Pentax Digital Spotmeter - Large Format Landscape Photography

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DIGITALSPOTMETER
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ISPECIFICATIONS
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L
( 1 0 0 A S A ) E V 1 - 2 0 ( E V 2 0 d i s p l a y e da s " 0 " ) .
A S A , 6 - 6 4 0 0 ; S h u t t e rS p e e d , l l 4 O O O
s e c .- 4 m i n . ; A p e r t u r e , fl 1 - 1 2 8 ;
E V N u m b e r , l - 1 9 - 2 1 3 ;l R E , 1 - 1 0 .
M e a s u r i n gA n g l e :
1 "_
M e a s u r i n gD i s t a n c e s : F r o m a b o u t 1 . 5 m t o i n f i n i t y - f i x e d f o c a l l e n g t h .( F o c u s i n gd o w n t o a b o u t
1 m p o s s i b l eb y s c r e w i n gt h e e y e p i e c eo u t a s f a r a s i t w i l l g o ) .
M e a s u r i n gM e t h o d :
S p o t r r r e a s u r i nogf r e f l e c t e d l i g h t . ( M e t e rs w i t c h e so n w h e n b u t t o n p r e s s e d ) .
E x p o s u r eR e a d - O u t : L E D d i g i t a ld i s p l a yo f E V N u m b e r s( 1 0 0 A S A ) , a n d u p t o t w o d o t s ( e a c ho f
w h i c h e q u a l s+ 1 / 3 E V ) .
P h o t o s e n s i t i v eC e l l :
S i l i c o nP h o t o D i o d e
PowerSource:
O n e 6 V s i l v e ro x i d e b a t t e r y ( N o . 5 4 4 o r e q u i v a l e n t )o r N o . 5 3 7 a l k a l i n eb a t t e r y .
B a t t e r yC h e c k :
F a i l u r eo f L E D d i g i t a ld i s p l a yt o i l l u r n i n a t ei n d i c a t e b
s a t t e r y n e e d sr e p l a c i n g .
M e a s u r i n gR a n g e :
Scales:
-\
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V i e w fi n d e r :
FilterSize:
Dimensions:
Weight:
Additional:
P e n t a p r i s mt y p e w i t h u n r e v e r s e dl,a t e r a l l yc o r r e c t i m a g e .O b j e c t i v ea n d
e y e p i e c el e n s e sS u p e r - M u l t i - C o a t eadn d p e n t a p r i s ms p e c i a l l ys i l v e r e df o r
b r i l l i a n t v i e w f i n d e r i m a g e .E v e n i l l u m i n a t i o na c h i e v e dw i t h f i n e l y g r o o v e d
f r e s n e ll e n s .1 o s p o t i n d i c a t e di n c e n t e ro f v i e w fi n d e r ,a n d l a r g eL E D P a n e l
a p p e a r s a tt h e b o t t o m . V i e w f i n d e r c o v e r a g es i m i l a r i n s h a p et o t h a t o f a 3 5 m m
S L R , a n d w i t h a d i a g o n a lf i e l d o f v i e w o f 2 6 " , h o r i z o n t a l f i e l d o f 2 2 " , a n d
v e r t i c a lf i e l d o f 1 4 " ,a d j u s t a b l ee y e p i e c eo f - 2 L o + 1 d i o p t e r .
40.5mm.
4 4 m m ( D )x 1 4 4 m m ( H )x B 3 m m ( W ) .
25Bg (with battery).
E q u i p p e dw i t h T r i p o d S o c k e t , s u p p l i e dw i t h c a s e ,W r i s t S t r a p , b a t t e r y , a n d
L e n sC a p .
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N O M E N C L A T UER
ASA lndex
ASA Scale
A S A / S h u t t e r S p e e dD i a l
- S h u t t e r S p e e dS c a l e
--- Aperture Scale
Aperture/EVNo. Dial
* - ' -E V N o . S c a l e
lRE Scale
l R E S t a n d a r dI n d e x
Objective Lens'-- *-^j
M e t e r i n gB u t t o n " * ' - '
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E y e p i e c eA d j u s t m e n t
Lock Ring
Eyepiece Lens
E y e p i e c e( R u b b e r ) F r a m e
Battery Chamber Cover
Tripod Socket
WristStrap Eyelet
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I S P E C I A LF E A T U R E S
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1 . S m a l l e n o u g ht o b e p o c k e t a b l e .
2 . L i g h t e n o u g ht o c a r r y a n y w h e r e .
3 . S t r o n g l yr e s i s t a n t o s h o c k ( n o m o v i n g p a r t s i n
e x p o s u r em e a s u r e m e nst y s t e m ) .
4 . L E D d i g i t a ld i s p l a yv i s i b l eu n d e ra n y l i g h t i n g
c on d i t i on .
