Australian Jobs 2014 - Department of Industry, Innovation and Science

Transcription

AUSTRALIAN
JOBS 2014
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Jobs by Location
National Overview
3
Regional Australia
4
New South Wales
5
Victoria6
Queensland7
South Australia
8
Western Australia
9
Tasmania10
Northern Territory
11
Australian Capital Territory
11
Jobs by Industry
Industry Overview
12
Industry Outlook
13
Accommodation and Food Services
13
Administrative and Support Services
14
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
14
Arts and Recreation Services
15
Construction15
Education and Training
16
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services
16
Financial and Insurance Services
17
Health Care and Social Assistance
17
Information Media and Telecommunications
18
Manufacturing18
Mining19
Other Services
19
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
20
Public Administration and Safety
20
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services
21
Retail Trade
21
Transport, Postal and Warehousing
22
Wholesale Trade
22
Jobs by Occupation and Qualification
Occupational Overview
23
Occupational Outlook
24
Managers24
Professionals25
Technicians and Trades Workers
26
Community and Personal Service Workers
27
Clerical and Administrative Workers
28
Sales Workers
28
Machinery Operators and Drivers 29
Labourers29
Education and Employment
30
Graduate Employment Outcomes
30
Graduate Salaries
31
Graduate Outcomes for Selected Fields of Study
32
Occupation Profiles (Selected Case Studies)
33
Employers’ Skill Needs
34
Guide to the Occupation Matrix
35
Occupation Matrix
36
Additional Information
Data Sources and Useful Links
2
AUSTRALIAN JOBS 2014
43
The Department of Employment and its predecessors have produced
the annual Australian Jobs publication since 1993 to help careers
intermediaries, job seekers, students and anyone who is considering
employment, education and training, or thinking about career options.
Over that time, the Australian labour market has experienced periods
of strong labour demand as well as periods when unemployment has
been relatively high. In 2013 and early 2014, the labour market has
softened, and applicants for jobs now face greater competition.
There are, though, still great opportunities to work. The Australian
Bureau of Statistics indicates that there were around 140,000 job
vacancies in November 2013 and, looking forward, many hundreds
of thousands of new jobs are expected to be created over the next
few years.
This report provides information to help you to take advantage
of the opportunities presented in the Australian labour market.
It profiles industries and occupations, as well as national,
state/territory and regional labour markets. More detailed
information is available and the publication includes links to assist
you to further explore particular aspects of the labour market and
to get help with finding a job or understanding your working
conditions. Page 43 includes some useful links. Careers advisers
and employment services providers may also be able to help,
see www.employment.gov.au/jsa or www.cdaa.org.au.
Data analysed for this publication continue to show that people who
complete tertiary study are less likely to be unemployed, and are
likely to have higher pay, than those who do not study after they
leave school.
That said, post-school education may not be suitable for everyone.
Many Australians work in occupations for which post-school
education or training is not required.
If post-school study is of interest to you, a university education or
vocational education and training can put you on the path to a great
career. Train in an area in which you are interested, as good
candidates are valued regardless of labour market conditions, and
you are more likely to succeed if you have an interest in the subject.
Don’t overlook an apprenticeship or traineeship. You earn as you
learn and employment outcomes from this form of training are very
strong (see page 31).
Information in Australian Jobs is as up-to-date as possible, but the
labour market can change quickly and conditions vary by location and
sector. Base your employment and training decisions on a balanced
assessment of all relevant issues, including aptitude, interests,
expectations about pay and working conditions, training requirements
and goals. Some examples of the type of information you may want to
consider are provided in the occupation case studies on page 33.
Inquiries about Australian Jobs should be directed to
[email protected]
The contents of Australian Jobs 2014 are based on information
available at the time of publication. Over time, the reliability of the
data and analysis may diminish. The Commonwealth, its officers,
employees and agents do not accept responsibility for any
inaccuracies contained in the report or for any negligence in the
compilation of the report and disclaim liability for any loss suffered
by any person arising from the use of this report. Labour market
information must be used cautiously as employment prospects can
change over time and vary by region. It is important in making and
assessing career choices to consider all factors, including interest
and aptitudes, remuneration and expectations, and the requirements
of occupations.
JOBS BY LOCATION
AUSTRALIA
Labour market conditions in Australia deteriorated at the onset of the
GFC although Australia fared much better than most other advanced
economies and remained reasonably resilient. Conditions in Australia
have nonetheless softened over the last few years and are expected to
remain reasonably subdued over the coming year.
Australia
Employment Nov 2013
11,645,500
1 year change to Nov 2013
0.6%
6.5%
5 year change projected to Nov 2018
7.2%
Recent labour market developments
Employment Profile
Working part-time
30%
Female
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
Aged 45 years or older
39%
Outside state capital cities
37%
Despite a significant increase in employment recorded in the month
of February 2014, underlying labour market conditions in Australia
remain soft. For instance, the level of employment increased only
modestly, by 0.6% over the year to February 2014 (see chart below),
well below its 20-year annual average growth rate of 2.0%, while the
level of unemployment has also risen, by 13.2% over the period to
stand at 742,200, and is now at its highest level since August 1997.
Moreover, the unemployment rate increased from 5.4% in February
2013 to 6.0% in February 2014 although it remains below that of the
Euro Area (12.0%), the United Kingdom (7.1%), and the United States
(6.7%). While Australia’s participation rate, at 64.8% in February 2014,
is below the peak of 65.8% recorded in November 2010, it remains
above the average recorded over the last 20 years (of 64.1%).
More than 11.6 million Australians are employed. The workforce
is highly concentrated on the Eastern seaboard, with more than
three quarters employed in the three most populous states
(New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland). See the map on page 4.
Over the five years to November 2013, there were 712,900 new jobs
nationally. The largest number of new jobs was in Victoria (217,300,
a rise of 8.1%), but employment growth was strongest in the
Northern Territory (up by 12.4% or 14,200).
Unemployment Rate and Annual Employment
Growth, Australia
The changing labour market
4.5
12
Unemployment Rate (%)
Technological change, greater labour market flexibility and economic
reforms have also helped to transform working arrangements and
were associated with the significant, protracted improvement in
economic and labour market conditions that occurred between the
end of the 1990s recession and the onset of the Global Financial Crisis
(GFC) in September 2008.
4.0
10
3.5
3.0
8
2.5
6
2.0
1.5
4
1.0
2
0
0.5
Annual Employment Growth (%)
The nature of the Australian labour market has changed
considerably over the last 20 years. The increased participation of
women in the workforce, a much greater focus on skilled jobs, an
associated increase in young people participating in education and
the ageing of the population are just some of the developments that
have contributed to a workforce which is very different today from
the one that existed a few decades ago.
Feb-94
Feb-95
Feb-96
Feb-97
Feb-98
Feb-99
Feb-00
Feb-01
Feb-02
Feb-03
Feb-04
Feb-05
Feb-06
Feb-07
Feb-08
Feb-09
Feb-10
Feb-11
Feb-12
Feb-13
Feb-14
Employment
0.0
Unemployment Rate (%) (LHS)
Annual Employment Growth (%) (RHS)
20-year annual average employment growth rate (%) (RHS)
Source: ABS Labour Force
Employment by Location
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
States and Territories
New South Wales
Victoria
Queensland
South Australia
Western Australia
Tasmania
Northern Territory
Australia
% of total
workforce
‘000
3,647.3
2,911.9
2,382.4
804.1
1,334.6
228.5
129.1
208.9
11,645.5
31
25
20
7
11
2
1
2
100
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or
older
Workforce Educational Profile
Outside state
capital cities
With a
bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool
qual
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
206.5
217.3
125.9
8.5
140.2
-12.0
14.2
9.7
712.9
6.0
8.1
5.6
1.1
11.7
-5.0
12.4
4.8
6.5
30
31
29
34
28
37
18
27
30
46
46
46
46
44
47
46
48
46
39
38
39
42
38
45
37
35
39
35
25
54
26
24
57
n/a
n/a
37
31
32
24
24
25
21
26
43
29
30
30
33
34
33
35
30
24
31
34
34
39
38
37
39
38
30
36
Sources: ABS Labour Force; ABS Survey of Education and Work.
3
For more information see www.lmip.gov.au
JOBS BY LOCATION
REGIONAL AUSTRALIA
Employment
Regional Australia
Australia
4,294,200
11,645,500
1.2%
0.6%
6.9%
6.5%
Working part-time
31%
30%
46%
Employment Nov 2013
Employment Share by State and Territory (% of total)
Employment Profile
Female
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
16%
42%
39%
More than one third of Australia’s workforce is employed outside
the state capital cities, and there are sound opportunities for
employment in these areas (referred to throughout this publication
as regional areas).
Employers in regional locations also have more difficulty recruiting
skilled workers than those in capital cities. They generally fill a
lower proportion of their vacancies and attract smaller numbers
of applicants. This may, in part, reflect the fact that regional workers
are less likely to have post-school qualifications, and suggests that
there are real advantages for workers in regional Australia to do
tertiary study to meet the skill needs of local employers.
The workforce in regional areas also tends to be older, so there
will be strong demand for workers to replace those who retire.
Some information on the industry profile of regional Australia is
on page 12.
For instance, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern
Territory recorded unemployment rates of 3.4% and 3.7% respectively
in February 2014, well below the national rate of 6.0%. This compares
with an unemployment rate of 7.3% for Tasmania and 6.7% in South
Australia, which continue to be affected by the ongoing impact of the
high Australian dollar and weaker labour demand.
Labour market disparity continues to be evident across locations.
South Adelaide provides a good illustration of soft labour market
conditions, with employment contracting by 9.6% over the year
to February 2014, its unemployment rate rising by 3.4 percentage
points to 7.7% in February 2014 (above the national rate) and the
participation rate declining by 4.8 percentage points to 62.7%.
Differences in labour market performance
by location
Over the past few years, as the Australian labour market has
softened, some states and regions across the country have
performed strongly, while others have continued to struggle.
By contrast, labour market conditions in North Brisbane have
strengthened over the last year, with employment increasing by
7.9%, its unemployment rate decreasing by 0.2 percentage points
to 4.5% in February 2014 and its participation rate rising by
4.0 percentage points to 69.7%, above the national rate.
Employment by Location
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Cities and Regions
Sydney
Regional NSW
Melbourne
Regional VIC
Brisbane
Regional QLD
Adelaide
Regional SA
Perth
Regional WA
Hobart
Regional TAS
Northern Territory
Australia
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
2,393.2
1,269.8
2,162.1
741.7
1,081.0
1,279.1
603.6
211.9
998.2
324.8
99.9
130.6
129.1
208.9
11,645.5
142.9
75.7
155.1
59.2
52.2
85.1
25.4
-0.8
122.7
34.9
-3.3
-2.6
14.2
9.7
712.9
6.4
6.3
7.7
8.7
5.1
7.1
4.4
-0.4
14.0
12.1
-3.2
-2.0
12.4
4.8
6.5
28
33
31
35
28
29
34
34
29
26
37
37
18
27
30
46
46
46
46
47
46
47
44
44
41
49
46
46
48
46
36
44
37
43
36
40
41
46
37
40
43
47
37
35
39
37
19
37
19
32
17
27
15
29
16
28
15
26
43
29
27
36
27
38
31
36
34
37
32
36
31
39
30
24
31
32
38
33
38
34
43
36
43
35
43
37
40
38
30
36
Sources: ABS Labour Force; ABS Survey of Education and Work; Department of Employment, Skill Shortage Research.
4
JOBS BY LOCATION
NEW SOUTH WALES
Employment
NSW
Australia
3,647,300
11,645,500
0.3%
0.6%
6.0%
6.5%
Working part-time
30%
30%
Female
46%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
16%
39%
39%
Employment Nov 2013
The largest employing industries in New South Wales are Health Care
and Social Assistance (450,700 workers), Retail Trade (396,300) and
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (301,700). Collectively,
they account for almost one third of state employment.
Employment increased in 14 of the 19 industries over the five years
to November 2013. The fastest growing were Mining (up by 55%)
and Health Care and Social Assistance (27%).
Employment Profile
The largest numbers of new jobs were created in Health Care and
Social Assistance (up by 95,400), Education and Training (42,500)
and Accommodation and Food Services (31,600).
New South Wales has the largest population of any state. Almost
one in three Australians lives and works in New South Wales. Over
the five years to November 2013, employment rose by 206,500 or
6.0%, slightly below the national growth rate of 6.5%.
The largest job losses were in Manufacturing (down by 36,300),
Information Media and Telecommunications (16,900) and
Construction (13,100). Construction, though, recorded strong
employment growth in the year to November 2013.
Around two thirds of the state’s employment is concentrated in
Sydney. Outside of Sydney, the largest number of workers live in
Newcastle (272,300). Other large employing regional areas are
Richmond-Tweed and Mid-North Coast and Northern, North
Western and Central West. The relatively remote Far West region
has 12,000 workers (or 0.3% of state total).
Employment by Industry, New South Wales
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Industries
The employment profile of New South Wales is very similar to
that for Australia as a whole. It is notable, though, that workers in
this state are more likely to have studied after leaving school than
the national average (66% compared with 64%). Around 31%
have a bachelor degree or higher qualification, slightly above the
29% nationally.
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
Employment Share by Region, New South Wales
(% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2013
‘000
%
‘000
%
268.9
116.3
89.0
73.5
287.3
285.8
47.7
177.4
450.7
70.6
263.3
52.4
147.7
301.7
224.4
66.7
396.3
183.9
141.9
7.4
3.2
2.4
2.0
7.9
7.8
1.3
4.9
12.4
1.9
7.2
1.4
4.0
8.3
6.2
1.8
10.9
5.0
3.9
31.6
8.2
4.1
10.2
-13.1
42.5
8.2
0.4
95.4
-16.9
-36.3
18.6
-0.9
23.2
19.3
9.4
15.1
-10.9
12.3
13.3
7.6
4.8
16.1
-4.4
17.5
20.7
0.2
26.9
-19.3
-12.1
55.2
-0.6
8.3
9.4
16.5
4.0
-5.6
9.5
Population and Employment by Region, New South Wales
Population
Population
Aug 2012
Regions
Sydney
Newcastle
Hunter
Richmond-Tweed and Mid-North Coast
Wollongong
Illawarra
South Eastern
Murray-Murrumbidgee
Northern, North Western and Central West
Far West
New South Wales
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
4,672.5
548.7
104.6
546.0
290.6
143.3
217.3
270.2
485.8
21.9
7,301.1
2,393.2
272.3
52.3
240.0
135.0
63.7
110.8
144.1
239.6
12.0
3,647.3
142.9
18.3
6.8
22.5
1.4
8.0
6.3
7.3
4.5
0.6
206.5
6.4
7.2
14.9
10.3
1.1
14.4
6.1
5.4
1.9
5.1
6.0
28
34
29
37
30
36
32
33
29
30
30
36
40
48
48
38
50
44
45
44
39
39
37
22
20
16
24
23
23
16
16
15
31
27
37
47
35
29
34
35
40
36
21
30
32
37
29
40
43
39
32
39
38
42
34
Sources: ABS Labour Force; ABS Survey of Education and Work; ABS Regional Population Growth.
5
JOBS BY LOCATION
VICTORIA
Employment
VIC
Australia
2,911,900
11,645,500
0.9%
0.6%
8.1%
6.5%
Working part-time
31%
30%
Female
46%
46%
Employment Nov 2013
Health Care and Social Assistance is the largest employing industry
in Victoria (359,000 workers). Three other industries each employ
more than a quarter of a million workers. They are Retail Trade,
Manufacturing and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services.
Together, these four industries account for more than 40% of total
employment in Victoria.
Employment Profile
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
16%
38%
39%
Over the five years to November 2013, employment increased
in 13 of the 19 industries. The largest numbers of new jobs were
created in Health Care and Social Assistance, Professional,
Scientific and Technical Services and Education and Training.
These industries combined accounted for more than two thirds
of total jobs growth in the state.
Victoria is the second most populous state and is home to more
than 5.6 million people. It employs almost three million workers
(second highest only to New South Wales). Employment grew
strongly in Victoria over the five years to November 2013, up by
217,300 or 8.1% (well above the national average of 6.5%).
The Manufacturing industry recorded the largest decline in
employment over the five years, down by 39,000 or 12.3%.
Nonetheless, it remains Victoria’s third largest employing industry
and some sectors within Manufacturing increased their employment.
The largest rises were in Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing
(up by 6,500) and Basic Chemical and Chemical Product
Manufacturing (1,400). More workers are employed in
Manufacturing in Victoria than in any other state.
The vast majority of job opportunies are located in Melbourne,
but there are more than 740,000 workers living in regional Victoria.
The largest employing non-metropolitan region is Barwon-Western
District, with employment relatively evenly spread across the other
regional areas.
Employment by Industry, Victoria
The age, part-time employment and gender profile of Victoria’s
workforce is similar to the national average. Workers in Victoria,
though, are slightly more likely to have post-school qualifications
(66% compared with 64%) and to hold a bachelor degree or higher
qualification than the national average (32% compared with 29%).
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Industries
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
Employment Share by Region, Victoria (% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2013
‘000
%
‘000
%
192.3
98.4
98.0
54.2
248.0
235.8
36.5
116.6
359.0
56.6
277.7
13.8
112.3
263.3
148.0
39.3
311.8
137.4
113.6
6.6
3.4
3.4
1.9
8.5
8.1
1.3
4.0
12.3
1.9
9.5
0.5
3.9
9.0
5.1
1.3
10.7
4.7
3.9
25.9
9.0
14.2
-3.3
21.1
31.3
4.7
21.6
71.7
-8.0
-39.0
2.9
2.9
57.0
18.9
-4.4
21.4
-7.9
-10.3
15.6
10.1
16.9
-5.7
9.3
15.3
14.6
22.8
25.0
-12.4
-12.3
26.5
2.6
27.6
14.6
-10.1
7.4
-5.5
-8.3
Population and Employment by Region, Victoria
Population
Population
Aug 2012
Regions
Melbourne
Barwon-Western District
Central Highlands-Wimmera
Loddon-Mallee
Goulburn-Ovens-Murray
All Gippsland
Victoria
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
4,185.3
390.7
207.9
275.1
307.1
262.9
5,629.1
2,162.1
204.3
112.5
140.3
158.1
126.6
2,911.9
155.1
8.2
16.0
12.0
18.0
5.0
217.3
7.7
4.2
16.6
9.4
12.9
4.1
8.1
31
34
34
37
33
38
31
37
44
41
44
46
41
38
37
22
19
20
15
18
32
27
35
42
34
41
40
30
33
40
34
40
37
38
34
6
JOBS BY LOCATION
QUEENSLAND
Employment
QLD
Australia
2,382,400
11,645,500
1.7%
0.6%
5.6%
6.5%
Working part-time
29%
30%
Female
46%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
17%
16%
39%
39%
Employment Nov 2013
The largest employing industries in Queensland are Health Care
and Social Assistance, Retail Trade, Construction and Manufacturing,
which collectively account for more than 40% of total employment.
Over the five years to November 2013, employment increased in 10
of the 19 industries. The largest gains were in Health Care and Social
Assistance, Mining and Public Administration and Safety. Together,
these industries accounted for more than 120,000 new jobs.
Employment Profile
Employment in Mining rose by more than 70% adding 34,400 jobs over
the five years. Despite this, it continues to be a relatively small employer
in the state (with 3.4% of total). Health Care and Social Assistance also
recorded strong employment growth (up by 33% or 71,600).
Queensland is Australia’s third largest employing state, with
almost 2.4 million workers (or about 20% of the nation’s workforce).
There were 125,900 new jobs created over the five years to
November 2013, with employment growth (5.6%) slightly below
the national average (6.5%).
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing experienced the largest fall in
employment (down by 23,900 or 29.0%).
Employment by Industry, Queensland
The Queensland workforce is regionally dispersed, with more
than 40% of the state’s workers employed outside the Brisbane Gold Coast area. Large employing regions include Mackay-FitzroyCentral West (227,000 workers) and the Sunshine Coast (162,900).
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
% of
total
‘000
%
‘000
%
144.9
82.8
58.3
42.8
235.7
169.9
34.7
53.4
289.9
27.9
192.0
80.8
103.9
159.5
156.0
48.7
276.5
134.9
74.6
6.1
3.5
2.4
1.8
9.9
7.1
1.5
2.2
12.2
1.2
8.1
3.4
4.4
6.7
6.5
2.0
11.6
5.7
3.1
-15.9
14.4
-23.9
9.1
-13.5
-2.4
8.5
-8.3
71.6
-8.6
-1.4
34.4
7.7
16.7
22.4
-7.7
13.5
-11.8
10.7
-9.9
21.1
-29.0
27.2
-5.4
-1.4
32.4
-13.4
32.8
-23.6
-0.7
74.1
8.0
11.7
16.8
-13.6
5.1
-8.0
16.7
Industries
Workers in this state are less likely to have undertaken study after
schooling (61% have post-school qualifications) than the national
average (64%). Workers outside of Brisbane are considerably more
likely to hold a certificate III or higher vocational education and
training qualification (36%) than a bachelor degree or higher (17%).
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
Employment Share by Region, Queensland
(% of state total)
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Population and Employment by Region, Queensland
Population
Population
Aug 2012
Regions
Brisbane
Gold Coast
Sunshine Coast
West Moreton
Wide Bay-Burnett
Darling Downs-South West
Mackay-Fitzroy-Central West
Northern-North West
Far North
Queensland
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
2,081.1
585.9
324.3
82.3
289.7
264.2
404.5
264.3
268.0
4,565.5
1,081.0
301.7
162.9
38.8
122.3
147.5
227.0
141.2
137.7
2,382.4
52.2
20.6
14.0
1.0
2.9
14.5
23.3
4.8
3.9
125.9
5.1
7.3
9.4
2.7
2.4
10.9
11.4
3.5
2.9
5.6
28
30
37
30
33
29
22
26
29
29
36
38
43
41
49
44
36
36
43
39
32
18
24
14
10
17
15
16
17
24
31
29
39
44
42
35
33
36
44
33
34
49
32
40
42
43
48
46
36
39
7
JOBS BY LOCATION
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Employment
SA
Australia
804,100
11,645,500
-1.6%
0.6%
1.1%
6.5%
Working part-time
34%
30%
Female
46%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
16%
42%
39%
Employment Nov 2013
The largest employing industries in South Australia are Health Care
and Social Assistance, Retail Trade, Manufacturing and Construction.
Collectively, they account for more than two in every five jobs.
A slightly higher proportion of state workers are employed in
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (around 4.5%) and Manufacturing
(10.1%) than the average for Australia (2.7% and 8.0% respectively).
Relatively few, though, work in Professional, Scientific and Technical
Services and Financial and Insurance Services (6.1% and 2.7%)
compared with the average for Australia (7.7% and 3.6% respectively).
Employment Profile
Employment increased in 10 of the 19 industries over the five years
to November 2013. The largest gains were in Public Administration
and Safety, Health Care and Social Assistance and Construction.
Together, 28,600 new jobs were created in these industries, but
this was offset by falls in employment in some others.
South Australia has a relatively small workforce, with 7% of
national employment or 804,100 workers. Employment rose by
8,500 or 1.1% over the five years to November 2013, a significantly
lower growth rate than the national average.
Over the same period, the largest employment loss was
in Manufacturing (down by 13,200), although some sectors
of Manufacturing in South Australia experienced strong
employment growth. For example, Primary Metal and Metal
Product Manufacturing gained 3,000 jobs.
Employment is concentrated in Adelaide, which employs
603,600 workers, or three quarters of the state’s workforce.
Outside Adelaide, there are two regions. Northern and Western SA
is larger in area than Southern and Eastern SA, but has fewer workers.
South Australia has the second highest proportion of its workers
aged 45 years or older (only Tasmania has more). In regional areas
of South Australia, 46% are in this age group. Workers in this state
are more likely to be employed part-time than workers nationally.
Employment by Industry, South Australia
Employment
A slightly higher proportion of South Australian workers do not have
post-school qualifications (38%) compared with the national
average (36%). This is especially evident in regional locations (43%).
Although a relatively high proportion of state workers have a
certificate III or higher vocational education and training qualification
