370581_vol3. - The University of Edinburgh

GERMAN-SPEAKING TRAVELLERS IN SCOTLAND,
1800 - 1860,
AND THEIR PLACE IN THE
HISTORY OF EUROPEANTRAVEL LITERATURE
VOLUME THREE
APPENDIX
A.
BIOGRAPHICALSUPPLEMENT
8.
'FONTANE AND SCOTLAND' :
THE CRITICAL
REVIEW OF
RESEARCHTO DATE
61
-iv
i
k3
i.
APPENDIX
Date of
Visit
A.
SUPPLEMENT
BIOGRAPHICAL
Introduction
ii
August Gottlieb
Christian
Joseph Frank
Johanna Schopenhauer
Andreas
Philipp
'emnich
Georg Holzenthal
Samuel Heinrich
Eduard Meissner
Heinrich
Spiker
Meidinger
Carl Otto
Maximilian
von Löwenthal
[Victor
Aim6 Huber
Karl Friedrich
Schinkel
Ignaz Moscheles
Felix
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy
Karl Klingemann
Wilhelm
von Horn
Friedrich
von Raumer
Emil Isensee
Karl von Hailbronner
Franz Pulszky
Karl Theodor Maria Hubert
von
Hallberg-Broich
Goede
(1774-1812)
(1771-1842)
(1766-1838)
(1764-1822)
1802-3
1803
1803
NY790)
)
(?
-?
(1786-1858)
(1785-1868)
1812-14
1816
1817
1820, '21,
'24, '25-6
1822
1822
1823-4]
1826
1828
40
46
1829
48
1830
1835
1835
54
57
61
1836
65
1839
74
(1792-1867)
(1795-1879)
(1799-1872)
(1800-1869)
(1781-1841)
(1794-1870)
(1809-1847)
(1798-1862)
(1803-1871)
(1781-1873)
(1807-1845)
(1789-1864)
(1814-1697)
1
)
(1768-1862)
(1796-1877)
Karl Friedrich
Heinrich
Marx
(1808-1878)
Johann Georg Kohl
(1789-1869)
Carl Gustav Carus
[Ida von Hahn-Hahn
(1805-1880)
(1826-1902)
Julius
Köstlin
[Alfred
(1822-1885)
Meissner
(1798-1874)
Heinrich
Karl Brandes
(1811-1889)
Fanny Lewald
(1794-1868)
Waagen
Gustav Friedrich
(Further
to GB & possib ly Scotland,
visits
Ludwig Rellstab
Ernst Förster
Alexander
Ziegler
Rudolph Wichmann
Moritz
von Kalckstein
[Helmuth
von Moltke
Titus
Ullrich
Bernhard von Lepel
Theodor Fontane
B.
Pace
! Fontane and Scotland':
Research to date
(1799-1860)
(1800-1885)
(1822-1887)
)
(?
-?
)
(?
-?
(1800-1891)
(1813-1891)
(1818-1885)
(1819-1898)
Review
of
the
1858
17
20
24
27
32
35
37
86
90
101
114
117
122
135
139
146
149
153
157
162
166
Critical
a) Reception
b) Research
Notes
Bibliography
1841
1842
1844
18463
1849
1850)
1850
1850
1850
'51,
'54,
'56 & '57)
1851
1851
1851, '57-8
'1851-2
1852
1855
1857
1
4
7
1855-1900
from
1900
178
179
188
209
220
ii.
A.
SUPPLEMENT
BIOGRAPHICAL
INTRODUCTION
With
a few exceptions,
the
Scottish
visits
their
of
accounts
century
nineteenth
to
necessary
the
preceding
had a bearing
during
the
It
unknown.
discussion
the
supplement
information.
ical
to-day
are
on the
traveller's
decades
six
has thus
who left
to
his
biograph-
with
works
influences
attitude
the
of
been considered
has been laid
and on those
visit
first
their
of
In each case emphasis
Scottish
travellers
German-speaking
on the
have
will
which
tour
or her
years
of
Scotland.
This
of
biographical
while
view,
and esteemed
study
figures
public
commerce to medicine,
travels,
their
for
the
concern
and travel-writing
enjoyable
of
Scottish
is
biographical
background
The travellers
than
rather
four
already
the
of
the
case of
Victor
his
acoount
only
three,
Ida
is
visitors
did
further
investigation.
have
been
published
the
of
most
outline
to
their
to
in
is
this
Alfred
sufficient
dates
the
Bibliography
account
of
however,
is
to
remaining
Graf
and Helmuth
their
In
to refer
the
of my research;
Meissner
on
alone.
I was able
because
on
of works
Information
tours.
is
This
birth.
of
knowledge
their
stages
the
part
to
biographical
von
to warrant
visits
with
mentioned
the
travellers'
obvious
of
the
death
autobiographies
translation
have mostly
of
reference
difficulties,
been left
each individual
works
or
publications
contemporary
a few decades
institutions
brief
final
to
of
order
visits
their
regard
Eduard.
within
On account
to
comparison;
more relevant.
chronological
Meissner,
restricted
In some cases,
of
the
leave
not
father,
For
referred
Hahn-Hahn,
Gräfin
Moltke,
to his
prior
Aime Huber
in
in
regard
published
of
the
becomes all
or according
with
from'the
inspired
a 'romantically'
common point
treated
are
relevant
only
thus
alphabetically
particularly
Scotland
the
often
and
of men and women writing
age and means,
travel
but
enough,
a fashionable
them with
off
or anthropology;
geography
was genuine
from
ranging
a few lived
Only
for
subjects
provided
were important
interests
with
Arts.
the
concern
As a group
varying
visit
to
and points
attitudes
travellers
day,
their
these
merely
pastime.
standpoint
in
professional
for
the
many of
politics
with
rest
that
revealing
to explain
serves
tour
in
the
is
also
of
the
titles
original
given.
to
those
traveller
have
to
referred
concerned.
been consulted.
and rank
German.
and names
A
1.
GOEDE
August
Christian
on 20th
Dresden
Legationsrath
England,
Natur
und Kunst
in
people
spent
Irland
in
den Jahren
some time
in
Paris
but
He was later
to
on his
profession
in
particular
medicine.
favour
detailed
proposed
und der
to
take
work,
in
which
was mislaid
ill
and his
Goode was still
the
memoirs
that
depressed
the
leave
Jena.
the
of
the
not
novelist
content
der
Friedrich
Goode visited
Battle
of
Laun
him at
Firmly
Jena in
He packed
Jus Germanicum
following
from
a Senate
meeting
of Jena which
repercussions
refused
after
and fled
the
to
try
was not
an essay
town.
time
of
a further
own death,
of
1806,
in
His
in
recounts
Dresden
professors
him to
the hands
of
stay
the
he had written
attacking
He was offered
a chair
his
the more so
set
and had a horse
two fellow
old
and was
Goode was all
together
to persuade
yet
in
p. 61)
however.
and all
anti-French,
a few things
when a deputation
in
had been left
Goads's
after
Also
year.
The loss
profession,
(1770-1849)1,
this
October,
waiting,
Rechte
to be greats
his
with
to
1805 he abandoned
book which
recovered
in
Professor
K. W. Patz.
friends
legal
to return
in
but
Isles.
British
sciences,
natural
text
colleague,
cart
safety
the
at ease with
he gave up his
there,
in
a legal
and never
and gloomy.
after
an
is
Sollte
sich dies Manuscript
nicht
wiedergefunden
haben?
Der Verlust
da
wäre um so betrübender,
Art von einem so tiefdenkenden,
ein Werk dieser
kenntnissreichen,
sorgfältigen
und gewissenhaften
Manne der deutschen
Geschichte
und Literatur
zu
Denkmale gereichen
einem bleibenden
würde.
(quoted in Ersch/Cruber,
voll.
friend,
the
to London alone
return
dissertation,
GGttingen
by one of his
was considered
doctor
His
and edited
by a deceased
felt
he even planned
stage,
at Jena.
1806 he completed
unfinished
Britain
1802 und 1803,
as Ausserordentlicher
up a post
was published
the
of
as a medical
Philosophie
Privatum,
and gained
Erinnerungen
study
and here
the study
of
At this
London to practise
idea
in
he accompanied
Schottland.
und
From London he moved to Göttingen
this
Leipzig
through
Reise
and customs.
to work
order
on a journey
was born
tour.
Goode also
French
law in
From 1802-3
von Blümner
aus einer
Ode)
He studied
university.
Wales,
this
of
result
that
Baron
work,
1774.
February,
from
a doctorate
Goode (variously
Gottlieb
to
and
came to
him
and work
for
French.
Fearing
Napoleon,
in
Rostock
the
Goode
as
2.
professor
equivalent
took
to
Law and was on his
of
up this
the
in
post
einen
er ...
(Ersch/Gruber,
in
he was to
but
style,
vol. 1,
p. 60).
of
Greek
the
changes
brought
the
opinion
that
leagues
on his
finally
and doctors
to
He returned
labours
Paris,
de Sacy,
Sylvestre
of Arabic.
he could
was forced
to
aged 38.
One of
of
not
friends
his
and friends,
take
a travel
he renewed
himself
health,
its
it
on Britain,
work
wide
is
nonetheless
of
Dresden
in
Parts
year.
five
1804,
from
excerpts
with
never
volume
in
it
considers
fact
four
one to
four
his
and five
deal
edition
1805.
in
in
almost
England
the
here
into
by Arnold
English
1812,
in
first
1806,
on account
also
of
Many of
Maidinger
gemüth-und
geistvolle
The first
three
in
were published
Goode had also
exclusively
and part
his
Niemeyer,
published
Abendzeitung'
'Dresdener
was to have dealt with
("2te
umgearbeitete
völlig
was published
study
and he
in
main work.
und Schottland
and five
the West of
appeared,
work was translated
Irland
four
parts
parts
some of
second
Ausgabe")
Wales,
England,
the
1, p. 61)
vol.
of significance
later
parts
into
Scotland
(for
instance
travellers
to
Goode
refer
2)
Maidinger
him "der klare,
and Spiker,
calling
(Maidinger,
Risen,
Göde (nicht
Goethe)"!
p. iii).
the
orientalist,
on 2nd July,
so much as mentions
Dbring
popularity;
academic
of him:
said
Goode scarcely
break.
however,
Wer ihn kannte und seine wahrhaft
edle,
herzlich
sein unermüdetes
gute Natur,
der konnte dem herrStreben,
redliches
lichen,
Art
nur durch Mixgeschick
aller
tadellosen
Jugend
seiner
um den Frohsinn
Antheil
Manne den innigsten
gebrachten
nicht
versagen.
(quoted in Ersch/Gruber,
Although
col-
his
the
with
where he died
to Göttingen,
return
his
of
ruin
hard
his
thirties
throwing
resist
and careful
own lecturing
his
condition
resting,
events;
based on Roman
system
his
him to
lecturer,
by political
become acquainted
was to be the
This
in
physical
instead
Having
vigour.
with
He
a popular
He made close
only
persuaded
but
a legal
to enhance
order
he was still
work soon began to tell
himself
about
adequate.
in
orators
though
even
latter.
the
he was to become very close
"an
Heyne (1751-1821)
Heyne fand
für ihn sorgenden Freund"
Coeds proved
law was no longer
the
of
und väterlich
forward
put
and British
study
Gönner
view
to accept
the
In Göttingen
Leberecht
Christian
writer
especially
1807.
in
post
and decided
Göttingen
when he was offered
way there
with
six,
London,
a project
Ireland.
part
which
The three
u.
verbesserte
in
Dresden.
as The Stranger
that
in
The
England.
or
3.
Travels
in
etc.
that
of
Great
Britain;
(3 volumes,
country
on the
remarks
containing
London 1807).
It
politics,
laws,
was also
published
English
translation,
1805 - 7.
A second three volume
in London in 1821
by Thomas Horne, was published
as aA
Foreigner's
Opinion
in
translation
Dutch
German by T. Horne,
in
America
last
edition
at Haarlem
in
England.
of
of
this
Boston,
in
and an edition
by Wells
and Lilly,
reveals
much of
Translated
the
translation
1822.
from
the
original
was published
The title
page of
content:
work's
Opinion
A Foreigner's
of
England,
Englishwomen,
Englishmen,
English
English
Nobility,
Manners,
English
Parties,
English
Morals,
Englsih
English
Politics,
Domestic Life,
English
Arts and Artists,
English
Laws,
Lawyars,
English
English
Literature,
English
English
Merchants,
Criticism,
English
Education,
Commerce,
English
English
English
Charities,
Universities,
English
Fashions,
Clergy,
English
English
Sectarians,
Amusements,
English
And a Variety
Subjects
including
of other interesting
Memorials
of Nature and Art,
Comprised in a series
of
of free Remarks, the result
Observation
during
personal
a Residence of Two Years
in Great Britain,
August Gottlieb
Goads.
by Christian
(Title
page of Boston edition,
It
takes
taste,.
is
the
not
form
tour,
a regular
of
on English
a series
life
of
as lived
no itinerary
essays,
in
the
this
dry
is
given
and laboured
metropolis.
and instead
to modern
1822)
it
a.
FRANK
Dr.
a third
had been a French
end of
northern
first
in
following
reputation
due to ill
but
G6ttingen,
where he became chief
Pavia
teaching,
Joseph
states
and embarking
thereafter
father.
His
practical
career
under
Moscati,
and from
studied
Adjunct
and Repetitor
the
writing
earned
and then,
Milan,
1794 in
Pavia,
of
In 1791
doctor
1791)
June,
Como on 20th
Switzerland
his
with
where
he worked
where
he became first
for
departure
and
Klinik
der medicinischen
father's
his
centres
there.
of
began in
Professor
on his
in
Vienna
1795,
latter's
him a reputation
(ADB, vol.
his
albeit.
a theory
he had first
1796 Frank
left
Primararzt
at
which
the
in
Italy,
Pavia
the
time
to
join
Allgemeines
he published
simplistic
end of
and Scotland,
of which
in
his
his
Egypt,
persistently
somewhat
At the
but
reservations,
Vienna,
speaking
England
des Brownianismus"
He even influenced
was spent
during
as an "Evangelist
Switzerland
in
father
with
career
p. 257),
VII,
believed.
from
tour
Pavia,
to
Famed for
medical
in
degree
his
first
His
interim
published
professor.
post as
(published
in both German and Italian)
which
was a pamphlet
filled
with
his
and
Joseph
teaching
as a medical
on an extensive
und ausserordentlicher
his
to have studied
he received
that
France
where
Lombardy.
qualifying
studies,
Frank
In 1784 he settled
transferred
for
the
at
Peter
where
and teacher,
most popular
was fortunate
his
completed
(Callisen
the
became one of
and Joseph
learning
to Bruchsal,
of
grandfather
Rothalben
to neighbouring
1772,
officer
His
Johann
to Rastatt,
health
medical
that
son of
and cousin
of
first
as writer
was established
village
moving
year,
the
(1761-1825).
was here
Germany to Baden,
and the
was born,
in
to
the
later
as a doctor,
practised
1769 back
Vosges and it
the
(1745-1821),
Frank
in
farmer
peasant
1771,
December,
Frank
man, Ludwig
medical
notable
Peter
Johann
known doctor,
a well
on 23rd
was born
Frank
Joseph
1802 Frank
1792 and in
cousin
Ludwig,
Greece
and only
the
attacked
his
in
father
Krankenhaus,
further
Brunonian
set
off
more particularly,
in
briefly
Brunonian
Vienna
system.
Paris,
German
3
In
he held
until
1803,
last
moving
away
to more complex
on a study
thinking,
and was appointed
at
writings,
his
whose colourful
a post
ideas
towards
while
firmly
Moscati
which
to lean
father
heard
tour
London
of
theories.
France,
and Edinburgh,
Gelehrten
medicinischen
a tour "welche ihn mit den hervorragendsten
jener Zeit in Verbindung
brachte
und die offenbar
sehr wesentlich
zu
5.
seiner
After
his
Lehrer
der
in Wilna,
who the
Frank
of
a new medical
to
it
in
his
London und einem
tlanda
was published,
full
he undertook
title,
doctors
outstanding
teaching
to
curious
A second
258).
a foreword
wrote
his
During
(published
reports
latter
eines
work,
in
three
volumes,
praecepta
"dem allerdings
mit. Umsicht
jedoch
in Wilna,
book which
universes
medicae
der
June
recounts
his
1816,
Frank
weniger
in
he was surely
hero,
his
Verfechter
einer
(ADB, vol. VII
to which
published
several
but
worked
Originalität
der
als
ness
that
stating
travelled
It
Werkes
litterarischen
he freely
in
the
admitted
foreword
immediately
used by medical
a measure
was also
his
to the
after
on
der Charakter
Nachweise
auch
Reise
completing
scrupulous
errors
youthful
that
his
angesehen
to
he was glad
studies,
Frank
thorough-
judgement,
of
his
thorough-
men who followed
of Frank's
das
zukommt,
[ i.
Repertorium
e., 1878]
noch
als ein werthvolles
VII,
werden muss" (ADS, vol.
p. 258) could also be applied
Reise, which makes up for any lack of originality
through
Britain.
clinical
mainly
heute
to
Frank
1816.
in
was published
more
John Brown,
in
Reise,
compilatorischen
Vollständigkeit
well
of
can be seen as his life's
work, Praxeos
(1811 ff. ).
Kirsch's
opinion
of this
ausgeführten
ness and was certainly
the
Beobachter"
1808-12),
the
methods
so restricted
the
travels
to
of meeting
mehr als
of
und Schot-
erstwhile
unbefangener
edition
Vienna,
years
in
text
a specialist
als
unaltered
dated
his
nach
Englands
their
Although
"nicht
Reise
institutions,
and welfare
where
was appointed
according
purpose
was no longer
sondern
which,
observing
and prisons.
Frank
Richtung,
einseitigen
public
and he emerged
outlook
The work
express
and director
Frank's
des übrigen
countries,
Edinburgh,
and taught,
scientific
those
the
visit
that
1803,
in
the
with
hospitals
the
had lived
p.
of
and visiting
particular
than
Scotland
Johann
Physician
and Joseph
1804 and 1805..
in
however,
year,
time
Theile
grossen
rejoined
der. speciellen
become Court
this
258).
der kaiserlich
auf
and. thus
Petersburg,.
was at
England,
France,
St.
in
It
stead.
Therapie
Lithuania,
to
post
school
Paris,
through
a post
The following
there.
gave up this
Ibid.,
p.
,
as "öffentlicher.
became Professor
same year
und Klinik
(ADS
hat"
und Allgemeinen
Universität"
Therapie
beigetragen
Germany he accepted
Pathologie
father,
Peter
to
return
russischen
his
Ernüchterung
weitern
even
he had not
when he had been
6.
idealistic
too
improve
in
the
state
his
views.
of
medicine
a "Vaccinations-Gesellschaft",
of
2,000
in
Vienna,
silver
in
but
here,
on 18th
Frank
continued
(which
1842,
was never
published
many honours
received
Staatsrath
a member of
the
many learned
medical
tour
on a British
York,
Bath
Husum.
concerns
his
report
which
took
Edinburgh,
Newcastle,
Bristol,
Reise
Frank's
Two concludes
Part
of
His
Edinburgh.
most of
coach
for
Frank
created
first,
in
and finally
Also
in
Wladimirordens,
He became
Classe.
and St.
Peterburg
him to
his
Carlisle
time
in
Oxford,
Glasgow,
from
devoted
took
visit
Paris
and London,
on London and relates
and Portsmouth,
Some 75 pages are
spent
two volumes
Medicinalrath.
2ter
Vienna
faculties
last
and of
societies.
One of
Part
Annenordens,
des St.
Classe, and Ritter
4ter
The work
Collegienrath,
des St.
Ritter
two honours,
reworking
edition.
being
was
praecepta
1841 and 1843.
in
two years
retirement
universae
and the
then
,
1821 and Kaiserlich
in
1821 he was awarded
a second
in Wilna,
work
his
During
Hofrath
Russischer
Kaiserlich
Russischer
his
for
for
German and French),
and published
for
pension
on Lake Como and it
villa
however,
entirety,
by Puchelt
were compiled
1804,
in
in
Klinik",
a yearly
practice
private
medicae
both
appeared
which
a "medicinisch-
with
he died.
Praxeos
into
was to be translated
his
that
to work on his
parts
up in
1826 he moved to
December,
and editing
to
He set
much to
and a scholarship
In 1824 he retired,
rubles.
did
also
an "ambulatorische
a "Gebäranstalt"
students.
medical
Frank
founding
practically,
Gesellschaft",
chirurgisch-pharmaceutische
fifty
in Wilna
While
to
place
Edinburgh
and Liverpool
Cambridge,
Liverpool,
where
his
on 11th
July.
*Stamford,
Birmingham,
to Harwich
and Glasgow,
in June and July
and left
findings
Manchester,
he sailed
Edinburgh
while
Glasgow
and on to
60 of
of 1803.
on the mail
these
He
7.
JOHANNA SCHOPENHAUER
Schopenhauer
Johanna
of
life
facts
of
her
Scotland
in
1803;
known are
best
Weimar
only
friends
the
of
Trosiner,
four
in
received
reported
to have shown a great
the
she attended,
school
social
Johanna's
her
taught
nurse
some say the
child
Her greatest
talent
in
a fluency
ensured
graces,
her
the
lay
in
field
the
Danzig
Although
in
of
it,
she
her
teaching
the
this
before
of
Polish
and
German.
even before
tongue
she is
but
of languages;
long
but
the
Her upbringing
and love
Polish
1766,
July,
language
own native
had mastered
Trosiener
progress
in
her
und 1805.
good.
French,
for
1813 her
in
well-to-do
Ackermann's,
tour
she is
which
Trosiener.
for
her
was expressly
the
of
aptitude
Mamsell
for
Henriette
she made little
music,
of
unusually
education
tuition
account
on 9th
Heinrich
Christian
to her
1803,1804
Johanna
family
the
to mention
she published
and Trossina)
in
me only
it
den Jahren
in
for
that
in
biographers
of
Weimar years
that
Trosina
and her
was comfortable
relevant
was born
daughters
attention
necessary
here
concern
Reise
and merchant,
senator
are
the
subsequent
Schopenhauer
Johanna
of
thus
which
von einer
(variously
is
and associates
Erinnerungen
eldest
It
elsewhere.
and critics
those
has received
howevers
art,
Talent
Entschiedenes
and Vorliebe
zeigte
Jugend für die bildenden
sie schon in früher
Was sie irgend
Künste.
sah,
sie
versuchte
trotz
und ermüdete,
nachzuzeichnen
mancher
Versuche,
in dem Streben,
mialungenen
nicht
das auf dem Papier sich zu vergegenwärtigen,
Sie
Seele stand.
was so lebhaft
vor ihrer
Kalenderkupferchen,
kopirte
englische
und versuchte
ohne
selbst
nicht
"Kupferstiche
Glück Porträts
nach der Natur.
(Schmidt,
XXXI, p. 411)
vol.
A precocious
like
Angelika
send her
the
ran
to
Kaufmann
in
this
her
-
(Ibid,
as a model
now applied
that
good friend
study
her
of
duty
energies
until
was to
social
age of
ten
stay
her
of
etiquette
the
mother
to her
a vital
role.
and neighbour
to
the
Trosiener
Elisabeth,
of
the
was
"Milde
and thus
languages
Dr.
and sister
Richard
household,
to
Johanna
sisters.
younger
to
parents
But it
six.
at home and emulate
study
played
her
whose mother
age of
to a renewed
a Scotsman
become a painter
begged
Chodowiecki,
with
p. 411)
to
an ambition
the
and at
she had attended
und Sanftmuth"
serve
to
Berlin
school
to no avail
she harboured
child,
and it
was
Jameson,
was the
minister
8.
of
the
English-speaking
unusual
her
in
congregation
it
and took
of Johanna
intelligence
Danzig.
the
He recognised
upon himself
to
further
education:
Als ich heranwuchs,
wurde Jameson mein
Lehrer,
und
mein Berather,
mein Führer,
über
Seite,
blieb
wachte
und
zur
mir
und liess
mich nicht
meine junge Seele,
herangekommen war,
von ihm, bis die Zeit
in welcher
ein Anderer die Verpflichtung,
für mich Sorge zu tragen,
mit meiner Hand
übernahm.
Altars
am
(Schopenhauer,
Ju endleben u. Wanderbilder,
pp. 41-2)
According
her
to Johanna,
parents',
Jameson had arrived
1765;
in
marriage
man who had gained
educated
he was in
his
doctorate
in
his
Edinburgh,
and he exerted
and receptive
Johanna.
There
have imparted
something
University
that
it
of
was he who introduced
Danzig
native
time
the
influence
on the
too,
he must
to her,
of
a highly
from
theology
doubt,
land
the
about
mid-thirties,
a great
little
is
of his
in
that
and it
is
young
certain
to Shakespeare:
her
Sie war fast ein Kind,
als er sie die
Muttersprache
seines Landes lehrte.
FeierSpäterhin
brachte
sie fast alle
Durch ihn machte
stunden bei ihm zu.
mit den englischen
sie die Bekanntschaft
Klassikern,
besonders mit Shakespeare
und
Uebersetzungen
mit den besten englischen
der'Alten.
Auch in-anderen
wissenschaftlichen
in der SternFächern,
besonders
kunde, ward jener vielseitig
gebildete
Mann ihr Führer.
das
Die Betrachtung
SommerHimmels an heitern
gestirnten
abenden erhob ihren Geist über das
in die unendlichen
Irdische
Räume.
Solchen Eindrücken
sie früh
verdankte
Stärke des Geistes
eine seltene
und ihre
liebende
Seele.
Freiheit
(Schmidt,
XXXI, p. 412)
vol.
If
love
Johanna's
for
enthusiasm
Revolutions
the
implied
freedom
of
fighters'
'freedom
that
at
then she was to be bitterly
Danzig was not to retain
its
much of
the
was married
Heinrich
Reichsstadt's
at
Floria
18 on 16th
this
of
stage
of
freedom
her
forever
to retain
May, 1784 to
also
politics
American
the
disappointed
struggle
Schopenhauer,
to
extended
life
by events
any-rate
its
it
lived
through
independence.
banker
native
did
at home.
and Johanna
the wealthy
a patriotic
at
her
and
and French
of
She
and merchant
Danzig,
and
9.
twenty
that
the
her
her
years
later,
the
spent
she
happy
was
opportunity
to
her
from.
admitted
on love
enjoy
afforded
in
many years
readily
founded
was not
marriage
husband,
Johanna
senior.
and
the
luxury
for
travel.
while
she
his
of
the
start
seldom
wealth
saw
and,
Schopenhauer
had
England:
Er war Anglophile,
sein Landhaus ganz
im englischen
Geschmack, mit englischem
Komfort eingerichtet,
die
und selbst
Lämmer, mit denen Johanna spielte,
hatten
Glocken, vcn_neuestem
englischem
(Plakolb,
den
Fabrikat
Hals.
pp. 313-4)
um
Such was Schopenhauer's
considered
Berlin,
England,
where
intended
his
the
in
they
child
his
Johanna's
with
the
following
reign
of
to strengthen
Danzig
in
and they
to
visit
Louis
their
England,
in
had
to enjoy
order
to
returned
London did
in
not
where Arthur
Danzig,
February.
The Schopenhauers'
unhappy
to
there
Schopenhauer
period.
nationality
) but November
profession!
health
and from
in
him to
with
(he was much mistaken
British
of
son's
to Paris
be born
should
he seriously
that
travelled
a lengthy
for
stayed
advantages
predicting
was born
Germany and France
first
business
agree
In 1787 Johanna
emigrating.
through
England
for
enthusiasm
XVI
and
own desire
Paris
during
Marie
Antoinette
for
1793 came as a bitter
last
the
had but
independence,
of
years
and the
the
served
fall
of
blow:
Die Helden des Alterthums,
die für Freiheit
traten
begeisternd
starben,
vor ihre Jugendliche
Phantasie.
Es ward ihr leicht,
ihren
Gatten zu bewegen, seine ansehnlichen
Handelsverbindungen
und die Annehmlichkeiten
in Oliva aufzugeben.
eines sch$nen Landsitzes
(Schmidt,
XXXI, p. 413)
vol.
Within
hours
twenty-four
few days before
the
but
escaped
Hamburg,
where
they
sively,
travel
France.
to sell
from
They toured
them through
England
Holland
and Scotland,
for
ten
her
the
up home in
years,
learnt
the
Johanna
father's
Germany in
and the North
early
of
business
1800 and in
of
back to Holland
France
Danzig,
exten-
excitement
to
Russia
1803 their
travels
to London,
through
and from
there
to
returning
travelled
trips
a
Hansestadt
only
the
only
They were
town.
From now on they
having
of
had left
occupied
and set
property.
herself
accounts
troops
capture
lived.
their
Johanna
Schopenhauers
Prussian
followed,
Danzig
the
to Paris.
of
and
took
10.
The Schopenhauers'
Hamburg,
but
parents,
staying
there,
school
It
his
while
travels,
since
both
parison
would
have proved
hands of
Napoleon,
her
during
Augustin,
stay
her
Silesia,
Danzig
three
After
years.
loft
door
into
a few days
ledge
of
French
looting
escaped
Very
few houses
the
in
became a meeting-place
being
himself
Johanna's
one of
acceptance
to an occasion
refers
Kosegarten's
read
(Houben,
the
pp.
following
which
73-4).
the
Battle
of Jena.
the
to
Johanna's
of
a Scots
Her Thursday
contemporary
description
for
home and one
entertainment,
thus
"Hilla
and Sunday salons
reveals
Goethe
elite,
ensuring
Houben
on which
soirees
the
know-
property
Residenzstadt.
ballad,
North
the wounded
former
social
the
her
her
servants,
there,
of
from
the
Through
and social
repair
society
one of
translation
for
in
when Weimar was in
Herder's
fit
and even
he fell
leave
to
caring
intellectual
first
the
French
with
house,
the
into
at
her
town still
for
a while
1805,4
in
which
she decided
herself
soon her
in
suicide,
France
of
She had been away
husband
of her
and
painting.
she stayed
where
the
painter
South
the
September,
of
and she busied
and displaced.
of
loyalty
now in
the
of
their
and a com-
Johanna,
of miniature
in
She arrived
and the
studio
to Hamburg.
below,
the
for
tour
of
Saxony and Brandenburg,
presumed
before
the
art
death
sudden
the
Vienna,
return
a canal
and moved to Weimar.
upheaval,
her
the
to
part
But Paris,
1804 through
Bohemia,
'accident',
an unexplained
a high
before
the
in
and from Munich
traversing
revisiting
in
skill
she travelled
move,
in
much time
to September.
diary
a travel
interesting.
of
Mr. Lancaster's
July
from
in
his
with
them on this
kept
highlight
was left
and attending
with
mother
most
she spent
to Switzerland
before
he and his
perfecting
Ever on the
travel
not
was the
travelled
Britain
toured
parents
he did
June 1797),
in Wimbledon
friends
with
a shame that
is
Arthur
fifteen-year-old
the
(born
Adele
daughter,
Goethe
(1801),
5
became famous;
high
she was held:
in der weitesten
Vollkommen und unabhängig
Bedeutung des Wortes konnte sie die gesellderen Mittelpunkt
Verhältnisse,
schaftlichen
bestimmt
schien,
nach eigenem
sie zu. bilden
RückSinne gestalten,
feinen
ohne andere
als die, die man
sichten
nehmen zu dürfen,
überall
fühlt.
Sie
zu beachten sich geneigt
die Lösung des zwiefachen
grossen
verstand
Lille"
esteem
in
11.
Leben der höhern
durch die-das
Geheimnisses,
Sie wusste jeden
bedingt
Gesellschaft
wird.
in Behaglichkeit
sobald er
zu versetzen,
in ihrer
Nähe befand
und mehr zu empsich
Alle
fangen
sich
zu
weshalb
als
zu geben,
ihr
fühlten
und sie als vollkommen
gezogen
der Mittelpunkt
betrachteten,
zu
geeignet
Kreis
so ein erlesener
werden,
um den sich
bewegte.
von Gebildeten
(Schmidt,
And so thelaudation
is
Even the
turbulent
"der
that
albeit
this
Scottish
fortune
the
with
1823,
in
to the
warmer
summer of
to
write
financial
This
1837.
Johanna
to return
her
in
she caught
after
sleep.
und Kirchenrath
the
a cold
new year,
but
visitors
In a speech
made
Dr.
Schwarz
her
bank in
1819 and suffering
a
praised
after
herself
her
permission
"zweites
while
of
her
character
it
the
summer
and
and on the
she died
her graveside
and
on her memoirs.
working
little
to
Vaterland".
illness
despite
winter
until
stayed
sufficiently
him for
as usual,
at
they
where
1828
moved in
moved to Jena in
thought
receiving
on
losing
Thüringen,
following
throw
that
asking
and she and Adele
the
might
years
briefly
had humbled
to
edition
Her final
they
and Bonn,
in Weimar,
Grossherzog
She survived
April,
Rhine
the
soirees,
durch
Reise
and she and Adele
dwindled
salon
of
to society
At Easter
her
her
a Danzig
of
1818.
in
any light
may be said
climate
he granted
returned
it
the
curtail
348).
p.
and improved,
enlarged
regarding
XXXII,
her
published
later
years
collapse
support
1837.
16th
the
but
Johanna
second,
five
relevance
tour,
stroke
the
that
not
certain
war bunter,
um sie versammelte,
(Schmidt,
Vol. XXI p. 416).
sich
geworden"
the
she published
may be of less
her
time
und Schottland,
of which
der
wechselnder
was at
England
1813 and 1814 did
of
Kreis,
edle
geräuschvoller,
It
years
also
"im Kreise
hostess,
proved an excellent
and refined
(ADB, vol
ästhetischen
Tischrunde
Herrscherin"
ihrer
in
it
but
Johanna
that
of
no doubt,
biased
continues,
p. 415)
vol. XXXI,
of a stroke
Superintendant
highly:
Charakters
Zug ihres
Der hervorstechendste
Gefühl des Rechts und der
war ein tiefes
Sinne.
Pflicht
im weitesten
und schönsten
Eine dies Gefühl verletzende
Gemeinheit,
gegen wen und von wem sie
gleichviel
den lebhaftesten
stets
ausgeübt ward, rief
der unter
Unwillen
bei ihr hervor,
des
Umständen sich bis zu Aeusserungen
heftigen
könnte.
Zu
Zorns steigern
diesem Gefühle gesellte
sich eine grossdauernde Freiheitsliebe
artige,
und
12.
in Allem,
gesinnt
obwohl aristokratisch
Verhältwas die äussern gesellschaftlichen
ehrte sie doch die Menschennisse betraf,
Herzen und konnte eine
wurde aus tiefstem
Kränkung derselben,
an dem Geringsten
einem,
nie
ertragen.
oder
gleichgültig,
(Schmidt,
"So treffliche
feine
wissenschaftliche
her
intimate
knowledge
and literature
for
war ihr
and her
she did
music,
Did the
her
Johanna's
critical
descriptions
Wieland,
Herder
und der
till
his
Johanna's
Karl
death.
life6
the world
in
work,
particular
influential
amongst
two
are
'Novellen'
von St.
Bettler
1819,
Johanna
of
being
a woman of
durch
her
England
from
the
of
contemporary
the
Schopenhauer
letters,
writing
und Schottland
and
to use in
put
no doubt
1836,
of her
the
then
for
her
was
here
note
Der
entitled,
It
financial
should
resources
most unusual
living.
before
was written
position
The Raise
this
change
in
circumstances.
There
darken
the
two aspects
are
picture.
said
of most of
with
her,
This
does not
her
the
creative
apply
of
The first
travellers
work
to her
life
Johanna's
is
scarcely
dealt
with
possessing
travel
and work
her
here:
no lasting
writing,
which
fault
her
however,
her
her
that
von Schottland.
loss
was in
Italian
Of particular
in
and Margaretha
the
Dr. Jameson
The knowledge
is
is
her
in
'Eragungsroman',
women.
she published
after
her
histor-
art
replaced
travels
the
that
extensive
essays.
above
and there
pioneering
'Journal
whom she nursed
a sense
her
These
Bertuch's
friend,
close
and critical;
Kolumba
in
the
1807 with
Goethe,
of
Her first
Fernow,
to publish
which
be remembered
also
to
was he who had taught
she gained
fictional
writings,
her
of
Fernow had in
her
which
1809,
July
Ludwig
and it
who had persuaded
of
in
match
by Friedrich.
more to follow,
biography
and philosopher,
house
in
Moden'
was the
publication
and landscapes
with
lady
began in
by von Kugelgen
portraits
and Schiller,
she contributed,
des Luxus
ian
of
As
this.
society
as a writer
and
since "Nichts
(Ibid. ).,
this,
perfect
apparently
career
p. 420)
language
to
Dilettantismus"
unreife
this
writings-of
character?
essays
der
als
in
indulge
to
attempt
noch durch
and Italian
testified
skills
419-20)
pp.
wurden
(Ibid.,
gehoben"
English
French,
artistic
not
verhasster,
Bildung
of
XXXI,
vol.
des Herzens
Eigenschaften
ihre
gelassen
and can be
fame died
qualities.
for
which
13.
different
and less
writer.
But it
inability
in
son and his
the
appreciate
it
fact
die
would
albeit
receive,
her
distaste
that,
while
her,
with
gradually,
Adele,
her mother.
given
her son had left
him lonely,
split
between
to
a head during
1813.
Arthur
to escape
the
to write
October.
that
His
vol.
III,
and the
wohl
import
greatly
upset
praise
herself
for
her
remarks
concerning
the
her
But
the
And yet
Erinnerungen
of
the
was coming
in
in
published
to Weimar
peaceful
in
absentia
in
rift
him
she misunderstood
them became final
between
von Gerstenberg
Johanna
into
him for
von einer
her
house;
was happy
In a letter
she thanks
beginning
Phil,
how hopelessly
own work.
29.3.1813,
The
he submitted
which
had
remark on seeing his dissertation,
(Die Grossen Deutschen (1957),
Apotheker"
Müller
it
whence he moved to the
derisive
work.
that
the
latter
the
and had fled
Dresden
Dr.
in
life
was being
Reise
graduating
only
her
in
her
son was to
and neglected.
here
dissertation,
even Adele.
dated
at
his
accepted
Knebel,
appeared
year,
proves
of
in
fame in
she needed was
The upbringing
Johanna's
up his
lived
restless
the
she could
her
The child
relevant
of war,
mother's
etwas für
p. 138),
when Johanna
time
confusion
autumn of
"Das sei
the
had been living
the
Rudolstadt
and son is
mother
than
a certain
who happily
and shadow of
service
of
no more understand
recognition
last.
would
daughter
submissive
the
whereas
She was a
principles
in Weimar
she enjoyed
for
complete
son Arthur.
She could
life
her
for
her
namely
to the
according
she moved.
which
her,
her
of
genius
and judged
time
circle
social
day,
the
fault,
personal
great
remembers
posterity
to recognise
woman of her
one to her
does lead
ironically,
which,
her
creative
the
demanded of
are necessarily
skills
to receive
to Major
his
this
von
complimentary
Reise,
year:
Ihr Lob, ich gestehe es ehrlich
und offen,
Herzen wohl,
thut mir recht im innersten
der Sie
und wer kann es mir verdenken,
ich
kennt?
Gewiss ich bin nicht
eitel,
Gattung
recht gut, von welcher
unterscheide
den man mir hin und wieder
ist,
der Beifall
Ueber manches Lob schäme ich mich,
zollt.
mich, aber dass Sie und
andres verdriesst
Goethe und vielleicht
noch zwei oder drei
andre mir über meine Versuche dann und wann
which
had
14.
Wort sagen,
ein freundliches,
ermunterndes
das ist
die Freude und der Stolz meines
Lebens.
(Schopenhauer,
Damals in Weimar, pp. 170-71)
Johanna treasured
had almost
most highly,
whose friendship
Goethe,
received
certainly
had evidently
Johanna
family
lost
should
want
and political
her
high
her
events
around
in
travels
the
of
copies
praise.
to write
keen interest
earlier
von Knebel
it
accorded
first
the
one of
It
is
at
such
Reise
and he, too,
interesting
that
a time,
when both
her were so troubled.
In
politics?
the
Had she
same letter
to
she writes:
Ich wollte,
ich hörte nichts
und sähe nichts
als meine Freunde, meine Bücher, und meine
Arbeiten,
Neuigkeiten
und alle politischen
blieben
fern von mir, obgleich
sie auch
über mein Schicksal
Alle
diese
entscheiden.
Furcht
ist mir ärger als das
und Hoffnung
Übel;
doch, ist's
wirkliche
man trägt's
einmal da, aber das Hin- und Herbalotiren
ist unerträglich.
(Ibid.
p. 171)
Is
this
from
the
in
mood reflected
her
any genuine
observations
In a letter
to
plans
for
she might
Bertuch,
a second
and if
Reise,
dated
edition
of
Ist
the
so,
detract
does it
have made therein?
July,
1816,
she writes
Reises
Ich habe meine Erinnerungen
jetzt
von
ich finde
neuem durchgesehen,
sie sind
Ganze das mit dem
ein abgeschlossnes
Theil
ist,
beendigt
zweiten
völlig
wie
Sie selbst
finden
werden wenn Sie
essen
Seite nur flüchtig
letzte
nachsehen wollen.
Das Buch hat mehr Beifall
gefunden als wir
beide erwarteten,
deshalb muss es bleiben
ist.
Wollten
Sie eine zweite
wie
es
.
