Resilience of three types of Moravian countryside - Spa

RESILIENCE OF FOUR TYPES SOUTH MORAVIAN
COUNTRYSIDE
Kyselka Igor
Institute for Spatial Development, Brno (CZ)
Spa-ce.net Network Conference, Bratislava, 18 -19 October 2014
The research was made by the Institute of Applied landscape ecology of Mendel
university in Brno (A. Vaishar and col.) between years 2010 – 2012 in frame of
internal grant projects. Author of paper was their opponent of projects drafts and
results
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Contemporary status of south moravian region
countryside
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647 communities below 4000 inhabitants
44,7 % of inhabitants of South Moravian district (1 166 313 total region)
112 inh/km2 (without Brno)
96,1 % of total region area
average number of inhabitants/community: 783
Most of the area is covered by integrated personal traffic systém
Average age: 40 years
Lower proportion of chidren born outside marriage than in cities
Lower proportion of assisted abortions than in cities
Total increase of number of countryside inhabitans – depends on
location
Unemployment rate: 9,6 %, increses with distance from Brno
GDP: 71,7 % of EU,
GDP from agriculture 3,6 % of total region GDP
Education rate and business activities decrase with distance from Brno
Some geographic characteristics of South
moravian region
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Warmest region of Czech republic
North and west of region are covered by highlands
South and partly east of region are covered by lowlands and uplands
These parts are endangered by water and wind erosion
Arable land - 50 % of all area, vineyards (17 158 ha)- 96 % of all czech
vineyards are here
Important function of small cities: public administration, traffic, jobs
SUBURNANIZED COUNTRYSIDE – CASE STUDY MODŘICE
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SUBURBANISED COUNTRYSIDE
CASE STUDY – MODŘICE
Resilience aganist absorption by big city and local identity loss
Modřice - characteristics
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City is by buildings associated with Brno – tram link
Inhabitants loss after world war II (1950 - 2453), growth until 1989
(1980 - 4115), decrease after 1990 (1991 - 3484), slow grow after 2001,
(2014 - 4893)
Limited construction in seventies and eighties whereas high quality
land protection
Low suburbanization due to low landscape quality - imprisonment by
traffic corridors and commercial zones
Low unemployment - Modřice: 7,8 %, Brno: 9,2 %
Most important everyday business destination from Brno: 14,4% of all
commutings
Non attractive for tourism
Accrete with Brno
Threated by new inhabitants and identity loss
TRADITIONAL WINERY COUNTRYSIDE – CASE STUDY VELKÉ PAVLOVICE
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TRADITIONAL WINERY COUNTRYSIDE – CASE STUDY VELKÉ
PAVLOVICE
Resilience based on local wine and fruit production and folklore
traditions
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Velké Pavlovice - characteristics
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One of most fertile czech regions
Low upland with vineyards, orchards and few forests (10 % of all area),
some dry grassland and wetland sites
Wine growing from roman times, maximum in 16. – 17. century
High soil erosion
Prehistoric settlement
Living all year long folklore traditions connected with wine producing
Folklore music and dances have very old routes near to hungarian and
gypsy music
Traditional and strong catholic religiosity (54,5 %)
Typical architecture of wine cellars (búdy), cellar streets,
Moravian wine bike trails network makes wine cellars more attractive and
accessible – increase of wine touristic
Winemakers combine production and related services, 24 bigger
winemaker companies
Stabilized number of inhabitants – 3067 (2014)
Active civil society - hunters, firemen, fishermen, beekeepers, winemakers
Unemployment: 10 %, employment in agriculture:12 % (EU average: 3,5 %)
Velké Pavlovice – attractivities in surroundings
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Independent Republic of Cow hill (Monte Booh) – pranks state with
own state symbols nad lot fo activities consist of hill with wine cellars
near village Bořetice nearby
Sport area in Němčičky (village nearby) with lowest located ski slope
in middle Europe (270 m a.s.) – „skiing between vineyards“, minigolf,
bobsed
INNER PERIPHERY COUNTRYSIDE – CASE STUDY OLEŠNICE NA MORAVĚ
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INNER PERIPHERY COUNTRYSIDE – CZECH MORAVIAN BORDER
CASE STUDY OLEŠNICE NA MORAVĚ
resilience against displacement and unemployment
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Olešnice - characteristics
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Less fertile cold highland on historic czech - moravian border
Late middle age settlement - colonisation
Elevation about 650 m a.s.