(34% compared with 31% nationally), fewer have a bachelor degree
or higher (24% compared with 29%).
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Industries
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
Employment Share by Region, South Australia
(% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2013
‘000
%
‘000
%
50.4
28.9
36.6
11.3
68.2
63.6
9.9
21.4
108.5
12.2
80.9
13.3
31.7
48.7
57.2
9.2
92.3
37.6
24.7
6.3
3.6
4.5
1.4
8.5
7.9
1.2
2.7
13.5
1.5
10.1
1.7
3.9
6.1
7.1
1.1
11.5
4.7
3.1
2.1
0.4
-7.4
-3.2
6.6
3.7
-2.1
-3.0
9.1
-0.8
-13.2
3.5
-1.2
4.9
12.9
-2.1
1.8
1.3
-1.5
4.3
1.2
-16.8
-22.0
10.6
6.2
-17.5
-12.2
9.2
-5.9
-14.0
35.5
-3.5
11.3
29.1
-18.9
2.0
3.5
-5.7
Population and Employment by Region, South Australia
Population
Population
Aug 2012
Regions
Adelaide
Southern and Eastern SA
Northern and Western SA
South Australia
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher
VET qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
1,219.7
274.5
162.0
1,656.3
603.6
137.5
74.4
804.1
25.4
-1.5
0.7
8.5
4.4
-1.1
1.0
1.1
34
33
34
34
41
45
48
42
27
16
12
24
34
37
37
34
36
42
44
38
8
JOBS BY LOCATION
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Employment
WA
Australia
1,334,600
11,645,500
1.0%
0.6%
11.7%
6.5%
Working part-time
28%
30%
Female
44%
46%
Employment Nov 2013
The largest employing industries are Construction, Health Care and
Social Assistance, Retail Trade and Mining. Each of these employs
more than 100,000 workers (or combined, almost 40% of total
employment in the state). Mining is now the fourth largest employing
industry in Western Australia (five years ago it was the eighth largest)
and the state accounts for almost 40% of national Mining employment.
Employment Profile
Aged 15 to 24 years
17%
16%
38%
39%
Employment grew in 13 of the 19 industries over the five years to
November 2013. The Mining industry contributed the most new jobs
(36,600) and also had the strongest growth (52.8%). It is worth
noting, though, that over the year to November 2013, employment
in Mining in Western Australia fell by 5,900 or 5.3%.
Western Australia has been the fastest growing state in Australia
in terms of employment (although the Northern Territory had
stronger growth), with a rise of 11.7% or 140,200 over the
five years to November 2013, almost double the national average
growth rate of 6.5%. Employment growth moderated, though, in
2013, with softer conditions in the resources sector. There are more
than 1.3 million workers employed in Western Australia, making it
Australia’s fourth largest employing state.
Other large contributors to employment growth in this state over
the past five years include Construction, Health Care and Social
Assistance and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services.
Combined, these industries contributed more than 60,000 new jobs.
There were significant job losses in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
over the five years (down by 21,300 or 43.6%).
Employment by Industry, Western Australia
Western Australia has the highest concentration of employment
in its state capital of any state (around three quarters of workers live
in Perth, but due to fly in/fly out arrangements many may work in
regional locations). Outside of Perth, employment is fairly evenly
spread between the two regions, despite their markedly different
geographic size.
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Industries
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
Workers in Western Australia are slightly less likely to hold a bachelor
degree or higher qualification but are more likely to hold a certificate
III or higher vocational education and training qualification than the
national average.
Workers in the Remainder-Balance WA region (which includes some
of the most remote workplaces in Australia) are much more likely to be
employed full-time (79%) compared with the national average (70%).
Employment Share by Region, Western Australia
(% of state total)
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2013
‘000
%
‘000
%
81.0
44.2
27.5
18.0
146.2
94.6
23.2
36.7
135.0
12.9
95.9
105.9
58.9
93.8
80.8
27.9
128.6
77.0
35.6
6.1
3.3
2.1
1.3
11.0
7.1
1.7
2.8
10.1
1.0
7.2
7.9
4.4
7.0
6.1
2.1
9.6
5.8
2.7
12.0
8.9
-21.3
-1.2
22.2
13.9
1.7
6.7
19.9
-1.2
-5.6
36.6
9.5
19.7
11.3
3.5
-7.8
15.6
-6.9
17.3
25.1
-43.6
-6.3
17.9
17.2
7.8
22.5
17.2
-8.7
-5.5
52.8
19.3
26.6
16.2
14.1
-5.7
25.5
-16.2
Population and Employment by Region, Western Australia
Population
Region
Perth
Lower Western WA
Remainder-Balance WA
Western Australia
Employment
Population
Aug 2012
Employ’t
Nov 2013
‘000
1,808.7
339.1
284.9
2,432.7
‘000
998.2
170.7
154.0
1,334.6
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2013
‘000
122.7
10.6
24.3
140.2
%
14.0
6.6
18.8
11.7
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher VET
qual
Without
a postschool qual
%
29
30
21
28
%
37
41
38
38
%
29
16
16
25
%
32
37
34
33
%
35
41
44
37
9
JOBS BY LOCATION
TASMANIA
Employment
TAS
Australia
228,500
11,645,500
-1.9%
0.6%
-5.0%
6.5%
Working part-time
37%
30%
Female
47%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
15%
16%
45%
39%
Employment Nov 2013
The four largest employing industries in Tasmania are Health Care
and Social Assistance, Retail Trade, Education and Training and
Construction. Together, they account for around 43% of employment.
Over the five years to November 2013, employment increased in
seven of the 19 industries. Other Services, Health Care and Social
Assistance and Mining together added 7,800 new jobs, however,
this was offset by job losses in some other industries.
Employment Profile
Employment in Mining almost doubled, but it is still a small employer
of Tasmanians, with less than 2.0% of workers. Other Services and
Information Media and Telecommunications also recorded strong
growth (up by 38% and 31% respectively).
Tasmania is Australia’s smallest employing state (although both
the territories have smaller labour markets), with around 2% of
national employment. Employment fell by 12,000 (or 5.0%) over
the five years to November 2013.
Over the same period, the largest falls in employment occurred
in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Wholesale Trade and Public
Administration and Safety.
Tasmania has the most regionally dispersed workforce of any state
or territory. More than half of the state’s employment is located
outside Hobart. Two of the three non-metropolitan regional areas,
Northern and Mersey-Lyell, have significant shares
of the state’s workforce, but Southern has relatively few workers.
Despite job losses in the industry, Tasmania still has a higher share
of national Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing employment (3.9%) than
it does of total national employment. By comparison, it has relatively
low shares of Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (1.0%)
and Financial and Insurance Services (1.2%) employment.
Tasmania’s workforce has an older age profile than other states and
territories (45% of workers are aged 45 years or older) and a higher
proportion of its workers are employed part-time (37%).
Employment by Industry, Tasmania
Employment
Workers in Tasmania are less likely than those in most other states
to have studied after leaving school (39% do not hold post-school
qualifications compared with 36% nationally). Vocational education
and training (VET) qualifications, though, are very important, with 35%
of workers holding a certificate III or higher VET qualification, the
highest share of any state or territory. Workers are considerably less
likely, however, to hold a bachelor degree or higher (21% compared
with the national average of 29%).
Employment Share by Region, Tasmania (% of state total)
Employ’t
Nov 2013
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Industries
‘000
%
‘000
%
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
17.2
6.4
12.5
4.0
18.0
19.1
3.3
4.9
32.1
4.5
17.8
3.9
10.9
8.8
16.0
2.7
29.2
9.7
6.1
7.5
2.8
5.5
1.8
7.9
8.3
1.4
2.1
14.1
2.0
7.8
1.7
4.8
3.8
7.0
1.2
12.8
4.3
2.7
-0.3
-1.0
-4.9
0.5
-2.8
-0.9
0.2
-2.6
2.9
1.1
-2.0
1.9
3.0
-2.3
-3.4
-1.0
-0.3
0.6
-3.6
-1.9
-13.2
-28.0
13.7
-13.3
-4.6
5.8
-35.0
9.9
31.1
-10.0
94.3
37.8
-20.6
-17.6
-27.0
-0.9
6.9
-36.8
Population and Employment by Region, Tasmania
Population
Population
Aug 2012
Region
Hobart
Southern
Northern
Mersey-Lyell
Tasmania
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employment Profile
5 year change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Aged 45
years or
older
With a bachelor
degree or
higher qual
With a cert III
or higher VET
qual
Without
a postschool qual
‘000
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
215.7
38.9
143.5
114.1
512.3
99.9
16.1
65.5
49.0
228.5
-3.3
-0.2
-1.1
-1.3
-12.0
-3.2
-1.2
-1.6
-2.6
-5.0
37
39
39
34
37
43
50
46
46
45
28
13
18
12
21
31
41
36
42
35
37
41
39
41
39
10
JOBS BY LOCATION
NORTHERN TERRITORY
AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY
Employment
NT
Australia
129,100
11,645,500
2.1%
0.6%
12.4%
6.5%
Employment Nov 2013
Employment Profile
Employment
ACT
Australia
208,900
11,645,500
0.0%
0.6%
4.8%
6.5%
Employment Nov 2013
Employment Profile
Working part-time
18%
30%
Working part-time
27%
30%
Female
46%
46%
Female
48%
46%
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
16%
Aged 15 to 24 years
16%
16%
37%
39%
35%
39%
With a bachelor degree or higher qual
26%
29%
43%
29%
With a cert III or higher VET qual
30%
31%
24%
31%
Without a post-school qual
38%
36%
30%
36%
The Northern Territory (NT) has Australia’s smallest labour market,
with 129,100 workers or about 1% of the national total. Over the five
years to November 2013, employment grew strongly (up by 14,200
or 12.4%).
The largest employing industry is Public Administration and Safety
(22,300 workers). Other large employing industries are Construction,
Health Care and Social Assistance, Education and Training and
Retail Trade, which combined employ more than 50,000 workers.
Construction (up by 5,400) contributed the most new jobs over the
five years to November 2013.
The NT has a slightly higher share of the nation’s Public Administration
and Safety and Mining jobs than it has of total national employment.
The workforce is slightly younger than the national average and
workers are more likely to be employed full-time.
Workers in the NT are slightly less likely to have studied after leaving
school (62% have furthered their study compared with the Australian
average of 64%). About 30% hold a certificate III or higher vocational
education and training qualification and around one in every four
holds a bachelor degree or higher.
There are 208,900 workers in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT),
accounting for almost 2% of national employment. Over the five
years to November 2013, employment rose by 4.8% or 9,700, below
the national growth rate of 6.5%. The largest number of new jobs
was in Public Administration and Safety (up by 15,800 or 28.0%).
Employment is dominated by the Public Administration and
Safety industry, which employs more than one in three ACT
workers (or 72,100).
The workforce is highly skilled. Just 30% of its workers do not hold
post-school qualifications. Workers in the ACT are much more likely
to hold a bachelor degree or higher qualification than those in
other locations. Fewer ACT workers hold a certificate III or higher
vocational education and training qualification (24% compared with
31% nationally), reflecting the ACT’s low share of employment in
industries in which trades employment is significant, such as
Manufacturing (1.9% compared with 8.0% nationally) and
Construction (6.5% compared with 8.9%).
Employment by Industry, Australian Capital Territory
Employment
Employment by Industry, Northern Territory
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Industries
‘000
%
‘000
%
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
7.0
4.3
1.8
2.9
14.3
11.8
1.7
2.0
14.0
1.3
4.2
5.3
6.5
6.5
22.3
1.9
11.3
7.0
3.5
5.4
3.4
1.4
2.2
11.1
9.1
1.4
1.5
10.8
1.0
3.3
4.1
5.1
5.0
17.3
1.5
8.7
5.4
2.7
0.6
0.6
-1.5
-0.2
5.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
2.4
-0.8
-0.2
0.1
1.5
1.8
4.2
-0.2
-1.1
1.5
1.0
9.0
17.0
-45.6
-7.5
60.9
3.7
6.2
6.3
20.6
-38.1
-4.2
2.5
29.0
38.0
23.2
-7.7
-9.0
28.6
38.2
% of
total
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Industries
‘000
%
‘000
%
Construction
Manufacturing
Mining
Other Services
Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
10.4
6.3
0.5
4.0
13.6
18.2
0.7
3.1
21.2
5.6
4.0
0.3
6.9
17.5
72.1
2.3
16.0
4.7
1.9
5.0
3.0
0.2
1.9
6.5
8.7
0.3
1.5
10.2
2.7
1.9
0.1
3.3
8.4
34.5
1.1
7.7
2.3
0.9
-1.1
1.5
0.0
-0.6
1.0
1.6
-0.7
-0.9
3.4
0.3
-0.9
0.2
-0.8
-5.2
15.8
0.0
-1.6
-0.4
-0.6
-9.4
32.2
-12.6
7.8
9.7
-53.1
-22.6
19.2
5.4
-19.1
-10.0
-22.9
28.0
-9.2
-7.9
-22.4
Sources: ABS Labour Force; ABS Survey of Education and Work.
11
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
There are 19 broad industries. The five largest industries together
employ almost half of all workers. These are
• Health Care and Social Assistance (12% of workforce)
• Retail Trade (11%)
• Construction (9%)
• Manufacturing (8%)
• Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (8%).
The industry distribution of the labour market is changing
(this is called structural change). Slightly more than a decade ago,
Manufacturing was Australia’s largest employing industry, now it
is fourth. As some industries lose jobs, others grow.
Over the five years to November 2013, around 712,900 new jobs
were created, with more than 100,000 in each of
• Health Care and Social Assistance (up by 270,200)
• Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (106,200)
• Public Administration and Safety (102,800).
Employment fell in five industries over the five years to November
2013 (although some subsectors in those industries rose). These were
• Manufacturing (down by 99,000)
• Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (47,200)
• Information Media and Telecommunications (33,200)
• Transport, Postal and Warehousing (9,600)
• Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services (3,400).
It is also interesting to note that there are inter-relationships between
industries. Jobs in sectors like Transport, Postal and Warehousing
and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services may be created
through activity in other industries, such as Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing, Mining and Manufacturing. For example, if agricultural
production rises, there is more demand for transport services to
get the products to market.
Industry employment profiles vary greatly in terms of age, location,
gender and educational attainment. For example
• In Construction, 88% of workers are male but in Health Care
and Social Assistance, almost four in five are female.
• The workforce in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing is relatively
old (56% of workers are aged 45 years or older) but in
Accommodation and Food Services workers are relatively young
(just 22% are 45 years or older and 43% are aged 15 to 24 years).
Regional Dispersion
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing has the highest proportion of its
employment in regional areas (87%), followed by Mining (59%).
The five industries with the largest numbers of jobs in regional
Australia, though, are
• Health Care and Social Assistance (around 529,000)
• Retail Trade (475,000)
• Construction (415,000)
• Public Administration and Safety (340,600)
• Education and Training (320,000).
Employment by Industry
Employment
Employ’t % of total
Nov 2013 workforce
Industry
Employment Profile
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or older
Outside state
capital cities
Projected employ’t
5 year change to
Nov 2018
‘000
%
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
‘000
%
780.1
7
62.5
8.7
58
56
22
39
55.2
7.1
390.6
3
44.4
12.8
42
51
42
34
37.3
9.6
319.1
3
-47.2
-12.9
27
29
56
87
-2.8
-0.9
212.1
2
11.9
6.0
45
45
32
30
15.6
7.4
1,038.1
9
35.0
3.5
15
12
34
40
83.5
8.0
Construction
895.8
8
87.0
10.8
38
70
48
36
118.8
13.3
157.1
1
24.9
18.9
7
21
43
43
9.8
6.2
420.1
4
17.4
4.3
17
52
33
18
20.5
4.9
16.3
1,405.3
12
270.2
23.8
44
79
47
37
229.4
193.7
2
-33.2
-14.6
22
42
31
21
0.2
0.1
Manufacturing
934.1
8
-99.0
-9.6
15
27
42
34
-40.3
-4.3
Mining
274.5
2
98.0
55.5
3
15
33
59
-12.3
-4.5
Other Services
474.8
4
18.5
4.1
29
43
35
38
20.7
4.4
896.3
8
106.2
13.4
22
43
35
22
88.7
9.9
774.2
7
102.8
15.3
17
47
47
44
48.5
6.3
195.9
2
-3.4
-1.7
24
49
41
34
15.1
7.7
1,251.0
11
24.2
2.0
49
57
29
38
98.2
7.8
588.3
5
-9.6
-1.6
20
22
49
34
32.1
5.5
Wholesale Trade
403.3
3
0.0
0.0
17
33
45
29
19.9
4.9
11,645.5
100
712.9
6.5
30
46
39
37
838.1
7.2
Retail Trade
All Industries
These projections are based on ABS employment data for November 2013 and the Government’s forecasts and projections in the December 2013 Mid-Year Economic
and Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO). As such, they may not fully take account of the Government’s policies to boost employment growth, including reducing red tape costs,
lowering the company tax rate and abolishing the carbon and mining taxes. Accordingly, these projections may understate employment growth over the five years to
November 2018.
Sources: ABS Labour Force; Department of Employment, Employment Projections.
12
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICES
Which industries will have the most new jobs
over the next five years?
Employment
Sixteen of the 19 industries are projected to increase their employment
over the five years to November 2018. Health Care and Social
Assistance is expected to provide the largest number of new jobs
(up by 229,400), followed by Education and Training and Retail Trade
(which, combined, are also likely to rise by a similar number). Together,
these industries are projected to provide half of all new positions.
The industries projected to grow most strongly in percentage terms
are Health Care and Social Assistance (up by 16.3%), Education and
Training (13.3%), Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
(9.9%) and Administrative and Support Services (9.6%).
The largest decline in employment is expected to be in Manufacturing
(down by 40,300). Employment levels are also expected to decline in
Mining (12,300) and Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (2,800).
Projected Employment Growth, Industry Share
(% of total growth)
Other
15.0%
This industry
All industries
780,100
-1.6%
8.7%
7.1%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
58%
56%
43%
22%
39%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
11%
25%
58%
29%
31%
36%
105,400
88,200
83,300
74,500
65,400
111,500
128,700
89,900
528,200
85,000
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Waiters
Kitchenhands
Bar Attendants and Baristas
Sales Assistants, General
Chefs
Accommodation and Food Services represents 6.7% of Australia’s
workforce. The industry experienced strong growth (up by 8.7%)
over the five years to November 2013, with 62,500 new jobs.
Health Care and
Social Assistance
25.7%
Administrative and
Support Services
4.2%
Employment Nov 2013
5 year projected change to Nov 2018
Over the next five years, employment is projected to grow at about
the same rate as the all industries average (up by 7.1% or 55,200).
Public Administration
and Safety
5.4%
Accommodation and
Food Services
6.2%
13.3%
Construction
9.3%
Professional, Scientific
and Technical Services
9.9%
Retail Trade
11.0%
Source: Department of Employment, Industry Employment Projections
The chart below provides more disaggregated information about
where the new jobs will be. It highlights the growth in Health Care
and Social Assistance and Education and Training, but also the
diversity of new opportunities.
Accommodation and Food Services has the youngest age profile
of any industry, with the lowest proportion of workers aged 45 years
or older and the highest proportion of workers aged 15 to 24 years.
Workers in this industry are also more likely to be employed
part-time than those in other industries, with many people
combining work with study.
This industry provides good entry-level opportunities to the labour
market. Almost three in every five workers do not hold post-school
qualifications. Jobs are also available in almost every location, with
around 300,000 jobs outside state capital cities.
Occupation Profile
Accommodation and Food Services (% of industry total)
Other
6.4%
Projected Employment Growth for Top 10 Industry
Subsectors (‘000)
School Education
58.9
Medical Services
49.0
Cafés, Restaurants and Takeaway Food Services
43.7
Allied Health Services
43.0
Supermarket and Grocery Stores
Tertiary Education
Labourers
22.1%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
12.5%
36.3
32.7
Computer System Design and Related Services
31.1
Other Social Assistance Services
30.4
Legal and Accounting Services
30.3
Hospitals
Managers
18.1%
Sales Workers
12.2%
Community and Personal
Service Workers
28.7%
29.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Source: Department of Employment, Industry Employment Projections
60
13
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICES AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
This industry
All industries
390,600
-1.7%
12.8%
9.6%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
42%
51%
12%
42%
34%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
19%
29%
46%
29%
31%
36%
76,500
26,900
25,600
19,000
18,400
156,000
61,700
29,800
23,000
69,100
Employment Profile
Employment Nov 2013
This industry
All industries
319,100
-1.4%
-12.9%
-0.9%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
27%
29%
10%
56%
87%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
12%
29%
50%
29%
31%
36%
72,500
46,000
26,500
24,600
19,700
72,500
48,200
26,500
32,200
23,700
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Top 5 Occupations
Cleaners, Commercial
Human Resource Professionals
Cleaners, Domestic
Tourism and Travel Advisers
Gardeners
Administrative and Support Services has 3.4% of national
employment (390,600) with the majority of jobs concentrated in the
state capital cities. Employment grew strongly over the five years to
November 2013 (up by 12.8% or 44,400) despite a slight fall in 2013.
Employment in this industry is projected to increase strongly over
the next five years, up by 9.6% (or 37,300), well above the average
growth across all industries (7.2%).
Labourers make up a higher proportion of workers in Administrative
and Support Services than in any other industry (41.5% compared
with the all industries average of 9.9%). One in four workers is a
Cleaner (Commercial, Domestic and Other).
Compared with the all industries average, workers in this industry
are more likely to be female and work part-time.
They are also less likely to have post-school qualifications.
Accordingly, the industry offers many entry-level opportunities to the
labour market. Almost one in three jobs (around 130,000) is located
outside state capital cities.
Occupation Profile
Administrative and Support Services (% of industry total)
Other
5.1%
Farmers, Livestock
Farmers, Crop
Farmers, Mixed Crop and Livestock
Farm Workers, Livestock
Farm Workers, Crop
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing employs 319,100 workers and
accounts for 2.7% of national employment. Employment fell by
47,200 over the five years to November 2013 and is expected to
continue to decline over the next five years (down by 0.9%).
Despite this, employers report difficulty recruiting, and there
are good opportunities for seasonal work.
The vast majority of jobs are in Agriculture (285,200). Reflecting
this, Farmers and Farm Managers account for more than half of the
workforce. Less than 14,000 people work in Aquaculture, Forestry
and Logging and Fishing, Hunting and Trapping combined.
About 87% of jobs are outside state capitals so there are good
opportunities for employment in this industry in regional areas
(with around 278,000 jobs).
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing has the oldest age profile of any
industry, with 56% of workers aged 45 years or older. Many people
in this industry continue working beyond the usual retirement age.
Females make up a relatively low proportion of the workforce and
half of all workers do not hold post-school qualifications.
Occupation Profile
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (% of industry total)
Managers
10.7%
Other
3.2%
Professionals
11.4%
Labourers
23.8%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
7.8%
Labourers
41.5%
Community and
Personal Service Workers
8.0%
Clerical and
Administrative Workers
15.5%
Employment
Managers
54.2%
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
5.8%
Clerical and
6.7%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
6.3%
14
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
ARTS AND RECREATION SERVICES
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
CONSTRUCTION
This industry
All industries
212,100
0.2%
6.0%
7.4%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
45%
45%
26%
32%
30%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
24%
27%
43%
29%
31%
36%
15,800
9,300
9,000
8,600
7,700
41,800
27,600
9,000
11,800
9,800
Employment Profile
Employment
This industry
All industries
1,038,100
3.4%
3.5%
8.0%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
15%
12%
17%
34%
40%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
8%
52%
36%
29%
31%
36%
109,500
88,000
78,600
63,300
45,400
133,900
145,400
79,700
79,700
45,400
Employment Nov 2013
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Top 5 Occupations
Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials
Fitness Instructors
Sportspersons
Music Professionals
Gaming Workers
Arts and Recreation Services is a small employing industry with
212,100 workers, or 1.8% of national employment. It covers a
diverse range of activities including the operation of casinos,