Auflage
machen,
so würde ich freilich
viel
Zusätze und Verbesse un en an brin en
haben, aber einen dritten
Theil musSen wir
hinzufügen,
dem Buche
nicht
es thäte
Schaden.
Gerade dass es kurz ist macht eines
Hauptverdienste,
ich bin also entseiner
den dritten
Theil
schlossen
nicht
zu schreiben,
die ich
sondern den Stoff
und die Vorarbeiten
dazu liegen
habe, mit der Zeit zu einem für
Ganzen zu verarbeiten,
sich bestehenden
wie,
bestimmt.
weiss ich selbst
noch nicht
(Ibid.
p. 207)
Despite
the
above
comment,
a third
volume
was added to
the
first
of
15.
two under
the
The Reise
durch
durch
Reise
title
separate
und Schottland
England
das südliche
still
Frankreich.
an entity
remains
on
the tours of Holland
its own, with or without
and the South of
dated 12th
F. A. Brockhaus,
A letter
to the publisher,
France.
the second part of the Reise durch England
October 1818, accompanied
in it Schopenhauer appeals to Brockhaus
to ensure
und Schottland;
(it
to her corrections
that the type-setter
attention
pays careful
Auflage").
as the "zweite. verbesserte
und vermehrte
was published
She also thanks him for five copies of the Rheinreise,
for which
had been pestering
her.
The popularity
friends
of her travel
had evidently
writings
the
following
that
been such
she could
to make
afford
comment:
Leute
Buch
einmahl
ein
meinen
wer
-Die
hat der könne es auch
geschrieben
abbacken,
wie Waffelkuchen
wenn der
Teig einmahl eingerührt
ist.
Verzeihen
Sie mir diesen Hausmütterlichen
Vergleich,
der mir im Grimm über diese höflich
seinist.
Zudringlichkeit
sollende
entfahren
in
Ich habe grosse Lust mich wenigstens
diesem Punkt dem grossen Göthe künftig
gleichzustellen
und niemanden als meinen
Verwandten mehr ein Buch von mir zu geben.
(Ibid.
p. 224)
There
two ironies
are
triviality
of
writing,
popular
on which
to
before
Bartuch
other
the
her
live
loss
here,
popular
as it
in
of
she intends
to
was,
her
go to
to which
money in
have offered
them in
provide
not
her
the
with
means
she had been accustomed
In the
matters
and informs
considerably
future.
even her
that
Danzig.
her
the
son despised
only
and secondly
could
financial
her
that
writing,
the manner
she discusses
publishers
first
above
letter
him that
more for
She excuses
to
since
her works
herself
with
the
words:
Little
years
really
Ich schreibe
zwar nicht
um des Geldes wegen,
sondern weil ich diese Art Beschäftigung
lieb
des
gewonnen habe und der Beifall
Publikums
mich immer mehr dazu ermuntert,
Thaler
aber wir leben in Zeiten
wo hundert
mehr oder weniger wohl zu beachten sind,
das wissen Sie selbst.
(Ibid.
p. 208)
did she realise
how cruelly
would feel
she herself
to come when,
did count.
no longer
a lady
of means,
every
this
"Thaler"
in
16.
Schopenhauer
dates
and distances
toured
Their
the
country
route
took
and Stirling
the
was not
concerned
of her Scottish
in
and north
Tay to Kenmore and Killin
Arrochar,
and Lanark,
Lake District
Clencme,
visited
via
Moffat
Falls
and Dunkeld.
Clyde,
and Gretna
July
They stayed
Green.
1803.
and on to Carron
followed
Inveraray,
and travelled
husband
to September
They then
and saw Dalmally,
of
providing
She and her
from
Loch Lomond and Luse.
the
with
to Edinburgh
Berwick
to Perth
Reise
itinerary.
carriage
a private
them through
in her
in
Cairndow,
Glasgow
south
to
the
17,
NEMNICH
Andreas
Philipp
(ADS,
Encyklopddiker"
in
Dillenburg
in
Rechte
age
for
of
Hamburg,
(ADB, vol.
XXIII,
der
1799 he toured
Britain
journey,
and industry
und durch
England
He
returned
the
following
to
year,
Fabriken,
und Handlung
him to all
but
is
the
there
is
imply
was
him "den
in
taking
alone
character
Universal-Lexikon
of
der
merkantilischen
Briefstils,
an account
of
of
British
economy
1805 and stayed
in
travels
on his
of
the
travel
reveals
calls
(Maidinger,
later
works,
1820).
Nachtrag,
something
of
the
pains-
authors,
alle
und Teutschen
Wörter
des Buchhaltens
Operationen,
Bank - und Wechselder
von Waaren, der Beschaftenheit
des Zollwesens,
der
Handels
und Redensarte
Schifffahrt
des
und Rechnungsdes Kaufs
Märkte
two
Britische
his
being
1815;
Reisen,
p. iii)
and commercial
accounts
first
London,
matter.
Maidinger
Amongst his
the
meticulous
subject
-
Sammler"
both
took
to Shetland,
and his
tireless
and1traveller
return
actually
from Ayrshire
knowledge
Produkte,
Bezug auf
1807)
until
England,
durch
Raise
der
Waarenpreise,
the
of
contrary,
Englischen
enthaltend
Verkaufs
the
second
Correspondenz,
wesens,
to
writer
the
wrote
his
he describes,
the
In
Neueste
whether
with Britain,
(Hamburg u.
of
(1800).
Cotta,
and dictionaries.
Waaren-Encyclopädie
The title
his
to publish
deal
particular
(1797)
8 Sprachen
state
spring
unermüdlichen
he
continued
and
encyclopaedias
the
personal
rastlosen,
(1793-5),
Catholikon
im Sommer 1799 von Hamburg nach
(Tübingen,
1800).
Cotta,
Reise
(Tübingen,
a prolific
works
12 Sprachen
in
return
hauptsächlich
no evidence
observations
Nemnich
in
uncertain
places
the
before
and
einer
publishing
und Ireland,
It
in
on the
geschehene
Britain
der
der Naturgeschichte"
and on his
Schottland
1807.
amongst
Naturgeschichte
concentrating
(Beschreibung
a Licentiat
these
Waarenlexikon
p. 426),
at
encyclopaedic
of
Polyglottanlexikon
and Wörterbuch
in
known,
born
was
a journalist
as
on a series
work
und
426),
p.
He became
also
worked
begun
allgemeines
this
1764.
in
he became well
which
"ein
XXIII,
vol.
Nassau
30 had
"Reiseschriftsteller
Nemnich,
und
und
und Rhederey,
18.
der
Begebenheiten
und
Wechselrechts,
der
piece
und
catered
der
Art
no doubt
invaluable
for,
published
was
des
überhaupt
jeder
Contracts
research,
eventuality
every
wished
of
Assekuranz,
der
Insolvenz-Verfahrens
des
pedantic
See,
zur
Handlungs-Jurisprudenz
ganzen
This
Gefahren
u. s. w.
to
in
those
who
Hamburg
in
1816.
if
Nemnich was nothing
himself
prided
of
for
Britain,
interest
His
on his
instance,
in
Hamburg.
Ratzel
of
appraises
day study
his
Nemnich's
or not,
of
Scotland's
sober
social
work was used as source
He conveniently
and exhaustive
refers
to him
others
did
himself
would
more than
too,
publisher
the
have written
Cotta
for
material
even if
in
not
history.
to a present-
It
is
most likely
travellers
successors
they
foreword
did
urged
not
to the
an account
him to
the'Allgemeine
apologising
for
that
to
with
Britain.
up-to-date
acknowledge
this.
publication
of
of his
Nemnich
1800 how he
tour
British
use the opportunity
had the
to collect
Zeitung':
Aus den Materialen
aber ist ein ganzes
Stiftet
Buch geworden.
es den gewünschten Nutzen,
so ist das Verdienst
nicht
Herrn Cotta,
mir, sondern dem Urheber,
zuzuschreiben.
(Nemnlch, 13esehrei_b_ung einer
'Vorwort'
As if
journals
427)
contribute
by later
immediate
1820.
in
Spiker
and saved them much homework.
297)
and doubtless
once (e. g. Spiker,
statistics
tells
not
his
provided
an
the ADB:
researches
material
Pole
North
Nemnich war ein fleissiger
Sammler und
Beobachter
jedoch ohne
von Thatsachen,
Tiefe
Man kann ihn
und Originalität.
der modernen
als einen der Vorläufer
Publicistik
bezeichnen.
(ADB, vol.
XXIII,
p.
Original
tour
introduction!
of
and women's
periodicals
him in
second
he even published
to the
expedition
as censor
his
1200 letters
was constant;
Ross's
of
From 1819 he worked
in
lands
of
he
researches;
for
preparations
boasting
foreign
translation
edited
careful
his
in
thorough
not
any lack
of
originality
or
continues:
übrig,
Es blieb
Zeit
keine
andere
mir
Reisebeschreibungen
um die
zu lesen,
Dagegen glaube
meinige
vorzubereiten.
ich,
erfahren
zu haben, dass ain Beobachter
seine eigene Augen brauchen,
und
nicht
mit fremden sehen muss.
polish,
Reise,
he
19.
Vielleicht
wird man meine Schreibart
Ich muss also
finden.
etwas nachlässig
denn ich habe auf
bitten;
um Nachsicht
kaum einen Moment
die ganze'Arbeit
Die Beschreibung
verwenden können.
Ländern
dessen, was man in cultivirten
als jedes
gesehen hat, muss geschwinder
werden.
andere Buch, zum Druck befördert
)
(Ibid.
In these
statements
he raises
travel
literature;
his
of
instruct
that
the
at
this
expense
attitude
would
not
is
intention
a "Reiss
Nonetheless,,
have seen fit
to
and one must deduce
demand for
a work.
such
Between
his
two visits,
1805 to
spring
of
corner
of Scotland.
that
of
If
in
1806,
of
his
tours,
moving
from
there
to
the
Borders,
Fife
the
country
and Angus and up the
and from
there
to
the
Northern
Isles
is
clearly
east
North.
of
there
then
to Kinross
coast
standing
had the
toured
in
South
the
based on second-hand
not
the
every
Lothians,
West,
and Perthshire,
of
first
description
to Aberdeen
The account
argue
1799 and from
his
to the
would
was considerable
he started
then
and
a mere
apparently
that
function
inform
Cotta's
work
summer of
one presumes
order
across
that
Nemnich
the
others
beschreibung"
the
follows
and Argyll,
but
a second
been a success,
to
evidently
a publisher
publish
the
concerning
of entertainment,
rendered
"Reisehandbuch".
moot points
Glasgow,
over
and Inverness,
the
Western
information.
and
to
20,
HOLZENTHAL
information
The only
I have been able
himself
über
Briefe
1809
there
page
Fürsten
a dedication:
"Sr.
Schaumburg-Lippe
als
unterthänigst
naturally
as
Berlin
little
reveals
his
gewidmet
in
published
Holland.
but
own person,
the
and
the
emphasise
this
opportunity
had
inner
Dankbarkeit
seiner
The work
was
dated
October
'Vorrede',
presentation
he does
On the
dem Regierenden
Zeichen
since
in
Premier-Lieutenant
Durchlaucht
The
the
balearischen
Diensten.
information,
with
author
Geschrieben
Holzenthal,
ein
1817.
further
die
dem Verfasser".
von
in
concerned
soldier
und
Georg
von
which
by the
revealed
Spanien,
Frankreich,
1814
is
which
Schaumburg-Lippischen
is
von
of Georg Holzenthal
page reads:
Schottland
bis
HochfUrstlich
that
whose title
work,
südliche
Jahren
den
is
to obtain
Deutschland,
das
Inseln,
in
his
in
life
on the
in
it
of
his
the
work
him
is
author
importance
given
1816,
than
rather
his
of
role
learn
to
and
observe:
Als Militair
hatte
ich Gelegenheit
die
Länder und Provinzen
in allen
Richtungen
zu durchstreifen,
und bei Leuten von
Ständen in Städten,
allen
mehr aber noch
auf, dem Lande, mich aufzuhalten,
und
daselbst
Charakter
und Sitten
zu beobachten.
(Holzenthal,
'Vorrede')
The work
number,
years
first
the
of
letters
the
of
the
1809,
defeated
Tyrol
the
and thereafter
6th
1809,
at Mittenwald
march to Spain
and letter
describes
(Holzenthal,
by way of
foreword
the
time.
last
Vienna,
throughout
Bückeburg,
is
April
one can trace
side
of
the
as a prisoner
of
aftermath
2-6
the
he admits
The first
on the
Letters
Regensburg,
August,
In the
fighting
"Insurgenten".
of
course
intervening
in
43 in
on his
and the
those
Donauwerth,
May and July
[Vipiteno],
at
soldier,
to
sent
Tyrolean
Würzburg,
1809,
of
as an active
January
Wars.
were written
headings
presumably
Holzenthal
March,
of letters,
a collection
Napoleonic
20th
Cassel,
from
follow
which
the
all
comprises
of
the
Peasant
dated
are
how his
p. 51).
and the
dated
unit
dated
progress,
French,
Revolt
by
from
in April,
Sterzing
was surrounded
Then began the
ensuing
not
captured
Passau and Innsbruck
number 7,
that
1814;
his
war,
latter
letters
are
and
long
21.
St.
headed from Salzburg,
of
as a result
6th
the
is
from Tarragona
nine
1810.
March,
dated
and Menorca,
months
before
Portsmouth.
where
The ten
subsequent
in
months
the
letters
by boat
for
the
to
and the
voyage
of war in Scotland
as a prisoner
some
Cadiz
via
letter
from
are
were held
describing
being
The last
next
Linz
Barcelona
reached
and the
prisoners
transported
from
these
of
October.
1811,
January
being
last
the
They evidently
month and Tarragona
following
Mallorca
of
presumably
1809,
October
in
Vienna
Germany and France,
South
and towns in
Perpignan,
Treaty
the
and then,
Vienna,
Pölten,
as
are
follows:
29.
30.
31.
Am Bord des Canopus vor Cadiz, 18. Nov. 1811
Auf der Rhode von Portsmouth,
2. Dec. 1812[1? ]
Am Bord des Regulus auf der Rhode von
Portsmouth,
11. Dec.
Vor Anker in der Nora £sicc, am Bord des
Zealous,
den 24. Dec.
Hawick,
den 20. Jan. 1812
Hawick,
1. Juni 1812
Hawick,
3. Nov.
16. Dec. 1812
Hawick,
.
Hawick,
3. Juli
1813
Lin
Yarmouth,
5. Marz 1815
fact 18141
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
From Yarmouth
Holzenthal
the
then
prisoners
travelled
The Hague and
transported'to
were
Holland
through
back
to his
native
BUckeburg.
As a young
From the
respect.
hardship
German,
sailed
January
wives,
on 12th
Holzenthal
officer,
fact
one may deduce
Ist,
the
1812;
he and his
"Zealous",
on 7th
arrived
a party
began the
fellow
of
the
French
from Wincanton,
march
to Hawick
French
officers,
The boat
in
on which
Firth
with
of
and
they
Forth
on
and their
officers
were
with
to any physical
once refers
Scotland.
in
who had been brought
Holzenthal
he never
that
treated
were well
to Leith,
that
treated
was evidently
taken
a light
Worte sind zu schwach, um das Gefühl zu
das beim ersten
Tritt
beschreiben,
ans
Land mich beseelte.
Ich bildete
mir ein
frei
einige
zu seyn, als ich ungehindert
Schritte
und dabei weder von
gehen konnte,
Thüren oder den
Mauern noch verschlossenen
Löcher in
der scheusslichen
Bretterwänden
Schiffen
wurde, noch auch
aufgehalten
den
das wiederholte
God dam, go
empfindliche:
(Marsch,
down in the prison!
herunter
ins
) mehr vernahm.
Gefangniss!
(Holzenthal,
p. 202)
ashore,
heart:
and
22.
Indeed,
the march
hardship
the
were well
duties
the
who had been transported
ziemlich
loyal
the
news of
looked
from
outcome
on the
that
nation
these
a list.
his
and three
British
time
release
in
order
After
reading
in
the
had joined
the
'The
paper,
were
in
Germans remained
taub
seyn
received
(Holzenthal,
be sent
suffering
word
the
from
p.
their
necessary
sum for
February.
hard
On 21st
was set
for
Waldeck
and Schaumburg-Lippe,
from
they
in
the
in
their
twelve
date
set
out
for
on board
on 25th February
Hessian officers
met up with five
and then
in
unsre
nach wie
they
Government
in
officers
they
Lauder,
the
the
December,
of
all,
was to
after
departure
from
were issued
Edinburgh.
a Berwick
smack.
who had been
and 130 soldiers,
an
London
the
two German contingents,
the
Leith
Badajoz
fight,
home and,
return
nor
ganz dem zufolge
British
the
winter,
and two days later
passports
first
that
their
in
gegen alle
Finally,
this
neither
und blieben
waren
233).
Ambassador,
and even though
in
part
und wurden
Prince
an exceptionally
They sailed
On the boat
Wir
zu wollen.
Kriegsgefangene,
französische
behandelt"
take
Vaterland".
own sovereign
had had printed
"Man schien
custody:
but
by the
to secure
Austrian
the
any success,
to
and indig-
forthwith
their
their
of
attempts
behalf,
on their
released
vain
to
applied
met with
liberation
released
that
case which'they
Traveller',
compatriots
"an dem Kampfe Mrs
part
they
to act
their
and Swiss
Versuche
to take
Coalition,
stating
were not
the
the
end of
frustration
his
on he expresses
London newspapers
Baron von Wesenberg,
article
as the
They made several
their
1814 after
January,
he and his
that
sympathies,
changed
and the
defeat
German officers
Government.
Holzenthal's
Völkerschlacht
news of Napoleon's
the
on 9th
Hawick
the
of
From this
country.
held
their
Germans had
had naturally
own state,
he makes plain
war was confirmed,
with
them of
shared
one of
later,
two years
to his
Writing
allegiance.
vor
the
with
with
they
from
and Holzenthal
Wohnung",
gute
the war,
and of
remaining
Dutch
lodgings
their
them to choose
Hawick
reached
who told
prisoners,
physical
greatest
own compatriots.
By the
while
for
agent
town a few days earlier
"eine
quarters,
his
French
the
in
arrived
of
by the
received
of
When they
had to endure.
officers
and even allowed
Forty
seems to have been the
to Hawick
23.
three
amongst
them their
of war,
had been held
26th,
anchor
owing
off
in
valets,
Valleyfield.
who, with
7
3,000
other
Early
next
to unfavourable
winds,
the
smack was forced
Berwickshire
coast,
but
after
the
they
finally
reached
thus
been in
Scotland
Yarmouth
for
on 2nd March.
a little
over
two days'
Holzenthal
two years.
prisoners
day,
on
to cast
delay
had
24.
SPIKER
Spiker,
Samuel Heinrich
in
'
Berlin.
1814-15
he coedited
die
neueste
für
jene
the
'Journal
it
1813 to
named editor
1819.
'Magazin
15-46,
translations,
Humblot,
Berlin,
1822;
Walter
Scott,
Berlin,
matter
named by his
from
u.
16).
the
English,
His
year
verbesserte
für
own two volumed
im Jahre
Auflage"
In 1827 Spiker
'Spenersche
promoting
of
in
von
Great
a work
der
neuen Politik
1815-
published
Wales
und
1818.
Also
umgearbeitete
gänzlich
Gedike'ns
in
pre-
he was even nick-
and annotated
Leipzig
that
his
touring
England,
in
part
and for
vol. 2,1813,
"fünfte
Friedr.
des Walter
Indeed,
that
u.
englisches
u.
Lesebuch
Anfänger.
den ersten
uo gelehrten
the
Duncker
Uebersicht
durch
name
(Will.
Scott
a direct
played
Before
1,1812;
his
on several
and worked
Germany.
Historische
unterhaltenden
too
aus dem Engl.
translated
1816 appeared
he published
he also
in
and Walter
Spiker'.
officially
was not
here
edited
31.
of Scott,
in
Reise
fact
journal
but
was so great
first
entitled
(vol.
Staatsverwaltung
Schottland
that
Spiker
himself,
Britain
Scotland,
'Lord
and in
volume
He thus
and popularity
opponents
1819 to
this
Durward,
1823).
British
21 - 57 of
1827.
He had
volumes
but
to
von Afrika
Kenner
aus dem Englischen
and Quentin
things
with
occupation
edited
England
Der Pirat,
Shakespeare's
of
besten
von S. H. Spiker,
Uebersetzt
influence
the
spreading
für
of Shakespeare
1826;
Scott,
'Zeitschrift
journal
in
with
contact
Macbeth,
Berlin,
the
1813-24),
as editor
especially
Shakespeares
of
Reisebeschreibungen
Berlin,
given
had early
From
from
In addition
of Halle,
journalism.
der
the
1786
December,
in
Jahrgang),
der neuesten
officially
Spiker
17.
bis
on 24th
himself
XXXV, p. 164),
to
and librarian
University
volumes
und Seereisen'
1824 (6.
(volumes
was only
four
frequently
until
the
Auszügen'
first
vol.
Land-
für
the
at
and as "einer
(DB,
Zeit"
contributed
edited
the
Geschichte'
already
from
"Kameralia"
and soon engaging
Phil.
p. 250),
was born
Prussia,
of
He studied
Dr.
graduating
King
the
to His Majesty
"Kenner
geographer,
(Bader,
Irvings"
und Washington
Englands
journalist,
Sachen'
bought
and from
Zeitung',
things
the
British:
partly
'Berlinische
then
Nachrichten
on used the
as an organ
for
paper,
discussing
von Staatsknown as the
and
25.
zweiten
und nach gab er diesem
den
der Hauptstadt
Blatte
grösseren
liberalen
Charakter
einer
gemässigt
Dienste
deren
Zeitung,
versagte
selten
der Regierung
wegen der Unabhängigkeit
S.
des Blatts
waren.
so
schätzbarer
um
der Zeitung
bei seiner
cameralnützte
istischen
Bildung
als
vorzugsweise
Artikel
Nationalökonom
nach
und durch
Quellen
englischen
und über englische
der
Litteratur.
Kenntniss
Durch seine
Litteratur
Reisen
und der englischen
konnte
Bibliothek
er auch der kgl.
leisten,
bei der er schon
gute Dienste
her Bibliothekar
von früher
war.
Nach
(ADS, vol.
As a young man, in
1806,
'Voluntär',
Königliche
the
at
1815 until
political
trouble
the
look
he had left
to last
of
known in
his
to
it
in
and Meidinger
Beziehung
Reisen,
English
the
the
the
time
his
calls
auf
liberales
Reise
its
1835,
Friends
paper's
out-
name was evidently
read.
besonders
(Maidinger,
und Wissenschaft"
tour
the
p. 166)
Von Raumer
8
as does Niemeyer,
of
in
publication
of
The
(Ibid.
Aufzeichner,
Kunst
ten
1874.
widely
in
1858.
the
the
last
Parteiblatt"
changed
sorgfältiger
der
with
and his
May,
Spiker's
Spiker's
after
in
journals,
Wales & Scotland,
edition,
staff
im Jahre
iv).
to the
Spiker
on 24th
demise
and his
him "ein
p.
'Dedication
latter
above
England
two years
England,
its
to
Gegenstände
'Vorwort',
through
In
led
By 1848
and conflict
paper
He died
a "national-
and from
Berlin,
as librarian.
had embittered
and a new editorial
As editor
refers
into
of
and ultimately
well
in
Pertz
happy ones.
were not
was not
within
as an assistant,
in
Bibliothek
there
events,
legacy
had worked
1850 he was employed
new Oberbibliothekar
years
Spiker
XXXV, p. 165)
year
England',
Britain
was translated
as Travels
1820).
1816 (London,
Germany,
the
introduction
to
he writes:
Having been engaged for several
years in the
and
constitution,
study of the history,
literature
I felt
an eager
of Great Britain,
desire
to become acquainted
with a country
of
the internal
and improvement
of
perfection
which I had, from every thing produced in it,
the most favourable
opinion.
conceived
(Spiker,
Travels,
p. 1)
He left
Germany in
September
1815 and stayed
in
London
until
June 1816,
26.
carrying
out
Europe
in
wars
literary
field
ment's
authority
the
tour
Since
had caused
he left
he describes
Newcastle
on July
July
26th,
in
spent
Dunkeld,
Cameron Inn at
Inveraray
Killin,
then
must have stayed
that
the
celebration
Spiker's
of
stay
The translator
dated
London,
flying
in
the
Prince
Regent's
Scotland
opens
July.
the
31st,
Edinburgh,
which
at 7.
nights
take
Carlisle
thus
birthday
the
the
night
since
to the
following
part
was
the
Staffs),
August.
4th
on 12th
best
on
visited
when he arrives
lasted
with
the
18th,
on July
Kenmore,
the
over
he left
Oban (having
'Advertisement'
1820,
in
him to
Reise.
The next
in Glasgow,
nights
are
in
the
govern-
sun rise
Scotland
Mull,
would
several
two volumed
he entered
following
This
his
evening
Dalmally,
and Luse.
flags
that
and the
The
in
had his
17th, and saw the
in
next
Perth
reaching
Berlin.
communications
and Spiker
in
we can presume
the
in
to redress
many books for the library
1816 he set out from London on the
which
day or
Library
in
a break-down
to purchase
ocean by Berwick,
that
the
of
as much as any other,
Britain
arriving
on behalf
On June 16th,
balance.
of
business
He
he mentions
there,
in
August.
four
of
second
weeks.
volume,
tribute:
The Author of these Travels
was well known
to an extensive
literary
during
his
circle
in England,
residence
and was as remarkable
for the quickness
of his observations
and
the diligence
of his inquiries,
as for the
the urbanity
candour of his remarks,
of his
disposition
he
manners, and the friendly
invariably
towards this
manifested
country.
(Spiker,
Travels,
'Advertisement
by the Translator',
vol. 2,. p. ix)
27.
f
MEISSNER
There
Eduard
the
of
little
is
Meissner
other
lives
his
of
Meissner
Gottlieb
August
Gottlieb,
in
Lausitz,.
son of
in
as Canzellist,
destGemnasium
family
friends.
plays
Geschichten
p.
Instead
"bald
lator
In his
to
contributed
Eduard
himself
Meissner
with
with
the writer
Fulda
the
in
would
border
from
the
to Rome in
Norbert
own work,
England
that
fact
influences
set
that
it
it
only
und Schottland,
which
I have been able
to learn
einen
Theil
childhood
his
of
his
Eduard
Arztes
of
the
Halle
and
Bohemian
practice.
father's
tale
Meissner's
während
von Deutschland,
in
moved
on the
medical
from
was
how closely
base for
eines
was published
something
marriage
his
prove
up in
as the
is
he remained
father
be a journey
aus dem Taschenbuche
von Odessa durch
of
an
his
Teplitz,
was to
Alfred
stresses
that
to
Eduard
known to
Gottlieb
an Freiheit,
As if
that
1883),
August
until
be in
(published
He also
whose second
was to
served
and trans-
of Alfred,
it
which
moralistic
as a writer
year
von Quandt)
is
writing
Frivolität"
one assumes
Bianca,
external
were linked,
Bemerkungen
Reise
einer
the
have been Bohemian.
1810-11
Norson
the
and
mother
gestimmter
(ADB, vol. LII,
und Lust
if
field
journals.
biography
though
Gottlieb
then
Saxony,
with
Apart
Johann
also
italienisch
Lebhaftigkeit
(he had a sister,
1805,
two regions
1785,
his
that
widowed
bald
literary
in
in
P. 773),
family
his
youth
Frankel,
(Ibid.
Prague.
involved
'Skizzenmeissner'.
nickname
was born
in
with
known both
the
und Director
himself
Kotzebue'scher
various
"obersächsische
Aufklärung"
to
the
and edited
moved to Prague.
Eduard's
bis
his
as
Dresden
in
a career
from
gräcieirender,
day he was well
and earned
in
served
Literature
have sought
the
Löbau and then
as Consistorialrath
he contented
in
1785 and was offered
and Classical
probably
Wieland'scher
773).
(1822-85)?
was born
in
first
in
so much opposition
and stories,
August
As a young man he had been closely
and would
accounts
von Meissner
Having
to Austria
of
from
father,
quarter-master,
he moved to Fulda
received
son Alfred
and his
and Wittenberg.
Illustre.
withLtheatre
his
known relatives,
of Aesthetics
later
can be ascertained
which
1753 and educated
in
he travelled
years
had he not
that
life
the
concerning
available
a regimental
Leipzig
of-Professor
Twenty
than
two well
(1753-1807)
Bautzen,
a law student
post
information
Holland,
in-1819,
intervening
years.
28.
In
the
first
Hälfte
des Jahrs
1816',
planned
to publish
"eine
letzten
der
originally
After
seven months
Italy
to Salerno,
in
eight
one in
big
of
date
first
of
his
part
Russia
Working
in
in
the
book,
in
Professor
at
the
Bemerkungen,
in
on a packet
London.
It
journey
is
not
from
return
Teplitz
is
this
clear
reference
may have
just
place
Scotland
in
the
this
impart
was
would
In this-
winter
of-1816
Klinikum.
Meissner's
through-
stages
to
reference
and
experiences
at various
apparent
years
Volynien
that
medical
he spent
with
four
publish.
his
second
sight
it
but
Trossachs
fact
that
May of
back
term
in
a great
love
for
much of
this
to
Percy,
in
Scotophile
her
her
country
artistic
Scott
the
and it
from
the
Perth
birth
Bemerkungen
1818 (p. 22),
His marriage
his
to
he married
a native
is
nor
90 mile
was to
national
her
name even
through
in
Invermay
take
his
met is
detour
Meissner
known that
must
impressions
Where and how they
his
to
between
years
Bamberg in
relation
Bemerkungen,
is
coach
son Alfred's
visit.
for
that
and its
son,
-
Bemerkungen,
speculate
to Edinburgh
In
he was in
Invermay.
the
the
spent
later.
time;
in
revealed
one could
be an ardent
in
years
from where
on by stage
1817 and his
end of
been a short
At any rate,
an route.
Meissner
five
this
then
was of huge importance,
not
mentioned,
the
Holland',
durch
to Rotterdam,
and barge
where
the
'Reise
work,
to Harwich,
at
around
unfortunately
versed
boat
to
Carolina
to
is
by coach
exactly
Scotswoman,
the
he could
Magnetisches
the
of
Britain
almost
have taken
of
he could
relates
where
through
and more than
Vienna,
particular
section
he sailed
but
travelling
Highlands.
his
there
Berlin,
magnetism
describes
in
Meissner
Wolfart's
animal
The second
his
two years
than
more quickly
and also
interest
out
Tour
The information
an undertaking.
become out
in
in
months
Europa".
durch
medicinische
1809,
in
Paris
how he had
tells
Meissner
(three
Russian-Polish
of them spent
provinces
[Podolsk3,
Podolien
he had realised
Ukraine),
the
too
in
in
von Odessa nach Berlin
'Raise
the work,
of
section
reveals
wife
literature
himself
retained
and imparted
who grew up bilingual
and well
By 1822 Meissner
was established
and Burns.
as a spa doctor
in
the
by openly-supporting
anti-Metternich
groups from
he was punished
for
and buying their
newspapers;
authorities
Austria
outside
Teplitz,
although
he incurred
the
displeasure
of
29.
this
action
professional
Teplitz
town's
duty
his
escape
under
Karlovy
role
a safe
and in
as spa doctor
As regards
and Alfred
the
for
the
dominate
their
medicine,
his
poetic
the
of
a major
cause
family
own personal.
Eduard
briefly
only
his
father's
Paris
ing
and
to
only
back
to
Russell.
season
10
friend
Heine
in
his
his
in
the
father's
from
away
displeasure
close
with
by
by
home of
Alfred
then
Moritz
Hartmann
Paris
parents
on his
but
his
parents'
made a two
week
in
early
way
never
home.
his
the
He was
madelpeace
with
life
1846 but
of
to
Brussels,
with
return
to
home in
urge
him
He escaped
Lady
of
summer
his
lead-
the
spending-the
friend,
live
in
a career
in
Britain,
to
practised
Hartmann
politics.
tour
and
to help
attempts
revolutionary
to
at
contact
was
renewed
travelling
efforts
more involved
exile
Alfred
tempo-_
in
was far
close
be
only
of Moritz
self-imposed
activists,
were to
little
did
any prospect
he came into
literary
and
with
After
where
be met
medicine
father's
London
than
profession.
political
1849,
his
Vormärz
and Frankfurt,
Alfred
Heine,
to study
agree
Gottlieb's
friend
to
and son were
who graduated
As a close
as a doctor.
political
son,
sensitive
Eduard
and Arthur
mother's
Metternich
towards
his
Prague.
father,
August
father
in
leanings
political
to
Karlsbad
loved
Alfred-did
and kind
his
of
Heinrich
the
with
father
long-suffering
his
and later
between
him and his
between
antipathy
understand
in
and child,
Johanna
Although
rift
The course
mediation.
his
life.
parent
with
and subsequent
eased by his
rarily
between
differences
Teplitz
that
had become wall
can be compared
insulted
him and he was forced
In 1835 he moved into
relationship
felt
been grossly
He now settled
time
the
evidently
became clear
for
abode
a short
there.
Meissner
Schopenhauer,
of
reputation,
hopes that
the
having
but
cholera
spa's
Meissner
case.
protection.
military
Vary]
up in
home, it
his
place
matter
a
the
with
the
of
the
of
was over
out
evidence
interest
facts,
the
publicise
by a crowd who surrounded
was no longer
the
an isolated
remain
to
first
was to hush the
policy
would
in
Teplitz;
reached
outbreak
it
In 1830 the
authorities.
epidemic
the
matter,
fell
he finally
that
however,
It
surveillance.
police
and came under
William
Scotland
of
1850
seventeen
father.
his
with
and
visited
more
Fränkl
years
writes:
30.
Altliberale
der
auch zu
vormärzlich
-War
wenn auch
conservativerern,
wesentlich
Standpunkte
keineswegs
singereactionärem
so hätte sich hier gewiss noch
schwenkt,
Alfred
Waffenstillstand
mit
ständiger
ein
die Tagespolitik
zumal dieser,
ermöglicht,
der Revolutionsflamme
beim Erlöschen
mit
der Rückkehr aus dem Auslands
an den Nagel
hängend, künftig
nur mehr in erfundenen
Erzählungen
ausseine Freiheitsgedanken
Aber über die Entgleisung
strömte.
Stammim einzigen
Lieblingwahns,
'seines
Berufs
halter
einen Erben des einträglichen
aufwachsen
zu sehen, kam Dr. Eduard Meissner
ihm dies nie;
um
nie hinweg und er verzieh
so weniger,
als von den litterarischen
Bergen, die sich der Sprössling
goldenen
haben mag, nichts
war.
ausgemalt
zu verspüren
(ADB, vol.
LII,
p. 777)
Eduard
had retired
in
1850's
the
lish
is
to
never
more irked
have
he was not
from
can be seen as a frantic
1869,
to
for
son happily
1868.
August,
whose blackmail
suicide,
ultimate
in
and settled
married
was
the
with
of Alfred's
cause
to estabEduard
association
(1825-95),
Hedrich
direct
on 15th
he died
son's
output
attempt
support.
parental
by his
been the
see his
from
Franz
and unpopular
thought
but
the
literary
and Alfred's
practice
independence
of
all
unscrupulous
his
and 1860's
some sort
doubtless
from
Father
Bregenz
and son were
reconciled.
'Reise
Bemerkungen,
section
of Eduard Meissner's
(pp. 48ff. ), is followed
'London'
by sections
durch Holland'
entitled
(pp. 180 ff. ),
(pp. 88ff. ),
'Edinburgh'
'Reise nach Schottland'
The second
),
(pp. 200ff.
On Ist
and,
short
making
then
to
In all
the
last
few days of
and from
by Forres
night
in
the
July
granted
Nairn,
thus
Glen More to
way there
abandoning
he visited
his
original
and
month of August
by steamer
to
through
and Creran
Inverness.
him a few days as a house guest
and on the
weeks in
Edinburgh
Trossachs,
Etive
to
Sheffield,
Birmingham,
travelling
Lochs
(pp. 229ff.
journey
his
visiting
and the
and the
and on to Oban, across
and on through
Oxford,
first
Highlands,
to Callender
there
and Ballachulish,
invitation
of
of
he was to spend eleven
and September=
tour
Hochlande'
die
stage
in
an route
July
spending
Inveraray
first
between
on a pedestrain
Allos
durch
on the
out
stops
Durham and Newcastle.
Scotland,
'Fussreise
1817 he set
July,
Scotland,
finally,
at
Gleneroe
to Appin
A chance
Brodie
Cawdor and stopped
plan
of
travelling
Castle
over-
).
31.
north
into
through
the
further
south
instead
of
travelling
in
to
order
Dumbarton
Clyde,
himself
to
Grampians
Blair
on to
going
straight
there
by way of Crieff,
be able
to enjoy
he reached
and only
then
a passage
some more weeks in
the end of October.
leaving
After
Ross-shire.
Edinburgh,
the
could
Trossachs
took
returned
to
on a smack from
and Perth
not
he moved
and,
resist
Loch Earn and Loch Lomond,
Glasgow,
London before
Atholl
Brodie
once more.
a steam boat
Edinburgh,
Leith
returning
trip
where
to London.
to the
From
down the
he secured
He spent
Continent
at
32,
MEIDINGER
Johann Heinrich
was born
of
the
in
in
back
from
Britain
several
and author
(1756-1822).
Maidinger
in
teacher
1825 to 1826.
Irland
und
he was in
1815 to 1817.
to
occasions
In
the
the
spent
France
Isles,
foreword
to
his
eldest
Johann
1813 to
from
took
durch
him on
and from
Grossbritannien
he writess
Auf diesen Reisen habe ich mich bemüht das
in allen
Theilen
grosse Inselreich
auf das
kennen zu lernen,
genaueste
und vielen
aufzusuchen
was ausser meinem Wege lag,
und mir bloss zur Vervollständigung
einer
Topographie
dienen konnte.
Ich
richtigen
dabei nicht
versäumte
meine Beobachtungen
mit denjenigen
zu vergleichen,
welche
frühere
Reisende,
sowohl englische
als
deutsche,
Sehr häufig
vor mir gemacht.
fand ich grosse Lücken,
ja die östlichen
Grafschaften
und südlichen
von England,
den grösseren
Theil
von Schottland
und
Irland,
die beiden,
und namentlich
an der
Küste der Normandie liegenden,
interessantInseln
Guernseycrd
Jersey
en englischen
(diese
Miniaturbilder
von England)
noch
in allen
gleichsam
eine Terra incognita
deutschen
Reisebeschreibungen.
(Meidinger,
Reisen,
'Vorwort',
Of the
German works
Spiker,
Otto
On his
the
study
of
strength
of
amongst
these
einer
before
1815 and
1820,1821,1824
Reisen
son
Valentin
abroad
years
business
in
and merchant,
the
grammar,
several
Thereafter
British
writer
1792,
November,
a French
of
Meidinger
Frankfurt;
travel
geographer,
am Main on 13th
Frankfurt
French
settling
Maidinger,
Reise
he refers
and Niemeyer
geography
the
Nemnich,
Goede,
all
discussed
(Ibid.
to Germany Maidinger
return
this,
are
to,
and statistics
including
several
two under
discussion
England,
durch
Sommer 1820 (Cotta,
Stuttgart
Das Britische
in
devoted
Schottland
pp. iii-vi).
free
time
many works
on Britain
here,
Schopenhauer,
his
and wrote
p. i)
and matters
on the
British,
Briefe
von
im Frühjahr
und
namely,
und Irland
to
1821)
u. Tübingen,
and Reisen durch
(Frankfurt
Grossbritannien
Irland
He also pubu.
am Main, 1828).
lished
(Frankfurt
Die Britischen
Colonien
in Australien
a. M., 1860),
in
geognostischer
Reich
Europa. (Leipzig,
und hydrographischer
1851),
Beziehung
England
und Wales
(Frankfurt
a. M., 1844)
33,
and even a German grammar for
in
1839,
ing
the
English
The German Self-Teacher,
German Language.
knowledge
both
The Briefe
are
N. G. Eidi, off,
deduce
English
the
and of
to his
addressed
in Weilburg.
The first
the
fourth
from
1820,
the
sixth
and Derby,
in
June,
from
dated
April
May, the
dated
from
Edinburgh,
Glasgow
dated
July
1820,
letter
and Dublin,
from
written
this
first
Berwick
in
stay
Cheviots
the
country
Scotland
Hamilton
He then
detailed
orks,
Maidinger
took,
and instead
country.
In
Reisen,
the
gives
Edinburgh
there
from
with
foreword
to
work,
the
eleventh
from
and fourteenth
final
August
1820.
During
knowledge
journey
coast
up the
in
no little
him to
of
the
from
detail,
of
city
bound for
compared
with
any journeys
description
dated
of
Glasgow,
Loch Lomond and
Clyde,
can be directly
this
and Newcastle
to have gained
down the
a topographical
Lincoln
from
and thirteenth
and Glasgow,
accounts
and fifth
Liverpool
June 1820,
itself
introduced
sailed
which
dispenses
his
Edinburgh
Dunbar,
between
from
Professor
,
from
written
Bristol
and the
he appears
Lothian
from
In his
from
twelfth
July,
are
London once more and dated
and two excursions
Palace.
the
dated
also
and East
and through
Leith,
1827,
and ninth
tenth
he had intimate
and seventh
eighth
the
Ballimoney
the
dated
study-
friend
three
1820,
radically
language.
childhood
London in March and April
Norwich,
that
London
in
published
or a new mode of
One can thus
Britain
of
speakers,
of
Belfast.
