WW Jan - Mar 2013 - American Association of Small Ruminant

Transcription

In this Issue
Letter from the President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Management Report and Minutes of Board Meetings . . . . . . . . . . 4
Minutes of Committee Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Report of FDA Meeting on Anthelmintic Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Wool&
Wattles
Announcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Books, Bulletins, and Computer Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
National Scrapie Eradication Program Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Serologic Tuberculosis Test Approved for Deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The AASRP Newsletter
January-March 2013
Volume 41, Issue 1
Report from University of California AASRP Members . . . . . . . . . . 6
Meloxicam for Small Ruminants – Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Mission Statement of AASRP
Practice Tip – Baerman Test with a Disposable Wineglass . . . . . . . 8
“To improve the health and
AASRP-L Q&A – G-6-S Genetic Defect in Nubians . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
welfare of sheep, goats,
AASRP-L Q&A – Availability and Legality of Baycox . . . . . . . . . . 8
camelids and cervids,
AASRP-L Q&A – Housing Plans for Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
to further the professional
®
AASRP-L Q&A – Johne’s Disease Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
AASRP-L Q&A – Estimation of Fibrinogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ACT-L Q&A – Treatment of Camelid Endometritis . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
AABP-L Q&A – Avoid Pour-on Cydectin in Goats . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
development of the members,
provide resources to elevate
the standards of small ruminant
AASRP-L Q&A – Vaginal Prolapses and Ringwomb . . . . . . . . . . 10
practice and to be the voice
Florfenicol for Treatment of Ovine Pinkeye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
for small ruminant issues.”
Cesarean Section in Camelids and Future Fertility . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Gangrenous Mastitis in Goats Caused by Bacillus sp. . . . . . . . . . 12
Hyperextension of the Fetlocks in Camelids Remains Unexplained . 12
Use of Teaser Ewes Does Not Increase Semen Output of Rams . . . 13
Surgical Treatment of Otitis Media in an Alpaca . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Diaphragmatic Paralysis in Alpacas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Tuberculosis in Sheep Mistaken for Caseous Lymphadenititis . . . . 14
Fetal Hydrops in Lambs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Salivary Abomasal Disease of Lambs Resembles Floppy Kid Disease . . 14
AASRP Board of Directors Voting Ballot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
George McConnell Award Nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Don Bailey Practitioner of the Year Nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
AASRP Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
AASRP Veterinary College Liaisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Letter from the President
Hello, AASRP Members.
Several years ago, the AVMA started the
Veterinary Leadership Conference in Chicago
for the purpose of bringing all different levels of
AVMA governance, leaders of allied organizations
and emerging younger AVMA members together.
Encouraging more recent graduates to attend
this meeting of all levels of AVMA governance
will hopefully encourage them to become more
involved in national, state and local organized veterinary medicine. AASRP
has been very fortunate to have several of our “emerging leaders” become
active on AVMA Committees and the AASRP Board.
Over the years, the VLC has had a variety of different speakers but all
have been selected to challenge our thinking, help us adapt to changing
views and provide us with new ideas to improve AVMA and our allied
organizations. The best speaker I have been privileged to hear at the VLC is
Robyn Benincasa who led the opening session this year. Robyn is the author
of How Winning Works: Eight Essential Leadership Lessons from the
Toughest Teams on Earth and she uses her experiences in extreme adventure
racing to illustrate her points and encourage us how to work better together
to accomplish our goals.
Robyn’s real job is as a firefighter in San Diego but she has been participating
in extreme sports such as the Eco Challenge for several years. Each team of
four people must have at least one man and one woman and the goal is for
each team to persevere, solve physical and mental challenges, cross a wide
variety of hazardous terrain, and have all four team members cross the finish
line together in the shortest time. She held our attention for 90 minutes and
no one wanted that session to end.
One of the most important points that I took away from her presentation
was her perspective that the winning team is not necessarily the one with
the best individual athletes but the one in which all team members work
well together. She gave several examples of challenges different teams faced
and their unique solutions to difficult problems. During one race, a team
member broke his ankle literally as he walked up to the starting line and the
rest of the team could not compete unless they found a fourth team member
immediately. One team member went from hut to hut in the small village
until they found a 35 year old man who had never ridden a bicycle, been in
a boat and who did not speak the same language as that team. The mantra
for that race became “Dawat would do it”. No matter what task came up,
Dawat did it. He learned how to ride a bike, paddle a kayak and a canoe, run
ridiculous distances and his willingness to try new tasks allowed that team to
participate and finish the race.
At the end of her session, Robyn challenged each of us to write down two
personal goals and two goals related to our business for this year. She wanted
each of us to review those goals frequently and strive to fulfill them over
the course of this year. I have to admit that I remind myself frequently
of my four goals and I am doing very well on my two business goals. At
best, I am treading water to falling behind on my personal goals, but I will
persevere. I would encourage each of you to read her book if you are looking
for different ideas on how to work better with others toward common goals.
It seems like our AVMA representatives are being asked to become more
active in defining policy for AVMA. You might have noticed posts on
AASRP-L asking for your opinions on aminoglycoside use, transport
of controlled substances away from the DEA license address, and more
recently, an inquiry about compounding. Please continue to send us your
ideas, opinions and comments so that the Board truly represents the wants,
needs and desires of AASRP.
Best wishes, Joan Bowen
2
Management Report
Greetings from Franz Management!
We are happy to report that great progress has
been made to build our specific programs with
AASRP since the last publication of W&W!
Our student representative program is off the
ground and running, and our college faculty
liaison program has been updated and better communication is occurring to make Small Ruminant programs more robust and accessible at our Veterinary Colleges around the globe. It is so refreshing
and inspiring to see ideas discussed and approved in a board meeting
take shape and become real-world programs!
Membership renewals are at 81% for 2013 so be sure to take appropriate action if you haven’t renewed yet to avoid a lapse in access
to AASRP benefits. Renewal couldn’t be easier and more convenient,
simply visit www.aasrp.org and renew online or mail in your application!
The website redesign continues as our task force continues to work
on updating content & flow, standardization of formatting, and adding relevant documents & information for AASRP members & students. Your input is invaluable, and we want it! There remains a link
on our homepage where you can send us comments about what you’d
like to see on the website, additional content, and interface recommendations. Each of your comments & suggestions will be reviewed
and implemented where possible!
As previously promised, AASRP members should expect a member
survey to be sent that will help us better meet your needs as an association! Please take the time to fill it out so that your leadership can
determine if AASRP is remaining on the cutting edge for you. You
will be able to access the survey multiple ways, including through
our website, through an emailed link on the AASRP List-serve or
email, or if necessary, a printed version mailed to you. It will take
approximately 15 minutes of your time, but will provide clear guidance to the organization on where we need to be heading to meet the
increased demands of our profession.
As always, if you would like to get involved in a leadership role
within the organization, let us know! There are a multitude of opportunities where you can develop & utilize your skills and make a
real difference in organized veterinary medicine!
Thanks for your continued support!
Dr. Brad Fields & Franz Management Team
STUDENT EDUCATIONAL
OPPORTUNITIES
We receive many requests from veterinary students for information about
externship opportunities. We are asking AASRP Veterinary members if
they are interested in hosting primarily 4th year students for 2-4 weeks.
Information that the students desire includes: - Small ruminant species seen
in your practice, - Busiest months of the year relevant to small ruminant
work, - Practice location, - Availability of housing, and - Preferred contact
information for externship requests. Based on student feedback, we see a
need to update externship opportunity information from the membership.
Thus we are asking for those of you who wish to host Student externs to
contact me directly via email using the following Subject line: AASRP
Externships. Thanks and I look forward to hearing from you. Cindy Wolf,
DVM [email protected]
Wool&Wattles January-March 2013
WELCOME NEW MEMBERS
1st Quarter
Full Members
Dr. Paul Axtell
Dr. Sophie Nash Bengston
Dr. Scott D. Campbell
Dr. Kari Christianson
Dr. Amanda Doran
Dr. Pascal Dubreuil
Dr. Matthew Edson
Dr. Allison M. Fedash
Dr. Diane Ford
Dr. Jacques Fuselier
Dr. Renee Jaklitsch
Dr. William Janecke
Dr. Michael John Kowalewski
Dr. Scott Allen Nebergall
Dr. Dana Ness
Dr. Lori C. Pritchett
Dr. Susan Anne Sickle
Dr. Phillippa Sparke
Dr. Julie Stephens-DeValle
Students
Caroline Bostrom – The Ohio State Univ.
Kenneth Brunson – The Ohio State Univ.
Marsha Bush – Univ. of Wisconsin
Portia DeLoache – Kansas State
Brittany De Wolf – The Ohio State Univ.
Rachel Di Pietro – Univ of Georgia
Emily Donaldson – Cornell Univ.
Jennifer Douthwaite – Univ. of Wisconsin
Hugh Duddy – Oregon State
Juliane Griffith Evans – Oklahoma State
Rachel Faeth – Tufts Univ.
Megan Gorden – Colorado State
Risa Hanninen – The Ohio State Univ.
Kevin J. Jacque – The Ohio Ste Univ.
Michelle Janik – Oregon State Univ.
Jonathan Madara – Univ. of Pennsylvania
Michaela Y. Martin – Tufts Univ.
Kathleen Margaret Morriss – Auburn Univ.
Liza Emily O’Donoghue – Colorado State
Victoria O’Nion – Oregon State
Jessica Ripke – Iowa State
Allyson Ripley – Virginia Tech
Katie Roberts – Cornell Univ.
Jesse Walker Robinson – Univ. of Pennsylvania
Myrrh Sagy – UC Davis
Ryan Douglas Sallie – Auburn Univ.
Anna Tipton – Univ. of Tennessee
Caitlin Williams – Univ. of Missouri
Samuel B. Guss Memorial Fund
Contributions as of March 4, 2013
Dr. Kevin L. Anderson
Dr. Diane R. Biederman-Brynda
Dr. Nancy E. East
Dr. Susan Hirsch
Dr. Pamela Jennings
Jessica Johnson Wallis
Dr. Karin Kaczorowski
Dr. K. Skiff Kane
Dr. Mary Jane Lis
Dr. Yoanna Y. Maitre
Dr. Samuel B. Guss
(1916-1984)
Dr. Joe McCoy
Dr. William David McCracken
Dr. Rebecca Myers Law
Dr. Susan Myers
Dr. Charlotte Rathert
Dr. Michael Rennick
Dr. Tom Smith
Dr. Kelly Still-Brooks
Dr. Robert J. Van Saun
In order to assist senior veterinary students interested in small ruminant medicine, AASRP provides grants each year to help student members of AASRP undertake
extern opportunities. It is not required that the experience be with small ruminants exclusively, but it should provide at least some chance to observe a modern
veterinary practice working with one or more of the small ruminant species.
Over one hundred AASRP-member practitioners throughout the United States – as well as Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Israel and Puerto Rico – offer
externships to students seeking experience in small ruminant medicine. To learn more about the AASRP Student Externship Program, call the AASRP Management
Office at 334-517-1233, or log on at aasrp.org
*Donations for the Sam Guss fund can now be made on line without having to go thru the membership renewal. Here is the link: http://aasrp.org/displayemailforms.
cfm?emailformnbr=143762
2013 Student Grant Recipients
1st Quarter
Due to the continued contributions to the Samuel B. Guss Memorial Fund, the following veterinary students have been
selected and are able to receive grants to help assist with the cost of the externship. Thank you to all of the donors. Your
contribution truly makes a difference!
Alicia Bays - VMRCVM
Dr. Bill Davis – mobile vet – Sonoma County, CA
Rebekah Peterson - Tuskegee
Dr. Cannady – North Carolina State
Michelle Sanborn – UC Davis
Dr. Robin Skillman, Lincoln CA
Shannon Brighenti – Cornell
Umass, Dr. Stephen Purdy
3
Summary of the AASRP Board of
Directors meetings of
Dec 20, 2012, JAN 16 & Feb 20,
2013
December 20, 2012 Executive Board Meeting
The Board :
-
Received reports from Regional Directors
-
Received report that Dr. Elizabeth Hardy attended the
Veterinary Leadership Conference as the AASRP emerging
leader
-
Public Relations committee reported that membership
survey should be initiated in mid-January.
-
Received Management Report from Dr. Fields
-
Approved the 2013 Budget
-
Approved the 2013 Board Meeting schedule
January 16, 2013 Executive Board Meeting
The Board:
-
-
-
Received report from Membership Committee that college liaisons are being communicated with, and 3 student
representative applications have been received.