5 . C a n f o l l o w t h e f a s t e s ta c t i o n a n d w o r k i n t h e
d i m m e s t s u r r o u n d i n g sb e c a u s eo f t h e
i n s t a n t a n e o urse s o o n s eo f t h e S i l i c o n
Photo Diode.
6 . H u m a n e n g i n e e r e df o r t h e p e r f e c tg r i p a n d
o p t i m u m h a n d l i n ge a s e .
7 . O b j e c t i v ea n d e y e p i e c el e n s e sS u p e r - M u l t i C o a t e da n d p e n t a p r i s ms p e c i a l l ys i l v e r e df o r
b r i l l i a n tv i e w i n g .
8 . S t a b i l i z eC
r i r c u i te l i m i n a t e sL E D f l i c k e rf o r
c o m f o r t a b l ev i e w i n o .
9 . D i g i t a l d i s p l a ye x c e p t i o n a l l yl a r g ef o r v i e w i n g
ease.
1 0 . D i g i t a ld i s p l a y( E V N o . , 1 0 0 A S A ) g i v e n i n 1 / 3
E V s t e p st o m a t c h t h e A S A , S h u t t e r S p e e d ,
A p e r t u r e , a n d E V N o . S c a l e sf o r p r e c i s ea n d
e a s yt o m a k e s e t t i n g s .
1 1 . T h e m i n u t e 1 o a n g l eo f v i e w o f t h e D i g i t a l
S p o t m e t e ri s e q u i v a l e n t o a 4 0 p o w e r u l t r a t e l e p h o t o l e n s ,m a k i n g i t p o s s i b l et o t a k e
a c c u r a t ee x o o s ur e m e a s u r e r n e n t so f
a d i s t a n ts u b j e c t .
1 2 . O n l y w i t h a s p o t m e t e ri s i t p o s s i b l et o s e p a r a t e l y
m e a s u r ea l l o f t h e t o n e s o f a g i v e n s u b j e c t ,f r o m
t h e b r i g h t e s th i g h l i g h tt o t h e d a r k e s ts h a d o w .
B A T T E RI E S
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I l l u s t .5 , R o t a t ec o u n t e r c l o c k w i sw
e ith a coin
a n d r e m o v et h e B a t t e r y C h a m b e r C o v e r O
f o u n d o n t h e b a s ep l a t e o f t h e G r i p .
I l l u s t .6 , I n s e r t ,p l u s - s i d e - d o w na ,6 V s i l v e ro x i d e
battery(No. 544 or equivalento
) r a No. 537
a l k a l i n eb a t t e r y i n t o t h e B a t t e r y C h a m b e r ,a n d
r e p l a c ec o v e r ( m i n u ss i d eo f b a t t e r y f a c e sc o v e r ) .
A B a t t e r v C h e c k C i r c u i t i s c o n n e c t e dt o t h e L E D
d i g i t a ld i s p l a ys o t h a t i l l u m i n a t i o no f t h e d i s p l a y
i n d i c a t e sb a t t e r y c o n d i t i o n i s g o o d . l f t h e d i g i t a l
d i s p l a ya p p e a r sf a i n t o r f a i l st o i l l um i n a t e ,t h e
b a t t e r y s h o u l d i m m e d i a t e l yb e r e p l a c e d .B a t t e r y
l i f e i s c o n s i d e r a b l ea,n d e v e nw i t h c o n s t a n tu s e
t h e b a t t e r y s h o u l d l a s ta y e a r ; n e v e r t h e l e s si t, i s
a l w a y sa d v i s a b l et o c a r r y a s p a r eb a t t e r y t o b e
p r e p a r e df o r e m e r g e n c i e s .
E l e c t r i c i t yw i l l n o t b e c o n s u m e da s l o n g a s
t h e M e t e r i n g B u t t o n i s n o t p r e s s e de, v e n w h e n
l i g h t e n t e r st h e O b j e c t i v e L e n s . H o w e v e r ,e v e n
w h e n n o t u s e d ,m a x i m u m b a t t e r y l i f e i s t w o y e a r s .
O U T L I N EO F O P E R A T I N G
P R O Cwww.orphancameras.com
EDURE
I l l u s t .T & B , W h i l e l o o k i n g t h r o u g h t h e v i e w f i n d e r
( @ , i l l u s t .B ) a t a d i s t a n to b j e c t ,r o t a t ec o u n t e r c l o c k w i s et h e E y e p i e c eA d j u s t m e n tL o c k R i n g ( @ ,
i l l u s tB
. & 9 ) u n t i l t h es m a l l c i r c l e
i n t h e c e n t e ro f
o
t h e v i e w fi n d e r ( i s p o t ) a p p e a r s h a r p .N e x t ,
squeeze
t h e M e t e r i n gB u t t o n ( @ , i l l u s t .1 1 ) t o
d e t e r m i n ew h e t h e rt h e d i g i t a ld i s p l a y( i l l u s t .7 )
a l s oa p p e a r ss h a r p .l f i t d o e s n o t a p p e a rs h a r p ,
r e a d j u s t h e E y e p i e c eA d j u s t m e n t L o c k R i n g t o
a m i d w a y p o i n t s o t h a t b o t h t h e d i g i t a ld i s p l a y
a n d 1 o s p o t a p p e a rr e a s o n a b l ys h a r p .