Nemnich's
he underthe
Frankfurt
whole
am Main,
he writes:
Da ich ...
während meines mehrjährigen
Aufenthaltes
in England,
bei meinen
Verbindungen,
Reisen
vielen
und häufigen
von einem Ende des Landes zum andern,
so
Vieles
Gelegenheit
hatte
zu sehen, zu
hören,
zu vergleichen
und zu berichtigen,
auch ein anderer nach mir dieses im
Ganzen kostspielige
Land nicht
so leicht
wieder in die Kreuz und Quer bereisen
(denn der blossen Wissenschaft
dürfte
wegen,
hinüber),
gehen wenige so anhaltend
so
halte
ich es für meine Pflicht,
dasjenige
was ich
nicht
mit mir begraben zu lassen,
fast überall
mit eigenen Augen gesehen,
und gewöhnlich
an Ort und Stelle
gleich
habe, glücklich
niedergeschrieben
wenn ich
dadurch mehr Licht
in die
und Aufklärung
dunkle und unbezur Zeit noch ziemlich
Englands bringe.
stimmte Geographie
(Meidinger,
Reisen,
'Vorwort',
p. vi)
34.
Despite
the
"gewöhnlich
indeed
visit
überall
"fast
an Ort
those
and observations
mit
eigenen
und Stelle"
Augen gesehen"
one must presume
he describes.
places
interspersed
throughout
that
Several
the
text
and the
he did
personal
would
comments
confirm
this.
Heinrich
Maidinger
died
in
Frankfurt
on 21st
May, 1867.
35.
OTTO
Dr.
St.
May, 1795.
Lebrecht
Traugott
father
was serving
first
as garrison
the
at
University
winning
a university
following
Isles
travel
account
1823,
autumn of
Privatdozent
at
1813.
the
his
in
after
his
and from
Forensic,
Anna Elisabeth
four
he died
the
his
field
concerned
journal
of
with
subject,
Journal'.
Medical
In his
had observed
instance,
work at
travels,
an article
1825 a report
entitled
on the
treatment
time
collection
university's
Museum of Phrenology.
himself
less and less able
of
criminals'
in
his
skulls,
to
fit
that
Glasgow'
Britain.
and also
which
he donated
in
later
with
a
years,
the
Journal',
Medical
he
which
for
and in
He wrote,
career
In his
work
'Edinburgh
'Philadelphia
i
chiefly
edited
December 1824,
syphilis
much throughout
and published
in
by
were largely
and Physical
'Galehospitalet
of
a large
he made use of
publishing
her
lay
lectures
the
and even the
a large
finding
Medical
thirty
He had married
years'he
to
of
for
interests
a number of
'London
this
Arzt
1879.
Otto's
contributing
the
he became
he held
1825 he published
and for
Repository'
on his
April,
on 24th
travels,
and in
also
1825.
professor
1840.
in
From 1822 to 1826 his
Journal',
'London
his
phrenology
phrenology
on the
Phrenological
edited
from
return
two-
March 1827 and survived
in
Copenhagen
Phrenologien.
entitled
the
in
which
a post
Consistoril
(1802-75)
Friis
years;
After
in
Assessor
becoming
the
1825 "constituirter
Pharmacology
also
France,
to Copenhagen,
return
medicine
an extensive
Hamburg in
In 1832 he was appointed
years,
in
in
an den Strafanstalten".
and Medicine
Hospital,
Italy,
in
from
studies
Frederiks
he describes
he published
attended
Borgedyd/School,
Switzerland,
which
but
and
Otto
1822 he undertook
which
his
Thomas,
1817 and graduating
in
Germany,
University
birth,
capital.
During
candidate
From 1819 to
and Holland,
Vilhelmine
on St.
the
of
doctor,
Otto's
of
the
1810,
from
medal
traversing
British
In the
gold
island
to become Kammerrath
in
as medical
year.
'Studienreise',
volumed
later
from
time
officer
medical
and then,
school
1817 to 1819 he served
the
At the
Communitäts-Cassirer
Basedow's
studying
the
Otto
1800 he moved to Copenhagen,
Universitäts-und
West Indian
Danish
He was the son of the
(1766-1827)
and Albertine
(1772-1844).
Conradi
Frederikke
on the
was born
Thomas on 20th
Johann
in
Otto
Carl
amassed
to
while
modern
the
36.
he devoted
medical
world,
writing
two autobiographical
his
increasingly
time
which
works,
Freemasonry,
to
1873 and
in
were published
also
1879.
Otto
lation,
did
Julius
to Danish
inability
from
his
in
his
to cope with
his
of
was a result
(Hirsch,
Idealismus"
personal
trans-
he moved.
To
writing.
modern scientific
loyalty
unbending
vol. IV,
character
Danish
in which
circles
years
"naturphilosophischen
no way detracted
the
himself
Otto's
in
German and then
in
spoken
he restrict
later
in
first
being
Petersen,
in his
thought
travels
languages
both
Only latterly
Dr.
his
wrote
p. 460).
to
This
in
however:
and achievement,
Er war eine interessante,
ästhetisch
begabte Persönlichkeit,
die durch die
Lebhaftigkeit
ihrer
und Vielseitigkeit
Interessen
ihrer
wissenschaftlichen
Zeit eine ziemlich
hervorragende
Rolle
im dänischen
Geistesleben
spielte
...
(Ibid.
p. 460)
Otto
in
his
Reise
britannien
methoden
und übrige
too,
the
on other
Denmark via
April,
of
detail,
letter
form.
figure
public
Holland.
The first
a letter
from
the
took
William
Highlands,
Killiecrankie
and caught
with
Augustus
from
via
3rd
time
some comments,
is
the
that
dated
Edinburgh,
from
Before
Perth,
14th
in
is
This
some
through
Inveraray
to
up Loch
passing
he travelled
arriving
to
Highlands
year.
Staircase,
to
trip
return
and Loch Lomond,
From Perth
London.
Edinburgh,
to
of
like
Devil's
Belfast.
in
trip
July
Rothiemurchus
to
the
and Loch Fyne,
the
was published
Edinburgh
the
Dumbarton
and Dunkeld.
he had apentaconsiderable
with
dated
to Cairndow
steamer
and Oxford,
May, while
to
and through
the
London,
including
Heil-
Switzerland,
Paris,
he describes,
Glasgow
and Fort
Atholl,
Volume one deals
Dublin
which
him from
Inverness,
Länder
letter
18th
Spitäler,
auf
Zustände dieser
itinerary,
'Gross-
Frankreich.
Rücksicht
Wales
Dublin,
on this
places
Italien,
two concerns
and volume
Highlands,
Ness to
ferry
liked
and well
besonderer
medicinische
second
in
Schweiz,
mit
Glencroe and Glenfinlas
Fort
a respected
die
1822 and the
described
tour
in
and France
Glasgow,
durch
und Holland
two volumes
Italy
time,
day.
Otto's
in
his
was a man of
to
Blair
Queens-
in Scotland,
37.
LÖWENTHAL
1799,
April,
7th
cousin
(1803-91).
von Löwenthal
distinguished
Kammerprokuratur,
the
Postdepartement.
the
remainder
Ministry
in
career
the
was instrumental
in
Russia,
the
setting
for
a system
his
country
That
of
at
Berlin
world
the
but
writer
as the
interest
than
inspiration
for
she met in
1834 and with
his
breakdown,
mental
Despite
wards.
were
even to
poet
until
his
1829 and together
salons.
Poesie"
pursuits
(Kasch,
1850,
to
they
Löwenthal
his
Sophie
life
the
in
II9
1566),
p.
not
and published
1868,
he was
for
his
so much as a
(1802-50),
whom
close
death
contact
until
years
after-
ten
and vanity
devotion
Viennese
allen
a varied
to
the
even after
Löwenthal
literary
Gattungen
was involved
later
which
faithful
had married
leading
in
plans
Paris.
in
honours
Lenau
him with
"Dilettant
vol
in
she remained
nursing
one of
himself,
his
down the
1872.
on 12th July,
(n6e Kleyle,
1810-89),
selfishness
asylums.
ran
2nd edn.,
throughout
until
Lenau himself,
in
he had been committed
of
who had suggested
Congress
husband,
whom she remained
allegations
death
her
Nikolaus
and indeed
come from
Vienna
Sophie
wife,
and the
1863 he was to represent
many other
in
and at
and 1860's.
1850's
lay
to
later,
years
He died
country.
of more literary
and 1850's
the
Postal
and five
In many ways Lbwenthal's
is
in
and in
International
signed
Postverein
Congress
He was to receive
his
to
Postal
many countries,
agreements
1840's
the
he
secretary
with
was Löwenthal
communication,
he was ennobled
services
1851 it
in
first
Freiherr.
links
treaty
Telegraphenverein
a European
up of
year
created
in
in
and telegraph
As a senior
at
founded
newly
1857 and was
Deutsch-Österreichischer
Deutsch-Österreichischer
At a conference
the
postal
communication
and France
the
of
1866.
in
Government
Switzerland
many conferences
formed
a newly
negotiating
Austrian
the
representing
of
for
administration
postal
1849 in
from
working
the Ministry
within
in
in
1835 in
and from
Hofkammer
remain
he travelled
to embark on a
he became Ministerialrath'in
where
Generaldirektor
department
the
Vienna
Freiherr
From 1823 he served
service.
1825 in
on
Johann
Vienna
to
and returned
civil
career,
Law in
studying
He was to
his
of
the
from
Trade,
of
appointed
with
Europe
Vienna
and diplomat,
general
After
throughout
extensively
the
of
in
was born
von Löwenthal
Freiherr
Maximilian
der
in
selection
literary
of
in
38.
works,
occasionally
travel
Skizzen
account,
the
under
dem Taoebuche
aus
Grossbritannien
und
Deutschland,
1825,
and
drama,
to
poetry
Scottish
respectively,
(1841).
Anna Lovell
Geistesbildung
idealer
(cisterr.
Lenau,
ment with
the
the
wife,
Löwenthal
It
poet.
is
Viennese
to note,
Walter,
Therese
in
sich
Abwendung von
angriff"
his
Despite
was known to
himself
interesting
born
bewahrte
allgemeine
294).
V, p.
vol.
court,
"Löwenthals
Persönlichkeitskultur
und hoher
Lex.,
Biogr.
denen er die
in
with,
tragedy,
II's
Bbck and Hanus,
to
plays
iambic
Charles
at
des Geisteslebens
an Werten
Aussagen,
zeitkritischen
of
According
Anteilnahme
echte
comedy set
in
Vienna
the
the
Frankreich,
durch
in
mention
influence,
English
and the
can
one
which
his
from
Reise
einer
was published
which
of
and
(1826),
Die Caledonier
Leo Walthen,
pseudonym of
involve-
wife's
friend
be a close
future
Pulszky's
too, -that
was friend
Lenau
to both
and L'dwenthal.
Something
literary
His
Siebenkäs,
just
Klingemann
Paul
is
his,
constant
in
Scotland
"erhabene
Ossian
an enthusiastic
the work
to set
curious
of
Burns,
eyes on the
a fine
emphasising
instead
that
impressions
as they
struck
attempts
of
scope
to
comment only
Set
personally.
against
piece
the
equal
or approach
learning,
the
born
but
French
of
in
the
either
contemporary
comprises
the
which
is
his
position
vol.
i,
of
or biased.
events;
Löwenthal
and was extremely
He in
towards
antipathy
as a "Feind
science
This
him
the
French.
franzbsischer
he cannot
art
him plenty
leaves
or impresses
interests
p. vi);
short
of
a collection
This
no way
Skizzen,
his
in
time.
philosophy,
become acquainted
Scott.
literature
achievements'in
spheres
lacking
work
on that
Kunst
to
and
L'dwenthal
p. 80).
was excited
Jean
Satyrs"
Witz,
ii,
vol.
view
and
Menschlichkeit",
Genie,
Walter
of
this
der
"Naturdichter",
him at
foreword
French
fan,
celebrity
his
he states
(Ibid.
Philosophie"
und
In his
"Schärfe,
as a true
create
to
as a "Mahler
(Skizzen,
und Gefühle"
Mendelssohn
In Lbwenthal's
later.
years
includin9
qualities
Gedanken
was also
with
seven
his
was Jean Paul's
tour
British
was to accompany
by Shakespeare
equalW only
many fine
on his
Flegeljahre
and
political
comments he makes in
from
companion
as the
and his
character
can be deduced
outlook
Skizzen.
Löwenthal's
of
attempt
to
or practical
and poetry
anti-French
was a Catholic
he finds
feeling
is
and a Royalist,
39.
to Protestant
opposed
He writes
too
fond
of worthless
too
full
of
side
their
Later
in
the
ledge
especially
Oxford
Homer,
of
Germany (Ibid,
which
Skizzen
comprises
took
Scotland
North
to his
Lowenthal
evidently
some time
before
From Carlisle
back via
the
journey
through
was granted
the
small-
their
knowconcerning
to
cart,
Saxony
an audience
in
Dr.
Loch Lomond,
to Calais.
travel
by Goethe
the
(Ibid.
the
Grampians
vol. ii,
of
via
up
to
York
by means of
On his
and steamer.
through
Falls
William,
to London
He journeyed
boat
rowing
and Carlisle.
and Fort
he returned
places
Oban, Staffa,
Inverary,
and through
Müller.
he stayed
other
New Lanark,
Ben Nevis
and
is
Friedrich
Liverpool
Manchester,
and
Netherlands
where
amongst
through
describing
The work
to London,
on to Gretna,
he wasto
Paris,
visiting
Thereafter
England
and Prague.
on alone
Inverness,
second
the
His
journey
his
through
tour
European
of wider
and Germany.
London through
to Glencoe,
and crossed
simple
his
England,
Dumbarton,
and Edinburgh.
coach,
out-
amd 197).
above all
concerning
Dresden
Birmingham,
Canal
and Cambridge
stage
touring
Ballachulish
Caledonian
Perth
travelled
Britain
first
and companion
he travelled
Glasgow,
worlds
at
despite
and London and the
via
Berlin,
friend
Stratford,
Oxford,
the
London visit,
Saxony,
dedicated
other
same attack
heads
their
pp. 203,180
who,
France,
Paris
to
to Vienna
and return
Germany,
Clyde,
him through
his
i,
June 1822 as part
in
two volumes,
of
of
knowledge,
general
Scotland
Germany and France
remainder
in
Literatur",
vol
much the
small-minded,
pp. 59-60).
toured
travels
the
lacking
are
French
ignorant
"Magisterchen",
dons,
vol. ii,
Löwenthal
South
he was to level
work
of
and too
Germany (Ibid.
Romanticism
and Bonapartists.
the
"aergerliche
and trivial
outmoded
own,
mindedness
as home, and finds
"Deutschland"
of
liberals
the
and to
stringency
Weimar,
where
pp. 231-4)'.
return
he
40,
SCHINKEL
The life
and
and
documented
discussed
are
on 13th
as
at
archdeacon
as
and
Schinkel
Dorothea,
here.
His
father,
the
her
and from
Gymnasium.
reports
pupil,
durch
die
but
four
1797 he was to
be so excited
the
following
Oberbaurath
from
return
Schinkel's
however
at
lost
the
David
was only
29
completing
in
commissioned
1800,
Aged 19,
at
the
his
to
five
by Fürst
Heinrich
projects,
XLIII
that
also
too,
the
year,
father,
Gilly's
became
relationship,
for
Friedrich
with
died
Schinkel
after
was faced
but
for
architect's
he,
This
months
In
plans
1798,
for
where
On Friedrich
two years,
Schinkel
unfinished
him.
friend.
only
had married,
were exhibited
end of
last
Wanderungen
Kloster.
young
a
was not
Berlin,
Lilly's
the
with
independence,
personal
Gilly's
study
and also
mother.
of
to
to
town's
shy and given
and fond of all
daughter
zum grauen
which
scientists
to become
the
Schinkel
to
a
mother,
of
attended
Schinkel
he applied
Gilly,
teacher
age of
prospect
year
Great,
a 'Kunstreise'
fruitful,
his
the
fight
the
both
older
years
including
musically
by Friedrich
six
to
(Fontane,
gifted
the Gymnasium
monument to Frederick
that
Schinkel
13-year-old
who served
who was later
to
date
Neuruppin
family
children
her
in
Schinkel's
death,
LIV,
which
that
only
Neuruppin,
Künstlernatur"
After
he attended
years
helping
as a child
extremely
the
moved with
while
vol. i, p. 112
theatre.
especially
Dorothea
that
echte
temper,
of
her
born
died
Rose,
here
Mark Brandenburg',
to outbreaks
art,
"eine
before
a distinguished
moved with
"Predigerwitwenhaus",
life
town,
husband's
Valentin
chemist,
facts
those
was
vol.
well
Kuno'Schinkel,
of
much
came from
Fontane
the
he caught
After
guardian,
model
Johann
destroyed
who herself
Schinkel's
Schinkel
been
only
his
concern
in
a chill
which
home.
included
and
length
of
fire
Mendelssohn,
superintendent
a result
devastating
which
any
tour
1781.
March,
later,
the
Scottish
his
(ADB,
has
Berlin,
classical
As with
as
Jahrhunderts"
neunzehnten
much of
elsewhere.
to
pertain
of
creator
des
Schinkel,
Friedrich
Karl
of
Architekt
"bedeutendster
p. 17)
career
not
only
the
many of which
had
with
job
the
of
had been
of Reuss-Schleiz-Köstritz,
41.
time.
at this
much hospitality
(and Fontane and Waagen, both
This early work is seen by critics
1850's,
in
Scotland
the
to
are amongst
visit
were
of whom
whom Schinkel
from
Schinkel's
was to enjoy
to working
In addition
his
passed
from
Baron
from
the
Eckardstein
latter's
was to make three
first
a pedestrian
architect,
Steinmeyer,
and was to
take
Sicily
and back
to give
his
from
and medieval
after
Berlin
time
geführten
wie
der Jahre
1803-5
to
return
tunity
for
Berlin
01,
vor
Bilder
artist,
worin er
...,
und Interessanteste
(Fontane,
entrollte"
Susanne
that
year,
painting
with
the
Friedrich
fast
vor
1809,
cycle
Court,
especially
Queen,
then
p. 19).
oppor-
Schinkel
years
lived
Landschaften
das Schönste
der Welt
Augen seiner
Landsleute
demanded his
further
It
and artist.
Luise,
saw the
then
married
remained
in
was also
exhibited
in
Akademie
oil
close
Crown Prince,
1811 he was made a member of the Berlin
and in 1815 raised
to the rank of Geheimer
in
Since
was little
appointed
IV.
dem
perspektivisch-optischer
a family
the
in
Zeichnungen
In 1810 Hardenberg
Wilhelm
words,
hochpoetische
on Schinkel
with
which
In 1809 Schinkel
18).
cit.
the
and from
ten
den staunenden
as a painter
that
next
Teilen
aus allen
op.
occupation
there
Zyklus
reichen
buildings
Rose gerichteten
war,
"grosse
need to support
and his
continued
the
and
scenes
entworfenen
with
was
Romantic
Reisedarstellung
(ADB, vol. LIV,
producing
jenen
allem
.
der
Art
dies"
and for
an architect
landscapes
Classical
Sicherheit
coincided
The journey
for
Vormund Valentin
bestätigen
on to Rome and
In Vallentin's
style.
und die
eminenter
mit
as a landscape
in
darüber
May 1803 to March 1805
and painting
the
and fellow
friend
to Paris.
attraction
for
later
an seinen
Tagebuch,
his
his
his
and Vienna,
sketching
than
products
'Kunstreisen',
from
a visit
shows his
rather
were so to influence
damals
for
scope
for
extensive
was to last
which
a salary
Charlottenburg.
company of
to
ruins
Aussprache
the
to Prague
this
"deine
in
tour
him south
him ample
work
in
factory
had
receiving
and designs
drawings
for
earthenware
Schinkel
the
and was already
and
styles.
Schinkel
buildings,
on Gilly's
'Conducteurexamen'
and English
French
by more fanciful
influenced
greatly
idealistic
to be youthfully
biographers)
critical
contact
later
him Assessor,
der
Oberbaurath.
Künste
During
42.
these
he had covered
years
designer
After
and was famed,
the
his
of
remainder
life.
Fontane
points
to
ture
is
almost
entirely
this
respect
the
In 1819 Schinkel
in
Mitglied
the
Schinkel's
on London
Ministry
tically
their
of
for
last
months,
five
friends,
Kerll
Gustav
Friedrich
travel
afforded
even at
the
and 1824,
of
discussions
undertook
the
with
Wren
Schinkel's
Fontane
Having
he travelled
the
that
writes
of
of
the
pen could
mentioned
enthusias-
the
In
plans.
journey,
he enjoyed
and
during
year,
theatre
Italian
especially
technischen
and Architecture
who was to write
second
but
der
Akademie,
man, whose artist's
table.
Fontane
on Berlin
Mitglied
Berlin
and on which
Waagen.
tea
great;
one man and in
of
The following
the
of
his
and Brandt,
the
were
for
whose architec-
Christopher
Arts
Trade,
and met Goethe,
1824 Schinkel
for
both
der Akademie.
to Jena and Weimar
predominantly
pp. 120-1).
he became professor
which
by Sir
sets.
he was to work
as a city
influence
was created
des Senats
to work
by the work
and
theatre
achievements
Berlin
of
influenced
1,
vol.
subsequent
uniqueness
mark left
his
was as such that
His
he compares
very different
(Fontane,
Ibid.
Deputation
he was able
however,
once more and it
as an architect
the
1815,
peace of
as a painter
for
things,
other
amongst
of work
area
a wide
which
was to
two
company of
his
biographer,
release
which
never
be idle,
two journeys
of
1820
continues:
Wir verweilen
bei einem in
aber lieber
Begleitung
seines Freundes Beuth im
Frühjahr
und Sommer 1826 nach Paris,
England und Schottland
hin unternommenen
Ausflugs,
diese
weil wir in den speziell
Reise schildernden,
ziemlich
reichhaltigen
Briefen
und Blättern
am meisten Frische,
Behagen und gute Laune und das reifste
Über Dinge und Zustände zu finden
Urteil
" Die Schilderungen
glauben.
sind von
Präzision.
einer merkwürdigen
(Ibid.
vol. i, p. 123)
Fontane,
diaries
who was writing
were published
and Scotland
Turner,
"der,
ebenso
vielen
(Ibido
vol.
highly.
wie
p.
in
after
1862-3,
Schinkel,
125)
ein
and adds:
the
Schinkel's
es verstand,
ganzes
Schinkel's
praises
He compares
Punkten
i,
shortly
mit
Landschaftsbild
letters
letters
from
sketches
zwölf
and
to
Strichen
zu geben"
England
those
und
of
43,
Ebenso scharf
aber, wie er zu sehen verstand,
wusste er auch zu
und zutreffend
so scharf
Bemerkkritischen
kurzen
die
und
urteilen,
England-Briefe
diese
durch
die
sich
ungen,
hindurchziehen,
sind von höchstem Interesse.
in der
Sicherheit
Diese
Ruhe
und
...
der Dinge ist es, was diesen
Betrachtung
Alles
Reiz verleiht.
Briefen
einen solchen
Grosse, Reiche, Schöne findet
eine willige,
aber
zugleich
nirgends
mäkelnde Anerkennung,
diese Anerkennung
ein unerschüttersteht
liches
das sich nicht
Urteil
zur Seite,
beirren
noch
und weder durch Scheinkünste
lässt.
durch Massen oder Zahlen imponieren
Schinkel
diese Reise
selbst
später
zählte
Erinnerungen.
zu seinen liebsten
(Ibid.
i, pp. 125-6)
vol.
Fontana's
own values
As to Schinkel's
Kugler',
him as being
handsome,
fine
his
of
the
shining,
expression
was serious
He normally
Wäsche".
Fontane
Fontane
refers
to Waagen for
"An die
Spitze
der
stelle
ich
an account
zahlreichen
seine
Vorzüge
hohe sittliche
describes
well
Although
and his
and gentle
quotes
own
complexion,
hair.
wore a blue
then
his
not
movements
and "jederzeit
overcoat
Kugler:
Wenigen Menschen war so, wie ihm, des
Was in
Gepräge das Geistes
aufgedrückt.
Erscheinung
seiner
anzog und auf wunderbare
Weise fesselte,
darf man nicht
eben als
Schinkel
der Natur bezeichnen.
eine Mitgift
war kein schöner Mann, aber der Geist der
Schönheit,
der in ihm lebte,
war so mächtig
so lebendig
nach aussen, dass man
und trat
diesen Widerspruch
erst bemerkte,
wenn man
Besonnenheit
mit kalter
seine Erscheinung
In seinen Bewegungen war
zergliederte.
um seinen Mund
ein Adel und ein Gleichmass,
Stirn
eine Klarheit,
auf seiner
ein Lächeln,
in seinem Auge eine Tiefe
und ein Feuer,
dass man sich schon durch seine blosse
Erscheinung
Noch
fühlte.
zu ihm hingezogen
grösser
aber war die Gewalt seines Wortes,
beschäftigte,
wenn das, was ihn innerlich
unwillkürlich
auf seine
und unvorbereitet
Lippen trat.
Ibid.
Franz Kugler,
quoted by Fontane,
pp. 128-9)
Naturells
are
He himself
man.
silver-grey
curly,
both
gives
and healthy
of medium build
and elastic.
weisseste
Fontane
appearance,
s impressions
slim,
to his
suited
as a traveller
here.
unmistakable
and Franz
judgement
and critical
of
vol.
Schinkel's
dieses
reich
Würde,
i,
characters
begabten
seine
seltene
44.
Kraft,
moralische
seine
1832 Schinkel's
After
journeys
annual
to
the
health
health
he was not. to die
although
in
his
The travel
three
four
major
are
foreign
journeys
to
für
duties
vol. iii,
Handel
Peterwitz
7th
of
from
Lomond,
from
(Ibid.
from
Caspar
vol.
left
they
England
Paris
in
(see
on
two days later
pp.
154-5).
On
from
p. 154).
Gross-
The three
to Oxford,
Birmingham,
Sheffield,
Wentworth,
Edinburgh
and visited
on 4th
and 5th
New Lanark
July,
and the
on to Glasgow on 6th, spent
on next day by a combination
to
Cairndow
Dumbarton,
Balloch,
and Inveraray.
on
by Graf
of Justice,
footnote
zu
and York
were joined
Minister
ii,
been in
ii,
vol.
Leicester,
and cart
Loch Fyne,
Wilhelm
who had
Beuth,
to Dover
and Beuth
to Lanark
coach
Schinkel
1826".
Manchester
June and travelled
Leek,
"Tagebuch
und Direktor
p. 139).
(Ibid,
They were in
stage
Tarbet,
in
he wrote
heading
Peter
friend
Calais
travelling
of Clyde before
July in Glasgow and travelled
steamer,
during
wrote
posthumously
im Jahre
Together
Prussian
the
coach
the
under
had previously
Schinkel
by Breslau
Leeds and York.
Falls
trip,
"Spitfire"
son of
stage
Schinkel
The letters
footnote
pp. 139 & 144).
Newcastle-under-Lyme,
the
rank
which
close
to Schinkel
London on 15th
took
highest
und Gewerbe im Finanzministerium
vol. ii,
of Scotland
Dankelmann,
left
his
May, 1826 and sailed
tour
1838 the
Geheimer-Ober-Finanzrath
on the
H. M. Steam Packet
the
In 1830
und England
"damals
1823 and had written
21st
rapidly,
1841.
were published
three
volume
with
(Wolzogen,
business
deteriorate
in
Britain
der Abtheilung
Berlin"
and
October,
von Wolzogen.
and in
(d. 1853),
Beuth
and journals
nach Frankreich
travelled
and necessitated
"Kunstreise
volume two under the title
bis
und England (Briefe
an seine Frau vom April
1826)"
Reise
Ibid,
Ibid
Oberlandesbaudirector.
letters
published
nach Frankreich
August
9th
and in
profession,
by Alfred
volumes
Britain
der
Fontane,
Kissingen
began to
until
he had become Oberbaudirector
attainable
was poor
Marienbad,
spas of
From 1839 his
Karlsbad.
his
by
quoted
und
p. 130).
i,
vol..
(Waagen,
Herzensgüte"
ausserordentliche
Selbstverleugnung
seltenere
noch
Loch
Another
45.
cart
was hired
Iona.
they
whom they
Berlin",
a Swiss
Staffa
and Iona,
they
and the
Schinkel's
on by steamer
the
catching
in
had met a certain
"Herr
Swiss
stage
where
next
twelve
Liverpool,
London,
out
Schinkel
Wales,
they
in
spent
Bristol
was back
in
the
voyage
to
by the
overland
the
night,
three
sailed
before
They had
to London
and Bath.
Berlin
company of
the
days and returned
aus
the
July
day to Manchester.
and
Oban, where
to return
On 14th
had come.
coach
for
company again
man set
Dannenberger
After
Oban.
they
day to Staffs
once more in
in
steamer
to Glasgow,
been in Scotland
Manchester,
next
parted
party
and on 11th
continuing
were to encounter
on the
gentleman
Dannenberger
stay
to Tobermory,
In Glasgow
Oben on 9th
them on to
take
by steamer
sailed
route
to
After
via
a further
on 22nd August.
46.
MOSCHELES
I have
little
dwelt
firstly
two reasons,
it
foreign
as a regular
in
resident
Britain,
as Mendelssohn's
Edinburgh
and meeting
Ignaz
Hälfte
Prague
a keen amateur
still
alive,
after
his
Moscheles
father's
a living
for
himself
studied
with
Salieri.
concert
tours,
time
and teacher
friend
Hamburg
early
.
They met in
Ist
Aachen,
Paris
beginning
teacher
life
and,
merchant,
father
Prague,
but
advice
of
travel
was
shortly
friends
and in
abroad
the
he
on many
Grand
on a longer
1820 he toured
1824 he visited
for
Berlin
Mendelssohn,
tour
to make
years
from
1816 he embarked
On a concert
whose
to Hanover
London,
in
at
England
early
Edinburgh
in
arrived
and'
both
1827;
to Bremen,
at
as a composer
in
the
was soon to be-
London Academy of
"Anticipations
in
tours,
popular,
Germany and Austria
and toured
was to go down so well
ever
Britain,
the
they
where
He gave concerts
soloist.
his
began on concert
Moscheles,
teach
to
cloth
For, three
fifteen-year-old
finally,
(he was to
he-composed
returned
was born
he was to learn
and Holland,
together
after
and as a concert
which
344-5),
1825 he was to meet his wife,
Embden.
Charlotte
Hamburg in the middle of January and were married
on
sought
and elsewhere
der ersten
his
the
where
of
on the
in
of May 1825.
come greatly
of
in
stay
year.
in
musician.
autumn
he became.
Their
March.
his
of
While
lessons
Vienna,
autumn
and met the
importance
great
pp.
followed
mother
In the
of
a Jewish
1808.
piano
Dresden
and London.
first
XXII,
1815
From
he
began
to
year accepting
an invitation
Leipzig,
eventually
Claviervirtuose
son of
in
as a serious
In the
visiting
the
boy away to
that
Duke in Weimar.
his
he would
following
the
(ADB, vol.
received
death,
young
he is
bedeutendste
who died
musician
the
to Paris
"der
and,
be classed
must have had some bearing
May, 1794,11
and sent
tour,
Scott
Jahrhunderts"
on 30th
that
and knowledge
and Klingemann
Moscheles,
des 19.
knowledge
and mentor
with
alone
hardly
could
Nonetheless,
teacher
of Mendelssohn
visit
the
little
with
Edinburgh
to
for
by 1828 he was a permanent
since
visitor,
to Germany to live.
return
in
Moecheles
Scotland
to
visit
tour
was a concert
and more importantly,
secondly
1828
on Moscheles'
Music
Dublin,
in1826,
and
from
1825)
Liverpool
the
year
in
of Scotland",
two years
that
year
the piece which
12
later.
HS'
Karl
Klingemann
and
47.
Heinrich
Heine
were frequent
London and both
in
arrived
of
guests
the Moscheles'.
Moscheles'
and two children
set out for Edinburgh.
John Sinclair
an hour.
they
The recitals
in
often
in
was to
the
England
and lessons
to London
Mendelssohn
for
in
over
the
twenty
Mendelssohn
to move to Leipzig
the
Playing
direction
of
September
the
death
only
to
travel
Although
importance,
at
until
remaining
tours,
fill
the
his
readily
with
only
post
and fit
before
admitted
as a German influence
in
his
the
by
of
1846
Mendelssohn's
and in
'Elijah',
oratorio
death,
London
Germany
In August
for
until
that
remained
Professor
of
Mendelssohn's
shock
to Moacheles,
of
prospect
he lived
Nonetheless,
guest,
he was persuaded
together
of
active
two guineas
visiting
Conservatoire.
the
Leipzig
a few months
he himself
after
was to come as a great
to move to
for
Moscheles
moved to Leipzig.
as a colleague.
death,
Neukomm.
Birmingham
family
and Sir
and was a frequent
Finally,
performance
later
a year
Mendelssohn
his
first
Moscheles
who had agreed
until
were in
the
year
on concert
and Composition
two musicians
that
to
Scott
and
The nineteen-year-old
years.
intermittently
Street
Frederick
soon began to weigh. on him and
composer
and Austria
Piano
an
given
lessons
piano
February.
London
reach
company of
ladies
in
Walter
He visited
concerts.
and gave Edinburgh
returned
a concert
a house
They rented
gave three
Moscheles
began with
1828.
Next day he and his wife
on 2nd January,
(the elder of whom, a boy, they were soon to lose)
in Liverpool
route
to Scotland
visit
the
on in
end.
on 10th
Leipzig
He continued
March 1870.
he was no progressive,
between
1824 and 1846
was great:
In London war er nicht
nur der "prince
des pianistes",
des
sondern Beherrscher
Allee
ganzen Musikreiches.
ging durch
Rath und
seine Härcb, jeder wollte
Hilfe
von ihm und sein Haus war der
Sammelpunkt nicht
nur aller
zureisenden
berühmten Musiker und Sängerinnen,
aller
sondern auch der Vereinigungspunkt
anderen Künstler.
(ADS, vol.
XXII,
pp. 348-9)
his
48,
MENDELSSOHN AND KLINGEMANN
MENDELSSOHN
a)
is
There
little
Felix
as that
of
Zelter,
paraded
of
him at
however,
in
born
4th
journey.
1847,
November,
moved when Mendelssohn
Under
the
Zelter,
of his
guidance
travel
the
for
in Weimar,
purposes
the
of
and his
on
family
the
he was raised.
teacher,
the
his
wide
of
was
Leipzig
where
that
many aspects
from which
here
in
Berlin,
old,
years
parents
was one of
education,
classical
was in
was four
giant
on aspects
1809 and died
it
the
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy
Felix
February,
although
too,
comment,
Ludwig
Jacob
Hamburg on 3rd
may be recorded
with
known
so well
whose teacher,
before
twelve
age of
facts
Certain
easy reference,
Scottish
the
a life
of
"Wunderknabe"
the
Mendelssohn,
himself.
Goethe
details
need to give
influential
and varied
he emerged an accomplished
all-
rounder:
Er war keine Oberzeitige
Treibhauspflanze,
die nur nach einer Seite sich hinneigt
und
Leben in phantastischer
von dem wirklichen
Bildung
Unter den kräftigsich abtrennt.
Schwimmern, den geübtesten
sten Turnern,
den gewandtesten
Reitern
sehen wir den
lebensfrohen
Jüngling
in Keckheit
nach dem
Preise ringen.
(Schmidt,
vol. L, p.
"Erziehung
This
vol. III,
Deutschen,
the
von harmonischer
sociable,
leading
cultured
ease and regularity.
these
one of
the
to
and his
the
of
for
this
in
friend,
also
was to mastermind
Berlin
for
several
the
London
Ignaz
15-year-old
visit
in
years
his
this
senior,
to Scotland
1828 to
serve
was
in
1824
mother
recognised
two were
reception
his
two years
was during
Moscheles,
Mendelssohn's
enthusiastic
began
moved with
boy and the
Throughout
of
time
who,
in
1829.
in
the
in
where
Moscheles
he owed to Moscheles,
and it
Berlin
fields
lessons.
life.
In 1827 Mendelssohn
university
left
Fanny
life
household,
by Mendelssohn's
an overwhelmingly
and much of
mentor.
other
pianist,
sister
friends
he was to receive
England
The virtuoso
talent
extraordinary
become firm
and artistic
and was asked
guests
Felix
to give
literary
in
Grossen
happy
by the
Mendelssohn
and wealthy
personalities
(Die
Universalität"
p. 153) was completed
680)
friend
with
in
and
at the
studies
that
career
he met the
Moscheles,
Karl
Hanoverian
Klingemann
Legation.
49.
Between
them,
discussed
who had already
of
himself;
he did
this
his
making
In a letter
to
the
visit
to Scotland
success,
7th
June,
musician,
a letter
in
to England
May.
promote
April,
Towards
to Scotland.
north
Mendelssohn
to
on 21st
arriving
travelled
and Klingemann
of
20-year-old
in London on 30th
as conductor
family
urged
to come over
astounding
with
Mendelasohn
his
1829,
March,
debut
and of July
the
intended
his
26th
to Klingemann
1829,
and Klingemann
Moscheles
writes:
As soon as I find some peace and quiet,
I shall
write
whether here or in Scotland,
bagpipe
things,
and the Scottish
various
in vain ...,
does not exist
(Quoted in Selden-Goth)
is
There
of
course
as far
vain
as Mendelssohn
these
since
year,
and France
letter
as well
the
of
(quoted
die
glücklichsten
dass ich
doubt,
provided
the
the
'Hebrides
Overture'
Encouraged
Sonata'.
by no lesser
1842,
he played
highest
the
behaglich
(Quoted
of
for
circles
spring
of
year
that
and Albert,
1832,
in
the
in
twice
year
Britain
year:
and the
is
in
death
own famous
which
a letter
ä
und wo man sich
son eise fühlt,
in Die Grossen Deutschen (1956),
p.
Scotland
ist
160).
music
'Scottish
the
but
also
was to
1837,1840,
in
1847.
tour
mother
Haus,
Buckingham
It
of Scotland,
he moved in
to his
freundliche
some
'Scottish',
public,
1833,
of his
shown in
the
Mendelssohn
ease with
"Das einzige
in
the
British
and the
without
deep impression
fantasy,
minor
und
have provided
symphony,
the Queen made her
Victoria,
in
F sharp
...,
Klingemann's
yet
to be found
is
A minor
the
Victoria
and lastly
the
or not,
the
of
proof
by Moscheles
in
days,
must also
nature
and the
many times,
1842,1844,1846
was in
him,
than
persons
England
of
Scotland,
p. 41).
Welt"
die
gefolgt,
so schnell
einander
most unpleasant
pleasant
in
sind
(Ibid,
Undeniable
inspired
country
beauty
too.
whether
the
the
some of
happiest
the
Lebens
davon bin"
and the
made on him,
in
months
in
Hinaustreten
erstes
In a
he describes
1830,
January,
Switzerland
England.
of
world
that
travels
Italy,
Germany,
as "mein
Tage meines
betaubt
wie
companionship
that
of
his
Monate
und bewegtesten
p. 42), "die buntesten
(Ibid,
"die unangenehmsten
noch erlebt"
p. 41),
adding,
ich
visit
6th
in
even so one could
of
musical
live
not
in Wolff,
die
of
Moscheles
previous
but
him through
did
bagpipe
highlight
the
as the welcoming
to Charlotte
events
tour
took
also
the
was concerned,
Scottish
the
call
scarcely
that
evidence
musical
the
Lea
so recht
Palace. "
50.
Even on his
first
visit
attended
a ball
given
that
rigours
of
the
Scottish
the
Devonshire;
Duke of
by the
he had
twenty-year-old,
as a precocious
small
wonder
seemed so harsh.
tour
On his
to his
in two letters
Weimar and describes
to Germany he visited
(24th and 25th May, 1830) how he had had to tell
family
Goethe
all
return
Scotland,
about
and how the
the
poet's
house,
he had played
the
Scotch
Sonata
in
Mendelssohn
1843,
the
the
of
patronage
1842,
in
the
of
Saxony,
and who,
in
1844,
Carl
company of
Mendelssohn
and even the
had finally
completed
1843,
Mendelssohn
Generalmusikdirektor
by the
same year,
In 1842 he had already
Merits
on Mendelssohn.
Leipzig
Cade,
in
promoting
which
was his
period
While
returned
of
it
visit
harboured
may, the
portrayal
doubt
that
visit
visit
both
his
in
of
the
1829.
in
as it
his
it
own,
musical
and artistic
talents
of
IV.
Pour le
order
in
was involved
Danish
Niels
composer,
Cade's
music
this
of
best
the
others,
rather
due
partly
realisation
a youthful
and enjoyed.
of Mendelssohn's
composition.
suited
he never
have been that
may also
but
experienced
the
the
That
Wilhelm
Friedrich
was no doubt
was for
out
of
of
young Mendelssohn,
but
brought
thoughts
aus Ossian'.