Hard floods during last 12 years form higher located fields
High soil erosion
67 % of area fields and meadows
Mostly secondary spruce forests
Olešnice: 1730 inhabitants, all mikroregion (7 communities): 2814 inh.
Population decline especially in small comunities
Remoteness from region centre Brno, but also from local centres, no train
Dairy – main local employer – 160 employees,
Unemployment - Olešnice: 8,3 %, in small communities (Louka: 20,7 %)
60 % of economically active inhabitants drive daily out
Church sights, traditional folklore architecture
Traditional textile production: blueprint
Summer and winter tourism possibilities, many traditional fests
Few accommodation capacities
Deep vitality of local people – potential for small industry and tourism
BORDER COUNTRYSIDE – CASE STUDY VRANOV NAD DYJÍ
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BORDER COUNTRYSIDE – CASE STUDY VRANOV NAD DYJÍ
resilience against displacement, unemployment and seasonal tourism
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Vranov nad Dyjí - characteristics
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Most marginal region of Southern Moravia – extremely remoted from
everywhere
Low upland divided by deep rocky canyons (Nat. Park Podyjí – Thayatal)
Permanent population decline 70 years due to after war Germans
repatriation and low following immigration from inland
41 years during socialism closed border with Austria Lowest education
rate: only 2 % of university educated people
42 % of inh. Employed in agriculture and forestry
No bigger settlements even on austrian side – very few jobs
Tourism only in summer season – lot of historical and natural sights,
Canyon of Dyje – border to Austria but also natural barrier
Well functioning but subsidised public transport
Without traditional relation of inhabitants to their environment
SUMMARYSWOT, challenges and strategies of south moravian country
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Strong differentiation of south moravian countryside due to natural
conditions and distance from centres especially from Brno
Good transport accessibility in most of the region
Well functioning public transport systém in all region
Most of the area is very fertile: wine, fruits, vegetable
Relative stabil inhabitants even in after world war II displaced areas
Lower education rate
Suburbanisation leads more persons to country especially near Brno
Cross border cooperation possibilities
Future in renewable energy sources in country
Active tourism grows – chance for more jobs
South moravian country – quality alternative for life in cities
Picture sources
http://www.jizni-morava.cz/?str=8&tpl=19
http://sceneryphoto.blog.cz/1011/podzimni-krajina-na-vysocine
http://www.beseda-rakvice.cz/okoli.html
http://mim.cemotel.cz/modrice.html
http://www.cyklo-jizni-morava.cz/naucna-cyklotrasa-prirodnim-parkem-bobrava
http://www.tramvajklub.info/2006-cerven
http://www.velke-pavlovice.cz/article.asp?nDepartmentID=1&nArticleID=4374&nLanguageID=1
http://www.opilesklepy.cz/cenik-ubytovani
http://www.j-morava.cz/sport/jihomoravsky-kraj/palava/velke-pavlovice/sport.html
http://nemovitosti-reality.hyperinzerce.cz/komercni-reality/vinn%FD+sklep+velk%E9+pavlovice/
http://www.modrehory.cz/ubytovani/ubytovani/hotel-kravi-hora
http://www.balickyzazitku.cz/cz/novinky/valasske-kralovstvi-spustilo-sve-cesty-nejen-za-vinem-do-svobodne-spolkove-republiky-kravi-hora.html
http://foto.mapy.cz/284432-Nemcicky-sportovni-areal
http://www.kalendarakci.atlasceska.cz/vaclavsky-jarmark-v-olesnici-na-morave-6673/
http://www.olesnicko.cz/turisticke-olesnice.html
http://www.turistika.cz/mista/ski-areal-olesnice-na-vysocine
http://www.penzioninspira.cz/tipy-v-okoli
http://www.zamek-vranov-nad-dyji.cz/np-podyji.php
http://www.jizni-morava.cz/?id=1639&typ=1&tpl=42
Thanks for your attention!
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