I l l u s t .9 , A f t e r a d j u s t i n gt h e e y e p i e c ef o r m a x i m u m
s h a r p n e s sh,o l d t h e r u b b e r E y e p i e c eF r a m e
s e c u r e l y( @ , i l l u s t .9 ) s o t h a t i t d o e s n o t m o v e ,
a n d l o c k i t i n t o p l a c eb y r o t a t i n gt h e E y e p i c e
A d j u s t m e n tL o c k R i n g ( @ , i l l u s t .g ) c l o c k w i s e
7
8
7
\
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until it stops.When someone else is to use the
spotmeter, rotate the Eyepiece Adjustment Lock
R ing cou nterc lockw ise to loosen eyep iece,
readjust eyepiece, and lock it into place once again.
Illust. 10, Align the ASA No. of the f ilm being
u s e dw i t h t h e g r e e n A S A l n d e x ( @ , i l l u s t . 1 O ) b y
rotating the ASA/Shutter Speed Dial (@) which
is close to the front of the lens @ . The f igures
of the ASA Scale also appear in green.
I
10
Illust. 11, While holding the spotmeter up to your
eye, align the 1" spot in the center of the viewfinder
with the part of the subject you wish to measure.
Squeezethe Metering Button and an LE D d igital
displaywill appear.In illust J, Ihe digital display
i n d i c a t e s 1 3 - 2 1 3 E V ; i t a s i n gl e d o t a p p e a r e d , i t
w o u l d i n d i c a t e 1 3 - 11 3 E V , a n d i f n o d o t a p p e a r e d ,
i t w o u l d i n d i c a t e e x a c t l v 13 E V .
11
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1 2- 1 . 2
I l l u s t . 1 2 - 1 & 1 2 - 2 , A l i g n t h e E V N o . i n d i c a t e db y
t h e d i g i t a ld i s p l a yw i t h t h e l R E S t a n d a r d
l n d e x ( @ ) b y r o t a t i n gt h e A p e r t u r e l E V N o .
D i a| ( @ ) . B o t h t h e I R E S t a n d a r dI n d e x a n d
t h e n u m e r a l so f t h e E V N o . S c a l ea r e c o l o r e d
O r a n g eA
. f t e r a l i g n i n gt h e E V N o . w i t h t h e
S t a n d a r d I n d e x , m e r e l y s e l e c ta n y a p e r t u r e - s h u t t e r
s p e e dc o m b i n a t i o n i n d i c a t e do n t h e r e s p e c t i v e
s c a l e sl.n i l l u s t . 1 2 - 2 ,f o r e x a m p l e ,i t c a n b e s e e n
t h a t w h e n t h e A S A s e t t i n gi s 1 0 0 a n d E V N o . i 3
i s a l i g n e dw i t h t h e S t a n d a r dI n d e x ,a n y o f t h e
f o l l o w i n g c o m b i n a t i o n sr e s u l t i n c o r r e c t e x p o s u r e :
t l 1 . 4 , 1I 4 O O Os e c . ,f 1 2 , 1 / 2 0 0 0 s e c .
t 1 2 2 , 1 1 1 5s e c .
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C I N EI N D E X
The operation of the spotmeterfor movie cameras
d i f f e r ss o m e w h a tf r o m t h a t o f s t i l l p h o t o g r a p h y .
T h e s h u t t e r s p e e do f m o v i e c a m e r a si s d e t e r m i n e d
b y c a m e r at y p e , t h e s h u t t e ro p e n i n ga n g l e ,a n d
w h e t h e r t h e c a m e r ai s b e i n g u s e df o r h i g h o r
l o w s p e e dp h o t o g r a p h y .
T h e s t a n d a r ds h u t t e r s p e e do f t h e o r d i n a r y 3 5 a n d
1 6 m m m o v i e c a m e r ai s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 / 5 0 o f
a s e c o n d ( 2 4 f r a m e s p e r s e c o n d ) .T h i s s p e e d i s
m a r k e d i n r e d o n t h e S h u t t e r S o e e dS c a l e b e t w e e n
t h e 1 / 3 0 a n d 1 / 6 0 s e c .d i v i s i o n s .T h e r e fo r e , w h e n
u s i n gt h e m e t e r w i t h t h e s ec a m e r a s t, h e a p e r t u r e
o p e n i n gi s f o u n d o n t h e A p e r t u r e S c a l eb e l o w
thismark.