This
elsewhere,
title
the
amongst
moved the
dream of
composition
young
since
to Scotland
which
13
minds.
their
Mendelssohn
"Nachklänge
was not,
willingly
honour
time
the
here
deeply
engagements
holiday,
carefree
interest
in
Prussia,
the
music
composition
his
after
Scottish
a long
of
Scotland
to pressing
the
is
At
the
1843,
had been given
conferred
him Kappell-
Symphony,
Scottish
of
In
was under
with
possibly
very
in
King
it
himself
travel
would
Overture
Hebrides
at
too.
own country,
who had created
Carus,
Gustav
a party
at
Konservatorium,
King
the
in his
by royalty
Leipziger
the
day,
alone all evening and had included
(Alexander,
p. 6).
recital
was fOted
when he founded
meister
in
his
next
a Scottish
Seine Musik im Ganzen drückt
einen
nicht
durch Kämpfe errungenen,
sonderneinen
von
Anfang an gegebenen Frieden
aus, nur
diesen entwickelnd,
so sehr auch hochStimsentimentale
und weltschmerzliche
der Zeit der Eichenmungen, der Richtung
dorff,
Lenau, Geibel entsprechend,
in den
meisten Werken sich zeigen mögen.
(ADB, vol. XXI, p. 343)
and
Be that
as
nature
There
tours
is
no
51.
The Mendelssohn
helping
being
the
ready
the
Mendelssohn
for
our
the
both
which
composer
it
here
purposes
and letter
as tourists
and Klingemann,
also
at wielding
Mendelssohn
remembers
forgotten,
in
skill
mutual
but
is
writers,
significance.
of
Karl
Klingemann
an der Leine
and left
for
time
spare
Hanover,
near
Friedrich
sexton,
Paris,
the
Kanzlist
on 25th
September,
und Sekretär
Legation.
Although
of
son Karl
Joachim
Moacheles
and later
also
reveals,
the
pages of
Schleiermacher,
of
course,
Limmer
of
being
over
Legationarath
Klingemann
the
made
moved in
Chopin,
the
and Klingemann
Mendelssohn
Hanoverian
not
circles
and as his
Wilhelm
von Meisenbug,
teenage
prodigy
jointly
received),
himself.
Die gesellschaftlichen
Beziehungen
zwischen
Deutschland
und England waren in der Mitte
das vorigen
Jä hrhunderts
ohne Zweifel
lebendiger
als in unseren Tagen (14).
Englische
Einrichtungen
und Verhältnisse
dem kleinlichen,
kümmerlichen
erscheinen
Wesen im deutschen
Vaterlande
gegenüber
in glänzendem,
Lichte,
vorbildlichen
und
England war das gern aufgesuchte
Ziel
für'
deutsche
Staatsmänner,
Gelehrte
und Künstler.
Der briefliche
Nachlass Rasens (15)
(LoIN)
the
London visitors
Sullivan,
Malvida
until
Geheimer
at
Klingemanns'
1827 he was
35 years,
and academics,
artists
clerk
In his
summer of
for
and
schoolmaster
later.
He was first
Freiligrath,
Stockhausen,
Kantor,
the
by such names as Arthur
(whom Mendelssohn
and,
In
1862.
a diplomat,
Ferdinand
of
village
while
he remained
but
von Humboldt,
small
two years
Berlin
statesmen
book were graced
Conrad
Christoph
the
son of
1822.
where
Registrator
the
university,
in
London,
to
Carl
In 1816 he became registry
to
moving
he attended
transferred
the
Klingemann.
extraordinairer
death
Ernst
was born
on 2nd December 1798 in
Klingemann
only
their
seiner
KLINGEMANN
b)
his
letters,
lively
the
for
only
Wirkung
son and brother,
their
reveal
is
poet
not
elektrisierende
of
posterity
importance,
were of
of
recipients
Although
and Klingemann
who are
p. 330)
and Klingemann
pen.
both
too,
bezaubernde,
(Ibid,
Mendelasohn
the
"die
to create
Personlichkeit"
for
family,
Josef
Ignaz
52.
bedeuteine Fülle
und Klingemanns
enthält
Stellung
samer Beziehungen,
und Klingemanns
in London machte ihn je länger
je mehr zu
deutscher
Geselligkeit.
einem Mittelpunkt
Wie manchem deutschen
hat er die
Künstler
Wege geebnet,
und eine Empfehlung namhafter
Landsleute,
die England kennen lernen
wollten,
sich an die andere.
reiht
(FMB/KK Briefwechsel,
p. 19)
Of the
works
in
produced
Klingemann,
the
Mendelssohn
and accompanied
are
the
perhaps
Mendelssohn's
particular
of
'Das Lied
of
'Doppelbriefe'
Klingemann's
'Scottish'
household
Schönheit
Lebenserinnerungen,
not
who did
ness
fully
between
to write
the
the
pp.
for
son's
his
words
346-7),
and
Mendelssohn
Carus
of which
Klingemann
Yet as an artist
friend.
It
and this
resulted
1837 when Mendelssohn
two in
libretto
his
this
appreciate
In his
unable.
by Mendelssohn,
schon in voller
(Carus,
"
Genius!
p. 55). "
up to
match
in
so früh
ein
erschlossener
vol. IV,
possibly
not
poem, set
in the
performed
,
Scotland,
and writing
Felix
with
and one thinks
years
FMB/KK Briefwechsel,
from
return
"War doch jener
musikalischer
early
poems went well
aus der Fremde'
on the
exclaimed,
could
(see
these
by
'Knittelverse',
Klingemann's
in
and
illustrated
by Klingemann's
compositions
the'Heimkehr
Scotland,
from
most charming.
von Macleod'
by Mendelssohn
collaboration
'Elias'
was Mendelssohn
in
wanted
some cool-
Klingemann
felt
and Klingemann
himself
once more:
Sein allzeit
Ratgeber und
getreuer
ist KlingeBeurteiler
verständnisvoller
Fragen stets
mann in künstlerischen
gewesen, aber zu den vom Freunde erhofft
Leistungen
hat er sich nicht
auf-en
schwingen können.
(FMB/KK
The
'Heimkehr
together
and
Klingemann's
the
one
Fremde'
is
1837 was also
the
death
of
wife
even 23,
and it
it
year
step
1845,
was to Sophie
op.
67.
work
to
produced
Mendelssohn
Mendelssohn's
Friedrich
Sophie,
that
marriage
and of
Rosen.
It
who was to
when Klingemann
Rosen that
It
they
all.
friend,
sister,
in August
ohne Worte',
of
last
thanks
at
both
close
the
is
remembered
mutual
much younger
Klingemann's
his'Lieder
their
was
that
say
can
poetry
Rosen's
not
der
aus
p. 27)-
Briefwechsel,
was
become
was 47 and she
Mendelssohn
had been during
the
dedicated
university
53.
days in
Berlin
Perhaps
Klingemann's
the
that
Mendelssohn
Rosen,
house in
household
and artistic
elite;
Mendelssohn
family:
and Mendelssohn
Klingemann
in
London was modelled
Berlin,
a meeting
something
intellectual
for
place
after
owed much to the
Klingemann
certainly
had met.
Besonders wichtig
war es für den jungen
Zeit
dass sich ihm in dieser
Klingemann,
Haus öffnete
das gastliche
Mendelssohnsche
mit dem zehn Jahre
und zu der Freundschaft
der Grund gelegt
jüngeren
Felix
wurde.
fällt
Der Altersunterschied
zunächst
ist
durch
die
ins
Gewicht
und
entschieden
Reife Mendelesohns
frühe geistige
nicht
So
brachte
ausgeglichen.
vornherein
von
Reise
auch erst die gemeinsame schottische
des Jahres 1829 das "Du" und den vollends
Ton der Briefs.
vertraulichen
(Ibid,
p. 5)
Klingemann
corresponded
between
the
not
with
only
to
to
The itinerary
from
the
the
Felix,
two young men which
and originality
ascertained
was a friend
letters
whole
but
brought
from
of Mendelssohn's
the
places
Edinburgh,
Edinburgh,
Abbotsford,
Blair"Atholl,
Tummelbridge,
Hebrides,
Hebride",
"Auf einer
Glasgow,
Glasgow,
Glasgow,
Glasgow,
Liverpool,
and dates
it
family
Mendelssohn
was the
happy
so much extra
and
friendship
vitality
Scotland.
and Klingemann's
given
in
the
tour
can be
letters:
28th July,
1829(written
by FMB)
30th July (FMB)
by FMB)
31st July (KK, postscript
3rd August (FMB)
(FMB)
August
3rd
evening of
7th August (KK)
7th August (FMB)
10th August (KK)
11th August (FMS)
13th August (FMB)
14th August (KK)
19th August (FMB)
54.
HORN
Wilhelm
1803,
the
son of
the
Charite
for
Ernst
his
brother
in
Franz
Ober-Präsident
Ernst
Horn's
Provinz
Berlin,
Wilhelm
ultimately
thus
he studied
doctoral
in
Erlangen,
year
Heidelberg
after
Medical
lieber
Faculty
he was to
for
on a European
Berlin
(published
a further
tour
study
he published
as a "Habilitations_schrift"
the
Medical
his
tour
Ungarn,
in
Faculty
was described
Holland,
Rücksicht
Armenpflege
from
auf
Physicus,
a post
later
he had taken
Krankenhaus
in
a history
of
Reise
durch
which
1681-2
Institute,
in
Plague
Berlin
Kreis-
he published
in
Halberstadt.
Erfurt,
Berlin
to the
Polizei-Präsidium
the Medicinal-Collegium
der
the
the
in
the
Ministerium
as Geheimer
Medicinalrath,
directorship,
medical
and then also of the
first
and seven
and
Brandenburg.
Medicinaland then,
of the
Pharmaceutische
after
Charite
Ober-
In
as Geheimer Ober-Medicinalrath.
management of the mental wards of theCharite
in
1856,
Provinz
der
of
und Irland
to
to
to
Deutschland,
Medicinalrath
1851,
over
the
year
The remainder
were published
1840, during
Italy,
that
time
Examinationscommission
1860 he took
him access
und naturwissenschaftliche
until
to
concerning
he held
first
over
he embarked
Returning
Grossbritannien
volumes
and the
Berlin
as Königl.
From 1849 he was active
Angelegenheiten,
work,
Beitrag
ein
the
1828,
year,
gained
Frankreich,
was transferred
made a member of
from
his
he had pub-
1825),
in
findings,
travel
In 1840 he moved as government
years
1827,
In 1831 he moved to Halberstadt
things
other
his
in
whose four
u. s. w.,
of
in
a prize
as Privatdocent.
medicinische
Even before
two years.
and this
the
From 1822-27
Heidelberg
Berlin
Italien,
1831-33.
amongst
in
part
Rath.
Medicinal
des Menschen,
That
more than
of
1806 he worked
Berlin.
Berlin
receive
paper.
1830,
in
in
in
Braunschweig;
and Berlin.
in
1865.
in
Geheimer
den Geschmackssinn
desselben
graduating
in
years
who was to become
and from
of
family,
and literary
writer
native
rank
was published
a treatise,
Pathologie
his
the
at
and practice,
ennobled
Erlangen
then
formative
dissertation
lished
zur
his
writings
and a brother
in
attaining
spent
his
was a learned
started
1804 he moved to Wittenberg,
in
and psychiatrist
Posen, were both
career
February,
was a distinguished
for
Wilhelm
two sons,
der
It
Berlin.
(1781-1831)
Horn
and his
professor
known both
Horn was well
on 17th
Braunschweig
doctor,
military
Krankenhaus
historian
in
von Horn was born
55,
Krankenhaus,
became
which
of
the
editor
öffentliche
to
for
his
and 1863).
journals
and
aus
wasjas
his
that
a civil
1864
Horn
had
contributed
other
Quellen
amtlichen
however,
servant,
works,
dargestellt
(1858
and not
as an
lay:
Bei einem ungewähnlichen
Grade von allgemeiner Bildung
und Gewandheit verstand
er es, alle
seine verschiedenen
amtlichen
Stellungen
Weise zu repräsentin glänzender
iren und lag demnach, da er während seiner
Laufbahn als Medicinal-Beamter
zu einer
keine
Thätigkeit
streng
wissenschaftlichen
Zeit
fand, darin auch der Schwerpunkt
Bedeutung und seines Wirkens.
seiner
(Hirsh,
III,
vol.
p. 299)
Horn died
on 19th
Horn's
tour
of
the
first,
visit
Europe.
1828,
and the
second
visited
Italy
1832,
dates
was only
Of the
volumes
four
1831,
in
when he visited
from
October
and France.
he was in
Britain
1828 to
Volume
travel
account,
April
Hungary
three,
to
and Holland,
which
when he
was published
end of March
1830,
the
The fourth
volume
is
and Ireland.
pages 1-
his
November 1829,
the
in
an extensive
of
the months
Germany,
and was published
main sections,
part
of
covers
November 1829 to
covers
supplementary
three
1871.
to Scotland
published
October,
in
January,
1833.
Volume
290 describing
three
England,
has
pages
290 - 394 Scotland
and pages 394 - 463 Ireland.
The book is
filled
detail
with data and scrupulous
and was no doubt of much
in the medical
contemporary
value to Horn's colleagues
and
scientific
his
completing
travels
on 7th
colleague,
they
Dr.
had decided
publication
this
professions.
After
German-speaking
April,
Adolph
studies
in
1828 in
the
Friedrich
return,
Berlin,
countries,
Before
diary
and Horn's
For two months'they
visiting,
Horn set
company of
Funk.
to keep a detailed
on their
undertaking.
his
Reise
is
other
off
on
friend
and
departure
a. view
travelled
amongst
his
their
with
he
und
Veterinär-Medicinalwesen
service
greatest
in
and
gerichtliche
amongst
published,
Medicinal_wesen
It
so much,
career
)
edn.
and Das preussische
in his 3'chicvemonts
lot
academic
done
für
Throughout
medical
Das preussische
had
father
'Vierteljahrsschrift
Medicin'.
several
(1857,
his
the
to
result
through
places,
of
the
56.
Prague,
Leipzig,
Dresden,
Karlsbad
and Marienbad.
they
Lombardy,
until
from
June.
November.
He stayed
that
his
14th
travelled
ill
and forced
the Channel,
in
ten seeks
Hungary
they
brother
two weeks in
Birmingham
Dublin,
and Oxford
Horn returned
in
travel.
on alone
to Paris,
November,
joined
once more
on through
the
to
return
at
during
home to Prussia,
death
friend
of
his
much hospitality,
despite
and on the
mangelhafte
Funk.
other
Kenntniss
only
Netherlands,
Alone
home.
the
and of
which
time
he
on the
der
alone,
p. 6)
visiting
on 26th March, 1830
Minden of the recent
London
to learn
In Britain
being
to London
He left
an route.
and returned
sehr
remained
was dying
dann]
des Dr.
ging ich in Begleitung
über York nach
Danyau Sohn, aus Paris,
Edinburgh,
wo wir während 3 Wochen
vollauf
zu thun hatten
und ein wahrhaft
Leben führten,
glückliches
und nach
Glasgow, von wo wir eine kleine
Fahrt in
die schottischen
Hochlande machten und
nach Dublin überschifften.
(Horn,
'Voruort',
-vol. i,
tions,
and
Cambridge:
visited
After
October
of
where
presumably
London,
spas Teplitz,
beginning
Italy,
Horn to
until
they
was taken
Horn crossed
once more,
April
21st
the
of
south
home, leaving
Together
Funk himself
the
and the
moved on to
Funk learnt
There
so he returned
he stayed
they
from where
down to
March 1829.
by Funk in
where
From June until
Vienna,
travelling
Berlin,
where
in
stayed
and Salzburg,
Munich
in
Horn was to
one hand having
be thankful
only
for
a few introduc-
hampered
by his
self-confessed
Sprache"
(Horn,
'Vorwort',
"so
vol. i,
p. 6).
57,
RAUMER
The historian,
May, 1781 in W8rlitz
11th
1793 when he was sent
home until
law
his
beginning
agricultural
title
having
But,
the
all
fascinated
still
idea
of
former
earnest,
in
to
the
Domänenrath
the
in
Middle
of
him into
his
furtherance
of
duty
was not
which
France,
seven
estate,
for
at
the
after
rest
Scandinavia,
Constantinople
1811 to
of
marrying,
Napoleonic
his
life
Britain,
were
Greece,
his
soon after
Wars that
to take
North
as
himself
this
to continue
the attention
him,
even taking
kleine
Staatskanzler".
encountered
disengage
himself
of
in
He remained
Breslau.
despite
von Gärschen
the
to
become professor
of
employed
opposition
able
stage
he immersed
who adopted
the University
years,
Louise
until
in
at
He gained
and the
reform
in
studies
as an
and was able
him and he was eventually
for
It
state
to his
this
1806-8,
Potsdam.
the
relish
an avid
Raumer became known as "der
with
and
He was already
While
work.
von Hardenberg,
not
historical
marriage
from
moved him to
Staatswissenschaft
that
his
Heiligenstadt.
and returned
1805.
in
work
dismissing
home;
government
of
first
researcher,
post
disillusioned
Breslau
Heiligenstadt
Königswusterhausen
But involvement
from
his
Staatskanzler
the
in
he earned
of'history
he did
pursuits,
Ages and Stauferzeit
work when his
own studies
Here he began his
Berlin.
and industrious
in
as Assessor
publishing
obstacle
his
pursued
by more cultural
a career
post
while
to become
which
in
home
at
months
and Steuerrath
und Domänenrath
years,
May 1798,
Berlin
Kammer, after
der kurmärkischen
Kriegs=
of
to
five
for
in
six
spent
returning
was taught
Berlin
Halle
of
He then
before
matters
bei
Referendarius
1801.
in
Georg
Friedrich
in
on
and who became
estates
school
University
the
at
to Göttingen
and moving
studying
studies
to
was born
a farmer,
son of
who managed the Wbrlitz
Kammerdirektor
in Dessau in 1796.
fürstlicher
the
the
by Dessau,
von Raumer,
Friedrich
at
Georg von Raumer,
Ludwig
Friedrich
former
his
repudiation
arrival
there.
he began his
him many times
America
to
and even
and Smyrna:
Diese Reisen gingen zum Theils
aus der
Beweglichkeit
Natur,
seiner
merkwürdigen
Zwecken
zum Theil
aus wissenschaftlichen
und endlich
aus
aus dem Bedürfnisse,
travels,
Italy,
58.
Anschauung Menschen und Welt
eigener
kennen zu lernen,
hervor.
Von fast
diesen Reisen hat R. je nach ihrer
allen
Veranlassung
Beschreibungen
und Berichtdie sich
erstattungen
veröffentlicht,
durch ihre Wehrhaftigkeit,
die Unabhängigkeit
seines Standpunktes
und eine gesunde,
Beobachtungsgabe
oft scharfe
auszeichnen.
(ADB, vol.
XXVII, pp. 406-7)
1819,
In October
Staatswissenschaften
far
better.
the
six
the
with
its
of
interest
kind
in
the
the
Middle
first
Briefe
und 17.
Jahrhunderts
to his
Geschichte
dem 15.
in
1832,
his
indeed
research
his
in
1841.
to
visits
England
Beiträge
seit
was a disappointment
history,
zur
neueren
französischen
Beiträge
Raumer was a tireless
lectures
learned
his
at
the
findings
were
that
rousing
zur
the
Kenntniss
In
albeit
on his
This
which
success
of
volume
1836-39,
began to appear
the
Hohenstaufen
he could
after
his
he published
to
und
Italy
of
on by some of
took
in
and
as a result.
1841 he began a series
frowned
visit
his
aus dem britischen
Italiens
return
his
In 1836 he published
third
travels
can
And even if
In 1839 he travelled
In 1844 his
der
1835 and 1841 proved-that
Europas
worker.
in
returning
year.
on Britain.
from
Geschichte
published
in
the
in
visits,
Singakademie,
colleagues.
with
it
Erläuterung
zur
Jahrhundert,
adding
Reichsarchive.
his
published
whilst
and effectively.
1835,
these
Between
work
after
Britain
thoroughly
im Jahre
keeping
school
to Paris,
visit
aus Paris
be seen as a forerunner
Europas
fame;
appeared
Ages.
his
des 16.
in
of
years
the work was the
engendered,
Raumer's
and assured
1830 and publishing
it
came
finally
But whatever
criticism
and opera;
many long
so much was it
the
of
he doubtless
after
him
suited
Rector
theatre
Hohenstaufen
Romantics.
In 1827 Raumer made his
Geschichte
the
much approval,
of
both
of
he was
but
becoming
of
In 1825,
of
which
teaching,
Singakademie
history
to and whatever
adhered
first
Zelter's
volume
preoccupation
his
a post
shown by his
Mendelssohn.
and was greeted
Berlin,
famed for
as is
Raumer became professor
He was a devotee
for
young
the
work,
in
1822.
in
enthusiasm
across
and History
and honoured,
University
his
Breslau,
He was never
respected
in
to leave
glad
his
him to America
1845.
Despite
popular
and
critics,
59.
Raumer became a popular
Stadtverordneter
and did
himself
He endeared
65.
Even during
to his
until
1860,
which
were published
in
"Kein
Whatever
his
question
widely
in
read
into
im Jahre
English
1835,
his
the
in
1842;
there
the
is
translated
above,
that
text
original
that
saying
in
the
he would
ring
to-finance
from
high
his
in
letter
in
'Herr
with
the
zur
reign
Elizabeth
and of
the
Elisabeth
refers
ch.
und Maria
to it
LXXV, ii,
in
his
p.
five
parts
his
work
the
before
Austin)
Mr.
and that
Spring
debt
Rice,
refer-
American
the
and Schottland
Rice
by Raumer dealt
European
only
to Spring
(Leipzig,
England
that
1835
any statements
concerns
noting
(Sarah
Chancellor,
Stuart,
295),
im Jahre
projected
Geschichte
of
the
Indeed
Thus Raumer had approval
survey
Of the
A. '
and verify
was an extensive
to
1836).
Raumer writes
that
John Murray)
M. ' (presumably
Government.
neueren
jointly
translated
letter
'Mrs.
from
check
and the
this
in
London,
John Lee,
in
was already
from
personally
Independence.
Raumer
1836;
London,
England
of
1836-9),
of
p. 414)
XXVII,
1841 were translated
in Germany (England
Philadelphia
translation
assurance
Beiträge
Mann
and teacher,
former,
the
places and he acknowledges
17
(p. vii).
foreword
The other
here,
to write
unvergesslicher
Augen. " (ADB, vol.
John Murray,
of
60th
he had spoken
that
the
edition
a letter
she had received
memoirs,
ein
publication
was completed;
he has received
he began his
by H. Evans Lloyd,
published
the
was not
He continued
im Jahre
by Sarah Austin,
evidence
(pp. 358-9)
their
of
and an American
by both
It
who was
a prolific
and industrious
writer
16
both
day.
Of his works on Great Britain,
year
1841,
the
1849-
as an academic
1835 and England
translated
England
aber
1873 die
Juni
shortcomings
was without
1861.
in
to
especially
Frauen'
that
life.
political
travelled.
age,
grosser,
ihm am 14.
mit
England
Leipzig
he was no
from
für
he still
of
in
however,
'Vorlesungen
80 years
as a Berlin
politics
himself
audiences,
seventies
nearly
this.
even after
schloss
at
his
local
even though
distinguish
not
to whom he delivered
ladies
in
both
as a lecturer,
and also
speaker
great
figure,
with
Brockhaus,
history
from
the
Wars of
first,
us here
in
Die Königinnen
and Carus,
im Jahre
for
one,
1844 (Carus,
the work was amongst
the
60.
collection
three
the
of
works
take
library
the
Parliament
in
form
Hall
Edinburgh.
letters
of
of a series
in
All
on different
in England im Jahre 1835 concerning
only the 61st letter
(Part 2, pp. 360-389),
Scotland
in England
the 24th letter
while
(pp.
Scottish
the
Church
276 im Jahre 1841 is solely
concerned with
299).
Other letters
include
aspects of Scottish
comment on certain
topics,
life,
such as the
The letters
in
'Reisebriefe'
letter,
three
all
works
England
to
and social
which
deals
could
hardly
im Jahr
the
with
writers,
1835 he defends
and political
British
be properly
travel
by regular
as written
introduction
account
21st
his
called
and in
his
mixing
of
are
requirements
much the
printed
Raumer arrived
1835 and travelled
August,
in
leaving
Edinburgh
Unable
to
the
until
see the
on to
see the
Trossachs
Glasgow
Newcastle
from
at
Scotland,
Belfast
9th,
was likewise
three
times
stay.
from
on 14th
of
Next
thwarted
His
week's
South
tour
of
by the
seen only
the
will
serve
this
provides
on 3rd August,
Newcastle
on 7th
August.
He stayed
on to Stirling.
when he travelled
on 11th.
effectively
the
on account
pp. vi-vii)
Kohl.
of
by post
Rosneath.
having
his
for
Trossachs
Glasgow
and been prevented
during
works
to Scotland
Glasgow
continued
for
in
In effect
reader.
as the
same and result
index
and the
chronologically
each individual
of
travel
comment:
über
Eine Trennung der grösseren
Aufsätze
Armenwesen, Reform des Parlaments
u. s. w.,
über die Geschichte
von den Reiseberichten
jedes Tages, hätte
jene vielleicht
zu
diese zu oberflächlich
schwerfällig,
lassen.
erscheinen
(Raumer (1835),
'Vorrede',
Thus they
universities.
the
thick
day his
second
and he had to
the
Highlands
inclement
Edinburgh
he
mist,
attempt
turn
back
having
in
weather,
he left
and Glasgow
to
the
61.
ISENSEE
Ludwig
1807.
ember,
is
It
Anhalt-Käthen
court
Isensee
Christian
likely
(i. e.
by 1835)
Reisen,
Halle,
his
Isensee
where
Emil
Reisen.
as the
grand-
already
in
studied
evidently
his
From comments in
Edinburgh
compares
Ludwig
have been his
Isensee
and Berlin.
Vienna
as the
und Superintendent
Consistorialrath
deceased
Göttingen,
August
whom he mentions
father,
Sept-
same family
the
he came of
that
on 14th
Käthen
and hymn writer,
chaplain
(1743-1824),
who may well
on page 246 of
Käthen
in
was born
Isensee
or even his
father,
in
Emil
Theodor
Munich,
with
one may
capital
with the Bavarian
assume that he was also familiar
(Isensee,
too, of his
In his Reisen he tells,
pp. 127-8).
ful
in
sojourn
medical
the
contrasts
capital
weeks of
He had gone there
later
Vaterlande
Isensee
remained
in
his
Nahde's
Isensee
had twice
four
luggage
to prolong
a bag of
time
his
for
laundry
in
from his
been evicted
warm food
to whom he had letters
in
for
a paper
silver
'Königlich
medal
in
and in
1833,
Berlin
after
Preussische
from
the
King
goldne
of
the
for
a
in
by which
weeks,
in
authorities
Vienna,
the
the
of his
was "um eine
Ibid,
in
habilitating,
Medaille
Netherlands
fur
shab-
Erfahrung
148).
p.
University
year
by those
rejected
on account
reicher"
from
with
was mislaid
clothing,
home it
returned
won a prize
on epilepsy
become a Privatdocent
the
or proper
While
and had had to go for
lodgings
und Menschenkenntniss
In 1829 Isensee
the
with
meinem
money with
requesting
however,
of recommendation
When he finally
der Welt-
trouble
Leipzig,
to
discovered
and was not
was, 'already
weeks without
biness.
The letter,
stay.
Gustav
friend,
Käthen
family,
Isensee's
home.
money from
for
Nahde had returned
study,
with
Austrian
the
zu Rosslau an der Elbe in
(Ibid,
footnote,
p. 142).
und Rector
Anhalt-Käthen"
to
his
with
he
Edinburgh
in
in
waiting
In the
work.
pp. 140-150)
Ibid,
he receives
student,
a holiday
after
the
throughout
he spent
many digressions,
the
one of
April',
rejection
Halle
"Prediger
theuren
which
which
occur
is
welcome
and
as a penniless
letter
It
den 7.
hospitality
impoverished
Nahde,
1826-7.
and philosophical,
('Edinburg,
letter
twelfth
the
Vienna'in
unsuccess-
of
Göttingen
he was to
which
he was awarded
Verdienst'
for
his
and a
Elementa
62.
nova geographicae
at
a Generalcharte
1837.
At some stage
to Wilhem
assistant
104-5).
pp.
Kdthen
the
with
during
weissen
und grünem Bande',
Hofrath.
He published
scientific
journals
a major
into
publication,
Dutch,
a number of
ihrer
Literatur.
which
were published
in
volumes,
full
native
as
footnote,
Anhalt-
und Treue,
am
page of
for
which
various
in
1845 worked
were
translated
death
der Medicin,
Chirurgie,
first
his
of
lists
his
on
Geburtshilfe,
Naturwissenschaften
the
1837 and 1839,
in
iii,
and articles
his
und anderer
The title
accomplishments
six
Pharmacie
Verdienst
papers
1840 until
Geschichte
appeared,
für
his
'by,
served
1838 he became Braunschweig'scher
and in
of which
Staatsarzneikunde,
years he evidently
Ernst (see Ibid,
vol.
Medaille
and from
1835 and again
in
these
was honoured
'Herzogliche
he published
und des Ganges der
he updated
which
father,
1836 Isensee
In
Verbreitung
1816,
Horn's
In-1832
medicinalis.
geographischen
vom Ende des Jahres
Cholera
in
der
statistices
und
two travel
works,
honours
titles,
as follows:
and reads
Reisen in Schottland,
England,
Frankreich
und Deutschland
von Emil Isensee Doctor
der Medizin,
Chirurgie
und Geburtsh.:
Arzt und Operateur
in Berlin;
praktischem
Pr. D. dasiger
Königl.
Friedr.
Wilh.
Universität;
in- und ausländmehrerer
ischen gelehrten
Gesellsch.
Mitglied;
der
Kön. gl. Preussischen
Med, für litterar.
Verdienst
Inh.:
desgl.
der Königl.
Niederlandischen
"Honori
ac meritis",
so wie d. d.
Königl.
Franzbsischen
Hauses, d. Grossherzogl.
Badenschen und Herzogl.
Anhalt-Cöthenschen
für Anhänglichkeit,
Verdienst
und Treue mit
d. B.
(Isensee,
title
page)
Although
it
was customary
in
credentials
an element
Throughout
Reisen
This
publications.
of
a controversial
Biographisches
the
fashion,
this
one can detect
his
in
figure,
Lexikon
Century
few authors
of
to
hesitates
in
to refer
makes one suspect
an opinion
hervorragender
state
gave them in
self-satisfaction
he. never
alone
19th
full,
and
Isensee.
to his
that
confirmed
Ärztet
one's
own
he was something
in
the
Das Lebensende dieses Mannes, der unleugbare
Fähigkeiten
dessen Charakter
besass,
aber von
Charlatanerie
freizusprechen
ist,
nicht
ist nicht
Nach einer
näher bekannt.
and
63.
Version
er 1845 im Genfer See
soll
),
(??
ertrunken
nach einer anderen als
Soulouque von
Leibarzt
des Kaisers
Hayti gestorben
sein.
(Hirsch,
III,
vol.
p. 380)
Controversial,
figure
self-important
and left
a lively
he can be compared
in
Scotland
four
Deutschland
first
in
was published
The work
from
written
Weimar on 20th
Berlin
the
title
England,
in
Hamburg on 25th
They are
1837,
respect
who was
Frankreich
evidently
und
of
as part
aus dem Leben der Natur,
which
of
a collection
May.
this
Hallberg-Broich
Skizzen
Briefe.
is
in
travels;
controversial
in Schottland,
und Wissenschaft,
page.
his
was a colourful
later.
Reisen
Nord-West-Europäische
Kunst
the
years
Isensee's
of
account
with
Isensee
or otherwise,
appears
31 letters,
March,
addressed
on the
all
inner
dated,
title
the
1835 and the last
from
fictitious)
to a (presumably
'Sie'.
For much of
Argentine
certain
companion
throws
light
his
de la
he sings
on his
in
stay
at
Britain
Bourse,
the
start
own attitude
Isensee
whose praise
of
to
the work.
was accompanied
as a female
travelling
The passage
travel:
Argentina
de is Bourse,
die viel
auf
Reisen ist,
kennen zu lernen,
war ich so
glücklich,
als ich die Abschiedsbesuche
in Berlin
bei meinem Freunde,
dem
Kaufmann Herr Ferdinand
geachteten
Har manni und dem weltbekannten
Banquier
Herrn A. Mendelssohn
Durch die
machte.
Gewohnheit
jener Herren erhielten
wir
(A.
Creditbriefe
Haus
nämlich
ein
auf
Goldschmidt)
in London, und es schien,
dass es ihr so unangenehm nicht
sein würde,
dass wir vielwenn der Zufall
es wollte,
leicht
zusammen reisten.
Ich gestehe aufrichtig,
dass ich den
Respect vor jeder Reise mit
devotesten
Dame habe, da es die Menge der
einer
Anstand zu wollen
Schachteln
und'der
dass wir in solchen Fällen
nur
scheint,
Allein
der Damen spielen.
den Garderobier
Ihre weit
Dame war es anders.
mit dieser
Liancen,
ihr hoher Einfluss,
verbreiteten
ihre Reise-Erfahrung,
machten mir es höchst
wünschenswerth,
mich ihr anschliessen
zu
in dem ungekehrten
dürfen
und ich durfte
by a
also
64.
Fall versetzt
wo sie,
zu werden hoffen,
doch
Garderobe,
meiner
mit
wenn auch nicht
sich beschäftigen
mit meiner Protection
würde.
Mein Entschluss
und ich
war daher gefasst,
bat sie inständigst,
mir das Vergnügen ihrer
Reise zu
für die beabsichtigte
Gesellschaft
gönnen.
Welcher Unterschied
einer
zu den Sitten
die sich
Dame, die die Welt kennt und einer,
Toilette
um die ihrer
nur erhebt,
von ihrer
Nie ist meinen
Nachbarinnen
zu mustern!
Wünschen mit dieser
edlen Zuvorkommenheit
Nie hat ein so nobler
begegnet worden.
Anstand alle
Bedenklichkeiten
vorweg
jede andre Dame mit so
desavouirt,
die hier
haben.
Pratension
gemacht
geltend
würde
grosser
(Isensee,
5)
pp. 4Having
disembarked
learnt
that
the
advice
they
of
him instead
together
had missed
on Captain
Hull.
Newcastle
and Edinburgh.
31st
numbers
is
10,11
dated
London,
Paris
and-the
Strasbourg,
Frankfurt
they
11th
are
10th
to
final
Karlsruhe,
and Weimar.
April
28th
4th,
two describe
by stage
from
5th
and numbers
April.
Baden-
"Transit",
The three
dated
Letters
Isensee's
Baden,
that
letters
was
coach
to
April,
are
number
Heidelberg,
which
York,
are
Edinburgh
from
and 7th
return
accompany
and Newcastle
Hull
14-21
they
they
follow
to
and decided
Mühlen,
zur
travelled
The letters
and 12,
steamer
steamer,
and 2nd April.
Hertford,
from
Herr
Draper's
From Hull
March
London
the
a Bremen friend,
bound for
dated
at
Hamburg,
in
Hotel
Kronprinz
the
number 13
dated
from
22 - 29-concern
home via
Darmstadt,
Epernay,
65.
AND
HAILBRONNER
HAILBRONNER
a)
Karl
General
(Schütze,
that
in
followed,
in
Regiment
from
Schlweswig-Holstein
the
near
gives
him
the
(ADB,
vol.
X,
p. 386)
only
two
writings,
der
Tübingen.
der
of
jüngere
have
eines
deutschen
title
former
durch
Morgenland
"mit
zwei
stellerische
Bahn auf
p. iii).
'Vorwort',
reisenden
This
and Holland
as well
first
of
Seraing
to Switzerland,
visits
in
as Scotland,
to Denmark and Sweden,
both
accounts
of
and volume
three
concerns
Italy
the
badly
company of
burnt
Many of
the
down into
a lively'and
the
crater
schrift(Hailbronner,
volumes
Paris,
volume
Prague,
Swedish
England,
two describes
the
and Austrian
active
later
of
articles
which
went
her
work
visits
armies,
a dramatic
Vesuvius
young English
girl,
(Ibid,
injuries
pp. 341ff.
to make up this
Ireland
Munich
Nürnberg,
determined
and dies
recounts
and includes
of
der
die
three
and Sicily
the
[sic]
hat'
Belgium,
volume
denen
von
betreten
Dresden,
with
of a climb
the
while
Berlin,
and Vienna,
account
Weise
glänzende
in
dem Tagebuche
'Aus
Ungars'
is
dem
Scotland,
to
visit
Werkchen:
geistreiches
It
Cavalieren,
ungarischen
von
Syrien,
SUdfrankreich.
his
the
Bilder
Palästina,
he describes
dem
Stuttgart
reveals
work
Abendland.
und
und
that
work
latter
Aegypten,
Portugal
sein
the
of
Cartons
and Aus
Cotta,
by
ADB
numerous
to-day,
(1837)
published
estate
the
Of his
Touristen
both
Infantry
Reisender"
be known
to
of
which
on his
bekannter
officer.
survived
(1841),
in Grossbritannien
eines
.
works
full
Light
Indeed,
travels.
army
battle
campaigns
He died
und
Griechenland,
he undertook
which
his
than
rather
Spanien,
the
of
for
known
travels:
Türkei,
Mittelmeer,
one
1864.
"Schriftsteller
The
his
Donau,
in
Abendlande
und
extent
Augsburg,
epithet
Reisemappe
Morgen-
health.
the
the
In 1857 he retired
campaign.
of
became
Hailbronner
in
part
the major
all
reasons
for
service
active
in
He entered
and commanded the
and France,
Russia
1789.
1809 and took
in
Mann"
weitgereister
in
Bavaria
He fought
year.
of Leitershofen,
and
in
was born
army as an officer
Regensburg
"ein
von Hailbronner,
p. 107),
Bavarian
aus
PULSZKY
in
who is
).
had already
66.
in
appeared
Gemeinnützige
the
word with
in
particular
Allgemeine
fördernde
so willig
p. iv)
'Vorwort',
in
and journals,
papers
in Augsburg.
"die
alles
(Ibid,
Zeitung"
Hailbronner
his
concludes
fore-
words:
Allein
die Art der Zusammenstellung
und
freies
dürften
Urtheil
unbestochenes
diesem anspruchlosen
Product eines pasdie Nachsicht
der
Reisefreundes
sionirten
Kritik
des reisenden
und den Beifall
Publicums
zuwenden.
(Ibid,
'Vorwort',
p. iv)
PULSZKY
b)
(Franz)
Ferenc
Aural
(occasional
pseudonym
in
the
Eperies,
landowner
the
Fejervary.
age of
Pulszky
Protestant
family
in
from
Hunger
the
(born
Pulszky
older
and his
where,
and it
who was ennobled
by Maria
Theresia
were orphaned
an early
age and received
ing
in
the
at
home of
from
Fejerväry,
Hungarian
and his
Hungarian
His
father
at
he was sent
the
of
his
was
thus
language
father's
library
the
'German'
also
education,
in
fully.
bungen"
sent
included
"von
for
and
' During
Pulszky's
German,
it
was
Schlegel
Lessing
meiner
year
p. 34)
erhielt
being
and
peasants.
the
language
of
perforce,
both
this
that
he mastered
his
away at school
Reisebeschrei-
included.
and Kotzebue
Tante
of
language.
that
and "mehrere
mein Leben,
nurse
because
where,
the
Georg
German was spoken,
primarily
in
sister
upbring-
a love
acquired
servants
Miskolcz,
of their
rest
speaking"only
primarily
tutor,
sister's
him much to read,
(Pulszky,
Meine Zeit,
uncle
too,
had
they
archaeologist,
early
household
suitable
Slouakianjonly
to grammerschool
Hungarian
Pulszky
parents'
grandmother,
education
home and
young
settled
and his
Pulszky
the
uncle,
The
grandfather
great
the
the
so at
influence,
1740.
was used when necessary,
considered
Pulszky's
maternal
whom the
In his
archaeology.
although
their
Apollonie
wife
himself,
was Pulazky's
in
son of
had originally
Jesuit
escaping
the
estates.
was born
Pulszky,
name of
second
family
1814
September,
Hungary,
shot
to the
Pulszky
which
Poland
in
step-brother
und Cselfalva
on 17th
Comitat
1756)
became heir
into
von Lebbcz
was born
Saros
the
of
In 1821 his
seven,.
taken
M. Rfithkay),
capital
Karl
Edler
Pulszky,
and,
ich
His
to complete
Walter
Scott's
67.
Romane" (Ibid,
p. 38).
In 1833,
inspired
and his
Pulszky,
in
Institute
he-was
1836,
as a lawyer
but
his
the
English
energies
this
time
the
Blatt'
set
touring
Germany,
the
British
in
Grossbritannien
in German,
Wolfgang
and it
was for
and journals
and critical
wide
range
the
national
commentary
of
economic,
hero,
Pulszky,
In 1839,
member of
the
was extremely
his
native
'Augsburger
from
an early
both
Hungarian
active
Allgemeine
German publications
too,
pursuits,
Zeitung',
Some of
a paper
these
and amongst
of
were
'Pesti
for
him as their
The 25-year-
Diet.
r&le,
which
a
When
articles
city
so much so that
on him.
he had read
appeared
He
to the
contributing
articles
these
leading
the
and social
topics.
elected
this
freedom
the
to various
covering
paper,
Hungarian
the
Hungarian
the
fiction
both
of
and diligent-in
conferred
journalistic
age.