museums, parks and gardens, creative and performing arts,
and professional and recreational sports.
Over the five years to November 2013, employment rose by 6.0%
(or 11,900), slightly below the national average growth rate (6.5%).
Stronger employment growth is likely for the five years to November
2018, with a projected increase of 7.4% (or 15,600), similar to the all
industries average (7.2%).
Employment in Arts and Recreation Services is relatively
concentrated in state capital cities, but there are more than
60,000 jobs in regional areas.
Around 45% of the workers in this industry are employed part-time
and the workforce is relatively young (one in four workers is aged
15 to 24 years). In addition, 43% of workers do not hold post-school
qualifications, well above the national average (36%), suggesting it
presents good opportunities for entry to the labour market.
Occupation Profile
Arts and Recreation Services (% of industry total)
Labourers
6.6%
Other
5.4%
Managers
13.9%
Carpenters and Joiners
Electricians
Plumbers
Managers, Construction
Painting Trades Workers
Construction is the third largest employing industry in Australia, with
8.9% of national employment. Over the five years to November 2013,
employment rose at a relatively low rate (up by 3.5%). Despite this,
35,000 new jobs were created. Strong growth has occurred in the
past year, and employment is projected to recover strongly over the
next five years, with the employment growth rate expected to more
than double (to 8.0%), creating 83,500 new jobs.
The Construction workforce is dominated by Technicians and Trades
Workers. Consistent with this, more than half the workers hold
vocational education and training qualifications at the certificate III
or higher level.
Construction has the lowest proportion of females of any industry.
The workforce is younger than the all industries average, and workers
are predominantly employed full-time.
This industry has a slightly higher proportion of its workforce outside
state capital cities than the national average, offering around 415,000
jobs in regional areas.
Occupation Profile
Construction (% of industry total)
Other
4.8%
Labourers
15.1%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
12.3%
Professionals
21.9%
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
8.3%
Clerical and
9.6%
Community and
28.3%
Managers
9.7%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
11.6%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
52.5%
15
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
This industry
All industries
895,800
-1.5%
10.8%
13.3%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
38%
70%
9%
48%
36%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
64%
19%
15%
29%
31%
36%
152,400
129,500
72,800
45,900
33,400
152,400
129,500
82,000
49,300
41,100
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Teachers, Primary School
Teachers, Secondary School
Education Aides
University Lecturers and Tutors
Teachers, Vocational Education
Education and Training is a relatively large industry, with almost
900,000 workers, or 7.7% of national employment. It experienced
strong growth over the five years to November 2013, with 87,000
new jobs.
Over the five years to November 2018, employment is projected to
increase strongly (up by 13.3% or 118,800), providing one in every
eight new jobs nationally.
This industry’s workforce is female dominated (70% of workers are
female), and part-time work is common.
This industry also has a comparatively older workforce, which
suggests there is likely to be relatively high replacement demand
in the next decade as workers retire.
Education and Training employs the largest proportion of Professionals
of any industry (about 62% compared with the all industries average of
22%), mainly Teachers. Reflecting this, the industry also has the
highest proportion of workers with a bachelor degree or higher
qualification.
Occupation Profile
Education and Training (% of industry total)
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
10.8%
Other
6.0%
ELECTRICITY, GAS, WATER
AND WASTE SERVICES
Employment
This industry
All industries
157,100
8.6%
18.9%
6.2%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
7%
21%
8%
43%
43%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
27%
40%
28%
29%
31%
36%
10,400
9,000
7,700
6,100
6,000
145,400
170,300
8,300
126,900
22,000
Employment Nov 2013
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Electricians
Drivers, Truck
Electrical Distribution Trades Workers
Contract, Programme and Project Administrators
Engineers, Electrical
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services is Australia’s smallest
employing industry, with around 157,000 workers, or 1.3% of
national employment. There were 24,900 new jobs created over
the five years to November 2013 (a rise of 18.9%).
Employment growth is expected to moderate over the next five
years, with a projected rise of 6.2% or 9,800, below the national
average growth rate of 7.2%.
This industry has a slightly larger proportion of its workforce outside
state capital cities than the national average, providing around
65,000 regional jobs.
Almost all workers in this industry are employed full-time and the
workforce is male dominated (around four in five workers are male).
Workers in this industry are generally skilled, with more than 70%
having post-school qualifications. Vocational education and training
qualifications at the certificate III or higher level are common.
Occupation Profile
(% of industry total)
Managers
6.4%
Labourers
7.0%
Other
2.2%
Managers
13.0%
Machinery
Operators and
Drivers
12.2%
Community
and Personal
Service Workers
14.3%
Professionals
20.3%
Professionals
62.5%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
19.4%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
25.9%
16
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE SERVICES
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
This industry
All industries
420,100
0.4%
4.3%
4.9%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
17%
52%
10%
33%
18%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
47%
23%
27%
29%
31%
36%
51,500
37,400
24,600
23,500
20,600
51,500
39,500
28,800
27,300
24,700
Employment Profile
HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
This industry
All industries
1,405,300
1.9%
23.8%
16.3%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
44%
79%
10%
47%
37%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
43%
34%
19%
29%
31%
36%
221,000
122,900
98,700
90,000
82,900
240,700
127,000
128,400
97,400
170,700
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
With a bachelor degree or higher
Top 5 Occupations
With a bachelor degree or higher
Top 5 Occupations
Bank Workers
Financial Investment Advisers and Managers
Clerks, Insurance, Money Market and Statistical
Credit and Loan Officers
Financial Brokers
Financial and Insurance Services is a relatively small employing
industry with around 420,000 workers, or 3.6% of national
employment. Over the five years to November 2013, employment
rose by 17,400 (or 4.3%). Employment growth is expected to
continue to be modest over the five years to November 2018
(up by 20,500 or 4.9%).
Employment is highly concentrated in state capital cities, particularly
in Sydney and Melbourne where many financial institutions have
their head offices.
The industry employs a relatively narrow range of occupations.
Clerical and Administrative Workers and Professionals dominate,
accounting for around four in every five workers, markedly higher
than their share of total national employment (37% or slightly more
than one in three workers).
Nurses, Registered
Carers, Aged and Disabled
Carers, Child
Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers
Receptionists
Health Care and Social Assistance is Australia’s largest employing
industry and one of the strongest growing. It has 1.4 million workers,
or 12.1% of national employment. It is also the largest employer
in regional Australia, with more than half a million jobs outside
state capitals.
Over the five years to November 2018, employment is expected
to continue to increase very strongly, up by 16.3% or 229,400.
Significantly more jobs are likely to be created in this industry than
in any other.
The industry’s workforce is female dominated (most of the largest
occupations employ relatively few males). It also has a higher
proportion of older workers than the average across all industries.
Given the significant employment of Professionals, the higher
education sector plays an important role in the provision of skills.
Almost half of this industry’s workers hold a bachelor degree or
higher qualification.
Workers in the Health Care and Social Assistance industry are
generally highly skilled. Most hold post-school qualifications
(more than two in five have a bachelor degree or higher), reflecting
the requirements for entry to most of the major occupations in this
sector. A high proportion of workers are Professionals (almost twice
the national average).
Occupation Profile
Financial and Insurance Services (% of industry total)
Occupation Profile
Health Care and Social Assistance (% of industry total)
Other
5.7%
Other Managers
4.5%
Labourers 5.0%
4.9%
Managers
15.4%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
14.7%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
43.1%
Professionals
39.4%
Professionals
35.8%
Community and
31.5%
17
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
INFORMATION MEDIA AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
MANUFACTURING
Employment
This industry
All industries
193,700
-14.8%
-14.6%
0.1%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
22%
42%
15%
31%
21%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
32%
27%
32%
29%
31%
36%
13,900
12,700
8,400
7,900
6,600
19,100
22,500
16,700
11,500
132,800
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Telecommunications Trades Workers
Journalists and Other Writers
Sales Assistants, ICT
Directors, Film, Television, Radio and Stage
Managers, Advertising and Sales
Information Media and Telecommunications is a diverse industry
including newspaper and Internet publishing, radio and
broadcasting. It is a small employing industry with 193,700 workers,
or 1.7% of national employment. New South Wales has a relatively
high concentration of this industry’s jobs (36%) and relatively few
jobs are located outside the state capital cities (21%).
Employment fell by 33,200 or 14.6%, over the five years to November
2013, the largest percentage fall of any industry. Over the next five
years, there is expected to be little change in employment numbers
(up by 0.1% or 200).
Workers in Information Media and Telecommunications are most likely
to be Professionals who are employed full-time, but the top five
occupations demonstrate the diversity of roles offered in this industry.
Occupation Profile
Sales Workers
10.3%
Other
4.5%
This industry
All industries
934,100
-2.8%
-9.6%
-4.3%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
15%
27%
12%
42%
34%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
17%
36%
41%
29%
31%
36%
45,200
37,000
37,000
27,100
25,100
84,800
124,600
54,300
27,100
528,200
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers
Metal Fitters and Machinists
Managers, Production
Factory Workers, Food and Drink
Over the five years to November 2013, employment in
Manufacturing fell by 99,000, the largest fall of any industry.
Nonetheless it is still a large employer of Australian workers,
with 8.0% of total employment, or more than 930,000 jobs,
including around 320,000 in regional areas.
Employment is expected to continue to decline over the next
five years, but at a considerably slower rate (down by 4.3%
or 40,300). Some sectors within Manufacturing, however, are
expected to increase employment over this period, including
Food Product Manufacturing.
A relatively high proportion of the workforce is male (73%), and
most employment is full-time (with only 15% of those employed
in this industry working part-time).
Technicians and Trades Workers is the largest occupational group
and vocational education and training is a key provider of skills to
this industry. Consequently, a relatively high proportion of workers
hold a certificate III or higher vocational qualification. Relatively few
Manufacturing workers hold higher education qualifications.
Occupation Profile
Manufacturing (% of industry total)
Managers
15.5%
Other
5.9%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
17.2%
Managers
14.9%
Labourers
17.9%
Professionals
9.5%
Professionals
36.7%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
15.8%
Employment Nov 2013
Machinery
Operators
and Drivers
13.5%
Clerical and
10.6%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
27.7%
18
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
MINING
OTHER SERVICES
Employment
This industry
All industries
274,500
2.3%
55.5%
-4.5%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
3%
15%
9%
33%
59%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
20%
43%
32%
29%
31%
36%
54,900
26,600
14,500
14,000
8,200
57,800
124,600
170,300
28,500
145,400
Employment Nov 2013
Employment Profile
Employment
This industry
All industries
474,800
5.1%
4.1%
4.4%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
29%
43%
18%
35%
38%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
14%
53%
29%
29%
31%
36%
55,900
54,000
24,900
19,100
16,600
55,900
92,200
28,500
124,600
22,900
Employment Nov 2013
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Top 5 Occupations
Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers
Drivers, Truck
Engineering and Building Technicians, Other
Electricians
Mining is a small employing industry, with 274,500 jobs or 2.4%
of national employment. The industry recorded the strongest
employment growth of any industry over the five years to November
2013, up by 55.5% (or 98,000). Employment gains occurred across all
subdivisions with the largest being in Metal Ore Mining (up by 42,300).
Mining employment growth moderated, though, in 2013 and over the
next five years employment is expected to fall (down by 12,300 or
4.5%) as the construction phase has been completed for many new
mines and fewer workers will be needed for mining operations.
Western Australia (39%) and Queensland (29%) have high
concentrations of Mining employment, and the industry is a significant
employer in some regional areas. Around 160,000 workers, or 59%
of the Mining workforce, are employed outside state capital cities.
Most workers in Mining are male (85%), and almost everyone works
full-time (97%). The workforce is relatively skilled. More than two in
five workers hold a certificate III or higher vocational education and
training qualification.
Occupation Profile
Mining (% of industry total)
Labourers Other
4.6% 1.5%
Hairdressers
Motor Mechanics
Beauty Therapists
Panelbeaters
Other Services, which has employment of 475,800 and accounts
for 4.1% of the national total, is a diverse industry which includes
personal care, funeral and religious services, and machinery and
automotive repair and maintenance activities. This diversity is
highlighted by the range of the occupations employed.
Employment rose by 18,500 (or 4.1%) over the five years to
November 2013. There was a large rise in job numbers in Personal
and Other Services (up by 35,200), but this was partly offset by
losses in Repair and Maintenance (down by 15,300). Relatively
low employment growth is expected over the five years to
November 2018 with growth of 4.4% (or 20,700).
A relatively high proportion of the workforce holds post-school
qualifications, but few workers have a bachelor degree or higher
qualification. Technicians and Trades Workers comprise almost half
the workforce in this industry and, consistent with this, more than
half its workers hold a certificate III or higher vocational education
and training qualification. The workforce is slightly younger, with a
higher proportion of males than the all industries average.
Occupation Profile
Other Services (% of industry total)
Managers
8.7%
Labourers
8.9%
Machinery
Operators
and Drivers
33.1%
Professionals
18.1%
Other
3.0%
Managers
8.1%
Professionals
8.8%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
11.4%
Community and
Personal Service
Workers
13.2%
Clerical and
7.9%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
26.1%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
46.6%
19
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND
TECHNICAL SERVICES
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SAFETY
This industry
All industries
896,300
-2.1%
13.4%
9.9%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
22%
43%
9%
35%
22%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
58%
21%
19%
29%
31%
36%
80,700
51,500
46,700
30,300
25,800
172,300
76,600
89,700
56,600
59,100
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Accountants
Solicitors
Software and Applications Programmers
Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators
Management and Organisation Analysts
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services includes a diverse
range of activities, such as legal and accounting services, veterinary
services and computer system design. It has 896,300 workers or 7.7%
of national employment. This industry experienced strong growth over
the five years to November 2013 (up by 13.4% or 106,200).
The employment growth rate is expected to ease over the next five
years (up by 9.9%, or 88,700), but will remain stronger than for most
other industries and will contribute almost one in ten of the nation’s
new jobs.
This industry has a highly skilled workforce. Four in five workers hold
post-school qualifications and more than half hold a bachelor degree
or higher qualification. Consistent with this profile, more than half its
jobs are for Professionals. Employment is relatively concentrated in
the state capital cities, but it provides 200,000 jobs in regional areas.
Occupation Profile
Other
3.9%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
18.0%
Managers
12.1%
Employment
This
industry
All industries
Employment Nov 2013
774,200
11.1%
15.3%
6.3%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
17%
47%
6%
47%
44%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
39%
31%
27%
29%
31%
36%
56,400
44,700
39,100
36,200
25,800
56,400
220,900
56,300
126,900
35,200
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Police
Clerks, General
Security Officers and Guards
Contract, Programme and Project Administrators
Inspectors and Regulatory Officers
This industry includes government administration, and services that
maintain or enforce public order and regulations.
Public Administration and Safety employs 774,200 Australians or
6.6% of total employment. Over the five years to November 2013,
employment rose by 15.3% or 102,800, well above the average
growth rate for all industries. Considerably lower growth is projected
over the five years to November 2018 (up by 6.3% or 48,500).
Around 340,000 people are employed in this industry outside state
capital cities, with many of these in the ACT (which is the location of
the majority of the Australian Government’s administration).
The workforce is highly skilled, with a relatively large proportion of
workers holding post-school qualifications, particularly at the
bachelor degree or higher level.
This industry has a slightly older workforce, with a higher proportion
of workers aged 45 or older and a lower proportion of workers aged
15 to 24, than the national average.
Occupation Profile
Public Administration and Safety (% of industry total)
Other
Labourers 2.7%
5.3%
Managers
10.1%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
29.2%
Technicians
and Trades
Workers
10.5%
Professionals
25.9%
Professionals
55.5%
Community and
21.2%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
5.6%
20
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
RENTAL, HIRING AND REAL
ESTATE SERVICES
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
RETAIL TRADE
Employment
This industry
All industries
195,900
-1.7%
-1.7%
7.7%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
24%
49%
13%
41%
34%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
23%
37%
35%
29%
31%
36%
68,800
9,300
9,200
7,600
7,000
77,900
67,900
11,000
170,700
220,900
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Real Estate Sales Agents
Managers, Other Hospitality, Retail and Service
Economists, Land and Valuers
Receptionists
Clerks, General
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services is a small employing industry
of 195,900 workers or 1.7% of national employment. Over the five
years to November 2013, employment fell (down by 3,400 or 1.7%).
Employment growth, however, is expected to recover over the next
five years, with a rise of 15,100 or 7.7%.
The industry’s workforce has a slightly higher proportion of females
than the national average, and workers are more likely to be employed
full-time. It also has a slightly older age profile than the all industries
average, with 41% of workers aged 45 years or older.
The proportion of workers who do not hold a post-school qualification
is similar to the all industries average, but a lower proportion holds a
bachelor degree or higher qualification.
Around one third of employment is in regional areas (more than
65,000 workers).
Occupation Profile
Labourers
5.6
Other
3.6
Employment Nov 2013
All industries
1,251,000
2.3%
2.0%
7.8%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
49%
57%
34%
29%
38%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
14%
24%
57%
29%
31%
36%
382,000
160,700
119,300
66,900
36,900
528,200
251,000
148,700
74,900
40,400
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Managers, Retail
Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers
Shelf Fillers
Sales Assistants, Pharmacy
Retail Trade is Australia’s second largest employing industry
with more than 1.2 million workers, or around one in ten working
Australians. It provides jobs in almost every location, with around
475,000 workers employed outside state capital cities.
Over the five years to November 2013, employment increased
by around 24,200 or 2.0%. Employment growth was driven by
Clothing, Footwear and Personal Accessory Retailing (up by 26,000)
and Pharmaceutical and Other Store-Based Retailing (24,800),
however, this was offset by declines in some other subsectors,
including Supermarket and Grocery Stores.
Retail Trade employment is projected to increase over the five years
to November 2018 (up by 7.8% or 98,200) above the all industries
average rate (7.2%).
More than half the jobs in this sector are for Sales Workers.
The workforce is young, with a relatively high concentration of workers
in the 15 to 24 year age group, and there are good opportunities for
part-time work (around half the workers are employed part-time).
More than half the industry’s workers do not hold post-school
qualifications, making it an ideal entry point to the labour market.
Occupation Profile
Retail Trade (% of industry total)
Managers
13.9%
Other
8.2%
Professionals
11.6%
Sales Workers
40.5%
This industry
Labourers
8.6%
Managers
16.8%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
5.7%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
4.2%
Clerical and
6.9%
Clerical and
20.6%
Sales Workers
53.8%
21
JOBS BY INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT, POSTAL AND
WAREHOUSING
Employment
WHOLESALE TRADE
Employment
This industry
All industries
588,300
0.3%
-1.6%
5.5%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
20%
22%
9%
49%
34%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
15%
31%
50%
29%
31%
36%
100,100
37,300
37,000
36,100
24,000
170,300
46,800
44,800
39,500
120,600
Employment Nov 2013
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Drivers, Truck
Drivers, Bus and Coach
Drivers, Automobile
Couriers and Postal Deliverers
Storepersons
Transport, Postal and Warehousing employs 588,300 Australians
and accounts for 5.1% of national employment. One in three jobs
(or about 200,000) is in a regional location.
Over the five years to November 2013, employment fell by 9,600 or
1.6%. Employment is, though, expected to rise over the five years to
November 2018 (up by 32,100 or 5.5%), but at a slower rate than the
all industries average (7.2%).
This workforce has a relatively low skill profile. Around half the workers
do not hold post-school qualifications, and few hold a bachelor
degree or higher qualification compared with the national average.
The workforce has an older profile than the all industries average, with
one of the lowest proportions of workers aged 15 to 24 years and the
second highest proportion aged 45 years or older of any industry.
A large proportion of workers are Machinery Operators and
Drivers (more than two in five), but there are also large numbers of
Clerical and Administrative Workers. Consistent with the educational
profile, Professionals comprise a relatively small share of workers in
this industry.
Occupation Profile
Transport, Postal and Warehousing (% of industry total)
Other
11.7%
Labourers
6.5%
Managers
8.3%
This industry
All industries
403,300
-7.5%
0.0%
4.9%
11,645,500
0.6%
6.5%
7.2%
17%
33%
10%
45%
29%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
19%
27%
50%
29%
31%
36%
30,300
29,500
23,600
19,400
16,800
120,600
97,800
132,800
88,200
28,200
Employment Nov 2013
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Occupations
Storepersons
Sales Representatives
Managers, Advertising and Sales
Clerks, Purchasing and Supply Logistics
Sales Representatives, Technical
Wholesale Trade is a relatively small industry, with 403,300 workers
or 3.5% of Australian employment. There was no change in the
number employed in this industry over the five years to November
2013. Employment is, though, projected to rise by 19,900 or 4.9%