-
Determined that the general membership meeting will
be held at noon on Monday, July 22, 2013 at the AVMA
Convention. The Board of Directors’ meeting will be held
after the programs are concluded.
-
Reviewed & approved a letter to be sent to each AASRP
representative on AVMA committees to increase our communication platform.
-
Discussed AVMA Nominations from AASRP for Animal
Welfare, Clinical Advisory, and Food Safety Advisory
committees .
February 20, 2013 Executive Board Meeting
The Board:
-
-
Received Financial report details from budget committee
-
-
Approved nomination of Dr. Cindy Wolf to AVMA Animal Welfare Committee
Approved nomination of Dr. Chris Duemler to AVMA
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Clinical Advisory Committee
Approved re-nomination of Dr. Michael Rings to AVMA
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Food Safety Advisory Committee
-
Received report that AASRP is coordinating a wet lab on
Laparoscopic AI Techniques at the AABP meeting.
Received report from College Liaison Committee that
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MWI Veterinary Supply will be donating $1000.00 to the
Student Representative Program to support.
Received report from Membership Committee that there
-
are 8 Student Representatives on board now, and are
working to get website updated with their information.
Received report that the Membership Survey has been
-
tested by committee and board members, being finetuned, and should be ready for implementation by early
March.
Discussed & approved the requested change of wording to
-
current AVMA policy that would result in the following
revised statement: “Until further scientific information
becomes available, aminoglycosides should not be used in
4
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cattle and small ruminants, except as specifically approved
by FDA”.
Discussed current relevant policy updates and legislative
actions that AVMA has ongoing. Specific items discussed
were Minor Use Minor Species policies, Controlled Drug
storage & transport, Veterinary Medical Loan Repayment
award taxation policies, and ongoing equine transport
requirements.
AVMA COMMITTEE ON
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
The following is a summary of topics that were discussed at the AVMA,
CEI, Committee on Environmental Issues, meeting held December 12 13, 2012 in Schaumberg, IL. The CEI worked on drafting AVMA policy
in the following 3 areas: feral swine, integrated pest management and the
use of lead-based sporting ammunition used for hunting and fishing tackle.
Once the CEI does draft a potential policy statement, this will then go to
the Executive Board for their examination. Other topics that were discussed
but no action was specifically pursued included: the disposal of chemically
euthanized animals, hydraulic fracturing and its potential effects on animal
health, green health care practices, One Health commission and the EPA
changes to permissible rodenticides. Several of these topics may be of
interest to AASRP members, but there is no discussion at the present time
that asks specifically for AASRP member input.
Grant C. Seaman DVM AASRP representative to the CEI.
FDA MEETING ON INTERNAL
PARASITES
Last year the FDA hosted a public meeting on antiparasitic drug use and
resistance in ruminant and equine animals. A number of experts from
all over the world attended and the goal was to discuss the current status
of antiparasitic resistance in ruminants and equines in the U.S. and the
discussions focused on how to detect and monitor antiparasitic resistance
and ways antiparasitic drugs can be used, alone or in combination, to
maximize effectiveness and minimize resistance. Today an announcement
appeared that indicates that a summary of this meeting has been prepared.
It is available at the following URL: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/
AnimalVeterinary/ResourcesforYou/UCM344299.pdf
It is a concise review of important concepts and also contains some valuable
information on using combinations of anthelmintics. This information
will be important as we look toward the possibility of getting some new
anthelmintic classes in the US. I encourage you to visit the site and study it.
Bill Shulaw, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
ANNOUNCEMENTS
See the AASRP website <http://aasrp.org/index.cfm> for recent clarification
of the legal use of RFID chips in registered goats. As of March 11, 2014, only
ISO compliant chips may be inserted. As of March 11. 2015, the requirement
will increase to the use of only AIN (animal identification number) 15 digit
chips beginning with a country code, which is 840 for the USA.
The American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (ACSRPC),
an organization dedicated to development and on-farm validation of nonchemical methods of parasite control in sheep, goats, and other livestock,
will be holding its First International Conference on Integrated
Parasite Management (IPM) at Fort Valley State University in Fort
Valley, GA, on May 20-22, 2013. It will be a Train-the-Trainer Conference
to train animal health professionals (Veterinarians, County Extension
Agents, University personnel) in IPM principles, who will then train farmers
in these principles throughout the country. The activities and speakers
at the Conference are described on the website at ACSRPC.org. Topics
include: Biology of parasites - Dr. Ann Zajac, Anthelmintic resistance and
new anthelmintics - Dr. Ray Kaplan, Extending the efficacy of dewormers/
Smart drenching - Dr. Lisa Williamson, The FAMACHA© system – an
aid in the management of haemonchosis in small ruminants - Dr. Adriano
Vatta, Copper oxide wire particles - Dr. Joan Burke, Sericea lespedeza - Dr.
Thomas Terrill and Dr. Jorge Mosjidis, Mechanism of action of tannins - Dr.
Herve Hoste, Fungus and vaccines - Dr. James Miller, Herbal dewormers Dr. Nelson Escobar, Nutrition and pasture management - Dr. Jean-Marie
Luginbuhl, Genetic selection for resistance - Dr. David Riley, Importance
of host response in resistance to nematode parasites - Dr. Jorge Gonzalez,
Extension’s role in parasite control - Dr. Niki Whitley and Susan Schoenian,
International perspectives, South Africa - Dr. Jan van Wyk/Dr. Gareth Bath,
International perspectives, Europe - Dr. Smaragda Sotiraki, International
perspectives, Latin America/Mexico - Dr. Felipe Torres-Acosta, Hands
on FAMACHA© training/those that attended both days get integrated
parasite management (IPM) trainer or FAMACHA© certification. The
third day is devoted to Integrated Parasite Management training, Hands on
FAMACHA© training/trainer certification, and Fecal egg count laboratory
training. Veterinary Continuing Education credits for this conference have
been approved by the Georgia State Board Medicine and the American
Registry of Professional Animal Scientists. For further information contact
Thomas H. Terrill, ACSRPC Coordinator, Fort Valley,GA 31030, 478-8256814 (Office), 478-825-6376 (FAX).
The American Academy of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics is
holding a workshop on “Drugs for Use in Animal Feeds” as part of
their biennial symposium on May 22 through 23, 2013. The flyer sent
out from AVMA comments that this meeting would be helpful for those
interested in learning more about the new animal drug approval process
relating to medicated feeds. More information may be obtained at <https://
m360.aavpt.org/event.aspx?eventID=58865>
The 2013 International Camelid Health Conference will be held
July 11th-14th, 2013 in Corvallis, Oregon. Among the confirmed speakers
are:
Drs. Susanne Stieger, Mike Huber, Bob van Saun, David Anderson, Ahmed
Tibary, LaRue Johnson, Murray Fowler, Jane Vaughan and many more.
Notice the date: this is high summer, when it is beautiful and sunny (we
hope!) in Oregon. Waterfalls, wine country, microbrews, rivers, mountains,
lakes, and beaches.... You’ll see why the pioneers risked life and limb to get
here. I’m also very excited because the Australian Alpaca Veterinary group
will be joining us. I’m assuming some sort of athletic contest will ensue, and
maybe a few songs. Dueling Haiku are not out of the question. For further
information, please contact Chris Cebra ([email protected]).
The registration gateway should be operational by mid-April.
The 2013 AVMA convention will be held at the McCormick Place West
Building, Chicago IL July 19-23, 2013. AASRP has extensive programming
for this convention. Speakers and topics include Saturday July 20th: Paul
Jones (Adding camelids to your practice, Introduction to camelid medicine,
Caring for the camelid neonate, Herd health programs for llamas & alpacas).
Sunday July 21st: Paul Plummer (SOPs for small ruminant practitioners,
Vaccination of dairy and meat goats, Dairy goat milk quality & udder
health, Coxiella: ruminants, wildlife, & environment) and Ann Goplen
(Surgery & anesthesia in sheep & goats 1 and 2, More advanced surgery
in sheep & goats 1 and 2). Monday July 22nd: William Shulaw (Beyond
FAMACHA 1 and 2, Using fecal worm egg counts, Contagious foot rot)
and Cindy Wolf (Effects of copper on sheep health, Ram purchases and flock
health, Caseous lymphadenitis, Prolapses). Tuesday July 23rd: Cliff Shipley
(Hemorrhagic disease in deer, transcervical and laparoscopic AI in small
ruminants, Semen collection & processing for small ruminants, Common
diseases & treatments for white tail deer) and Douglas Wagner (Chemical
immobilization of white tail deer 1 and 2, Fusobacteria & pneumonia in
white tail deer, White tail deer neonatal care). A preview of the program has
been mailed to all AVMA members and more information is available at
<www.avmaconvention.org>.
BOOKS, BULLETINS, AND
COMPUTER WEBSITES
A great source of information for disinfectants and disease control
is the Center for Food Security and Public Health. The link to the homepage
is <http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/?lang=en>. This site is helpful with control
of Salmonella, viral issues, etc. when presenting to producers why we want
to use a certain disinfectant over “soap” or bleach. General information
on disinfection is provided at <http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Disinfection/
index.php>. Recommendations are also given in disease factsheets as to
which disinfectant to use for various common and exotic diseases of small
ruminants. Color photographs of these disease conditions are also provided.
The ACVIM consensus statement is good resource for dealing with
small ruminant GI parasites. It is available (for free) at http://onlinelibrary.
wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02881.x/pdf
While it is a few years old (2006), it should help you to work “smarter” by
utilizing different strategies, rather than just dumping more dewormer at
the problem.
A recently released literature review from Meat & Livestock Australia is
inconclusive and more research is needed on the effect on soil type
and Johne’s disease
http://www.mla.com.au/Research-and-development/Final-reportdetails?projectid=15340
The AVMA euthanasia guidelines (2013) have been made available
at https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf
The Camelid Distance Education Program in co-operation with the MidAmerica Alpaca Foundation Camelid Education Fund have provided
educational videos for camelid owners. These include: Basic
Camelid Handling, Management, and Monitoring; Handling, Restraint,
and Field Anesthesia of Camelids; Heat Stress in Camelids; Neonatal Care
of Camelids; Parasite Control Strategies and Herd Health Programs for
Llamas and Alpacas; Obtaining a Blood Sample and Preparing the DNA
Blood Card; How to Assess Your Alpaca or Llama; How to Give Your Alpaca
or Llama an Injection; How to Remove Alpaca and Llama Fighting Teeth;
How to Pass a Stomach Tube in an Alpaca or Llama; How to Properly Fit a
Halter for an Alpaca or Llama. The videos are available online at <https://
www.arilist.com/academy/educational-videos>
UPDATE: NATIONAL SCRAPIE
ERADICATION PROGRAM - January 2013
is available at http://content.govdelivery.com/bulletins/gd/USDAAPHIS6d500f and includes many maps and charts.
At the end of FY 2012, the percent of cull sheep found positive at slaughter
and adjusted for face color was 0.006 percent. This measure of prevalence
has decreased by 96 percent since slaughter surveillance started in FY
2003. As of January 31, 2013 this measure of prevalence has decreased an
additional 25 percent in FY 2013, from 0.006 percent to 0.0045 percent.
Additionally, in FY 2012, 8 new infected or source flocks in 7 States were
identified. This represented a 47 percent reduction in the number of new
infected and source flocks identified compared to FY 2011. One flock has
been designated a source flock in FY 2013 as of January 31, 2013. The
Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter Surveillance (RSSS) started April 1, 2003. It
is a targeted slaughter surveillance program which is designed to identify
infected flocks. Samples have been collected from 367,332 animals since
April 1, 2003. There have been 462 NVSL confirmed positive animals (454
classical cases and 8 Nor98-like cases) since the beginning of RSSS. As of
January 31, 2013, 12,648 samples have been collected in FY 2013, 1,452 of
which were from goats. One black-faced sheep has tested positive for scrapie
in FY 2013. The number of confirmed positive cases in goats since FY 2002
remains at 31; the last case was reported in February 2011.
5
NEW TUBERCULOSIS TEST
APPROVED FOR DEER
The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is introducing the CervidTB StatPak Antibody Test Kit as a primary test and the Dual Path Platform as a
secondary test for official TB program use in captive elk, red deer, white
tailed deer, fallow deer and reindeer.