W i t h B m m m o v i e c a m e r a s t, h e S u p e r - Ba n d S i n g l e - B
t y p e s t a k e 1 B f r a m e sp e r s e c o n d ,a n d t h e D o u b l e - B
'l
t y p e t a k e s 6 f r a m e sp e r s e c o n d . I n b o t h c a s e s ,
t h e p r o p e r a p e r t u r eo p e n i n gw i l l b e f o u n d o n t h e
A p e r t u r e S c a l eb e l o w t h e 1 / 3 0 s e c .m a r k .
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I R E{ I N S T I T U T O
E F R A D I OE N G I N E E R SS)C A L E
The Pentax Digital Spotmeter is provided with
a n I R E S c a l e w h i c h i s v e r y u s e fu l f o r t e l e v i s i o n
f i l m i n g a n d m o v i e m a k i n g , a s w e l l a s g e n e r aI
photography. 12O Pentax Spotmeter II's equipped
w i t h I R E S c a l e s i n r B r eu s e d t o p r o v i d e e x p o s u r e
s e t t i n g sf o r t h e m a k i n g o f t h e o f f i c i a l f i l m o f
t h e 19 6 4 T o k y o O l y m p i c s . S i n c e t h a t t i m e , t h i s
scalehas come to be used whenever comoarable
precisionin exposure setting is called for.
IRE units provide a means for the percentagewise comparison of energy. The maximum energy
v a l u e i s t a k e n t o b e 1 O O %a n d e n e r g y l e v e l st a k i n g
this maximum as a standard are expressedas
p e r c e n t a g e so f m a x i m u m l e v e l T h i s m e t h o d i s
used in radio communications to compare signal
v o l t a g e s ,b u t i s a l s o a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e c o m p a r i s o n
of light energy obtained in exposure measurements
T h e l i g h t l e v e lo f t h e b r i g h t e s t h i g h l i g h t i n t h e
s u b j e c t i s t a k e n a s 1O O %a n d t h e e n e r g y o f o t h e r
parts of the subject is expressed in IR E units as
a f raction of that level.
l n d e x 1 0 ( 1 O O % l R E ) i n d i c a t e st h e l e v e l o f t h e
brightest highlight in the picture, the upper brightnesslimit, and is called the "white level "
fndex 1 (O% | R E ) shows the max imu m dark ness
of shadow detail reproducible on the f ilm. This is
c a I l e d t h e " B l a c k l e v e l ."
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The intermediate numbers 9 -2 (90 - 20% IRE)
indicate comparative brightness based on the 1OO%
"White level." These indices represent divisions of
t h e l i n e a r g r a y s c al e .
The largeorange triangular index between 3 and
4 is the Standard Index, in use on most light meters,
w h i c h s h o w s t h e a v e r a g eo f o p t i m u m f i l m e x p o s u r e
levels(light level obtained using standard ref lecting
s u r f a c e ,r e t l e c t i v i t y r a t i o o f 1 B % ) .
The f igure "1:32" at the extreme left of the scale
indicatesthe contrast ratio between lR E scale 1
a n d 1 0 T h e I R E s c a l e sf r o m 1 t o 1 0 c o v e r 5 l i g h t
l e v e l n u m b e r s S i n c e a n i n c r e a s eo f o n e E V n u m b e r
r e p r e s e n t sa d o u b l i n g o f l i g h t l e v e l , t h e c o n t r a s t
ratio is 1 :32 Qs = 32\
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i V A R ] O U SI I 4 E T H O DO
S F E X P O S U R ER E A D ] N G S
M e t h o d s o f e x p o 6 u r er e a d i n g i n c l u d e t h e h a l f tone reading method, the avoraging method, the
h i g h l i g h t r e a d i n gm e t h o d , a n d t h e s h a d o w
r e a d i n gm e t h o d .
HALF TONE READING METH0D
C e n t e r t h e 1 " s p o t o n a h a l f - t o n e a r e ao f p r i m a r y
i n t e r e s ta n d t a k e t h e r e a d i n gf o r t h a t p o i n t . l f , f o r
e x a m p l e ,t h e s u b . i e c ti s a p e i s o n , a i m t h e 1 " s p o t
at his or her Jace lf the subject is an object or
a l a n d s c a p es,e l e c ta n a r e ao f a v e r a g et o n a l q u a l i t y
a n d p l a c et h e 1 ' s p o t i n t h a t a r e a .
A f t e r r e a d i n gt h e l i g h t l e v e l ,a l i g n t h i s n u m b e r .
w i t h t h e I R E S t a n d a r d I n d e x . S e l e c ta n a p p r o p r i a t e
s e t o f v a l u e sf o r s h u t t e r s p e e da n d a p e r t u r e o p e n i n g
f r o m t h e t w o s c a l e si n t h e c e n t e r o f t h e e x p o s u r e
calculator.
