koja je obuhvatala terestrijalne
i satelitske mobilne komunikacije. Definirani su osnovni elementi planskog karaktera za daljnji period izgradnje mreže te unapređenje postojećih i uvođenje novih usluga. Uz opredjeljenje za najnovije tehnologije,
na svim nivoima mreža, gdje za to postoji i ekonomska opravdanost,
redoslijed prioriteta u razvoju je bio od fi ksne mreže preko mobilne
do specijalnih mreža (mreže za prijenos podataka, IN mreža itd.), uz
maksimalno mogući stepen integralnosti i kriterije za odlučivanje o
prioritetima, počevši od stepena razvijenosti (obnovljenosti) postojeće
mreže, preko zahtjeva za postojećim i novim uslugama, do mogućnosti Preduzeća i korisnika.
reliability manifested in double connection between telecommunication
centers, so the eventual malfunction or abruption of the ring points did
not threaten communications between telephone exchanges. Its available capacities were capable of enduring all future loads, for this system
would make possible inclusion in the future “Telecom ring” by the establishment of cable fiber–optic system all the way to Mostar, Zenica
and Tuzla. A connection of modern telephone exchanges by means of
optic cable increased transmission speed to 622 Mb/sec.
The equipment was purchased from the most prominent world
manufacturers (Marconi – Italy, Nera – Norway, 3M and ADC – the USA,
Gebauer – Austria, Askon – Switzerland and Energoinvest – BIH).
In the beginning of 1998, in Mostar, where telecommunication
network was completely destroyed, a transit telephone exchange was put
into operation with the capacity of 7000 numbers.
Later on, the first phase of the PTT capacities revitalization
was conducted in Bosnian–Podrinje Canton. Also in Bihac, a transit
exchange started operation (cca. 14.000 connections), as well as exchanges in Teocak (over 2000 connections), Hadzici (1152 connections)
and Travnik (9000 connections). Telephone exchanges were installed
in Gornji Vakuf and Prusac. In Zenica, a digital exchange started
operation.
Everything implied to increased demands of the community and
economy. The most required services were those that contributed to the
better quality of life and successful work conduct. Community’s interest manifested also by the entering into the force of the state Law on
Telecommunications.
The first phase of development of BIH telecommunications was
completed by putting into operation the last, seventh, digital transit exchange. The second phase followed during which the main directions of
fi xed network development were considered, in a structure of low hierarchy, as well as a mobile telephony which included terestrial and satellite mobile communications. The main elements of a plan were defined
for long term network construction, as well as upgrade of existing and
implementation of new services. Along with the commitment to use
the latest technologies, at all networks’ levels, where economic justification exists, the priority order in the development of fi xed network, from
mobile to special networks (data transmission networks, IN network,
etc.), with the highest possible rate of integrity and criteria for priority
decision making, starting from development (restoration) level of the
117
VSAT u upotrebi
JP PTT saobraćaja BiH je u 1998. godini imalo 6 satelitskih sistema koji
su povezivali Bosnu i Hercegovinu sa šest zemalja svijeta (Švajcarska,
Italija, Njemačka, USA, Švedska i Velika Britanija) i VSAT sistem za
unutrašnji saobraćaj. Ukupan broj raspoloživih kanala za međunarodni
saobraćaj je iznosio 876, a za unutrašnji saobraćaj 16 kanala, dakle ukupno 892 kanala.
U svrhu povezivanja Internet čvora sa USA koristila se također
satelitska veza kapaciteta 2X2 Mbps.
Implementacija ATM mreže
Oprema za ATM
/ ATM equipment
118
Javno preduzeće PTT saobraćaja BiH nastojalo je da bude ukorak sa
procesima globalizacije telekomunikacija i tehnološih razvojnih promjena koje su svakodnevno zbližavale svijet.
U 1999. godini učinjeni su veliki
napreci, prije svega u tehnološkom smislu.
Narasle korisničke potrebe, i to ne samo
u većim centrima, kao imperativ su nalagale geografsko širenje kapaciteta mreže,
odnosno uspostavu većeg broja geografski
distribuiranih POP-ova, čime se svim dialup korisnicima omogućio pristup Internet
mreži po tarifi lokalnog saobraćaja. Dakle,
jedan od osnovnih principa razvoja bio je
izgradnja sistema u svim dijelovima zemlje,
onim razvijenim, ali i onima gdje je osnovi cilj popularizacija Interneta, čak i ako
u inicijalnom periodu ekspoloatacije nije
postojala ekonomska opravdanost za distribuciju mreže. Ostvarenje ovog specifičnog zadatka podrazumijevalo je izgradnju
backbone dijela mreže, te je u ovoj godini
izgrađena ATM mreža koja je povezivala
Sarajevo, Tuzlu, Mostar, Zenicu, Travnik i
Bihać, pri čemu su kapaciteti linkova izno-
existing network, through demands
for existing and new services, to various possibilities of the Enterprise and
users.
Utilization of VSAT
In 1998, the PTT BIH had 6 satellite systems which linked Bosnia
and Herzegovina with six countries
(Switzerland, Italy, Germany, the
USA, Sweden, and Great Britain) and
VSAT system for local traffic. The total number of available channels
for the international traffic was 876, and for local traffic – 16 channels,
in total 892 channels.
For the establishing of Internet node with the USA, satellite link
with the capacity of 2X2 Mbps was used.
EWSD i BSC na Dolac
Malti / EWSD and BSC at
Dolac Malta
Implementation of ATM Network
The PTT BIH strived to be up to date with the processes of globalization of telecommunications and technical development changes which
with each day brought the world closer.
In 1999, the huge progress was achieved, first of all in technological plan. Users’ demands have increased, not only in larger centers, and
they dictated the geographical broadening of the network capacity, in
other words, setting up of geographically distributed POPs, by means of
which access to Internet would be granted to all dial–up users, at a price
of a local call. Therefore, one of the main development principles was
the construction of the system in all parts of the country, in developed
areas as well as in those where the main goal was the popularization
of Internet, even if during the initial period of exploitation, there was
no economic justification for the network distribution. The accomplishment of this specific task implied the establishment of the backbone
network. During 1999, the ATM network which connected Sarajevo,
Tuzla, Mostar, Zenica, Travnik and Bihac was constructed with the
capacity of 34Mbps. Adopted topology of a star type was following
119
sili 34 Mbps. Usvojena topologija tipa zvijezde pratila je topologiju SDH mreže na čije
se resurse oslanjala. Ovim je ostvaren prvi
preduslov za daljnji rast BIHNET-a, koji je
do najnovijeg vremena široko rasprostranjen
Internet servis u Bosni i Hercegovini. Tako
je u toku te 1999. i naredne godine, uz značajno proširenje kapaciteta prvog sarajevskog
POP-a, uspostavljeno još dvadesetak novih,
u svim značajnim centrima koje svojom infrastrukturom pokriva JP PTT saobraćaja
BiH. Ovaj prvi veliki korak u širenju tehnološke infrastrukture omogućio je značajno
povećanje broja korisnika Interneta, ali istovremeno i širenje baze korisnika paketskih
usluga Frame Relay i X.25 servisa koji postaju
izuzetno privlačni državnim institucijama i
privrednim subjektima kao jeftino, sigurno i
kvalitetno rješenje za uspostavu privatnih WAN-mreža.
Sami kraj 1999. i cijela 2000. godina su, osim u poslovima na postepenom širenju kapaciteta mreže, te poslovima održavanja i eksploatacije sistema koji zbog stalnog porasta broja korisnika postaju izuzetno
vremenski zahtjevni, karakteristični i po izgradnji prve velike Internet
mreže u Bosni i Hercegovini. Naime, za potrebe uvezivanja informatičkih ostrva u preduzeću, izgrađena je privatna mreža realizirana korištenjem Frame-Relay-to-ATM Service Internetworkig protokola, čime su
bili uvezani svi regionalni centri JP PTT-a, a daljnja distribucija mreže
rađena je korištenjem resursa SDH sistema. Mreža je imala punu sigurnost, neovisan sistem rutiranja, izuzetnu skalabilnost i, što je možda i
najvažnije, pružena je do svih uposlenih kojima su radni zadaci nalagali
korištenje elektronskih informacionih resursa Preduzeća.
Za unapređenje poslovanja 1999. godine napravljen je veliki iskorak kako bi se korisnicima izašlo u susret i organizacijom šalterskog
poslovanja (puštenog iz Donjeg Vakufa za čitavu Federaciju), biling
sistema GSM-a, uvođenjem dijela informacionog sistema u oblasti pružanja usluga fiksne telefonije, itd.
Te godine je bio uspostavljen međunarodni telegrafski saobraćaj
i međunarodni novčani promet, a u poštama je ponuđena usluga mijenjanja novca.
120
a topology of the SDH network, and relied
on its resources. Thus, the first precondition
for the further growth of the BIHNET was
met, which have become broadly distributed
Internet service in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
During 1999 and 2000, along with significant
growth of a capacity of the first Sarajevo POP,
about 20 new ones were installed in all important centers covered by the infrastructure
of the JP PTT BIH. This first great step toward broadening of technological infrastructure enabled significant increase in number of
Internet users, but at the same time, broadening of users base for packet services Frame
Relay and X.25 Service, which have become
extremely attractive to the state institutions
and economic entities as a cheap, secure and
quality solution for the establishment of the private WAN networks.
The years 1999 and 2000 were very demanding. Not only because
of step by step broadening of network’s capacities and system maintenance and exploitation activities, which due to constant increase in
number of users became extremely demanding, but also by the construction of the first vast Internet network in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For
the needs of uniting informatics units within the enterprise, the private
network was constructed and realized by utilization of Frame–Relay to
ATM Service of Interworking Protocol, by means of which all regional
centers of the PTT were interconnected, and further network distribution was realised by the SDH system resources. The network was characterized by the full security, independent routing system, exceptional
scalability and the most important, it was available to all employees
whose working tasks required usage of the enterprise’s electronic information resources.
A big step towards the improvement of business activities was
made in 1999, in order to meet the demands of users. Counter activities
were organized (for the entire Federation it was put into operation from
Donji Vakuf), GSM billing system, introducing a part of information
system in the field of fi xed telephony service provision, etc.
Stručnjaci paketske
mreže na održavanju
/ The skill workers of packet
network
121
Poštanski saobraćaj se obavljao posredstvom 220 pošta, sa 548 šalterskih
radnih mjesta.
Korisnici su bili obradovani i izdavanjem telefonskog imenika JP PTT
saobraćaja BiH.
Mreža javnih govornica je također
proširena i sadržavala je 350 jedinica,
uglavnom instaliranih u ruralna područja, te su funkcionirale prko VSAT
sistema koji je imao kapacitet 4x4 kanala. Društvena korist je bila osnovni cilj
ovoga projekta JP PTT saobraćaja BiH.
Godina 1999. završena je sa
502.300 instaliranih brojeva u fiksnoj telefoniji i 367.921 uključenih
pretplatnika. Izgrađeno je novih 45 mjesnih mreža.
Istovremeno, bilo je 80.000 instaliranih i 60.000 pretplatnika uključenih u GSM mrežu, te 11.000 korisnika BIHNET-a. Broj
primopredajnika je sa 184 u 1998. godini bio povećan na 324 u 1999.
godini. Mobilnim signalom su bili pokriveni svi veći gradovi i naselja,
te glavne saobraćajnice. U ovoj godini je pokrivenost teritorije iznosila
70 %, a populacije 85 %, što je bio značajan pomak. Zbog navedenih
razloga boj pretplanika je bio povećan za 106 %, te je iznosio 52.507.
Tokom 1999.godine realiziran je projekat proširenja BIHPAK-a,
čime je omogućeno podizanje kvaliteta usluga. Omogućen je prijenos
svih vrsta digitalnih informacija kapaciteta 34 Mbps, što je bilo kvantitativno povećanje od 540 puta.
Kapaciteti BIHNET- a su bili također značajno unaprijeđeni. Broj pristupnih portova za male korisnike povećan
je sa 120 na 1.100, tako da je 1999. godine broj korisnika po pristupnom portu
iznosio 9, umjesto dotadašnjih 44, mada
je broj korisnika porastao za 83%. Za velike korisnike je broj pristupnih portova
bio povećan na 242, od čega je njih 60
imalo brzinu od 2 Mbps. Pušteno je u
funkciju i 8 novih servera.
122
The international telegraph service
was establish during 1999 as well as the
international money transfer, and within
the posts, money exchange service was
introduced.
Postal service was carried out
through 220 post offices, with 548 counter working places.
Users were pleased with the issuance of the PTT BIH directory.
The network of public telephone
booths was also increased and it included
350 units, mainly installed in rural areas.
They functioned by the VSAT system with the capacity of 4x4 channels. Community’s benefit was the main aim of this project.
The year 1999 was completed with 502.300 activated numbers
of fi xed telephony and 367.921 activated subscribers. 45 new local networks were constructed.
At the same time, there were 80.000 installed numbers and
60.000 subscribers of the GSM network, as well as 11.000 BIHNET
users. The number of transceivers in 1998 was 184, and during 1999 it
increased to 324. All larger towns, communities and main roads were
covered by the signal of mobile telephony. In 1999, the territorial coverage was 70%, whereas population coverage was 85%, which was a
significant progress. Thus, the number of subscribers was increased for
106%, so the total number was 52.507 subscribers.
During the same year, the project of the BIHPAK’s expansion
was realized, providing the strengthening of service quality. A transmission of all types of digital information with the capacity of 34 Mbps, was
enabled, which represented the quantitative increase for 540 times.
BIHNET’s capacities were also
significantly improved. The number of
access ports for dial–up users was increased from 120 to 1.100, thus in 1999,
the number of users per access port was
9, instead of 44, although the number of
users was increased for 83%. For leased
123
Optički prijenosni sistemi su postali bogatiji za novih 615 km
optičkog kabla, čime je ostvaren cilj – 100 % digitalizacija prijenosa
i povezivanje svih većih urbanih centara teritorije na kojoj je JP PTT
saobraćaja BiH djelovala. Istovremeno, digitalizacija komutacija dostiže
preko 50 %. Posebno zadovoljstvo je pružilo puštanje u funkciju optičkog kabla na relaciji Sarajevo – Mostar, 4. augusta 1999. godine, što je
predstavljalo jedan od najvećih poslova urađenih u poslijeratnoj obnovi
PTT sistema BiH. Dužina kabla sa 24 niti iznosila je 130 km, a radovi
su trajali oko 3,5 godine, čime je omogućen tada najkvalitetniji digitalni prijenos između Međunarodne automatske telefonske centrale u
Sarajevu.
Ove centrale su omogućile realizaciju ISDN-a i međunarodnih
poziva sa dodatnim zahtjevima, te su bili prošireni ISDN kapaciteti za
bazni dostup za 27 %, a za primarni dostup za 250 %. Sve veća je bila
zainteresiranost poslovnih i rezidencijalnih korisnika za ovu uslugu.
U međunarodnom saobraćaju JP PTT saobraćaja BiH, pored
mnogih drugih aktivnosti, uspostavilo je terestrijalnu vezu, umjesto satelita sa telekomom Italije.
PTT inženjering, poslovna jednica koja djeluje kao organizacioni
dio Generalne direkcije i ima poseban status, u 1999. godini je imala uspješan rad. Polaganje, spajanje i umjeravanje optičkih kablova u
dužini od 300 km, izgradnja optičkih spojnih puteva po samonosivim
optičkim kablovima na dalekovodima u dužini od 30 km, montaža malih sistema prijenosa, izgradnja TT mreže, pa do projektiranja 200 km
Servis TT uređaja
/ The service of TC devices
124
Montaža 60 m GSM stuba
/ Installation of 60 m GSM
tower
line users, the number of access ports was increased to 242, of which 60
had the speed of 2 Mbps. Eight new servers were put into operation.
Optical transmission systems were enriched for 615 km of optic
cable, by means of which the aim – 100% digitalization of transmission
as well as a connection of all larger urban centers of territory on which
the PTT BIH operated – was realized. At the same time, a switching
digitalization exceeded 50%. A special pleasure was putting into operation of optical cable on the direction Sarajevo – Mostar, on the 4th of
August 1999, and it was one of the most demanding tasks realized in
the after war reconstruction period of the PTT BIH. The length of
cable with 24 fibers was 130 km, and the activities lasted for 3,5 years.
By utilization of this cable the highest quality digital transmission was
made possible from the International Automatic Telephone Exchange
in Sarajevo.
The exchanges provided the realization of the ISDN and of the
international calls with additional demands. The ISDN capacities were
125
optičkih spojnih puteva ili isprojektiranih TT mreža kapaciteta 20.000
pretplatnika. To su samo najvažnije aktivosti ovog sektora koji se te
godine bavio i uvođenjem sistema kvaliteta u PTT Inženjeringu, ali i
aktivnostima kao što su montaže protuprovalne, protupožarne i sigurnosne tehnike, montiranje računarskih mreža, atestiranje elektro, gromobranih i protupožarnih instalacija, te mnoge druge usluge u oblasti
metaloprerađivačke djelatnosti.
Razvoj informatičkog sistema
U domenu informatičke podrške razvoju poslovnog sistema JP PTT
saobraćaja BiH, 1999. godina je imala značaj zbog zaokruženja ciklusa strateškog razvoja informacionog sistema Preduzeća. Definirane su
sve bitne komponnente WAN konfiguracije svih segmenata sistema sa
relacionom bazom Oracle kao informacionom osnovom. Oslanjajući se
na ovu informatičku platformu, sopstveni kadar, te na funkcionalnu i
komplemenatarnu saradnju sa drugim dijelovima sistema, u toku 1999.
izgrađena je jaka IT podrška neophodna za ostvarivanje strateških
opredjeljenja preduzeća. Od mnogih važnih novih aplikativnih rješenja
izdvaja se billing sistem mobilne telefonije koji je u potpunosti bio prila-
Call centar / Call Center
126
extended for basic access for 27% and for primary access for 250%.
Interest of business and residential users for this service was increasing.
Within the international traffic of the PTT BIH, along with
many other activities, a terrestrial link was established instead of satellite link with Telecom Italia.