over the next five years, but at a low rate compared with the average
for all industries.
The industry’s employment is concentrated in state capital cities,
but around 115,000 workers are employed in regional locations.
Most workers are males who are employed full-time.
Half the workforce does not hold post-school qualifications,
and relatively few workers are employed in skilled occupations.
More than half the workers are Clerical and Administrative Workers,
Sales Workers or Machinery Operators and Drivers. These occupation
groups are likely to provide good entry level opportunities to the labour
market. It is interesting to note, though, that Wholesale Trade has
relatively few of its workers aged 15 to 24 years compared with the
all industries average.
Occupation Profile
Wholesale Trade (% of industry total)
Other
7.2%
Managers
20.9%
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
16.1%
Professionals
7.5%
Professionals
11.7%
Sales Workers
15.7%
Clerical and
Administrative
Workers
22.2%
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
43.8%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
7.8%
Clerical and
20.6%
22
JOBS BY OCCUPATION AND QUALIFICATION
OCCUPATIONAL OVERVIEW
The previous pages examine the labour market by industry. It is also
useful to look at the occupational dimension. An occupation is a set
of jobs which involve the performance of a common set of tasks at
a similar level of skill. More detailed information about each of the
eight occupational major groups is provided on the following pages.
Which occupations have grown?
The largest occupational group in Australia is Professionals.
Around 90% of Professionals hold a post-school qualification,
and occupations in this group generally require a bachelor degree
or higher qualification. Around one in five Australian workers is
employed as a Professional.
In percentage terms, employment growth was strongest for
Community and Personal Service Workers (up by 19.5% or 187,600).
This reflects, in part, the strong growth in the Health Care and Social
Assistance industry.
Over the five years to November 2013, the largest number of new
jobs was for Professionals (308,400 or a rise of 13.5%). More than
two of every five jobs created were for Professionals.
Most new jobs have been created in occupational groups for which
post-school qualifications are commonly required. The relatively
lower skilled group of Labourers lost some jobs, and employment
growth has been low for Machinery Operators and Drivers over the
past five years.
The next two largest occupational groups each account for
around 1.7 million workers, or more than 14% of national
employment. They are
• Technicians and Trades Workers
• Clerical and Administrative Workers.
Employment Growth, 5 years to November 2013,
Occupational Group (‘000)
In terms of specific occupations, 24 of the around 350 included in
the Occupation Matrix (from page 36) employ more than 100,000
people. The largest five are
• Sales Assistants, General (528,200)
• Managers, Retail (251,000)
• Nurses, Registered (240,700)
• Clerks, General (220,900)
• Accountants (172,300).
Professionals
308.4
187.6
Managers
112.8
Sales Workers
Employment Share at November 2013, Occupational
Group (% of total)
71.6
37.5
Machinery Operators and Drivers
33.7
-0.7
Labourers
9.8%
Managers
12.9%
Labourers
-42.5
Machinery Operators
and Drivers
6.6%
-50
0
50
100 150 200 250 300 350
Sales Workers
9.4%
The five specific occupations which recorded the largest numbers
of new jobs over the five years to November 2013 were
• Clerks, General (up by 75,400)
• Sales Assistants, General (70,400)
• Nurses, Registered (57,600)
• Contract, Programme and Project Administrators (39,800)
• Carers, Aged and Disabled (36,900).
Professionals
22.2%
Clerical and
14.4%
Community and
9.9%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
14.8%
The Occupation Matrix on page 36 has detailed information
for specific occupations.
Employment by Occupational Group
Employment
Employ’t
of total
Nov 2013 workforce
Occupational Group
Managers
Professionals
Sales Workers
Labourers
All Occupations
Employment Profile
5 year
change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Female
Qualifications
Aged 45
years or
older
With a
bachelor
degree or
higher qual
Without
a postschool
qual
‘000
%
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
1,503.2
2,584.4
1,715.2
1,151.1
1,672.8
1,093.6
771.0
1,133.0
11,645.5
13
22
15
10
14
9
7
10
100
112.8
308.4
37.5
187.6
-0.7
71.6
33.7
-42.5
712.9
8.1
13.5
2.2
19.5
0.0
7.0
4.6
-3.6
6.5
13
25
14
53
35
57
15
45
30
35
53
14
69
75
62
9
34
46
50
39
33
34
43
26
48
38
39
35
73
7
16
21
11
5
7
29
31
15
60
45
30
22
28
23
31
30
10
28
34
43
61
61
63
36
15.7
32.3
10.8
19.8
8.3
8.7
3.1
1.3
100
Sources: ABS Labour Force; Department of Employment, Employment Projections; ABS Survey of Education and Work.
23
With a cert
III or higher
VET qual
Projected
share of
total
employ’t
growth
5 years to
Nov 2018
OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK
MANAGERS
Which occupational groups will have the most
new jobs?
Over the five years to November 2018, employment growth
is expected in each of the eight major occupational groups.
Some, however, will have many more job opportunities than others.
Consistent with the very strong growth expected in the Health Care
and Social Assistance industry, occupational employment growth is
projected to be the strongest for Community and Personal Service
Workers. They will contribute around one in five of all new jobs.
The largest number of new jobs, though, is expected to be for
Professionals (around one in every three).
The Australian workforce increasingly requires people who have
undertaken training after they have left school. This is consistent
with past employment growth and projections that the less skilled
occupational groups will offer relatively few new jobs over the next
five years.
• Machinery Operators and Drivers (one in 30 new jobs)
• Labourers (around one in 75 new jobs).
Share of Projected Employment Growth by Occupational
Group, Nov 2013 to Nov 2018 (% of total growth)
Machinery
Operators Labourers
and Drivers 1.3%
3.1%
Sales Workers
8.7%
Clerical and
8.3%
Community and
19.8%
Employment
This group
All occupations
Employment Nov 2013
1,503,200
8.1%
11,645,500
6.5%
13%
35%
5%
50%
39%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
35%
31%
30%
29%
31%
36%
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Manager Occupations
Managers, Retail (251,000)
Managers, Advertising and Sales (132,800)
Managers, Construction (79,700)
Farmers, Livestock (72,500)
Managers, Other Hospitality, Retail and Service (67,900)
Projected Employment Change
Above average growth
Managers plan, organise, control and coordinate the operations of
government, commercial and other organisations, and departments.
Managers represent around 13% of Australia’s workforce.
Employment growth was above average over the five years to
November 2013 (up by 8.1% or 112,800). Employment is also
expected to increase at an above average rate over the next five years.
Managers
15.7%
This is a skilled occupational group and most Managers have a
certificate III or higher qualification. Some Managers do not hold formal
qualifications but they generally have many years of experience.
Professionals
32.3%
Technicians and
Trades Workers
10.8%
Source: Department of Employment, Employment Projections
The ten occupations with the largest numbers of new jobs expected
over the five years to November 2018 are
• Carers, Aged and Disabled
• Sales Assistants, General
• Nurses, Registered
• Clerks, General
• Carers, Child
• Managers, Retail
• Accountants
• Managers, Advertising and Sales
• Electricians
• Education Aides.
Managers has the lowest share of part-time employment of any
occupational group (13%) and the highest proportion of workers
aged 45 years or older, reflecting the experience required.
Managers are widely dispersed across industries. Around 30%
of Managers are distributed across 12 industries, which each have
less than 5% of total employment. The highest share, though, is in
Retail Trade (14.0%).
Industry profile, Managers (% of occupation total)
Retail Trade
14.0%
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
11.6%
Other
41.2%
Accommodation
and Food Services
9.7%
Construction
6.7%
Professional,
Scientific and
Technical Services
7.4%
Manufacturing
9.4%
24
PROFESSIONALS
Employment
This group
All occupations
Employment Nov 2013
2,584,400
13.5%
11,645,500
6.5%
25%
53%
7%
39%
28%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Employment of Professionals is expected to continue to grow at a very
fast pace over the five years to November 2018. This occupational
group is projected to account for around one third of new jobs created
over this period. Jobs growth is expected to be particularly strong in
four subgroups (see the table at the bottom of this page).
Industry profile, Professionals (% of occupation total)
Other
23.2%
73%
15%
10%
22.1%
29%
31%
36%
Top 5 Professional Occupations
Financial and
Insurance Services
5.9%
Nurses, Registered (240,700)
Accountants (172,300)
Teachers, Primary School (152,400)
Teachers, Secondary School (129,500)
Software and Applications Programmers (89,700)
Health Care and
Social Assistance
21.5%
and Safety
7.6%
19.7%
Most Professional jobs require a bachelor degree or higher
qualification, so university study is the main pathway.
More Australians are employed as a Professional than any other
occupation (more than one in every five). Almost two thirds of
Professionals are employed in just three industries: Education
and Training, Health Care and Social Assistance and Professional,
Scientific and Technical Services.
Only a small proportion (10%) of Professionals do not have post-school
qualifications. Most Professionals (73%) hold a bachelor degree or
higher qualification (compared with 29% of all workers). In addition,
Graduate Careers Australia data show that those who complete
university degrees are highly likely to work as Professionals.
Employment growth has been very strong for Professionals. Over
the five years to November 2013, employment increased by 13.5%
or 308,400.
While jobs growth for Professionals is strong, university training is
also providing larger numbers of graduates for these jobs. In 2012,
28,900 or 17% more Australian students completed higher
education award courses than in 2007.
• In some subject areas, strong jobs growth has been accompanied
by a marked increase in the popularity of associated courses.
Particularly large numbers of new jobs were created for Medical
Practitioners and Nurses, Education Professionals (including
Teachers) and Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals.
Professionals, Employment by Occupational Subgroup
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Occupational Group
Arts and Media Professionals
Business, Finance and Human Resource Professionals
Information Professionals
Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals
Transport and Design Professionals, and Architects
Engineers
Science Professionals and Veterinarians
Education Professionals
Health Diagnostic and Therapy Professionals
Medical Practitioners and Nurses
ICT Professionals
Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals
All Professionals
Employment Profile
5 year
change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or
older
Projected Employ’t Change
5 years to Nov 2018
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
%
92.8
356.8
134.3
114.3
142.1
144.7
100.5
514.7
148.9
370.9
222.8
225.7
2,584.4
6.4
0.7
13.6
19.7
11.8
20.6
8.0
66.1
14.7
90.6
13.8
52.6
308.4
7.4
0.2
11.2
20.9
9.1
16.6
8.7
14.7
11.0
32.3
6.6
30.4
13.5
38
16
21
15
20
7
19
33
31
40
7
26
25
42
48
47
51
35
10
46
71
60
79
18
60
53
35
35
42
26
33
36
33
46
34
48
29
44
39
Strong growth
Average growth
Average growth
Strong growth
Strong growth
Strong growth
Sources: ABS Labour Force; Department of Employment, Employment Projections; ABS Survey of Education and Work; GCA Graduate Destinations Survey.
25
For more information see www.lmip.gov.au and www.employment.gov.au/skillshortages
TECHNICIANS AND TRADES WORKERS
Employment
This group
All occupations
Employment Nov 2013
1,715,200
2.2%
11,645,500
6.5%
14%
14%
19%
33%
42%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
7%
60%
28%
29%
31%
36%
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Technician and Trades Worker Occupations
Electricians (145,400)
Carpenters and Joiners (133,900)
Metal Fitters and Machinists (124,600)
Motor Mechanics (92,200)
Chefs (85,000)
Employment growth for Technicians and Trades Workers has been
below average over the last five years (2.2% compared with the
national average of 6.5%). As the table at the bottom of the page
shows, employment growth rates over this period varied considerably
between subgroups, with some recording above average growth while
others experienced declining employment.
Over the five years to November 2018, employment of Technicians
and Trades Workers is expected to rise at a similar rate to that for all
occupational groups. Higher than average employment growth is,
though, projected for Construction Trades Workers, Food Trades
Workers and Skilled Animal and Horticultural Workers.
Industry profile, Technicians and Trades Workers
(% of occupation total)
Other
28.8%
Construction
31.8%
Average growth
More than 1.7 million Australians (around 15% of the workforce)
work as Technicians and Trades Workers. They perform a variety of
skilled tasks, applying broad or in-depth technical, trade or industry
specific knowledge in construction, manufacturing, scientific,
engineering and other activities.
The Construction industry is a major employer, accounting for
almost one third of this workforce. Combined, the Manufacturing
and Other Services industries also employ a large share of
Technicians and Trades Workers (28%).
5.6%
Accommodation
and Food Services
5.8%
Manufacturing
15.2%
Other Services
12.8%
Particularly large employing occupations in this group include
Electricians, Carpenters and Joiners and Metal Fitters and
Machinists (each employing in excess of 100,000 workers).
This workforce is male dominated and most jobs are full-time (86%).
Some occupations within this group have much higher levels of
female employment, such as Hairdressers, Jewellers, Arts and
Other Trades Workers and Food Trades Workers.
Technicians and Trades Workers are highly skilled and make a
significant contribution to economic growth in Australia. The clear
majority of workers in this occupation hold a certificate III level or
higher vocational education and training qualification (60%), the
highest of the eight occupational groups. Just 28% of workers do
not hold post school qualifications. Only Professionals has a lower
share of workers without post-school qualifications.
Technicians and Trades Workers, Employment by Occupational Subgroup
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Occupational Group
Engineering, ICT & Science Technicians, Inspectors
Automotive and Engineering Trades
Construction Trades
Electrotechnology and Telecommunications Trades
Food Trades
Skilled Animal and Horticultural Workers
Hairdressers, Printing, Clothing and Wood Trades
Jewellers, Arts and Other Trades Workers
All Technicians and Trades Workers
Employment Profile
5 year
change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or
older
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
249.3
388.3
367.5
237.3
162.8
123.5
129.9
46.5
1,715.2
22.4
7.2
-11.8
14.2
8.5
14.1
-12.1
-7.0
37.5
9.9
1.9
-3.1
6.4
5.5
12.8
-8.5
-13.1
2.2
14
4
10
7
27
30
28
26
14
26
1
1
1
33
27
47
37
14
38
33
31
32
28
38
35
38
33
5 years to Nov 2018
Average growth
Declining
Average growth
Low growth
Average growth
Average growth
26
For more information see www.employment.gov.au/skillshortages
COMMUNITY AND PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
This group
All occupations
1,151,100
19.5%
11,645,500
6.5%
53%
69%
25%
34%
39%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
16%
45%
34%
29%
31%
36%
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Community and Personal Service Worker Occupations
Community and Personal Service Workers recorded the highest
growth rate of any of the eight occupational groups over the five years
to November 2013. Employment rose at three times the national rate
(up by 19.5% or 187,600). Reflecting strong demand and the ageing
population, employment of Carers and Aides surged, with more than
100,000 jobs being created, or growth of 32.6%.
Over the five years to November 2018, employment of Community
and Personal Service Workers is expected to continue to grow very
strongly. In particular, strong growth is expected in many health and
caring related occupations.
Industry profile, Community and Personal Service
Workers (% of occupation total)
Carers, Child (128,400)
Carers, Aged and Disabled (127,000)
Waiters (111,500)
Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers (97,400)
Bar Attendants and Baristas (89,900)
Other
17.0%
Health Care and
Social Assistance
38.2%
Education
and Training
11.3%
Strong growth
Community and Personal Service Workers provide a wide range of
services, including in the areas of aged and disability care, health
and social welfare, childcare, hospitality, policing, tourism and sports.
and Safety
13.8%
More than one million Australians (almost one in ten workers) are
Community and Personal Service Workers. This group is very
diverse, and includes carers, enrolled nurses, waiters and bar
attendants, security guards and police, fitness instructors, travel
attendants, sportspersons and beauty therapists.
Accommodation
and Food Services
19.7%
More than one in every three Community and Personal Service
Workers is employed in the Health Care and Social Assistance
industry, and the Accommodation and Food Services industry
is also a major employer (about one in every five).
This occupation group is female dominated (69% of workers are
female) and more than half of Community and Personal Service
Workers are employed part-time (53%). This is particularly the case
for Hospitality Workers and Carers and Aides.
On the other hand, Protective, Defence, Emergency Service
Workers (which include Police, Fire and Emergency Workers and
Security Officers and Guards) are mostly male (80%) and few work
part-time (13%).
Many of the occupations in this group require post-school education
or training. About 45% of Community and Personal Service Workers
hold vocational education and training qualifications at the certificate
III level or higher. Relatively few, though, have a bachelor degree or
higher qualification (16% compared with the all occupations average
of 29%).
Recent research undertaken into the labour market for the strong
growth occupations of Carers, Aged and Disabled and Personal Care
and Nursing Support Workers shows that employers generally require
these workers to hold a Certificate III in Aged Care or a Certificate III in
Community Services or Disability Care.
Community and Personal Service Workers, Employment by Occupational Subgroup
Employment
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Occupational Group
Health and Welfare Support Workers
Carers and Aides
Hospitality Workers
Protective, Defence, Emergency Service Workers
Sports, Travel and Personal Service Workers
All Community and Personal Service Workers
Employment Profile
5 year
change to
Nov 2013
Working
part-time
Female
Aged 45
years or
older
‘000
‘000
%
%
%
%
117.7
462.3
251.0
146.3
169.3
1,151.1
8.0
113.8
36.5
10.8
22.9
187.6
7.3
32.6
17.0
8.0
15.6
19.5
39
59
71
13
54
53
70
88
70
20
62
69
47
44
13
37
28
34
5 years to Nov 2018
Strong growth
Strong growth
Average growth
Strong growth
Strong growth
27
For more information see www.employment.gov.au/skillshortages
CLERICAL AND
ADMINISTRATIVE WORKERS
SALES WORKERS
Employment
This group
All occupations
Employment Nov 2013
1,672,800
0.0%
11,645,500
6.5%
35%
75%
12%
43%
33%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
21%
30%
43%
29%
31%
36%
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Clerical and Administrative Worker Occupations
Clerks, General (220,900)
Receptionists (170,700)
Clerks, Accounting (134,000)
Managers, Office (132,600)
Contract, Program and Project Administrators (126,900)
Low growth
This is the third largest of the eight occupation groups, with around
14% of total employment. Employment numbers did not change over
the five years to November 2013, but there is expected to be slight
growth over the next five years.
Three quarters of Clerical and Administrative Workers are females
(a higher proportion than for any other group). The workforce is
older than the all occupations average, with 43% aged 45 years
or older, and two thirds of these workers are employed in the state
capital cities.
Industry profile, Clerical and Administrative Workers
and Safety
13.0%
11,645,500
6.5%
57%
62%
41%
26%
37%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
11%
22%
61%
29%
31%
36%
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Sales Worker Occupations
Sales Assistants, General (528,200)
Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers (148,700)
Sales Representatives (97,800)
Real Estate Sales Agents (77,900)
Sales Assistants, Pharmacy (40,400)
Sales Workers sell goods, services and property, and provide sales
support in areas such as operating cash registers and displaying
and demonstrating goods. The majority of these workers do not have
post-school qualifications (61% do not hold post school qualifications).
Consequently, this group presents very good entry level opportunities.
Over the five years to November 2013, employment of Sales Workers
increased by 7.0% or 71,600, above the national average of 6.5%.
Over the next five years, though, employment is expected to increase
at a similar rate as that for all occupations.
While the clear majority of Sales Workers (61%) are employed in the
Retail Trade industry, there are around 425,000 jobs in other industries.
This group has a higher proportion of part-time employment than any
other (57%). Many Sales Workers are young (41% are aged 15 to 24
years) and relatively few are aged 45 years or older (26%).
Industry profile, Sales Workers (% of occupation total)
Other
12.0%
Manufacturing
4.5%
Wholesale Trade
6.2%
Accommodation
and Food Services
8.9%
Wholesale Trade
5.2%
Financial and
Insurance Services
10.7%
Education
and Training
5.8%
Construction
5.9%
Manufacturing
5.9%
Transport,
Postal and
Warehousing
7.8%
9.7%
28
Average growth
Rental, Hiring and
Real Estate Services
7.3%
Health Care and
Social Assistance
12.1%
Retail Trade
5.1%
All occupations
1,093,600
7.0%
Clerical and Administrative Workers provide support to businesses
by organising, storing, manipulating and retrieving information.
Many workers do not hold post school qualifications (43%).
Those who do are much more likely to have vocational education
and training qualifications than a bachelor degree or higher. Workers
in this occupation group are employed across a wide range of
industries.
Other
18.8%
This group
Employment Nov 2013
Employment
Retail Trade
61.1%
MACHINERY OPERATORS AND DRIVERS
Employment
Employment Nov 2013
This group
All occupations
771,000
4.6%
11,645,500
6.5%
15%
9%
10%
48%
45%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
5%
28%
61%
29%
31%
36%
Employment Profile
LABOURERS
Employment
This group
All occupations
Employment Nov 2013
1,133,000
-3.6%
11,645,500
6.5%
45%
34%
24%
38%
46%
30%
46%
16%
39%
37%
7%
23%
63%
29%
31%
36%
Employment Profile
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Working part-time
Female
Aged 15 to 24 years
Top 5 Machinery Operators and Driver Occupations
Top 5 Labourer Occupations
Drivers, Truck (170,300)
Storepersons (120,600)
Plant Operators, Earthmoving (58,100)
Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers (57,800)
Drivers, Forklift (54,400)
Cleaners, Commercial (156,000)
Kitchenhands (128,700)
Shelf Fillers (74,900)
Labourers, Building and Plumbing (52,100)
Packers (49,100)
Low growth
Machinery Operators and Drivers operate machines, plant,
vehicles and other equipment, move materials, transport passengers,
freight and perform other agricultural, manufacturing and
construction functions.
This is the smallest employing occupational group, with 771,000
workers or 6.6% of total employment. Employment rose by 4.6%
(or 33,700) over the five years to November 2013, below the national
average rate of 6.5%. Over the next five years, employment is
expected to grow slightly.
Few Machinery Operators and Drivers hold post-school qualifications
(39%). It is a male dominated workforce (just 9% are women) and a
high share of workers are aged 45 years or older (48%). Many
opportunities are located in regional areas (almost 350,000 jobs are
outside the state capital cities).
Around one third of these workers are employed in Transport, Postal
and Warehousing, but there are also significant numbers in
Manufacturing, Mining and Construction.
Industry profile, Machinery Operators and Drivers
Labourers perform routine tasks using hand and power tools, and
machines, often assisting more skilled workers such as Trades
Workers and Machinery Operators and Drivers.
This group employs more than one million workers and accounts for
almost 10% of national employment. Over the five years to November
2013, employment fell by 3.6% or 42,500. Over the next five years,
employment is expected to grow, but at a low rate.
Labourer jobs do not generally require post-school qualifications, but
around 250,000 Labourers hold a certificate III or higher vocational
education or training qualification.
Labourers work in a variety of industries, but the highest
concentrations are in Accommodation and Food Services and
Manufacturing. A significant share of employment is in regional
locations (46% or more than 500,000 workers are outside state capital