1A
l
T h e s p o t m e t e r w i l l p r o v e i t s e l f e s p e c i a l l yv a l u a b l e
for measuring exposure of persons standing under
s t a g es p o t l i g h t sa n d i n s i m i l a r l y d i f f i c u l t s i t u a t i o n s .
S i n c e t h e h a l f- t o n e m e t h o d m e a s u r e si n h a l f- t o n e
o n l y , i t i s v e r y s i m p l e , b u t t h e c l u e t o s u c c e s sl i e s
In the way in which the half-tonereflectivity ratio
. e a s u r et h e g r a y 1 8 p e r c e n ts t a n d a r d
i s m e a s u r e dM
r e f l e c t i o n c a r d d i r e c t l y o r e l s es o m e t h i n g w i t h
a r e f l e c t i v i t y r a t i o v e r y c l o s et o i t t o g e t t h e
bestresults.
AVERAGING METH0D
M e a s u r et h e h i g h l i g h t ( b r i g h t e s t )a n d s h a d o w
( d a r k e s t )a r e a sa n d t a k e t h e a v e r a g eo f t h e
r e a d i n g so b t a i n e d . T h e b e s t r e s u l t sw i l l b e o b t a i n e d
i f t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e h i g h l i g h t sa n d
s h a d o w s i s n o g r e a t e rt h a n t h e r e p r o d u c i b l e
c o n t r a s tr a t i o o f t h e f i l n l . F o r b l a c k a n d w h i t e
i
!
t
I
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r e v e r s a lf i l m t h i s d i f f e r e n c e i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7 E V
n u m b e r s ; f o r c o l o r r e v e r s a lf i l m a n d b l a c k a n d
wh ite prints it is approx imately 5 EV nu mbers.
W i t h c o l o r p r i n t s , t h e d i f f e r e n c e i s l e s st h a n 5 E V
numbers. lf the contrast between highlights and
shadows exceeds these ranges, measure the light
of at leastthree locations in the picture area and
d i v i d e t h e s u m o f r e a d i n g sb y t h e n u m b e r o f
locations measured to obtain an averagevalue.
S e t t h i s a v e r a g ev a l u e b y t h e S t a n d a r d I n d e x . I n
t h i s c a s et h e h i g h l i g h t a r e a s b e y o n d t h e f i l m ' s
reproducibility range will be overexposed,or
the shadow areaswill be underexposed By this
method, however, one will have obtained correct
exposure for the greatestarea of the picture
as a whole
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FOR THE SPECIALIST
This is a method f or which the Pentax Digital
S p o t m e t e r i s u n i q u e l y a d a p t e d . I n t h i s c a s e ,t h e
l i g h t l e v e lo f t h e s u b j e c t h i g h l i g h t sa r e m a d e
the basevalue f or exposure settrng Th is method
just as
w a s d e v e l o p e d f o r t e l e v i s i o nf i l m i n g , b u t i s
As
u s e fu I f o r s t i l l a n d m o v i n g p i c t u r e p h o t o g r a p h y
previously mentioned, the max imum reproducible
contrast ratio differs according to f ilm type, krut
generallyspeakingthis ratio is the same for color
f i l m a s f o r t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t i n g ,a b o u t 1 " 3 2 '
The ratio f or black and white f ilm isapproximately
1 . 1 2 8 T o u s e t h i s m e t h o d , t h e l i g h t l e v e lo f t h e
h r g h l i g h t si s f i r s t d e t e r m i n e d , a n d t h i s E V v a l u e
taken as the upper exposure limit By doing this
t h e o p t i m u m e x p o s u r e w i l l b e b a s e do n t h e l i g h t
areas
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T h e l i g h t l e v e lr e a d a t t h e h i g h l i g h t si s s e t o n t h e
e x p o s u r ec a l c u l a t o rb y i n d e x 1 0 o f t h e I R E S c a l e .
W i t h c o l o r f i l m , o n l y t h o s es h a d o w sw i t h a l i g h t
l e v e lr e a d i n gf a l l i n g t o t h e r i g h t o f i n d e x 1 o f t h e
. reas
I R E s c a l e( b l a c k l e v e l )w i l l b e r e p r o d u c e d A
w i t h a l i g h tv a l u ef a l l i n gb e l o w i n d e x 1 w i l l
a p p e a ra s u n r e l i e v e ds h a d o w .
T h e r e f o r ew
, h e n t h e l i g h t l e v e lo f t h e h i g h l i g h t s
h a sb e e ns e t o n i n d e x 1 0 , i f i m p o r t a n t s h a d o w
d e t a i l h a s i n s u f fi c i e n t l i g h t t o b r i n g i t a b o v e
i n d e x 1 , i t w i l l h a v et o b e g i v e na d d i t i o n a l
i l l u m i n a t i o nu n t i l i t s l i g h t l e v e lr e a d i n gd o e s
e x c e e dt h i s m a r k .