The PTT Engineering, a working unit that have been functioning as a organizational part of the General Directorate with a special
status, had a very successful operation in 1999: setting, connecting and
calibration of optical cables of 300 km length, construction of optical
connection lines at transmission lines of 30 km length, assemblage of
small transmission systems, construction of TT network, designing of
200 km long optical connection lines or designed TT networks with
the capacity of 20.00 subscribers. These were only the most important
activities of this sector, which also worked on introducing of quality
systems in the PTT Engineering such as – installation of burglary–prevention, fire–prevention and safety techniques, installation of computer
networks, certification of electro installations, lightening conductors
and fire prevention installations, as well as many others services in the
field of metal–processing activities.
Development of Information System
Due to closing of strategic development cycle of the enterprise’s information system, the year 1999 was significant in the field of informatics
support to economic system development of the PTT BIH. All important components of WAN configuration of all system segments were
defined with the relational database Oracle as the information basis.
Leaning on this informatics platform, personnel and successful cooperation with other parts of the system, the strong IT support necessary for
the realization of strategic decisions of the enterprise was constructed
in 1999. From various new application solutions, the billing system was
a sole system of mobile telephony, which was completely adapted to
specific demands of domestic mobile telephony system.
However, in 1999, the PTT BIH was particularly pleased, and
it received numerous compliments, on the occasion of providing organizational support for the Stability Pact Summit for the southeastern
Europe, held on the 29th and 30th of July, by means of which the readiness for execution of complicated and demanding tasks was expressed,
127
Konferencija za štampu
u povodu uspješnog rada
Samita
/ Press conference on the
occasion of successfully held
Summit
128
gođen specifičnim zahtjevima domaćeg
sistema mobilne telefonije.
Međutim, pravu satisfakciju doživjelo je JP PTT saobraćaja BiH 1999.
godine, te s pravom doživjelo sve pohvale, povodom podrške organiziranju
Samita Pakta stabilnosti za Jugoistočnu
Evropu, održanog od 29. do 30. jula,
čime se iskazalo spremnim i za najkompliciranije i najzahtjevnije zadatke, i pri
čemu je na njih odgovorilo sa vlastitim
snagama, zalaganjem, profesionalnošću
i, prvenstveno, znanjem. U vrlo kratkom roku od 30 dana organiziralo se
na području: fiksne, paketske, mobilne
telefonije, unutrašnjeg razvoda telefonskih instalacija i elektro instalacija,
terminalnih uređaja, potrebe TV, javne
govornice, PTT centra i drugih pratećih poslova za potrebe održavanja
Samita Pakta stabilnosti. Maksimalno zalaganje svih zaposlenih rezultiralo je pozitivnom slikom Bosne i Hercegovine, koja se pokazala
dostojnim organizatorom ovako velike manifestacije.
Brzina razvoja, povećanje broja i asortimana usluga, povećanje
prihoda, visina ostvarene dobiti, te stepen socijalne sigurnosti zaposlenih i finansijska stabilnost preduzeća govorili su o uspješnom poslovanju
JP PTT saobraćaja BiH. Međutim, pojava konkurencije i liberalizacija
tržišta nisu dali prostora za odmor, već se zahtijevalo još veće angažiranje svih zaposlenih.
Od direktora, preko savjetnika za pojedine oblasti (telekomunikacija, pošta, pravo, ekonomija i informatika, te regionalnih direkcija
i PTT Inženjeringa), pa do onih najmanje odgovornih, izražavali su
odanost firmi i osjećali obavezu prema vlastitoj poziciji i statusu ovog
bosanskohercegovačkog telekomunikacionog sistema. Svi zajedno su
vodili računa o osnovnim smjernicama programa rada Preduzeća – o
poslovnim aktivnostima na međunarodnom planu, o aktivnostima u
odnosu prema državnim organima i organima Federacije, te o poslovnim aktivnostima u oblasti osnovne djelatnosti JP PTT saobraćaja BiH.
Namjera ovih programskih ciljeva je bila da se smanje troškovi i poveća
kvalitet usluga i pri tome su se u većoj mjeri poduzele aktivnosti da se
Samit Pakt stabilnosti
/ Stability Pact Summit
and the same were realized by its own personnel, efforts, professionalism
and first of all – knowledge. In short term of 30 days, the following was
organized: fi xed data and mobile telephony, internal telephone installations and electro installations, terminal devices, TV requirements, public payphones, the PTT centers and other additional activities for the
Summit requirements. Maximal efforts made by all employees resulted
in positive representation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which proved to
be a worthy organizer of such a huge manifestation.
The development speed, increase in number and assortment of
services, increase of profit, income rate and the extent of social security of
employees and financial stability of the enterprise, clearly represented a successful operation of the PTT BIH. However, competition and liberalization of market, contributed to even stronger engagement of all employees.
From directors to counselors for certain areas (telecommunications,
posts, law, economy, informatics) and regional directorates and the PTT
Engineering and those with least responsibility, they all felt loyalty to the
enterprise and had an obligation towards their own position as well as to
the status of this Bosnian–Herzegovinian telecommunication system. All
together they took care about basic guidelines of the enterprise’s working
program – about working activities at the international level, activities in
relation to state bodies and authorities of the Federation, business activi129
Sa svečanosti puštanja u
rad sarajevskog optičkog
“prstena”
/ Ceremony on the occasion
of putting into operation
Sarajevo optical ring
više koristi timski rad, maksimalno primijene informacione tehnologije
u radu, da horizontalna i vertikalna komunikacija bude potpuna i da se
pravovremeno može prići potrebnim informacijama.
Stalno se radilo na boljoj organizaciji rada, jer su zahtjevi za uslugama postali sve sofisticiraniji, u svjetskim okvirima tehnologija je nametala nove standarde, a i nova zakonska rješenja i regulative usluga su
se mijenjali. U tom cilju je promijenjen nivo odgovornosti u pojedinim
oblastima telekomunikacija i poštanskog saobraćaja, izvršena je nova
kategorizacija pošta, centara pošta, centara telekomunikacija, direkcija,
utvrđen je stepen stručnosti osoblja, a kao jedna od osnovnih strateških odrednica – formiran je Centar za edukaciju sa ciljem da organizira obuku za menadžment JP PTT saobraćaja BiH i da bude u stanju
prepoznati nove tržišne tokove, da odgovori nastupajućoj konkurenciji,
da poveća znanje stručnjaka, te da se
na obukama prepoznaju pojedinačne
sposobnosti stručnjaka u cilju selekcije
budućih nosioca razvoja i upravljanja
firmom, kao i organizacija potrebne
prekvalifikacije za radnike zbog uvođenja novih tehnologija.
Spremnost na reogranizaciju
pokazivala je visok nivo svijesti o promjenama i odlučnost da se Preduzeće
organizirano suoči sa njima.
130
ties in the main field activities of the PTT BIH. The purpose of these
program objectives was to reduce expenses and increase the quality of
services. Within this process, efforts were made to utilize teamwork to a
greater extent, to apply information technology in the work, to secure that
horizontal and vertical communication is perfect, and that on time access
to required information is provided.
It was constantly worked on the better organization. Service demands became more and more sophisticated, a world technology dictated
new standards, and new law and regulations of service were changing.
In regard to this, a level of responsibility was changed in certain areas of
telecommunications and postal service, the new categorization of posts,
post centers, telecommunication centers and directorates was conducted,
the grade of personnel expertise was determined, and one of the basic
strategic guidelines – the Center for Education was founded. Its aim was
to organize the training for the management of the PTT BIH and to be
responsible to identify new market courses, to answer the competition, to
increase the expertise, and to recognize within the training a respective
skills of experts, in order to select the future personnel responsible for
development and managing, as well as to organize required retraining for
employees due to introducing new technologies.
The readiness to reorganize represented a high–level of awareness
about the changes, as well as the determination to face them in organized and professional manner.
Gen. Vesly Clarck
čestita osoblju J.P. PTT
saobraćaja – Sarajevo
na uspješno urađenom
poslu / Gen. Vesly Clarck
congratulates to the staff of
P.E. PTT traffic – Sarajevo,
on the well done job
131
Razvoj PTT-a
nakon 2000. godine
Development
of the PTT BIH after 2000
N
Definisanje principa
podjele PTT Sistema na
BH Telecom i BH Poštu
/ Defining principles of
division of the PTT sistem to
BH Telecom and BH Post
134
ormalizacija društvenog života u Bosni i Hercegovini imala
je svoje pozitivne posljedice i po JP PTT saobraćaja BiH.
Međutim, prilagođavanje svjetskim tehnološkim tokovima, sve složenijim zahtjevima korisnika za kvalitetnijim
uslugama, nalagalo je daljnju i bolju organizaciju rada. Privredni razvoj
zemlje također, je zahtijevao podršku informacionih sistema, prvenstveno pri razvoju ekonomije i industrije i Preduzeće se osjećalo dužnim da
odgovori na brojne zahtjeve proistekle iz ubrzanijeg tempa društvenog
života u cjelini. Slogan: “Bolji kvalitet komunikacija za bolji kvalitet
života” bio je vodilja za JP PTT saobraćaja BiH, te znak prihvatanja
odgovorne uloge u ovim teškim vremenima.
Zahtijevana primjena savremenih tehnoloških rješenja i bolje poslovanje nisu se mogli
ostvariti u dotadašnjim okvirima i u dotadašnjem sistemu rada.
Zbog toga je još 8. decembra 1999. godine Upravni odbor Preduzeća na
svojoj 57. sjednici usvojio Elaborat o razdvajanju pošte i telekomunikacija JP PTT-a. Elaborat je bio rezultat gotovo jednogodišnjeg stručnog rada petočlane komisije, formirane na osnovu rješenja generalnog
direktora, a proistekle iz navedenih razloga.
U Elaboratu je navedeno oko desetak razloga koji su govorili o
svrsi razdvajanja ova dva sektora, a među najznačajnijim su bili sljedeći:
to je bila povoljna prilika da se oba nova privredno-pravna subjekta iskažu na tržištu u onom što su njihove djelatnosti i da izađu pred korisnike
sa dodatnim uslugama. Naravno, ništa manje značajan razlog nije bio
N
ormalization of social life in Bosnia and Herzegovina positively influenced the PTT BIH. However, adaptation to
world technological progress and more complicated users’
demands for qualitative services, dictated further and more
sophisticated organization of activities. Economic development of the
country also required a support of informatics systems, first of all due
to the growth of economy and industry, and secondly the enterprise felt
responsible to meet the requirements which came out of rapid tempo
of social life. A slogan “A better quality of communications for a better
quality of life” was leading idea for the Public Enterprise PTT BIH, as
well as a signal of acceptance of a responsible role in those hard times.
Required implementation of up to date technological solutions
and better business activity, could not be realized in the existing frameworks and working systems. As a result, on the 8th of December 1999,
the Management Board at its 57th Session adopted The Elaboration
on Separation of Post and Telecommunications of the PTT BIH. It
was the result of almost a year long professional work of a commission
comprised of 5 members, which was formed according to the decision
of the General Director.
In the Elaboration, 10 reasons were specified for the separation
of these two sectors, and among the most important ones were the fol-
Obilazak nove ATC u
Hadžićima / Visiting new
ATC in Hadzici
135
ni evropski uzor, jer je ovakva vrsta reorganizacije telekomunikacionih preduzeća u Evropi bila već odavno izvršena. Osim toga, WTO
– Međunarodna trgovinska organizacija je zahtijevala od bosanskohercegovačke Vlade da se ovaj problem riješi. Uzeta je u obzir predstojeća privatizacija ove izuzetno značajne i vrlo ugledne firme. Stoga su u
Elaboratu bila određena 24 principa za podjelu imovine između Pošte i
Telekoma, a dogovoreno je da alimentacija u vidu pomoći telekomunikacija pošti bude definirana na dogovoreni način i uz pružanje međusobnih usluga između ova dva privredno-pravna subjekta.
Tako je nastupio period od šest mjeseci (januar – juni 2000.)
probnog praćenja poslovanja dva nova “prividna” privredno-pravna
subjekta.
Nakon toga perioda, tačnije 1. jula 2000. godine počeo je odvojeni prikaz poslovanja, kao da su u pitanju dvije firme: Pošta i
Telekomunikacije, da bi, konačno, početak razdvojenog rada preduzeća
BH Telecom nastupio od 1. 1. 2002. godine. U obje firme su nastavili sa
radom svi dotadašnji radnici Javnog preduzeća PTT saobraćaja Bosne i
Hercegovine
Ta, 2000. godina u mnogočemu je bila uspješna za telekomunikacioni sistem u Bosni i Hercegovini. Treba napomenuti da je “informacijski problem 2000. godine”, koji nije uzbudio duhove samo na ovim
prostorima, nego i u čitavom svijetu, uspješno bio riješen vlastitim znanjem, upornim radom i zalaganjem.
Ono što je realizirano u 2000. godini u tehnološkom dijelu bila
je promjena numeracije, proširenje digitalizacije komutacija i proširenje
kako prijenosne tako i pristupne mreže, kao i proširenje GSM sa novom
IN čvorom i Prepaid uslugom i novom Siemensovom MSC-2 komutacijom koja je puštena u paralelan rad sa postojećim Ericssonovim MSC-1
sistemom, što je sve imalo kritične periode za normalno funkcioniranje
i operatorsko vođenje sistema.
Nešto prije zvaničnog razdvajanja, preduzeće je postiglo vrijedan
uspjeh – svečano je puštena u rad čvorna telefonska centrala u Brki,
3. maja, i na taj način ozvaničen uspješan završetak instaliranja sedam
lokalnih telefonskih centrala u Bosni i Hercegovini, kapaciteta od oko
83.000 telefonskih priključaka. Gradnju ovih centrala – četiri na području Federacije (u Nemili, Velikoj Kladuši, Banovićima i Brki) i tri na
području Republike Srpske (Mrkonjić-Grad, Derventa i Teslić) – realizirali su JP PTT saobraćaja Bosne i Hercegovine i Telekom Republike
Srpske. Ovoj realizaciji prethodio je međuoperatorski ugovor za me136
Telefonskim razgovorom
sa malezijskim
premijerom Dr. M.
Mohathirom, ministar
N. Rečica je simbolično
pustio u funkciju roaming
PTT BiH sa Maxisom
(mobilnim operaterom iz
Malezije) / By a telephone
call with Prime Minister of
Malaysia Dr. M. Mohathir,
Minister N. Rečica has put
into operation roaming
between PTT BiH and Maxis
(mobile operator from
Malaysia)
lowing: this was the convenient opportunity for both legal–economic
entities to demonstrate on the market what their specific activities
were, and to provide their users with extra services. Indeed, European
role model played a significant part in this, because this type of reorganization of telecommunication enterprises was long ago implemented
in Europe. Besides, WTO – World Trade Organization demanded
from the Bosnian–Herzegovinian Government to solve this problem.
A privatization of this prominent enterprise was considered. In the
Elaboration, 24 principles were determined for the division of assets
between the Post and the Telecom, and the certain help was agreed,
by means of which the telecommunications were obliged to provide the
financial assistance to the Post, together with service provision between
these two entities.
Thus, the period of 6 months began (January – June 2000) of
tentative monitoring of these two legal economic entities.
After this period, on the 1st of July 2000, a separate presentation
of business activity began, as if two distinct enterprises were in question: The Post and The Telecommunications. The separate activity of
the BH Telecom started on the 1st of January 2002. Both enterprises
kept the employees from the Public Enterprise PTT BIH.
137
Menadžment Regionalne
Direkcije Sarajevo
prilikom puštanja RSS-a
u Raštelici – Hadžići
2001. godine
/ Management of Regional
Direction Sarajevo during
ceremony operational
of RSS 2001
đupovezivanje na nivou Bosne i Hercegovine između JP PTT-a BiH i
Telekoma Srpske.
Gradnja pristupnih mreža u Bosni i Hercegovini bila je realizirana u sklopu značajnog Projekta hitne obnove telekomunikacija u Bosni
i Hercegovini, tzv. TERP projekta, a finansijska sredstva, potrebna za
realizaciju navedenog projekta obnove, bila su obezbijeđena djelomično
iz kredita Evropske banke za obnovu i razvoj (EBRD), a djelomično
su to bile tzv. “uslovljene“ donacije, tj. finansijska sredstva dobivena po
osnovu bilateralnih ugovora Bosne i Hercegovine i nekih evropskih zemalja, pod pokroviteljstvom Evropske banke. Bila je tu i vrlo značajna
finansijska pomoć zemalja –donatora: Švajcarske, Holandije, Japana i
Italije.
Centrale je donirala vlada Švajcarske, a sredstva koja su trebala
biti vraćena išla su u bosansko-švajcarski fond za humanitarne namjene.
Ovaj projekt je jedan od najvećih koji je vlada Švajcarske imala u Bosni
i Hercegovini.
S obzirom da je dotadašnji stepen razvoja fiksne mreže pokazivao
zaostajanje za stvarnim potrebama društva, to je ovaj projekt bio prilog
naporima da se na tome sve angažiranije radi.
Na nivou generalne direkcije i sedam regionalnih direkcija uloženi
su dodatni napori na poboljšanju usluga – montirane su čvorne centrale
(Brka, Konjic), montirani su i pušteni u rad istureni pretplatnički mo138
The year 2000, was a successful for the telecommunication system
in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It should be mentioned that “the informational problem of the year 2000”, was successfully solved by its own
expertise, efforts and intensive work.
During the year 2000, the following tasks were fulfilled: a change
of numbering, extension of switching digitalization, broadening of
transmission and access network as well as an extension of the GSM
with the new IN node and prepaid service and new Siemens MSC 2
switching system which was put into operation in parallel with the existing Ericsson MSC 1 system, and all these tasks had critical periods for
normal functioning and operation of the system.
Before the official separation, the enterprise achieved a great
success – a node exchange was put into operation on the 3rd of May
in Brka, and thus, the successful assemblage of seven local telephone
exchanges with the capacity of 83.000 telephone connections was completed. The construction of these exchanges, four on the territory of the
Federation (Nemila, Velika Kladusa, Banovici, Brka) and three on the
territory of the Republic of Srpska (Mrkonjic Grad, Derventa i Teslic)
were realized by the Public Enterprise PTT BIH and Telekom Srpske.
This realization was preceded by inter–operator agreement for interconnection of the PTT BIH and Telekom Srpske on the territory of Bosnia
and Herzegovina.