Historically, the single cervical tuberculin skin test (SCT) and the
comparative cervical tuberculin skin test (CCT) have been the only
approved official tests for M. bovis in captive cervids. But cervid producers
have pointed out the hazards associated with the handling of captive cervids
for tuberculin skin testing and hesitate to repeat the process twice for a
tuberculosis skin test. A TB test requiring only one handling event would
decrease animal stress and injury and increase the acceptability of testing to
the cervid industry. The availability of a more rapid testing option not only
benefits the cervid industry, but also promotes additional testing, providing
the TB program with new information on the identification and control
of TB.
The newly approved testing methods are based on serological tests, and
therefore a blood sample must be collected from the animal. Only Designated
Accredited Veterinarians (DAVs), who have received training specific to
sample collection and submission are authorized to submit samples for
testing. If a veterinarian is not already a DAV, he or she can become a DAV
via additional training from the local APHIS Veterinary Medical Officer.
The DAV’s training will include such topics as the application of official
identification; the proper collection, handling, packaging and shipping of
samples; and the proper completion of the laboratory submission forms and
tuberculosis testing forms.
Testing of cervid serum samples for bovine TB at NVSL will begin on
February 4, 2013.
APHIS held a webinar on the CervidTB Stat-Pak Antibody Test Kit on
Thursday, January 31, 2013, and the powerpoint and audio track for the webinar have been made available on line. Visit the APHIS website at http://
www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/tuberculosis/
for
CervidTB Stat-Pak Testing Implementation information: CervidTB StatPak Guidance Document, FAQ’s, Implementation Webinar Presentation,
Implementation Webinar Audio from 31 January 2013, and Interim Rule.
REPORT FROM UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA AASRP AND FARM
CLUB
About a month ago, the Food Animal and Reproduction Medicine (FARM)
Club at UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine entered a national
competition through a company called BCF Technology for veterinary
medicine university organizations to win a new ultrasound machine and
training course. We were the only organization from California that entered
in the competition. The competition judged our knowledge, creativity, and
desire for the ultrasound machine. The contest began with a photo round,
then a judged written article, and then was narrowed down to the top 8
universities for video voting. We created a music video that showed why we
need a new ultrasound machine and our enthusiasm for veterinary medicine.
We had a lot of fun creating it, and hope you had just as much fun watching
it! We were proud to be able to reach a wide network of closely connected
people that love to support local California student organizations. We were
able to generate about 2,000 votes for the FARM Club “COW-lifornia
Girls” video, out of a total of 6,000 votes for the eight university entries.
Our entry into the competition was supported by a variety of organizations
such as the California Beef Council, the CVMA, and California 4-H, and
our club was even featured on the CBS13 Sacramento Evening News as well
as Good Day Sacramento. We were honored by the community that came
together to support UC Davis veterinary students.
We are proud to say we have won the competition, and therefore, a new
handheld digital ultrasound machine worth over $10,000. This is going to
provide an invaluable experience to our members, and students for years to
come. We plan on using it during FARM Club wet labs which take place
on the weekends or after school. We already have a trip set up to go to the
UC Davis Dairy to conduct pregnancy checks on our dairy cattle, and are
currently looking for more opportunities to use our new educational tool.
Ultrasound education is very important to veterinary students, and practice
on this machine early in our veterinary education will allow our students
to gain early exposure to ultrasonography and become proficient with
ultrasound technology by their final year of veterinary school. These wet labs
are essential to helping our students learn more about food animal medicine
and preparing them for their careers.
The UC Davis FARM Club exists to provide extracurricular learning and
networking opportunities for students interested in production medicine.
We believe in providing utmost care for animals, while working to ensure
a healthy, wholesome and safe food supply to benefit the world. We have
the unique responsibility to bring sound scientific evidence to our future
clients and to educate the consuming public about the food they eat. This
mission begins in school and continues throughout our careers as food
animal practitioners.
Michelle Sanborn, UCD AASRP Representative
MELOXICAM FOR SMALL
RUMINANTS - EDITORIAL
I have been following the discussion on AASRP-L regarding meloxicam and
wanted to make a couple comments relevant to the discussion. I have also
had Dr. Coetzee review these comments and they conform with his opinion
as well.
1) Along with Dr. Jen Schleining I just authored a chapter on pain
management of small ruminants for the soon to be released Vet Clinics
of North America issue edited by Dr. Coetzee on pain management in
ruminants. I have copied the section regarding oral dosing of meloxicam
below (reference numbers deleted):
6
A study examining the comparative pharmacokinetics of meloxicam
between sheep and goats determined that meloxicam is metabolized at
different rates between the 2 species, with goats metabolizing the drug faster
than sheep. The results of this study were not surprising, because it is known
that goats have the ability to metabolize other drugs faster as a result of
increased hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. A single 0.5-mg/kg
IV dose was used. The elimination half-life in sheep was determined to be
10.85 hours, whereas in goats, it was only 6.73 hours, but both species
showed a similar small volume of distribution. That study extrapolated
an effective concentration target of 0.73 mg/mL from previous published
results in equines and concluded that meloxicam should be administered
by the IV route every 12 hours in sheep and every 8 hours in goats to
maintain levels considered to be analgesic. In a combined pharmacokinetic
and efficacy study in goats in 2010, oral administration was found to have
high bioavailability (79%) and a half-life of nearly 11 hours. Based on
these data, once daily oral dosing at 0.5 to 1 mg/kg was recommended. In
addition, in a small group of kids undergoing disbudding with cautery, half
received daily IM injections of meloxicam at 0.5 mg/kg and half received
placebo. There was a significant increase in comfort level in the first 24
hours after disbudding in the meloxicam-treated group. Another recent
study evaluated the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of meloxicam
in sheep. These investigators found a bioavailability of 72% in sheep. Based
on their pharmacokinetics a reasonable dosing for oral meloxicam in sheep
is a loading dose of 2 mg/kg followed by oral daily administration at 1 mg/
kg. So based on this data we know that oral use in small ruminants has good
bioavailability. The suggested 2 mg/kg loading dose followed by once daily
dosing of 1 mg/kg PO is based on effective concentrations that have been
determined in efficacy studies in other species. Beyond the efficacy study
of the goats being described above we are not aware of other efficacy studies
in small ruminants.
2) In other species meloxicam has been demonstrated to be Cox-2 selective.
However, we know from some other studies that the Cox-2 selective nature
of some NSAIDs is not conserved across all species. Therefore, we must be
somewhat cautious saying that meloxicam is definitely Cox-2 selective in
small ruminants without research to demonstrate that.
3) In terms of ELDU we agree that there are no NSAIDs labeled for
“analgesia” in ruminants in the US. Therefore, we interpret the use of
oral meloxicam to be an acceptable use according to the AVMA flow chart
on ELDU. Here is how we progress through the flow chart (available on
AVMA.org)
i) Are we treating food animal - yes
ii) Is there a drug labeled for food animals that meets the
need - NO (at least not in US at this time - Canada is a different story but they have different regs)
iii) Is there a drug labeled for food animals that could be
used extralabel - NO (again, not at this time)
iv) Is there a human drug or drug approved for non-food
animals that could be used extralabel - YES, but here
is the key to me. They do not distinguish human
from non-food animal, they are on the same scale of
the algorithm
v) Is there adequate scientific data to use ELDU - YES
(in my mind)
vi) Use drug
4) I think we need to be very cautious making anecdotal assessments of pain
mitigation. One major reason why we do not have any FDA labeled pain
control drugs for ruminants is that there is not a validated method of pain
assessment for these species. Ruminants are recognized as stoic species that
do not tend to show overt signs of pain. Unlike humans where we can ask
them to rate the pain, our patients cannot do this and with widely varying
degrees of pain tolerance we need to be cautious in making subjective
assessments.
5) A very wide range of different painful cases have been mentioned,
ranging from chronic osteoarthritis to dog attacks. Just like in human
medicine, any pain mitigation strategy needs to be tailored to the animal
and the condition. In common with human medicine, a multimodal
approach which uses drugs that work at different levels of the nociceptive
pathway tends to provide better results than using a drug with a single mode
of action. Furthermore, the level of pain that needs to be mitigated must
be considered when selecting which drug to use. In my mind, some of the
more severely painful situations discussed would be possible cases where
more potent pain mitigation is necessary. For instance, I find dog attacks
to often require opioids or CRIs to control the pain. Using meloxicam as
the sole means of pain control in most of these animals may be similar to
offering a severe car wreck human patient an aspirin. In our new VCNA
chapter we discuss many of these other options if you are interested.
6) The topic of oral flunixin was brought up. Pharmacokinetics studies
have demonstrated extremely variable pharmacokinetics of the flunixin
oral products in ruminants. No published studies have evaluated the use
of injectable flunixin given orally, however I think there are two things to
consider here. First, that product is very tissue unfriendly and I have serious
concerns about esophagitis and GI irritation due to the formulation of the
injectable product. Secondly, using a product that is designed for an IV
route by giving it orally is much more concerning to me that using a product
that is designed for oral use and that we have good pharmacokinetics (ie.
oral meloxicam).
7) FDA is on record telling us that they
do not deem the IM route for injectable
flunixin as a valid use under AMDUCA.
Use of this product in such a manner is in
direct opposition to the FDAs stated desires
and I believe it carries more risk than using
an oral product as described above.
I should clarify as it may not be completely
clear from this message that I am using a
loading dose of 2 mg/kg once followed by
once daily 1 mg/kg dosing in goats as well as
sheep. In consultation with Dr Coetzee, the
pharmacokinetic data from the goat study
would argue for the higher end of that 0.51 mg/kg range they suggested when given
orally. Lower doses are used when injected
Paul J. Plummer, DVM PhD DACVIM
(LAIM), Iowa State University, Ames IA
7
PRACTICE TIP
from AASRP-L
- Disposable
Wineglass for
Baerman Test
http://veterinarymedicine.dvm360.com/
vetmed/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=80163
1&sk=&date=&%0A%09%09%09&pag
eID=2
Step 1: Place a 10 g or larger fecal sample in
the center of a double layer of cheesecloth
(from the cooking supply section of
grocery stores) or gauze.
Step 2: Wrap the edges around the fecal
sample to make a pouch and secure it with
the rubber band.
Step 3: Pass a pencil, applicator sticks, or a similar object through the elastic
band and suspend the pouch containing the fecal sample over the bowl of
the wine glass.
Step 4: Fill the wine glass completely with tepid tap water. Be sure not to let
the corners of the fecal packet hang over the sides of the wine glass because
they act as a wick for water.
Step 5: Allow the glass to sit for at least eight hours and preferably overnight.
Step 6: Remove the feces and discard.
Step 7: Using a transfer pipette or 1 ml syringe with a needle attached,
aspirate a small amount water from the very bottom of the hollow stem of
the glass.
Step 8: Place a few drops on a slide, add a cover slip, and examine the slide
under a microscope. The slide can be scanned with the 4X objective lens for
the presence of larvae, which can then be examined more closely at a higher
power. Since the morphologic features of rapidly moving larvae can be hard
to appreciate, place one or more drops of Lugol’s iodine solution at the edge
of the cover slip. It will diffuse across the slide and kill the larvae in a straight
position and also provide some staining to help visualize the larvae. Lugol’s
iodine is widely available commercially.
While this is for dogs and cats, it would work for goat feces as well. I would
never have thought of using disposable wine glasses .
Sandra Baxendell, Australia
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER G-6-S in Nubians
Question: Has anyone heard of the G-6-S syndrome? Apparently there is a
genetic test for this inherited problem?
Answer 1: A mucopolysaccharidosis disease (G-6-S deficiency, Sanfilippo
D syndrome) caused by a deficiency of N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphatase
has been identified in Nubians and used as a model for the human disease.
The main clinical sign is failure to grow and thus this genetic disease can
be confused with numerous nutritional, infectious, and parasitic problems.
Animals lack muscle mass and may have a compromised immune system.
Some are deaf or blind. Some survive to breed. In a Michigan study, 25%
of nearly 600 Nubian goats were found to be carriers of the trait. Testing
8
for G-6-S is done at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Lab in College
Station, TX 979-845-3414 or 1-888-646-5623 for $36 to $42.
http://tvmdl.tamu.edu/tests_services/index.php
Search caprine and molecular diagnostics.