E X P O S U RFEO RS P E C I AEL F F E C T S
Highlight metering is also a convenient means of
achieving an underexposed, low-key effect which
is desirable when creating a nocturnal atmosphere
in a da yti me shot.
To achieve this effect, read the light level of the
h i g h l i g h t s ,a n d s e t t h i s n u m b e r o n t h e e x p o s u r e
calculator by one of the lR E indexes chosen in
accordance with the degree of density desired in
the resulti ng photograph.
F o r e x a m p l e ,i f t h e l i g h t l e v e lo f t h e h i g h l i g h t si s
E V 1 6 , a n d t h i s v a l u ei s s e t o n t h e e x p o s u r e
c a l c u l a t o rb y t h e s t a n d a r di n d e x ,t h e h i g h l i g h t s
w i l l b e r e p r o d u c e di n a g r a y t o n e a s i f t h e y w e r e
a s t a n d a r d1 8 % r e f l e c t i v es u r f a c e .
www.orphancameras.com
S F { l \ i l f f \ ,fVf i F A U l N f Ii V I F T0[ -D{
T h e r e v e r s eo f t h e h i g h l i g h t r e a d i n g m e t h o d , t h i s
method givesan optimum exposure based on the
shadow areas.Shadow reading is em ployed f or
bringing out detail of persons pirotographed with
backlighting,and for fully reproducing shadow
detail in pictures taken at night.
When ordinary light meters are used to set
e x p o s u r e f o r e v e n i n g o r n i g h t t i m e s c e n e sw h i c h
are not brightly illuminated by neon or other
lighting, the resulting photograph has the same
appearance as a daytime scene. By using the
spotmeter and the shadow reading method,
exposures can be set to give evening scenes an
" E v e n i n g - l o o k " a n d n i g h t t i m e s c e n e sa
"N ighttime-look."
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Read the light values of the shadow areas it is
d e s i r e dt o r e p r o d u c e , a n d s e t t h i s l i g h t l e v e l o n
the exposure calculator by IRE index i .
I n t h i s c a s e ,a r e a s o f l i g h t v a l u e f a l l i n g b e t w e e n
i n d e x e s1 a n d 1 0 o n t h e I R E S c a l e w i l l b e
r e p r o d u c i b l eo n c o l o r f i l m . A r e a s o f l i g h t v a l u e
f a l l i n g a b o v e i n d e x 10 w i l l b e w a s h e d o u t .
C o n s e q u e n t l y , i f i m p o r t a n t h i g hl i g h t d e t a i l h a s
a l i g h t l e v e lf a l l i n g a b o v e i n d e x 1 0 w h e n s h a d o w
light level has been set according to index 1, it
w i l l b e n e c . e s s a r yt o r e d u c e i l l u m i n a t i o n o f
the highlight area, or to reduce the reflectivity
of the highlight, until its light levelfalls
on or below index 10.
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R E F L E C T I V IOTFY7 C O L O R S
LIGHT
Reflectivity(%l
Index No.
6
Orange
15-21
35-45
Y e l l o w ( d a r ky e l l o w )
65-75
B
R e d ( b r i g h tr e d )
G r e e n ( d a r k l e a f - g r e e n )1 8 - 2 6
Blue
15-21
Indigo
o-
Purple
6- 12
tz
6-7
StandardI ndex
5
2-3
2-3
DON'T
B EM I S G U I D E
BD
YC O L O R S
Y o u s h o u l d b e c a r e f u la b o u t c o l o r sw h e n u s i n g
t h e D i g i t a l S p o t m e t e r .l f e x p o s u r ei s s e t s t r i c t l y
o n t h e b a s i so f a l i g h t l e v e lr e a d i n gt a k e n f r o m
a c o l o r a r e a ,t h e r e i s a g o o d p o s s i b i l i t yt h a t
t h e e x p o s u r ew i l l b e i n c o r r e c t .T h i s i s b e c a u s e
reflectivity is different for different colors.
T h e r e fl e c t i v i t y o f y e l l o w i s l o w e r t h a n t h a t o f
w h i t e , b u t y e l l o w h a s t h e h i g h e s tr e f l e c t i v i t y o f
a l l t h e c o l o r s . l n d i g o a n d p u r p l e h a v et h e l o w e s t
r e fl e c t i v i t y .C o n s e q u e n t l y ,i f a l i g h t l e v e lv a l u e
t a k e n f r o m a r e a d i n go f a y e l l o w a r e a i s s e t o n t h e
e x p o s u r ec a l c u l a t o r a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s t a n d a r d
i n d e x , t h e p h o t o g r a p hw i l l b e s o m e w h a tu n d e r e x p o s e d .T o p r e v e n t t h i s , s e t l i g h t r e a d i n g st a k e n
f r o m t h e v a r i o u sc o l o r s a c c o r d i n gt o t h e
c o r r e s p o n d i n gi n d e x n u m b e r l i s t e d i n t h e t a b l e
on the left.