The construction of the access networks in Bosnia and Herzegovina
was realized within the significant Telecommunication Emergency
Reconstruction Project in Bosnia and Herzegovina (TERP), whereas necessary financial resources were
partly provided from the loan of the
European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (EBRD), and partly they
were “conditioned” grants, that is, financial resources granted on the basis
of bilateral agreements of Bosnia and
Herzegovina and some European countries, under the patronage of the European
Bank. A significant financial help was
provided by country–donors: Switzerland,
Netherlands, Japan and Italy.
The exchanges were donated by the
Swiss government, and resources which
Sistem informacionih
tehnologija
/ IT system
139
duli (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Mostar, Nemila, Travnik), proširen je kapacitet
centrale u Tuzli, dužina optičkog kabla se povećavala (Tuzla – Srebrenik
– Okresnica – Brka u dužini od 70 km, Zenica – Nemila – Zavidovići,
Mostar – Konjic i Goražde – Sarajevo), povećan je broj pristupnih mreža, povećavan je broj automatiziranih centrala, montirane su nove bazne stanice mobilne telefonije (Bosanska Krupa, Urkuni za pokrivenost
GSM signalom putne komunikacije Goražde – Ustikolina), broj javnih
govornica je također uvećan (za 279 govornica), izgrađeni su mnogi novi
PTT objekti, a mnogi sanirani, na područjima mnogih direkcija izvršena je potpuna automatizacija šalterskog poslovanja, implemeniran
je i projekt Telekomunikacioni informacioni sistem na svim nivoima
nekih direkcija.
Modernizacija PTT sistema
IN čvor / The IN node
140
Kada je fiksna telefonija u pitanju, 2000 godina je bila u znaku kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih unapređenja. Došlo je do porasta instaliranih kapaciteta, kao i porasta stepena iskorištenosti koji je dostigao obim od 75
%. U kvalitativnom smislu, uspjeh je izražajniji jer strukturu tehnologije
komutacija čine 60 % digitalnih, 34,4 % analognih i 5,1 % elektromehaničkih komutacija. Od ukupno 333 komutacije, 158 je bilo HOST,
a 175 su izdvojeni stepeni. Uvođenjem novih tehnologija, organizacija
fiksne telefonske mreže dobija strukturu “plitke” mreže koja ima bolje iskorištenje, jeftinije izdržavanje i veći dijapazon usluga atraktivnih
korisnicima, što je bilo u cilju Javnog preduzeća PTT saobraćaja BiH.
Te godine zabilježeno je novih 40.406
korisnika fiksne mreže.
Instalirani ISDN kapaciteti u
2000. godini bili su veći za 1.470 priključnih tačaka. Od ukupno instaliranog ISDN kapaciteta, koji je iznosio
4.588 priključaka, u upotrebi je bilo
1.130, a od toga 1.100 su bili BRA,
a 39 PRA. Ostvaren je porast broja
ISDN korisnika za više od dva puta u
odnosu na prethodnu godinu.
Za unapređenje mobilne telefonije postavljeno je novih 26 baznih sta-
should be returned went to Bosnian–Swiss Found for humanitarian
purposes. This is one of the greatest projects that the government of
Switzerland conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Considering that the development rate of fi xed network did not
match existing social demands, this Project was a kind of contribution
to the efforts in order to intensify the activities.
At the level of the General Directorate and seven regional directorates the additional efforts were made in order to improve services
– node exchanges were assembled (Brka, Konjic), remote subscribers
modules were put into operation (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Mostar, Nemila,
Travnik), the capacity of exchange in Tuzla was extended, the length
of optical cable was increasing (Tuzla – Srebrenik – Okresnica – Brka
of 70 km length, Zenica – Nemila – Zavidovici, Mostar – Konjic and
Gorazde – Sarajevo), the number of access networks was increased as
well as the number of automatic exchanges, new base stations of mobile
telephony were assembled (Bosanska Krupa, Urkuni for the GSM signal
coverage of a road communication Gorazde – Ustikolina), the number of
public telephone booths was also increased (for 279 telephone booths),
numerous new PTT facilities were built and many were repaired; at the
territory of many directorates the complete automatization of counter
activities was conducted, the Telecommunication–Information System
Project was implemented at all levels of certain directorates.
Modernization of the PTT system
During the year, the fi xed mobile telephony was also qualitatively and
quantitatively upgraded. The installed capacities increased as well as
the utilization rate which reached 75%. The success was more evident
in qualitative sense, for the switching technology structure comprised
of 60% of digital, 34,4% of analogue and 5,1% of electro–mechanical switching systems. Out of 333 switching systems, 158 were Hosts
and 175 were remote units. By introducing new technologies, the organization of fi xed telephony network gained the structure of “shallow”
network with better utilization, cheaper maintenance, broader assortment of services, exactly what was the objective of the Public Enterprise
PTT BIH. During this year, 40.406 new users of fi xed network were
recorded.
141
nica, tako da im je ukupan broj bio 106, a time je
zemaljska pokrivnost značajno porasla. Aranžman
sa Globalstarom omogućio je korisnicima mobilne
usluge stopostotnu pokrivenost područja BiH. U
listu roaming partnera bilo je upisano novih 24
operatora i novih 11 zemalja, uključujući i roaming
partnere – druge operatore u BiH. Instalacijom
novog komutacionog centra kapaciteta 180.000
priključaka, mobilni kapaciteti su povećani na
290.000 priključaka. Broj korisnika mobilne usluge se povećao sa 52.507 na 117.886, ili za 124 %.
U septembru 2000. godine započeo je komercijalni start satelitske mobilne telefonske usluge, a u oktobru je lansirana nova pre-paid
mobilna usluga ULTRA, i do kraja te godine ostvaren je prirast od
24.500 novih pre-paid korisnika. Pravilnim koncipiranjem nove usluge
pokušala se spriječiti kanibalizacija post-paid mobilne telefonske usluge, tako da je u 2000. godini zabilježen prirast novih 40.879 post-paid
pretplatnika.
Mada je u Bosni i Hercegovini, kao posljedica rata, došlo do razdvajanja u tri operatora fiksne i mobilne telefonije, ipak je postepeno,
a mnogo prije nego u drugim zemljama regiona, dolazilo do saradnje,
pa tako i između dva bosanskohercegovačka entiteta. Između JP PTT
saobraćaja BiH i Telekoma Srpske 13. aprila 2000. godine je potpisan međuoperatorski ugovor za njihovo međusobno povezivanje. U
julu je JP PTT saobraćaja BiH bila uvezana u nacionalni roaming sa
Telekomom Srpske. Isti ugovor je potpisan i između JP PTT saobraćaj
BiH i Hrvatske pošte i telekomunikacija d.o.o. Mostar. Realizacija ovih
ugovora omogućila je bolju pokrivenost i kvalitet telekomunikacijskih
veza na cijeloj teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine, te unapređenje međuoperatorske saradnje i mrežnog povezivanja. PTT Inženjering je u novembru plasirao na inostrano tržište prvi univerzalni metalni kontejner za
smještaj GSM baznih stanica.
U ovoj godini pokrenuta su tri značajna projekta sa ciljem da se
odgovori na sve izazove vremena i kako bi se problemi sveli na najmanju mjeru. Prvenstvo je imao pojekt za unapređenje telekomunikacionih usluga koji je podrazumijevao izgradnju savremenog Call Centra
sa Customer Care softverom za sve telekomunikacione sisteme. Zatim
projekt za uvođenje sistema osiguranja kvaliteta u svim procesima koji
bi u planiranoj formi predstavljao potpuni sistem upravljanja kvalitetom
142
Detalj sa prezentacije ULTRA usluge / At the presentation of ULTRA service
In 2000, the installed ISDN capacities were increased for 1.470
connection points. From the total ISDN capacity, which was 4.588 connections, only 1.130 were in use, out of which there were 1.100 BRA
and 39 PRA. The increase in number of ISDN users was realized, which
was doubled compared to previous year.
In order to improve the fi xed telephony, 26 of new base stations
were assembled, so the total number was 106, by means of which the
territorial coverage was significantly increased. The arrangement with
Globalstar provided the mobile service users with
100% of territorial coverage of BIH. 24 new operators and 11 countries were enlisted in the roaming partner list, as well as the roaming partners
– other operators within BIH. With the installation of new switching center with the capacity of
180.000 connections, the mobile capacities were
increased to 290.000 connections. The number of
the mobile service users was increased from 52.507
to 117.886, which is 124%.
In September of 2000, the commercial
start of satellite mobile telephone service began,
and in October, a new pre–paid mobile service
– the ULTRA – became available, and until the
end of that year, 24.500 new pre–paid users were
activated. With proper concept of this service it
143
Obnovljena Glavna pošta
u Sarajevu / Reconstructed
Main Post Office in Sarajevo
144
(Total Quality Management). Treći projekt koji
je pokrenut je integralni reinženjering poslovnih procesa, koji je podrazumijevao instalaciju i
primjenu jedinstvenog softvera kojim će se kontrolirati svi procesi u Preduzeću od ekonomsko-finansijskih poslova, investicija, upravljanja
i održavanja, do brige o kadrovima.
Krajem 2000. godine nastavljen je period
analitičkog i studioznog rada. To je period planskog prestruktuiranja kompanije za njen daljnji
dinamički rast i razvoj. Izrađena je strategija
razvoja, uz brojne fizibiliti studije, programe,
projekte i biznis planove koji će biti osnova za
dugoročni razvoj oba sektora – poštanski i telekomunikacijski.
2001. godina će sigurno biti upamćena po još jednom značajnom
momentu – svečanosti povodom završetka radova na obnovi i rekonstrukciji Glavne pošte u Sarajevu. Ovaj svečani čin, koji se desio 3. maja
was attempted to prevent a mutilation of post–paid mobile telephone
service , thus, during 2000, 40.879
new post–paid users were recorded.
In November, the PTT
Engineering placed the first universal metal container for the setting of
the GSM base stations, on foreign
market.
Although, as a consequence
of the war, three operators of fi xed
and mobile telephony were present
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, sooner
than in other countries of the region they began to cooperate. On
the 13th of April, 2000, the inter–operator agreement was signed between the PTT BIH and the Telekom Srpske for their interconnection. In July, the PTT BIH was integrated in national roaming with
the Telekom Srpske. The same agreement was signed between the PTT
BIH and Croatian Posts and Telecommunications doo Mostar (HPT).
The realization of these agreements provided the better coverage and
quality of telecommunication links at the entire territory of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, as well as the upgrade of inter–operator cooperation and
network connection. The PTT Engineering launched at foreign market the first universal metal container for location of the GSM base
stations.
During the year, three significant projects were initiated with the
aim of meeting all challenges of the time and reducing the problems. The
most important was the Project for Improvement of Telecommunication
Services, which implied a construction of modern Call Center with
Customer Care Software for all telecommunication systems. A project
for introducing of quality secure system, which in the right configuration in all processes, would represent the Total Quality Management
System. The third initiated Project was the Integral Re–Engineering
of Business Processes, which implied installation and implementation
of unique software which would control all processes within the enterprise, from economic and financial activities, investments, managing
and maintenance to personnel care.
145
Usluga brze pošte – EMS
/ Express Mail Service
2001. godine, simbolično je označio pobjedu nad destrukcijom i dekadencijom, ali je istovremeno bio otjelotvorenje ustrajnosti, volje za komuniciranjem, strpljivosti i nepokolebljivosti u obnovi. To je bio simbol
novog početka u novom mileniju, simbol nade u novu, bolju i čovjeka
dostojniju budućnost, kako za zaposlenike u BH Telecomu tako i za
građane Sarajeva.
Veliki napori uprave, poslovodstva i stručnih službi u 2001. godini bili su usmjereni na razdvajanje poštanske i telekomunikacijske djelatnosti i osnivanje novih preduzeća. Ovaj krupan zadatak je uspješno
obavljen i razdvajanje je izvršeno sa 31. decembrom 2001. godine. Ovo
je urađeno na osnovu saglasnosti Vlade Federacije BiH na Plan reorganizacije Javnog preduzeća PTT saobraćaja BiH na dva pravna subjekta:
Javno preduzeće BH Pošta i Javno preduzeće BH Telecom.
Paralelno sa ovim aktivnostima i dalje se vodila jedinstvena
poslovna politika koju je već dugo godina obilježavalo usmjerenje ka
primjeni savremenih tehnologija, stalnom podizanju kvaliteta usluga,
uvođenjem novih usluga prema potrebama korisnika, povremenom snižavanju cijena, te aktivnom učešću u radu međunarodnih udruženja.
146
Sa svečanosti puštanja
u rad centrale u Brki
/ Ceremony of putting into
operation an exchange in
Brka
By the end of 2000, the period of analytical and study work was
continued. This was the period of plan restructuring of the enterprise for
its further dynamic growth and development. The development strategy
was made, along with numerous feasibility studies, programs, projects,
business plans which would serve as the base for both sectors, postal and
telecommunications.
Turbulent 2000 was replaced with the stable 2001, which certainly would be remembered by a significant moment – a ceremony
anent the completion of reconstruction works of the Main Post Office
in Sarajevo. On the 3rd of May, this
ceremonial event, symbolically represented the victory over destruction
and decadency, and at the same time
it represented persistency, a will for
communication, patience and imperturbability in reconstruction. This
was the symbol of a new beginning
in new millennium, symbol of hope
in new and better future, both for the
BH Telecom employees and citizens
of Sarajevo City.
Javne govornice
/ The public phones
147
PTT Inženjering
Pažnju u 2001. godini skrenuo je na sebe i integralni dio preduzeća
Telecom Inženjering. Ovaj sektor se bavi projektiranjem, proizvodnjom
i izgradnjom telekomunikacionih mreža i postrojenja. Svojim višegodišnjim radom u ovoj oblasti stekao je i očuvao reputaciju najkvalitetnije
organizacije ovog profila u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Opredjeljenje Telecom inženjeringa je da svojim kupcima nudi
usluge i proizvode najvišeg nivoa kvaliteta, smatrajući da kvalitet ne
predstavlja samo tehničku kategoriju nego i način razmišljanja i rada, te
sigurnu osnovu za daljnji razvoj i uspješno poslovanje. Shodno usvojenoj
politici kvaliteta, Telecom inženjering poduzima brojne aktivnosti kako
bi u potpunosti zadovoljio zahtjeve i očekivanja kupaca svojih proizvoda
i usluga. Ovakva politika pokazala se izuzetno uspješnom, te je ovaj
sektor od 03. jula 2001. godine postao zaslužni vlasnik certifikata, izdatog od strane Lloyd’s Registar Quality Assurance, za uspostavljeni
sistem upravljanja kvalitetom u skladu sa međunarodnim standardom
ISO 9001.
Vodeći se svojom utvrđenom vizijom menadžment Telecom
Inženjeringa je razvio i dokumentovao sistem koji obuhvatala sve glavne
148
Great efforts of management and professional offices in 2001,
were directed to a separation of postal and telecommunication activities
and founding of new enterprises. This big task was successfully conducted and the separation was performed on the 31st of December 2001.
This was conducted according to decision of the government of the
Federation BIH on the Plan of Reorganization of the Public Enterprise
PTT BIH on 2 legal entities: The Public Enterprise BH Post and The
Public Enerprise BH TELECOM.
Along with these activities, a unique business policy was conducted in parallel, which was characterized by the
implementation of modern technologies, constant
increase of service quality, periodic reduction of
prices and active participation in the activities of
international organizations.
The PTT Engineering
In 2001, the focus was shifted to integral part of
the enterprise the Telecom Engineering. This sector
has been responsible for the designing, production
and construction of telecommunication networks
and plants. With its multi–annual work in this
area, the Telecom Engineering gained reputation
of the most qualitative organization of this profile
in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Telecom Engineering’s objective was to
provide services to its customers and products of the
highest quality, having in mind that quality is not
represented solely by the technical category, but also
by the way of thinking and working, as well as by the
stable basis for further development and successful business. According
to adopted quality policy, the Telecom Engineering took over numerous
activities in order to satisfy the demands and expectations of its customers. This sort of policy proved to be very successful, and on the 3rd of
July 2001, this sector became owner of the certificate issued by Lloyd’s
Register Quality Assurance, for the established Quality Management
System in accordance with the international standard ISO 9001.
149
Sa prezentacije nove
mobilne satelitske usluge
/ At the prezentation of the
new mobile satellite service
procese, čiji se parametri permanentno kontroliraju. Kao rezultat takvog
načina razmišljanja i djelovanja,
proistekli su i pozitivni efekti iskazani
u službenoj ocjeni za preispitivanje
sistema kvaliteta: “Implementirani
sistem kvaliteta u izvještajnom periodu je održan i unaprijeđen, te kontinuirano prilagođavan potrebama
Telecom inženjeringa. Isti predstavlja
dobar alat menadžmentu za lakše upravljanje procesima, uočavanje problema i njihovo efikasnije otklanjanje.”
U 2003. godini postao je ovaj
sektor dobitnikom i međunarodne
nagrade za kvalitet “Zlatna zvijezda”.
Nominiran je i izabran da primi ovo
značajno priznanje od strane međunarodnog komiteta sastavljenog
od grupe kompanija i prestižnih profesionalaca, a dodjela priznanja je
obavljena u Ženevi, 27. oktobra 2003. godine. “Zlatna zvijezda” je treće
priznanje Telecom inženjeringu za uspješno implementirani sistem
upravljanja kvalitetom, nakon zlatnih medalja za kvalitet dobivenih u
Parizu 2002. godine i u Meksiku 2003. godine.
U društvu najmodernijih svjetskih
telekomunikacijskih korporacija
2001. godine pristupilo se primjeni Ericssonovog tzv. ENGINE modela, koji je omogućavao maksimalno iskorištavanje postojećih kapaciteta
fiksne mreže. Ovaj model je podrazumijevao određene intervencije na
dijelovima komutacija, čiji je efekat da signali i upravljanje idu preko
komutacija, a sam saobraćaj se ostvarivao direktno. U Sarajevu je u novembru 2001. instalirana i puštena u saobraćaj automatska telefonska
centrala EWSD tehnologije, kapaciteta 49.332 porta.