Landtag,
that
political
Soros
of
sketches,
and German,
contributor
home Comitat
his
his
the
who had accepted
and cultural
founded
(Pesth,
of
He contributed
writing
philosophical
became an avid
Eperies
his
in
Pressburger
old
continued
time,
his
Ungars
travel
works
member.
this
Belgium,
editor
Menzel,
travel
at
Kossuth,
the
some Hungarian
these
travels
on the way home
visited
Stuttgart,
Academy made him a corresponding
newspapers
having
Zeitung'-and
wrote
Isles,
of
and
on their
reisenden
Allgemeine
in
poet
he published
to Hungary
return
study
serious
off
as
interest,
his
roused
in
spent
also
Comitat
Thomas Moore as a favourite
He also
vazlati',
had already
uncle
he wrote
manuscript.
him.
drawings,
diploma.
Soros
native
and his
eines
'Augsburger
'Literatur
to his
were
On his
Aus dem Tagebuche
Naplc',
scholars
Institute's
1836'he
and France.
which
time
with
In April
once more,
'Uti
the
and his
visit
the
member,
Revolution
this
at
language,
champion.
the
his
of
The nineteen-
the Archaeological
sent
he had made, so impressed
and returned
The Polish
Unternotar.
both
Italy.
he
home to his philosophy
returned
and law studies,
[Bratislava]
Pressburg
In 1835 he
to the Reichstag.
qualified
1837),
to
to Hungary
on the strength
Pulszky
archaeology,
having
moved to
Holland
of
and Munich
return
as a corresponding
given,
In 1834,
who on his
love
mutual
Vienna
via
Rome drawings
in
that,
there
travelled
uncle
year-old
by their
at
home
elsewhere
'Vom Zustande
Irlands'
in
68.
and 'Ueber
englische
he was not
surprisingly,
he became all
who considered
himself
his
of
out
in
(Terez)
Walter
(1819-66)
exile
ahead of
Viennese
respected
the
them.
banker,
and friend
Leipzig
this
the
of
Their
to
Comitat.
1848,
Stuhlweissenburg.
at
the Ministry
to Count
an arms deal
Finance
public
by the
General
Windischgraetz,
"mit
Sent
foreign
powers,
military
"Pulszky
October,
his
his
post
sent
by Kossuth
State
of
as Undersecretary
in
this
press,
and secured
eve of
the
Kaiser
him back
to try
prisoner
riots
Vienna
and left
he had no sooner
unterhandle
intervention
was taken
by the
to alter
unable
Rebellen
the
dismissal,
Ministry
the month,
p. 73).
Russia's
from
Despite
and of
Viennese
and the
Jewish
influence
considerable
On 5th
the
Revolution,
the
to Vienna
one
powers.
the
of
the
of
extraordinary
containing
and travelled
Belgium.
he left
of
with
in
made Pulszky
upset
year
at
much energy
he became Undersecretary
opinion
than
Stephan
the
after
He exercised
Budapest
isation
They devoted
endowed with
order
with
that
Revolution
same day.
in Wurzbach,
English
the
Vienna
to
Lady,
After
he was dismissed
returned
in
published
Palatine
being
version
a Hungarian
estate
acquired
[Budapest]
Pesth
Archduke
she was
historischen
einer
of
a
occasions
of Szecsengyi
Revolution,
that
on several
hard
and Sagen und Legenden. aus
Pulszky,
In April
with
of
newly
Esterhazy.
on Austrian
daughter
an English
Memoirs
who was credited
of
the
their
was to maintain
was Pulszky
cultured
1850,
Hungary)
in
support
Dame, mit
was also
Commissars,
in
post
which
of
the
Government
job
and it
1851,
too,
March,
'Novellen'
Lenau and Löwenthal,
of
in
by F.
and Traditions
Neograd
Pulszky,
five
or
collaborated
London,
introduction,
time,
15th
in
same year
Leipzig,
as Tales
four
The highly
and they
in
published
Un arn,
a journalist.
who gave him invaluable
Einleitung,
a historical
in
fair
ungarischen
the
perhaps
two parliaments,
next
to write
in her own right
a writer
(Aus dem Tagebuche einer
published
.
sex which would not have been
Boccaccio's
Decamerone (see Pulszky,
Meine Zeit,
mein
despite
this married
in 1845 the Austrian
Therese
p. 338),
of
the
Since,
more ardent
able
with
Leben,
years
the
well
relationships
place
to
elected
1843 and 1847,
about
[sic]
Carricaturen'
to
the
ich
to Vienna,
attitude
nicht"
effect
the
by approaching
in
Galicia,
but
of
(quoted
neutral-
other
but
escaped
69,
and arrived
eventually,
He remained-there
to win
attempt
the
the
founding
of
in
the
articles
as Palmerston,
the
against
those
the
warrant
to
writing,
in
his
"die
particular,
Sympathie
him
with
fur
Ungarn
described
Red, white
which
and black,
Edinburgh.
Pulszky
to Britain
returning
other
but
well
also
he became correspondent
he also
Italian,
for
many other
papers
American
and British
press
wrote
Academy of Arts
youngest
this
son,
liaison
in
barn
which
Florence.
in
1861.
The following
achievements,
which
in
Pulszky
year
appeared
rift
the
appraisal
in
Lorck's
in
'New York
lectures
with
of
himself
Pulszky's
Männer der
staatsmännischem
Talent
where
French,
in
Zeit,
and it
the
(his
Garibaldi
him)
after
1860
In
German,
Hungarian,
between
amongst
Tribune',
in Turin,
News'
ling:
Von Pulszky's
1853 and
writing
and gave popular
final
and
work,
and languages.
the
him
1853 and after
in
and the
was even called
the
joint
Journal'
He became friends
1861,
caused
of
selbstreceived
German in
Daily
him
grosse
ist",
journalistically,
'London
to
Scots
the
dennoch
their
to America
Journal'
the
loyal
Tradition
in
in
on archaeology
for
die
(1851).
Ungarn
that
by 'Chambers
received
studies
continuing
appeared
'Chambers
in
with
1850-1,
in
remained
aber
were
children
pp. 173-4).
also
himself
of
themselves
noting
ihnen
of America
occupied
for
publications
tours,
with
A death
English
and
Pulszky
tour
again
along
instigator
three
noch lebendig
travelled
to move
effigy,
Jakobiner
Die
mein Leben,
which
was particularly
German
bei
weil
Kossuth's
his
occupied
kannten,
noch nicht
Zeit,
they
1851,
in
Staatslebens
schottischen
(Pulszky,
Meine
Therese
in
lecture
hegten,
ständigen
well
London
ihn
Parliament
their
and
novel,
on his
such politicians
as a chief
London
works
historical
in
with
were
estatesLconfiscated.
wife's
In
various
arrived
Hungary
Therese
disguise.
Pulzsky's
travelled
1852.
in
in
his
and
frequent
Meanwhile,
in
despite
but
affairs,
British
the
persuade
was burnt
publishing
When Kossuth
not
Here,
he made every
cause,
contact
and close
Paris.
to London.
Hungarian
Hungarian
intervention.
and
flee
including
press
he could
issued
was
for
bureau
British
the
to
in
by Kossuth,
appointed
over
a central
Revolution,
and
British
39 others,
of
forced
ambassador
Russian
friends,
May 1849 when he crossed
until
Hungarian
as nominal
of Polish
help
the
with
was
and Kossuth
political
was belitt-
70.
haben wir keine hohe Meinung.
Es fehlt
ihm der sichere
ihm
Blick,
und es fehlt
ebenso die kühle Besonnenheit,
ohne die
Er
bestehen kann.
ein Staatsmann nicht
ist leidenschaftlicher
Parteimann,
beredt
und insbesondere
mit der Feder gewandt.
(Lorck,
p. 546)
vol. Il,
Even his
political
Back in
skills.
Pulszky,
in
Comitat;
of
his
absence,
in
children
his
late.
He had travelled
return
home.
of
politics,
keep himself
out
luckily
with
harmless
again
served
withdrew
from
his
1863,
in
law at
teaching
while
Secretary
of
State
1875 to 1895.
in
1869 to 1894 and in
the
addition
as Grand Master
Culture
effected
great
1872 was also
appointed
of
the
Academy of Sciences
of
the
Hungarian
in
in
1884 he
Academy,
to
politics,
and served
as
from
and
Museum, from
General
1895.
to
returning
improvements
the
and
two duels,
and Education
der sprach-
Hungarian
Pulszky
however, he
Ägost (1846-1901),
after
National
in
as Präsident
of
son,
Budapest,
Budapest
Klasse
the
for
in
1872 and from
profession
of
disease
the
and was unable
involved
eldest
the
he was to serve
of
return
gradually,
museums and libraries
provincial
senschaftlichen
President
himself
as Director
reorganisation
all
Ministry
Pulszky
did
son,
him a pardon
who granted
and more involved
the
Gabriel,
him to Hungary,
legal
University
too
held
his
the
and daughter
contracted
_
Reichstag;
had become-more
and
too,
From 1867 to
father's
wife
behalf
he,
no ties
turn
on his
outbreak
second
even becoming
and in
politics
his
cholera
their
Pulszky
the
the
with
Kaiser,
outcome.
as member of
who had followed
Hungary
the
with
to
their
to reclaim
intervened
age;
now that
an audience,
to
of
1866,
until
(they had seven
Italy
in+order
reached
to Hungary
years
nineteen
friends
Pulszky
passage,
Ironically,
permission
Hungary
had no letter
Henriette
Both women succumbed
him safe
and died.
in
Saroser
native
he still
since
daughter,
to
met once more and-
by his
He remained
1866 and although
who was then
to serve
16-year-old
and literary
intellectual
Reichstag
however,
had returned,
secured
received
Budapest
return.
property.
of September
deny his
not
was elected
and their
all),
confiscated
the
do so,
not
for
conduct
Therese
could
Hungary,
he could
safe
while
critics
Director
of
In
country.
und schbnwisbecoming
Vice-
From 1870 he served
Grand Lodge and from
1886 to 1888
71.
was "erster
der Symbolischem
Grossmeister
In 1886 he remarried,
as a devoted
Budapest,
and his
of his
one week short
last
his
was to act
Pulszky
years.
birthday,
83rd
von Ungarn".
Rosa Geszner,
new wife,
through
companion
Grossloge
died
in
September,
on 9th
1897.
full
In his
in
many fields.
of
his
Pulszky
and colourful
life
Twenty-five
years
in Wurzbach
biography
distinguished
his
before
already
could
death,
himself
the
compiler
write:
Umsicht,
tüchtige
national-ökonomische
Absicht,
Kenntnisse
und die redlichste
streiten
seinem Vaterlande
zu nützen,
ihm selbst
seine Gegner nicht
ab.
Ueber sein Verhalten
in der bedrängnissPeriode seines Vaterlandes
lauten
vollen
die Stimmen sehr verschieden;
während
ihn seine Gegner mit blindem Parteifinden
eifer
seine Freunde
verurtheilen,
Als
nicht
genug an ihm zu rühmen.
...
Schriftsteller
besitzt
er
and Gelehrter
In antiker
unbestritten
grosse Vorzüge.
Gemmenkunde galt er in London als eine
Autorität.
Selbst
seine bittersten
Gegner spenden seinen Talenten
nach dieser
Richtung
In seinen Fehden in
grosses Lob.
der "Allgemeinen
Zeitung"
hat er sich als
Kämpe seine
gewandter
und unerschrockener
Sporen ritterlich
ersten
publicistischen
Sein Styl
ist rein und
verdient.
französische
präcis,
und zeigt
mitunter
Tournüre.
(Wurzbach,
XXIV, p. 76)
vol.
His
in Wurzbach
epithet
(Ibid,
Archäolog"
his
when he was only
tour
22,
of
Britain
but
educated
young man, with
cognised
that
the
tellingly
future
a bright
London on this
he was already
an acute
first
lay
visit
he heard
had he been at
home, would
have suffered
There
25 chapters
in
britannien
und
of
are
reisenden
London,
discuss
Oxford,
Salisbury,
Ungarn,
literature
Bath,
his
It
for
and widely
it
the
he
first
the
time
that
he,
too,
same fate.
which
deal
with
and the
Arts
and describe
Warwick,
was re-
was while
and realised
Aus dem Tagebuche
Birmingham,
career,
awareness;
ahead of him.
that
his
travelled
a well
political
and compatriots
arrests
in
was made early
friends
of
Publicist
"Ungarischer
p. 71).
Obviously
was in
is
aspects
North
in
eines
of
life
visits
Wales,
Grossin
to
Liverpool,
72.
Manchester
and Cumberland,
are
entitled
'Iona,
Pulszky
only
from
are
London.
in
troubled
four
It
is
in
his
this
work
of
that
instance
as for
Meine
memoirs,
knew no English
uncle
letters
to procure
of
volumes
to be found,
His
'Die
entitled
XXI 'Edinburgh'.
and chapter
1880 to 1883.
life
his
of
XIX and XX both
chapters
the
published
mein Leben,
reception
Staffa',
Hochlande'
schottischen
details
to Scotland
devoted
chapters
Four
and Castle Howard.
(pages 149-182),
XVIII
chapter,
Ireland
introduction
Zeit,
most
comment on his
and had therefore
to German bankers:
Ich besass jedoch ein Empfehlungsschreiben
von Waagen an den bekannten
den Freund Sir
Murray,
Buchhändler
Scott's,
Walter
Lord Byrons,
Thomas
Moore's und vieler
berühmten
anderer
Schriftsteller.
Wir
englischen
wurden von ihm freundlich
empfangen
und zum Frühstück
geladen.
(Pulszky,
Meine Zeit,
mein Leben, p. 147)
Later
he describes
meeting
the
companion
with
whom they
toured
Britain:
In unserem Londoner Hotel wurden wir
Major Heilbronner
mit dem bairischen
[sic],
einem geistreichen,
welterfahrenen
Manne bekannt;
mit ihm vereint
entwarfen
England's,
wir den Plan zur Bereisung
Schottland's
und Irland's.
(Ibid,
p. 149)
He goes on to
was all
but
restricted
in
to
the
1830's
London
and Raumer and the
PUckler-Muskau
He then
how,
tell
describes
in
and it
novels
how he came to write
Europe,
took
the
of Scott
his
knowledge
letters
of
Britain
of
both
to change
this.
own travel
account:
Man konnte hier Vieles
sehen und lernen,
wovon man nicht
nur bei uns, sondern auch
bei den Deutschen kaum etwas wusste.
benützte
diesen Umstand;
Heilbronner
er
es, das Angenehme mit dem NUtzverstand
für die
lichen
zu vereinen
und schrieb
Zeitung",
der "Allgemeinen
Beilage
welche
überall,
stark
wo man deutsch sprach,
seiner
war, Beschreibungen
verbreitet
Er las uns diese
Reiseerlebnisse.
SelbstgefälligArtikel
mit grosser
stets
keit
Bei einer
solchen Gelegenheit
vor.
lächelte
indem er auf mich
Fejerväry-und
"Herr Major,
solche
zeigte, sagte ert
Artikel,
ja vielleicht
auch bessere,
vermag
73.
HeilKnabe zu schreiben".
auch dieser
bronner
fühlte
sich dadurch verletzt;
dennoch forderte
er mich auf, ihm mein
Tagebuch vorzulesen
und da ich es in
Sprache geführt
lag
hatte,
ungarischer
er mir so lange in den Ohren, bis ich in
Oxford einen deutechenArtikel
Er
schrieb.
fand daran so grossen Gefallen,
dass er
lebhaft
in mich drang,
ich solle
hinfort
führen und es nach
mein Tagebuch deutsch
Heimkehr herausgeben,
unserer
er werde
mich zu diesem Zwecke mit der "Allgemeinen
Zeitung"
in Verbindung
bringen.
(Ibid,
pp. 149-50)
As described
above,
uncle
from
in
parted
Holland,
is
this
indeed
Hailbronner,
and Pulszky
Pulszky
happened.
what
on to Scandinavia,
who was to travel
later
his
acknowledges
and his
debt
to him:
Die Reise durch England forderte
meine
Aufforderungen
Reife.
= Den wiederholten
das Majors Heilbronner
Folge leistend,
begann ich meine Notizen
zu abgerundeten
Artikeln
auszuarbeiten,
um daraus ein
Buch in deutscher
Sprache zu stellen.
(Ibid,
Without
"ein
Hailbronner,
at
any rate
him no grudge
Pulszky,
1836.
They crossed
Londonderry
stop
the
in
potentially
his
uncle
left
Liverpool,
to
before
London
Trossachs,
Tobermory,
for
sailed
continued
the
valleys
Edinburgh.
They continued
und, dem "Auslands"
Iona
up the
south
to
generously
bore
Scotland
toured
and the
Birmingham,
Lake District.
Giants'
Causeway and
From Glasgow
and Staffa
Caledonian
via
travel
thunder.
Campbeltown.
to
his
Oxford,
the
as
so interessante
have published
visited
Grampians,
through
Zeitung"
his
and saw Dublin,
and returned
Yorkshire.
they
Tagebuch
Zeit
and Hailbronner
the Welsh
sailing
the
Hailbronner
stealing
Fejervary
Ireland
in
von dem zu dieser
in German.
not
for
Having
Manchester,
toured
derselbe
refers
aus England in der "Allgemeinen
(Pulszky,
p. 83), he might never
standen"
letters,
in
to whom he also
Reisegefährte,
Berichte
p. 152)
Dunkeld
London via
with
Canal
they
an overnight
to
Inverness
and Perth,
to
Newcastle
and
74.
HALLBERG-BROICH
Karl
also
Theodor
his
under
Prussian
Maria
Jülich,
by Düsseldorf,
in
descended
and in
from
part
Peter
Tillmann
from
part
the
Without
question
Theodor
Hallberg
in
and "ein
(Schutze,
Äussern"
originellem
phrases
telling,
are
duchy
The family
was
of
Hohlberg,
parents,
of
the
travellers
for
Schrift-
as "Tourist,
"rüstiger
Reisender
und
Wesen und
used in
The adjectives
all
a "Sonderling":
was indeed
Hallberg
discussion,
under
Mann von eigenthumlichem
p. 197).
service.
and military
governmeht
most eccentric
Reiseschriftsteller"
the
Hallberg-Broich's
described
has been variously
(ADB, vol. X, p. 416),
und Sonderling"
steller
the
Anna Rosa,
and Reichsgräfin
(1740-1830),
came from families
Alsbach
auf
themselves
the
in
(1729-1793)
von Hallberg
who had distinguished
both
in
originally
nobility,
Netherlands;
nee von Quadt-Wickeradt
these
Swedish
old
known
was born
Broich,
1768.
September,
on 8th
Broich,
von Gauting",
at Schloss
Cleveburg,
of
von Hallberg-
"Eremit
the
pseudonym,
province
Freiherr
Hubert
Wenn je einmal die Geschichte
menschlicher
Sonderlinge
werden
und Käuze geschrieben
sollte
- es wäre dies eine in kulturhistorischer
wie psychopathologischer
Hinsicht
Tat -, dann
gleich
verdienstvolle
in
müsste dieses Freiherrn
von Hallberg
Linie
allererster
gedacht werden.
(Krämer,
pp. 415-6)
Hallberg
tutor,
who was scarcely
severely
his
his
received
misbehaving
father
in
the
became so enraged
as a tyrant
that
Fearing
wrath
the
with
the
long
before
to his
Admiral
skipper
age of
keep for
castle
history
he threw
his
of his
father,
of
a Rhine
he argued
disappointment
the
British
as a sailor
to
Triest
Disgusted
him;
only
he was sent
to school
with
that
heaviest
denouncing
book at
bound for
vessel
England.
Cologne.
old
hero
him and then
a passage
and
in
years
his
Charlemagne
fled.
as cabin
It
he
boy
was not
the
Dutch captain,
and having ascertained
he could not realise
to become
as a foreignerlhis
ambition
Fleet,
he made his
and from
at not
up by
bread
When ten
he secured
for
boy was locked
two weeks with
teacher
a Jesuit
as punishment
the
soon became evident.
the
home from
at
eight,
Thereafter
at
of
a cadet.
the
education
to control
able
at
'water
for
sustenance.
:
Here his originality
early
there
being
to Vienna,
made an officer
where
at
he enlisted
once,
he
way
as
75.
to his
returned
family.
largely
was inherited
from his
system,
whose perverse
buy the
boy a commission
Jülich".
Herzogtums
institut
in
Metz,
family
estate
but
as "seine
by Holland
(ADB. vol. X
Welt"
the
Bavarian
Elector,
This
pursuit
took
in
Paris
on lavish
of
described
Taumelzüge
durch die
min ao
iksrvice.
still
lectures
Vienna,
leave
from
on medicine.
Göttingen
in
have practised
dissatisfying
and
hospitals
military
accompany
home with
his
this
days before
the
he married,
to
lady,
his
satisfy
in
zu Olne zum Hause Birkt
Netherlands,
suffering
Graf
woman "blieb
barerTreue
Her husband
On his
wedding
appointed
mother,
mehr als
the
wunderlichen
(ADB, vol. X, p. 416)
proved
more and more eccentric
return
from
travels,
he was doubtless
On his
like
her,
to
return
return
to a certain
died
three
to Germany,
returned
(Freie
Olne
von und
von
Against
ergeben"
his
Greece,
sex was to
he would
a granddaughter
von Effern.
ihrem
Scandinavia,
Having
Caroline
Brabant),
Isles,
Cyprus,
for
soon
widely,
he became engaged
date.
life
travel
opposite
providentially
he covered
which
This
travels
he decided
dressed
guests
and carefree.
Edinburgh
perhaps
the
early
wealthy
however,
in
British
Syria,
for
On these
While
a wife.
Lady Stuart;
and he began to
the
his
arms.
laying
p. 417),
a tramp,
of
Anatolia,
spirited,
(Krämer
amongst
of
coat
A weakness
America,
from
rags
America,
life.
figure,
Britain
his
too,
Italy,
and Spain.
an attractive
the
Constantinople,
him all
moving
"voll
on a life
he embarked
Schnurren"
in
with
to him,
Russia,
Sicily
Broich,
or
max imprinted
Lapland,
the
to
kinds,
all
costume
Switzerland,
of
Paris,
the
travels,
he obtained
to attend
und wunderlicher
visiting
via
Theodor,
even said
festivities
sealing
Tunis,
His
der
Kadetten-
1793 on inheriting
in
college,
military
to Schloss
retired
in oriental
proved
at the
Dienste
the
at
him to
caused
to have begun while
appear
Karl
years
geographischen:
him to Oxford,
Einfälle
barocker
with
or six
father.
his
exploits
feudal
the
of
and Vienna.
Having
*ither
as Hauptmann
planlosen
and he is
Heidelberg,
resigned
of
eccentricity
kurbayerischem
five
life
with
"in
his
upholder
young son's
He spent
p. 416),
Dissatisfied
his
that
an ardent
as Lieutenant
death
on the
doubt
father,
in
pride
little
is
There
and suffered
as time
Hallberg
of
the
Governor
odds this
long-
Gatten
unwandel-
in
accordingly.
went
on.
was preoccupied
with
76.
idea
the
round
in
Cologne,
up in
was locked
He received
a similar
By now known for
in
Paris,
the
although
of
freedom
the
Hallberg
that
Germany in
of
eight
the
by the
and Italy.
and followed
if
bizarre.
not
French
on his
imprisonment
months'
the
of
and
he 'recanted'.
the
was championing
face
off
where he
Egypt
are unclear,
circumstances
has it
Vienna,
Napoleon
served
plan
first
two weeks until
towards
he next
in
Constantinople,
in
antipathy
spies,
Kunssberg-Thurnau
for
response
his
by French
travels
"Narrenturm"
this
however,
Kaiser
by the
and he set
to promote
an attempt
and then
the
France
against
He was ignored,
force.
a mobilised
Elector
German people
once more in
the world
secure
the
arming
of
cause
enemy:
Deutschlands
Da er für die Befreiung
zu
wurde er aufgegriffen
suchte,
wirken
und sass 8 Monate bei Wasser und Brot zu
Paris in einem elenden Loche.
(Kehrein,
vol. I, p. 135)
"wegen
says he was arrested
Krüger
p. 159),
while
Holland
murder
French
officials,
(AQQ, vol. X, pp. 416-7).
against
him,
At
p. 418).
humiliation
of
Napoleon,
falling
After
Caroline
to Tunis
force
to
European
in
the
But the
his
hopes
being
arrested
of
asking
Italy
rid
of
even acquiring
the
on charges
of
British
spying
that
wife,
the
to
free.
was bent
on
he travelled
With
this
over
country
contempt
for
the
he became a Moslem and indulged
daughter
as one of his
he was ordered
him on a beach on the
for
plea
men and named supreme
typical
deservedly,
hands
self-
Corsairs.
1,000
sub(Krämer,
he was set
and hand the
was
then
Paris
brave
of Corsica,
charge
Hallberg
Hallberg
6,000
French
a sultan's
was to deposit
the
release,
With
and doubtless
into
him,
Bey for
forces.
and his
in
was the
who made a personal
He was given
Tunisian
fell
through
made King
the
this
imprisonment
was only
secured
boat
ship
Broich,
had thus
But unexpectedly,
a Tunisian
Schloss
before
establishment
a harem,
stormed
knees
Bey as a colony.
of
that
on her
once more,
general
stating
Caroline,
he was to
the
truth,
wife
his
With
revenge.
it
to
intent
a gang of masked
with
agrees
march to his
events
all
for
Krämer
its
when they
a 36-day
him to
jecting
denies
hotly
French
by the
arrested
he was arrested
whom he had attacked
bandits
but
patriotischer
that
recounts
(Krüger,
Tendenzen"
and,
ironically,
French
Greek
wives.
to leave;
coast.
Hallberg
and imprisoned
was
in
77.
London for
six
This
months.
award of £600 damages on his
Hallberg
Wars and did
Napoleonic
the
in
unconventionally,
He had assembled
on 6th
border
he led
1814.
January,
husband
this
he defended
which
the
Russian
in
being
Paris,
a post
in
he saw as a slight,
(including
the Prussian
not
the
receive
He was then
Leitung
titular
in
put
charge
title
the
of
aller
Armeen
Governor
General.
he had received
many honours
on the
he had declined
which
her
Truppen,
the
Napoleon's
by some of
behind
to Cologne,
receiving
under
Koblenz
at
armies
der Generalpolizey
Adler',
he-did
officials),
to have deserved,
he deemed himself
honours
and as their
Rhine
kaiserlichen
russischen
and although
was held
back
and
Landsturm".
and Prussian
was sent
in
Rhine
rivers
the
over
march on Paris,
'Roten
the
as a man, rode
he was to'serve
which
an
if
militarily,
and soldiers
Russian
French.
the
offered
it
dressed
Hallberg
der
This
that
an attack
the
General-Marsch-Commissair
grounds
them in
Prussia
of
"rheinischen
so called
peasants
the
against
troops
thereafter
the
30,000
force,
King
between
country
The regular
peasant
the
become active
Caroline,
as adjutant.
relieving
in
indeed
an army of
Feldoberathauptmann
to
services
In 1813 he masterminded
Maas.
of
the
with
release.
his
offered
next
was resolved
misunderstanding
Franz,
With his younger brother,
such as the dukedom of Jülich.
he wrote (in one night)
Kochbuch oder
Das politische
the satirical
(Düsseldorf,
die vornehme Küche für Leckermäule
1819)
Guip(p)ons
und
in
Predictably
response.
displeasure
King,
the
of
Hallberg's
arrest
politische
Kochbuch
Hallberg
1817,
of
where
nobility;
together
to
Swedish
throne,
sister,
and through
Caroline's
was granted
refuge
Hallberg
tall,
bought
thin
three
Stockholm,
improbably,
grandmother's
their
and two children
and,
the
In
through
Bernadotte
right
his
in
Schloss
Elector
Fussberg,
man and sported
a long,
in
they
four
up with
planned
the
of
Maximilian
Gauting,
the
I of
own
both
through
house of Wasa,
and in
Bavaria
by Munich.
beard,
dis-
banishment
claimed
the
in
Hallberg's
Soon he was deported
greying
weeks.
took
into
for
Das
to Scandinavia
fled
he reputedly
at
the
Rhineland
editions
married
incurred
and a warrant
native
realisation
which
family.
III,
Hallberg
the
who-had
by the
Prussia
of
Wilhelm
Friedrich
went
wife
Swedish
contented
derision
was issued.
and his
stopping
its
and both
1819
(1756-1825).
He was a
this
and
7e.
bearskin
the
name amongst
"von
which
the
locals
"Eremit".
that
for
Gauting"
seven
resided
in
that
the
those
was typical
Through
he earned
Gauting,
of his
It
this,
the
own reputation
with
loyalist
with
his
him a nick-
leanings
adding
he only
although
village
at
his
of
name as a pseudonym,
effect.
greater
A measure
fact
the
the
-
he adopted
years
reputation.
in
from Lapland
nature
contrary
he wore soon earned
hat
a wide
this
time
is
reflected
known as
were often
"Cautinger".
In 1821 Hallberg,
daughter,
year-old
of
extensive
the
tours
walking
He received
various
journeyed
an audience
bestow
to
right
on foot
to Rome, the
that
son and sevenfirst
he was to make in
Pope Pius
with
it
eight-year-old
which
including
orders,
wife,
himself,
Spur,
he was to
which
the
to come.
years
on him
who bestowed
Golden
the
of
VII,
a number
of
him
even granting
do,
freely
and
frequently,
Around 1825 Hallberg
and on many non-Catholics!
presented
(1786-1868),
the new Bavarian
king,
Ludwig I
with whom he was on
familiar
"Du" terms,
drainage
and cultiwith a plan for extensive
vation
moorland
both
granted
in
the
of
the
addition
and the
labour
Verachtung
alles
he allowed
his
visitors,
ity
his
wide
Hallberg
by Hallberg
death
them foreign.
carriage
Frugality
of
project;
and Ismaning
Freising
property
FUrst-
the
of
notorious
whimsically,
the
himself
was painted
was no library
there
of his
copies
receiving
motley
to
room,
papers,
copper
name in
from
plate
red
at
his
theatre
from
Despite
would travel
- or wagon - in which Hallberg
Hallberg's
luxury
in the house.
reigned
since
many of which
With
print.
was plastered
tickets
and
Schloss
engravings,
throughout,
hospital-
Birkeneck,
at one stage
which
frequent
Birkeneck.
own works,
see his
to maps and copper
entirely
Schloss
curiosity,
to
travellers
encouraged
floor
on the
slept
was known for
Hallberg
merely
with
he himself
while
many languages
to keep only
announcements
Birkeneck
a former
beds,
knowledge,
of
between
this
The house was an attraction
skin.
the
chose
exception
being
knowledge
general
he published
the
family
to visit
abroad
to execute
which
"mit eulenspiegelhafter
moved here and lived
(ADB, vol.
Comforts"
the only luxuries
X, p. 147)9
many of
and his
Birkeneck,
bear
a polar
with
He was
Moos.
Erdinger
the
gave him some land
'Jagdschloss'
Hallberg
Munich,
of
and funds
King
bischof.
under
north
as was the
into
Munich.
was tobacco,
79,
he grew himself,
which
table
at
was served
dishes.
the
on his
in
travels
a great
were given,
capture
of
the
fall
the
and smash -
(= Feigheit).
assuredly
with
which
to this
tion
whim,
for
his
he wanted
a church
was that
and Franciscan
never
bodies
in
altered;
bishop
to nuns
in
collected
Broich,
many
to celebrate
the
and sundry
were
all
pile
on a massive
of
his
According
the
village,
lack
in
while
of
stipula-
self-sufficient;
Capuchin
for
respect
in
them
to
and even preached
religion
as a German
he posed
France,
to yet
only
Protestant,
Moravian,
His
'Erdinger
the
a 'Moorkolonie',
members be frugally
Jewish,
Avignon,
for
plans
a new village,
for
alike.
1835,
the
out
if
hedonistic,
entirely
name, Hallbergmoos.
its
he approached
accordingly
was
amongst
birds
of
being
was not
founding
day bears
which
table
at Schloss
was erected
He carried
success,
great
a variety
to which
life
But Hallberg's
Moos'
dinner
to
removed and consumed, caused the effigy
(= Feigen)
Napoleon's"cowardice
figs
represented
whimsical.
another
Bonaparte
the
Only water
to hop freely
most lavish
Napoleon,
of
but
As before
the
arch-fiend,
on being
which,
days,
owner kept
cage.
one of
an effigy
welcomed:
day long.
all
whichwas allowed
its
In addition
parties
figs,
on feast
except
by a tame jackdaw
enlivened
a pipe
smoking
their
dininghall.
Since
Scotland,
habits
at
is
which
had also
some actually
with
the
the
exotic
his
and bearded,
he wore high
only
sewn on to
picture
his
festooned
the
he wore the
and was armed with
in,
while
he hung round
familiar
both
polar
a cavalry
and
he was
out,
year
he had designed
and an old
buttons
his
blue
as well,
were covered
To complete
neck.
bearskin
sabre
velvet
and orders,
many medals
the
visited
appearance
and wore many replicas
coat,
more of which
boots
riding
his
of
year
undergarment
Hallberg
that
period
an account
read
had them duplicated
ribbons,
and winter,
to
a one-piece
he not
On this
coat.
Birkeneck
Gaunt
in
same,
over
this
interesting
time.
that
the
himself,
in
was during
it
dressed
but
it
hat,
summer
and two pistols
belt.
Mann kann sich wohl vorstellen,
was es für
auf die Residenzbewohner
einen Eindruck
Kleidung
machen musste, wenn er in dieser
vor seinem Stammcaf6 Tambosi oder bei
Denn
seinen Münchner Bekannten abstieg.
80.
in seinem
kam er stets
in die Hauptstadt
Wurstwagen angefahren,
langen zinnoberroten
dessen Kasten und Räderwerk nie gewaschen
gezogen von vier bis sechs
werden durften,
Bauernkleppern
langhaarigen
oder seinen sechs
Vor und nach dem
Eselinnen.
italienischen
Wagen ritten
awei Jockeys in Samt mit reichen
Auch der Kutscher
Silbertressen.
auf dem
Bock trug diese Livree,
und je würdevoller
Eremit
der
im Gefährt
gravitätischer
und
die
desto mehr mochte seine Auffahrt
-sass,
Zeit das Faschings
Münchner an die lustige
erinnern.
(Kramer,
p. 424)
"
The six
_asses'milk
enjoyed watching
especially
Scotland
who visited
to
Caroline,
to
Netherlands
Orient,
in
the
and France
to Asia
travelling
and Greece
and returning
In 1836 he set
Egypt,
he met and married
American
who died
America
his
his
and moved into
estate
again
not
in
advertised
16 years
to
the
spent
old,
find
to
be able
the
received
He did
resumed
his
travels
by now aged 74.
Georgia,
Armenia
on a trumped
He wandered
and Persia.
with
year,
1840,
across
In Teheran
from
"all
he
he sold
in
Hallberg
not
more than
640 replies
however,
and
He then
as luggage
Europe
and
and Russia,
he approached
the
but
he would
propaganda.
one shirt
only
on to
which
him that
them up,
follow
fever.
Adler
incredibly,
and,
aimlessly
mission
from
of
angel
anti-French
writing
once more,
up diplomatic
not
wreck
challenged,
a veritable
much publicity
two years
next
thus
In
by Siberia,
a bet with
laid
Turkey
to sail
zum Schwarzen
Gasthof
a wife;
for
paper
advertisement!
the
the
Englishman
A resident
Munich.
by a ship
the
to
on foot
and rich
planning
The following
alive.
the
a nervous
of
from Alaska
Europe
was thwarted
escaped
narrowly
and Scotland,
back to
to America
voyage
only
travel
and to
via
and Italy.
cultured
a young,
a few days afterwards
England
In 1839 he visited
of
Hungary,
Sicily
Malta,
travelling
death
out
Austria,
through
Minor
via
the
after
and Algiers
1834,
in
Constantinople
girl,
figure
carnival
tours,
walking
and,
mid-20's
1835.
in
his
resumed
and Salzburg
Tyrol
being
guests
military
Such was the
creatures.
Hallberg
Low Countries
the
Hallberg
health.
1839.
in
From Birkeneck
ill
her
distinguished
his
by these
and thrown
tossed
for
as a cure
prescribed
had been
when Caroline
mares had been acquired
donkey
powerful"
the
Shah
King
81.
Bavaria;
of
tall
story
army
according
rare
Order
1847
In
to
India,
European
the
Sun and
the
the half
later,
Egypt
and
France.
at the
love
age of
her.
operation
85 and already
the
old
years in isolation,
was
-sinr-e
and lectress;
j hearing1nom
with
song
cages of
He had survived
at
the
long
uniform
of
the
by officers
Hallberg
to
Krämer,
in
blind,
sole
hundred
April,
Black
and friends
1862.
years
so violently
her
off
an eye
year
and he lived
blind
his
enjoyment,
family
children,
That
housekeeper
by a gardener,
and several
Three
he took
that
man totally
emaciated
his
1850 he bought
he fell
escaped.
girl
like
of
Bavaria.
Freising,
attended
on 17th
on 19th
funeral,
attended
fired
half
away
room was filled
Forest
clocks.
forgotten,
and died,
had
Caroline
The unfortunate
husband:
suffered
at the hands of her eccentric
A.
Die arme Frau, welche unter den, oft grausamen
Eulenspiegeleien
H. -B. 's eine unwürdige
Behandlung erlitt,
starb am 23. Sept. 1832
an den Folgen eines Sprunges aus dem Fenster,
Liebe
welchen ihr Gemahl als Zeichen ihrer
gebieterisch
verlangte.
(ADB, vol. X, p. 417)
since
At his
the
94,
age of
birds
wife,
Lower
from
girl
last
his
in
intent
and of Ludwig's
In November
Hdrmannsdorf
via
natives,
those
the
yet
his
the
with
invited
the
returning
he published
marking
to collapse.
The fortunate
rendered
1848,
of
he received
life
and
on him
Jerusalem,
to
Persian
on a European.
bestowed
year
civilisation,
an 18-year-old
with
to marry
plan
Schloss
ruined
That
The events
this
1848
in
and
bestowed
Rome (where
to
the
the
reorganise
before
a new idyllic
start
European
him.
caused
reign,
Pope)
believed
He also
never
again
the
hateful
join
Lion,
from
to
to
standards.
travelled
America
to
mind to
in
of
forthwith
Hallberg
to
flattered,
suitably
ruler,
ordered
honour
sail
from
and
Hallberg
another
Mecca,
Persian
the
the
salute,
Bavarian
April,
Order
and local
parish
1862,
St.
of
At his
death
his
Michael;
and four
farmers,
of Weng, where
Hallberg
he was to
full
title,
was dressed
the
coffin
camons,
be buried,
according
was:
Karl Theodor Maria Hubert
Reichsfreiherr
Sertib
Isidor
und
von Hallberg-Broich,
Grosskomtur
des Sonnen- und Ldwenordens
das Schah von Persien,
ehemaliger
tunesischer
Generalleutnant,
ehemaliger
in
was
gifted
were
to
by
82.
Feldobristhauptmann
Kgl. preussischer
und
des Landsturms
Oberbefehlshaber
am Rhein
Hauptmann
und an der Maas, churbairischer
Hausordens
des Kgl. Byr. alten
a. D., Ritter
des päpstlichen
ingleichen
vom hl. Michael,
des
Ordens von Gregor dem Grossen, Inhaber
des
Spornordens,
Ritter
päpstlichen
St. Annenordens
II.
Kaiserlich
russischen
KI. und des Ordens vom hl. Grabe zu
der Kgl. preussischen
Jerusalem,
Inhaber
Kriegsgedenkmünze,
Gründer der Kolonie
Hallberg
im Freisinger
Moos, Besitzer
des Schlosses
zu Hdrmannsdorf
sowie der
EhrenGüter Chammeregg und Schlondorf,
Freising
bürger von Aichach,
usw.
(Krämer,
p. 415)
However much one might reproach
(or
),
it is
eccentricities
madness?
enjoyed
as the
author
and journals
There
fame in
a certain
of
numerous
on varied
are varying
to
it
is
for
be remembered.
is
his
of
papers
to poetry.
strategy
writing
biographer
unswervingly
in Munich
as a writer,
travel
he
many different
in
military
worth
his
His
latterly
articles
his
that
surprising
especially
from
subjects,
that
KUnssberg-Thurnau18
day,
not
outspoken
opinions
becomes apparent
deserves
his
for
Hallberg-Broich
it
although
he
that
alone
Baron
and champion,
complimentary:
Hallberg-Broich
ist ausgezeichnet
als
Schriftsteller
im Gebiete der Topographie,
Strategie,
Poesie
und gemeinschaftlichen
.
Wissens,
tragen
das
und seine Schriften
Gepräge von Freimüthigkeit,
Ernst,
Heiterkeit,
Spott und Gutherzigkeit,
jedes an
seinem Orte.
(Kehrein,
p. 135)
Schütze
in
the
lets
it
of
nature
notoriety
Krüger
contemporary
beginning
be known that
of
the
is
20th
the
fame Hallberg
(Schütze,
more honest
p. 197),
yet,
enjoyed
while
looking
the
back
was more
non-
from
the
century:
[ins]
Er war kein begabter
Dichter,
aber a.
[
interessante,
Persönige]
naturwÜchs.
sehr
die am originellsten
in s. [einen]
lichkeit,
hervortritt.
Reisegeschichten
(Krüger,
p. 159)
Schmidt
echoes
historisch
nicht
theless
uses
Twenty
years
Hallberg's
he pronounces
(NOB9
Bedeutung"
vol. VII,
ohne
Kosch;
the
adjectives
before
Schmidt,
"grob"
in
and "kauzig"
1949,
Krämer
writings
p. 539),
to
"kulturbut
describe
had pointed
to
nonethem.
this
von
83.