cities). Almost two thirds of Labourers are male and, interestingly,
part-time work is common. About 45% of these workers are employed
on this basis, well above the all occupations average.
Industry profile, Labourers (% of occupation total)
Accommodation
and Food Services
15.2%
Other
20.7%
Other
13.5%
Retail Trade
6.1%
Transport, Postal
and Warehousing
33.2%
Wholesale Trade
8.8%
Manufacturing
14.6%
Health Care and
Social Assistance
5.9%
Agriculture,
Forestry and Fishing
6.6%
Administrative and
Support Services
14.2%
Retail Trade
9.3%
Construction
10.9%
Mining
11.4%
Construction
13.5%
Manufacturing
16.1%
29
Low growth
EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT
GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES
Post-school education or training is worthwhile
University graduates do well in the
labour market
People who hold higher level qualifications generally have better
employment outcomes and higher earnings than those who have not
studied after leaving school. The chart below highlights the almost
direct relationship between higher levels of qualification and better
employment outcomes.
People who hold qualifications at the certificate III or higher level are
• less likely to be unemployed and
• more likely to participate in the labour market.
Australians who hold a bachelor degree or higher qualification have
• the lowest unemployment rate (3.3% in 2013) and
• the highest labour force participation rate.
Those who hold vocational education qualifications at the advanced
diploma/diploma or certificate III or IV level also have
• relatively low unemployment (3.8% and 4.7% respectively).
For workers who do not hold post-school qualifications
• the unemployment rates are markedly higher, particularly for those
who did not study beyond Year 10 (9.1%).
People who did not complete Year 12 also generally have lower
incomes. On average, they earn around 21% less than someone
whose highest educational attainment is an advanced diploma or
diploma, and around 42% less than a university graduate.
Employment outcomes for university graduates remain strong,
although they have weakened in recent years. Graduate Careers
Australia’s (GCA) 2013 Australian Graduate Survey shows that 71.3%
of bachelor degree and 81.3% of masters degree graduates who
were available for full-time work, had found full-time employment
within four months of completing their studies in 2012.
Employed full-time four months after graduation,
by higher education level of qualification
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
Bachelor degree graduates
Masters degree graduates
71.3%
76.1%
76.3%
76.2%
79.2%
81.3%
83.4%
83.6%
84.7%
86.1%
Source: GCA Graduate Destinations
Bachelor degree graduates in Engineering and Related Technologies
and Health generally have the best employment outcomes.
Employment Outcomes by Selected Field of Education
Bachelor Degree Graduates (% employed full-time)
The Occupation Matrix from page 36 indicates that higher skilled
jobs generally have better pay.
High level qualifications are not immediately attainable for some
people. Interestingly, however, there are pathways to these
qualifications. Findings from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian
Youth suggest that for students who would not otherwise be able
to enrol in further education or training, completing a certificate I or II
qualification can be a successful pathway to a higher qualification.
Labour Market Outcomes by Highest Level of Educational
Attainment, Working Age Population (aged 15 to 64 years)
Engineering and Related Technologies
82.6%
Health
82.3%
Management and Commerce
73.5%
Education
70.8%
Information Technology
70.3%
Architecture and Building
69.9%
Society and Culture
65.3%
Agriculture, Environmental and Related
64.4%
Natural and Physical Sciences
55.4%
Creative Arts
Unemployment Rate - LHS (%)
Participation Rate - RHS (%)
14
87.1
84.2
90
86.2
80
74.7
10
66.9
8.0
8
9.1
70
57.1
60
6.8
6
4
70.6
50
40
4.7
3.3
3.8
30
20
2
0
10
Bachelor Advanced Certificate Year 12
degree or diploma/ III or IV
higher
diploma
Source: ABS Survey of Education and Work
Year 11 Certificate Year 10
I or II
or below
0
52.3%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Source: GCA Graduate Destinations
Participation Rate (%)
Unemployment Rate (%)
100
12.9
12
0%
Specific disciplines with the strongest employment outcomes for
bachelor degree graduates at the time of the 2013 survey were
• pharmacy and medicine (97.6% and 96.9% respectively, but these
figures are influenced by registration year requirements, for which
the health sector provides places)
• mining engineering (96.0%)
• surveying (86.5%)
• electrical engineering (86.0%)
• civil engineering (85.4%).
Some disciplines, though, have relatively weak employment outcomes.
• visual/performing arts (48.3%)
• life sciences (52.4%)
• social sciences (55.7%).
Sources: ABS Survey of Education and Work; GCA Graduate Destinations Survey; GCA GradStats; ABS Education and Training Experience; NCVER Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth Paper 2546.
30
For more information see www.graduatecareers.com.au
GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES
GRADUATE SALARIES
Employment outcomes for vocational
education and training graduates are good
How much do higher education
graduates earn?
Outcomes in the vocational education and training (VET) system are
strong, although the proportion of apprentices and trainees finding
employment (full-time or part-time) has dropped slightly in recent
years, consistent with softer labour market conditions.
In 2013, Graduate Careers Australia’s (GCA) figures show the median
annual starting salary for bachelor degree graduates aged younger
than 25 years and in their first full-time job was $52,450, up
marginally from 2012. GCA’s analysis states that this was 74.3% of
the annual average male earnings ($70,548) at the time of the survey.
The National Centre for Vocational Education Research’s (NCVER)
Student Outcomes Survey for 2013 found that 78.2% of VET
graduates were employed six months after completing their
training. This figure includes people employed on a full-time
or part-time basis.
Median Starting Salaries, Bachelor Degree Graduates
($’000)
60
For apprentices or trainees, employment outcomes are very strong,
with 85.4% employed six months after graduation. Apprentices or
trainees in a trade occupation (for example, Electrician, Carpenter
or Plumber) have even stronger outcomes, with 92.3% employed.
50
Employed six months after graduation, 2009 to 2013
20
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
40
Apprentice and Trainee graduates
10
78.2%
77.8%
78.7%
77.5%
79.6%
85.4%
85.7%
86.7%
86.3%
87.4%
0
The charts below show that graduates who undertook vocational
education or training in Education; Architecture and Building;
Engineering; and Health had the strongest employment outcomes.
Employment Outcomes by Field of Education
VET graduates (% employed)
89.9%
87.5%
84.3%
84.0%
83.2%
74.9%
72.5%
61.4%
54.9%
60%
80%
100%
Source: NCVER Student Outcomes
Qualification level makes a difference
Employment outcomes do vary depending on the level of
qualification. VET graduates with a certificate IV are the most likely
to find employment, while employment outcomes are relatively low
for those with a certificate I (although this may be a pathway to a
higher qualification).
Employed six months after graduation by level of
VET qualification
All VET graduates
Apprentice and Trainee graduates
83.7%
84.8%
78.8%
58.5%
40.9%
86.5%
86.2%
86.5%
74.0%
49.3%
Diploma or higher
Certificate IV
Certificate III
Certificate II
Certificate I
40.8
43.0
45.0
52.0
52.5
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
The highest starting salaries were for
• Dentistry ($80,000)
• Optometry ($70,000)
• Engineering ($64,000)
• Earth Sciences ($60,000)
• Medicine ($60,000).
What about vocational education and training
graduates?
In 2013, NCVER data show that the average annual salary for
VET graduates working full-time after training was $56,700
(includes graduates of all ages).
The average annual income after training for VET graduates aged
20 to 24 years was $45,400, but for those aged 45 to 64 years, the
average was considerably higher, $68,300.
78.7%
78.6%
40%
40.0
50.0
Source: GCA Graduate Salaries
20%
38.0
49.0
30
All VET graduates
Education
Architecture and Building
Engineering and Related Technologies
Health
Agriculture, Environmental and Related
Management and Commerce
Society and Culture
Food, Hospitality and Personal Services
Natural and Physical Sciences
Creative Arts
Information Technology
0%
37.0
48.0
Just as graduates’ employment outcomes vary depending on
the level of qualification attained, there is a difference in graduate
salaries by qualification level for those in full-time employment
six months after completion of their training.
• Diploma or higher vocational qualification ($64,400)
• Certificate IV ($64,000)
• Certificate III ($49,100)
• Certificate II ($45,300)
• Certificate I ($44,200).
The highest average salaries for VET graduates in 2013 were for
• Education ($75,700)
• Health ($60,300)
• Engineering and Related Technologies ($59,400)
• Natural and Physical Sciences ($59,100)
• Management and Commerce ($58,300).
For those completing their VET training as part of an apprenticeship
or traineeship, the average starting salary was $48,200.
Sources: NCVER Student Outcomes; GCA GradStats; GCA Graduate Salaries.
31
For more information see www.ncver.edu.au and www.graduatecareers.com.au/research/gradjobsdollars
GRADUATE OUTCOMES FOR SELECTED FIELDS OF STUDY
Medical Science graduates
Accounting graduates
Starting salary
% in full-time employment
$50,000
77.4%
Starting salary
$50,000
55.5%
Most common destinations of employed graduates
Accountants55%
13%
9%
Auditors and Company Secretaries
Scientists, Medical Laboratory
Medical Technicians
Sales Workers
Scientists, Life
19%
13%
13%
8%
8%
Biological Science graduates
Starting salary
$46,000
46.3%
Scientists, Life
Medical Technicians
Scientists, Environmental
Sales Workers
13%
8%
7%
6%
6%
Starting salary
$52,000
82.0%
Nurses, Registered
85%
Midwives5%
2%
Nurses, Enrolled and Mothercraft
Physiotherapy graduates
Civil Engineering graduates
Starting salary
Nursing and Midwifery graduates
$62,000
85.4%
Starting salary
$56,000
97.2%
Engineers, Civil
Engineers, Other
Managers, Construction
Physiotherapists95%
63%
9%
4%
Primary and Secondary Teacher
Education graduates
Communication and Media graduates
Starting salary
$42,000
55.8%
Journalists and Other Writers
Advertising and Marketing Professionals
Public Relations Professionals
Sales Workers
19%
13%
11%
8%
6%
$57,000
66.3%
Teachers, Primary or Secondary School
83%
Social Work graduates
Starting salary
$50,000
69.9%
Law graduates
Starting salary
Starting salary
$55,000
78.5%
35%
Solicitors24%
8%
Judicial and Other Legal Professionals
Accountants4%
Welfare Support Workers
24%
21%
Social Workers
11%
Welfare, Recreation and Community Arts Workers
8%
Counsellors7%
Sources: GCA Gradstats; Graduate Careers Australia, special data order. All data refer to Australian bachelor degree graduates. Percentage in full-time employment refers to the proportion of those available
for full-time work, who are working four months after graduation. Salary data refer to median starting salary of Australian bachelor degree graduates in first full-time employment and aged less than 25.
32
For more information see www.graduatecareers.com.au
OCCUPATION PROFILES (SELECTED CASE STUDIES)
Ambulance Officers and Paramedics
(part of Community and Personal Service Workers)
• Around 12,000 Australians work as Ambulance Officers or
Paramedics and employment has increased significantly over
the last five years.
• Interestingly, a far higher proportion of these workers live in
regional areas than the average across all occupations (slightly
more than half, compared with around 38%), suggesting there
are sound opportunities outside state capital cities.
• Unemployment is low and earnings are above average, but some
newly qualified workers have difficulty getting their first job.
• The work is usually on a roster which covers seven days a week,
24 hours a day.
• Pathways to this occupation are varied. In some states, training
can be undertaken through a vocational programme while
working full-time with the ambulance service, in others, applicants
must have completed a bachelor degree in paramedics.
Bar Attendants and Baristas
• This is a large employing occupation with almost 90,000 workers.
• Jobs are available in most locations.
• Bar Attendants and Baristas are generally young, and many work
part-time (65%), with hours often being unsociable (including night
and weekend work or early starts). That said, the hours can suit
students and people managing family responsibilities.
• Turnover is high and, as a result, there are likely to be large
numbers of job openings. However, there are often lots of
applicants for advertised vacancies.
• It’s often hard to get your first job in this occupation as employers
have a preference for workers who have on-the-job experience
(even for those who have done formal training), have relevant
licences (such as Responsible Service of Alcohol) and
exceptional customer service skills.
• Unemployment is high and earnings are low.
Carers, Child
• This is a large occupation with almost 130,000 workers
and employment is rising strongly.
• Employment in formal early childhood care settings generally
requires a minimum of a Certificate III in Childcare, and often
a diploma. Opportunities also exist, though, for family daycare
workers, out of school hours carers or as nannies, which may
not require qualifications.
• The workforce has a relatively young age profile, but staff turnover
is high and there are likely to be more than 50,000 job openings
over the next five years.
• About half of Child Carers work part-time hours, and almost
all are female.
• There are good opportunities in this occupation as there
are shortages of qualified workers in many locations.
• Earnings are relatively low.
Carpenters and Joiners
(part of Technicians and Trades Workers)
• There are more than 130,000 Carpenters and Joiners
and employment is rising strongly.
• Training is usually through an apprenticeship.
• Around 80% of Carpenters and Joiners work in Construction
and 10% in Manufacturing.
• Almost all Carpenters and Joiners are male and work full-time.
• There are opportunities for self-employment in this trade, with
around one in every three Carpenters and Joiners being owner
managers, with many being sub-contractors.
• Unemployment is average and earnings are below the all
occupations average.
Drivers, Truck
(part of Machinery Operators and Drivers)
• There are more than 170,000 Truck Drivers in Australia, almost
all of whom are male.
• Entry to this occupation does not generally require post-school
qualifications (two thirds of truck drivers haven’t studied since
they left school), but they do need licences relevant to the vehicle
they drive.
• Some Truck Drivers spend a significant amount of time away
from home but for others, the work is Monday to Friday during
business hours.
• Many Truck Drivers work long hours. Around 70% work 40 hours
or more per week compared with 45% for all workers.
• Most Truck Drivers work in Transport, Postal and Warehousing,
but there are also jobs in other industries like Construction,
Manufacturing and Mining.
• There are good opportunities in regional areas with more than
half of Truck Drivers living outside state capital cities.
Engineering Professionals, Civil
(part of Professionals)
• This is the largest specialisation of engineers.
• Entry requires at least four years study at university.
• Just 8% of Civil Engineers work part-time and most
Civil Engineers are male (88%).
• Shortages of these Professionals were evident over much of the
past decade, but in 2013 the labour market eased notably and there
are now often large numbers of qualified applicants for each job.
• That said, the latest figures suggest graduates have above
average employment outcomes, unemployment of qualified
Civil Engineers is average and earnings are high.
(part of Sales Workers)
• This is the largest employing occupation and there are
opportunities in almost every location.
• The majority work in Retail Trade, but there are also opportunities
in other industries.
• This occupation provides great entry-level opportunities
as post-school qualifications are not generally required.
• Most employment is part-time (71%) and additional jobs
are generally offered over the busy Christmas period.
• Although it may be relatively easy to gain employment in this
occupation, unemployment is high, pay is relatively low and work
may involve weekends and evenings.
Sources: ABS Labour Force; Department of Employment, Employment Projections; ABS Survey of Education and Work; Department of Employment, Skill Shortage Research;
ABS Labour Mobility; ABS Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership; ABS Census; GCA GradStats.
33
For more information see www.joboutlook.gov.au and www.myfuture.edu.au
EMPLOYERS’ SKILL NEEDS
What do employers look for when recruiting?
Employers are interested in a range of skills and attributes when
they recruit. They look for candidates who not only have the
technical or job-specific skills required for their vacancies, but also
those who can interact positively with other workers and clients,
who can problem solve and are reliable.
Employers place a strong value on employability skills and often
reject applicants who are suitable in many other respects, even
those who hold relevant qualifications, if they do not have the
required employability skills.
What are employability skills?
Employability skills apply across all jobs, although particular jobs
may require some employability skills more than others. These skills
are the non-technical or generic skills considered to be essential for
people to obtain a job, stay in work, make job and career changes
and progress in the labour market. They are sometimes referred to
as core skills, life skills, soft skills, transferable skills, foundation skills
or graduate attributes. There are eight identified employability skills:
Communication includes effective listening and understanding,
being assertive and persuasive, sharing information, using networks
and being responsive in negotiations and to requests.
Team Work includes working with a wide range of people,
understanding how a role contributes as part of a team, coaching,
mentoring and giving feedback.
Problem Solving includes developing creative, innovative and
practical solutions, applying a range of strategies to solve a
problem, testing assumptions and resolving concerns.
Initiative and Enterprise includes adapting to new situations,
developing effective work practices, identifying opportunities and
translating ideas into action.
Planning and Organising includes managing time and priorities
by setting goals and timelines, coordinating tasks, being resourceful
and working systematically.
Self-Management includes having a personal vision and goals,
evaluating and monitoring one’s own performance, having clarity
and confidence and taking responsibility.
Learning includes being willing to learn, being open to new ideas
and techniques and proactive involvement in training opportunities.
Technology includes having a basic understanding of word
processing, spreadsheets, the Internet and email and an ability
to adapt to new and emerging technologies.
These skills are embedded into most post-school education and
training courses, and can also be developed while working or in
family and community settings.
While the employability skills discussed on this page focus on
employees, the CSfW is broader in its application as it also applies
to self-employment, volunteer work and training. For more
information on the CSfW, see www.industry.gov.au/csfw.
Workplace experience is valuable
One of the most difficult challenges, that even the most highly
educated person can face, is breaking into the labour market
with little or no workplace experience.
An entry-level job can provide an opportunity to gain workplace
skills and experience, which is valued by employers and which will
help for future employment. Many people gain their first job in an
industry like Retail Trade or Accommodation and Food Services
while they are still at school or studying. National Centre for
Vocational Education Research findings suggest that students
benefit from working a small number of shifts each week, but
long hours impact on academic progress.
Students may have the chance to undertake a placement to gain
workplace experience as part of their course. Those undertaking an
Australian apprenticeship or traineeship benefit from a combination
of training and employment.
Volunteering is another way to gain work experience, with a diverse
range of opportunities available to develop skills while working as
part of a team.
All job seekers registered with a Job Services Australia (JSA)
provider can take part in work experience activities at any time.
Work Experience Activities are focused on enhancing job seekers’
chances of finding employment by providing training and work-like
experiences and addressing barriers to employment. A range of
Work Experience Activities including Work for the Dole, Unpaid
Work Experience Placements and Voluntary Work are available to
job seekers to address their needs. Information on JSA and JSA
providers is available online at www.employment.gov.au/jsa.
Skill shortages
Sometimes a great deal of attention is given to occupational skill
shortages. These shortages may mean that there are currently good
opportunities for people with specialised skills or experience in these
occupations, but they do not guarantee that every job seeker will find
employment. It is also likely that the labour market will change over
coming years and shortages may not be evident in the same
occupations in the future.
There has been a marked fall in the extent of skill shortages in
Australia over the past few years in line with the softer labour
market and higher training. Employers were more successful
recruiting skilled workers in 2013 than at any time over the last
five years, and job applicants faced slightly greater competition
for available vacancies.
Employers also value a range of other attributes, including loyalty,
commitment, honesty and integrity, enthusiasm, reliability, personal
presentation, common sense, positive self-esteem, ability to deal
with pressure, motivation and adaptability.
It is better to look for training and employment in an occupation
in which you are interested and have aptitude. Research into likely
demand and labour market conditions is still a good idea, but the
existence of shortages should not be the sole or primary factor
influencing your choice.
In 2013, the Core Skills for Work Developmental Framework (CSfW)
was released. It supports the development of employability skills
by providing a common understanding of the non-technical skills
required for work and how they can be taught, learned, observed
and measured.
Good candidates will always be highly sought after by employers
regardless of labour market conditions, and candidates who do not
have the required skills and interest in their occupation are unlikely
to gain employment, even in times of shortages.
Sources: ACCI and BCA 2002 report Employability Skills for the Future; NCVER Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth Paper 2539; Department of Employment, Skill Shortage Research.
34
GUIDE TO THE OCCUPATION MATRIX
How do I use the Matrix?
After you have considered your interests and aptitudes, and have
thought about how to boost your own prospects, you may want to
look in more detail at factors which might help with your decisions
about which occupation or career to pursue.
You may also want to know whether particular occupations require
you to work outdoors, are physically demanding or do shift work,
as lifestyle factors may influence your choice. These issues are not
included in the Australian Jobs publication, but Job Guide can help
(available at www.jobguide.education.gov.au).
Titles in the Matrix are arranged in alphabetical order and some
are duplicated to make them easier to find. Similar occupations
may also be clustered together with their titles reversed, for example
Mechanical Engineer will be listed under Engineer, Mechanical.
The relevant occupation major group is listed in brackets after each
title. These refer to the groups on pages 24 to 29.
Key
Occupation
M
P
TT
CP
CA
SW
MO
L
Managers
Professionals
Sales Workers
Labourers
Employment and Employment Change
The Employment information gives the total number of people
employed in Australia in November 2013 for each occupation.
It includes both full-time and part-time workers.
Employment Change shows the change in the number employed
as well as the percentage change in employment over the five years
to November 2013.
Employment Profile – Median Age
This shows the median age in years for workers. Half the workers
are younger than this age and half are older.
Employment Profile – Median Earnings
Median weekly earnings uses five categories.
Key
Median Weekly Earnings
$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
≤ $900
$901 to $1,000
$1,001 to $1,200
$1,201 to $1,500
> $1,500
Median weekly earnings are before tax earnings for full-time
employees. The median earnings ranges are for all ages and levels
of experience, so they are only indicative and cannot be used to
determine what a worker will actually earn.
Source: ABS Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership
Future Employment Change
This presents the percentage change in employment expected over
the five years to November 2018 using five categories.
Key
Future Change, 5 years to Nov 2018