BH Telecom je u 2001. godini imao instalirane 353 komutacije i
to: 137 komutacija kao HOST, a 216 kao udaljeni stepen. Broj instaliranih priključaka je iznosio 570.362, od čega 563.682 POTS-a, a 6.680
150
Governed by its vision, the management of the Telecom
Engineering constructed and documented a system that includes all
major processes whose parameters are constantly monitored. As a result
of such an operation and thinking, positive effects resulted in official
evaluation for assessment of quality system: “An implemented quality
system was preserved and further upgraded during the report period,
and adapted to the needs of the Telecom Engineering. It represents a
good management tool for easier managing of processes, identifying
problems and solving them in efficient and professional manner.”
In 2003, this sector got the international award for quality “The
Golden Star”. It was nominated and chosen to receive this prestigious
award by the international committee comprised of a group of companies and prominent professionals, and the awarding took place in
Geneva on the 27th of October, 2003. “The Golden Star” is third acknowledgement of the Telecom Engineering for implemented Quality
Management System, after the golden medals for the quality obtained
in Paris in 2002, and in Mexico in 2003.
In the Company of Modern
Telecommunication Corporations
In 2001, the implementation of Ericsson’s ENGINE model began,
which enabled maximal utilization of existing capacities of fi xed network. This model implied certain interventions on parts of switching
systems, which directed the signals and managing through switching
systems, and the traffic itself was realized directly.
In November 2001, in Sarajevo, an automatic telephone exchange
of the EWSD technology with the capacity 49.332 ports was installed
and put into operation.
During 2001, the BH Telecom had 353 switching systems already
installed:137 switching systems as HOSTs, 216 as remote subscriber
switch units. The number of installed connections was 570.362 of which
563.682 POTSs and 6.680 ISDN connections. The number of activated
connections was 452.788 of which 450.433 POTSs and 2.355 ISDNs.
The aim of the construction of shallow network was to get closer to the
user by switching system, in order to reduce distance and create basic
technical preconditions for provision of wide–range services. With this
151
Obnovljena pošta – Obala
Sarajevo / Reconstructed
post building – Obala
Sarajevo
152
ISDN priključaka. Broj uključenih priključaka je iznosio 452.788,
od čega 450.433 POTS-a, a 2.355
ISDN-a.
Izgradnjom „plitke“ mreže cilj je bio bliže prići korisniku
usluge sa komutacionim sistemom,
kako bi se smanjila udaljenost
do korisnika i stvorili osnovni
tehnički preduvjeti za pružanje
šrikopojasnih usluga. Ovakvom
tehnološkom organizacijom mreže istovremeno se ostvarivao pozitivan efekat i u pogledu cijene
održavanja i iskorištenja kvaliteta
usluga za korisnika.
Sljedeći cilj s kojim se krenulo u ovoj godini bio je nastavak
digitalizacije. Do tada su jedino
regionalne direkcije u Mostaru i
Zenici izbacile elektromehaničke komutacije, dok je njihov postotak u Direkciji Zenica bio 21
%, a u Direkciji Sarajevo 16 %.
Digitalizacija komutacija u obimu 100 % bila je urađena jedino u Direkciji Goražde, dok je recimo u
Direkciji Sarajevo iznosila 58 % u 2001. godini.
Međunarodni saobraćaj se odvijao preko međunarodne centrale
MnC SA1 – EWDS i u funkciji je bilo 20 direktnih smjerova. (MnC
Sa2-AXE 10 je bila iskorištena u obimu 34 %, zbog nemogućnosti njenog rada u sistemu signalizacije No.7.)
Međumjesne veze ojačane su u proljeće 2001. godine puštanjem u
rad nove automatske telefonske centrale u Konjicu. To je bila najsavremenija Siemensova HOST centrala, tipa EWSD, vrijedna 2,5 mil DEM.,
koja je omogućavala 2.392 pretplatnička broja i 64 ISDN priključka.
Druge regionalne direkcije su također na svome terenu nastojale
da poboljšaju usluge i da korisnicima izađu u susret. Gradili su se objetki za smještaj telekomunikacijske opreme; mjesne pristupne mreže su se
i dalje širile; građeni su i optički spojni putevi, instalirane nove GSM
technological network organisation at the same time the positive effect was realised both regarding maintaining the price and utilisation of
service quality for users.
In 2001, the next aim was the continuation of digitalization.
Until then, only regional directorates in Mostar and Zenica had quit
using electro–mechanical switching systems, while their percentage in
the Directorate Zenica was 21%, and in the Directorate Sarajevo 16%.
The 100% digitalization of switching systems was only conducted in the
Directorate Gorazde, while the percentage in the Directorate Sarajevo
was 58% in 2001.
The international traffic was conducted through the international
exchange MnC SA1–EWDS, and 20 direct routes. (The usage of the
exchange MnC SA2 AXE10 was 34 %, due to impossibility of its work
in the signaling system No7.)
In the spring of 2001, long
distance connections were intensified with a new automatic telephone
exchange in Konjic. That was modern
SIEMENS HOST exchange, of the
EWSD type, worth 2,5 million DM,
which enabled 2.392 subscriber numbers and 64 ISDN connections.
Other regional directorates also
have tried to improve services and to
meet the users’ requirements. The facilities were built for the location of
telecommunication equipment; local
access network were further expanded; the optical connection lines were
constructed, new GSM base stations
were installed and a number of remote
subscribers modules were continuously installed; telephone exchanges were
expanded and the number of public
telephone booths was increasing.
The symbol of the growth and
improvement of telecommunications
was the event of putting into operation
153
Svečani koncert prilikom
otvaranja obnovljene
pošte Obala Sarajevo
/ Solemn Concert on the
occasion of opening of
reconstructed Post Obala
Sarajevo
bazne stanice, a nastavilo se instaliranje više isturenih pretplatničkih
modula; proširivane su telefonske centrale i povećavao se broj javnih
telefonskih govornica.
Tako su rast i razvoj telekomunikacija simbolično obilježeni u
Sarajevu 2001. godine puštanjem u rad hiljadite javne govornice.
Krenulo se u preuređenje GSM sistema, tako da je poslije pređene
faze prijenosa informacija i podataka stvorena pretpostavka za postepeno uvođenje GPRS, preko EDGE-a do UMTS-a ili prijelaz na tzv.
3G (treću generaciju u mobilnih komunikacija). Suština ovih pothvata
je bila da se u mobilnoj komunikaciji pruže sve usluge koje su dostupne
putem fiksne mreže i računarske terminalne opreme.
Dodjelom licence za operatora mobilne telefonije, 30. aprila 2001.
godine, za područje BiH od strane CRA BiH, dodatno je stimulisalo
proširenje kapaciteta i pokrivenosti teritorije signalom GSM BiH.
Razvoj mobilne mreže ide izuzetnim tempom:
• 2001. godine – MSC2S početnog kapaciteta 180K, BSC2E početnog
kapaciteta 850 TRU i BSC2S početnog kapaciteta 250 TRU, IN
PPS sistem kapaciteta 100 KBHC;
154
the 1000th public telephone booth in
Sarajevo in 2001.
Reorganization of the GSM
system began, thus upon the completion of the phase of information and
data transmission, conditions were
met for gradual introduction of the
GPRS, EDGE, UMTS or transition to 3G (third generation of mobile
communications). The aim of these
activities was to provide all services
in the mobile telephony, which are
available within the fi xed network
and computer terminal equipment.
The CRA BIH assigned a license for a mobile telephony operator
for the whole territory of BIH, on the 30th of April 2001, which stimulated the additional expansion of the capacity and territorial coverage of
the GSM signal.
A rapid development characterized the mobile network :
• The year 2001 – MSC2S with the initial capacity of 180K, BSC2E
with the initial capacity of 850 TRU and BSC2S with the initial
capacity 250 TRU, IN PPS system with the capacity of 100KBHC;
• The year 2002 – MSC2S with the initial capacity of 200K, BSC2E
with the initial capacity of 696 TRU and BSC2S with the initial
capacity of 250 TRU;
• The year 2004 – BSC4E with the initial capacity of 696 TRU.
Svečani prijem / Solemn
Reception
Služba PTT-a BiH koja je
pratila izvođenje radova
na rekonstrukciji
i adaptaciji Glavne pošte
/ Department of PTT
BiH which supervised
perfomance of construction
works related to
reconstruction of
Main Post office building
Thus, the capacity was almost
doubled with each following year
with parallel increase in the number
of users. The direction of development
of the mobile network progressed towards providing sufficient number of
GSM base stations, so that after the
second phase of 300.000 numbers it
was possible to move on to the next
600.000 in 2002.
The construction and modernization of the fi xed and mobile
155
• 2002. godine – MSC2S početnog kapaciteta 200K, BSC2E početnog kapaciteta
696 TRU i BSC2S početnog kapaciteta
250 TRU;
• 2004 godine – BSC4E početnog kapaciteta 696 TRU.
Kombinirani Node za
podršku GPRS / Combined
Node for GSM support
156
Tako se kapacitet mreže gotovo
udvostručuje svake naredne godine uz
istovremeno povećanje broja korisnika
u istom omjeru. Pravac razvoja mobilne
mreže išao je ka osiguravanju dovoljnog
broja GSM baznih stanica, pa se, poslije druge faze od 300.000 brojeva, moglo
ići na sljedećih ciljnih 600.000 brojeva u
toku 2002. godine.
Izgradnjom i modernizacijom fiksne i mobilne infrastukture stvarale su
se pretpostavke za uspostavljanje dva,
po svom značaju, izuzetna sistema, a to
su širokopojasni Internet i sistem multimedijalnih usluga. Ovo će se odraziti na
sinergijske efekte fiksne i mobilne mreže
što će za rezultat imati povećanje prihoda
koji nisu samo rezultat povećanja kapaciteta i uvođenja novih tehnologija.
I u 2001. godini je nastavljeno sa
daljnjim postepenim širenjem kapaciteta fiksne mreže, ali i planiranjem
i pripremom za realizaciju pilot projekta uvođenja širokopojasnog pristupa Internetu. Razvoj i pružanje usluga baziranih na ovoj tehnologiji
su prepoznati kao poslovna mogućnost, te su postali osnovna odrednica
razvoja BH Telecoma. Naredne godine ovi planovi su i realizirani, tj.
instalirana su prva dva xDSL koncentratora postavljena na dva najveća
čvorišta BH Telecoma u Sarajevu, gdje je lociran i procentualno najveći
broj korisnika Interneta. Ovo će olakšati i ubrzati aplikativnu primjenu telekomunikacijske infrastrukture i posebno Interneta u poslovne
svrhe.
Razvoj servisā koje koristi Internet (Business to buiness, Business to
government, Business to customer) predstavljali su razvoj tzv. EMB-a, a s
infrastructure have created conditions for the establishment of two exceptional systems: the broadband Internet and multimedia services system. This would reflect to synergic affects of fi xed and mobile network,
which resulted in increase of incomes that are not only the consequence
of expanded capacities and new introduced technologies.
Also during 2001, further gradual expansion of network capacity
was continued, as well as preparation for the realization of broadband
Internet access pilot project. The development and service provision
based on this technology were recognized as a business solution, therefore they have become a basic development determinant of the BH
Telecom. During the next year, all these projects were realized: the fi rst
two xDSL concentrators were installed and set up on two largest nodes
of the BH Telecom in Sarajevo, where the greatest number of the internet users was located. At the same time this contributed to easier and
faster implementation of telecommunication infrastructure and especially Internet for business purposes.
The development of services used by the Internet (Business to
Business, Business to Government, Business to Customer) represented,
on the one hand, the development of so called EMB (Electronic Mobile
Business), and on the other, with the EMB the conditions were met
for a development of small and medium firms on the basis of so called,
home business. This model was already tested in the world, and it was
also acceptable for the BH Telecom, thus in the future this trend would
be supported.
Plenarna skupština
PostEurop-a održana u
Sarajevu, oktobra 2001.
god., domaćin PTT BiH
/ PostEurop Plenary
Assembly held in Sarajevo,
October 2001, hosted by
PTT BiH
157
druge strane, s EMB-om su se stvarale pretpostavke za razvoj malih i
srednjih firmi, kao i firmi na bazi tzv. kućnog biznisa. Takav, u svijetu
već viđen i provjeren model, bio je prihvatljiv i za BH Telecom, te će se
ubuduće podržavati ovaj poslovni trend.
JP PTT saobraćaja će podržavati razne vrste pomoći naučnim,
kulturnim, sportskim i drugim aktivnostima, a posebno će 2001. godina biti obilježena i humanitarnim akcijama u kojima je JP PTT saobraćaja BiH nesebično učestvovao:
– 2000. godine formiran je bosansko-švajcarski fond za humanitarne
namjene;
– u januaru 2001. godine u Sarajevu je osnovan Fond za hendikepirana
lica; JP PTT saobraćaja BiH i Ericsson d.o.o. Sarajevo bili su inicijatori osnivanja Fonda, te dali početnih 140.000 DEM;
– data je podrška programu povratka Ministarstvu za izbjeglice i raseljena lica u iznosu od 350.000 KM;
– u julu 2001. godine PTT saobraćaja BIH uručena je Zlatna povelja
Internacionalne lige humanista, u znak zahvalnosti za pruženu potporu u radu ovoj međunarodnoj organizaciji;
– za podršku razvoja informatizacije društva donirana je ove godine informatička oprema, 76 računara, sa ruterima za priključak na
Internet i besplatnim šestomjesečnim radom za 12 škola u Federaciji
BiH;
158
The PTT BIH would support all kinds of assistance to scientific,
cultural, sport and other activities, and especially the year 2001, would
be marked with humanitarian activities in which the Public Enterprise
PTT BIH altruistically participated:
– In 2000, the Bosnian–Swiss Found for humanitarian activities was
founded;
– In January 2001, the Foundation for Disabled Persons was established in Sarajevo; the PTT BIH and Ericsson d.o.o. Sarajevo were
the initiators for the establishing of the fond, and they provided
140.000 DM;
– The program of return of displaced persons of the Ministry for
Refugees and Displaced Persons was supported with the amount of
350.000 DM;
– In July 2001, as a symbol of gratitude for provided assistance in its
work, The International League of Humanists awarder the PTT
BIH with the Golden Charter;
– In order to assist informatization of society, an informatics equipment
76 computers with routers for access to the Internet, as well as gratis
6 months operation were donated for 12 schools in the Federation;
– On the basis of the Federal Government’s decision, 40 million KM
were set aside from the PTT BIH’s realized income in 2000, for the
construction of the first section of the highway Sarajevo – Podlugovi
of 12 km length.
159
Delegacija BiH na
Plenarnoj skupštini
PostEurop-a / Delegation
of Bosnia and Herzegovina
at the PostEurop Plenary
Assembly
160
– na osnovu zaključka Vlade
Federacije, iz dobiti JP PTT saobraćaja BiH za 2000. godinu
izdovjeno je 40 miliona KM za
izgradnju prve dionice autoputa
Sarajevo – Podlugovi u dužini 12
km.
Pored poboljšanja kapaciteta, proširenja i usavršavanja
kvaliteta usluga, odgovorni u
BH Telecomu su bili svjesni da
je u novoj organizaciji potrebno
napraviti takav koncept poslovne
politike koji će ići ukorak sa svijetom, te istovremeno odgovarati
bosanskohercegovačkom društvu,
biti mu podrška, a i potpuno prihvaćen od strane zaposlenika koji su morali osjetiti odgovornost spram
sebe i onih kojima su neophodni. Prvenstvo nad kratkoročnim ciljevima
(goal approach) dato je metodu strateškog djelovanja (strategic behavior)
koji je na najbolji način odgovarao zadatim ciljevima i osiguravao stabilnost, mjerenu savremenim tempom promjena i prilagođavanja svjetskim
tehnološkim tokovima.
S obzirom na ubrzani rast svih kapaciteta i usluga, uvođenje
ekonomije razmjere kao poslovne filozofije, povećanje profitabilnosti
i finansijske samostalnosti Preduzeća, uspostavljanje pravila sistemskog djelovanja, te obezbjeđenje međunarodne revizije u cilju potvrde
rezultata poslovanja, bili su oni elementi novog koncepta poslovanja
koji nisu mogli ostati bez rezultata. Ali i projektiranje vlastitih osnova za informatičku podršku poslovanju, povećanje vrijednosti sistema
kao pripreme za predstojeću privatizaciju, trasiranje promjene kulture
sistema kroz postepeno uvođenje orijentacije ka marketingu, odnosno
korisniku, osiguranju sistema kvaliteta, obrazovanju itd, također su bile
bitne karakteristike kojima se trebao osigurati kvalitet, zadobiti poziciju
u odnosu na konkurenciju i, u širim razmjerama, steći ugled racionalnog
i planskog poslovanja.
Besides the quality improvement, expansion and perfecting of
services, responsible persons in the BH Telecom were aware that within
the new organization, a new concept of business policy was required.
This new concept had to be compatible with the world policies, and
also it had to be satisfactory to Bosnian–Herzegovinian society, as well
as completely accepted from the responsible employees. Priority over
goal approach was given to strategic behavior, which at the best way
responded in order to set objectives and provide stability, measured by
the modern pace of changes and adjustments to the world technological
trends.
Due to accelerated growth of all capacities and services, the introduction of the proportion economy as a business philosophy, the
increase of profitability and financial independence of the enterprise,
the establishing of systematic activity rules and provision of the international revision with the aim of certification of business results, were the
elements of new business concept which gave significant results. Also
the important characteristics were: designing of our own bases for informatics business support, the increase of system value as a preparation
for the forthcoming privatisation, determination of the culture system
change through gradual introduction of orientation towards marketing, in other words a user, insurance of the quality system, education,
etc. These characteristics were to insure the quality, establish a strong
position with regard to competition and win reputation of rational and
planned business conduct.
Ceremonija puštanja u
rad MPLS-a / Ceremony of
MPLS starting operation
161
Bilans uspjeha
(U hiljadama konvertibilnih maraka “KM”)
Bilješka
2001.
2000.