Hallberg's
of
pecularity
style:
Art,
Es ist
eine Schrift
ein Genuss eigener
besonders eine
zu lesen,
von Hallberg
in der er von seinen Wanderungen
solche,
Eine Fülle
erzählt.
von kulturhistoBemerkungen
rischen
und völkerkundlichen
dabei weiss er gut zu
darin;
steckt
beobachten
und das Gesehene und Erlebte
auch entsprechend
zum Ausdruck zu bringen.
hält
Freilich,
Disposition
an eine strenge
er sich nicht,
er springt
vom Hundertsten
über
ins Tausendste
und redet seitenlang
Dinge, die gar nicht
stehen.
zu Erörterung
Am ergötzlichsten
ist es, wenn er ins
Theoretisieren
seine persönverfällt-und
lichen
Ansichten
Ein
vorträgt,
....
lebendiger,
ja leidenschaftlicher
Ton,
dem es weder an Derbheit
noch Keckheit
fehlt,
jede Seite seiner
durchweht
Schriften,
stets
aufrichtig
und originell
in Sprache und Auffassung.
Der Begriff
(die sich
und Ausdruck "Dummheit der Welt"
ihm vor allem in der Menschheitsgeschichte
kehrt
immer wieder und er wird
spiegelt)
Art - zu
nicht
müde, ihn - nach seiner
begründen.
der
Für die Schönheit
Kunst,
für die Eigenart
griechischen
Auge,
der agyptischen
Plastik
hat er kein
dagegen
Augenblicksgibt
er interessante
bilder
Volkes
des niederen
aus dem leben
in den von ihm durchwanderten
Gebieten,
Erlebnissen,
verflochten
mit persönlichen
das weibliche
Geschlecht
wobei,
wie gesagt,
Rolle
Sehr reich
stets
eine
spielt.
sind
Wanderbücher
seine
auch an historischen
Bemerkungen,
denen fast
höchst
stets
eine
Note eigen
ist,
persönliche
so dass sie
auch heute
noch amüsant
sind.
zu lesen
(Krämer,
These comments can be applied
Jahre
1839,
conventional
centrates
downtrodden
Reise
work
in
which
values,
instead
Hallberg
ignores
on the
must live.
nach England,
to be confiscated.
to the
also
freely
Indeed,
It
his
the
not
in
unrestrained
on,
which
whether
this
im
for
and con-
the
poor
comments of
Germany and Britain,
clear
England
contempt
dwell
others
conditions
both
is
422 - 423)
Reise durch
voices
much that
shocking
attacking
pp.
caused
and
the
the
was the
Reise durch England im Jahre 1839 or a further
published
work
(see Krämer, p. 422).
Of Hallberg's
books one can name: Reise durch Skandinavian
travel
(1822).
im Jahre 1817 (1818),
durch den Isar-Kreis
Reise-Epistel
84
durch
Italien
accounts
most
Reise
(1830),
den Rhein-
Ueber
und Donau-Kanal
und
(1831),
(1839),
den alten Handelsweg nach Indien
Reise nach dem Orient
im Jahre 1839 (1841) and from
Reise durch England und Schottland
all
Caucasus
Persien
und
The course
his
popular
his
way did
own peculiar
in many different
is
The modern appraisal
the most accurate,
probably
pompous and
selfish,
enjoying
the
travels
and
and knowledge
experience
wide
much about
reveals
eyes open on his
his
possess
fields.
alone
even exotic,
Yet he had kept
Russland,
(1844).
life
Broich's
He was eccentric,
person.
Deutschland,
durch
1842-44
Jahren
den
Hallberg-
of
self-important.
in
in
Reise
all,
of
of
his
character
of
objectivity
reflection
on a bygone age:
Die Abenteuer
Im Leben,
und Seltsamkeiten
von H., die Vielzahl
und Mannigfaltigkeit
Unternehmungen
seiner
seine
und Absichten,
Anschauständig
und sprunghaft
wechselnden
ungen lassen sich kaum auf einen gemeinsamen
Nenner bringen.
Allenfalls
könnte man ihn
als einen - nebenbei auch schriftstellernden
Weltbürger
Charakterverschrobenen
aus
Opportunismus
schwäche, aus Egoismus,
und
Geltungssucht
bezeichnen,
bei dem sich
freilich
Zeit uberauch Strömungen seiner
biedermeierliche
steigert
wiederfinden:
Eigenbrödelei
Tätigkeitsund faustischer
drang, Europamüdigkeit
und Exotismus.
(NDB, vol.
VII,
p. 538)
Moving
often
target
for
in
the
the
artistic
of Munich,
circles
he was a sitting
caricaturists:
Als phantastische,
Erscheiabsonderliche
berühmt und noch: heute nicht
nung weithin
dürfte
H., 'dessen Leben
ganz vergessen,
[Gistel]
"Theater"
einem einzigen
glich
Zeit
manchen Dichter
und Künstler
seiner
beeinflusst
haben.
(Ibid,
p. 53919)
Holland's
comparison
most apt'of
all
In his
a witty,
system,
Reise
often
by virtue
Hallberg-Broich
he belonged
-
have suited
might
of
his
stubborn
durch
caustic
of
England
humour.
doing
just
to
with
another
im Jahre
For all
this
Eulenspiegel
is
and the
14th
age,
peculiarities
,
perhaps
century
admirably.
1839,
his
Hallberg-Broich
delight
he reveals
in
much that
attacking
displays
the
goes unnoticed
85.
or unsaid,
by others.
behind
unconventional
his
In many ways he hides
image;
a wealthy
and aged eccentric,
outspoken
bitterness
September
1839,
He arrived
the
summer touring
spent
Manchester
he travelled
to Edinburgh,
he boarded
the
visiting
Fort
Augustus,
This
as
steamer,
from
Staffs
took
often
writings
and derision.
having
acute
awareness
he had nothing
since
his
his
in
the
Scotland
of
in
From
to Glasgow,
Oban, Fort
as
form
England.
there
from
to lose
where
William
and
Canal to Inverness.
up the Caledonian
(it
He left
Inverness
at 1 a. m.
one morning
was now mid-September)
five hours later.
to travel
the 145 miles to Wick, where he arrived
sailed
thus
before
one journey
to Kirkwall,
from
Aberdeen,
a voyage
south
Perth
for
via
his
he did
Orkney
three
days.
and Kinross
back
a few more days
celebrated
sailing
71st
of
before
birthday.
not
make on foot.
to Shetland,
leaving
and from
From Aberdeen
to
Edinburgh,.
the
country.
He then
Lerwick
he travelled
where
he stayed
He had just
to
86.
MARX
Karl
Freidrich
Karlsruhe.
Heinrich
From 1813 he studied
Heidelberg
his
Marx passed
interruption,
for
the
and,
at
nine
months.
He then
doctor
Library
accessions
in
published
in
den Giften
in
Hinsicht.
the
University
Library
the
warrant
publication
by Marx and the
prepared
the
epidemic,
for
Hofrath
it
he was to
A published
years
this
in
refers
later.
is
of
also
professorship
his
Marx's
borne out
in
His
'Harzreise',
views
by the
1826,
were
subject
was burnt.
namely
latter
in
was the
mediciniecher,
to which
Heine
was published
two
humanitarian
and
on attaining
Die von Marx in seiner
in seinem
eigenen,
Jünglingssehr ausgedehnten
und Mannesalter
ärztlichen
Praxis
gewonnene Erkenntnisa,
dass der Arzt nicht
bloss als Heilkünstler,
sondern auch als Mensch am Krankenbotte
eine
I
and
personality.
further:
euthanasia;
cholera
was extensive
of 1824,
essentially
years
Königlich
recognition
which
already
and five
on the
practice
he offered
to
the
Göttingen
20
work, '
volume
known Göttingen
Hinsicht,
von
the
use of
specialist
won him local
Göttingen,
und historischer
physischer
jokingly
1840.
work,
Die Lehre
He was created
become a well
work which
topography
medical
in
same time
successful
a paper
Professor.
he
general
Professor
he published
which
ordentlicher
Hannöverscher
through
in
year
University
early
sufficiently
In 1826 Marx became ausserordentlicher
later,
the
proposed
manuscript
as a
und polizeilicher
to make ample
was not
the
Marx'
especially
unfortunately
of
as the
the
at
gerichtlicher
1827,
in
was published
for
habilitating,
after
of importance,
records;
involvement
where he qualified
Husemann considers
Marx was able
an unexpected
imprisoned
Göttingen
was
on to
moving
fraternity
faculty,
medical
medicinischer,
For this
to
In 1822,
1820's,
the
his
authorities,
soon moving
as a doctor.
practising
Prussian
officer.
became Privatdocent
for
which
to Karlsruhe,
1818,
in
moved on to Jena,
1820,
in
medical
which
the
of
Returning
of
'diatribe
venarum',
Here he met with
studies.
he was arrested
request
University
entitled
vita
examination
medical
his
a paper
atque
March 1796 in
the
at
later.
two years
state
to further
for
de structure
in Karlsruhe
published
on 10th
medicine
1817 won a prize
and in
anatomico-physiologica
Vienna
Marx was born
his
87.
Wirkung habe, die er nur aussegensreiche
üben könne, wenn er die nöthigen
sittlichen
Eigenschaften
ist
dazu besitze,
im
zuerst
'A_kesios.
in die ethischen
Blicke
Beziehungen
der Medicin'
... ausgesprochen.
(Hirsch,
vol. IV, p. 106)
latter
This
in
1848.
Marx himself
translation,
for
he devotes
several
Britain
in
and the
book trade
scarce
and very
Throughout
his
to
and
read
Marx's
fifty-five
to
Bacon,
Marx's
Leonardo
frequent
His
he remains
his
von historischen
as a doctor,
he writes
as a pharmacologist
the
Forschungen
physiolog.
und chem.
(Hirsch,
vol. IV, p. 105).
and disciple,
conservative
Rohlfs,
was
a
the
particular
1863,
in
Ueber
und meine
is
die
Theilin
much value
Although
as regards
most of
in
jemals
Pharmakodynamik
By the
Francis
some 485 articles,
jedoch
abgesehen,
der
become both
that
"ohne
subject,
besten
figure.
a controversial
originality
to
there
on
Herophilus,
in
Anzeigen
that
agree
and
works
Marx
he published
gelehrten
ethics
critical
he wrote
which
a work
Critics
work was devoted
student
for
medicine,
criminal
Leibniz,
papers,
yet
he had evidently
p. 541)),
and
Husemann recognises
zu erlangen"
XX,
vol.
he
applied
zu den
die
journals
Göttingischen
very
others,
many
nahme an denselben.
Verständniss
amongst
of,
to
der
Fache,
include
Haller.
of
both
medical
Arbeit,
(ADB,
subject
Britain's
this
from
subjects
writings
history
Anzeigen',
that
Göttingen,
fields;
von
Wirksamkeit
later
in
career
Albrecht
was the
contribution
and books
and
gelehrte
work,
fact
da Vinci
and which
Marx's
the
anthropology,
vortreffliche
contributor
'Göttinger
stem from
year
published
zählt"
with
relations
Britain.
to
medical
an England
Germany and German language
of
he covered
and
English
by this
to Germany's
much in many diverse
("eine
Leistungen
to
in
seldom
pharmacology
importance
148-155)
he sees
His
Theophrastus
(pp.
English
into
Erinnerungen
of his
makes German newspapers
history.
medical
letter
ignorance
teaching,
toxicology
34th
pages
and published
also
the
the
which
closed
wrote
must have been gratified
British
and literature,
1844 and translated
in
work was published
Marx's
letzterem
ein
der Neuzeit
end of Marx's
and somewhat
to whom he bequeathed
his
career
eccentric.
his
considerable
88.
was to become his
fortune,
in
Rohlfs'
eyes
"Marx
was to Marx's
as a "Gründer
Einzige",
der
was faultless.
Medicin",
and this
biographer
der
biography,
The resulting
detriment;
ethischen
which
comprises
der deutschen
150 pages of the first
Geschichte
part of Rohlfs'
(Husemann, p. 106;
(1875),
has been aptly
termed a panegyric
Medicin
over
ADB, vol. XX, p. 541).
the
Husemann gives
more balanced
view:
Seine literarische
Bizarrerie
steht
übrigens
im Einklangs
mit allerlei
Sonderbarkeiten
in Bezug auf UmgangsLeben und Lebensgewohnheiten,
formen,
25 Jahren zur
welche Marx in den letzten
Schau trug,
und die, verbunden mit den
antiquirten
verfochtenen
von ihm häufig
Anschauungen in Bezug auf alle
möglichen
Marx" in seinem
Gegenstände,
den "alten
Wirkungsbezirke
qualials Sonderling
ficirten.
Selbst
in den Kreisen
der
Göttinger
Universität
und der med.
Facultät,
in welchen Marx, abgesehen
Beweggründen,
von persönlichen
wegen
Abneigung gegen jede
seiner
prononcirten
Neuerung,
Chemie,
gegen pathologische
gegen Institute,
welche nach seiner
Ansicht
die Freiheit
des akademischen
Lehrers
beliebt
beschränkten,
war,
nicht
ist daher der Kern der Wahrheit
in
Übertriebener
Rohlf's
allerdings
und
daher der Satire
anheimgefalalsbald
lener
VerdienWUrdigung
Marx's
von
...
sten kaum anerkannt
worden.
(Hirsch,
vol. IV, pp. 106-7)
Marx never
married
Erinnerungen
Marx's
1842.
letters
are
the
not
Letters
form
dated,
4 to
beginning
of
travelled
north
via
Edinburgh
he continued
the
toured
of
the
but
in Göttingen
judging
the
Derby,
and than
from
Marx toured
York
by stage
mostly
visited
the
in
his
during
coach
on foot,
Glasgow.
to
to Stirling
took
which
the
Rain
Braunschweig
1841 and his
he wrote
of
the
in
to
in
travel
Scot-
summer months.
which
took
London,
he
Edinburgh.
place
From
and Callender,
steamer
prevented
his
The
Braunschweig.
tour,
arrived
and Berwick
in
account
Scottish
Having
visit.
in
Britain
57 letters
of
and Chemistry
10 describe
Trossachs,
and Dumbarton
Marx was in
a series
Physics
of
number
at
implies,
can be assumed that
it
he died
cancer,
1841 was published
an England
title
Professor
brother,
land,
As the
takes
account
from
suffering
1877.
on 2nd October,
in
and,
to Balloch
a planned
69,
visit
to
he visited
Cambridge.
visiting
Ireland,
the
and he returned
Isle
of Wight,
He sailed
Paris.
from
south
Ryde,
Dover
via
Lancaster.
Portsmouth,
and returned
Slough,
From London
Oxford
to Germany after
and
90.
KOHL
Johann Georg Kohl,
Bremen on the
Elard
of
Kohl,
his
April,
25th
and his
life.
1808,
the
Minna.
wife,
In his
and travel
geographer
eldest
the wine
son of
From an early
Hütten
was part
he recounts
followings
the
"Du wirst
einmal weit reisen",
sagte
Jemand zu mir, "denn deine Zähne stehen
"Ist
denn
sehr weit auseinander".
das wirklich
dass man weit
ein Zeichen,
"Ja, das ist so, "
werde? " reisen
hiess es, was ist allgemein
bekannt".
Diese Aeusserung
blieb
mir unvergesslich
und ich baute wie auf Felsen.
(Kohl,
Aus meinenHütten,
Kohl
several
journeys
to Hannover,
his
enjoyed
years-old
His
in
merchant,
age travel
Aus meinen
autobiographical
was born
writer,
Bremen,
own native
seaport,
also
p. 201)
when he was seven
first
home town,
mother's
a busy
the
as a boy,
vol. i.
Göttingen
contributed
and Kassel.
desire
to his
to see the world:
Wie in mir dieser
Reise- und
ungezügelte
Wandertrieb,
der allen
meinen anderen
Trieben
und Anlagen Uber den Kopf
gewachsen ist,
entstanden
sein und wie er
gewählt
sein mag, darüber weiss ich selbst
Die
mir nur wenig Rechenschaft
zu geben.
Hauptsache muss wohl angeboren sein,
denn
ein anderer Mensch, der mit mir beinahe
im gleichen
Alter
war und mit mir ganz
dieselbe
Erziehung
genoss, hatte nichts
von diesem
Triebe.
Ein Stück davon mag ich meiner
Individualität,
ein Stück meiner Nationalität,
ein Stück meiner Erziehung
und meiner
Umgebung verdanken.
ersten
I, p. 203)
Ibid vol.
Ever since
the
"Völkerwanderung",
"Wanderlustiger
considers
It
...
Bremen itself
was common for
Robinson
Brazil,
Crusoe
Mexico
to see distant
the
like
als
he says,
andere
Nationen"
to have
been the
(Ibid,
chief
young people of the town,
(Ibid,
himself
p. 212), to
and the West Indies
lands
the
was almost
(Ibid,
Germans have been
p. 203),
influence
all
innate:
Nichts
an
rührte
mich von Kindesbeinen
mehr, als die Lieder
und Geschichte%
Bergen der Ferne"
welche von den "blauen
he
on him.
weaned on
travel
pp. 203 -4).
but
to America,
The urge
91.
handelten,
deren es in der Literatur
deutschen Nation
wanderlustigen
unserer
"0 könnte
eine so grosse Anzahl giebt.
ich doch den Ausweg finden,
aus dieses
Dieses Lied
Thales finstern
Gründen".
unseres Dichters
wusste ich schon frühich sagte es mir wohl
zeitig
auswendig,
hundert
Mal vor und habe oft lange
"0 welche
darüber
Das Lieds
gebrütet.
Lust gewährt das Reisen: " hörte ich zum
Male in dem kleinen
Theater meiner
ersten
ich fragte
Vaterstadt
singen;
seitdem
junge Mädchen meiner Bekanntwohl hundert
schaft,
ob sie mir dieses Lied wohl noch
einmal vorsingen
wollten,
und hörte mit
Entzücken
zu, wenn sie es thaten.
(Ibid,
vol. I, p. 193)
However prosaic
him to
Kohl
heart
be at
seem to
may sometimes
a Romantic.
be,
Wolkenhauer
this
passage
writes:
Schon während seiner
Schuljahre
erwachte
in ihm ein ungezügelter
Reise- und
Wandertrieb
seine Anlage und
und trat
Neigung für geographische
und topohervor.
Den
Beschreibung
graphische
Grund zu diesem Reise- und Wandertrieb
haben wir,
theils
wie K. selbst
schreibt,
in seiner
Individualität,
in
theils
Nationalität
Theil
seiner
und zum. grössten
in seiner
Erziehung
ersten
und seiner
Umgebung zu suchen.
Der Mann, der Kohl's
Unterricht
leitete,
in
ersten
war selbst
Nordamerika
und in West Indien
gewesen;
ElternVerwandter,
der in Kohl's
ein alter
haus aus- und eingingen,
in verschiedenen
anderen Welttheilen.
(ADB, vol.
XVI, p. 425)
In 1827, on leaving
in Bremen, Kohl studied
school
in
year
Göttingen,
although
and Mathematics.
he stayed
for
to Munich
in
the
neither
kept
which
above all
by the
in
graf
one semester,
the
him in
the
family
Medem at
of
in
Munich,
Baron
Ellay
moving
1829.
Later
the
the
of his
support
his
family.
von Manteuffel
and worked
in
this
that
studies
father
1830 to
he moved in
it
was
good beer
and after
Kurland,
and then
for
and
were curtailed
six
one
where
He was employed
at Zierau
capacity
where
so many artists
of
a
more on foot!
even the
But his
death
for
Heidelberg,
(once
again
nor
presence
Alps.
to
he admitted
professors
and subsequent
helped
of
before
but
Munich,
proximity
years
of
attended
(on
foot)
moved on
law
on Technology
lectures
he also
and its
university
as tutor
the
spring
bankruptcy
and a half
duties
He then
shows
his
first
by Reichsyears
until
)
92.
1836,
November,
Beiträge
Urgeschichte
zur
Bremen to promote
zen,
his
first
fruit
of
a tour
with
his
real
first
the
following
the
spring
the
winter
as also
was a work
he published
in
fläche.
For
next
America,
the
twenty
as he went,
writing
only
the
XVI,
p. 426).
career,
200 articles
nearly
and thorough,
number of works
following
accounts
the
his
and labours:
(1842)
Staaten
works
Hundert
(which
followed
topical
their.
in
a year
publication
in
in
and therefore
1846 and 1847.
widely
During
studies
on the
River
begun,
an extensive
German rivers,
but
Weser,
geographical
the
freer
travel
extent
of
den österrei-
von Humboldt),
(1844).
Wales
und
Schleswig-Holstein
1848 he moved to
already
in
Reisen
England
and in
his
the
and Reisen
a large
to Alexander
Interlaken
further
of
Tage auf
de-
very
earlier
the
his
in
he wrote
of
to
applicable
most part
an idea
give
and
Wolkenhauer
83 volumes
Of the
he dedicated
concerning
were particularly
is
addition
unpublished.
titles
select
(1844)
in Schottland
and in
70 reviews
remained
the
Erdober-
Europe
that
scripsi"
for
Ansied-
der
Gestalt
was to publish
and papers,
over
which
Kohl
received,
und die
traverse
was to
scarcely
were well
von der
vidi,
then
and
The nine
and so prolifically
"Veni,
phrase
and Odessa,
Crimea
the
the
Der Verkehr
Kohl
years
himself
and Moscow,
Russia.
of
journeys
1841,
was the
writing.
Charkow
and into
these
in
in
Sea and in
provinces
of
to his
Petersburg
Ukraine,
Abhängigkeit
ihrer
that
considers
him (ADO, vol.
Three
the
inner
as a result
der Menschen
Reisen
in
accessible
Ostseeprovin-
base was Dresden;
St.
Dorpat,
1838 on the Black
[Livonia]
to Livland
lungen
chischen
in
fact
financing
time
entire
all
This
of Kurland,
whole
his
1836-7
of
too,
he published
he was in
literature.
travel
and summer of
volumes
travels
the
autumn and winter
known and none too
tailed
to
un-
he burnt
Die deutsch-russischen
to devote
able
he had travelled,
North
however,
out,
to
by his
to Kurland
From 1838 to 1853 his
savings.
He had spent
turned
he had made of
and Kindergeschichten
In 1834 he travelled
return
contribution
himself
he now felt
on his
to publish
and proceeded
undeterred
Mundes Laute,
was so disheartened
but
works,
As it
works.
remaining
1833 and 1834.
that
reception
enthusiastic
his
these
Deutschen
works,
Erfindungen
einiger
in
und Nichtgeschichten,
first
his
publishing
and Denmark;
read
that
time
Bremen,
since
at
the
and greater
of
had spent
ostensibly
and anthropological
atmosphere
time
Kohl
he planned,
these
to
and had
study
foreign
93.
contact
in
the
of
North
America,
he nonetheless
he toured
and travelled
While
and the West grew.
New World
1849-53
mark and Kohl's
made their
Bremen enjoyed
which
the
Rhineland,
in
the Alps:
also
his
commencing
travelled
studies
and from
elsewhere,
Danube country,
the
interest
the
Netherlands
(1851)
Arbeiten
Der
Rhein
und Die
wie
Donau von ihrem Ursprungs
bis Pest
(1853) zeigen,
dass K. bemüht war über
die Reiseschriftstellörei
hinaus den
Zusammenhang historischer
und geoErscheinungen
graphischer
zu erfassen.
(ADB, vol.
XVI, pp. 426-7)
In 1852 Kohl
professor
Geography.
of
however,
was offered
From 1853 he spent
the
Lack of
and he decided
desired
America;
in
from
Oxford,
furthering
his
British
Museum he was given
He then
of
set
Scotsman
the
with
library
of
however,
ted,
He then
the
family
the
newly
and Indian
region
on Canada and the
that
he found
North
the
America
discovery
collection
friend
of
to Washington,
Chicago
his
It
country
Indians.
writings
was at
he worked
the
with
astonishing
New World
historical
who knew him at
on North
America
time,
tells
required
size.
But although
he had a wealth
his
of
stay
in
of
an extensive
while
reduce
1856,
history
Deane,
History
works
in
he went
gathered
how Kohl,
1857 to 1858 on the U. S. Govt. Survey Office's
had an army of assistants
for him to
working
include
on the
Charles
maps and charts.
this
where
'Hiawatha'.
Lakes
Great
Throughout
and as a result
for
plans
the
diligence
acquain-
closely
and into
stimulus.
to
access
and met Washington
poet's
Harvard,
a
-In New York
gained
Society
the
with
contact
Johannes,
to
he travelled
In October
Edmond Logan.
discussed
by a
and Canada,
and came into
they
and
the
In London at
whom he was to-become
with
London
Paris,
States
United
brother,
of
to maps and charts
Geographical
most intellectual
of
of
his
without
Discovery
subject.
William
formed
and together
travelled
the
a new subject.
in
also
September.
authority,
was Longfellow
It
Irving.
for
sail
to nothing,
on the
access
valuable
of Naturalists
and Canadian
he stayed
however,
Graz as
he lectured,
where
on this
on 7th
Quebec to a conference
Berlin,
this
to
studies
in
chair
brought
he stayed
research
Philadelphia
in
arriving
in
1854
spring
Major.
his
Humboldt,
the
Mr.
funds
to devote
some months
response
established
a newly
a Harvard
working
of
the
from
East
Coast,
the maps down to
material
at
his
the
94.
disposal,
both
the
West Passage
North
on the
to be published
ing
this
1860's
of Gilbert
Charter
Deane tells
beautiful
1578,
but
us that
Kohl
maps would
was finally
in
published
Deane reports
that
from
of Maine,
in
1857,
in
Government
his
Coast
his
the
of
the
of
Northamerica,
Northmen
in
990 to
U. S.
this,
and
that
broken-hearted
However,
the work
Society
Historical
Maine
the
by the
prevented
for.
British
the
concern-
Coast
home almost
1869 by the
of
East
the
now be uncared
Major,
works
to Germany in
return
difficulties
returned
was able
have been published
should
financial
the
and of
this
none of
most part
after
The History
and West coasts
Straits,
the
were published
material
and 1870's.
particularly
for
time;
East
the
of
and Magellan
the
at
the
history
and
Museum, wrote:
It is a most admirable
and I am
work;
that it was at my suggestproud to think
ion that the proposal
was made to my
learned
friend
to undertake
so responsible
a task.
and difficult
(Deane, p. 384)
It
was published
it
was
in
German in
in1877;
Berlin
Bulthaupt
Ruf
ein Werk, das Kohl's
amerikanischen
nur noch erhöhte
und ihm in der Neuen
Welt die Huldigung
der einzige
eintrug,
Alexander
Nachfolger
ebenbürtige
von
Humboldt's
zu sein.
(Ersch/Cruber,
vol. XXXVIII,
Kohl
set
London and Paris
He was created
tion
Stadtbibliothekar
both
to help,
engendered
and papers,
the
'Weser
in
Europas,
particular
Zeitung',
work.
which
lectured
too,
and geographical
for
he published
world.
Die
'Göttinger
and
concerning
to publish
continued
and wrote
geographische
1874,
friendly
studies,
Kohl
which
in which
post,
always
'Allgemeine
the
year.
institution,
This
historical
the
in
the
figure,
regularly
'Ausland',
journals.
In addition
further
and the wider
Bremen itself
as a geographer,
local
that
via
1863 and h&s reorganisa-
October
librarian.
a popular
p. 40)
travelling
December of
transformed
cataloguing
he soon made himself
ready
in
had a full-time
before
June 1858,
in
Bremen in
in
and arriving
and meticulous
had never
Europe
once more for
sail
that
writes
widely
Zeitung'
for
journals
in Augsburg,
Gelehrten-Anzeigen'
Lage der
was a particularly
he was a member of many learned
Hauptstädte
successful
societies
and
95.
the
universities
Königsberg,
of
bestowed
on him Honorary
writings
were so numerous
spinal
complaint
in
died,
which
Bremen,
friend
of
Kohl
his
believed
published
to be no single
from
suffered
paralysis
gradual
and Boston21
a severe
and from
which
to his
American
he
1878.
as a man we can turn
Charles
and colleague,
life
October,
Kohl
is
there
that
caused
on 28th
For an account
Indeed,
doctorates.
In later
them.
of
collection
(Maine)
Brunswick
Deane,
who wrote
his
in
obituary
1878:
December,
He was a tall,
spare man, of great energy
of character,
and full
of enthusiasm
on
his special
theme.
During the winter
that he spent in Cambridge,
he would sometimes carry off from my own library
he,
armfuls
of books, whenever he thought
in them of a map which
could find a trace
he had not seen, or a new fact bearing
on
his subject.
I remember once on leaving
my house he slung a large
package of books
like
over his shoulder,
a traveller's
pack,
and trudged
off with them in a drifting
for
snow-storm,
making me almost tremble
my precious
volumes.
(Deane, p. 382)
Kohl
remained
family
though
single,
and was an ever
he kept
popular
in
close
contact
In Charles
uncle.
his
with
Deane's
words
once more:
Dr. Kohl was never married.
He was
He had the
wedded only to his science.
enthusiasm,
perseverance
and learning
so
characteristic
of German scholars,
united
to the most beautiful
simplicity
of
After
the death of Humboldt,
character.
he was unquestionably
the most distinin Europe.
guished geographer
(Deane, p. 384)
Be that
to
as it
be found
In the
he received
the
above
from
He writes
passage,
Kohl,
of
has forgotten
the American
in
only
publication
labours
Europe
may,
his
on the
history
(in
English):
in
Deane goes on to describe
the
the
his
name is
biographies.
spring
work on the
of
him and to-day
North
of 1878.
Magellan
In
Straits,
West Passage
this
the
last
Kohl
but
his
letter
tells
of
continued
had been thwarted.
96.
The greatest
part of this work I had
for print,
finished
when
and prepared
ago such a
about one and a half years'
of my body befell
weakness and frailness
to give up all
me, that I was obliged
Some
working,
and writing.
studying,
chapters
or specimens of this work are
in this moment in the "Ausland"
printing
But the entire
work, at which
of Cotta.
for years,
I have been laboring
will
in my
I am so invalid
never come out.
legs that I am unable to walk from one
I can
table or room to the other;
and that
Woods, enjoy nature
like
my dear Professor
How
and fresh air only in a carriage.
happy would I be if I could ride in his
the lofty
woods and picturcompany through
Here, near my
esque scenery of Maine;
is indeed
father-town,
Bremen, the landscape
I improve
tame and uninteresting.
extremely
thinking
it a little
of my
on my excursions,
dear Professor
Woods and his enjoyments.....
Preserve me your friendship,
and farewell.
A great joy would it be for me if you would
to me a little
take the trouble
to write
and
and doings,
more of your own life
friend,
particularly
of my dear, revered
Longfellow.
(Quoted in Deane, pp. 384-5)
The sentiments
expressed
In Aus meinen
Hütten
here
Kohl
would
the
Scottish
scenery,
of his
partiality
for
suit
had written
solitude:
Dieser Hang hat mich in allen
Perioden
Städten,
meines Lebens aus den volkreichen
die ich zuweilen
in die
bewohnen musste,
Wildniss
hinausgetrieben
und hat mich stets
der Welt,
die
von der grossen Heerstrasse
ich zuweilen
bewandelte,
auf die einsamen
Felsder versteckten*Thäler
und Fusspfade
der unbewohnten Berge geführt.
(Kohl,
Aus meinen Hütten,
vol. I,
A Scottish
love
of
although
all
his
thus
visit
life.
his
nature
and home, was the
solitude
it
suited
abated
in
later
years,
perfectly.
overriding
desire
was to accompany
too.
p. 101)
Set against
to
Kohl
He writes:
Dies ging
Humani nihil
a me alienum puto.
den
durch
Knabe
beständig
als
schon
mir
Ich sprach dies tausend mal nach.
Kopf.
Papierchen
Ich schrieb
es auf hundert
Ich hatte
es immer in Gedanken.
nieder.
Es wurde Wahlspruch
Alles,
meines Lebens.
was die Menschen angeht,
alles,
was auf
travel,
in
this
which,
some degree
97.
die Menschen eine nahe oder nur die entfernich wissen,
teste Beziehung hätte,
wollte
ich erspüren.
ich kennen, wollte
wollte
(Ibid,
vol. II,
p. 234)
The human interest
perhaps
Aus
is
fitting
most
for
in
evident
very
Kohl's
in
Reisen
is
epitaph
Schottland,
a further
but
comment
from
Hütten:
meinen
Wenn ich jetzt
das, was mir schon
an alles
zurückvon Jugend auf durch den Kopf ging,
ich nie
denke, so scheint
es mir, als hätte
nie andere
andere Gedanken als Reisegedanken,
Pläne als Reisepläne,
nie andere Phantasien
als Reisephantasien
gehabt und gehegt.
(Ibid,
vol. I, p. 192)
As an academic Kohl knew his limitations:
Andere Menschen haben ihre Hauptkraft
in
irgendeiner
Eigenthümlichhervorragenden
keit.
in der
Ich habe meine Hauptkraft
Mittelmein ganzes Wesen durchdringenden
ist der
Mittelmässigkeit
mässigkeit
...
Ausdruck meines ganzen Seins.
eigentliche
(Ibid,
382)
I,
p.
"vol.
Mediocre or modest, he was absolutely
genuine and his thirst
knowledge
unquenchable:
Contemporary
his
in
Meine Ohren hatten
das
schon frühzeitig
Wort Pölyhistor
aufgefangen
und ich hörte
mit Entzücken von Menschen, die es
hatten,
den Umfang des ganzen
versucht
Wissens zu erschöpfen.
Obmenschlichen
ich bald einsah,
dass dies zu dieser
gleich
Zeit nicht
sei,
so härte ich
mehr möglich
doch nicht
auf, dem Phantome, das mir
vorschwebte,
nachzujagen,
und ich habe
dies eigentlich
bis auf diesen Augenblick
herab immer unwillkürlich
weil
gethan,
Ich hielt
meine Natur einmal danach war.
geradezu nichts,
was den Schatz meiner
Kenntnisse
Weise vermehren
auf irgendeine
für fremdartig.
Es kam mir vor,
konnte,
Und
alles
als gehörte
zu meinem Fache.
wie auf Japanisch
wenn ich auch nur erfuhr,
so merkte ich es mir
eine Heugabel hiess,
darüber
Über
freute
wie
eine
mich
und
Vermehrung des Kapitals
meines Wissens.
. (Ibid,
vol. Il,
p. 336)
the esteem in which Kohl was held
critics
reveal
lifetime.
1862.
were the
for
Both
Lorck's
The former,
result
of
his
and Schütze's
discussing
six-year
Kohl's
stay
in
biographies
early
the
travel
Baltic
during
were compiled
works,
provinces,
which
writes:
98.
die Vorzüge, die, noch
Sie hatten bereits
ihn zu einem der
ausgebildet,
weiter
Schriftsteller
beliebtesten
gemacht haben:
Styl,
lebensvollen
einen blühenden,
eine
keineswegs
Unparteilichkeit,
farblose
eine
im Urtheil
grosse Sicherheit
und ein
der kleinen
Hervorheben
und
aller
richtiges
grossen Züge, auf denen die EigenthUmlichkeit
Landschaft
beruht.
einer
eines Volks,
(Lorck,
vol. II,
p. 523)
Schütze,
Reise_schriftKohl as an "ausgezeichneter
who describes
(Schütze,
p. 176), and whose entry on him is given as much
steller"
space
writer
as that
on Lessing,
makes the
contemporary
a travel
demands of
even more plain:
ReisebeK. ist
einer der geistreichsten
schreiber,
wozu ihn neben seinem scharfBeobachtungsgeiste
sinnigen
seine grundlichenStudien
auf dem Gebiete der Gesch.,
Geographie,
der Naturwissenschaften,
etc.,
Lektüre*u.
eine fleissige
eine reiche
Erfahrung,
die zu den interessantesten
Parallelen
Erläuteu. den schlagendsten
rungen Anlass gibt,
noch bes, befähigen.
Allem,
Uber was er schreibt,
weiss er ein
Interesse
allgem.
u, jeden
abzugewinnen
Überall
Leser zu fesseln.
denkt er
über Natur,
Leben u. Gesche u.
selbständig
benutzt,
stellt,
wenn er fremdes Material
dasselbe
bloss roh u. ungeordnet
nicht
wieder hin, sondern beherrscht
es vollkommen
u. erhebt
sich darüber
zu durchaus eigenen
Anschauungen.
Zumeist tritt
bei K. die
Natur des Landes, die Sitte
der Menschen
hervor,
aber in diesen Schilderungen
gibt
die Unterlage
er uns selbst
zur richtigen
Zustände u.
Beurtheilung
der grossen polit.
der histor.
Verhältnisse.
(Ibid,
p. 177)
Later
critics
find
much to
his
death,
steller
Bulthaupt
cal
writes
in
und Geograph,
schaftlicher
(Ersch/Cruber,
die
vol.
such unqualified
Kohl's
of
work.
Kohl
der
Deutschland
for
he can only
p.
37).
pendantic
praise
nonetheless
Less than
ten
years
zu vereinigen
detail
Bulthaupt
and sometimes
praktische
after
Schrift-
Begründer
eigentliche
While
"die
but
Unterhaltung
und Darstellung
XXXVIII,
praise,
as an "ausgezeichneter
den Ton populärer
Beobachtung
had a weakness
accuracy,
in
compliment
Reisebeschreibung,
Kohl
from
refrain
mit
der
wissen-
bestrebt
recognises
lacked
Nutzanwendung
ist"
that
historider
...
99.
Gedankenreihe,
angeknüpften
baren
Boden gefallen
the
of
work;
die
(Ibid,
ist"
travel
p. 38)
hin
is
which
in
he wrote
works
Seiten
nach allen
be found
to
1840's,
the
frucht-
auf
his
in
he writes:
Die Arbeiten
dieselbe
hatten
Tendenz:
alle
die Erlebnisse
für
des Reisenden
auf eine
Land und Leute
Weise
charakteristische
darzustellen
und auch der Wissenschaft
Beobachtungen
specielle
zuzuführen.
(Ibid,
It
is
interesting
never
that
the
received
in
enjoyed
the
travel
into
achievement
Over fifty
Germany which
he finds
is
a depth
Kohl
he
particularly
lacking
often
Alexander
later,
years
that
considers
himself
Bulthaupt
in which
Hütten,
works.
in
recognition
and America.
Britain
drawn to Aus meinen
in
1885 Bulthaupt
even in
scientific
p. 38)
puts
Kohl's
perspective:
Er
Anspruch
hat nie darauf
erhoben,
Arbeiten
die
dieser
unter
der Wissenschaft
eingereiht
zu
Leserkreis
Für einen
breiteren
werden.
die Schilderungen
dort
bestimmt,
waren
fanden
Interesse
Die
sie
und Beifall.
Art
der Darstellung
wird
manche Leser
vielleicht
weniger
sie ist
ansprechen,
häufig
breit
und ausführlich,
und manche
Einzelheiten
scheinbar
unwesentlichen
Aber zu der Zeit,
in
werden
gebracht.
der diese
Bücher
entstanden,
war die
Kenntnis
der europäischen
Länder,
sowohl
ihrer
Naturbeschaffenheit
als auch ihrer
Bevölkerungszusammensetzung
nach,
noch
nicht
so verbreitet,
was heute
und manches,
selbstverständlich
erscheint,
oder unwichtig
wurde als neu und interessant
aufgegerne
nommen.
selbst
auf Grund
Vertreter
(Alexander,
There
is
fifty
years
then
they
after
taken
details
much truth
certainly
for
The works
one occasion.
in
1842.
He and his
in
Britain
in
Skizzen.
that
work
Kohl
above,
dealt
sister,
year
many of
social
visited
Aus den Tagebüchern
things
the
the
the
they
which
were
interest
Isles
British
from
spent
published
von Ida Kohl
nearly
pedantic-seeming
and historical
with here arose
22
Ida (1814-88),
and together
already,
and yet
words,
now forgotten;
are
granted
As indicated
those
were written,
much of Kohl's
give
in
pp. 29-30)
to-day.
on more than
his
first
eight
visit
months
Englische
und J. G. Kohl
(1845);
100,
they
also
in
was to publish
Schottland
(Arnold,
exhaustive
work
Land und Leute
However.
all
1844;
in
appeared
on Paris
collaborated
thirteen
der
these
translated
was also
ed.
An abridged
1844.
Also
these
Kohl
Scotland,
from
Stirling
at least
that
the
in
in
the
in
from
not
the
longer.
tour,
went
there
reading
to make up
Forth
to
the
1842 and travelledto Stirling,
Dunkeld
Cheviots
from
and on to
and on to
duration
He
on foot.
he returned
its
and
journals.
part
October
the
through
complete
London when he visited
late
From Stirling
by John
expected
various
greater
along
in
German
original
is
which
to Loch Tay and Killin
south
the
he
includ-
appeared
translated
articles
in
the
of
his
by Chapman &
edition
of
behind
back
so much of
if
this
advance
and Perth,
and travelled
a month,
year
from
travels
books
work,
was a popul-
Much of what
published
was published,
alone,
Edinburgh,
he walked
travel
the
year,
by steamer
there
three
1844).
latter
Kohl
excerpts
Scottish
the
and Scotland,
Ida
back to Stirling.
Edinburgh
Since
left
Belfast
from
his
many of
he toured
to
English,
an indication
published
to Crieff
Taymouth,
then
were
since
Glasgow
books.
readers
gives
evidently
from
arrived
many text
that
his
This
works
in
volumed
the
may now appear,
works
into
Scotland
in
In addition
public.
three
in
especially
where
of
in
who assures
unabridged!