<0.0%
0.0% to 5.0%
5.1% to 8.4%
8.5% to 12.0%
≥ 12.1%
Information about employment projections is available at
www.employment.gov.au/lmip.
Source: Department of Employment, Employment Projections
Future Job Openings
Unemployment
This column presents an estimate of the number of job opportunities
likely to be available over the next five years using five categories.
The Unemployment Rate is the number of unemployed persons
as a percentage of the labour force (employed plus unemployed).
Unemployment is presented in three categories: low, average and
high. These categories are based on the occupation’s average
Unemployment Rate over 2013 relative to the average across
‘all occupations’.
An occupation may have high unemployment but also be experiencing
shortages for particular skills. Occupational Unemployment Rates do
not reflect underutilised skills (such as an Accountant working as a
Clerk, Accounting), and does not include first job seekers or those
who have not worked in the past two years.
Employment Profile – Part-time Employment Share
This shows the proportion of workers who work part-time.
The information uses the ABS definition of part-time, which is
working less than 35 hours per week.
Employment Profile – Female
Key
Job Openings, 5 years to Nov 2018















≤ 5,000
5,001 to 10,000
10,001 to 25,000
25,001 to 50,000
> 50,000
Job Openings counts both the number of new jobs expected to be
created over the five years and the number of openings likely due to
job turnover (workers leaving their occupation group for other
employment or leaving the workforce).
It is vital to note that these estimates do not provide any guidance
about the number of job seekers in each occupation. Although there
may be a large number of job openings, there may be an even larger
numbers of job seekers. Alternatively, occupations with small
numbers of job openings may offer better prospects for suitably
skilled applicants.
Source: Calculated from Department of Employment, Employment Projections
and ABS Labour Mobility
This shows the proportion of those employed in the occupation
who are female.
35
For more information see www.joboutlook.gov.au
OCCUPATION MATRIX
Employ’t
Nov 2013
OCCUPATION
Employ’t
5 year change
to Nov 2013
‘000
‘000
‘%
172.3
4.7
6.6
47.5
1.4
11.8
14.8
29.3
11.1
12.3
2.9
16.4
0.3
19.6
58.8
9.6
1.4
18.1
7.1
9.7
4.8
-2.2
0.2
8.0
-2.6
-1.8
4.7
6.6
-2.1
3.9
0.3
5.6
-0.9
3.7
2.9
-0.9
5.4
2.1
2.4
2.9
-31.7
2.5
20.3
-65.4
-13.5
46.0
29.3
-15.8
47.0
11.5
51.8
-4.3
6.7
42.1
-38.2
42.1
41.9
33.7
21.2
51.5
89.9
4.9
28.5
5.7
5.0
107.3
29.0
22.7
-4.5
-6.7
22.9
-2.4
5.7
0.5
-2.3
-30.5
-5.2
-1.5
26.5
22.0
36.2
2.9
21.7
97.4
3.7
127.0
128.4
9.7
133.9
148.7
85.0
9.2
4.1
156.0
29.8
16.2
5.7
134.0
1.3
11.3
-1.4
5.3
4.0
-0.1
1.9
28.9
-1.1
36.9
26.7
14.7
-6.3
23.1
0.5
-0.6
16.8
1.6
4.5
-3.6
17.7
-2.1
-0.8
Unemploy’t Working
Median Median
Female
2013
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
%
%
low
high
average
average
high
high
low
low
average
low
average
average
average
low
average
average
high
average
low
average
17
69
16
20
6
16
19
5
4
14
25
39
22
18
10
29
13
13
50
3
49
48
39
63
31
7
5
1
3
33
25
62
15
33
12
66
13
46
52
2
38
30
39
32
48
36
41
32
43
40
39
40
35
41
41
47
53
37
46
33
$$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$
$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$
$$$$
$
$$




























