Domaći
321.849
269.473
Bruto međunarodni prihod
111.685
112.800
25.669
23.353
Prihodi od telekomunikacijskih usluga:
Prihodi od poštanskih usluga
Ostali prihodi
18.780
14.249
Ukupno prihodi
477.983
419.875
Operativni troškovi
(179.284)
(155.511)
Otpis potraživanja
(19.894)
(24.841)
(66.216)
(59.962)
(67.610)
(62.711)
(6.112)
(6.546)
(339.116)
(309.571)
138.867
110.304
Bruto međunarodni troškovi
Amortizacija
2.7
Ostali operativni troškovi
Ukupno operativni troškovi
Prihod od redovne djelatnosti
Prihod od kamata
2.747
595
35
1.754
1.893
5.793
(916)
(1.200)
Neto ostali finansijski prihod
Neto prihod od tečajnih razlika
15
Trošak kamata
Ukupno finansijski prihod, neto
Dobit prije poreza na dobit
Porez na dobit
Neto dobit
16
3.759
6.942
142.626
117.246
(20.884)
(9.063)
121.742
108.183
Raspodjela neto dobiti:
Dio dobiti za reinvestiranje
32.264
27.188
Dio dobiti za isplatu vlasnika kapitala
24.000
–
Dio dobiti raspoređen u vlasnički kapital
65.478
–
–
80.995
121.742
108.183
Zadržana dobit
Bilješke uz finansijske izvještaje čine sastavni dio ovih izvještaja i trebaju se posmatrati zajedno
sa ovim finansijskim izvještajima.
162
Statements of Income
(In thousands of Convertible Marks “KM”)
Note
2001
2000
Domestic
321.849
269.473
Gross International Revenues
111.685
112.800
25.669
23.353
Revenue from Telecommunications Services:
Revenues Postal Services
Other Revenues
18.780
14.249
Total Revenues
477.983
419.875
Operating Costs
(179.284)
(155.511)
(19.894)
(24.841)
(66.216)
(59.962)
(67.610)
(62.711)
(6.112)
(6.546)
(339.116)
(309.571)
138.867
110.304
Write-off of Accounts Receivable
Gross International Expenses
Depreciation
2.7
Other Operating Expenses
Total Operating Expenses
Income from Operations
Interest Income
2.747
595
35
1.754
1.893
5.793
(916)
(1.200)
Other Financial Income
Net Foreign Exchange Income
15
Interest Expense
Total Net Financial Income
3.759
6.942
Income before Income Taxes
142.626
117.246
(20.884)
(9.063)
121.742
108.183
Part of net profit for reinvestment
32.264
27.188
Dividends paid
24.000
–
Part of net profit distributed to state capital
65.478
–
–
80.995
121.742
108.183
Income Taxes
Net Income
16
Retained earnings
The Notes to the financial statements form an integral part of, and should be read in conjuction
with these financial statements.
163
J.P. BH Telecom - Sarajevo
Izgradnja mjesnih mreža
/ Instalation of access
network
164
U novu, 2002. godinu, 7. januara, sektor telekomunikacija ulazi kao
samostalno Javno preduzeće BH Telecom – Sarajevo, sa tri hiljade
zaposlenika. Već u početku kompaniju obilježavaju nizak nivo zaduženosti, razvijena tehnološka infrastruktura u svim mrežama i vlastiti
ljudski i stručni potencijal. Poslovna politika BH Telecoma je nastavak
dobro promišljene i uspješne politike JP PTT saobraćaja BiH.
U tom smislu je 2002. godine izgrađena prva (IP) MAN mreža na području
Sarajeva, koja je realizirana korištenjem
resursa optičke mreže, uz odabir prstenaste topologije i sa ehternet tehnologijom.
Ovakvo rješenje se pokazalo kao izuzetno
pouzdano i bilo je dobar primjer za realizaciju sličnih mreža koje će biti implementirane i u drugim bosanskohercegovačkim
centrima.
U radio-dijelu su instalirane 92 bazne
stanice, od čega čak 45 na novim lokacijama u Republici Srpskoj i Hercegovini, što
predstavlja povećanje od oko 75 % u odnosu na ukupni kapacitet koji je postojao do
sredine 2001. godine (140 baznih stanica).
Mada su i ranije postojali tehnički preduvjeti za kvalitetnije povezivanje operatora
unutar BiH (pripremljeni optički kablovi),
do međuoperatorskog rada na komercijalnoj
osnovi između JP BH Telecoma i Telekoma
Srpske je došlo u aprilu 2002. godine.
Daljnji razvoj u fiksnoj mreži postignut je uz visok stepen digitalizaije komutacija, te je sa ranijih 54 % povećan na preko 67 %. Broj malih korisnika usluga mreže za prijenos
podataka je povećan za 24 %, i iznosio je 630. 849 priključaka.
Krajem 2002. godine BH Telecom je imao 426 ukupno instaliranih komutacija sa 630.849 priključaka (9.884 su ISDN priključci), od
toga 489.002 uključenih priključaka (3.888 su ISDN priključci), stepen
digitalizacije ukupno instaliranih komutacija – 77 %.
Public Enterprise BH Telecom –
Sarajevo
On the 7th of January 2002, the telecommunication sector officially
became the Public Enterprise BH Telecom – Sarajevo with 3000 employees. At the very beginning the company was characterized by low level of
debt, advanced technological infrastructure in all networks and its own
personnel and professional potential. Business policy of the BH Telecom
has been the continuation of successful policy of the PTT BIH.
Thus, in 2002, the first (IP) MAN network was built in Sarajevo
area which was realised by exploitation of the optical network resources,
with the selection of ring topology and with ethernet technology. This
solution proved to be extremely reliable and was a good example for the
realisation of the similar networks which would
be implemented in other Bosnian–Herzegovinian
centers.
In the radio section, 92 basic stations were
installed, of which 45 at new locations of the
Republic of Srpska and in Herzegovina which
represents the increase of 75% with regard to total
capacity until the mid 2001 (140 basic stations).
Although the technical preconditions for the
better operator connection within BiH (prepared
optical cables) were earlier met, the capacities on
commercial base between the BH Telecom and
Telekom Srpske started with inter–operator operation in April 2002.
The high level of digitalization of switching systems was realised, thus the earlier 54 %
was increased to 67 %. The number of dial–up
users of data transmission network services was
increased for 24 % and the total number of connections was 630.849.
By the end of 2002, the BH Telecom had
426 installed switching systems with 630.849
connections (9.884 were ISDN connections), of
which 489.002 activated connections (3.888 were
Javna govornica NORTEL
– Netas / Public telephone
booth NORTEL – Netas
165
Direkcija
Bihać Goražde
Mostar Sarajevo
Travnik
Tuzla
Zenica Ukupno
Instalirano
67
25
51
238
51
67
95
594
Iskorišteno
35
7
32
187
26
51
50
388
2001/2002
52%
28%
63%
79%
51%
76%
53%
65%
Za odvijanje telekomunikacijskog saobraćaja u fiksnoj mreži u
2002. godini je u funkciji bilo 48.583 vodova kao i 1.591 2M-bitnih grupa na HOST-ovima, te 1.267 2M-bitne grupe sa udaljenih stupnjeva.
Međunarodni saobraćaj se odvija preko međunarodne centrale
MnC SA 1-EWSD, sa znatno povećanim brojem vodova.
Za magistralni saobraćaj raspoloživi su još i kapaciteti MnC SA2AXE 10 i nove centrale MnC SA-EWSD.
Istovremeno je nastavljen razvoj BIHPAK i BIHNET mreža.
Broj malih korisnika BIHNET paketske mreže iznosio je 24.528, a
BIHPAK-a 463 (Frame Relay 266 korisnika i X.25 – 201 korisnik).
Jedan od najvećih uspjeha BH Telecoma u 2002. godini je povećanje broja pretplatnika GSMBiH mreže od 100 %, uz povećan kapacitet komutacije koji je, na kraju godine, iznosio 600.000 priključaka.
To je, dakle, proširenje za 300.000 novih priključaka, sa procesorom
koji omogućava daljnje proširenje do milion novih priključaka. Postpaid korisnika je bilo 150.466, a pre-paid korisnika 247.204. Roaming se
ostvarivao sa 110 operatora iz 55 država.
Projekat uvođenja tzv. reinžinjeringa poslovnih procesa ili kompjuteriziranog računovodstvenog sistema SAP je također jedan od kapitalnih projekata BH Telecoma, koji je započet septembra 2002. godine
166
ISDN connections), the digitalization
degree of installed switching systems
was 77 %.
For the conduct of the telecommunication traffic within fi xed network
in 2002, there were 48.583 functional
lines as well as 1.591 2Mb groups at
HOSTs, and 1.267 2Mb groups with
remote subscriber switch units.
The international traffic was
conducted through international exchange MnC SA1–EWSD with significantly increased number of lines.
For the transit traffic the available
capacities were MnCSA2–AXE and
new exchanges MnC SA–EWSD.
At the same time the development of BIHNET and BIHPAK
networks was continued. The number
1999.
2000.
2001.
2002.
of dial–up users of BIHNET’s packet
instalirani
network was 24.528, and BIHPAK’s
priključci
80.000 290.000 290.000 600.000
was 463 (266 users of Frame Relay
post paid
52.607
93.386 139.565 150.466
and X.25 – 201 users).
pre paid
24.500
93.696 247.204
One of the greatest accomplishuključeni
ments of the BH Telecom in 2002,
priključci
52.607 117.886 233.261 397.670
was the increase in the number of users
razlika
27.393 172.114
56.739 202.330
of the GSMBIH network for 100%,
procenat
with increased number of subscribiskorištenosti
ers 600.000 – therefore, the switchkapaciteta
65,8%
40,7%
80,4%
66,3%
ing system capacity was increased for
300.000 of new connections, with
processor that ensures the extension
Pokazatelji razvoja
up to one million of new connections. The total number of post–paid
razvijenosti mobilne
users was 150.466, and of pre–paid users were 247.204.
mreže / Growth indicator
The roaming was realized with 110 operators from 55 countries.
of the mobile network
development
The Project of introduction of reengineering of business processes,
the computerized accounting system SAP, was also one of the major
projects of the BH Telecom which started in September 2002 and was
successfully implemented. Thus the business processes within the com167
i koji je uspješno implementiran. Na taj način su stvoreni preduslovi za konsolidiranje poslovnih procesa
unutar firme i uspostavljanje njihove kontrole uvođenjem interne revizije.
Za BH Telecom jedan od značajnih datuma bio
je 1. april 2002. godine, kada je ovo preduzeće postalo
vlasnik licence za pružanje Internet usluga na period
od 10 godina.
Širenje mreže kao i kapaciteta kojima se raspolagalo, te stalno rastući broj korisnika koji su koristili
specifične palete usluga koje su nuđene, kao i izuzetno
zahtjevno tržište, prinudili su Preduzeće da krene u proces prestrukturiranja. To je rezultiralo objedinjavanjem cjeline koja se bavi planiranjem,
održavanjem i eksploatacijom na nivo direkcije. Ovakva organizaciona
transformacija bila je pravi poslovni potez i jedan od osnovih generatora
daljnjeg uspješnog razvoja.
Uspješan razvoj BH Telecoma nastavljen je i u 2003. godini.
Tokom te godine BH Telecom je imao 454 instalirane komutacije (98
HOST-ova i 356 udaljenih stepena, sa ukupno 648.527 instaliranih i
509.094 iskorištenih priključaka) i procentom digitalizacije od 86,3%,
dok su prijenosni sistemi digitalizirani čak 100%. Važno je istaknuti da
od 509.094 iskorištena priključka čak 456.802 koriste fizička, a 45.936
pravna lica. Međunarodni saobraćaj se odvijao preko dvije međunarodne centrale putem direktnih vodova sa 19 država.
Daljnji razvoj telekomunikacijskih
kapaciteta
U 2003. godini u funkciju je u fiksnoj mreži uključen IN čvor koji omogućava pružanje novih usluga korisnicima. Na IN platformi implementirana su tri NTS servisa.
– freephone – usluga besplatnog poziva (FPH),
– premium rate – usluga posebne tarife (PRM),
– televoting – usluga telefonskog glasanja (VOT).
Freephone i premium rate su eksploataciji od oktobra 2002. godine,
a televoting je komercijalno pušten u septembru 2003. godine.
168
pany were consolidated and their control
was established by introduction of internal
revision.
One of the important dates for the
BH Telecom was the 1st of April 2002,
when this enterprise became the owner of
license for the internet service provision for
the period of 10 years. The network and
capacity expansion, the growing number
of users who utilize specific provided services as well as very demanding market,
forced the enterprise to start the process of
restructuring. This resulted in the integration of a unit, which deals
with planning, maintenance and exploitation, at the directorate level.
This organizational transformation was the right business move and one
of the basic generators of further successful development.
The successful development of the BH Telecom was continued in
2003. During that year, the BH Telecom had 454 installed switching
systems (98 HOSTs and 356 remote subscriber switch units, with total 648.527 installed and 509.094 used connections) and digitalization
percent of 86,3%, while transmission systems were digitalized 100%. It
is important to emphasize that 509.094 used connections, 456.802 was
used by private customers and 45.936 by business customers.
The international traffic was conducted through 2 international
exchanges by direct lines with 19 countries.
Proces edukacije
zaposlenika je stalan
/ Process of education of
employes is permanent
Further Growth of Telecommunication
Capacities
In 2003, within the fi xed network the IN node was activated which
enabled provision of new services to users. At IN platform 3 NTS services were implemented.
– freephone – free call service (FPH),
– premium rate – premium rate service (PRM),
– televoting – televoting service (VOT).
Freephone and premium rate have been in use from October 2002,
and televoting was commercially activated in September 2003.
169
Svečanost prilikom
puštanja u rad 1000 javne
govornice / Ceremony on
the occasion of putting into
operation of the 1000th
public telephone booth
170
Tokom 2003. BH Telecom je uveo novih 41 telefonsku govornicu sa automatskom
naplatom (tasan govornice), tako da je krajem te godine u funkciji bilo ukupno 1.549
takvih govornica.
U saobraćaju mobilne mreže pušteno je u rad 65 novih baznih stanica (9 u
Sarajevu, 5 u Tuzli, 4 u Zenici, 14 u Bihaću,
2 u Travniku, 3 u Goraždu, 8 u Mostaru, 14
na prostoru Republike Srpske i 6 na prostoru
koji operatorski pokriva HT d.o.o. Mostar),
pa se saobraćaj odvijao preko ukupno 246
baznih stanica i tri komutacije ukupnog kapaciteta 740.000 pretplatnika. Ukupan broj
korisnika mobilne mreže krajem 2003. dostigao je brojku od 696.703 instalirana, od
čega 515.272 aktivna korisnika. Sklopljeno je 17 novih komercijalnih
ugovora o roamingu.
Saobraćaj u paketskoj mreži odvijao se preko centra u Sarajevu i
rutera smještenih u šest regionalnih direkcija BH Telecoma.
Prva polovina 2003. godine obilježena je novom BIHNET-ovom
stranicom, a u okviru servisne mreže je podignut tucows server. Sve izraženije potrebe i zahtjevi korisnika dalje su nalagali planiranje širokopojasne pristupne mreže, kao i usluga baziranih na njoj. Krajem 2003.
broj aktivnih korisnika Interneta (BIHNET-a) bio je 34.213 korisnika.
Ubrzani porast korisnika i njihovih potreba nalagao je projektiranje novog sistema koji bi značajno unaprijedio performanse ovog osnovnog i
najkorištenijeg Internet servisa.
U tom smislu, uspostavljen je mrežni operativni centar namijenjen
praćenju kvaliteta usluga za velike korisnike BH Telecoma, za otklanjanje kvarova, i svim vidovima tehničke pomoći. Značajni pomaci su
zabilježeni i u kvalitetu rada help-deska najmijenjenog podršci malim,
dial-up korisnicima.
Rastuće potrebe za prijenosom podataka, GSM-om, i pružanje
ostalih usluga, pred mrežu sistema prijenosa postavljale su potpuno
druge zahtjeve. Već od 2003. godine planiraju se i uvode u mreži SDH
uređaji nove generacije koji imaju mehanizme koji su omogućavali istovremeno postojanje egzistirajućih i novih servisa na istoj mreži bez međusobnog ometanja.
During 2003, the BH Telecom introduced 41 telephone booths with automatic
charge (tasan payphones), so that at the end
of the year, totally 1.549 of such telephone
booths were functional.
In the mobile network traffic 65
new base stations were put into operation
(9 in Sarajevo, 5 in Tuzla, 4 in Zenica, 14
in Bihac, 2 in Travnik, 3 in Gorazde, 8 in
Mostar, 14 on the territory of the Republic
of Srpska, and 6 on the area covered by HT
d.o.o. Mostar), so the traffic was conducted
through 246 base stations and 3 switching
systems with the overall capacity of 740.000
subscribers. The total number of mobile network users at the end of 2003, reached the
number of 696.703, of which 515.272 active
users. 17 new commercial agreements on
roaming were concluded.
The traffic within packet–switched network was conducted
through a center and router located in 6 regional directorates of the BH
Telecom.
Puštanje u rad optičkog
spojnog puta BiH–
Hrvatska ispod Save
/ Optical connection line
Bosnia and Herzegovina
– Croatia under the Sava
River
171
Dioničko društvo BH Telecom Sarajevo
Montaža GSM antena
1800 MHz / Installation
of the 1800 MHz GSM
antennas
172
Godinu 2004. BH Telecom je započeo kao Javno preduzeće da bi
od 12. marta, okončavši krajem 2003. godine započete aktivnosti na
transformaciji preduzeća, nastavio poslovanje kao Dioničko društvo
BH Telecom. Već 4. maja 2004. održana je Prva skupština dioničara.
Iste je godine podijeljena dividenda vlasnicima iz dobiti za 2003. godinu u iznosu od 90 miliona KM, a 2005. godine dioničarima je podijeljena dividenda od dobiti za 2004. godinu u iznosu od 100 miliona
KM. Kao odgovor na pozitivne reakcije i tražnju tržišta za uslugama
razvijenim na širokopojasnoj pristupnoj mreži, cijela 2004. godina je bila
posvećana daljnjem širenju ove platforme kao i pripremama za naredne
faze koje će dovesti do prestrukturiranja cijele mreže za prijenos podataka, što je uvjetovano očekivanim
porastom opterećenja koje generiraju
širokopojasni korisnici. U ovoj godini
je izgrađen nukleus sistema koji će biti
okosnica daljeg rasta BH Telecoma.