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surf ace.
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CLOSE-R
UE
PADING
B e c a u s eo f t h e e x t r e m e l y n a r r o w 1 " m e a s u r i n ga n g l e ,
l i g h t m e t e r i n go f a p o i n t s h o u l d b e p o s s i b l ew i t h
t h e P e n t a xS p o t m e t e rV w i t h o u t a p p r o a c h i n g
t h e s u b j e c t .C o n s e q u e n t l y t, h e r e i s n o n e e d t o
b r i n g t h i n g s i n t o s h a r pf o c u s a s w i t h a c a m e r a .
N e v e r t h e l e s si,f i t s h o u l d b e n e c e s s a r yt o c o m e
e x t r e m e l y c l o s et o t h e s u b j e c t i n o r d e r t o m e a s u r e
a v e r y s m a l l p o i n t , t h e f a c t t h a t t h e o b j e c t i v el e n s
i s o f f i x e d f o c u s m i g h t m a k e v i e w i n gd i f f i c u l t . I n
s u c h a c a s e ,u n s c r e w i n gt h e a d j u s t a b l ee y e p i e c e
t o t h e l i m i t o f i t s t r a v e l w i l l m a k e v i e w i n ga l i t t l e
e a s i e r .l t w i l l b e n o t i c e d ,h o w e v e r .t h a t t h e d i g i t a l
d i s p l a y i s n o w o u t o f f o c u s ,a n d r e a d j u s t m e n t
m a y b e n e c e s s a r yt o r e a d t h e v a l u e i n d i c a t e d .
www.orphancameras.com
FG
ILTERS
SELECTIN
CG
OLORS
U S EI N S E L E C T I N
W h e n p h o t o g r a p h i n gc o l o r e do b j e c t sw i t h b l a c k
a n d w h i t e f i l m , i t i s n e c e s s a r tyo t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t
t h e r e f l e c t i v i t v o f e a c h o f t h e c o l o r s .W h i l e c o n t r a s t
b e t w e e na d j a c e n t c o l o r s m a y a p p e a r g o o d t o
t h e e y e , i f t h e i r r e f l e c t i v i t i e sa r e n e a r l y t h e s a m e ,
t h e c o n t r a s ti n t h e r e s ul t i n g b l a c k a n d w h i t e
p h o t o g r a p hw i l l b e d i s a p p o i n t i n g A
. s iswell known,
t h e u s eo f c o l o r f i l t e r sc a n i m p r o v ec o n t r a s t i n
c a s e ss u c h a s t h e a b o v e ,b u t i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o j u d g e
which f ilterto use.
B y m o u n t i n g d i f f e r e n t f i l t e r si n f r o n t o f t h e
o b j e c t i v e l e n so f t h e P e n t a x S p o t m e t e r a n d
c o m p a r i n gt h e r e a d i n g st a k e n o f t h e v a r i o u s
c o l o r e da r e a sw i t h e a c hf i l t e r , i t w i l l b e e a s yt o
d e t e r m i n ew h i c h o n e p r o v i d e st h e b e s t c o n t r a s t
f o r b l a c ka n d w h i t e f i l m .
T h e a g eo f c o l o r h a s a r r i v e d i n t e l e v i s i o n
b r o a d c a s t i n gb, u t w h i l e a l m o s t a l l m o v i e sn o w
t e l e v i s e da r e i n c o l o r , t h e y a r e v i e w e d o n b l a c k
a n d w h i t e t e l e v i s i o ns e t sa s w e l l a s c o l o r . F o r t h i s
r e a s o ni t w i l l n o t d o t o m a k e m o v i e sf o r t e l e v i s i o n
w h i c h a r e a t t r a c t i v ei n c o l o r , b u t
broadcasting
drab in blackand white.
T h u s , i t i s n e c e s s a r tyo c o n s i d e rc o l o r d i s t r i b u t i o n
a n d c o m p o s i t i o na, s w e l l a s s i m p l el i g h t v a l u e s ,
w h e n f i l m i n gf o r c o l o r t e l e v i s i o n .
l f l i g h t v a l u e sa r e d e t e r m i n e dw i t h a P e n t a x D i g i t a l
S p o t m e t e r ,n o t o n l y w i l l t h e b r i g h t n e s sc o n t r a s t
b e k n o w n , b u t t h e p r o p e r c h o i c eo f c o l o r s c a n b e
d e c i d e da s w e l l . T h i s p r i n c i p l e i s b e i n g u t i l i z e d
n o w i n t h e c r e a t i o no f d i s p l a y sa n d d e s i g n so f
all types.