Reisen
and the
schools,
Ireland
Travels
Kesson,
1844)
even in
into
version
London as England,
edition,
two volumed
some instances,
and in
incorporated
wrote
in
of which
travels,
as a companion to his British
(Arnold,
Britischen
Inseln
Dresden & Leipzig,
and over-detailed,
23
ar writer,
widely
read
Hall
were his
all
Kohl
published
trivial
were
on Britain,
& Leipzig,
Dresden
(1845).
Franzosen
volumes
these
amongst
pedantic
writings
und die
the
Trossachs,
once more to
to
Carlisle.
must have been
101.
CARUS
like
Carus,
falls
into
the
fashion
of
in
his
his
last
writings
1920's,
the
the
Carus
is
field,
as a friend
chiefly
Friedrich.
1789-1869
it
was in
his
long
four
Gustav
Leipzig.
of
childhood
Carus,
in
he enjoyed
Carus
as an adult
as such exerted
leaving
little
Carus
was sent
his
fields
to
within
is
the
that
say
that
his
scientific
remembered
and Caspar
inscription
Philosoph
his
considerable
he is
Goethe
by
Germany,
David
Gustav
'Carl
und Künstler'
and
throughout
he was prominent
his
was the
where
love
manager
lack
of any sense
is
this
but
August
had earnestly
for
over
uncle,
his
time
Daniel
perhaps
Gottlob
a dye works,
of
set
the
raising
their
Daniel
Jäger
homesick
spent
in
Jäger
was for
the
on her
his
boy only
had studied
natural
her
know-
art
and
son.
Business
son, the four-year-old
(1762-1835),
in MUhlhausen
had a dye and print
grandparents
uncle's
of
young
mother,
scanty
improving
and appreciative
influence
maternal
about
a post
His
work
and became well-read
to his
the
life,
father,
His
1789
on 3rd January,
the
attacked
early
it.
a considerable
on him;
greatest
of
but
Even though
1794,
memoirs
of
was born
child,
few spare funds.
and granted
had received
nee Jäger (1763-1846),
time
Thüringen,
account
hard
necessitated
as a girl,
effect
both
value
and
century
fair
otherwise
und Arzt
(1763-1842)
education
until
art;
the
enjoyed
be
to
contrary
postwar
Saxony,
native
of
an only
little
Christiane,
works.
the
of
of
But
writings
Dresden
of his
his
Elisabeth
in
in
these
of
Critics
Ehrenfried
ledge
his
out
being
of
probably
Romantic
grave
turn
Grossen
career.
in
which
in
Naturforscher
all
Carl
because
would
and associate
On his
the
scientific
it
of
century.
atmosphere
and
devotees
19th
at
directionless
known only
well
and to
Carus
rediscovered
Nowadays
for
written
(Die
gone
he stood
the
of
been
verstanden"
had already
everything
philosophical
republication.
Carus
Mendelssohn,
and
whom much has
falsch
oder
decades
was
in
optimistic
age,
Schinkel
of
p. 165),
old
'unromantic'
those
of
verkannt
(1935-37),
Deutschen
Schopenhauer,
category
"Lange
elsewhere.
the
Johanna
stayed
here
one year,
company had a lasting
Theology
sciences
in
and it
Leipzig,
but
was he who
102.
Carus'
roused
early
Back in Leipzig,
home and in
the
household
in
Härtel.
Between
Tilesius
further
science
Carus was sent
home Carus
to
the
not
Johann
three
Leipzig's
and Physics,
but
He was an avid
Julius
painter
of
these
loves,
Nature
during
his
tour
Carus'
a future
of
for
a life
father
in
his
in
his
nature
specimens,
As a student
first
time
their
of Spaziergang
historical
saw his
Chemistry
which,
and Zoology.
like
his
art
lessons
the
countryside,
with
sketch-
to a group
through
dramas.
made themselves
this
24
the
of
he developed
Both
felt
strongly
and Scotland.
son's
studies
but
own business,
dyer
as one of
studies
he belonged
drama;
classical
England
medicine
taking
care,
and Shakespeare,
medical
author
were Botany
subjects
of Shakespeare's
as a master
a career
He started
of
twelve,
and in
He studied
whom he traversed
with
young men who met to read
love
age of
the
playmates
began his
aged fifteen.
nature.
a particular
in
The Göschen family,
colourful
Carus
school,
preferred
Dietz,
interest
himself.
he drew with
from
studies
at
collector
Tilesius,
relative
the
students,
his
the
for
where
scientific
major
at
draw-
of
Seume, -but also Goethe's
art
Leipzig
'Kunstakademie',
Adam Friedrich
Schiller
years
youngest
the
future:
father's
own contemporaries.
his
Christoph
Gottfried
of
and Friedrich
his
and
love
first
Finally,
'Thomasechule',
only
the
Carus'
his
and
Rochlitz,
and his
nature
that
were amongst
Tilesius,
and Gottfried
dyeing.
of
his
with
encountered
-After
impression
Carus,
to direct
in
guests
Philosophy
of
Friedrich
publish
fortune
famous
and director
Oeser,
ing
the
in
were to
art
publisher,
nach Syracus,
teacher
the
contact
of
interest
was Carus'
beyond
he came into
men helped
and Härtel
It
went
children
Breitkopf
his
roused
1814.
in
Gottlob
them these
and Breitkopf
work
Johann
at
regular
August
Friedrich
of Goethe,
Christoph
publishers,
Of the
and teacher
relative
study.
taught
childhood,
adults.
University,
and friend
musicologist
ing
another
Leipzig
at
with
nature
were some who made a great
Wilhelm Gottfried
the naturalist,
relative,
Psychology
an isolated
in
there
particular
a distant
the
mostly
interest
absorbing
lived
Carus
contact
Carus'
on him,
and ever
and,
Carus
after
as a way of
studies
in
to be of
did
not
relish
some indecision,
pursuing
1806,
with
use for
practical
purely
an early
the
prospect
finally
academic
emphasis
opted
study.
on
103.
while
gynaecology,
In 1809 he began his
Dr.
graduated
that
first
he began to
which
in
kologie
father's
1820.
of
Carus
in
only
a centre
the
Napoleonic
With
the
soldiers
Wars
1806 and,
tend
ridden
Leipzig.
he had
the
Carus
his
she
daughters,
lectures
of
events
alone,
things
during
first
hand.
at
when
as mediator
household
in
disease,
the
in
hospital
military
French
of
Jena
October,
he
Battle
the
after
'V3lkerschlacht'
the
caught
Gynä-
two of whom survived
his
thick
acted
a French
He, too,
travels
both
abroad
pursue
in
was
June 1813 until
wounded in
der
moving
experienced
on the
as Privatdozent,
Lehrbuch
and only
off
in
typhusand was ill
however,
months.
Carus'
for
inspiration
visit
billeted
the
Carus
French
of
from
was to
and
habil.
in 1814 to
to Dresden
Meanwhile
Akademie'.
was not
I Leipzig
practice,
- it
He
he had married
Carus (1784-1859);
live
not
could
go into
learning;
of
were
five
to adulthood,
they
his
Dr.
of
sons and five
six
'Chirurgischmedizinische
knowledge
his
for
to
was1forced
work
in
Since
title
gynaecology
Karoline
by him,
children
Jakobshospital.
the
teach
pursuits.
November 1811,
stepsister,
whom survived
father.
to be
their
at St.
He published
in
Meanwhile,
much younger
six
to
1812.
do in
and naturalist
earning
also
Habilitant
was to have eleven
only
1811,
in
artistic
training
practical
phil.
the
year,
his
continuing
his
By 1821,
art.
his
scientific
comparative
favourite
scope,
since
his
haunt
new
to Genoa to
he had already
research,
of
he could
and find
studies
when he travelled
and further
Rügen (the
Berlin,
visited
his
institutions
medical
broadened
certainly
Caspar
David
Friedrich)
In 1827 he accompanied
the Regent, Prinz Friedrich
and Prague.
(crowned Kdnig Friedrich
August II in 1836), as physician
in ordinary
to
Italy
again
highly,
in
and Switzerland,
the
of
retinue
Writing
in
but
not
the
toured
the
1860's,
without
France
in
1835 and Britain
in
King.
a contemporary
certain
critic
praises
reservations:
ist Carus ausserordentlich
Als Schriftsteller
Er betheiligte
sich in
vielseitig.
Geiste stets
ideenreich
vorwärtsstrebendem
über offene
Discussionen
an mannichfachen
Während sich
Fragen der Natur und Kunst.
in seinen Schriften,
die über Gegenstände
handeln
Fachwissenschaften
seiner
eine
...
der methodischen
Gründlichkeit
seltene
Carus
1844,
104.
Forschung und eine *acht wissenschaftliche
Sichtung
und Anordnung des Vorgetragenen
er in seinen meist
geltend
macht,
glänzt
Werken Über philosophische,
populär
gehaltenen
und künstlerische
naturwissenschaftliche
Gegenstände ...
durch geistreiche
Combination
und ebenso klare
als gefällige
meisterhaft
Eine so
Behandlungsweise.
stylisirte
Form finden
anziehende
wir nur bei wenigen
An die
deutschen
Gelehrten
wieder.
Thatsache
knüpft
positive
er überall
einen
Carus hat in der
grossen Gedankenreichtum.
in sich,
That ein Stück vom Geiste Goethe's
den er sich von Haus aus in mancher Beziehung
Das gründliche
mit Glück zum Muster nahm.
Gelehrtenthum
ihn freilich
frei
spricht
nicht
der ihn
von einem Anflug
von Dilettantismus,
auf allzuviel
von der exacten Forschung
fernab liegende
Felder
führte.
(Lorck,
I, pp. 705-6)
vol.
The reviewer
goes on to discuss
philosophy,
the
of whether
Carus
this
and sees
criticism
has continued
day.
Knauss
opines:
of his
dilettantism
to be compared
founded
the
Lorck,
after
years
or not,
up to
right
nature
Regardless
generation.
Goethe
with
Carus'
of
was well
one hundred
nearly
trend
positive
as typical
of
Writing
present
the
C. war als Arzt,
Naturforscher
und
einer der selbständigsten
-philosoph
Vertreter
des romantischen
Denkens, in
Naturanschauung
seiner
vielfach
an
Goethe anklingend,
wie er auch als
Charakter
Goathesches
Gepräge trug.
(NDB, vol.
III,
p. 162)
This
Carus
that
view,
was a "Goethe
once more by Wilhelmsmeyer
und Deuter Goethes (Berlin,
in
Henschel
(Dresden,
in
his
was as well
known as a philosopher,
as a doctor
and academic
comparison
with
book,
1936).
Cara
Villa
his
is
figure",
It
Carl
is
discussed
in
1963).
painter
als
perspective
The fact
that
Erbe
by
Carus
critic
as he was
naturally
to a
and art
was bound to lead
writer,
Carus
Gustav
put
and promoted
Goethe:
Universalität
In dieser
erstaunlichen
war
Carus Goethe ähnlich,
den er gekannt und
die Vielhat und der seinerseits
verehrt
des Dresdner Arztes
bewunderte.
seitigkeit
In 1818 Carus
was this
year
work
on they
which
his
had published
attracted
corresponded
the
and they
Lehrbuch
attention
first
der
of
met in
Zootomie
Goethe.
1821,
and it
From that
when Carus
105.
Weimar.
visited
many others,
Goethe,
to be emulated.
to
criticism,
sharp
his
Lebenserinnerungen
the
critic
the
of
schönen
näherem'Verständniss,
But Carus
'Grenzbote',
in
to an era
Seelen".
his
review
past
already
Carus,
as for
so
was not
Goethe
and
on the
especially
und Denkwürdigkeiten
belonged
autobiography
zu dessen
Goethe was to become for
a model
gave rise
und der
book,
1838.
in
was published
this
Carus'
publication
in
1865 and 1866.
of
the
justified
"der
an
age
,
Zaunick,
ary
volume
Carus
to be judged
"eitel"
the
Carus'
of
that
in
posthumous
by his
there
merely
the
edition
Lebenserinnerungen
and "geschraubt"
dence reveals
or was it
be disregarded
who edited
the
shadow of
fate
the
of the fifth
(1931),
admits
p. xv)
of
all
for
his
his
brother
egoism,
while
haben
Rudolph
and fragmentthat,
were
he would indeed emerge as
memoirs alone,
(Ibid,
but his private
corresponp. xv),
was a warm and human side
to his
nature
conceding
his
learned
culture;
in
jetzt
Buch
ein interessantes
eine Selbstbiographie
gelesen,
von Carus
Arzt.
in Dresden,
Mutters
Man
früherem
hört
Mann
einen
ungewöhnlichen
gebildeten
dessen
Lebensrichtungen
sprechen,
nach allen
hin laufende
feine
Bemerkungen
vielfach
neu
Auch sein
sind.
und anregend
grosses
Interesse
für
bildende
Kunst
zog mich sehr
25
Auffallend
ist,
dass er unseren
Vater
an.
kaum erwähnt;
mit Friedrich
war er sehr
befreundet.
Falsch
dass
erscheint
mir,
Carus
sich
selbst
gar zu sehr zum Objekt
Ein SelbstDarstellung
seiner
macht.
biograph
schildern,
was er
soll
vor allem
in diesem
hat;
Rahmen
gesehen
und erlebt
wird
er selbst
anschaulich
schon hinlänglich
Carus aber macht von Anfang
werden.
an den
Leser
darauf
aufmerksam,
geflissentlich
alle
die einzelnen
Umstände
die dazu
zu beachten,
beigetragen
haben,
Mann
einen
so grossen
too:
Carus
a letter
he writes:
Wir
Goethe's
giant?
Das musste gesagt werden, damit der Leser
'.'- nie vergesse,
der "Lebenserinnerungen.
dem Prunkkleide
wie hinter
von Carus'
Schreibart
doch wärmstes
gespreizter
Leben pulst.
(bid,
pp. xv - xvi)
(1802-67)
Wilhelm
Kugelgen
had also attacked
von
The artist,
Tagebücher
He continued:
criticism
to
contemporaries
To
Carus'
work,
Wäre er Goethe selbst
blas einer
und nicht
der Herren,
die ihm nachzuempfinden
und
wir
nachzuschreiben
suchen, so wollten
Unbedeutende dankbar
auch das sachlich
annehmen.
(quoted in Zaunick,
Was this
of
to
106.
zu bringen.
zustande
But if
von Kugelgen
lacking,
"seinen
in
both
too,
admirers
after
aspects
sein
of
on the
Wissen,
seinen
one hand
he can but
(Ibid,
Verstand"
other,
do come to the
character
1845).
none more so than
Prinz
Johann,
in
exile
in Austria:
work while
p. xiii)
on the
youth
years
Carus'
of
in
(Berlin,
the
reading
latter
his
und Schottland
England
his
attractions
Fleiss,
enormen
xiii-iv);
the
in
and geniality
admire
pp.
finds
(quoted
-Ibid,
Yet
fore
the memoirs
had
to Carus
who wrote
Bester Freund!
Ich habe die zwei letzten
Lebenserinnerungen
Bände Ihrer
nebst Ihrem
lieben
lieben
der meinem
Brief
erhalten,
Herzen recht wohl gethan.
Das nähere
Verhältniss
hat mich durch einen grossen
Theil
Ihr
meines Lebens begleitet.
Umgang gehört
anregender
zu meinen angenehmsten Erinnerungen,
und ich glaube,
das Herz ging dabei nie leer aus.
Haben
wir doch gegenseitig
an so manchen LebensTheil
prUfungen
genommen ....
(Ibid,
p. xii)
It
is
that
when one considers
his
day,
his
self-importance
both
Entries
amongst
in
royalty
moved in
Carus
the
and with
highest
the
intellectual
that
elite,
can be understood.
biographical
contemporary
tell
enough about
that
year's
edition
Carus'
of
works
By 1820 he could'be
career.
Das gelehrte
reference
Teutschland
alone
listed
22,
nine
years
later,
the
in
as
1815
M. der Phil.
0.
der AG. und seit
Professor
der Geburtshulfe
bey der
Akademie zu
medicinisch-chirurgischen
Dresden und zugleich
des
Direktor
Hebammeninstituts
...
(Hamberger/Meusel,
vol. XVII,
and by volume
of
circles
following
p. 317)
be added:
could
1827 k. Sächs. Leibarzt,
seit
auch Hofund Medicin-Rath
seiner
nach Niederlegung
1828 Ritter
Professur,
des Sächs.
und seit
Civ. -Uerdienstord.
...
(Ibid,
pp. 476-7)
vol. XXII/L,
He was to receive
over
fifteen
awards
and honours
and was to become member of many learned
earned
Lexicon,
himself
a place
by which
on anthropology
date,
in Callisen's
too,
and psychology
in
his
career
By 1839 he had
societies.
Medicinisches
he had given
through
Schriftsteller-
a series
1827 and 1829 and,
of
in
public lectures
1833,
for
107.
his
work on anatomy
experimental
physiology
in
circulation
exerted
der
of
influence,
kaiserlichen
der Naturforscher
to bis
As HofMinistry
Alexander
With
it
is
perhaps
past
glory
in
his
latter
Otto
Carus,
the
to
Carus
in
Ludwig
being
ADB
Akademie
definitely
and associate
David
his
off
a distant
of
relative,
"ein
ent-
charakteristisch
Leben" (ADB, vol IV,
künstlerisches
as
publications
he lived
In the words
he had lived
,
elected
and Caspar
that
both
Carus
his
Tieck
be understood
of
of
and as a friend
artist,
years.
innerliches,
wickeltes,
Interior,
200 scientific
over
von Humboldt,
Friedrich,
in
the
of
Paris.
presence
und Medicinalrath
culminating
name, as an accomplished
Goethe,
the
for
prize
in
Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen
1862.
in
the
des Sciences'
man to discover
first
and the
a considerable
Präsident
'Academia
insects.
Landesregierung
the
the
of
In 1827 he had become the
blood
had been awarded
and physiology,
his
a man of
38)
p.
a Romantic:
age,
Er stand jedoch in sehr hohem Grade unter
dem Einflusse
der naturphilosophischen
Richtung
Seine Bedeutung
der Madicin.
für die vergleichende
Anatomie,
Cranioist ganz entschieden,
skopie und Psychologie
höher anzuschla'gert,
als die für die
Medicine-(Hirsch,
eigentliche
vol. I, p. 846)
While
his
important
in
as a Nature
revival
his
in
and Symbolik
was to
which
in
and the
der
menschlichen
man has both
the
future.
He carried
latter
work,
living
organisms.
and figure.
in,
theories
in
which
From the
for
to lie
awareness
this
true
thus
study
in
belief
the
be determined
of
the
between
Seele
"Urform
the
des Lebens",
into
the
of
and underlying
by,
his
and premonitions
continuity
individual,
were
(1846)
subconscious,
past
theory
character
relation
Throughout
in
the
of
Carus'
der
the
the
death.
and spiritual,
(1853).
Gestalt
he expounded
Man's
and could
on the
pbysical
and he now saw this
which
reflected
his
and views
own in
their
his
after
was
and zoology
on psychology
Entwicklungsgeschichte
through
of
long
he had been searching
career
ideas
to come into
were
subconscious,
Psyche,
gynaecology
be his
Romanticism
his
"Urnatur",
the
it
anatomy,
des Unbewussten',
conscious
academic
day,
interest
of
discussed
comparative
philosopher
'Philosophie
the
in
work
his
unity
of
spirit
physical
Carus
the
all
was
form
moved to
108.
on the
reflection
it
was here
in
revalidated
in
writing
his
that
the
theories
years
1930's,
the
of
character
of
different
the
were eagerly
races
of mankind
'rediscovered'
Socialism.
National
and
and
Schuster,
Julius
says:
Kein philosophischer
und künstlerischer
Naturforscher
und Arzt der Romantik hat
Sein
wie er.
eine Auferstehung
erlebt
der VerganBild wurde von den Schlacken
Die deutsche Lebensbefreit.
genheit
die
kunde, die Seelenund Heilkunde,
Ausdruck-,
Charakterund Sinnbildforschung, die Persönlichkeitsund RassenKunst und
forschung,
die Philosophie,
Literatur
stehen staunend vor der Grösse
überreichen
Forschung
und Einheit
einer
für das Leben, die erst spät auf vielen
Irrwege
fruchtUmwegen und gegen viele
Tiefe noch längst
bar wurde und in ihrer
ist.
ausgeschöpft
nicht
(1935-7)
(Die Grossen Deutschen
V, p. 171)
vol.
Earlier
in
supreme
individual
the
Schuster
article
and "Ich",
discusses
Romantic
the
Carus'
conception
the
of
"Genie":
Im Haus am Frauenplan
1821 Goethe
trat
Schönheit:
vor ihn in strahlender
so
durchzuckte
ganz, so vollkommen,
es
Carus, kann nur sein,
wer wohlgeboren
ist aus einer
hervorragend
guten Rasse.
Gesundheit
des Stammes, der ihn zeugte,
kann allein
den Leib gebären,
ohne dessen
Wohlbeschaffenheit
die Entfaltung
der
Seele und des Geistes
ist.
nicht
möglich
Nur aus einer Rasse, die alle
anderen
überragt,
kann die Persönlichkeit
eines
Goethe hervorgehen.
(Ibid,
p. 169)
Carus'
theories
Germany,
dawn,
the
now seem simplistic,
he saw the
dangerous;
the Asian
people
of
as the
race
the
as the
Accordingly
each race
it
were very
Scotland
is
God reveals
I feel
they
people
in
is
not
evidently
1844.
of
the
dusk,
of
day,
to
suited
himself
its
in
to
irrelevant
foremost
He looked
race
the
predictably,
the
for
and in
Mongolian
people
and,
night
Caucasians,
expression.
naive,
in
supreme
as the
the
above
discuss
Carus'
and in
these
Nazi
of
people
African
Northern
own peculiar
nature
the wake of
race
race,
all
others.
art
form
in
as
the
and
instinct.
views
here,
since
mind when he toured
many answers
the
Nature
and the
109.
landscape
Wild
must in
his
Ossian
a form
Nature.
the
and Fingal
of expression
26
Carus'
it
so much of
have held
view
Similarly,
Scotland,
of
in
'people
early
to
peculiar
interest
to many deep secrets.
solutions
were
their
race
His
landscapes
oil
niscent
Like
his
of
Goethe,
enjoyed
were important
Scotland
prominent
David
Caspar
remi-
Friedrich.
him alongside
In an essay
Friedrich
both
on Runge and Friedrich,
comments:
a great
interpretation
in
England
und Schottland
in
at which
newly
founded
cause,
Republics
Carl
1830,
thus
touch
December 1847,
and in
native
'Medizinische
found
so to-day
Saxony,
Akademie'
aspects
does the
the words
with
of
where,
in
in
Carus'
Socialism
Carus'
life
of
of
Dresden,
was given
the
and
Wieck
he gave a
deceased Mendelssohn
recently
Clara (now Schumann) again played.
to conclude
music
Liszt,
Clara
The nine-year-old
Although
the
with
von Weber and*Franz
Maria
a
1844.
im Jahre
in
closely
tour-
played
also
the
Carus'
Socialism
National
in
interesting
from
grapher
of
Mendelssohn.
house
for
is
Carus was also
of
his
'Totenfeier'
It
his
a friend
admirer
played
Cara',
landscape
critic,
being
world,
and his
part
a music
its
Runge.
and strongly
Niemand, mit Ausnahme von Carus, hat so
Begründungen
für
umfassende und so tiefe
die moderne Landschaftsmalerei
gegeben
wie Runge.
(Die Grossen Deutschen
(1936),
vol. Ill,
p. 119)
(and the King,
too) frequently
sketched
or painted
while
Carus
to
20th
the
Romanticism.
especially
on artistic
matters,
(1831),
a work which has also
27
theories
His artistic
century.
critically
to have placed
enough
Schrade
Hubert
not
in
specimens
bedded in
firmly
with
became evident
skull
and skilful
Landschaftsmalerei
Otto
also
contemporary,
wrote
republication
and Philipp
impressive
friend'and
über
is
place
are
Carus
Neun Briefe
ing
Carus'
day',
bound them to
which
also
phrenology
the
of
several
while in Edinburgh,
where he purchased
(Carus,
England u. Schottland,
ch: LXXV).
As an artist
by human hand,
untouched
the
'Villa
a modern bioin
1954,
name.
and work
the
If
amenable
German Democratic
110.
Carl Gustav Carus zählt
zu den hervorder Geschichte.
ragenden Persönlichkeiten
Sein weltbekanntes
humanistisches
Werk
findet
in der Deutschen Demokratischen
Republik
Fortsetzung
und Vollendung.
Zahlreiche
Einrichtungen
und Arbeitskollektive
des Gesundheitswesens
tragen
seinen Namen und sind sich dabei einer
bewusst.
grossen Verpflichtung
(Genschorek,
p. 240)
Carus'
failure
to
take
on the
grounds
of
his
and did
observed
not
in
part
liberal
the
events
1848-49
of
from which
humanism,
can be excused
stance
he
act:
Carus nahm regen Anteil
am wissenschaftlichen
Leben seiner
Zeit und förderte
durch bewusste Unterstützung
nationaler
deutscher
Gesellschaften
die Überwindung
des politischen
Partikularismus
in
Deutschland
Folgen
und seiner
negativen
für die Entwicklung
der Produktivkräfte
allgemein
wie der Naturwissenschaft
speziell.
Carus erkannte
die Notwendigkeit
Arbeit
philosophischer
als Grundlage
nützlichen
gesellschaftlichen
und
Wirkens.
Auch in
wissenschaftlichen
Schaffen
seinem künstlerischen
war er ein
Wegbereiter
des Fortschritts,
sein Wirken
als Künstler
stand in engem Zusammenhang
Werk und
mit seinem wissenschaftlichen
,
Ethos.
entsprach
seinem humanistischen
Carl Gustav Carus zeigt
uns in überzeugender Weise, dass hohe Leistungen
nur
bei Überwindung
Speziaeines einseitigen
listentums
unter Zuwendung zu den gesellProblemen der Zeit möglich
schaftlichen
sind.
(Ibid,
p. 241)
With
this
affirmation
GDR, Genschorek
Carus'
firstly,
rial
visit
pp.
tour
of
the
Glasgow,
ofCarus'
his
can conclude
Scotland,
so many trades
his
a travel
and skills,
the
with
tribute
to medical
and scientific
184ff. ).
His perception
Carus was not
study
Genschorek
confrontation
secondly
exemplary
with
romantic
writer
but
of
to whisky,
institutions
of
out
his
as such,
travels
only
three
capitalism
and thirdly
in
Edinburgh
Scotland
since
were
the
As for
satisfaction.
singles
evils
to
contribution
in
aspects:
industhis
(Ibid,
goes unmentioned.
he was a man of
important
to him:
111.
Reisen habe ich schon
Mannichfaltige
immer weislich
vorbereitet,
gemacht:
Studien
durch mancherlei
eingeleitet,
Lebensaus innerer
und zu irgendeinem
folgendem Zwecke unternommen;
entwickelung
(Carus,
His
in
Berlin,
ssohn
his
friend
move to Saxony
loss
Tieck's
of
his
master
him the
In 1841
to compensate
companionship.
That
than
rather
the
with
year
sorely
following
relationship
famous
that
at
which
artists
time:
1844, ist dadurch mir wol
Das nächste Jahr,
dass es die grosse
ein bedeutendes
geworden,
Lebenserfahrung
der Reise durch England und.
Schottland
denn wenn auch im
gewährte,
Entfaltungen
ganzen der Mensch die rechten
immer am meisten innern
Erfahrungen
zu denken
Anschauhat, so bleibt
die gegenständliche
ung eines neuen Landes und bedeutend
doch stets
für den'Geist
Volks,
entwickelten
Wie lange hatte
Ereigniss!
ein wichtiges
ich übrigens
Pilgerfahrt
schon
nach jener
ich
wie manche Pläne hatte
mich gesehnt,
auch früher
wol dazu ausgedacht,
und wie
wenig wurde ich doch dazu gekommen sein,
die Reiselust
wäre nicht
unsers verehrten
Kbnigs endlich
die Brücke geworden über den
Inselländern:
Kanal nach jenen merkwürdigen
(Ibid,
8. Buch, pp.
vol. III,
Such a "Pilgerfahrt"
could
out
social
of
or
scientific
Dresden
from
that
manuscript
Queen in
the
he would
never
If
egocentric
the
autumn,
have undertaken
and of
1844,
have changed
19th
the
and unduly
would
the
without
evenings:
Lebenserinnerungen,
im Jahre
Carus
the
century
but
to-day,
read
solely
on his
working
it
from
"Reiselust",
King's
the
to
after
all,
pilgrimage.
Carus
criticised
is
more particularly
so readable
considerably.
frequently
this
personal,
While
1844.
August,
179-80)
was away from
Party
The Royal
concern.
22nd May to 9th
have been conceived
hardly
surely
his
of
the
and the
three
pleasure
more unexpected
for
be his
was to
it
Mendel-
The prospect
seemed partially
but
heard
Carus
moved,
home.
Hänsel
the
at
on a book on Goethe,
royal
was to bring
had just
Tieck
en,
significance.
particular
was of
one evening
Carus worked
with
Britain
where
playing
coming
felt
to
journey
Lebenserinnerun
7. Buch
III,
vol.
since
The King
of
perhaps
just
his
England
for
being
what
makes his
und Schottland
readers'
interests
Saxony's
party
and demands
followed
in
112.
trail
the
Carus
London
in
While
and Albert's
Victoria
of
being
and tells
personally
1844,
Saxon royal
at
the
Palace,
Hamilton
in
Fort
staying
next
having
sailed
up the
more on 29th,
staying
had hoped to
destination,
that
night
saw them in
Stirling
staying
of
the
Lord Morton.
various
their
next
stop,
Caledonian
Canal.
reach
first
Castle,
and from
from
in
of
und Schottland
im Jahre
1844,
Magazine'
of April
The reviewer
let
Leith
two days
in
Atholl,
the
The King
year
1844,
at
on August
Scottish
30th,
31st
July
Dalmahoy,
the
home
Throughout
5th.
and met
society.
translation
of Saxony's
appeared
next
Breadalbane.
to 5th
1846 English
the
once
their
on July
reached
of
Inverness,
although
before
stop
and Iona,
south
off
21st,
Hamilton
to Staffä
arrived
Blair
Marquis
contemporary
and digest
in
August
Duke of
had made many day excursions
they
prominent
the
of
they
on July
Inveraray,
sailed
an ideal
which
the
they
in
him
visit
Scotland
They set
night
Dunkeld,
as guests
and Scotland
they
On 27th
A review
England
in
with
They sailed
figures
On arriving
William.
day visit
sixteen
came to
first
previously.
on several
(vol. I, ch. XI)
when Albert
From here
the
Taymouth
by Albert
stayed
reaching
and Oban on 24th.
later,
they
party
pair
royal
received
of two other occasions
(chs. XXII & XXIV).
two years
of
the
had encountered
He describes
occasions.
tour
in
of
Journey
'Tait's
England
through
Edinburgh
1846.
begins:
Dr. Carus, a thorough
German, though he
claims a Roman descent as old as the
Caesar,
invasion
of Germany by the first
the King of. Saxony on his late
attended
flying
to Queen Victoria,
and
visit
dominthrough
her British
rapid gallop
The Court Physician
found many
ions.
if not all
things,
things,
so very
different
from the country
which he had
imagined or read of in books,
previously
his enlarged
that he considers
and corrected
to prove acceptable
views of England likely
both to those who have already
seen, and
this
to visit,
those who may be preparing
island
of ours.
wonderful
(Tait,
P. 301)
Having gone on to
remarks
on Britain,
discuss
the
and quote
critic
from
Carus'
geological
continues:
Whatever German readers
may do, we strongly
that the great majority
of English
suspect
introductory
113.
in viewfind more gratification
ones will
ing the Doctor's
numerous aristocratic
informainteriors,
than in his scientific
And
disquisitions.
tion and philosophical
between Dover, where the King and
these,
landed,
first
his suite
and Inverary,
Taymouth, and Dalmahoy, where he left,
are
found in sufficient
variety.
(Ibid,
p. 301)
Later
he writes:
,
A Court Physician
of Dresden, who has
has a prescriptive
moreover travelled,
to talk of pictures
and to
right
but though Dr.
criticize
works of art;
Carus does this with knowledge and
discrimination,
his ivy-mantled
old castles
be found more attractive.
will
(Ibid,
p. 302)
Having
the
to
to Carus'
referred
comes to
reviewer
Hamilton
the
Palace
Highland
that
plain
impressions
the
tour
and Glasgow
scenery
with
the
much of
of
Scotland.
and dwells
some proud
information
some length,
England and Wales at
of
on Carus'
imparts
is
visit
impressions
of
But he also
makes
satisfaction.
Carus
the
He describes
unoriginal:
Voyaging on to Staffs
he
and Icolmkill,
though not with perfect
relates,
accuracy,
legends of the country;
some of the floating
but all
this,
be
and much more, may. better
Anderson's
found in the brothers
"Guide to
the Highlands
and Islands",
one of the most
well-stored
and entertaining
of modern
look to the
descriptive
books;
so we shall
German traveller
only for what natives
this
cannot so well give;
as, for example,
introduction
to the pure mountain-dew,
which
took place at Bannavie
...
(Ibid,
p. 306)
And,
having
describe
the
(then)
the
recent
well
new to
by Carus'
to
quote
court
account
orary
of
account
Scot,
the
the
of
some length.
party's
review
on the
safe
city
of
unpleasant
Sabbath,
return
special
a royal
to
the
to Taymouth
visit
having
reviewer
Dresden.
interest.
and is
was
flattered
at
"the
reproved
repercussions
the
is
critic
pains
worthy
as a result
closes
with
and Albert's
Victoria
of
former
the
comparing
Edinburgh
of
goes on to
reviewer
the
readers,
Finally,
fearing
is
the
events
of
Scottish
account
country
the
and Dalmahoy,
But if
for
physician"
passage,
and familiar
contemporary
him at
the
relevant
publicised
rapturous
departing
the
to Taymouth
visits
visit.
nothing
from
quoted
with
Coming from
of
an
a contemp-
114.
The Lutheran
on 17th
church
theologian,
May, 1826.
WUrttemberg.
the year
Köstlin,
who died
H'diderlin's tutor at the Lateinschule in
Nith8nadtbrother,
NUrtingen;
Esslingen
teacher.
is
Nathanael's
today
known
still
in
was a pastor
(1780-1824),
of
Diakonus'Nathanael
grandfather,
birth,
Gottlob
in matters
was prominent
Julius'
Friedrich,
in Stuttgart
was born
Köstlin's
of
Ernst
andFrieari*son,
WUrttemberg
family
The Köstlin
in
state
and
KdSTLIN
Theodor
JuliusLKbstlin,
their
as
Friedrich
native
known
was a well
to attain
own sons were also
Friedrich
Nathanael
in Württemberg
prominent
positions
society.
(1776-1855),
of Practical
a churchman,
was to serve as professor
Theology
in
in
Tubingen
Stuttgart,
56),
and his
the
of
a talented
and teacher
Philosophy
in
doctor
an eminent
Kerner,
and in
as a follower
Julius,
in
Romanticism
home by a tutor
At the
of
his
Obermedicinalrath
up adequate
he was offered
Belgium;
taken
.
and in
treatment
the
his
Schelling's
nature
weak by his
father,
when he was sent
a position
to give
was working
both
two years
later
this
him to retire
he had to give
from
the
of
By the
up his
tour
in
physician
this
at
time
that
service
own practice
the
of
life
the
in private
he was made
four
as well.
might
Leopold
have
well
to
visit
and it
was his
he was still
while
His
years
and
In 1834
latter's
deteriorating
time,
1840.
autumn of
to King
ordinary
support.
only
Gymnasium in
much to organise
Julius'
post,
was fast
was educated
in Württemberg.
insane
son financial
public
he did
capacity
philosophy.
the
father
health
his
to
his
of
the
Dichterschule'
Gymnasium in
course.
who encouraged
'schwäbische
was
and Justus
Uhland
of
Oberes
position
father's
(1787-1859),
the
had he accepted
a different
Scotland
father
friend
and as Stadtdirectionsarzt;
practice
set
birth
was
finally,
Stuttgart;
in
Kbstlin
the
with
and of
1834,
to
graduating
time
Gotth.
was considered
until
Kbstlin
servant
a close
contact
(under
and writer
(1785-1854)
poet
mimic,
Tübingen,
son was to become professor
(1792-1873)
Friedrich
Köstlin
was
Heinrich
Stuttgart,
in
and his
Urach,
and civil
constant
of
a chair
August
Karl
whose health
Stuttgart,
of
in
Tübingen;
own father,
to hold
K. W. Gottlieb
known as a politician
Köstlin's
cousin,
as an administrator
(1813Reinhold
Christian
musician,
C. Reinhold);
pseudonym
well
at
was likewise
he was also
a theologian
Julius'
son,
a criminologist,
though
1815 and afterwards
until
health
later,
During
his
in
forced
and in
four
1855
years
115.
of
he did
28
retirement
institutions.
Meanwhile,
to
relatives
to
1848,
for
six
the
Inspired
close
before
events
and fellow
in Stuttgart),
-iger
but instead
himself
to
Scotland.
visit
school
English,
he left
taking
language
lessons.
dying
news that
this
ling
his
visit
ies
that
in
he 'was to
and that
to avoid
retrograde
successor,
Kirchheim/Teck,
in
Kirchheim
Köstlin
in
of
in
Schriften
before
addition
published
(2
however,
he was
was
Anxious
classes.
have meant cancel-
well
the
persuade
authorit-
a few weeks in
his
post
should
Even if
period.
English
his
Scottish
to embark on his
able
Germany from
the
Continent
the
winter
Theology,
Britain,
Beitrag
1852),
Luther,
Martin
Luther.
several
critical
on ethics,
member of
the
works
his
ihr
six
inneres
bis
auf
most
Ethik
famous work,
Leben und seine
English
Church
Breslau,
of his
five
enjoyed
which
on Lutheran
Christliche
Reformed
Sein
into
Berlin.
des Protestantismus
1875 published
translated
fruit
Reformation
Geschichte
1875),
in
then
Kirche,
von der
Holland
and was to hold
the
and in
Eberfeld,
through
Göttingen,
Die schottische
autumn of
studying
semester
In 1852 he published
the
to
spring
he travelled
in
first
zur
vols.,
the
as 'Repetent'
Ein
a work
as an ardent
Easter
the
spend a few weeks
to Calw and he himself
go ahead
1903 and was first
to
might
delayed
zum Staat,
of
his
over
his
to improve
Calw Lateinschule
who was being
Verhältniss
(Hamburg & Gotha,
biography
city,
managed to
to Tübingen
Halle.
Gegenwart.
the
Köstlin
to
return
visit
Leben und ihr
to
prepared
as planned.
as Professor
month study
his
which
Germany and spent
and lastly
die
step,
over
he was to return
chairs
to
to Germany,
eager
order
the
take
return
was away from
On his
and North
Later
of
he was thus
Burk
with
1849.
headmaster
should
was no more fluent,
journey
reached
to Scotland,
his
officiate
the
Having
he and his
KÖstlin
but,
in
Calw
and Stiftspred-
tour
leaving,
affairs
Stuttgart
for
their
Before
Scottish
about
Scotland,
Prälat
to limit
not
in
1844
'Candidatenreise'.
in
(later
October
as Vikar
traditional
Burk
student,
from
served
Church
the
within
decided
by reading
met by the
the
undertaking
above mentioned
where,
He then
charitable
his
all
Tübingen,
of
Theology.
by recent
friend
followed
Köstlin
University
he studied
months
WUrttemberg's
much to support
in
1883.
theology,
(Berlin,
he was also
editions
In
Köstlin
1899),
co-founder
and
116.
of
the
Verein
fUr
Köstlin
Reformationsgeschichte.
and Burk
and travelled
and Barmen,
and London.
Ostende
Societies'
Bible
Scholl.
founder,
They also
Having
reached
affairs
of
the
set
to
tour
off
Edinburgh.
family
two church
assemblies.
the
on to
several
weeks in
Reading
Room.
time
to
returning
London
further
to
friend.
in
the
middle
study,
to
the
Isle
the
Continent.
mostly
visit
of August
the
at
the
and
Fife
to
back
with
the
Ireland,
with
They
children.
and spent
British
to
then
stayed
back home to Germany,
of Wight
the
by
coincided
two eldest
in
in
Edinburgh,
sailed
the
Hall.
Canal,
they
where
their
and their
Burk was called
visit
in
they
end of June they
and through
They then
where
Exeter
travelling
Caledonian
longer
to
assistant
themselves
weeks,
Perth,
and Greenock,
and Albert
in
three
a few days
and Dublin,
in
From the
and up the
Grampians
Glasgow
of Victoria
back
before
the
Belfast
arrived
found
and Iona
for
Elberfeld
company of
and his
meetings
They
destination,
Germans immersed
Highlands
of an Edinburgh
visiting
mission
1902.
and Belgium
the
enjoying
Steinkopf,
Pastor
attended
They stayed
travelled
London,
in
1849.
Bonn,
final
their
reach
the
through
returning
to
died
April
the Wuppertal
Edinburgh,
to Staffa
steamer
that
Eager
in
Heidelberg,
through
a few days in
only
remained
Scotland
for
off
on the way in
theologians
visited
set
Köstlin
Museum
but
Köstlin
end of September
117.
BRANDES
Dr.
Heinrich
the
son of
and his
Karl
town's
pastor.