-17.4
-11.5
34.2
-32.9
24.9
10.1
-31.3
-22.1
-15.2
-6.2
high
average
high
average
average
high
high
low
high
average
23
29
65
6
50
31
13
71
9
10
39
73
59
35
99
12
3
91
0
4
32
36
24
47
33
45
41
47
42
33
$
$$
$
$$$$$
$
$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$





































-5.0
32.0
12.4
-3.7
9.4
42.3
-23.4
41.0
26.2
12.3
-4.1
37.3
5.6
-12.2
12.1
5.8
38.6
-38.4
15.2
-60.7
-7.0
low
high
high
low
high
low
high
average
average
average
average
average
average
average
low
high
average
low
high
low
low
low
4
75
31
12
35
58
37
64
48
46
9
84
23
22
37
62
82
41
24
35
58
27
1
86
60
6
11
81
68
82
95
17
0
72
30
49
41
59
82
12
52
82
70
75
36
27
30
56
33
43
40
48
32
57
32
21
34
39
36
47
47
40
33
42
52
40
$$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$$
$
$
$$$
$$
$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$
$
$$$
$$
$$
$
$$$


























































































A
Accountants (P)
Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers (P)
Actuaries, Mathematicians and Statisticians (P)
Advertising and Marketing Professionals (P)
Agricultural Technicians (TT)
Agricultural, Forestry and Horticultural Operators (MO)
Air Transport Professionals (P)
Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics (TT)
Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (TT)
Ambulance Officers and Paramedics (CP)
Anaesthetists (P)
Animal Attendants and Trainers (TT)
Aquaculture Workers (L)
Architects and Landscape Architects (P)
Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians (TT)
Archivists, Curators and Records Managers (P)
Auctioneers, and Stock and Station Agents (SW)
Auditors and Company Secretaries (P)
Authors, and Book and Script Editors (P)
Automotive Electricians (TT)
B
Bakers and Pastrycooks (TT)
Bank Workers (CA)
Bar Attendants and Baristas (CP)
Barristers (P)
Beauty Therapists (CP)
Binders, Finishers and Screen Printers (TT)
Boat Builders and Shipwrights (TT)
Bookkeepers (CA)
Bricklayers and Stonemasons (TT)
Butchers and Smallgoods Makers (TT)
C
Cabinetmakers (TT)
Cafe Workers (CP)
Call or Contact Centre Workers (CA)
Canvas and Leather Goods Makers (TT)
Car Detailers (L)
Care Workers, Nursing Support and Personal (CP)
Care Workers, Special (CP)
Carers, Aged and Disabled (CP)
Carers, Child (CP)
Caretakers (L)
Carpenters and Joiners (TT)
Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers (SW)
Chefs (TT)
Chemists, and Food and Wine Scientists (P)
Chiropractors and Osteopaths (P)
Cleaners, Commercial (L)
Cleaners, Domestic (L)
Cleaners, Other (L)
Clerical and Office Support Workers, Other (CA)
Clerks, Accounting (CA)
Clerks, Betting (CA)
Clerks, Court and Legal (CA)
For the key to symbols see page 35
36
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employ’t
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Median Median
Female
2013
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Clerks, Filing and Registry (CA)
Clerks, General (CA)
Clerks, Human Resource (CA)
Clerks, Inquiry (CA)
Clerks, Insurance, Money Market and Statistical (CA)
Clerks, Payroll (CA)
Clerks, Purchasing and Supply Logistics (CA)
Clerks, Transport and Despatch (CA)
Clothing Trades Workers (TT)
Commissioned Officers, Management (M)
Complementary Health Therapists (P)
Computer Network Professionals (P)
Concreters (L)
Conference and Event Organisers (M)
Contract, Programme and Project Administrators (CA)
Cooks (TT)
Counsellors (P)
Couriers and Postal Deliverers (CA)
Crane, Hoist and Lift Operators (MO)
Credit and Loans Officers (CA)
18.6
220.9
10.2
67.8
28.8
35.8
88.2
29.8
7.0
2.4
5.4
21.9
32.6
22.7
126.9
34.0
21.7
39.5
16.8
27.3
-7.6
75.4
-1.3
-3.5
0.5
-4.6
1.6
-3.8
-1.9
-2.8
-2.3
-5.4
3.0
39.8
-8.6
2.8
-17.2
3.1
-0.9
-29.0
51.8
-11.2
-4.9
1.7
-11.4
1.8
-11.3
-21.1
-34.6
-9.3
-14.1
15.4
45.7
-20.2
14.6
-30.4
22.8
-3.2
average
average
low
average
low
low
low
average
average
high
low
average
high
average
low
average
average
average
average
low
49
38
24
27
20
35
12
8
40
51
6
11
24
15
46
44
21
5
14
81
84
72
70
67
88
42
32
84
14
69
9
1
76
54
55
69
13
4
62
42
42
39
38
35
42
40
41
54
46
48
37
34
31
41
35
46
48
46
38
$$$
$$
$$$$
$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$
$$$$
$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$$
$
$$$
$$
$$$$$
$$$















































































4.7
10.6
6.5
24.0
9.1
15.0
6.5
12.1
11.5
5.5
57.8
44.8
46.8
43.4
54.4
16.5
170.3
6.3
-2.2
-1.1
-1.1
6.0
3.9
1.8
3.6
4.7
4.6
-0.3
17.3
3.9
15.8
7.2
-4.8
3.8
-6.8
2.4
-31.7
-9.5
-14.7
33.2
74.2
13.7
122.1
64.1
67.3
-4.7
42.8
9.6
50.8
20.0
-8.1
30.2
-3.8
63.4
high
average
high
average
low
low
average
average
high
low
average
low
low
high
high
average
average
low
69
36
15
47
42
40
54
27
26
47
1
31
35
40
10
3
9
46
48
64
5
98
64
32
95
26
32
80
6
4
14
12
3
7
4
24
30
28
41
31
44
42
32
37
38
53
37
47
55
42
39
46
46
52
$$$
$$$
$$$$
$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$
$$$
$
$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$


























































6.4
11.0
11.9
82.0
8.3
145.4
32.0
28.5
12.8
10.1
5.1
7.2
23.7
1.1
47.8
22.0
9.0
6.2
-1.1
1.7
18.2
-2.9
11.0
-4.1
7.9
2.6
-0.5
-4.1
0.3
-8.1
11.5
4.2
2.0
-1.1
-9.4
17.0
28.5
-25.7
8.2
-11.4
38.0
26.0
-4.8
-44.8
4.5
-25.4
31.7
23.6
28.6
-15.1
average
low
low
low
low
low
average
high
low
low
low
average
average
low
average
low
average
average
9
14
36
76
5
6
15
4
7
3
13
11
3
8
8
5
5
5
34
13
71
91
1
1
4
10
8
5
15
7
2
20
12
7
10
30
39
43
45
46
38
33
40
44
35
46
37
39
42
38
37
38
44
36
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$
$$$$
$$$$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
























































D
Dancers, Actors and Other Entertainers (P)
Debt Collectors (CA)
Deck and Fishing Hands (L)
Dental Assistants (CP)
Dental Hygienists, Technicians and Therapists (CP)
Dental Practitioners (P)
Dietitians (P)
Directors, Artistic, and Media Producers and Presenters (P)
Directors, Film, Television, Radio and Stage (P)
Diversional Therapists (CP)
Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers (MO)
Drivers, Automobile (MO)
Drivers, Bus and Coach (MO)
Drivers, Delivery (MO)
Drivers, Forklift (MO)
Drivers, Train and Tram (MO)
Drivers, Truck (MO)
Driving Instructors (CP)
E
Economists (P)
Economists, Land and Valuers (P)
Education Advisers and Reviewers (P)
Education Aides (CP)
Electrical Distribution Trades Workers (TT)
Electricians (TT)
Electronics Trades Workers (TT)
Engineering and Building Technicians, Other (TT)
Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Civil (TT)
Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Electrical (TT)
Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Electronic (TT)
Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians, Mechanical (TT)
Engineering Production Systems Workers (MO)
Engineers, Chemical and Materials (P)
Engineers, Civil (P)
Engineers, Electrical (P)
Engineers, Electronics (P)
Engineers, ICT Support and Test (P)
37
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employ’t
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Median Median
Female
2013
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Engineers, Industrial, Mechanical and Production (P)
Engineers, Mining (P)
Engineers, Other (P)
Engineers, Telecommunications (P)
Environmental and Occupational Health Professionals (P)
Event and Conference Organisers (M)
35.0
11.0
8.7
9.5
26.1
22.7
2.0
3.8
-1.9
-1.4
-0.3
3.0
6.2
52.0
-17.9
-13.2
-1.0
15.4
average
average
low
average
average
average
7
6
8
10
14
24
6
8
19
19
38
76
39
37
37
37
42
31
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$


















8.0
27.1
3.2
23.7
32.2
2.9
10.0
1.7
48.2
72.5
26.5
7.3
33.7
6.3
24.7
13.9
39.5
17.2
27.6
9.5
4.7
5.9
2.2
16.6
3.2
-1.7
1.3
1.2
-4.8
-1.8
-0.3
0.2
-0.8
-1.9
-40.5
-6.9
-1.6
-4.8
-4.4
4.3
-16.1
-8.7
2.9
7.5
-4.7
-0.6
-0.3
-1.9
-0.6
-1.2
-17.5
5.0
56.3
-16.9
-5.4
-8.3
2.0
-31.6
-3.7
-35.8
-20.7
-18.4
-12.5
-41.0
21.0
-53.7
-18.1
20.0
37.0
-33.2
-10.6
-5.2
-46.5
-3.4
-27.3
high
high
high
high
high
average
low
low
low
low
low
low
high
average
low
average
low
low
low
average
average
high
high
average
low
17
20
22
39
38
23
14
41
21
24
11
21
82
21
16
12
14
2
64
18
54
51
30
26
33
21
27
27
28
39
18
19
12
19
29
16
68
31
4
32
22
32
8
55
1
92
53
27
6
44
41
41
39
40
34
37
43
50
49
57
55
36
18
41
44
37
40
42
32
38
38
37
50
35
53
$$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$$
$
$$$
$
$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$
$$$
–
$$
$$
$$
$$$













































































6.2
9.8
69.1
13.7
9.6
56.6
2.2
16.2
4.6
0.3
-0.3
-0.2
13.4
4.6
-1.7
11.6
-1.5
-0.5
-0.7
-
-4.2
-1.6
24.0
49.8
-14.9
25.9
-40.9
-3.2
-13.8
-
high
low
average
average
average
average
high
average
low
low
41
33
26
14
6
25
11
21
51
33
81
35
10
22
2
44
32
2
52
42
46
33
39
37
36
33
42
43
47
36
$
$$
$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$
$
$
$$$





























55.9
41.7
6.5
22.9
8.1
24.2
61.7
-1.9
-0.9
2.1
7.8
-0.3
-3.3
6.7
-3.3
-2.1
47.6
52.1
-3.9
-12.1
12.3
average
average
low
low
high
high
low
43
39
30
9
22
71
16
86
4
71
36
65
86
67
31
51
47
45
34
44
36
$
$$
$$$
$
$$
$
$$$$



























27.7
15.7
41.4
6.2
55.3
2.7
4.7
1.1
1.6
-1.1
6.4
-1.5
20.3
7.3
3.9
-15.1
13.2
-35.0
average
average
average
average
high
average
6
5
8
5
10
18
26
30
25
30
23
31
39
39
38
36
35
45
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$$





















F
Factory Process Workers, Other (L)
Factory Workers, Food and Drink (L)
Factory Workers, Plastics and Rubber (L)
Farm Workers, Crop (L)
Farm Workers, Livestock (L)
Farm Workers, Mixed Crop and Livestock (L)
Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers, Other (L)
Farmers, Aquaculture (M)
Farmers, Crop (M)
Farmers, Livestock (M)
Farmers, Mixed Crop and Livestock (M)
Fashion, Industrial and Jewellery Designers (P)
Fast Food Cooks (L)
Fencers (L)
Financial Brokers (P)
Financial Dealers (P)
Financial Investment Advisers and Managers (P)
Fire and Emergency Workers (CP)
Fitness Instructors (CP)
Floor Finishers (TT)
Florists (TT)
Food Trades Assistants (L)
Forestry and Logging Workers (L)
Freight and Furniture Handlers (L)
Funeral Workers (CP)
G
Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians (TT)
Gaming Workers (CP)
Gardeners (TT)
Geologists and Geophysicists (P)
Glaziers (TT)
Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators (P)
Graphic Pre-Press Trades Workers (TT)
Greenkeepers (TT)
Guides, Gallery, Museum and Tour (CP)
Guides, Outdoor Adventure (CP)
H
Hairdressers (TT)
Handypersons (L)
Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals, Other (P)
Hotel and Motel Managers (M)
Hotel Service Managers (CP)
Housekeepers (L)
Human Resource Professionals (P)
I
ICT Business and Systems Analysts (P)
ICT Sales Professionals (P)
ICT Security, Database and Systems Administrators (P)
ICT Support and Test Engineers (P)
ICT Support Technicians (TT)
ICT Trainers (P)
38
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employ’t
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Median Median
Female
2013
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers (M)
Indigenous Health Workers (CP)
Industrial Spraypainters (MO)
Information and Organisation Professionals, Other (P)
Inspectors and Regulatory Officers (CA)
Insulation and Home Improvement Installers (L)
Insurance Agents (SW)
Insurance Investigators and Loss Adjusters (CA)
Intelligence and Policy Analysts (P)
Interior Designers (P)
Internal Medicine Specialists (P)
21.9
2.5
7.5
17.5
35.2
17.4
13.7
11.0
15.0
4.9
7.0
4.4
2.5
1.3
0.3
0.4
4.1
4.9
2.4
-4.7
0.1
25.4
49.4
8.0
0.7
2.1
43.6
79.5
19.1
-48.6
1.7
low
low
high
average
low
high
low
low
low
low
low
22
9
3
24
13
17
20
7
18
32
8
25
38
3
48
41
2
56
28
60
74
36
49
46
40
38
44
37
39
45
40
43
43
$$$
$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$$


































2.1
22.5
-1.2
0.6
-35.4
2.9
low
low
19
25
39
47
44
39
$$$$
$$$$






68.8
128.7
-29.7
14.8
-30.2
13.0
average
high
45
78
83
57
41
25
$$
$
52.1
35.1
8.6
9.1
13.7
2.9
10.3
11.3
7.7
-3.3
8.9
0.2
-0.9
-2.7
-0.1
1.5
-3.3
0.7
-6.0
33.9
1.9
-8.6
-16.5
-3.7
16.9
-22.5
9.2
high
high
high
high
high
low
high
low
average
17
36
15
5
39
12
29
45
76
3
12
6
1
78
6
89
85
85
32
42
32
35
49
56
35
49
48
3.4
14.0
7.9
9.1
1.4
17.9
59.1
132.8
11.3
63.1
40.5
4.9
14.7
79.7
8.5
21.7
47.5
61.0
19.2
22.9
8.1
46.1
45.8
4.6
132.6
7.7
13.6
67.9
48.1
23.2
0.1
-1.8
-0.2
-1.5
-1.9
3.4
9.2
11.8
3.8
0.8
-2.4
-0.2
2.9
8.8
-20.3
6.3
1.8
20.1
7.1
7.8
-0.3
0.3
11.2
-0.5
0.0
-0.2
5.1
8.7
15.9
7.4
3.9
-11.7
-2.7
-13.7
-56.8
23.6
18.5
9.7
50.5
1.2
-5.5
-4.8
25.0
12.4
-70.5
40.7
3.9
49.2
58.9
52.1
-3.9
0.7
32.5
-10.1
0.0
-2.7
59.6
14.7
49.6
46.9
average
average
low
high
average
average
average
low
low
average
low
low
low
average
low
low
low
low
low
low
high
low
high
high
low
low
low
low
low
low
8
23
10
5
8
30
18
8
24
19
10
11
27
9
16
6
12
8
14
9
22
10
4
10
32
46
5
12
9
10
3
37
4
13
37
43
41
33
46
50
42
41
95
6
50
7
44
28
72
36
65
60
21
36
83
67
51
36
35
48
47
45
47
42
45
46
41
41
39
42
39
55
38
43
46
44
44
46
49
45
34
41
41
35
45
54
50
44
43
45
J
Jewellers (TT)
Journalists and Other Writers (P)
K
Keyboard Operators (CA)
Kitchenhands (L)












$$
$
$$$$$
$$$
$
$$
$$
$$$
$





























$$
$$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$














































































































L
Labourers, Building and Plumbing (L)
Labourers, Garden and Nursery (L)
Labourers, Other Construction and Mining (L)
Labourers, Paving and Surfacing (L)
Laundry Workers (L)
Leather and Canvas Goods Makers (TT)
Legal Executives and Conveyancers (CA)
Librarians (P)
Library Assistants (CA)
M
Machine Operators, Clay, Concrete, Glass and Stone (MO)
Machine Operators, Other (MO)
Machine Operators, Paper and Wood Processing (MO)
Machine Operators, Plastics and Rubber Production (MO)
Machine Operators, Textile and Footwear Production (MO)
Mail Sorters (CA)
Management and Organisation Analysts (P)
Managers, Advertising and Sales (M)
Managers, Amusement, Fitness and Sports Centre (M)
Managers, Cafe and Restaurant (M)
Managers, Call, Contact Centre and Customer Service (M)
Managers, Caravan Park and Camping Ground (M)
Managers, Child Care Centre (M)
Managers, Construction (M)
Managers, Corporate Services (M)
Managers, Engineering (M)
Managers, Finance (M)
Managers, General (M)
Managers, Health and Welfare Services (M)
Managers, Hotel and Motel (M)
Managers, Hotel Service (CP)
Managers, Human Resource (M)
Managers, ICT (M)
Managers, Licensed Club (M)
Managers, Office (CA)
Managers, Other Accommodation and Hospitality (M)
Managers, Other Education (M)
Managers, Other Hospitality, Retail and Service (M)
Managers, Other Specialist (M)
Managers, Policy and Planning (M)
39
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employ’t
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Median Median
Female
2013
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Managers, Practice (CA)
Managers, Production (M)
Managers, Research and Development (M)
Managers, Retail (M)
Managers, Supply and Distribution (M)
Managers, Transport Services (M)
Managing Directors and Chief Executives (M)
Manufacturers (M)
Marine Transport Professionals (P)
Massage Therapists (CP)
Mathematicians, Statisticians and Actuaries (P)
Meat Boners and Slicers, and Slaughterers (L)
Media Producers and Presenters, and Artistic Directors (P)
Medical Imaging Professionals (P)
Medical Practitioner, General (P)
Medical Practitioner, Other (P)
Medical Technicians (TT)
Metal Casting, Forging and Finishing Trades Workers (TT)
Metal Fitters and Machinists (TT)
Metal Trades Workers, Precision (TT)
Midwives (P)
Miners, Drillers and Shot Firers (MO)
Ministers of Religion (P)
Models and Sales Demonstrators (SW)
Motor Mechanics (TT)
Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters (L)
Multimedia Specialists and Web Developers (P)
Music Professionals (P)
18.6
54.3
11.2
251.0
23.7
17.0
60.1
21.0
10.5
11.6
6.6
8.5
12.1
15.4
54.7
13.3
32.7
3.3
124.6
8.7
16.0
57.8
23.5
8.6
92.2
13.4
11.4
11.8
6.0
-1.0
-0.8
29.0
-2.2
-0.7
17.1
-1.0
1.1
0.2
0.2
-3.7
4.7
2.8
15.6
6.3
12.7
-0.7
18.7
-0.2
0.5
17.3
7.4
-3.2
-16.0
1.5
-0.7
-4.5
48.1
-1.8
-6.7
13.0
-8.4
-3.8
39.7
-4.7
11.9
2.2
2.5
-30.2
64.1
22.1
39.8
89.9
64.0
-18.4
17.6
-2.4
3.3
42.8
46.0
-27.3
-14.8
12.4
-5.6
-27.5
low
low
average
low
low
average
low
low
low
average
average
average
average
low
low
low
low
average
low
low
low
average
low
average
low
high
average
low
37
3
13
14
5
14
11
13
7
61
16
7
27
23
20
17
42
21
3
8
53
1
21
76
5
5
13
58
87
13
40
47
21
15
15
18
3
70
39
4
26
62
43
54
77
7
1
5
100
6
30
80
1
1
19
28
48
44
44
41
44
47
51
49
45
37
39
32
37
35
43
44
41
52
37
39
47
37
47
43
35
32
32
39
$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$$
$
$$$$$
$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$
$
$$$$
$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$
$$$
$$
$
$$$
$$































































