Mary Smith, Ithaca NY
Answer 2: Go to the website <http://www.goatworld.com/articles/g6s.
shtml#about> for probably the most common explanation of the defect by
someone known as “Dagby Vidinsh”. The article above is the one that most
goat producers will read. Since this is a simple Mendelian trait, homozygous
individuals for G6S are affected and fortunately many do not survive to
breed. Heterozygous carriers can transmit the trait but look normal. Certain
popular Nubian bloodlines are known carriers and there is quite a difference
in incidence based on the bloodlines common in an area. The defect was
first described in Michigan and the DNA test was developed through testing
Michigan Nubians. Both Nubian and Nubian crosses can be affected, but
the defect does not occur in other breeds.
Joan Bowen, Colorado
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Availability and Legality of Baycox®
Question: I was wondering if any of you had experience using Baycox in
alpacas for coccidia/E. Mac? One of my clients asked me about it and I was
not familiar with the drug. I did call Bayer to get some info and they told
me it was approved in Canada but not in the United States so I couldn’t
get it anyways. Which brings me to my next question - if as a licensed and
accredited veterinarian in the United States, I am not allowed to purchase
Baycox, why can Light Livestock Equipment purchase and distribute
Baycox to my clients???!!!
Answer: I cannot speak to the efficacy of the drug, but my interpretation of
the legalities is that there are a couple of points to make:
1. Drugs approved in other countries but not in the US cannot be used
legally in the US (reference AMDUCA related to extralabel use, which says
that unapproved drugs are not covered by AMDUCA, as well as the Federal
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, which in essence says that if you use a drug
without an approval, it is illegal).
2. Channels of drug distribution issues are common sources of consternation
and discussion in food animal veterinary groups. Why can prescription drugs
be purchased over the counter in some areas? Why does one veterinarian get
nailed for a residue caused by the farmer reading a label wrong, while driveby prescribers are given a pass? One of the big issues relates to jurisdiction,
that is, that drug distribution is regulated mainly at the state level by state
boards of pharmacy, which are notoriously unfamiliar with veterinary issues.
Another issue is that the resources for drug enforcement at the federal level
by the FDA are scarce, and often focus more on FOOD issues than DRUG
issues (at least by my personal assessment of actions taken). I’m sure there
are other excuses, I mean, reasons, as well, but there it is.
Not very satisfying, I know, but perhaps take heart in the fact that most
ethical veterinarians agree that there are problems with the system that are
not being adequately addressed.
Virginia R. Fajt, Texas A&M University
As for housing and fencing plans, two books that might be helpful (both
available from Amazon) are Building Small Barns and Shelters by Monte
Burch and Fences for Pasture and Garden by Gail Damerow. Unless they
really want to increase their flock size, they might want to keep the building
small if you have very cold winters. Another good resource is Premier Sheep
Supply and they have a lot of educational materials about raising sheep on
their site www.premier1supplies.com. A particularly helpful section in
their “Guide to All Things Sheep” is a very good discussion about planning
fencing before you build anything.
Is there a reason why they purchased 5 rams for just 14 ewes? Are some of
these this year’s ram lambs that could still be castrated? In my opinion, 5
rams is far too many to maintain for just 14 ewes and they may have fighting
issues with this many males. There is considerable expense to maintaining
ram power, and it may be much more economical for them to pick the
two least related rams to the ewe flock, keep those two and sell the others.
They could alternate using those two rams for 3-4 years before having to
replace them and it would be much less expensive to replace the rams than
to maintain 5 for several years. Probably not what they want to hear when
they are so happy with their new sheep, but the cost to maintain 5 rams is
considerable.
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Johne’s Disease websites
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Housing Plans for Sheep
Question: I’m looking for resources for designing a small scale sheep
handling facility. A new client has purchased a small flock (14 ewes and 5
rams) of Babydoll sheep to graze the grass of their vineyard. Owners and
staff have no knowledge or experience with sheep. They currently have no
handling facilities, but are planning to build a barn. I’d like to provide some
design information. These sheep are small - ewes weigh ~75 lbs.
Answer 1: For $12.00 at Midwest Publication Service < www.mwps.org>
you can purchase “sheep housing and equipment handbook” which has
been around for decades. They also have a publication on hoop housing
for several species including sheep. At <www.extension.psu.edu/animals/
sheep> there are multiple references and you can use the search at the top
right for “housing sheep” to get at least three PDF’s on sheep housing. And
much more only for the cost of your own printing.
B J Campbell, Montpelier, VA
Answer 2: Before they go too far down this path, you might have them
think about how many sheep they are going to maintain, where they plan
to house them and how they are going to have them graze the vineyard.
Are there any other vineyards in your area who are grazing sheep this way?
I have to admit that I know people do it, but I don’t think that they can
continuously run the sheep around the vines. They may have to have a
series of lanes or alleys to move the sheep to and from the vineyard, but not
plan for the sheep to be in the vineyard year round.
Question: I have a client with a small herd of goats. The owners purchased
goats from various sources. Within a 2 week period, they lost 2 animals
to Johne’s disease. The first was an aged Alpine/Nubian wether about 11
years old. He started losing weight and had intermittent diarrhea. He was
positive to Johne’s via PCR on feces. He eventually became recumbent and
I euthanized him. The second was a pygmy female about 10 years old. She
became weak and died within 48 hours. I performed a post mortem. She
tested positive to Johne’s by PCR on a fecal sample and intestinal lymph
node. Acid fast organisms were observed in the lymph nodes. Both goats
came from different sources. Is this just really bad luck? How transmissible
is the disease in goats? I always assumed transmission would be harder
than in cattle due to the consistency of the manure. The owner is now very
paranoid about disease in the remaining goats. How effective is manure
screening in adult goats?
Answer 1: What about doing ELISA serology on the herd? Certainly, you will
miss early infections, but you could find those which are probably shedding
relatively quickly and cheaply and get them out of the herd, reducing
contamination. Then, later, you could run ELISAs on periparturient dams’
colostrum which will enable you to identify possible at risk neonates. It is
also a little more sensitive, as the dam concentrates her antibodies in the
colostrum. You will need to find a lab that will willing to run colostrum.
The U of Idaho’s Caine Center Lab is one that will run them. Contact Dr.
Beth Mamer at 208-454-8657.
Marie S. Bulgin, Caldwell ID
Answer 2: Both you and your client would benefit from going to the <www.
johnes.org> website and looking over the information there. Also, there
is a handy pamphlet put out by the National Johne’s Education Initiative
called “Johne’s Disease Q & A for Goat Owners” available from www.
animalagriculture.org or 13570 Meadowgrass Drive, Suite 201, Colorado
Springs, Colorado 80921. A lot of the information and pictures in the
pamphlet come from the johnes.org website, but it is nice to have on hand
to give owners to have something to go back to and read as they get over the
shock of the diagnosis.
9
Answer 3: Thanks Joan - that is a good site. Australia also has an online
course for vets working with Johne’s disease for the Market Assurance
Porgram for Johne’s disease.
http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au
I found this article on line: Pithua, P. and N. S. Kollias (2012). “Estimated
prevalence of caprine paratuberculosis in Boer goat herds in Missouri,
USA.” Vet Med International 2012: 674085.
The objective of this study was to estimate true animal-level and herdlevel prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)
antibodies in Missouri Boer goat herds. Sera harvested from blood samples
collected from goats >/=24 months of age in 25 Missouri Boer goat herds
were tested for presence of MAP antibodies using a commercial ELISA kit.
Herds were declared positive for MAP if one or more goats in the herd tested
positive for MAP antibodies. True animal, within-herd, and between-herd
prevalences were calculated using the Rogan-Gladen estimator and were
1.4% (95% CI = 0.1 to 3.6%), 3% (95% CI = 0 to 6%), and 54.7% (95%
CI = 28.2 to 86.2%), respectively. Findings in this study confirmed that
MAP infection is endemic in Missouri Boer goat herds.
Sandra Baxendell, Australia
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Estimation of Fibrinogen
Question: Yesterday I dropped off some goat blood at our local small
animal clinic for a CBC / Chemistry. They were unable to run a fibrinogen
because they do not have a precipitator. The vet there told me that he
remembered hearing of a large animal vet who had a portable centrifuge in
his truck. He would spin blood, heat it on something under the hood, then
respin it for fibrinogen. Just wondering if anybody knows a cheap way to
run a fibrinogen.
Answer: You can compare the refractometer readings (total solids=total
protein) from red top and purple top (EDTA) samples; the difference
approximates fibrinogen.
Ruedi Waelchli, University of Guelph
ACT QUESTION AND ANSWER
- Treatment of Endometritis in
Camelids
Question: On transrectal U/S, an alpaca with a history of “infertility” had a
thickened uterine wall and free fluid. I need to culture her and I’m guessing
do IU therapy . Is uterine cytology useful in camelids? I know this girl is
most likely infected, but I am wondering about repeat breeders that show
no abnormalities on ultrasound. Method of treatment? I’ve read about
indwelling IU catheters, but I would think that would lead to pathogens
getting entry into the uterus as well. Can they be treated like mares with
a standard IU pipette? Duration of therapy? Is it 3-5 days as in the mare?
I assume a smaller volume. Vaginal speculums - what are people using and
can you do a uterine culture through a spec ? I have a size 7 glove, so can
do most transrectal US, so am guessing I can pass a culture swab with digital
guidance, but am still curious.
Answer: Please no indwelling catheter!
There are no controlled studies on diagnosis/treatment of endometritis
in camelids. We all have adapted equine procedures to handle this (The
wonders of Comparative Theriogenology). Cytology is very important; we
use the equine cytobrush. If you want to take samples for bacteriology, use
a double guarded swab , catheterize the cervix, take sample and leave the
outer-guard to insert the cytobrush. That way you do not have to catheterize
10
the cervix twice (sometime complicated if the cervix becomes edematous).
Do not use estrogen (as it has been recommend before) to “open” the cervix.
Normal cervix should be easy to catheterize if the female has a follicle.
Uterine biopsy is great! If you plan for it use a Turrel human rectal punch.
We have been using approaches described by Dr. Michelle LeBlanc (TrisEDTA etc..) to get rid of biofilm. We have seen outbreaks of Pseudomonas
endometritis in some herds. After treatment we use a modified Minimum
contamination breeding technique to avoid recontamination. It is primarily
based on limiting the duration of mating and sometimes pre-treating female
with antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory drugs. All females handled this
way receive GnRH for induction of ovulation.
Ahmed Tibary, Pullman, WA
AABP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Avoid Pour-on Cydectin in Goats
Question: Anyone using cydectin pour on for cattle orally in goats? If so,
at what dose?
Answer 1: LOTS of people are doing it, but it is not good medicine. It was
commonly done before the sheep drench was released. Those with more
initials and more knowledge than I say emphatically that is should NOT
be done now that we have an approved oral product at least for sheep, both
for AMDUCA like reasons but also because we have no real data about
absorption in goats of the pour on. I would refer you to Dr. Ray Kaplan
at Georgia <[email protected]> who knows as much about this as anybody
and way more than I.
I have to stay on this soapbox for a moment. Moxidectin should not
be used for goats except as a last resort. Be sure that ivermectin has lost
its efficacy before switching to moxidectin. If you create resistance to
moxidectin, you will have already made ivermectin useless. (Moxidectin and
ivermectin work by the same mechanism, moxidectin is just a little more
potent.) If ivermectin is no longer effective, moxidectin may continue to
be effective for a short period of time before resistance develops. Emphasis
on short, unless significant management changes are made. If this producer
has lost ivermectin (and presumably the benzimidazoles) it is time to have
a long educational discussion about parasite control, FAMACHA, grazing
practices, multiple species, etc. rather than throwing some moxidectin at the
parasites. Levamisole may be the drug of last resort, if you can find it, but
resistance to it will develop, too. If they do go to moxidectin, it would be
very important to monitor fecal egg count reduction, from the very first use.
Joe Snyder, Portland, OR
Answer 2: We might be about 5 years ahead of you down here in wormland.
Cydectin pour-on orally doesn’t seem to work anymore around here in the
Boer goats that need a salvage dewormer. We used it when we had nothing
else and switched to the sheep drench form when it was available. We
have tried to use it as a salvage, we tried to be real “cagey” about what we
were using to keep from promoting its use. Once they picked it up on the
internet everybody was doing it. Whether we like it or not, natural selection
is quickly eliminating the goats without some natural resistance AND the
producers that misused dewormers.