U fiksnoj mreži je nastavljen
trend povećanja stepena digitalizacije
instaliranih kapaciteta sa 77,1 % na
kraju 2003, na preko 85,5 % na kraju
2004. godine. Krajem ove godine BH
Telecom d.d. je imao 491 instalirane
komutacije, i to 75 komutacija kao
hostovi, a 416 kao udaljeni stepeni. U
poređenju sa 2001. godinom broj hostova je smanjen za 62, dok je istovremeno povećan broj udaljenih stepena
za 200, što je, uz prikazani stepen
povećanja digitalizacije komutacija,
očit dokaz realizacije ciljeva, čime će
se smanjiti broj čvorova u mreži.
The first half of 2003 was marked with new BIHNET website and
within the service–network the tucows server was started up. Greater
user’s demands and requirements dictated planning of wide range access
network, as well as services based on it. At the end of 2003, the number
of the active Internet users (BIHNET) was 34.213 users. The accelerated increase of users and their demands dictated designing of a new
system which would significantly improve performances of this basic
and widely used Internet service.
In regard to this, the new network operation center was established for the monitoring of the service quality for leased–line users of
the BH Telecom for repair work, and all aspects of technical assistance.
A significant progress was recorded in the quality of help–desk operation designed as a support to dial–up users.
Greater requirements for data transmission, the GSM, and service provision set up new demands for the transmission network system. From 2003 the new generation devices are introduced in the SDH
network, with the mechanisms which enabled the coexistence of the
present and the new service without inter–disturbance.
173
Osnivačka skupština
dioničara BH Telecom
d.d. Sarajevo / Founding
assembly of the shareholder
company BH Telecom d.d.
– Sarajevo
Broj korisnika u fiksnoj mreži krajem 2004. godine iznosio je
691.604 instaliranih, od čega 534.260 iskorištenih priključaka. Na nivou BH Telecoma napravljen je daljnji pomak u smanjenju broja dvojnih priključaka. Cilj je bio u najkraćem mogućem periodu ukinuti sve
dvojne priključke, kako bi svi korisnici usluga BH Telecoma bili jednaki
kad su u pitanju osnovne, odnosno dodatne usluge. Krajem 2004. bilo
je 42.060 dvojnika u radu, što čini 8% od ukupno uključenih korisnika.
Direkcije Mostar i Goražde nisu imale dvojnika, a u ostalim direkcijama procent dvojnika je bio: Tuzla 16%, Travnik 9,8%, Zenica 10,7%,
Bihać 3,4% i Sarajevo 2,5%.
Za odvijanje saobraćaja u fiksnoj mreži u funkciji je bilo 45.053
vodova kao i 1.827 2M-bitnih grupa na hostovima, te 1.780 2M-bitnih
grupa na udaljenim stepenima.
U 2004. godini pušteno je u rad 91 novih tasan govornica, a deinstalirano ih je 98, što znači smanjenje za 7 u odnosu na 2003. godinu.
Smanjenje broja govornica u odnosu na kraj prethodne godine ostvareno je u gotovo svim direkcijama, izuzev direkcije Sarajevo, gdje se
broj govornica povećao za 14 i direkcije Travnik gdje se broj govornica
povećao za 1. Ukupan broj javnih govornica koje su krajem 2004. bile u
radu iznosio je 1.542.
174
Joint Stock Company BH Telecom
– Sarajevo
The year 2004 the BH Telecom started operation as the Public Enterprise
and from the 12th of March it continued operation as the Joint Stock
Company BH Telecom. On the 4th of May 2004, the First Stockholders
Assembly was held. In the same year, the first dividend was allocated to
stockholders from the realized profit, in amount of 90 million KM in
2003 and in 2005, the dividend from the realized profit, in amount of
100 million KM in 2004 was allocated.
As a response to positive reactions and demands for services developed at broadband access network, the entire 2004 was dedicated
to further expansion of this platform as well as arrangements for next
phases that would lead to restructuring of the entire data transmission
network, which is conditioned by the expected load increase generated
by the broadband users. In that year the nucleus of the system was constructed which would be a backbone for the further development of the
BH Telecom.
Within the fi xed network the trend of increase of digitalization
degree of installed capacities was continued from 77.1% at the end of
2003 to over 85.5% at the end of 2004. At the end of that year, BH
Telecom d.d. had 491 installed switching systems, of which 75 switching systems as HOSTs and 416 as remote subscriber switching units.
When compared with 2001, the number of HOSTs was reduced for 62
while, at the same time, the number of the remote switching units was
increased for 200, which together with presented degree of digitalization increase of switching units was the evident proof of the realisation
of the aims, by means of which the number of nodes in the network
would be reduced.
The number of users in the fi xed network at the end of 2004 was
691.604 of installed connections of which 534.260 used connections.
At the BH Telecom level the further progress was made in a reduced
number of two–party lines. The aim was to cancel all two–party lines,
so that all users of the BH Telecom services would be equal when basic
and additional services are concerned. At the end of 2004, the number
of two–party lines was 42.060 which was 8% of the total number of
active users. The directorates Mostar and Gorazde did not have two–
175
Mobilna
2001.
2002.
2003.
Pl. 2004.
I-XII 2004.
2
3
4
5
6
7(6/3)
8(6/4)
9(6/5)
INSTALISANI
290.000
600.000
740.000
950.000
990.000
165
134
104
Postpaid-aktiv.
139.565
116.467
105.605
132.722
98.570
85
93
74
1
Prepaid-aktiv.
INDEKS
93.696
247.204
409.667
612.307
551.000
223
134
90
233.261
363.671
515.272
745.029
649.570
179
126
87
Razlika
56.739
236.329
224.728
204.971
340.430
144
151
166
% isk.kapac.
80,4%
60,6%
69,6%
78,4%
61,4%
108
94
84
UKLJUČENI
Odnos instaliranih
i iskorištenih kapaciteta
Međunarodni saobraćaj se odvijao preko dvije međunarodne centrale MnC SA1 i MnC SA2, putem direktnih smjerova sa 19 država
preko 3.657 vodova.
Magistralni i međuoperatorski saobraćaj se odvijao preko istih
komutacija MnC SA1 i MnC SA2. Broj vodova na magistralnoj ravni
zabilježio je rast od 129 voda, a međuoperatorske veze unutar BiH su
proširene za 62 voda.
U saobraćaju mobilne mreže u 2004. godini puštene su u rad 43
nove bazne stanice, od kojih je u Republici Srpskoj pušteno u rad 17,
a na teritoriji koju operatorski pokriva HTP Mostar 11 baznih stanica, tako da se saobraćaj odvijao preko ukupno 389 baznih stanica i tri
176
party lines and in other directorates the percentage of two–party lines
was: Tuzla 16%, Travnik 9,8%, Zenica 10,7%, Bihac 3,4%, and Sarajevo
2,5%.
For traffic conduct in the fi xed network 45.053 lines were functional and 1,827 2Mb groups at HOSTs, as well as 1.780 2Mb groups
at remote subscriber switch units.
In 2004, 91 new telephone booths (tasan payphones) were put
into operation and 98 were dismantle which represented a decrease by 7
when compared to 2003. Decrease in number of payphones with regard
to the end of the previous year was realized in almost all directorates
except in the Directorate Sarajevo, where the number of payphones increased for 14, and the Directorate Travnik where the number of payphones was increased for 1. The total number of public payphones which
were functional by the end of 2004 was 1.542.
The international traffic was conducted through 2 international
exchanges MnC SA1 and MnC SA2 by direct routes with 19 countries
through 3.657 lines.
The transit and inter–operator traffic was conducted through the
same switching systems MnC SA1 and MnC SA2. The number of lines
at transit plane was increased for 129 lines, and inter–operator connections within BiH were increased for 62 lines.
And the mobile network traffic in 2004, 43 new base stations
were put into operation of which in the Republic of Srpska 17 were activated and on the territory which was covered by HTP Mostar 11 base
stations were activated, thus the traffic
was conducted through 389 base stations and 3 switching systems with the
capacity of 990.000 subscribers. The
overall number of the mobile network
users at the end of 2004, within the
system was 781.962 (169.462 postpaid and 612.500 prepaid), of which
649.570 active users (98.570 postpaid
and 551.000 prepaid). In the mobile
telephone network the IN node was
functional. The roaming traffic was
conducted with 61 countries, in other
words, with 129 operators.
ISDN terminal
/ ISDN Terminal
177
komutacije kapaciteta ukupno 990.000 pretplatnika. Ukupan broj korisnika mobilne mreže krajem 2004. godine iznosio je u sistemu 781.962
(169.462 post-paid i 612.500 pre-paid), od čega aktivnih 649.570 korisnika (98.570 post-paid i 551.000 pre-paid). U mobilnoj telefonskoj mreži u funkciji je IN čvor. Roaming saobraćaj se odvijao sa 61 državom,
odnosno sa 129 operatora.
BH Telecom je dobio obnovljenu GSM licencu Regulatorne agencije za komunikacije - RAK za narednih 10 godina.
U paketskoj mreži saobraćaj se odvijao preko centra smještenog u
Sarajevu i rutera smještenih u regionalnim direkcijama, kao i u 2003.
godini. Pristup malih internet korisnika se odvijao preko 3.286 pristupnih tačaka – DIALUP. Broj malih internet korisnika iznosio je krajem
2004. godine 42.560.
xDSL tehnologija
DSLAM uređaji su vezani u ATM, odnosno u ehternet mrežu u
Sarajevu. Sistem ima jednu centralnu tačku na kojoj terminiraju sve
xDSL konekcije, BRAS server povezan sa Radius bazom korisnika.
Osnovni kvalitet ovako izgrađenog sistema bio je u punom korištenju
svih prednosti postojećih biling sistemā koji je web orijentiran i pružao
je mogućnosti web autentifikacije korisnika, promjene lične lozinke, ali
i pregleda detaljnog izvještaja o konekcijama.
Sredinom 2004. godine završene su sve aktivnosti oko finalizacije
projekta mail-sistema, koji je realiziran sa 100 % redundansom, antivirus
i antispam zaštitom. Ovaj je sistem
postao jedno od najboljih i najpouzdanijih rješenja u okruženju.
Najbolji pokazatelji napora i
želja da se udovolji potrebama suvremenog življenja i poslovanja bio je,
svakako, stalni rast korisnika i prihoda ostvarenih prodajom usluga mobilne mreže. Sve ove godine postojanja
ove tehnološke platforme porast je
bio preko 20 % na godišnjoj osnovi,
što istovremeno iskazuje, s jedne stra178
The
BH
Telcom
have
gained renewed GSM license
from the Regulatory Agency for
Communications – for the following
10 years.
Within the packet network
the traffic was conducted through
the center located in Sarajevo and
the routers located in the regional
directorates, the same as in 2003.
The access of dial–up internet users
was conducted through 3.286 access
points – DIALUP. The number of
the dial–up internet users at the end
of 2004, was 42.560.
The xDSL Technology
Centar za nadzor
i upravljanje
/ The Center for
Telecommunication
Management Network
The DSLAM devices were connected with ATM, in other words to
ethernet network in Sarajevo. The system had one central point to which
all xDSL connections were terminated, and BRAS server was connected with Radius user base. The basic quality of the system built like
this, was in the full utilization of all advantages of the existing billing
system which was web oriented and which provided a possibility of user
web authentication, change of password and as well as detailed review
of connection reports.
In the mid of 2004, all activities regarding finalization of the mail
system project were completed and the project was realised with 100%
redundancy, antivirus and anti–spam protection. This system became
one of the best and the most reliable solutions in the area.
The best indicators of efforts and desires to meet demands of contemporary life and business activities certainly was a constant growth
of users and incomes realised by the sale of mobile network services.
During all these years of the existence of this technological platform,
the increase was over 20% per year what represents, at one hand, still
underdeveloped market and at the other, a perspective, offered by the
future development of business activities and planed future working
guidelines.
179
Podrška korisnicima
/ Customer care
ne, još nerazvijeno tržište, a sa druge
strane, perspektivnost koje ono nudi u
daljnjem razvoju poslovanja i planiranja budućih smjernica rada.
Zavisno od porasta broja korisnika, strukture mreže i zahtjeva
tržišta, kontinuirano su proširivani i
kapaciteti čvorova, a poboljšavane su i
softverske mogućnosti za razvoj mobilne mreže, kao i uvođenje novog pristupa kroz uvođenje servisne mreže.
Početak takvog pristupa predstavljalo
je uvođenje GPRS čvora u jezgro mreže i elemenata infrastrukture servisne mreže.
Konfiguracija fiksne mreže, radi veće pouzdanosti, napravljena je
sa tandem međunarodnim centralama i djelomično tandem tranzitnolokalnim centralama (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Zenica i Bihać).
Mreža je dimenzionirana tako da se saobraćajno opterećenje što ravnomjernije rasporedi, kako u međunarodnom, tako i nacionalnom saobraćaju.
To je proces koji će se završiti sa izmjenom postojećih analognih sistema.
U završnoj fazi je instalacija i puštanje u rad STP-ova u Sarajevu
i Zenici. Ovim je napravljen veliki pomak u pogledu kapaciteta i sigurnosti signalizacione mreže BH Telecoma.
Sve aktivnosti izgradnje i rekonstukcije pristupne mreže BH
Telecoma su se izvodile sa ciljem stvaranja preduvjeta za prijenos širokopojasnih signala.
Izgradnja prenosne backbone
informatičke magistrale
Akcenat izgradnje sistema prijenosa u periodu 2001 – 2005. bio je na
izgradnji i puštanju u rad magistralnih i međunarodnih kapaciteta kao i
lokalnih kapaciteta gdje god je trebalo pružiti telekomunikacione usluge
korisnicima, obezbijediti kapacitet sistema prijenosa za potrebe GSM-a
BH Telecoma i drugih licenciranih operatora, usluga prijenosa podataka, iznajmljivanja kapaciteta velikim korisnicima, kao i potreba interkonekcije. Najvažniji su sljedeći:
180
R. br.
Vrsta usluge
2001
2002
2003
Plan
2004
I –XII
2004
3
4
5
6
4.896.368
5.322.341
5.698.841
6.078.276
INDEKS
7
7:5
8
7:6
9
5.715.889
100
94
102
96
1
2
1.1.
Fiksna impulsi
1.2.
NTS –min-pos.tarifa
2.1.
GSM –min -postpaid
2.2.
SMSporuke -postpaid
76.147
2.3.
SMSporuke -prepaid
425.000
3.1.
BIHNET
3.2.
BIHPAK K-segmenti
1.304
108.782
24.716
137.503
72.597
151.465
161.390
154.167
457.637
584.497
507.619
111
87
107.640
132.570
173.443
161
131
Ostvarenje fizičkog obima usluga po mrežama (u 000).
Depending on the increase of the number of users, network structure and market demands, the capacities of nodes were continuously
expanded and software possibilities for the improvement of the mobile
network as well as the introduction of new access through introduction
of service network were improved. The beginning of such access was the
introduction of the GPRS nodes in the networks center and infrastructure elements of service network.
The configuration of the fi xed network in order to achieve greater
reliability was made with tandem international exchanges and partly
tandem transit local exchanges (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Zenica, and Bihac).
The network was constructed so that the traffic load was fairly
distributed, both in international and national traffic. This process
would end with a change of the existing analogue systems.
The installation and putting into
operation of STPs in Sarajevo and
Zenica were in the final phase. Thus
the great progress was made in terms
of capacities and security of signaling
network of the BH Telecom.
All activities of construction and
reconstruction of the BH Telecom’s
access network were conducted with
the aim of creating preconditions for
broadband signal transmission.
Međunarodna centrala
/ International exchange
181
Rad na pristupnoj mreži
/ Construction work on the
access network
182
1. Izgrađen je 2,5 Gbit/s sistem prijenosa Sarajevo – Zenica – Tuzla
- Sarajevo po optičkom kablu sa 155 Mbit/s zaštitom RR sistemima prijenosa;
2. Izgrađen je 2,5 Gbit/s sistem prijenosa Sarajevo – Konjic
– Mostar;
3. Izgrađen je 2,5 Gbit/s sistem prijenosa Brka – Osijek sa položenim
optičkim kablom ispod korita rijeke Save (Brka - Gunja) za dirketnu vezu BH Telecom – HT Zagreb,
4. Pušten je u eksplotaciju 155 Mbit/s i 2x622 Mbit/s sistem prijenosa BH Telecom – HT Mostar za vezu sa HT Mostar i HT
Zagreb sa STM-1 linkom za potrebe Interneta;
5. Pušten je 622 Mbit/S sistem prijenosa Sarajevo – Kladanj – Tuzla
– Klokotnica –Banjaluka za vezu prema Telekomu Republike
Srpske;
6. Izgrađen je RR 15 Mbit/s sistem prijenosa Okresanica – Cer za
vezu prema Telekomu Srbije,
7. Po pitanju interkonekcija sa HT Mostar su realizovane sljedeće
veze:
– Veza Orašje – Mostar 155 Mbit/s (za HT Mostar preko BH
Telecoma);
– Veza Vitez – Mostar 155 Mbit/s (za HT Mostar preko BH
Telecoma);
Construction of the
Informatics Transmission
Backbone
The emphasis of transmission system construction in
the period 2001 – 2005 was on the construction and
the operation of transit and international capacities
as well as local capacities where telecommunication
services should be provided to users and ensure transmission system capacity for the requirements of the
GSM BH Telecom and other licensed operators, data
transmission services, renting of capacities of leased–
line users as well as the needs of interconnection. The
most important are the following:
1. 2,5 Gbit/s transmission system Sarajevo – Zenica
– Tuzla – Sarajevo, was constructed across optical
cable with 155 Mbit/s protection of RR transmission systems;
2. 2,5 Gbit/s transmission system Sarajevo – Konjic – Mostar was
constructed;
3. 2,5 Gbit/s transmission system Brka – Osjek with laid optical cable
beneath the banks of the river Sava (Brka – Gunja) was constructed
for direct link BH Telecom – HT Zagreb;
4. 155 Mbit/s and 2x622 Mbit/s transmission system BH Telecom
– HT Mostar was activated for the link with the HT Mostar and
HT Zagreb with STM–1 link for the internet requirements;
5. 622 Mbit/s transmission system Sarajevo – Kladanj – Tuzla –
Klokotnica – Banja Luka was activated for the link with Telekom of
the Republic of Srpska;
6. The RR 15 Mbit/s transmission system Okresanica – Cer for the
link with the Telekom of Serbia was constructed;
7. Regarding interconnections with HT Mostar, the following links
were established:
– link Orasje – Mostar 155 Mbit/s (for HT Mostar through BH
Telecom);
183
– Veza Sarajevo – Mostar 155 Mbit/s (zaštita za postojeći 155
Mbit/s link BH Telecoma);
– Veza Sarejevo – Posušje 155 Mbit/s (kao zaštita za postojeći
međuoperatorski 155 Mbit/s link).