9.0
15.4
5.3
22.0
240.7
97.4
3.4
1.8
-1.3
-8.7
57.6
28.9
60.3
13.5
-20.1
-28.3
31.4
42.3
low
low
low
low
low
low
26
20
27
52
48
58
91
88
34
91
90
81
50
49
42
45
43
43
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$$$
$






















12.5
4.4
2.3
-2.3
22.4
-34.4
low
low
37
23
89
56
31
31
$$$$
$$$$





49.1
45.4
22.9
7.9
54.0
97.4
4.8
11.2
21.2
13.1
0.9
18.1
11.0
8.9
58.1
10.0
28.3
34.5
79.7
-28.8
-7.8
6.9
-5.6
0.0
28.9
1.1
1.5
-0.1
0.7
-2.2
0.3
-0.3
-2.2
9.6
1.4
6.7
-1.5
1.9
-36.9
-14.6
43.1
-41.6
0.1
42.3
28.8
15.3
-0.3
6.1
-70.2
1.6
-2.2
-19.6
19.7
16.0
30.7
-4.2
2.4
high
high
high
average
average
low
average
low
low
low
low
low
low
high
average
average
average
high
low
37
15
9
45
22
58
56
57
27
40
48
35
19
1
8
16
5
11
7
55
2
1
35
98
81
78
63
64
49
50
60
44
2
2
4
7
1
0
38
39
37
33
40
43
49
35
35
35
28
35
39
45
43
40
44
37
34
$
$$$
$$
$$$$
$$$
$
$
$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$





































































N
Nurse Educators and Researchers (P)
Nurse Managers (P)
Nurserypersons (TT)
Nurses, Enrolled and Mothercraft (CP)
Nurses, Registered (P)
Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers (CP)
O
Occupational Therapists (P)
Optometrists and Orthoptists (P)
P
Packers (L)
Painting Trades Workers (TT)
Panelbeaters (TT)
Performing Arts Technicians (TT)
Personal Assistants (CA)
Personal Care and Nursing Support Workers (CP)
Personal Care Consultants (CP)
Personal Service Workers, Other (CP)
Pharmacists (P)
Photographers (P)
Photographic Developers and Printers (MO)
Physiotherapists (P)
Planners, Urban and Regional (P)
Plant Operators, Chemical, Gas, Petroleum and Power (TT)
Plant Operators, Earthmoving (MO)
Plant Operators, Other Mobile (MO)
Plant Operators, Other Stationary (MO)
Plasterers (TT)
Plumbers (TT)
40
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employ’t
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Median Median
Female
2013
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Podiatrists (P)
Police (CP)
Policy and Intelligence Analysts (P)
Postal Deliverers and Couriers (CA)
Primary Products Inspectors (TT)
Printers (TT)
Printers and Photographic Developers (MO)
Printing Assistants and Table Workers (L)
Prison Officers (CP)
Process Workers, Meat, Poultry and Seafood (L)
Process Workers, Metal Engineering (L)
Process Workers, Timber and Wood (L)
Product Assemblers (L)
Product Quality Controllers (L)
Psychiatrists (P)
Psychologists (P)
Public Relations Professionals (P)
5.6
56.4
15.0
39.5
1.7
16.9
0.9
4.6
17.2
13.0
14.3
6.1
27.4
13.2
2.7
23.9
20.7
-9.7
2.4
-17.2
-2.3
0.4
-2.2
-3.3
-2.9
-1.8
-0.9
-10.8
-1.6
-1.6
7.1
-14.6
19.1
-30.4
-56.8
2.3
-70.2
-41.9
-18.2
-11.1
-13.4
-28.3
-10.5
-6.2
52.6
low
low
low
average
average
average
low
high
low
average
high
high
high
high
low
low
low
22
6
18
21
16
13
48
28
3
19
8
10
15
13
25
32
25
49
27
60
13
31
15
50
42
23
29
6
12
25
45
37
81
73
31
38
40
48
39
46
28
43
45
37
40
35
41
42
45
41
33
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$
$$
$$
$$$$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$




















































6.1
77.9
170.7
2.6
5.4
32.9
-1.7
2.9
0.9
0.5
-0.4
-22.0
3.9
0.5
10.5
-1.1
high
low
high
high
average
low
9
15
51
23
5
28
2
47
94
8
63
58
40
42
39
46
36
32
$$$$$
$$$
$
$$$
$$$$
$$























7.8
14.6
528.2
16.7
40.4
15.7
97.8
28.2
35.7
5.1
13.4
19.7
6.8
17.7
11.2
24.4
9.2
8.2
15.6
5.7
64.7
56.3
12.5
11.9
5.4
9.0
74.9
7.9
14.0
32.3
89.7
76.6
10.3
2.1
1.8
70.4
-5.4
6.7
1.1
0.9
1.9
5.7
-3.5
-2.3
2.8
-0.4
-1.2
4.9
7.8
0.5
-0.2
-6.5
0.5
-32.3
6.8
4.7
-2.8
-0.2
3.2
-16.8
-0.6
4.7
14.7
8.9
29.3
-
37.1
14.5
15.4
-24.4
20.0
7.3
0.9
7.3
19.2
-41.1
-14.5
16.5
-4.9
-6.2
76.2
47.2
5.6
-2.8
-29.4
10.1
-33.3
13.8
61.1
-19.0
-4.3
54.7
-18.3
-7.2
49.7
82.9
11.0
62.0
-
low
low
high
high
low
average
average
average
low
high
average
low
average
high
low
average
average
low
low
high
low
average
high
low
low
high
average
average
high
low
low
low
low
19
37
71
34
68
5
12
7
14
49
48
1
18
20
13
16
22
15
27
31
51
27
64
27
9
3
78
10
56
29
8
13
40
26
37
70
43
93
30
35
30
13
56
74
53
30
54
27
43
49
43
69
12
96
16
46
85
1
1
39
7
61
81
15
50
93
48
42
24
25
24
39
40
41
38
37
31
52
32
40
42
37
39
36
37
45
46
41
31
51
46
37
24
39
46
43
37
39
34
$$$$
$
$
$$
$
$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$
$$
$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$
$$
$$$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$$
$$$





















































































































R
Railway Track Workers (L)
Real Estate Sales Agents (SW)
Receptionists (CA)
Recycling and Rubbish Collectors (L)
Retail and Wool Buyers (SW)
Retail Supervisors (SW)
S
Safety Inspectors (TT)
Sales Assistants and Salespersons, Other (SW)
Sales Assistants, General (SW)
Sales Assistants, ICT (SW)
Sales Assistants, Pharmacy (SW)
Sales Professionals, ICT (P)
Sales Representatives (SW)
Sales Representatives, Technical (P)
Salespersons, Motor Vehicle and Vehicle Parts (SW)
Salespersons, Street Vendors and Related (SW)
Salespersons, Ticket (SW)
School Principals (M)
Science Professionals, Other Natural and Physical (P)
Science Technicians (TT)
Scientists, Agricultural and Forestry (P)
Scientists, Environmental (P)
Scientists, Food and Wine, and Chemists (P)
Scientists, Life (P)
Scientists, Medical Laboratory (P)
Screen Printers, Binders and Finishers (TT)
Secretaries (CA)
Security Officers and Guards (CP)
Service Station Attendants (SW)
Sewing Machinists (MO)
Shearers (TT)
Sheetmetal Trades Workers (TT)
Shelf Fillers (L)
Signwriters (TT)
Social Professionals (P)
Social Workers (P)
Software and Applications Programmers (P)
Solicitors (P)
Speech Pathologists and Audiologists (P)
41
Employ’t
Nov 2013
Employ’t
5 year change
to Nov 2013
Median Median
Female
2013
Part-time
Age
Earnings
Future
Employ't
Change
Future
Job
Openings
OCCUPATION
‘000
‘000
‘%
%
%
Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials (CP)
Sportspersons (CP)
Storepersons (MO)
Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers (TT)
Structural Steel Construction Workers (L)
Surgeons (P)
Survey Interviewers (CA)
Surveyors and Cartographers (P)
Switchboard Operators (CA)
41.8
9.0
120.6
84.8
20.8
7.0
4.3
17.5
3.6
12.7
-1.9
3.7
1.1
-3.4
1.6
-0.2
3.2
-3.2
43.5
-17.7
3.2
1.3
-14.0
30.0
-4.0
22.7
-47.0
average
average
high
average
high
low
high
low
high
70
62
22
4
4
13
87
5
51
47
22
18
1
1
18
65
18
87
25
21
37
35
33
45
32
40
37
$
$$$
$
$$$
$$$$$
$$$$$
$$
$$$$
$
































26.2
1.2
152.4
129.5
14.0
41.1
4.6
12.8
10.1
5.1
7.2
1.4
58.8
55.3
32.7
28.5
17.7
2.4
19.1
11.5
6.3
17.1
5.4
23.0
2.7
22.3
11.4
39.4
9.8
8.8
-1.6
0.7
-0.8
0.2
2.6
-0.5
-4.1
0.3
-2.6
3.7
6.4
12.7
7.9
-1.2
-1.8
2.6
-1.7
-0.2
-7.6
-1.0
-4.9
-1.5
-3.2
-0.1
8.2
59.5
6.1
-1.2
5.3
-2.0
4.8
26.0
-4.8
-44.8
4.5
-65.4
6.7
13.2
64.0
38.0
-6.2
-43.0
15.5
-12.6
-3.1
-30.7
-15.5
-17.6
-35.0
-12.7
-1.1
26.2
average
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
average
high
average
high
low
high
high
low
average
high
high
average
low
average
average
low
low
average
40
30
29
20
45
40
55
7
3
13
11
6
10
10
42
4
20
2
11
45
19
11
10
26
18
19
46
81
98
75
83
61
85
54
80
8
5
15
7
31
12
23
77
10
54
10
2
62
2
1
3
83
31
53
73
70
40
44
42
43
45
50
53
35
46
37
39
48
41
35
41
44
40
46
42
28
33
35
49
36
45
43
32
35
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$
$$$$
$$$
$
$$$$$
$$$
$$$$
$$$$
$$
$$$
$
$$
$
$$$$$
$$$$
$$$
$$$$






























































































49.3
4.8
12.9
-0.1
35.4
-2.0
low
low
30
16
49
8
47
45
$$$$$
$






11.0
4.2
10.9
4.4
7.3
10.0
6.8
7.3
-1.1
-2.0
-4.5
-1.1
-0.3
1.4
-0.7
-2.3
-9.4
-32.2
-29.2
-20.3
-3.5
15.9
-9.2
-24.0
low
high
average
low
low
low
low
low
14
6
2
62
28
56
43
55
13
3
1
52
64
97
58
90
43
41
33
38
36
25
50
40
$$$$$
$$
$
$
$$$$
$
$$$$
$$



















111.5
11.4
84.8
55.9
17.8
5.6
8.3
-0.7
1.1
8.5
-2.9
-0.3
8.1
-5.6
1.3
17.8
-14.1
-5.6
high
average
average
average
low
low
80
13
4
35
33
41
79
19
1
71
71
11
22
32
35
43
43
50
$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$























T
Teachers, Early Childhood (Pre-primary School) (P)
Teachers, Middle School (P)
Teachers, Primary School (P)
Teachers, Secondary School (P)
Teachers, Special Education (P)
Teachers, Vocational Education (P)
Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (P)
Technicians and Draftspersons, Civil Engineering (TT)
Technicians and Draftspersons, Electrical Engineering (TT)
Technicians and Draftspersons, Electronic Engineering (TT)
Technicians and Draftspersons, Mechanical Engineering (TT)
Technicians, Agricultural (TT)
Technicians, Architectural, Building and Surveying (TT)
Technicians, ICT Support (TT)
Technicians, Medical (TT)
Technicians, Other Building and Engineering (TT)
Technicians, Science (TT)
Telecommunications Technical Specialists (TT)
Telecommunications Trades Workers (TT)
Telemarketers (SW)
Tilers, Roof (TT)
Tilers, Wall and Floor (TT)
Toolmakers and Engineering Patternmakers (TT)
Tourism and Travel Advisers (CP)
Trainers, ICT (P)
Training and Development Professionals (P)
Travel Attendants (CP)
Tutors and Teachers, Private (P)
U
University Lecturers and Tutors (P)
Upholsterers (TT)
V
Valuers and Land Economists (P)
Vehicle Body Builders and Trimmers (TT)
Vehicle Painters (TT)
Vending Machine Attendants (L)
Veterinarians (P)
Veterinary Nurses (TT)
Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals (P)
Visual Merchandisers (SW)
W
Waiters (CP)
Web Developers and Multimedia Specialists (P)
Welding Trades and Structural Steel Workers (TT)
Welfare Support Workers (CP)
Welfare, Recreation and Community Arts Workers (P)
Wood Machinists and Other Wood Trades Workers (TT)
42
DATA SOURCES
USEFUL LINKS
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) www.abs.gov.au
Help if you are looking for work
• Labour Force, Australia, February 2014 (cat. no. 6202.0)
• Labour Force, Australia, Detailed - Electronic Delivery,
November 2013 (cat. no. 6291.0.55.001)
• Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, November 2013
(cat. no. 6291.0.55.003)
• Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership,
Australia, August 2011 (cat. no. 6310.0)
• Education and Training Experience, 2009 (cat. no. 6278.0)
• Regional Population Growth 2012 (cat. no. 3218.0)
There is a wide range of Government assistance available to help
you find the right job. The following is summary in nature and cannot
fully explain the large number of policies and programmes available,
but the websites listed below can direct you to more information.
Throughout Australian Jobs 2014, employment data at the national and
state level are trend (where possible). Employment data at the regional
level are 12 month averages. Employment data for occupations at the
industry level are four quarter averages. Data may not add.
For many small occupations, standard errors are large. Although trend
data are used for occupation employment estimates, employment
growth trends are variable for small occupations and should be used
with caution. For consistency across data sets, employment is ‘total’
and includes full-time and part-time workers of all ages.
Educational attainment data relate to the working age population (15 to 64).
www.humanservices.gov.au
Centrelink delivers a range of payments and services for people at
times of major change. Centrelink is part of the Department of
Human Services.
Job Services Australia
www.employment.gov.au/jsa
Job Services Australia is the Australian Government employment
services system that supports job seekers and employers. Job
Services Australia providers offer personalised support to help
job seekers to find a job, and help employers find staff to meet
their recruitment needs.
Job seekers can speak to their local Job Services Australia provider
or contact the Employment Services Information Line on 13 62 68.
To find a provider in your local area, visit the Australian JobSearch
website (see details below).
Data are based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial
Classification (ANZSIC) and the Australian and New Zealand Standard
Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO).
Australian JobSearch
Department of Employment It lists thousands of jobs, as well as links to a range of other
employment websites.
• Department of Employment, 2014 Employment Projections www.lmip.gov.au
These projections are based on ABS employment data for November
2013 and the Government’s forecasts and projections in the December
2013 Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO). As such, they
may not fully take account of the Government’s policies to boost
employment growth, including reducing red tape costs, lowering the
company tax rate and abolishing the carbon and mining taxes.
Accordingly, these projections may understate employment growth
over the five years to November 2018.
• Skill Shortage research www.employment.gov.au/skill-shortages
Department of Education
www.education.gov.au
• Student: Selected Higher Education Statistics, various issues
‘Higher Education award courses’ excludes enabling courses, but
includes associate degree, advanced diploma and diploma courses.
Graduate Careers Australia (GCA)
• GradStats, 2013
www.graduatecareers.com.au
• Graduate Destinations Tables and Figures
• Graduate Salaries Tables and Figures
www.jobsearch.gov.au
JobSearch is funded by the Australian Government as a free service
to help job seekers find jobs and employers find staff.
Mature Age
www.employment.gov.au
The Experience+ initiative supports mature age people to participate
in the workforce.
Call 13 17 64 or email [email protected].
Youth www.youth.gov.au and www.transitions.youth.gov.au
There are many activities and initiatives to support young people,
including help to complete school and to successfully transition to
further education, training and employment.
Help in the workplace
Fair Work Ombudsman www.fairwork.gov.au
The Fair Work Ombudsman is a single point of contact for advice
and help on workplace rights and responsibilities, including pay and
conditions. For further information call 13 13 94.
Help if you have lost your job
Fair Entitlements Guarantee www.employment.gov.au/feg
Bachelor and Masters degree employment outcomes are a proportion
of those who were available for full-time employment. Some graduate
destinations data are from customised tables produced for the
Department of Employment.
This scheme provides financial assistance to employees who have
lost their job as a result of their employer going bankrupt or into
liquidation. It is a safety net that covers unpaid employment
entitlements for wages (up to 13 weeks), annual and long service
leave, payment in lieu of notice (maximum five weeks) and
redundancy pay (maximum four weeks per year of service).
National Centre for Vocational Education
Research www.ncver.edu.au
Careers information
• Students and Courses, 2012
• Student Outcomes, various issues
• Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth Publications
(Papers 2546 and 2398)
• VOCSTATS, tables generated February 2014.
43
Centrelink
Information to help with career choices is available in Job Guide
and at myfuture.
www.jobguide.education.gov.au and www.myfuture.edu.au
EM14_0008
AUSTRALIAN
JOBS 2014
ISSN 1832-7230

Australian Jobs 2014 - Department of Industry, Innovation and Science

Transcription

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