Mark W. Hamrick, Lexington, NC
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Vaginal Prolapses and Ringwomb
Question: A local farmer has about 75 cross-bred ewes (Hamp/Dorset/
Suffolk/misc.) He periodically adds stock from various places (Texas,
Illinois, Connecticut...) This year he had a high rate of ringwomb and
vaginal prolapses. The incidence was much higher in the newly introduced
animals; he did not see a connection to age or parity; and only a few animals
* Not sure - but perhaps zearalenone mycotoxin? But sheep are pretty
tolerant of it so just a suggestion.
So I would agree with the suggestion from her friends that hay quality may
be an issue. I have never seen a genetic issue - always management in my
experience.
Paula Menzies, Guelph, Ontario
had both a prolapse and ringwomb. He corrected all of the prolapses
himself with a retainer. He initially would also give them a dose of LA 200
but found that they would continue to strain. He started treating them with
a sulfa drug, and the straining stopped and he did not have any lambing
problems with the sulfa treated group. Any thoughts on what he’s dealing
with?
Answer 1: We all have questions, I think, about ringwomb. Especially,
when it occurs in a group. I have often wondered if there isn’t some
previous mineral or nutritional imbalance, but I have never been able to
establish it. However, the continued straining after prolapsing could be
due to bladder infections. I see that occasionally and have had the same
experience using sulfa drugs versus tetracycline. I, too, have heard the
connection with coccidia, but I don’t tend to believe it. The reason being
that prior fecals, in a couple of my cases, have not indicated that the number
of coccidia present should have been a problem. However, I have found
bladder infections are usually present. It is certainly reasonable that they
would have bladder infections, considering that the mouth of the urethra
is exposed to the elements while the prolapse is hanging out. Having had
bladder infections myself over the ages, they are definitely painful and will
certainly make you strain. Sulfas are renown for being useful for bladder
infections. Thus, I routinely use them when replacing prolapses and believe
it makes a difference.
I agree with the comments about short tail docks but also the propensity for
prolapsing can be genetic. I bought a Dorset buck once long ago and over
half of his ewe lambs prolapsed. I seldom experienced the problem before
his acquisition. Needless to say, he didn’t stay in the flock. I do see one or
two a year (we have about 250 ewes), usually in older ewes carrying triplets
or more; another reason for prolapsing. I have to admit, though, that is
related to poor management, when the hay they are being fed isn’t the best
and they aren’t on any concentrate.
If all of the prolapsing animals are newly purchased, it would be interesting
to note whether they are related as well.
Marie Bulgin, Caldwell ID
Answer 2: In my experience, the following are the most important risk
factors for a flock outbreak of vaginal prolapse:
* Poor quality forage (large rumens, lots of fetuses and smaller body size when they lie down, vulva may open and vagina becomes irritated). May
be worse in ewe lambs that are overconditioned with lots of abdominal fat.
* Overcrowding at the feeders, lots of pushing and shoving at feeding time
(anecdotal only)
* Feeder design (use of feeders that require the animal to stand on tip-toe
to reach in where hay is fed, e.g. cattle feeders)
Much less commonly:
* Red clover or disease-stressed alfalfa hay as 100% of diet - may
contain phytoestrogens which may cause relaxation of the pelvic ligaments.
Haven’t seen issues if fed at < 1/3 of hay fed though. Again anecdotal.
FLORFENICOL CONCENTRATIONS
IN OVINE TEAR FLUID
FOLLOWING INTRAMUSCULAR
AND SUBCUTANEOUS
ADMINISTRATION AND
COMPARISON WITH THE MINIMUM
INHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS
AGAINST MYCOPLASMAL
STRAINS POTENTIALLY
INVOLVED IN INFECTIOUS
KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
The intramuscular route will give substantially higher and more effective
concentrations in tears.
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep has been ascribed to agents such
as Branhamella ovis and Chlamydia spp, but many papers suggest that
Mycoplasma spp play a causal role. Mycoplasma conjunctivae is often isolated
in outbreaks and pure cultures of the organism can reproduce the disease.
Other species reported to be involved with keratoconjunctivitis include
M. agalactiae and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides. Topical or parenterally
administered tetracycline or oxytetracycline is used in severely affected
animals to shorten the course of the disease because some antibiotics diffuse
into the lacrimal fluid after parenteral administration. Another drug used
to treat infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle is florfenicol, and this study
was designed to evaluate its penetration into ovine tears after intramuscular
(IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administration. Nine healthy adult female
Lacaune sheep were used, and each animal received florfenicol by the two
routes of administration with at least a 1 week washout period between
trials. The drug was given as a single dose of 20 mg/kg either IM in the right
gluteal muscle or SC in the right flank. Blood (through a jugular catheter)
and tear samples (using Schirmer tear strips) were collected at frequent
intervals for 24 hours. The absorption rate of florfenicol was significantly
higher for the IM than the SC route. An average Cmax of 6.2 ug/ml was
reached in plasma in 55 min after IM administration, whereas the plasma
Cmax was only 1.3 ug/ml, reached at 130 min after SC administration.
Likewise, maximum florfenicol concentrations in tears were higher after
IM (2.74 ug/ml) than SC (0.56 ug/ml) administrations The average
concentration in tears over 24 hours was approximately 3 times higher
after IM (0.70 ug/ml) compared with SC (0.22 ug/ml) administration.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of florfenicol were determined for
multiple species and strains of mycoplasmas and ranged from 0.5 to 8 ug/
ml. Only the IM route had any chance of exceeding the MIC. The authors
note that sheep clear florfenicol twice as fast from the plasma as cattle do and
proposed that florfenicol could be administered at 40 mg/kg IM every 12
hours for microbiological effectiveness against most susceptible Mycoplasma
spp. The article cites other papers that report relatively poor penetration
of oxytetracyline into lacrimal fluid of sheep, with concentrations in tears
reaching only 1/7 to 1/10 of the serum concentration. Still, oxytetracycline
is reported to be quite efficacious for treating pinkeye in sheep.
A. Regnier et al.
AJVR 74:268-274, 2013
11
CESAREAN SECTION IN ALPACAS
AND LLAMAS: 34 CASES (19972010)
There was no apparent negative effect on future fertility or parturition.
Dystocia occurs in only 1 to 5% of parturitions of South American camelids,
and reportedly can be the result of abnormal fetal position or presentation,
failure of cervical dilatation, uterine torsion, uterine inertia, and uterine
rupture. Techniques for cesarean section have been well described, but
the subsequent fertility of animals undergoing the surgery has not been
previously reported. This paper is a retrospective study of alpacas and llamas
undergoing cesarean section at 3 veterinary medical teaching hospitals (The
Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Kansas State University)
from January 1997 to July 2010, and includes 34 camelids. They were 2 to
12 years old with a median age of 5. Ten were primiparous, 16 multiparous,
and 8 of unknown status. The stated reason for the surgery was uterine
torsion (38%), malposition of the fetus (17.5%), inadequate cervical
dilation (17.5%), vaginal stricture (6%), and one case each of uterine
torsion with inadequate dilation of the cervix, failure to progress in stage
2 labor, unknown cause, fetopelvic disproportion, dead malformed fetus,
owner-elected cesarean, and emergency terminal surgery in an animal after
collision with a car. A vaginal examination was performed, with use of a
1 to 3 ml caudal coccygeal epidural injection of 2% lidocaine if straining
was excessive, and enhanced by the use of a vaginal speculum. Fetal viability
was assessed through manual palpation of fetal movement in 10 cases and
transabdominal ultrasonography in 17 cases. The anesthesia technique used
was sedation with IV butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg) and xylazine HCl (0.3 mg/
kg) plus a local block with 2% lidocaine (appropriate for field surgery) or
with general anesthesia using sevoflurane or isoflurane in oxygen. Care
should be taken to not exceed 2 mg/pound body weight of 2% lidocaine =
1 ml per 10 pound, to avoid lidocaine toxicity. The most common surgical
approaches were left proximal lateral abdominal and ventral midline. Most
crias are in the left horn, but care should be taken to avoid inadvertent
incision into the spleen caudal to the last rib when performing a left lateral
approach. Crias were encouraged to breath after delivery by vigorous rubbing
with a towel and were given oxygen through nasal intubation. All 34 dams
received antimicrobials, especially ceftiofur sodium (2.2 mg/kg SC q 12 h).
Flunixin meglumine at 1.1 mg/kg IV or IM q 12 h was administered to 33
dams. With the thought that treatment might facilitate uterine involution
or fetal membrane elimination, 26 animals were treated with cloprostenol
(250 ug IM) on the day of surgery and oxytocin ( 5 to 10 IU IM) 2 to
4 times in a 12 hour period until the membranes were expelled). Of the
34 crias delivered via cesarean section, 20 were born alive and discharged
from the hospital and 14 were born dead or died shortly after delivery. Fetal
death was significantly associated with prolonged dystocia (greater than 6
hours before admittance to the hospital). Retained fetal membranes (> 6
hours) occurred in 30 dams, but a dead cria did not increase the risk of
developing retained fetal membranes and most of these dams showed no
systemic signs of illness while hospitalized. Major complications included
incisional hernia, uterine prolapse, peritonitis and bacterial pneumonia with
peracute sepsis; 3 animals died as a result of their complications. Of the 21
dams that were bred after cesarean section, 2 were unable to conceive and
19 became pregnant after a 2 to 6 month voluntary waiting period. Sixteen
had at least one normal vaginal delivery with a live cria after the initial
surgery. The authors believe that fetal survival could have been improved
with more rapid intervention; any dam failing to progress in stage 2 labor
and give birth within 20 minutes should be examined by a veterinarian
without delay.
B.A. Miller et al.
JAVMA 242:670-674, 2013
12
GANGRENOUS MASTITIS CAUSED BY
bacillus SPECIES IN SIX GOATS
Culture and sensitivity is warranted, as resistance to cephalosporins may be
encountered.
The most common organism isolated from the udder of goats with
gangrenous mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus, but in this series, a Bacillus
species was isolated in pure culture from all 6 cases. Only one was identified
to species level (B. cereus). The organism is considered to be ubiquitous
in the environment, and factors predisposing the goat to mastitis remain
unknown. The goats presented with an acute febrile response, inappetence,
band neutrophils and hyperfibrinogenemia, believed to be due to
endotoxemia. The affected udder half was swollen, enlarged and warm
above but cool below a line of demarcation in the skin. The secretion from
the affected half was initially blood-tinged. Penicillin and cephalosporins
showed poor efficacy, and in 5 of the isolates from these goats resistance to at
least one beta-lactam antimicrobial was demonstrated in the laboratory. All
goats survived with intensive fluid therapy along with flunixin meglumine
for its anti-inflammatory action. Five of the goats were treated systemically
with extralabel oxytetracycline or florfenicol. The gangrenous portions of
the mammary gland sloughed in 1 to 2 months (without requiring a surgical
mastectomy), with eventual healing of the skin. Follow-up was available for
5 goats, all of which kidded successfully after the mastitis event, and 2 of
them had production above herd average in the subsequent lactation. One
goat became anemic to the point of requiring a blood transfusion, possibly
the result of a hemolysin produced by the Bacillus although hemoglobinuria
was not observed.
V. Mavangira et al.
JAVMA 242:836-843, 2013
EVALUATION OF SERUM
TRACE MINERAL, VITAMIN D,
AND SEX STEROID HORMONE
CONCENTRATION, AND SURVEY
DATA IN LLAMAS AND ALPACAS
WITH METACARPOPHALANGEAL
AND METATARSOPHALANGEAL
HYPEREXTENSION
Serum zinc was higher but serum copper and sex steroids did not vary when
compared with controls.
Hyperextension of the fetlock joints can affect camelids of any age and can
lead to degenerative joint disease and decreased ambulation. A previous study
identified low liver copper and high serum zinc in affected camelids but these
differences were not significant when only adult llamas were compared. A
follow-up study in juvenile llamas revealed high serum molybdenum and
low liver cobalt. The current study used serum samples from 79 llamas
(46 affected and 33 control, usually from the same farm as an affected
animal) and 15 alpacas (4 affected and 11 control). Additionally surveys
were sent to 170 llama and alpaca owners in the Pacific Northwest, with a
35% response rate. Owner surveys were completed for 57 of the 94 animals
from which serum was submitted. Despite similar mineral supplementation
practices between affected and control animals, an association of higher
serum zinc and iron concentrations was found in affected animals. Serum
copper concentrations were not significantly different between affected and
unaffected camelids (but may not be as accurate as liver concentrations.)