Satelitske veze
Čitavo ovo vrijeme razvijao se i sistem satelitskih veza. Sredinom 2005.
godine u funkciji su bili sljedeći satelitski linkovi:
- Sarajevo – New York (AT&T),
- Sarajevo – London,
- Sarajevo – München.
U međunarodnim sistemima prijenosa, satelitski link Sarajevo
– Zürich je još 2001. godine prebačen na terestrijalni link, a naredne
godine je to isto urađeno sa satelitskim linkovima Sarajevo – Frankfurt
i Sarajevo – Stockholm.
Satelitski link sa Amerikom je primarni link i cijena zakupa ovog
satelitskog linka je jeftinija nego terestrijalnog, zbog velike udaljenosti.
Link sa Njemačkom je back-up postojećim prijenosnim sistemima sa
ovom zemljom, s obzirom da sa Njemačkom postoji najveći broj vodova
i najveća količina saobraćaja. Sa Engleskom je back-up međunarodnim
sistemima prijenosa, jer je London jedan od najvećih svjetskih tranzitnih centara.
184
– link Vitez – Mostar 155 Mbit/s (for
Ht Mostar through BH Telecom);
– link Sarajevo – Motar 155 Mbits/s
(protection for the existing 155 Mbit/s
link of the BH Telecom);
– link Sarajevo – Posusje 155 Mbit/s (as
the protection for the existing inter–
operator 155 Mbit/s link).
Satellite Links
During this time, satellite link system was
developed as well. The following satellite
links were functional by the mid 2005:
– Sarajevo – New York (AT&T)
– Sarajevo – London
– Sarajevo – Munich
In the international transmission systems, the satellite link Sarajevo
– Zurich was transferred to terrestrial
link in 2001, and during the following year the same was done with the
satellite links Sarajevo–Frankfurt and
Sarajevo–Stockholm.
The satellite link with America
is the primary link, and the price of its
lease is much cheaper than terrestrial one
due to greater distance. The link with
Germany serves as back–up to existing
transmission systems with this country,
having in mind that the highest number
of lines exists with Germany as well as
the largest quantity of the traffic. The
link with the Great Britain serves as the
back–up for the international transmission systems, because London is one of
the largest world transit centers.
185
Poslovni aspekt razvoja mobilne mreže
BH Telecoma
Mobilna mreža je u svijetu odavno pokazala prednost kako po broju korisnika tako i po broju usluga koju daje, čime je prevazišla onu
izvornu – fiksnu mrežu, kao i sve druge vrste komunikacija. U ovom
trenutku posebna pažnja BH Telecoma usmjerena je na segment razvoja
mobilne mreže. BH Telecomova mobilna mreža trenutno u sistemu ima
oko 800.000 korisnika, od čega su oko 650.000 pre-paid korisnici. U
poređenju sa druga dva operatora u Bosni i Hercegovini, BH Telecom
je u pogledu broja korisnika mobilne mreže na prvom mjestu. Po ostvarenom prihodu 2004. godine, sa 220 miliona KM iz ovog segmenta,
što u ukupnom prihodu firme iznosi negdje preko 40 %, također je na
prvom mjestu. Treba imati u vidu naglašenu tendenciju dimaničke promjene u kapacitetima svih elemenata sistema, kako zbog povećanja broja korisnika koje se godišnje kreće do veličine od 150.000 do 200.000
korisnika, tako i zbog uvođenja novih usluga i tehnologija. Očekuje se i
naredne 2-3 godine, da će godišnji priliv korisnika mobilne mreže biti
na istom nivou. BH Telecom d.d. Sarajevo, kroz svoju misiju i viziju želi
da zadrži lidersku poziciju u odnosu na druga dva operatora sa najmanje
50% učešća u tržištu.
Kapaciteti krajem 2004. godine su uvećani za 220.000 priključaka u komutacijama i HLR-u, tako da je ukupno dostignut kapacitet
jezgra mreže za 990.000 korisnika. U radio dijelu sa novih 120 baznih
stanica (VIII faza) značajno će se poboljšati pokrivenost GSM radio
signalom stanovništva Bosne i Hercegovine. 24. decembra 2004. godine uveden je GPRS i već u sljedećem mjesecu, tokom probnog rada,
ostvaren je broj priključaka na GPRS od više hiljada korisnika. GPRS
je po završetku probnog rada pušten u komercijalnu upotrebu 17. maja
2005. godine. Paralelno sa GPRS-om u urbanim sredinama je instaliran EDGE. On omogućava kapacitete i brzine 3 puta veće od GPRSa. EDGE je ustvari po brzini ekvivalentan ISDN priključku u fiksnoj
mreži. Testiranjem je ostvarena brzina download-a od 120 Kb/s (od
mogućih 360 Kb/s).
Paralelno, ADSL širokopojasnom pristupu u fiksnoj mreži,
razvija se i široko pojasna usluga u mobilnoj mreži – pristup putem
WLAN, odnosno WiFi-a. BH Telecom je potpisao donatorski ugovor
186
Business Aspect of BH Telecom’s Mobile
Network Development
Mobile network has proved its advantages with regard to the number
of users and provided services, by means of which it had surpassed the
fi xed network as well as all other forms of communications. In this moment, the special attention of the BH Telecom is focused to the mobile
network development. BH Telecom’s mobile network, in this moment,
has approx. 800.000 users, of which 650.000 are pre–paid users. When
compared to two other operators in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the BH
Telecom is the first operator regarding the number of users. By realized
profit in 2004, with approx. 220 million KM in this segment, which is
40% of overall company profit, it is also on the first place. Having in
Ceremonija puštanja
u rad GPRS-a
/ Ceremony of GPRS starting
operation
187
sa Amerčkom agencijom za trgovinu i razvoj TDA
za izradu fizibiliti studije, po kojoj se već radi i priprema pilot projekat za dva do tri hot-spota. Ona će
pomoći da dođemo do izbora kvalitetnih tehnoloških i tehničkih, odnosno ekonomskih rješenja i
opredjeljenja za realizaciju pilot projekata, koje će
se realizovati u kampusu Univerziteta u Sarajevu,
hotelu Holiday Inn. Paralelno je i na poslovnom
objektu UNITIC-a, završena montaža 40-tak antena, koje će imati funkcije da, osim unutarnjeg pokrivanja objekta GPRS signalom, pruže mogućnost
korištenja bežičnog pristupa Internetu brzinama
2 Mb/s pa i većim. Ova dva pilot projekta će nas
uvjeriti u opravdanost i način realizacije takvih projekata širom BiH.
BH Telecom ima jasnu viziju što se tiče svog razvoja sa poslovnog
aspekta. Tako se u fiksnoj mreži planira povećanje na oko 30 % penetracije, a u mobilnoj mreži preko 70 %. Planirano je da se to ostvari
u naredne 2-3 godine, kada će kapacitet naše mobilne mreže biti 1,8
miliona korisnika u komutacijama, a broj naših korisnika se procjenjuje
da će biti 1,4 – 1,5 miliona. Izradom Strategije razvoja i planskih dokumenata srednjoročnog karaktera te drugih, kao što su koncepti razvoja
fiksne, mobilne i paketske mreže značajno je unaprijeđena slika daljnjeg
razvoja BH Telecom-a.
Razvoj telekomunikacijskih usluga
Usluge fiksne mreža su:
– osnovne usluge,
– dodatne usluge i
– usluge sa dodatnom vjernošću
Osnovne usluge fiksne mreže su vezane za uspostavu veze, dok
su dodatne usluge također rado prihvaćene od strane korisnika. Oni se
mogu pretplatiti i na njih, čime se znatno proširuju mogućnosti telefonskog priključka, omogućavajući korisniku usluge kao što su: prikaz
broja pozivaoca, preusmjerenje poziva, čekanje u redu, skraćeno biranje,
konferencijska veza, “odsutan pretplatnik”, “ne uznemiravaj pretplatnika”, povratni upit, veza bez biranja (HOT line), izdavanje listinga po188
mind emphasized tendency of dynamic change in the capacities of all
elements of the system, due to the annual increase in the number of users from 150.000 to 200.000, as well as introduction of new services and
technologies. It is expected that in the following 2–3 years, the annual
intake of users will be at the same level. The BH Telecom d.d. Sarajevo,
with its mission and vision, wants to keep the position of a leader in
regard to two other operators, with the least 50% market share.
Near the end of 2004, the capacities were increased for 220.000
connections in switching systems and the HLR, so the total capacity
of core network reached 990.000 users. In radio segment with new 120
base stations (VIII phase) the GSM coverage with radio signal will
be significantly increased in BIH. On the 24th of December 2004, the
GPRS was introduced, and already during the first month of trial period, the number of connections to GPRS was realized of few thousand
users. After ending of its trial period, the GPRS was put into commercial use on the 17th of May, 2005. In urban areas, EDGE was installed
together with GPRS. It enabled capacities and speeds up to 3 times
enhanced when compared to the GPRS. In other words, the EDGE
was equivalent to the ISDN connection in fi xed network in the matter
of speed. By testing, the download speed of 120Kb/s was reached ( of
feasible 360Kb/s).
In parallel to the ADSL broadband access in fi xed network, the
broadband mobile network service was developing – access through
WLAN, in other words WiFi. The BH Telecom has signed the grant
agreement with the U.S. Trade and Development Agency for the feasibility study, which is already being in use for preparation of a pilot
project for two to three hot–spots. It will help in choosing qualitative
technological and technical solutions for the pilot project realization,
which will be realized within the University of Sarajevo and Holiday
Inn Hotel. In parallel, at the business building of UNITIC, the installation of 40 antennas is completed, which will along with covering of
the facility’s internal space with GPRS signal, provide possibility of
Internet wireless access utilization at the speed of 2 Mb/s and higher.
These two pilot projects will convince us of justifiability and the method
of realization of such projects in BIH.
The BH Telecom has a clear vision regarding its development
looking from the business aspect. Within the fi xed network, the 30%
increase of penetration is planned, and within the mobile network more
than 70 % increase. It is planned to achieve this in the next 2–3 years
189
zivanih brojeva itd. Neke od usluga zahtijevaju da
korisnikov telefonski aparat posjeduje mogućnost
tonskog biranja.
Instalacijom IVR platforme, te njenom implementacijom u aprilu 2005. godine, omogućit
će se upotpunjavanje usluga premium servisa i masovniji pristup medijalnim projektima nagradnih
igara i kvizova. Uvođenjem IVR usluga će se dati
mogućnost i content providerima tj. pretplatnicima
(TV kuće, radiostanice, marketinške agencije i dr.)
da koriste IVR platformu i kreiraju sadržaj za krajnje korisnike. Za korištenje IVR usluga od strane
korisnika je potrebno posjedovati telefonski aparat
sa DTMF biranjem. IVR platforma svojom funkcionalnošću se može iskoristiti u sljedeće svrhe:
– organizovanje nagradnih igara i kvizova;
– pružanje javnih informacija koje se često mijenjaju
(vozni red, TV/filmski programi, meteorološki podaci, turističke informacije…);
– za bilo koje događaje u kojima se zahtijeva interakcija korisnika i IVR sistema.
Testna oprema SIEMENS
/ Test equipment Siemens
190
Istovremeno se razvijaju i usluge BIHNET mreže na servisnoj
ravni. Uvodi se e-mail 2SMS, SMS2 e-mail, Web 2SMS, novi BIHNET
sadržaji na Web portalu itd. Multimedijalne usluge, TV i radio programi
pristupom Internetu preko širokopojasne mreže ADSL-a, omogućiti će
preko jednog sistema pružanje svih usluga: govor, podaci, video.
U pogledu usluga mobilne mreže situacija se brzo mijenja kako po
broju, tako i vrstama uvedenih servisa i aplikacija. Relativno zakašnjenje što se tiče GPRS-a, kompenzirano je paralelnom implementacijom
GPRS-a, EDGE-a i WLAN-a. To je značajan iskorak BH Telecoma u
tehnološkom smislu. Važan je usvojeni princip da se svi servisi pružaju i
za pre-paid kao i za post-paid korisnike. Svim našim korisnicima biti će
omogućeni sve servisi, i neće se praviti diskriminacija među korisnicima
prema načinu plaćanja, nego će ih dijeliti samo veličina i vrsta servisa
koje koriste – paketa. Dakle, sadašnje opredjeljenje je ulaganje najvećih napora i inventivnosti u dijelu servisa i u dijelu izgradnje sistema
servisne mreže i podrške korisnicima. Mora biti izgrađena iz temelja
potpuno nova filozofija koja ranije nije postojala, a to je otvorena ser-
period, when the capacity of our mobile network
will be 1.8 million users in switching systems, and
the number of our users is estimated to be 1.4 – 1.5
million. With creation of Development Strategy
and middle term planning documents, and others
such as concepts of fi xed, mobile and data network
development, the future development of the BH
Telecom is significantly improved.
Development of
Telecommunication Services
Promocija usluga BH
Telecoma / The promotion
of BH Telecom services
The services provided by the fi xed network are:
– basic services
– additional services and
– value added services.
Basic services of the fi xed network relates to connection establishing, while additional services are also readily accepted by the users. The
users have the possibility to subscribe, by means of which the possibilities
of telephone connections are extended, providing services such as: calling line identification, call divert, call waiting, short dialing, conference
call, “subscriber absent”, “do not disturb the subscriber”, return call, hot
line, issuance of dialed numbers listing, etc. Some services require that
the users telephone has a possibility of tone dialing.
By the installation of the IVR platform and its implementation
in April of 2005, a completion of premium services and wider access to
media projects of prize contest and quiz. Introducing of the IVR services will make possible for the content providers (TV companies, Radio
stations, Marketing Agencies, etc.) to use the IVR platform and create
contents for end users. For the usage of the IVR services a telephone
device with the DTMF dialing is required. The IVR platform with its
functionality can also be used for the following purposes:
– organizing of prize contents and quiz;
– providing of the public information that are often changed (bus/plane
timetable, TV programs, weather conditions, tourist information...);
– for any events/purposes that require a interaction between users and
IVR system.
191
Uporedni podaci o ostvarenju osnovnih pokazatelja u odnosu na ostvarenje u 2003. godini
i u odnosu na Plan poslovanja za 2004 godinu.
Red
br.
1
I
1.
1.1.
POKAZATELJI
POSLOVANJA
2
TELEKOMUNIKACIONI KAPACITETI
Telefonska mreža
Fiksna telefonska mreža
– Instalisani telefonski priključci
– Iskorišteni telefonski priključci
– Stepen iskorištenosti kapac. u %
1.1.2. Javne telefonske govornice
2.
Mobilna telefonska mreža
Instalisani priključci
Iskorišteni priključci, od tog
– postpaid – u sistemu
– postpaid – aktivni
– prepaid – u sistemu
– prepaid – aktivni
– ukupno – u sistemu
II
III
– ukupno – aktivnih
Paketska mreža
BIHNET
Dial up
Fiksni / ADSL
BIHPAK – broj korisnika
– Frame Relay
– X.25
BROJ ZAPOSLENIH
USLUGE ( U 000)
1
2
3
4
Fiksna -impulsi
NTS –minute – posebna tarifa
GSM-minute – postpaid
SMS poruke –postpaid
5
BIHNET
BIHPAK – K segmenti
107.640
2.
2.1.
2.2.
6
192
Indeks
I - XII
2003.
3
PLAN
2004.
4
I - XII
2004.
5
6
5:4
7
648.527
509.094
697.090
550.720
691.604
534.260
107
105
99,2
97,0
78,5
79,0
77,2
98,3
97,7
1.549
1.694
1.542
100
91,0
740.000
950.000
990.000
134
104,2
161.803
105.605
534.900
409.667
696.703
200.388
132.722
660.021
612.307
860.409
169.462
98.570
612.500
551.000
781.962
105
93
115
134
112
85
74
93
90
91
515.272
745.029
649.570
126
87
34.213
444
49.800
1.291
42.560
1.327
124
299
85,5
103
444
375
3.016
676
471
3.056
516
381
3.056
116
102
101
76,3
80,9
100,0
5.698.841
6.078.276
100
94
151.465
161.390
5.715.889
1.304
154.167
76.147
106
96
457.637
584.497
507.619
111
87
132.570
173.443
161
131
5:3
Red
br.
1
2
I – XII
Plan
I – XII
INDEKS
2003
2004
2004
5:3
5:4
3
4
5
6
7
495.380
540.487
524.885
106
97
I
PRIHOD OD OSNOVNE AKTIVNOSTI
A
Vrijednost pruzenih usluga ( a-d)
495.380
540.487
524.885
106
97
a
FIKSNA MREZA
296.536
321.697
303.881
102
94
b
GSM MREZA
189.142
206.934
209.363
111
101
c
PAKETSKA MREZA
9.402
10.838
10.896
116
101
d
OSTALE USLUGE IZ OSN.AKT(1-3)
300
1.018
745
248
73
B
Vrijednost prodate robe
0
0
0
0
0
II
PRIHOD OD ULAGANJA
523
0
2.563
490
0
III
PRIHOD OD FINANSIRANJA (1-3)
6.175
5.449
7.565
123
139
IV
OSTALI PRIHODI (1-8)
24.746
23.040
34.011
137
148
V
VANREDNI PRIHODI
0
0
0
0
0
VI
UKUPNI PRIHODI (I –V)
526.824
568.976
569.024
108
100
VII
Tekecom Inzenjer.- interna realizacija
11.898
18.000
11.381
96
63
VII
UKUPNO (VI+VII)
538.722
586.976
580.405
108
99
Ostvareni prihod po vrstama prihoda, po mrežama (fiksna, mobilna paketska) i po vrstama usluga
Furthermore, in parallel other BIHNET network services are
developed at service plane. E–mail2SMS, SMS2e–mail, Web2SMS,
new BIHNET contents at Web Portal, etc are introduced. Multimedia
services, TV and radio programs by Internet access through ADSL
broadband network, will enable provision of all services : voice, data
and video through a single system.
In regard to mobile network service, the situation changes rapidly in number and in forms of introduced services and applications.