W R I S TS T R A PA D J U S T M E N T www.orphancameras.com
1 . A s s h o w n i n t h e a c c o m p a n y i n gp h o t o g r a p h s ,
t h e w r i s t s t r a p c a n b e a d j u s t e db y p u s h i n gt h e s t r a p
i n t o t h e c l i p f r o m o n e d i r e c t i o na n d t h e n p u l l i n g
o n i t i n t h e o p p o s i t ed i r e c t i o n u n t i l t h e d e s i r e d
l e n g t hi s o b t a i n e d .
2 . A s t h e w r i s t s t r a p p r o t r u d e st h r o u g h a n o p e n i n g
i n t h e l o w e r p a r t o f t h e c a s e ,t h e S p o t m e t e r c a n b e
p l a c e d i n i t s c a s ew i t h o u t r e m o v i n gt h e w r i s t s t r a p .
3 . W h e n d e s i r i n gt o s u p p o r t t h e S p o t m e t e r f r o m
y o u r n e c k o r s h o u l d e r ,u s et h e n e c k s t r a p a v a i l a b l e
as an optional accessory.
T R I P O DM O U N T I N G
www.orphancameras.com
1 . l f t h e D i g i t a lS p o t m e t e rc a n n o tb e h e l d s t e a d i l y
e n o u g hb y h a n d , i t c a n b e m o u n t e d o n a t r i p o d
a n d u s e df r o m t h e r e .
2 . A s s h o w n i n t h e p h o t o g r a p h ,t h e D i gi t aI
S p o t m e t e r i s e q ui p p e d w i t h a f r i p o d S o c k e t f o r
m o u n t i n go n a n y s t a n d a r dt r i p o d . T h e S p o t m e t e r
c a n b e m o u n t e do n t h e t r i p o d w i t h t h e w r i s t
s t r a pi n p l a c e .
l
LPRECAUTIONS
www.orphancameras.com
1 . l f t h e M e t e r i n gB u t t o n i s s q u e e z e dw h e n t h e
l e n sc a p c o v e r st h e O b j e c t i v eL e n s ,t h e d i g i t a l
d i s p l a yw i l l i n d i c a t e" O " ( z e r o ) ,b u t i f a s m a l l
a m o u n t o f l i g h te n t e r st h e l e n s ,t h e d i g i t a l d i s p l a y
w i l l i n d i c a t eO o o r O o o . H o w e v e r ,s i n c et h e
e x p o s u r em e a s u r e m e nrt a n g eo f t h e D i g i t a l
S p o t m e t e ri s E V 1 - 2 0 ( 1 0 0 A S A ) , d o n o t u s e
m e a s u r e m e n tws h i c h f a l l b e l o w E V 1 .
2 . R e f l e c t i o n sn e a r t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e S i l i c o n
P h o t o D i o d e h a v e b e e ng r e a t l y r e d u c e dd u e t o
t h e n e w d e s i g ni n c o r p o r a t e di n t o S p o t m e t e r V
a n d t h e D i g i t a l S p o t m e t e r .B e c a u s eo f t h e i r
e x c e p t i o n a le f f i c i e n c y ,t h e r e a d i n g sy o u o b t a i n
m a y b e s l i g h t l y l o w e r t h a n t h o s eo f o t h e r
s p o t m e t e r s .T h e r e f o r e , i f y o u d e t e c t s u c h
a d i f f e r e n c e ,d o n o t b e c o n c e r n e d .
26
3 . W h e n t a k i n g a r e a d i n gf r o m a d i m l y - l i t s u b j e c t
( e . 9 .E V 3 o r b e l o w ) a n d t h e n i m m e d i a t e l y
c h a n g i n gt o a b r i g h t s u b j e c t ( e . 9 .E V 6 o r a b o v e ) ,
t h e r e s o o n s eo f t h e S i l i c o n P h o t o D i o d e w i l l b e
i n s t a n t a n e o uas n d a c o r r e c t r e a d i n gw i l l b e
o b t a i n e d .O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , w h e n f i r s t r e m o v i n g
t h e l e n sc a p a n d c o m m e n c i n gt h e f i r s t e x p o s u r e
r e a d i n g ,a f e w s e c o n d sm a y b e n e c e s s a r yb e f o r e
r e c e i v i n gt h e c o r r e c t e x p o s u r e m e a s u r e m e n t .
F:
al Spotmeter relative to the field of vision obtained with various
S i z e o f t h e 1 " m e t e r i n g a n g l e o f t h e D i g i twww.orphancameras.com
lenses used with 35mm cameras.
28mmE35mmE50mmE55mmE
85mmE 105mmE 135mmE',oo"l|
'oo"E
400mmES0'mmE'*"D_-]