Nor were differences found for serum manganese, molybdenum, selenium
or cobalt. The association with high serum zinc remained in adults when
they were analyzed separately but no differences remained for juvenile
animals. Unexpectedly, vitamin D concentrations were significantly
higher in affected camelids than in unaffected controls (especially July to
December) but coat color had not been recorded and hence this possibly
confounding factor could not be evaluated. When segregated by sex, no
significant differences were found in testosterone, estradiol, or progesterone
concentrations. The owner survey covered 573 llamas and 399 alpacas and
revealed that llamas were significantly more likely to develop hyperextension
of the fetlocks (13.3%) than alpacas (0.7%). Most (93%) of the owners
supplemented all animals with trace minerals, and no differences were
detected in management factors between affected and unaffected animals.
The median age of onset was 10 years, and only 10% of animals initially
developed the condition as juveniles (<4 years). Forelimbs were mainly
affected (80%), followed by all 4 limbs (19%). Signs worsened over time
in 60% of animals. Related animals (siblings, offspring, sire or dam) were
known to be affected for 29% of affected animals, whereas 20% did not
have affected relatives and relationship was unknown for 51%. Most owners
did not see any improvement with treatment though 2 thought that weight
loss resulted in improvement and one animal treated with homeopathy was
believed by the owner to have improved. Even if the association with higher
serum zinc (still within the reference range) is real, the source of the zinc
(increased consumption of mineral or contact with galvanized fencing, or
feed or water tubs or increased absorption) remains unknown.
S.A. Semevolos et al.
AJVR 74:48-52, 2013
EFFECT OF EXPOSING RAMS TO A
FEMALE STIMULUS BEFORE SEMEN
COLLECTION ON RAM LIBIDO AND
SEMEN QUALITY
Effects of teasing were minimal and did not persist when semen was
collected for multiple days.
False mounts and physical restraint of the dairy bull before semen collection
have been shown to increase the production of sperm. It would be helpful
when performing artificial insemination to increase the sperm produced by
rams per ejaculate, as only 10 to 15 breeding units are obtained per ejaculate
when used for cervical insemination (200 million sperm per dose) and fewer
than 100 doses per ejaculate when used for laparoscopic AI (<50 million
sperm per dose). In a first experiment, 5 control rams were exposed to the
sight and smell of a ewe not in estrus for 1 hour before being collected
with an artificial vagina using a ewe in estrus as a mount. The procedure
was repeated for 5 consecutive days. The other two treatment groups, 6
rams each, used exposure for 1 hour to a ewe brought into estrus with
the aid of a vaginal sponge and injection of 400 IU of equine chorionic
gonadotropin, followed by collection of semen off the same or a novel ewe
in estrus. There was no effect of treatment on the ram’s reaction time or
number of mounts before ejaculating into the artificial vagina. Treatment
did not affect semen volume, but a lower volume was collected on day 5
for all treatments. On the first day of the experiment teasing with a ewe in
estrus (by either technique) resulted in increased semen concentration and
sperm numbers when compared with use of the teaser ewe not in estrus,
but the effect did not persist for the remainder of the trial. In a second
experiment, the ram was placed in a pen with a ewe for 15 minutes (not in
estrus = control, in estrus and the same ewe used during collection, or in
estrus and a novel estrous ewe used to collect semen). The teaser ewe’s vulva
was covered with an apron to prevent intromission. This experiment was
repeated for 4 consecutive days. There was no effect of treatment on reaction
time, number of times the ram mounted before ejaculating or total sperm
numbers. The semen volume was increased for the first collection day of
the series by teasing with the ewe in estrus. Thus use of a teaser ewe before
collection is attempted is of minimal benefit with rams.
A.G. Fahey et al.
J Animal Science 90:3451-3456, 2012
MODIFIED EAR CANAL ABLATION
AND LATERAL BULLA OSTEOTOMY
FOR MANAGEMENT OF OTITIS
MEDIA IN AN ALPACA
The surgery preserved the external ear while supplying drainage to the
middle ear.
Otitis media in camelids is believed to usually arise from an ascending
respiratory infection (up the Eustachian tube) rather than from extension of
an otitis externa. The anatomy of the ear canal and bulla makes examination
and treatment difficult. The osseous canal of the external acoustic meatus has a
sigmoid shape which makes otoscopic examination impossible without the use
of an endoscope. The acute angle of the ear canal and a multicompartmental
tympanic bulla prevent thorough lavage of the horizontal ear canal in the
standing animal. The patient in this case study was an 11-week-old female
alpaca with a 2 week history of discharge from the right ear, right ear
droop, head shaking, right head tilt, weight loss, and melting corneal ulcer.
Radiographs revealed increased opacity of the right tympanic bulla and petrous
temporal bone. Computed tomography confirmed a thickened and sclerotic
right bony tympanic bulla with soft tissue attenuating material in the right
bulla and ear canal. A subtotal ear canal ablation (preserving the uninvolved
external pinna) and a lateral bulla osteotomy (LBO) were performed under
general anesthesia, using a modification of a technique reported for dogs. A 5
cm vertical skin incision was made overlying the vertical ear canal, beginning
just ventral to the tragus, and continuing cranioventrally. The proximal
portion of the vertical canal and the horizontal canal were dissected free and
removed, exposing the external acoustic meatus. The facial nerve was gently
retracted and an air-driven burr was used to enlarge the external acoustic
meatus and perform a LBO through the honeycomb-like bone of the ventral
bulla. The bulla was lavaged and suctioned and an 0.25 inch Penrose drain
was placed in the tympanic bulla, exiting the skin through a 1 cm incision
below the primary incision, which was subsequently closed. The right eye was
then enucleated. Analgesia was maintained postoperatively with a morphine,
lidocaine, ketamine CRI and a 50 ug/h fentanyl patch. Flunixin meglumine
(0.5 mg/kg bid), potassium penicillin (22,000 U/k IV q 6 h) and enrofloxacin
(5 mg/kg IV bid) were administered along with pantoprazole (1 mg/kg IV
once daily) for ulcer prophylaxis. The drain was removed after 48 hours and
the fentanyl patch after 3 days. The surgery site healed uneventfully and the
head tilt gradually improved. Ten months after surgery the head tilt was
totally resolved although the right ear was not held fully erect. The animal
was believed to be doing exceptionally well and had been returned to its herd.
J. P. Sumner et al.
Vet Surgery 41:273-277, 2012
NEUROLOGICAL CAUSES OF
DIAPHRAGMATIC PARALYSIS IN 11
ALPACAS (VICUGNA PACOS)
Suspect this condition if the abdominal muscles of the dyspneic animal
contract inwards on inspiration.
A review of the records at the veterinary teaching hospitals at Colorado
State and Washington State Universities from January 2000 to December
2009 disclosed 11 juvenile alpacas with confirmed bilateral paralysis of the
diaphragm. The six females and 5 intact males were 2 to 12 months old
when they presented for signs of respiratory distress or labored breathing.
They were all tachypneic with 48 -72 breaths per minute (normal range
15-35) and some were cyanotic or open mouth breathing. Additionally,
4 were ataxic and 4 were extremely thin. Changes in CBC and serum
chemistry were minimal, though 5 were hyperglycemic. Fibrinogen and
globulin concentrations were within normal limits for all 11 alpacas.
Arterial blood gas samples were obtained from the medial saphenous vein
of 7 animals; 6 were hypercapneic and all 7 were hypoxemic. Intranasal
oxygen supplementation did not improve the PCO2, PO2, or respiratory
pattern. Selenium was within reference range for 8 of 9 alpacas tested, while
serum vitamin E levels were low on 3 of 9 animals (all from Colorado).
Various serologic, culture, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy,
and PCR diagnostic tests were performed on different alpacas, with mostly
13
negative results. Lateral and dorsoventral thoracic radiographs were obtained
on 9 alpacas. Radiographic signs were consistent with pulmonary atelectasis
in 3 and interstitial pneumonia in 5, while 1 alpaca had cranial displacement
of the diaphragm. Thoracic fluoroscopy was performed on 8 alpacas and
demonstrated findings consistent with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, as
there was minimal to absent cranio-caudal movement (one-half of a vertebral
body) of the diaphragmatic crura. Fluoroscopy in sternal recumbency caused
minimal respiratory distress to the animals. None of the alpacas appeared to
improve with any medical therapy while hospitalized. The onset of clinical
signs to death or euthanasia in 6 alpacas averaged 26 days with a range of
2–68 days. No signs of inflammation or infectious organisms were noted on
necropsy of 6 alpacas. Distal axonal degeneration of 1 or both phrenic nerves
was observed in all 6 alpacas. Four also showed myelin degeneration of the
distal phrenic nerves. Two alpacas had spinal cord lesions as well as phrenic
nerve degeneration and 2 alpacas had degenerative lesions of only the phrenic
nerve or multiple nerves. Reports in humans, dogs, and horses describe similar
degenerative lesions. Moderate to severe myofiber atrophy was widespread in
diaphragmatic muscles of 2 alpacas and multifocal, mild, nonsuppurative
perivascular myositis was seen in 1 of these. No etiologic agent was identified.
Of the 5 alpacas that were discharged from the hospital, 1 died 2 weeks later
while the other 4 (none of which had been ataxic) slowly returned to normal
respiration over 4 to 6 months. Vitamin E supplementation might have been
helpful in these cases.
S Byers et al.
J Vet Internal Med 25:380-385, 2011
AN OUTBREAK OF TUBERCULOSIS
IN LLEYN SHEEP IN THE UK
ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL SIGNS
Tuberculosis can be easily confused with caseous lymphadenitis, and acid-fasts
may be scarce.
Few reports of Mycobacterium bovis infection in sheep have been published,
and most lesions have been detected at slaughter inspection or as incidental
findings at necropsy. This report from England concerns a flock of 220 ewes
and 7 rams of the Lleyn breed. There were no cattle on the farm but active
badger sets were present. [Badgers are often infected with tuberculosis in the
UK.] Some ewes had shown marked, unexplained weight loss and illthrift since
2004, but the local slaughterhouse reported no problems with the sheep on
meat inspection. In 2008, possible trace mineral deficiencies were addressed,
with no improvement in flock health. The next year necropsy of three thin
ewes by the flock’s veterinary surgeon showed enlarged purulent mediastinal
lymph nodes in all ewes, and enlarged mesenteric nodes in one ewe. CLA
was suspected, but routine bacteriology of affected lymph nodes did not yield
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. In October 2009, eight blood samples
collected from ewes with illthrift were negative for CLA antibody by ELISA
test. In early November two ewes were submitted to a government laboratory.
Postmortem findings included multiple lung abscesses and caseous/purulent
lesions in liver, spleen, hepatic, inguinal and mesenteric nodes Routine
cultures, Ziehl-Neelsen smears and Gram preparations failed to identify any
causative organisms. Histopathological examination revealed a chronic,
pyogranulomatous pneumonia, lymphadenitis and hepatitis. Mineralization,
plasma cells and giant cells featured in the histopathology. Ziehl Neelsen
stains of the sections did not show any acid-fast bacteria. CLA antibody tests
on thin ewes in the flock were again negative. A further three thin, 2-4 year
old ewes were submitted for necropsy and this time rare acid-fast organisms
were identified by acid-fast stain in the lesions of mineralized lymph nodes and
purulent pneumonia. Mycobacterial cultures of lesioned tissues yielded M. bovis
of the local spoligotype. The flock was then tested with a comparative tuberculin
test, using intradermal M. avium on one inner thigh and M. bovis on the other.
Initially 23 reactors were found, and these were culled; 20 showed gross lesions.
After 4 flock tests at 2 month intervals all remaining sheep were negative on
tuberculin testing and movement restrictions were lifted. The owner reported
that the sheep were in far better body condition than they had been in the
previous 4 or 5 years. Many color photographs are included in the report.
GM van der Burgt et al.
Vet Record 172(3):69, 2013
14
HYDROPS FOETALIS WITH
PULMONARY HYPOPLASIA IN
CHEVIOT AND CHEVIOT-TEXEL
CROSS-LAMBS
Fluid filled lambs can cause dystocia and may have a genetic etiology.