The relative delay concerning GPRS, was compensated with parallel implementation of the GPRS, EDGE and WLAN. This was the
significant step forward for the BH Telecom in technological aspect.
The important principle has been adopted – that all services are to be
provided both for pre–paid and post–paid users. All services will be
provided to our users, and distinction will not be made between the
users regarding payment methods, but by the size and kind of service
193
visna mreža. Uz postojeće govorne usluge, te servisne platforme SMS,
MMS, Wap/Web portal, razvijaju se VAS usluge. Istovremeno se već
pripremaju nove, kao m-commerce, LBS-lokacijski bazirane usluge, telemetrija i telekomanda koje će poslužiti da se na njima primjene razne
aplikacije.
Servisna mreža
Servisna mreža podrazumijeva jedan kompletan hardverski i softverski uređen sistem koji će omogućivati razvoj, testiranje, implementaciju i produkciju servisa i aplikacija, bez obzira da li su vanjski davaoci
sadržaja ili je sadržaj kreiran unutar BH Telecoma. U dijelu servisa
pristupa se razradi sistema portala slično kao NTT -„DoCoMo“ ili
„Planet“ Mobitela Slovenije, gdje ima veliki broj aplikacija i servisa u
njihovom domenu koji se pripremaju i ažuriraju. Sada je jasno da će se
BH Telecom otvoriti prema vani, prema vanjskim davaocima sadržaja i
ostvariti kontakt sa servis provajderima. BH Telecom je prepoznao da
se mora kreirati otvorena infrastruktura za sve moguće sadržaje. Ovim
194
they use – package. Therefore, present commitment is the putting of efforts and inventiveness, in the segment of services and in the segment of
service network system construction and support to the customers. The
complete new philosophy has to be invented, and that is – open service network. Together with voice services and service platforms SMS,
MMS Wap/Web Portal, the VAS services are developed. At the same
time, new m–commerce, LBS–location based services, telemetry and
telecommand are being prepared, which will serve for the implementation of various applications.
Service Network
The Service Network is a complete hardware and software arranged
system, which will enable the development, testing, implementation
and production of services and applications, regardless of whether there
are external content providers or the content is created within the BH
Telecom. The construction of portal system similar to NTT DoCoMo
or Slovenian Mobitel’s “Planet”, have began with a great number of applications and services which are prepared and updated. Now, it is clear
that the BH Telecom will open its doors towards the external content
Rafting na Uni
/ Rafting on Una River
195
se postavlja objektivna uloga raznih segmenata našeg sistema koji u realizaciji imaju ogroman zadatak.
U budućnosti da će biti izgrađena takva ICT - informaciono komunikacijska infrastruktura i otvorena servisna platforma u smislu primjene sistema za podršku u svim oblastima društva, koji će biti toliko
prisutan u životima ljudi, da će ga oni shvatati, ne samo kao servisnu
infrastrukturu, nego kao jednu životnu potrebu. Očekuje se da i ostale
usluge fiksne, mobilne mreže i Internet-a, svojim sinergijskim djelovanjem, uz zajedničku primjenu svih vrsta aplikacija, omoguće neslućene
promjene i u samom BH Telecomu. Ovakav pristup značajno će obogatiti ponudu usluga BH Telecoma preko svih mreža. Servisne platforme
će, preko tzv. enejblera, omogućiti pristup zajedničkim aplikacijama koji
čine osnovu konvergencije fiksne-mobilne-data mreže, kako Internet
tako i multimedijalnih sadržaja.
Prilagođavanje formata, ažuriranje i tehnički aspekt treba prilagoditi tako da se to može napisati u određenom broju karaktera - redova, riječi, slika itd. Konkretno - servisi se razvijaju, implementiraju,
aktiviraju, mjere, obračunavaju i testiraju u tijesnoj vezi sa tehnologijom.
Marketing je u funkciji istraživanja tržišta, analiza cijena, promocije
i prodaje, i, ono što je najvažnije, marketing će ubuduće biti spona i
generator kontakata sa davaocima sadržaja, sa medijskim kućama, ugovaranjem autorskih prava, definisanjem samog sadržaja. Regionalne
direkcije, će dobiti novu ulogu, kako u dijelu tehnološke podrške, gdje
moraju održavati bazne stanice, prijenos itd., tako i u dijelu lokalne promocije, unapređenja prodaje i, posebno, u dijelu odnosa sa korisnicima.
Dakle, u segmentu odnosa sa korisnicima, multipliciniranjem distributivnih kanala, i za prodaju i za kontakte sa korisnicima, oni su na prvoj
liniji. U tom smialu podrazumijeva se da će imati maksimalnu podršku tehnoloških direkcija i marketinga. To znači da se moraju urediti
procedure te dati jasna uputstva i sve informacije za njihov rad. U BH
Telecomu će već od iduće godine - tako je zamišljeno - svaki korisnik
imati mogućnost kontrole stanja na računu u svakom trenutku, istoriju
troškova sa računa, te koliko ima sredstava uz personalizaciju usluga.
Sve to će pratiti edukacija naših korisnika u razumjevanju korištenja
servisa i aplikacija, i to postaje prioritet. Povećanjem aplikacija sve se
višestruko usložnjava. To je jedan od ključnih problema u budućnosti,
posebno u regionalnim direkcijama, pa i onim najvećim - sarajevskoj,
tuzlanskoj itd., jer ljudi koji su zaduženi i vezani za ove poslove još nisu
adekvatno osposobljeni.
196
providers and establish contact with service providers. The BH Telecom
has recognized that an open infrastructure for all possible contents has
to be created. Thus, the objective role of various segments of our system,
which have a huge task, is set.
In the future, the ICT – information communication infrastructure and open service platform will be constructed as means of implementing the support system in all fields of society, which will be present
in people lives in that extent, that it will be understood not only as service
infrastructure but as a life necessity. It is expected that other services of
fi xed, mobile and Internet network with its synergic operation and joint
implementation of all kinds of applications, will enable great changes
within the BH Telecom. This approach will significantly enrich the BH
Telecom’s service offer across all networks. The service platforms will,
through so called enablers, provide access to joint applications that form
the base of convergence of fi xed–mobile–data network, both of Internet
and multimedia contents.
The adjustment of a format, updating and technical aspect should
be adapted so that it is possible to write it in certain number of characters, lines, words, pictures, etc. Services are developing, implementing, activating, measuring and testing in close relation to technology.
25. Generalna skupština
ETNO, Sarajevo 18–19
novembar 2004., domaćin
BH Telecom / The General
Assembly ETNO, Sarajevo
18–19 November, 2004,
host – BH Telecom
197
Planinari BH Telecoma na
vrhu Bukovika
/ BH Telecom mountaineers
on the Mount Bukovik
Budućnost – šta mi vidimo u
budućnosti?
Kako organizirati i osmisliti tzv. business intelligence na bazi CRM-a koji
donosi brojne probleme koje treba u svijesti o konceptu, u oragnaizaciji i
kadrovskoj popuni rješavati. Nedostatak kvalitetnih ljudi prisutan je gotovo u svim cjelinama. Zamisao je da se izvrši krupno prestruktuiranje u
korist visoko obrazovnog kadra prijemom mladih i završenih stručnjaka
– izvršilaca, stim da bi iduće godine udio VSS kadrova trebalo povećati
sa sadašnjih 15 % na najmanje 25 %, sa krajnjim ciljem da 30 % kadrova
budu visoke spreme već do 2007 godine.
U domenu investicija, u zadnjih deset godina realizirani su brojni projekti u koje je investirano više od jedne milijarde KM direktnih
investicija, od čega se 142 miliona odnosi samo na GSM licencu. Treba
imati u vidu da se investicije u telekomunikacije veoma brzo vraćaju,
praktično već za par godina, a neke, kao na primjer u mobilnoj mreži za
kraće od godine dana. To znači da se apsolutno isplati ulagati u sektor
198
Marketing has the function of market assessment, price analyses, promotion and sale, and what is most important, marketing will be the link
and generator of contacts with content providers, media institutions, defining copyrights and the content itself. Regional Directorates will have
a new role, in segment of technological support, where base stations,
transmission and etc. have to be maintained, and in the segment of local
promotion, sale growth and especially in relations with the users.
Therefore, in this segment users are the first priority. It is understood that they will have full support of technological directorates and
marketing. This implies that the procedures have to be created, clear
guidelines and all information for its work provided. From the following year, in the BH Telecom each customer will have the possibility to
control the account status, history of expenses, and resources available
with the personalization of services. This will be followed by education
of our users in understanding and utilization of services and applications, and it becomes a priority. With the increase in applications all
this becomes much more complicated. This is one of the key problems
for the future, especially within regional directorates, even the larger
ones – Sarajevo, Tuzla, etc., because personnel dealing with these tasks
is still not adequately enabled for the realization of these tasks.
The future – How do we see it?
The question is how to organize so called business intelligence based on
CRM, which brings numerous problems which need to be solved in the
concept, organization and personnel. The deficiency of professionals is
present in almost all sectors. It is planned to conduct a major restructuring, for the increase of highly educated personnel, by recruitment of
young professionals. The percentage of personnel with university degree
should be increased from 15% to at least 25%, with the end goal of 30%
until 2007.
In segment of investments, in the last ten years numerous projects
have been realized, in which more than 1 billion KM have been invested, of which 142 million relates to GSM license. It should be understood that there is a rapid return of the invested in telecommunications,
practically in few years, as for example in the mobile network in a period
shorter than a year. This means that it is profitable to invest in telecommunication sector, especially when a total liberalization of a market
199
BOSNA ASA BH Telecom
osvojena dupla kruna
/ Bosna ASA BH Telecom
double crown winner
200
telekomunikacija, posebno kada je na pragu potpuna libarlizacija tržišta, gdje je već prisutna jaka
konkurencija koja primjenjuje nove tehnologije i
usluge. S druge strane, uloga telecoma u razvoju
informatizacije društva, a samim tim i ukupnog
razvoja zemlje je nemjerljiva.
Dugo i stručno planiran razvoj poslovanja,
te uspješnost BH Telecoma mogu s pravom biti
ocijenjeni kao jednako vrijedna rješenjima velikih
evropskih telekom kuća.
Možda je jedna od najvažnijih činjenica i
uspjeha firme samostalni razvoj tehnoloških rješenja, postignut etapnim razvojem mrežne i servisne
infrastrukture, praćenjem najmodernijih tehnoloških trendova i, ponajprije, kontinuiranim prilagođavanjem cijeloga tehnološkog sistema potrebama
i specifičnostima bosanskohercegovačkog tržišta. Upravo ovo opredjeljenje jeste uvijek bilo garancija uspjeha i putokaz za budućnost.
Značaj BH Telecoma za razvoj industrije i privrede u Bosni i
Hercegovni, kao i cjelokupan razvoj bosanskohercegovačkog društva, je
nesumnjiv i neupitan. U izvjesnom smislu, rast i uspješnost ovog uglednog preduzeća može biti samo uzor za mnogobrojne poslovne poduhvate i projekte onih čija je ambicioznost jednaka želji za boljim životom.
BH Telecom svoju uspješnost duguje oslanjanju na vlastite kadrove, uvažavanju njihovog znanja i permanentnom samoispitivanju
i samoprovjeri svojih vlastitih planova; praćenju savremenih tokova u
svjetskim razmjerama i vizijama u budućnosti. Zbog toga govor o BH
Telecomu ne može imati definitivan kraj, jer je to priča koja traje i koja
će trajati.
lies ahead, with a strong competition which applies new technologies and services. At the other
hand, the role of the Telecom in development of
informatics, and at the same time of the overall
development of the country is incalculable.
Professionally planned business development progress and the success of the BH
Telecom can rightly be assessed as solutions of
the same value as of prominent European companies. The one of the most important facts is
its own development of technological solutions,
achieved by step–by–step development of the
network and service infrastructure, by following
modern technological trends, and by continual
adjustment process of the entire technological
system to the requirements and specific needs of
Bosnian–Herzegovinian market. This very commitment has always been the guarantee of success and a guideline for the future.
The significance of the BH Telecom for
the industry and economy progress in Bosnia
and Herzegovina, as well as the overall development of Bosnian–Herzegovinian society is unquestionable and without a doubt. The growth
and success of this respectable company can
only serve as a role model for numerous business
projects of those whose ambition is equal to the
will for the better life.
The BH Telecom owes its success to its
personnel, their expertise and continuing reevaluation and verification of its own plans; the following of world contemporary trends and future visions. Thus, the speech about the BH
Telecom can not have a definite end, for it is a narrative that lasts, and
remains.
201
Skraćenice / Abverations
ATC
Automatic Telephone exchange – Automatska telefonska
centrala
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode – asinhroni transfer mod
AXE
Telefonska centrala proizvođača Ericsson
BiHNET
Intenet mreža BH Telecoma
BIHPAK
Javna mreža za prenos podataka
BRA
Basic Rate Access – pristup osnovnom brzinom
BRAS
Broadband Remote Access Server – server za udaljeni
širokopojasni pristup
CCITT
International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee
– raniji naziv tijela ITU-a koje se bavio definisanjem standarda
CRA BiH
Communication Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Regulatorna agencija za komunikacije BiH (RAK BiH)
CRM
Customer relations management – upravljanje odnosima sa
korisnicima
DCME
Digital circuit multiplication equipment – oprema za
multiplikaciju digitalnih kanala
DNS
Domain Name Server – server imena domena
DSLAM
digital subscriber line multiplexers – multiplekseri digitalne
pretplatničke linije
DTMF
Dual-tone multi-frequency (vrsta telefonskog biranja)
EBRD
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
– Evropska banka za rekonstrukciju i razvoj
EDGE
Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution – povećane brzine
prenosa podataka za GSM evoluciju
EMB
Electronic Mobile Business – elektronsko mobilno poslovanje
EMS
Express mail service – najbrža poštanska usluga fizičkim
sredstvima
EU
European Union – Evropska unija
EUTELSAT
European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
– Evropska telekomunikaciona satelitska organizacija
EWSD
Electronic Worldwide Switch Digital – digitalna centrala
proizvođača Siemens
203
204
FTP
File transfer protocol – protocol za razmjenu fajlova putem
Interneta
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications
HLR
Home Location Register
HOST
Komputer koji sadrži podatke, kojima se može pristupati sa
udaljenih korisničkih kompjutera, svaki host ima jedinstvenu IP
adresu
IN
Intelligent network – inteligentna mreža
INTELSAT
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
– Međunarodna telekomunikaciona satelitska organizacija
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network – digitalna mreža
integrisanih usluga
ISO
International Organization for Standardization – Međunarodna
organizacija za standardizaciju
ISP
Internet Service provider – davalac Internet usluga
ITC
International Transit Exchange – međunarodna tranzitna
centrala
ITU
International Telecommunication Union – Međunarodna
telekomunikaciona unija
IVR
Interactive Voice Response
LAN
Local Area Network – mreža lokalnog područja
LBS
Location based services – lokacijski bazirane usluge
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network – mreža na području glavnog grada
MoU
Memorandum of Understanding – sporazum o razumijevanju
NDC
National Destination Code – nacionalni odredišni kod
NMS
Network Management System – sistem za upravljanje mrežom
NTS
Number Translation Services
MMS
Multimedia Messaging Service – usluga slanja i primanja
multimedijalnog sadržaja
MSC
Mobile services switching centre – komutacioni centar mobilnih
usluga
PAD
Packet assemble/disassemble – asembliranje i disasembliranje
paketa
PC
Personal computer – personalni računar
PDH
Plesiochronous digital hierarchy
PIU
Project Implementation Unit – odjeljenje za implementaciju
projekata
POP
Point of presence – lokacija konekcije lokalne centrale sa
kerijerom
POTS
Plain old telephone service – osnovna telefonska usluga bez
poboljšanja
PRA
Primary Rate Access – pristup sa primarnom brzinom
PSTN
Public Switched Telecommnications Network –javna
komutirana telekomunikaciona mreža
PVC
Permanent virtual circuit – permanentna virtuelna veza
RSS
Remote subscriber switch – izdvojeni pretplatnički stupanj
SDH
Synchronous digital hierarchy – sinhrona digitalna hijerarhija
SMS
Short message services – usluga prenosa kratkih poruka
SNA/SDLC
Systems Network Architecture / synchronous data link control
STP
Signalling transfer point – čvor koji rutira signalizacijske poruke
SVC
Switched virtual circuit – komutirana virtuelna veza
TDA
U.S. Trade and Development Agency – Agencija za trgovinu i
razvoj iz SAD
TERP
Telecommunications Emergency Reconstruction Project
– projekat urgentne rekonstrukcije telekomunikacija
TK
Telekomunikacioni - telecommunication
TT
Telegraf, telefon – telegraph telephone
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System – univerzalni
mobilni telekomunikacioni sistem
UNHCR
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees – Agencija
Ujedinjenih nacija za izbjeglice
UPU
Universal Postal Union – Svjetski poštanski savez
VAS
Value added services – usluge sa dodatom vrijednošću
VSAT
Very small aperture terminal – satelitski terminal malog
kapaciteta
xDSL
Svi tipovi DSL-digital subscriber line (ADSL, SDSL, HDSL,
VDSL)
WAN
Wide Area Network – mreža na širem području
WTO
World Trade Organization – Svjetska trgovinska organizacija
WWW
World Wide Web
205
Dioničko društvo / Joint Stock Company
BH Telecom Sarajevo 2005
Izdavač
BH Telecom d.d. Sarajevo
Za izdavača
mr. Hamdo Katica
Računarska obrada
TDP d.o.o., Narcis Pozderac
Štampa
CPU Sarajevo
Tiraž
5000
Sarajevo, 2005.
CIP – Katalogizacija u publikaciji
Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka
Bosne i Hercegovine
061.5:621.39] (497.6 Sarajevo) (091)
DIONIČKO društvo BH Telecom Sarajevo 2005 =
Joint Stock Company BH Telecom Sarajevo 2005 /
[glavni i odgovorni urednik Nedžad Rešidbegović ;
prevodilac Ida Delić] , – Sarajevo : BH Telecom,
2005. – 208 str. : ilustr. ; 24 cm
Tekst uporedo na bos. i engl. jeziku
ISBN 9958–9697–2–6
1. Rešidbegović, Nedžad
COBISS.BH–ID 14381062