Fetal hydrops is an excess accumulation of fluid subcutaneously and in the
body cavities. This short communication describes a cluster of fetal hydrops
cases in Cheviot and Cheviot cross lambs on one farm in England. Five lambs
were born with severe generalized edema, and all 5 were delivered by cesarean
section. In addition to the subcutaneous fluid and accumulation of fluid in the
thoracic and abdominal cavities, the lungs appeared small. No lymph nodes
were apparent on gross exam, but lymphatics and lymph nodes are difficult
to detect in unstimulated ovine fetuses. A review of the literature suggests that
fetal hydrops is often a genetic defect in sheep. In the current case, the three
lambs affected the first year had the same grandsire while the 2 lambs with the
problem the following year had the same sire. An underlying infectious, toxic,
or nutritional etiology was not detected. In particular, there was no evidence
of Schmallenberg virus or exposure to poisonous plants. Reported causes of
fetal hydrops in humans include immune mediated erythroblastosis (Rhesus
factor) and nonimmune causes such as placental or umbilical cord disorders,
hematological disorders, infections, chromosomal abnormalities, tumors
and congenital anomalies. Cardiovascular defects, including myocarditis, are
reported to be the commonest cause in humans (21 per cent), with 5.7 per cent
due to lymphatic dysplasia.
C Alleaume et al.
Vet Record 171(25):646, 2012
CLINICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL
AND HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN
LAMBS AFFECTED BY ‘SALIVARY
ABOMASUM DISEASE’
Young lambs are weak and lethargic, with abdominal distension but no diarrhea,
in a condition that resembles floppy kid disease.
In Greece, lambs and kids aged three to 17 days old frequently develop a disease
termed salivary abomasum disease. The condition is characterized by lethargy,
absence of suckling, hind limb weakness, increasing abomasal/abdominal
distension, dehydration and frequent lying down, often close to a water trough.
Without treatment, the condition progresses to lateral recumbency with
abdominal pain, bruxism and death within one to four days. Profuse salivation
(typical of watery mouth, an E. coli condition in younger lambs) is not a feature
at any stage of the disease. At necropsy, the abomasum is distended with gas
and saliva along with mixed milk clots. Additionally, multiple small abomasal
hemorrhages with blood clots (‘coffee grains’) are visible on both the serosal and
mucosal surfaces. This is a report of 37 lambs presented alive and subsequently
euthanized and 24 other lambs submitted dead. The lambs were 3 to 17 days
old, with a median age of 6 days. No treatments had been given other than tube
feeding milk if the lamb had been noted to be inappetent. None of the lambs
showed signs of other diseases such as diarrhea, polyarthritis, meningitis, hepatic
necrobacillosis, respiratory infection or omphalitis Nephrosis was diagnosed
grossly because of pale yellow to brown kidneys in 13 lambs and as acute tubular
nephrosis histololgically in 11 lambs. The pH of the abomasal contents ranged
from 1 to 2.8. No Sarcina-like or clostridial organisms were detected in the
abomasum on histology, though mild to moderate inflammatory cell infiltrates
were often present, and anaerobic cultures were negative. No hemorrhages were
found in the intestines, and the condition is known to occur in flocks that are well
vaccinated against clostridial diseases. Normal plasma protein concentrations in
the lambs submitted alive ruled out failure of passive transfer. There are many
similarities between the condition seen in these lambs and ‘floppy kid disease’,
a metabolic acidosis without dehydration. Further work is needed to clarify
the acid-base status of lambs with salivary abomasum disease. Anecdotally, oral
sodium bicarbonate has successfully treated some affected lambs.
G. Christodoulopoulos et al.
Vet Record 172(4):100, 2013
2013 AASRP BOARD OF DIRECTORS – VOTING BALLOT
Vote only for the director of the district in which you reside. After making your selection, check the box adjacent to the
nominee and sign on the signature line to validate. Ballots must be received by May 31st. Please return your ballot to the
management office by faxing to 334/270-3399, by e-mail to [email protected] or by mail to the address at the bottom of the page.
(Affiliate, Associate and Student Members are not eligible to cast a vote.)
Director, Region 2 (Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia,
Virginia, Indiana, Michigan and Ontario)
Susan Myers DVM, graduated from Michigan State University in 1998, is a mixed animal practitioner and partner at
West Michigan Veterinary Services in addition to being certified in veterinary acupuncture. She provides medical and
surgical care for sheep, goats, alpacas, llamas, dogs, cats, and dairy cattle, with a special interest in small ruminant
reproduction, especially alpacas and sheep. She currently serves on the AASRP membership committee, participates
in the Michigan State University practice based ambulatory program for students, is active in her local 4H and raises
Suffolk sheep as club lambs.
Write-In: _________________________________________________________________________________________
Director, Region 4 (Washington, Oregon, California, Hawaii, Alaska, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico,
Idaho, Nevada, British Columbia, Alberta, Yukon Territory and Northwest Territory)
Elizabeth Hardy DVM, is a private practitioner in a mixed animal practice outside of Seattle, WA. She is a recent graduate
from Western University of Health Sciences in 2011 and is living her dream of providing both mobile and clinic based
mixed animal medicine. Before veterinary school, she worked with a large alpaca farm in her hometown of St. Louis,
MO and then went to work for several years with sheep at Colorado State University in orthopedic research. Her love
of small ruminants and camelids carried her through vet school and to start the large animal portion of the practice she
joined after graduation. Her interests include small ruminant disease management in the small family farm, education
for farmers and families, potbelly pigs, and geriatric care of small ruminants and camelids.
Write-In: _________________________________________________________________________________________
President Elect
Patty B. Scharko, DVM, MPH, DACVPM is the field/extension veterinarian in Clemson Livestock Poultry Health animal
health programs for beef cattle and small ruminants, foreign animal disease diagnostician (FADD), designated scrapie
epidemiologist for South Carolina and professor at Clemson University. DVM from UGA 1983, MPH from UNC-Chapel
Hill 1989, and Diplomate of American College of Preventive Medicine 1994.
Write-In: _________________________________________________________________________________________
Ballots will be counted on May 31, 2013, and announced at the 2013 AASRP Annual Membership Meeting in Chicago, IL
during the AVMA Convention in July. Results will also be posted in the next issue of Wool & Wattles. Thank you for your
participation in this very important process!
Signature: _______________________________________________________________________ Region/State:____________
Please Print Your Name: ___________________________________________________________________________________
AASRP • P.O. Box 3614 • Montgomery, AL 36109
Phone: 334/517-1233 • Fax: 334/270-3399 • Email: [email protected]
2013 ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SMALL RUMINANT PRACTITIONERS
Held In Conjunction With The Avma Annual Convention
July 19-23 At Mccormick Place® West Building
2301 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60616
Membership Meeting Will Be Held Monday, July 22, 2013 At 12:00 (Noon) Room Tbd
15
GEORGE McCONNELL AWARD
George McConnell was an enthusiastic supporter of the Intermountain Veterinary Meeting (now Western
Veterinary Conference) and of the American Association of Sheep and Goat Practitioners (now AASRP). He
was vice-president of the H.C. Burns Company (now Butler Veterinary Supply). By his support, a fledgling
association took root and grew to what we have today. This award embraces his foresight, work, support,
and his fun-loving enthusiastic desire for education of small ruminant veterinarians.
The purpose of this award is to recognize the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners
member who exemplifies the ideals and dedication of George McConnell and who has given extraordinary
service to both the association and small ruminant practice.
Nomination Procedure. Nominations are due May 31st, to the management office of AASRP. Nominations
are reviewed for appropriate criteria and forwarded to the Board of AASRP for selection of recipient. The
president will seek approval from the board of directors. By nature of this being a prestigious award it may
not be awarded every year.
The Award. The award is an individualized engraved myrtlewood plaque that is created in Salem, Oregon.
The presentation of this award will be given at the AASRP Annual Membership Meeting.
Listed below, are the criteria required for consideration:
1) List educational history
2) List description of and percent of veterinary work devoted to small ruminant species
3) List description of involvement in the AASRP organization
4) List description of involvement in other veterinary organizations
5) List offices that have been held in organized veterinary medicine
6) List contributions to veterinary medicine and other small ruminant industries
7) List description of involvement in community service
8) List any awards that indicate service to others
Nominee: _____________________________________________________________________________
Submitted by: ____________________________________________________ Date:_________________
Nominations may be submitted by fax, email or by mail.
Please make sure all required documentation is attached or enclosed
with your nomination form.
American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners
P.O. Box 3614
Montgomery, AL 36109
Phone: 334/517-1233 • Fax: 334/270-3399
Email: [email protected]
16
Dr. Donald E. Bailey
Practitioner of the Year Award
Dr. Don Bailey set the standard for small ruminant practitioners. He loved being a veterinarian, servant of
the community, teacher of youth and of colleagues, giver of time, talents and laughter, and above all a wise
parent and loving spouse. Our association is better because Don put his stamp on it. We therefore give this
award, named in his honor, to recognize the AASRP Small Ruminant Practitioner of the Year.
Nomination Procedure. Nominations are due May 31st, to the management office of AASRP. Nomi
nations are reviewed for appropriate criteria and forwarded to the board of AASRP for selection of the
recipient.
The Award. The award will be an etched glass bowl. The glass represents clearness of purpose and
transparency of greatness, the bowl represents a reservoir for values necessary for success. The presen
tation of this award will be given at the AASRP Annual Membership Meeting.
Listed below, are the criteria required for consideration:
1) Must be a member in good standing of AASRP
2) Must be a member of his or her national veterinary association
3) Must be a member of AASRP for at least 10 years
4) List recipient’s work, must involve at least one species of small ruminants
5) List offices that have been held in organized veterinary medicine
6) Must have involvement in community service
7) List awards and recognitions received
8) List small ruminant involvement
9) List mentoring activities
10) List why you have nominated this individual
Nominee: _____________________________________________________________________________
Submitted by: _____________________________________________Date:_________________________
Nominations may be submitted by fax, email or by mail.
Please make sure all required documentation is attached or enclosed
with your nomination form.
P.O. Box 3614
Phone: 334/517-1233 • Fax: 334/270-3399
17
AASRP Board of Directors
Director, Region 1
President
Dr. William P. Shulaw
Dr. Joan Bowen
Veterinary Extension
5036 E County Rd. 60
4030 Alton Darby Creek Rd.
Wellington, CO 80549
Hilliard, OH 43026
Phone: 970.568.3613
Phone: 614-292-9453
Cell: 970.217.0447
Fax: 614-292-4142
[email protected]
[email protected]
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
Term: 7/12 – 7/14
President Elect
Director, Region 2
Dr. Joan Dean Rowe
Dr. Patty B. Scharko
24580 Cache Street
PO Box 102406
Capay, CA 95607
Columbia, SC 29224-2406
Phone: 530.752.0292
Phone: 803-788-2269 x290
Fax: 530.752.4278
[email protected]
[email protected]
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
Immediate Past President
Dr. Jim Fallen
9300 Guadalupe Trail NW
Albuquerque, NM 87114
Phone: 505.897.3787
Fax: 505.898.8402
[email protected]
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
Director, Region 3
Dr. Clifford Shipley
University of Illinois, CVM
1008 West Hazelwood Dr.
Urbana, IL 61802
[email protected]
Term: 7/12 – 7/14
Director, Region 4
Dr. Annika M. Rogers
5520 S W Cherry Ave
Corvallis, OR 97333
Phone: 541-602-2062
[email protected]
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
Secretary
Dr. William P. Shulaw
(See Director, Region 1)
Treasurer
Dr. Patty B. Scharko
(See Director, Region 2)
AVMA Delegate
Dr. Paul Jones
Woodburn Vet Clinic
225 South Pacific Highway
Woodburn, OR 80634
Home: 503.982.2421
Cell: 503.982.2425
[email protected]
2009-2017
AVMA Alternate Delegate
Dr. Joan Bowen
2009-2017
Management Headquarters
Franz Management
P. O. Box 3614
Phone: 334/517-1233
Fax: 334/270-3399
Executive Director
Dr. Brad Fields
Cell: 334/521-2502
AASRP Representation for AVMA Offices & Committees
Executive Board
Dr. Michael Whitehair
(2012-2013)
AVMA Delegate
Dr. Paul Jones
(2009-2017)
Alternate
Dr. Joan S. Bowen
(2009 – 2017)
Legislative Advisory
Committee
Dr. Seyedmehdi Mobini
(2011 – 2014)
Alternate
Dr. Kelly Still Brooks
(2011 – 2014)
Committee on
Environmental Issues
Dr. Grant Seaman
(2012 - 2015)
Clinical Practitioners
Advisory Committee
Andrea Mongini
(2010-2013)
Alternate
Dr. Jonathan Bergmann
(2011 – 2014)
Animal Agriculture
Liaison Committee
Dr. Jeanne M. Rankin
(2005 – 2014)
Alternate
Dr. Amy Robinson
(2008-2014)
Food Safety Advisory
Committee
Dr. Joan Bowen
(2007-2015)
Alternate
Dr. Donald Rings
(2012-2013)
Animal Welfare Committee
Dr. Joe Snyder
(2007-2013)
Alternate
Dr. Peregrine Wolff
(2007-2013)
Committee on Disaster &
Emergency Issues
Dr. Grant Seaman
(2012-2015)
AASRP Committee Chairs
•
•
•
•
•
18
Nomination – Dr. Paul Jones
Continuing Education – Dr. Joan Rowe
College Liaison – Dr. Jim Fallen
Governance – Dr. Paul Jones
Membership – Dr. Annika Rogers
•
•
•
•
Budget & Finance – Dr. Patty Scharko
Student Educational Opportunities – Dr. Cindy Wolf
Sam Guss Fund – Dr. Cindy Wolf
Public Relations – Dr. Michelle Kutzler
AASRP VETERINARY COLLEGE LIAISONS
Auburn University
Misty Edmonson, DVM
1500 Wire Road
Auburn, AL 36849
Ph: 334-844-4490
Fax: 334-844-4368
[email protected]
Colorado State University
David Van Metre, DVM, DACVIM
Associate Professor
Animal Population Health Inst.
CVM and Biomedical Sciences
Ft. Collins, CO 80523-1678
Ph: 970-297-1299
Fax: 970-297-1275
[email protected]
Cornell University
Mary C. Smith, DVM
Ambulatory/Prod Med
Box 29
NYS College of Vet Med
Ithaca, NY 14853
Ph: 607-253-3140
[email protected]
Iowa State University
Paul J. Plummer, DVM PhD DACVIM
College of Veterinary Medicine
2426 Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center
Ames, IA 50011
Ph: 515-294-8522
[email protected]
Kansas State University
Patricia A. Payne, DVM, PhD
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/
Pathobiology
College of Vet Medicine
1600 Denison Ave.
Manhattan KS 66506 - 5600
Ph: 785-532-4604
[email protected]
Louisiana State University
Marjorie S. Gill, DVM
Vet Teaching Hospital & Clinics
Skip Bertman Drive
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Ph: 225-578-9574
[email protected]
Michigan State University
Judy Marteniuk, DVM, MS
736 Wilson Road
East Lansing, MI 48824-1314
Ph: 517-353-9710
Cell: 517-712-0506
[email protected]
Mississippi State University
Sherrill Fleming, DVM
Associate Professor
Food Animal Medicine
Box 6100
Mississippi State, MS 39762
Ph: 662-325-2198
[email protected]
North Carolina State University
Kevin L. Anderson, DVM, PhD
Dept of Food Animal Health and
Resource Management CVM
4700 Hillsborough St.
Raleigh, NC 27606
Ph: 919-513-6245
Fax: 919-513-6464
[email protected]
[email protected]
Ohio State University
Michael Rings, DVM
601 Vernon Tharp Drive
Columbus, OH 43210
Ph: 614-292-6661
[email protected]
Oklahoma State University
Lionel Dawson, DVM
Oklahoma State University
Boren Vet Med Teaching Hosp
Farm Road
Stillwater, OK 74078
Ph: 405-744-8584
[email protected]
Oregon State University
Michelle Kutzler, DVM, PhD, DACT
Dept. of Animal Sciences
312 Withycombe Hall
Corvallis, OR 97331-6702
Ph: 541-737-1401
Fax: 541-737-4174
[email protected]
Purdue University
A.N. (Nickie) Baird, DVM, MS
Diplomate ACVS
Associate Professor
Large Animal Surgery
Dept. of Vet. Clinical Science
625 Harrison St.
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026
Ph: 765-494-8548
Fax: 765-496-2641
[email protected]
University of Georgia
Lisa Williamson, DVM
UGA College of Vet Medicine
Large Animal Department
1810 Clotfelter Rd.
Athens, GA 30622
Ph: 706-542-9323
[email protected]
University of Illinois
Clifford F. Shipley, DVM, DACT
Assistant Director, AACUP
1008 W. Hazelwood Dr.
Urbana, IL 61802
Ph: 217-333-2479
Fax: 217-333-7126
Cell: 217-493-2958
[email protected]
University of Minnesota
Cindy Wolf, DVM
225 VMC, 1365 Gortner Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108
Cell: 507-450-5453
Ph: 612-625-1780
Fax: 612-625-6241
[email protected]
University of Missouri
Dusty W. Nagy, DVM
Assistant Teaching Professor
Food Animal Medicine & Surgery
900 E. Campus Drive
Columbia, MO 65211
Ph: 573-882-6857
[email protected]
Texas A & M University
Virginia Fajt, DVM, PhD, DACVCP
Clinical Assistant Professor
326-C VMA
Dept. of Vet. Physiology & Pharmacology
Hwy. 60, VMA Bldg., MS 4466
College Station, TX 77843
Ph: 979-845-7299
Fax: 979-845-6544
[email protected]
University of Pennsylvania
Marie-Eve Fecteau, DVM
Diplomate ACVIM-LA
Asst. Professor for Food Animal
Medicine and Surgery
New Bolton Center
382 W. Street Rd.
Kennett Square, PA 19348
Ph: 610-925-6208
Fax: 610-925-8100
[email protected]
Tufts University
Sandra L. Ayres, DVM
200 West Borough Rd.
North Grafton, MA 01536
Ph: 508-839-7956 x 84605
[email protected]
University of Tennessee
VACANT
Tuskegee University
VACANT
University of California
Joan Dean Rowe, DVM
Vet Medical Teaching Hospital
24580 Cache St.
Capay, CA 95607
Ph: 530-752-0292
[email protected]
University of Florida
Fiona Maunsell, PhD, MS, BVSc,
DACVIM
Large Animal Clinical Sciences-FARMS
University of Florida-CVM
2015 SW 16th Avenue
Gainesville, FL 32610
Ph: 352-294-4077
Fax: 352-392-7551
[email protected]
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sheila McGuirk, DVM, PhD, MS, DACVIM
School of Veterinary Medicine
2015 Linden Drive West
Madison, WI 53706
Ph: 608-263-4437
[email protected]
Virginia/Maryland Regional CVM
D. Phillip Sponenberg, DVM, PhD
Professor, Pathology & Genetics
Dept. of Biomedical Sciences
100 Duckpond Drive
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, VA 24061
Ph: 540-231-4805
Fax: 540-231-6033
[email protected]
Western University of Health
Sciences
Spring K. Halland, DVM, CVA, DACVIM
Assistant Professor, Large Animal
Internal Medicine
Western Univ of Health Sciences
College of Vet Medicine
309 E. 2nd Street
Room 248 BVCC
Pomona, CA 91766-1854
Ph: 909-469-5626
[email protected]
FOREIGN COLLEGE LIAISONS
Ross University
Jerry Roberson, DVM
Ross University School of Veterinary
Medicine
P.O. Box 334
Basseterre, St Kitts
Ph: 732-898-0065
Ph: 869-4645-4161 ext 1436
[email protected]
University of Guelph
Paula Menzies, MPVM
Associate Professor
Ruminant Health Management Group
Ontario Veterinary College
Guelph, Ontario CANADA
N1G 2W1
[email protected]
University of Montreal
Pascal, Dubreuil
Faculte de medicine veterinaire
3200 Sicotte St-Hyacinthe PQ
J2S 7C6
Ph: 450-773-8521 x8266
Fax: 450-778-8101
University of Prince Edward Island
Jeffrey Wichtel, BVSC PhD DipACT
Associate Professor
Chairman, Dept of Health Mgt
Atlantic Veterinary College
550 University Avenue
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
CANADA C1A 4P3
[email protected]
University of Saskatchewan
Lyall Petrie, BVMS, MRCVS
Dept of Lg Animal Clinical Sciences
Western College of Vet Medicine
52 Campus Drive
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
S7N 5B4
Ph: 306-966-7087
Fax: 306-966-7174
[email protected]
NOTE TO STUDENT: If you cannot
reach your liaison contact please contact
[email protected]
Washington State University
Steven M. Parish, DVM
Professor Large Animal Med/Surgery
Diplomat ACVIM
New Vet Teaching Hospital
Pullman, WA 99164
Ph: 509-335-0711
[email protected]
19
Membership Application
Fax:
youAssociate
provide: (you
may select as manyIndustry
as apply)Government
Academician/Researcher
Associate
Student
Y
N
Laparoscopic AI
Foreign
$
US
Funds
$105
$130
$130
$
Signature:
Security Code:
Date:
Exp. Date:
No
**A this
taxform
deductible
the
Samuel
B. Guss
Memorial
helps provide
small
grantsoffice
to student
*Please mail
with paymentcontribution
to AASRP, P. O.to
Box
3614,
Montgomery,
AL 36109-0614
or faxFund
(334) 270-3399.
Please contact
the AASRP
members
ofquestions.
AASRP to undertake extern opportunities in veterinary practices, working with one or more of
at 334-517-1233
with any
* *A tax deductible
contribution
to thespecies.
Samuel B. Guss Memorial Fund helps provide small grants to student members of AASRP to undertake extern
the small
ruminant
opportunities in veterinary practices, working with one or more of the small ruminant species
CAN ALSO JOIN OR RENEW MEMBERSHIP
AT WWW.AASRP.ORG
TOTALYOU
ENCLOSED
$
DUES PAYMENTS MADE BY CREDIT CARD MAY BE FAXED TO 334-270-3399
$52.50
$65
$______
____Retired
AASRP,toP.O.
BOX
3614,
MONTGOMERY,
____Contribution
Samuel
B. Guss
Memorial
Fund
$ AL 36109
_
AND MAIL WITH THIS FORM TO:
$
$
$
US Funds
$
$
$
Yes
Visa
MasterCard
Check
(payable to AASRP and drawn on US bank in US funds)
Card #:
Associate
Signature:
Veterinary
Exp Date:
Student
$15
$20
$
st
____1 PLEASE
Year Graduates
$52.50
$65
$_______TO AASRP
MAKE
YOUR CHECK
PAYABLE
Credit Card Number:
Non-Veterinarian
$105
Veterinarian
Payment Method: □ Check □ Mastercard □ VisaPAYMENT METHOD:
DUES STRUCTURE:
U.S./Canada
TOTAL ENCLOSED
If you marked yes, do you provide: (you may select as many as apply)
Do you provide reproductive services for goats?
Foreign
YU.S./Canada
N
Veterinarians
$105
$130
Non-Veterinary Associates
$105
$130
Embryo transfer
Semen collection & evaluation
Laparoscopic AI
Transcervical AI
Veterinary Students
$15
$20
Ultrasonography
for
pregnancy
diagnosis
**Contribution to Samuel B. Guss
Memorial Fund
Retired Veterinary Members 50% discount off of regular fee
Ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis
All dues
must be
paidcollection
in U.S.& funds.
Embryo
transfer
Semen
evaluation
Transcervical AI
Would you accept externships?
If you
marked yes, do you provide:
(you may select as many as apply)
MEMBERSHIP
DUES
Do you provide reproductive services for sheep?
___Ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis
Non-Veterinarian:
___Embryo transfer ___Semen collection & evaluation ___Laparoscopic AI ___Transcervical AI
If you marked
yes, do
Veterinarian:
Owner/Partner
Other
Please check the category that best describes you:
___N
Year Graduated:
Do you provide reproductive services for sheep and goats? ___Y
Veterinary College:
Would you accept externships? ___Yes ____No
E-mail:
Non-Veterinarian: __Associate __Student
Phone:
Country:
Please check the category that best describes you:
Veterinarian: __Owner/Partner __Associate __Academician/Researcher __Industry __Government
Other__________________________________
VETERINARY
City/State/Zip
Code:_COLLEGE______________________________________YEAR GRADUATED___________
E-MAIL________________________________________________________________________________
Address:
□ Home □ Office
PHONE_______________________________FAX_____________________________________________
Clinic/Business:
CITY/STATE/ZIP________________________________________________________________________
Name:
ADDRESS___________________________________________________________ ___ □ Home □ Office
CLINIC/BUSINESS______________________________________________________________________
NAME________________________________________________________________________________
Membership Application
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SMALL RUMINANT PRACTITIONERS
Wool & Wattles
the AASRP Newsletter
P.O. Box 3614
NONPROFIT ORG.
U.S. POSTAGE
Montgomery, AL
PERMIT NO. 88
PAID
change service requested

WW Jan - Mar 2013 - American Association of Small Ruminant

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