Carl
he proved
himself
to
in
the
was forced
tb
undergo
Classics.
shy and retiring,
'Burschenschaft'
like
that
interrupted.
in
he became a teacher
Here he soon fell
victim
bader
of
Beschlüsse'
to
1819.
Umtrieben";
armed men marched
imprisonment
in
mundane text
with
all
possible
him,
Brandes
Latin,
his
for
their
only
of
the
of
the
a further
here,
teachers,
the
the
four
these
a poorly
was the writing
matter
to
talent
translate
and to
letters.
individual
'Kasematten'
in
play
This
be found
could
Although
Spandau,
conditions
imprisonment
years'
mark on a man already
in
months
linguistic
five
one day to
classroom
nine
years.
he
"demagogischen
the
When no evidence
sanity.
'Karls-
fellow
Hebrew and English
Greek,
of
Elberfeld.
the
reading
used his
was moved to
better
were considerably
left
him out
his
Brandes
into
in
Here he served
time
saved
he was held
naturally
to be
following
by his
complicity
permutations
resourcefulness
where
this
packet;
this
against
of
Köpenick.
During
on a tobacco
the
at
activities
persecutions
Denounced
on suspicion
cell.
the
of weak and
he was said
Gymnasium in
the
at
the
was arrested
lit
in
part
he
Even so, his career,
he was a member.
Marx (see above, p.
86) " was abruptly
his 'Staatsprüfung'
successfully
completed
Having
Münster,
Philologie'
that
of which
Heinrich
of
'Klassische
as a student
taking
seldom
so hard
on account
Jena and Halle;
of
where
scholar,
Bad Pyrmont
He studied
eyesight.
universities
in
a cure
Detmold,
he worked
Indeed,
the
(1751-1816),
industrious
be an exceptionally
1798,
Salzuflen
the
of
Gymnasium in
the
attended
in
Brandes
daughter
nee Nolte,
Brandes
especially
strained
Johann Gottlieb
pharmacist,
Friederike,
wife
in Salzuflen
was born
Brandes
reserved
and diffident
by nature.
In 1829 Brandes
Lehrer
berg,
der
Tertia
a highly
became Rektor,
Although
retaining
at
the
respected
a post
old
Gymnasium.
figure,
which
he was traditional
the
and moved to Lemgo, where
was released
system
In 1831 the
moved to Detmold,
he held
until
his
and conservative
in which
each class
headmaster,
Schierene
and Brandes
retirement
in
he became
in
1868.
many respects,
was taught
most subjects
118.
by one master
time
the
tional
for
two further
had only
school
thirty-five
Brandes
by tried
abiding
years,
taken
his
from
pupils
'Quinta'
the
classes,
during
and 'Sexta'
taught
himself
and tested
the
educa-
methods:
Pflichttreue
In Ehren und"mit
eiserner
hat er seines Amtes gewaltet,
ein bis
Schulmeister,
Härte
und
strenger
zur
hat lange seinen Stempel
die Anstalt
Art
ihm
hat
Gegner
seine
getragen.
doch ist
erweckt,
und Weise reichlich
kaum einer darunter
gewesen, der ihm
hätte.
gezollt
seine Achtung voll
nicht
Sein Wesen - er war unverheirathet
....
Einseitigkeiten
aufweisen,
wohl
mochte
sein weitund Ernst,
aber sein Eifer
sein ununterbrochenes
umfassendes Wissen,
Studium erzeugte
Hochachtung
vor seiner
Person sowohl als vor der Wissenschaft,
leicht
Dinge, die der Schüler
nicht
jetzt
Er war ein Gelehrter
trennt.
Art,
fast verschollener
ein Sammelgelehrter,
ein doctor
umbraticus.
(Steusloff,
pp. 17 - 18)
in
favourite
subject,
which he in turn demanded most of
Brandes'
pupils,
geography
for
the
as was a new 'Vorschule'..
were added,
his
but
'Quarta',
many improvements
were also
Formerly
as. Rektor.
'Prima'
there
only,
was unquestionably
which
he travelled
addition
had all
and wrote
to many articles
the
of
makings
travelled
he frequently
financial
gave him a reputation
widely
was his
extending
beyond
like
on foot
and he was also
the
simple
of
Lemgo,
in
He
topics.
on geographical
traveller;
an avid
love
journeys
these
of
accounts
and essays
He enjoyed
ties.
It
geography.
Johann
Georg Kohl
unmarried
with
no
life:
Er war fast bedUrfnisslos,
so weit das
Mensch Oberhaupt sein kann,
der heutige
in einem Grade, wie wenige es sich
überhaupt
im Stande sind,
vorzustellen
Palikaren
me
u. derglo
vor Briganten,
die ein
ihn seine Kleidung,
schützte
Äusserste
von Schmucklosigkeit
solches
dass Niemand in ihr und an ihm
aufwies,
Geld und Geldeswerth
vermuthen konnte.
(Ibid,
p. 18)
As a traveller
Broich,
although
Brandes
the
was thus
latter's
the
complete
flamboyance
opposite
probably
to Hallberg-
assured
him as
119,
as did
much safety
"ergreifende,
the
in
abate
not
tales
his
later
When pressed,
reticence.
his
of
impressions
Steusloff
travels;
(Ibid,
Einfachheit"
Hallberg-Broich
common with
did
former's
classische
described
Brandes
in
fascinating
tell
would
the
Delphi
of
fact
the
p.
that
his
tells
18)
to him.
Brandes
of
with
which
He also
desire
to
had
travel
years:
Gleich
seines Amtes,
nach Niederlegung
trat
in den ersten
Tagen des Oktobers,
der Herr Director
Brandes eine Reise nach
Ostindien
bestrebt
Unermüdlich
an.
Länder
durch eigene Anschauung,
nämlich,
unternahm er
und Leute kennen zu lernen,
Jahren in den Sommerschon seit vielen
ferien
weitere Reisen und sah so, nachdem
er Deutschland
und die Schweiz nach allen
Seiten
durchwandert
Dänemark,
hatte,
Schweden, Norwegen, England,
Schottland,
Frankreich,
Spanien,
Portugal,
Italien,
Ungarn, Griechenland,
das
Constantinopel,
Kleinasien
angrenzende
von
und die Stätte
Ilium.
Sein sehnlichster
Wunsch war nun
durch eigene Anschauauch noch Ostindien
in
Glücklich
ung kennen zu lernen.
Bombay angekommen, überzeugte
er sich
Wochen, dass das Reisen
aber nach einigen
in Ostindien
Greise
einem 72jährigen
Schwierigkeiten
unüberwindliche
und
Gefahren darbietet.
Die beabsichtigte
Weiterreise
musste aufgegeben werden, und
kehrte
daher der würdige
Emeritus
zur
Freunde und Bekannten
grossen Freude seiner
kurz vor Weihnachten
in seine
wohlerhalten
Heimat zurück.
alte
(Schnitger,
p. 17)
On his
"
Lemgo, but
he donated
to the
volumes
of
on 29th
he died
where
Brandes
retirement,
school,
1874,
January,
his
to his
returned
He never
library
considerable
it
who retained
native
Saizuflen,
returned
of
to
again
some 2,500
the
as an entity
under
Brandes
(1795-1842),
name
'Brandes-Bibliothek'.
Brandes'
pharmacist
and is
over
Brandes
noted
his
(born
pastor
also
for
his
finishing
father's
his
and preacher
greater
correspondence
studies
pharmacy.
Salzuflen
Rudolph
far
achieved
and chemist,
After
ology.
take
older
remembered
Dr.
brother,
the
than
with
Goethe
he returned
to
his
brother
on meteor-
Salzuflen
to
A further
1825 - Rudolph's
of
renown
Reformed
Friedrich
relative,
),
for many years
son?
Church
in
Göttingen,
H.
a
120.
1
Scotland
visited
like
which,
visit,
long
not
Köstlin's,
Brandes'
many travel
as the
England
im Sommer 1851 (1855),
first
Salzkammergut
these.
of
und die
Ausflug
Hegyallia
Bombay und Kairo
main
from
language
in
1865.
the
Ausflug
nach der Tatra,
im Sommer 1865 (1865),
Ausflug
Koran
a plan
the
of
nach
did
include
1862 book,
the
nach Neapel
and Ausflug
above works,
1863 and a short
of
is
in
Not only
the
most of
that
There
left
Ostende
on the
North
Clyde
of
on Friday
12th
steamer,
taking
by stage
coach
the
to
Western
the
and spent
morning,
July)
to
a tour
to
Oban.
steamer
day he took
Dover
Brandes
he also
but
Hungarian
city
on the
an essay
of
Railway
grammar
in
Edinburgh
10 p. m. on Monday,
on the
afternoon.
the
in
night
boarding
the
steamer
and steamer
The journey
to
Iona
fxnmLemgo
he moved to
that
of Loch Lomond and travelling
Two days later,
London,
fiom Eustonto
train
afternoon
Next day he continued
Dumbarton.
July,
He visited
Hamilton.
From Hamilton
8th
a day in
night
following
day excursion
coach
at
London and after
him 300 hours.
taken
(Friday,
for
by train
he reached
which
had so far
next
nach Schweden im
im
von Ilium
im Sommer 1863 (1864),
(1867),
1868 (1870).
in
in
He travelled
enjoyed
das
tour.
Brandes
Glasgow
Ausflug
im Sommer 1867 (1868)
cities
Portuguese
Falls
durch
im Sommer 1856 (1857),
Erzgebirge
im Sommer 1866
im Jahr
added an extract
the
und Erstei-
und der Stätte
Brussa
und dem Normannen-Archipel
Lanark,
(1858),
is
nach
Pyrenäen
Ausflug
nach Portugal
im Sommer 1864 (1865),
nach Norwegen
continued
(1855),
und dem ungarischen
Scottish
Ausflug
die
in
Ausflug
nach Spanien
of
Lemgo
Ausflug
Sommer 1862 (1863),
the
by Meyer,
im Sommer 1850 (1855)
nach Venedig
Gestein
Konstantinopel,
nach Mehadia,
1850.
der
von Memel nach Muskau in Sommer 1859
Ausflug
im Sommer 1860 (1861),
nach Griechenland
Ausflug
a map of
Ausflug
Sommer 1857
nach Rom in
Sommer 1858 (1859),
his
John Knox,
followed
There
im Sommer 1854
gung des Montperdu
that
this
of
to study
order
published
nach Schottland
notable
Ausflug
1862,
in
books were all
His Ausflug
and Detmold.
der
in
was undertaken
fruit
Schottlands.
Reformator
Ausflug
and the
uncle,
was a work published
presbyterianism,
(1860),
his
after
by
on that
on Monday 14th,
and Staffs.
he
Early
to Glen Coe and Banavie.
evening
121.
On the Wednesday he toured
stopping
at
by mail
along
Aberdeen.
the
he took
train
From Edinburgh
to Calashiels
and then
along
fortnight's
regular
itinerary
Borders
Edinburgh,
from
Aberdeen
the
there
in
since
most of
Aberdeen
his
tour
see more of
compatriots.
four
taking
the
did
to
for
Perth
morning
days.
train
and Abbotsford,
He returned
he included
to
for
to Selkirk
His
pains
by train
On Saturday
Borders,
Scotland.
Inverness,
and Elgin
he stayed
Tweed to Melrose.
to
he travelled
Nairn
Dundee.
where
and walking
and took
than
in
on route
a day in
the
through
he left
he spent
stay
route,
to
Canal
From Inverness
coast
morning
stopping
the
East
North
On Friday
and Stirling,
of Foyers.
Falls
the
Caledonian
up the
not
home after
follow
a
the
and Dundee on his
the
Scott
country
in
the
122.
LEWALD
Fanny Lewald
albeit
chiefly
still
for
as a child
1830's
the
a wide
the
motivated
and the
time
who
To-day,
events
the
of
little
she is
Movement,
'Jungdeutschland'
she
novelist
the
outgrew
really
who never
elsewhere,
convention.
of women and challenged
time,
and 1840's
as a socially
reputation
rights
her
of
of whom much has been written
29
At that
turn of the century.
another
around
enjoyed
fought
is
known.
was born Fanny Marcus on 24th March, 1811, the
daughters
ten (of whom five
and two sons survived
Fanny Lewald
eldest
child
of
in
to
adulthood)
in
Königsberg.
Prussia,
of
Stadtrat.
a Jew on its
council,
community
a distance
the
post
father,
the
was seemingly
cause
age of
days,
those
the
top
than
hers
with
in
children
family
and was closed
was forced
to
which
too
1849,
in
and Fanny,
stay
at
German from
an Englishman,
on hard
she took
times
home, but
had no religious
indirectly
and secluded
school
she was far
pupil
become president
Simson.
top
the
for
class
school
ran
much against
left
language
a Mr.
her
her
lessons
Motherby,
as a businessman,
the
first
it
financial
results
German
had been
occupied
difficulties
and now aged twelve,
dissatisfied
in
reaching
to
better
years,
her will
for
years,
thirteen
after
three
into
From
unusually
with
of
In 1824,
was the
it
which,
ahead of
The only
many
upbringing.
were aged from
pupils
home, which
while
sons
Jewishness
to
and French,
and
on occasion
The family's
soon.
the
at
had done.
at
its
were
wealthy,
two teenage
them free',
a private
the
members of
which
lonely
Eduard
her
'set
to allow
instruction
his
held
to Christianity,
here
For a short
fallen
though
church
that
father
Jewish
the
family,
business
converted
discussed
years
to leave
handwork
to
order
was a boy later
Parliament
decided
in
was mixed;
three
Marcus
1828 even decided
relatively
in
kept
even attended
mother
she attended
class,
fifteen,
and the
in
liberal
sufficiently
still
merchant
and Fanny's
her
never
six
and Russia,
Königsberg
wider
Fanny's
of
Poland
wine
established
were well
Fanny had religious
when his
members of
family
society.
who in
objection
Jewish
a well-to-do
But even though
be baptised
should
the
in
however;
school,
her
at
included
never
of
The Marcus
East
throughout
family
the
and bored.
English,
French
despite
having
who,
was highly
educated
and
and an
123.
language
excellent
were to be found
in
English
a set
of
copper-plate
particular
love
Fanny grew to
to
duction
the
and cousin
uncle
Petersburg
to
enough
boredom,
her
father
five
comprised
only
school
time,
but
she took
it
still
for
over
the
family
and Russia,
with
intro-
to St.
trips
she reached
languages
twenty
considered
by the
received
brought
yet
some fifty
and the
The strict
family
was loving
of
the
it
to Fanny to take over
was left
(including
people
seven servants)
One of
she saw as a challenge.
time
young Lutheran
him she read
was dancing
theology
her
hand,
the
young man should
the
latter
was to ban Leopold
refused,
first
from
from
in
the
education
Schopenhauer,
a Baltic
for
her
tenth
in
asked
while
Fanny
education
in
child
a
1825
seventeen
of
this
mother;
she enjoyed
1828,
she met a
With
Leopold.
Fanny's
because
Pfarrer.
port,
satisfy
could
ailing
name of
ostensibly
level
In
to which
as it
her
this,
by the
house:
art,
few recreations
the
be ordained
the
in
Johanna
household
When Leopold
new poetry.
the
concern
of
the
and through
student
parents'
beyond
regime
as far
birth
which
more profitable.
family
genuine
and happy
After
daughter.
precocious
out
her
to thirty,
unmusical
tuition
precocious
before.
years
lessons,
much more enlightened
business
which
and allowed
seven
advanced
a well-to-do
was devised
was subjected
the
of
her,
piano
piano
her
of
have been far
would
to relieve her
for
age of
and felt
young and equally
up in
also
a waste
thirteen
one thinks
connection
the
could
12 she knew most of
of
the
She never
age of
and science
from
years,
218),
p.
may have occupied
This
especially
own time.
the
at
her,
I,
timetable
matter.
as "ein
time
To try
two hours
work,
as reading
bored
her
money and of
hard
of
this
vol.
by heart.
drew up a rigorous
she later
and which
this
Otherwise
at
11 or
age of
ballads
hours
books
by the
read;
and Schiller's
at
which
only
business
frequent
making
in
her
Poland
and East,
North
herself
who described
(Lewald,
Lebensgeschichte,
Goethe's
this
many years.
time
household,
England,
almost
Fanny,
Lesewolf"
find
not
for
Marcus
from
to remain
this
at
and Warsaw.
The young
wahrer
the
the
engravings
were
of art
were with
connections
Fanny's
world
in
furnishings
and which
influences
British
Other
teacher.
father
for
he considered
Ultimately
he considered
he
baptism
124.
would
liberate
where
his
his
daughter
her
to call
trauriges
to
the
but
stories
not
her
early
made a deep impression
death
untimely
the wider
other
a lasting
Fanny's
his
effect
father
decided
1832-3
of
business
This
trips.
her
Weimar
Erfurt,
in
(where
turn
Baden they
continued
friend
literature
he took
Fanny,
in
stayed
Königsberg,
and the
Berlin
and then
For
began to learn
the
to
to Breslau,
first
her
the
time
(Later
her
"die
George
Sand",
made by Goldschmidt
1893 (Vol.
XXXV, p. 411):
remark
sie ist keine
dichterischem
menschlichen,
wir verdanken
for
the
his
she designated
she
of what
start
uncle,
in
her
on foot
biographer,
despite,
in
the
part
to
newly
including
Steinhauer,
or perhaps
ADB over
Jakob
way,
From Badento stay
Lewald,
with
a
published
the
was to
because
40 years
father
the
of
travel.
Fanny was left
life,
death),
she saw her
time
Friedrich
a
after
on to Leipzig,
Goethes
appreciate
where
days,
ten
travelled
first
she had access
George Sand.
deutsche
in
which
on one of
period
a few weeks after
arrived
At the home of
Hoffmann
Fallersleben,
ofivon
for
now 21,
the
end of
happy mood, even travelling
and she in
cousins.
Then,
and Frankfurt.
a carefree
Königsberg,
previously.
the
had
Revolution
years
"Im Vaterhause"
father
from
they
Gotha
on the
name to Lewald,
the
the
"Leidensjahre".
Fanny and her
journey
in
troubles
the
1830
news of
while
July
the
mood
of
family
marks
Lebensgeschichte
was to call
72-hour
With
The events
one hand the
following
events
Christ,
of
This
and benumbed her,
shocked
had done twenty
brothers
her
on the
to change
autumn and winter
in
on Fanny;
on all.
figure
Ossian.
for
political
She was attracted
any conviction.
enthusiasm
Leopold
of
ideal
and the
"ein
told,
she ever
)
Jesuitismus".
dogma with
the
Fanny attended
lie
only
Old Testament
the
such lines
along
her
she came to be baptised
(Indeed,
she was later
indifference.
vows the
approach
in with
time
von schwungvollem
of
think
not
Nonetheless,
by the
into
confirmation
Muster
could
ties
but
had lapsed
enthusiasm
did
was concerned.
classes,
confirmation
he evidently
sons,
works
dub her
of
before
deutsche George Sand, die mit
Seherblick
in die Tiefen
der
Seele schaut der weiblichen
ihr keine Offenbarungen.
a
in
of
125.
Stammes,
jenes
der
ein Kind
Ohne Prophetin
gebracht.
zu
lehrt
sein
sie und hat
und zu verkünden,
die Kraft
was sie als wahr und
zu sagen,
Sie lehrt
erkannt.
recht
mit Klarheit,
)
mit Wärme, mit Ueberzeugungstreue.
Aber
"die
Here,
too,
sie ist
Lehre"
who was to have a great
journalist
"
Frankfurt,
to
the
she had particularly
In the
spring
her
mother
to
sick
expresses
felt
of
on her
trip
to
great
in
Breslau
Heinrich
cousin,
the
of
sea,
and Staffs,
Iona
here:
The following
the
start
believed
and,
of
that
as such,
She herself
him around
this
her
course
soon to prove
genossin,
marriage
sick
sister,
time
also
Heinrich
her
Ida
herself
"im
richtigen
aristocratic
Gräfin
im Doppelsinne
novels
married
he loved
rival,
(Frankel,
only
Simon,
future
Hahn-Hahn"
things
of
to
only
not
to
the
Hahn-Hahn,
AD8, vol.
targets
for
queen of
from
other"
was
and Fanny was
zu ihrer
p.
for
a letter
und stillen
LII,
show
man she loved.
"the
another;
Gegensatze
were easy
into
even though
Rivalin
Fanny
she
comes
be entered
Queen Victoria,
but
told
her family,
30
This
an Assessor.
of
anxiety
should
much envied
sozusagen
Ida
was a taste
loved
still
the
from
marriage
Empire,
most powerful
Gräfin's
198)
p.
was to mark
companion
to amuse her
when,
much to
independence
of wilful
Gräfin
as author
later,
years
a proposal
refused
love
career
as invalid
role
II,
she began to write-stories.
Three
firmly
her
year
her
of
Märchen,
of
she
which
made itself
Ich war gern am Meere, seine Poesie war
mir stets
als die der
zugänglicher,
Gebirge.
Die grosse,
unabsehbare Weite
hatte
Etwas, worin mein Geist sich gern
das Schrankenlose
verlor,
gab mir stets
das Gefühl einer persönlichen
Allmacht,
dennwie weit das Auge auch trug,
der
Gedanke reichte
darüber
hinaus.
(Lewald,
Lebensgeschichte,
vol.
the
Fanny
aunt
home and accompanied
Her love
spa.
as a radical
her
company of
1833 she returned
a Baltic
so vividly
her
(1786-1837),
Börne
and Berlin;
Rhineland
the
both
With
Jew.
enjoyed
Simon.
on her,
influence
and as a converted
travelled
and Ludwig
Meyerbeer
she encountered
ZeitWidersacherin
770).
ridicule
The
and
126.
Lewald
herself
(1847).
In
the
of
1839
this
time
to
home once more to tend
called
the
cided
with
king,
Friedrich
festivities.
Wilhelm
August
journalist,
Stuttgart,
tions;
as 'Briefe
enough
to devote
this
IV.
event
sick
editor
asking
her
to give
his
her
life
the
start
of
a new era
on
on alone.
return
coronation
cointhe
of
theatre
critic
the
journal
'Europa'
these
of
letters,
celebra-
he pub-
which
she felt
that
confident
Lebensgeschichte
in
life,
her
new
and
In her
to writing.
of
father
the
1840,
in
Diogena
stayed
an account
of her
praise
she
the
of
in
her
motherardher
Her cousin,
aus Königsberg'
marks
where
then
was through
lished
Berlin,
honour
them
of
accompanied
Lewald,.
wrote
it
Lewald
her
in
parody
cruel
autumn
journey,
a second
She wasthen
in
if
a witty
wrote
she calls
which
"Befreiung".
1842 Fanny's
In December
Fanny was now free
to leave
died
mother
home.
Through
had been approached
by the publisher,
(Jenny,
1843;
second novel
published
first
novel,
Clementine,
which
was to
be her
the
creator
(Willibald
also
of
the
base for
historical
Alexis),
cousin
and socials
who was both
Ludwig
at
Fanny Hensel's
famous
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy,
Liszt
Tieck,
land.
31
between
regardless
faith.
and even the
Fanny was warmly
Jewish
the
people
whether
of
Berlin
intellectual
so after
the
was in
'ä la
amongst
British
greeted
in
life.
sight
them the
an Englishwoman
they
had in
its
hey-day
of
ambassador,
the
gone over
von Raumer,
of Westmorebond
the
was always
to
the
great,
Christian
lively
all
the
more
Ich war zwanzig Jahre alt,
als ich das
eine Gestalt
erste moderne Oelgemälde,
Sagenkreise,
aus dem Ossianscheen
von
Julius
Moser, sah, und einundzwanzig,
als ich, wie ich in diesen Memoiren
die ersten Statuen
erzählt,
erblickte.
(Lewald,
Lebensgeschichte,
vol. III,
p.
241)
sheltered
and the
life
and Fanny relished
Felix
brother,
Earl
by Fanny Hensel;
fact
Härings
and introduction
hostess's
time
and
the
of
Friedrich
that
Hiring
Wilhelm
Joachim,
Germany at
Berlin,
Here she met
Scott',
to
married
her
published
the
society
her
of her
rest
she
her
who accepted
In 1843 she moved to
gave her
prodigy
August,
cousin,
She became friends
Rellstab.
names,
her
50 and
age of
she had already
novels
of
to many other
the
the
Brockhaus,
1842).
in
at
enthusiasm
in
for
the
arts,
Königsberg:
127,
This
period
made a further
first
the
in
eleven
years;
1841 saw her
her
uncle
and,
her
sick
handsome young man sitting
being
it
told
the
helm,
Hartmann,
this
her
it
Teplitz
where
was
with
she accompanied
Dresden,
to
for
account
firstly
Elbe
down the
at
was Moritz
two spas,
Franzensbad,
secondly,
Travelling
sister.
in
She
Simon again
and met Heinrich
32.
to
according
a happy reunion.
and aunt
"Wanderleben".
she saw as her
to Breslau
visit
time
life
her
of
she saw a
and carefree;
youthful
meant little
on
to her:
Ich hatte
den Namen noch nie gehört,
und
ich konnte nicht
ahnen, dass ich diesen
Namen einst
so lieb
gewinnen würde,
nicht
ahnen, dass ich in dem fremden
jungen Manne einen meiner künftiger
Freunde und einen guten treuen Genossen
für manche spätere Lebensstunde vor mir
hatte.
(Ibid,
III,
p. 83)
vol.
It
Hartmann,
was Moritz
political
poet and radical
(1821-72),
his part
who, having fled Germany after
Nationalversammlung
the
streets
and Baden uprising,
Edinburgh
of
thereafter
meet again
doctor
Kotzebue's
in
Paris.
had married
whose sister
in
Berlin's
literary
Although
she herself
her
persuaded
Fanny to
travel
Königsberg
and in
February
Theodor
with
for
of
Luise
Therese
Mundt,
Mühlbach,
and Baden-Baden.
wife,
and a further
lady
arguments
and conversations,
Germans,
and South
Germany struck
this
was the
time
southern
nature
radical
taught
Berthold
her much.
a cheerful
at
last
she
to
once more,
she associated
her
pseudonym
Gutzkow's
friend,
lady
middle-aged
to Nürnberg,
centred
Fanny;
Berlin
novelist,
Stuttgart
Bayreuth,
met August
Lewald,
whom she had inspiring
and with
Herwegh and Kerner.
in
Simon
briefly
Berlin
known under
found
first
for
out
stay
novelist
a warm reception
on her.
Heinrich
she had returned
On this
In Baden-Baden
(1771-1833),
Rahel
Paris,
to visit
1845 she set
Having
Fanny met Varnhagen,
Assing,
David Assur (later
exert such an influence
Italy;
Fanny travelled
as companion,
South
his
Fanny through
and whom she was'to
and whose wife,
wanted
Italy.
von Bacheracht.
who gave her
was to
to
Or.
uncle,
had long
Frankfurter
the
accompany
later
years
in
In Berlin
Königsberg),
hostess,
bound ultimately
ten
nearly
was to
journalist
the
round
ideas
The difference
another
southerner
Auerbach,
In her
of
the
between
two
North
and friend
whose uninhibited
Lebensgeschichte
she
at
128.
how, like
describes
up to look
perfect
on Nature
of God's
converted
most of
Jew,
as these
creations.
her
her
attitude
she had been brought
generation,
for
Man's
use,
by Auerbach,
Influenced
to Nature
Man as the
with
yet
another
now changed:
in der uns umgebenden Natur war ich so
fremd als möglich.
Die Frucht des
Feldes,
die Bäume des Waldes, die Blumen,
die Vögel, Alles
war mir nur ein Ganzes,
dessen allgemeine
Wirkung ich mit meinem
Sinn sehr lebhaft
scharfen
empfand;
aber
die Möglichkeit
des Untermir fehlte
ich eben
scheidens,
und damit entbehrte
Einsicht
so viel
und Genuss.
(Lewald,
Lebensgeschichte,
vol. 111,
She found
the
she freely
that
answer
saw this
to her
as having
desires
most
in
been the
Spinoza
tenet
p.
and fifteen
of
her
241)
years
from
beliefs
date:
ich mit einemmale,
und nun hatte
was ich
brauchte,
ich den Halt für mein
nun hatte
Leben, den Regulator
für
ganzes ferneres
mein Denken, Lieben und Handeln,
und zudie Anmahnung zu jener Unterordnung
gleich
des eigenen Willens
unter das Allgemeine,
kann, so lange, er
welche Niemand erlangen
noch den Menschen und dessen Wohl als den
Zweck der Schöpfung ansieht.
Es
einzigen
ist dem Hochmuth und der Selbstsucht
freilich
eine schwere Zumuthung, sich nur als
Teil
mitwirkender
zu denken, wo er sich
bisher
als den Herrn und Gebieter
gefühlt
hat;
aber man gewinnt
an der wachsenden
Liebe zehnfach wieder,
was man an Machthat.
und Wichtigkeitsbewusstsein
zu opfern
Monarchen und Aristokraten
werden wohl
ihre Rechnung bei dem Spinozismus
niemals
finden,
könnte er
und Staatsreligion
nirgend
werden als in der menschlichsten
der Republiken;
obschon er für die
Erziehung
und das Glück der Einzelnen,
für seine Ruhe und Resignation
ein wunderMittel
ist.
volles
(Ibid,
III,
vol.
pp. 244-5)
Thus suddenly
the
most of
years.
the
the
world
opened up to her
and she was able
many travels
She describes
in
she was to undertake
is a speechless
herself
child,
wonders:
ich gewann mit einemmale tausend neue
Gegenstände für meine Aufmerksamkeit,
the
to make
following
facing
these
on
129.
für meine Liebe
für meine Beobachtung,
Nichts
war mehr leblos,
und Verehrung.
für mich, Alles
Nichts
mehr unpersönlich
Alles
hatte
hatte
Individualität,
Bedeutung, Alles
sprach zu mir, hatte Anrechte
und ich sage
an mich, wie ich an Alles,
dass von
nicht
zu viel,
wenn ich behaupte,
jenem Zeitpunkt
an ein neues Leben für
mich begonnen hat, dass sich auf jene
lässt,
Erkenntniss
das Gute zurückführen
die mich kennen und
welches die Personen,
lieben,
etwa an mir schätzen.
(Ibid,
p. 248)
vol. Ill,
Fanny left
on to
Interlaken,
Bacheracht,
where
a further
Alleinsein
in
new life
therefore,
and thoughts
in
scenery
von
In August
a new light.
drinking
"das
in
294).
p.
she was fully
and moved
Therese
two weeks with
she spent
two weeks in Vevay,
(Tbid,
Natur"
vol III,
der
Italy,
reached
of
the Alpine
enjoying
she spent
full
Baden-Baden
schweigende
By the
time
she
and open to new sights
alert
and experiences:
Italien
umfing mich, Italien
nahm mich in
seinen Zauberring
auf, und wie jene
Pilger,
die zum heiligen
ritterlichen
Grabe wallen,
durch
ich in Italien
sollte
Nacht zu Sonne, durch Schmerz zu Wonne,
durch Tod zu neuem beglückendem
Leben
eingehen:
(bid,
vol III,
p. 306)
She visited
in August,
Here,
teacher
ical
Milan,
from
Genoa and Florence
1845,
Oldenburg,
but
scholar,
to
Italy
to
of
his
with
her
death;
father's
wife
to. depression.
At
returned
to
restless
period
his
to write
art
ill
Berlin,
of
(1805-1876),
and five
shocked
beginning
but
not
life,
and ethics.
Stahr
for
the
the
of
long.
years
of
of
his
growing
that
Steinhauer
during
which
Scotland:
Jahre eines unstäten
Und nun folgen
Wanderlebens.
Reisen nach Paris im
1848 und nach
Revolutionsfrühjahr
1846
spring
events,
October
on
had travelled
A few days later
these
as a class-
acclaim
despite
children,
by both
the
her
and with
and in
a school
himself
widely
health,
Fanny Lewald.
relationship
Stahr
on to Rome.
travelling
who had made a name for
history,
on account
he returned
she met Adolf
was also
modern literature,
before
Fanny heard
of
she was driven
year
she
describes
she visited
this
130.
England im Sommer 1850 sind Bildungsdem Zweck,
und dienen zugleich
reisen
Eindrücke
literarisch
zu
verwertbare
Einladungen
zu monatelangem
sammeln.
Aufenthalt
bei Freunden darf die junge
Schriftstellerin
in Rücksicht
auf ihre
Lage nicht
beengte pekuniäre
ausschlagen.
Wohnsitz,
Berlin
bleibt
zwar ständiger
lange Abwesenheit
aber die vielfache
Ausgaben zu sparen,
erfordert,
um doppelte
immer wieder einen Wechsel der Wohnung, so
das Gefühl
dass Fanny Lewald auch in Berlin
des Heimischseins
entbehrt.
Sie fühlt
sich einsam und wenig glücklich
in diesen Jahren.
IhrerNeigung
zum
das
Sesshaften
entspricht
gleichmässig
Das
Umherziehen
unruhige
gar nicht.
Verhältnis
sich immer
zu Stahr gestaltet
Seine Frau will
in
schwieriger.
nicht
eine Scheidung einwilligen,
und jahrelang
bleibt
Fanny Lewald auf kurze Besuche
Stahrs
angewiesen oder gelegentlich
eine
gemeinsame Reise.
(Steinhauer,
In
the
spring
1852 Stahr
of
and moved his
family
rooms in
Berlin
andauernd
eine
echt
und Arbeitsgefdhrtin"
to a divorce,
agreed
they
last
Fanny now at
much,
the
in
1868 in
the
Ein Winter
Harz
the
1852,
6th
until
since
They were
ashamed of
never
autumn of
Stahr's
February,
she had left
of
company of
discussion.
of Stahr's,
1855 in
the
autumn
Gross
the
of
they
1864,
herzog
visiting
Carl
summers of
the
published
toured
to North
Helgoland
Alexander
1855 that
Königsberg
was to be
also
Fanny's
1866 until
In 1869 they
wife
became a
They travelled
and later
Paris,
In addition
in'August
house
their
period;
and Rome.
Rom.
1858 and Ostende
in
time
literary
for
place
and from
in
the
was not
literary
autumn
Switzerland
it
first
an account
mostly
spending
the
in
her
ihm ...
Lebens-
had a home and some money and this
her most productive
meeting
on Fanny "blieb
entertained,
health
ill
Fanny in
geistesund gemUths- verwandte
(ADB, vol.
XXXV, p. 403).
but
For
married.
popular
time
Eventually,
liaison.
their
this
his
of
joined
He himself
and frequently
together
always
on account
retired
to Jena.
and from
pp. 11,12)
own, health,
1856 and 1861
autumn of
together
Italy
in
in August
von Sachsen,
with
1859
131.
for
whom Fanny corresponded
to Wiesbaden
"seine
Fanny,
p.
the
for
many years.
to undergo
she died.
for
a cure
but
October.
LII,
'Nachträge',
a demolition
and here,
asthma
order
to
August,
on 5th
to her
next
to
she continued
In 1889 she travelled
she was buried
days later
Four
her
travelled
on 3rd
house under
her
even more unsettled.
and was rendered
Dresden
lonely,
and desperately
leave
died
(ADB, vol.
Ehehälfte"
so eng verbundene
In 1885 she had to
travel.
In 1876 they
Stahr
but
winter,
milder
was devastated
771)
33
in
husband
Wiesbaden.
The events
an important
in
much,
struck
and France
a land
for
practice,
than
more appealing
dour
She had just
In
time.
East
native
and yet
she had been
to be far
Catholicism
German Protestantism;
North
Italien
katholisch,
hat mich nicht
nicht
romantisch
gemacht, wenn schon ich es
dort gelernt
habe, die Romantik zu verdass für
stehen,
und es anzuerkennen,
der Katholizismus
gewisse Organisationen
das entsprechendste
Element ist.
(Lewald,
Lebensgeschichte,
vol.
her
Moreover,
figures
and important
both
above,
ened the
nent
February
already
five
Keller
of
her
crossed
day.
and Fontane
lady
forceful
an "altes
Liszt,
Johanna
1848,
friend
a personal
months'
stay
in
of
in
and Heine.
Paris
the
Britain,
in
with
poet.
III9
281)
p.
of many prominent
to
those
mentioned
Keller
christ- and four promiBilder
were Pückler-
Berlin
Dragonerweib":
she was in
while
In addition
accounts
Kinkel
those
with
met Lewald
of whom she left
figures
Muskau,
had already
path
teaching
Roman Church's
she felt
visited
she had learnt
Italy
Prussia;
the
between
gulf
be seen to have
can thus
Scotland.
of
first
the
by the
clergy's
tour
to her
so alien
particularly
and its
on her
bearing
Italy
both
life
Fanny Lewald's
of
Zwölf
She had met Heine
von Bacheracht,
Therese
later,
Two years
in
she saw him again
in
her
after
Paris.
On her
in May 1850, Fanny had also met Johanna Kinkel
way to England,
(1810-58),
both as a woman of letters
and a divorcee
spirit
a kindred
who remarried.
While
Gottfried
(1815-82)
February
for
Kinkel
1852,
Manchester
in exile
toured
as a republican
Britain,
activist,
lecturing
in
her
husband,
Edinburgh
in
of introduction
and Fanny was able to give them letters
34
time,
too, Fanny was already
By this
and Edinburgh.
132.
known as a novelist
her
for
fought
By the
lished
Clementine
who had died
(1849,
Ferdinand
1833,
in
both
in which
1850 she published
two novels
relating
Liebesbriefe
Gefangenen
and Auf
the
eines
many works
ungewöhnlich
of
her
writing
her
Jewish
the
ADB, vol.
"die
which
(1847),
emerges
England
und Schottland
(1851 &52),
Deutschland,
Italien
und Frankreich
(1878),
(1869),
warmer,
less
and was not
Her social
letter
point
rational
above
which
in
was over
to Grossherzog
what
side
indulging
awareness
she revealed
to another
fact
in
present
while
her
in
travel
aus dem Jahre
aus
Sommer und Winter
the
in
a
of Nature
beauties
Romanticism.
but
Britain,
highpoint
am
too,
character,
of
in
dated
from Manchester,
been the
events
Reisebriefe
amount of
a certain
Alexander
Carl
had in
drank
But the
to her
side
ver--
Erinnerungen
1848 (1850),
Genfersee
als
rationalistisch
770).
and
fictional
both
vielfach
-p,
UI,
and the personality
own life
(Italienisches
Bilderbuch
in
return
These,
to come,
reputation:
Varnhagen,
March Revolution,
Erde.
rother
years
Rahel
On her
to the
und ausschliesslich
nüchtern
Fanny Lewald"
schrieene
in
she was to write
gave her
and political,
1850 she had pub(1845)
Lebensfrage
figure).
was a central
woman who
as a woman and as Jewish
in
to Britain
of her visit
(1842),
Eine
Jenny (1843),
time
Louis
and Prinz
an emancipated
concern,
to happiness,
right.,
born.
social
of
her
a
24.8.1850,
tour:
denn
ich
Ihnen
hier
aus
nur
will
von
...
dass ich drei Monate in
noch erzählen,
London gewesen bin;
dass ich dann über
York nach Edinburgh
gegangen, dort 14
Tage gelebt,
und von dort eine kleine
Tour nach dem Hochlande und den Hebriden
gemacht habe, bei denen die Fingalshöhle
fast unverder unerreichte
und wirklich
In
Glanzpunkt
gleichliche
gewesen ist.
Edinburgh
traf
ich zufällig
zur Zeit der
Naturforscher-Versammlung
britischen
ein
im Hause von Mr. Robert Chamund lernte
dessen Gast ich in Edinburgh
bers,
war,
England
eine grosse Anzahl des gelehrten
kennen.
Ich habe die Engländer
sehr
lieb
gewonnen und Freunde unter ihnen
für das
die mir hoffentlich
gefunden,
Leben bleiben.
(Gbhler,
p. 67)
This
was hardly
nüchtern
the
reaction
und ausschliesslich
of
a woman described
rationalistisch";
as "ungewöhnlich
in
Scotland
she was
133.
to
find
to her
sides
Lewald
by the
it
of
plenty
doubt
was without
1848,
of
to see beyond
to his
duction
both
the
and irrational
rational
nature.
events
hard
for
attraction
compilation
her
Ludwig
1900,
of
time,
so many of
the Vormärz.
1838-1888,
Fanny Lewald
like
but,
her
of
a child
affected
finding
generation,
in
Geiger,
the
intro-
und Gedachtes
Gefühltes
her
discusses
deeply
von
and opinions:
character
Freisinnig.
blieb
aus einer
sie stets;
Demokratin
wurde sie eine
energischen
dem Doktrinären
abhold,
gemässicta Liberale,
Ihr deutsches
dem Maulheldentum
feindlich.
Bewusstsein
sich,
nachdem der Einstärkte
lebendig
in sich
heitsgedanke,
den sie stets
war.
gefühlt,
mit Blut und Eisen durchgeführt
Für Ausländerei
hatte
sie nie geschwärmt;
Erfolge,
die grossen nationalen
deren sie
ihren patriosich freute,
verstärkten
Sinn.
tischen
(Geiger,
p. xxiii)
Nonetheless,
thinking
the
importance
be understated,
cannot
ed.
As far
as literature
never
having
outgrown
therefore
the
her
life
to
to return
death,
after
those
Geiste"
Gefühls-,
sondern
Although
to listen
from
misquote
namely
that
and improve;
enhance
towards
drawn
retained
Goethe,
and talk;
memory,
but
1870's
in
or
she was
immortality
envy,
and
for
-
Willen
starkem
von
...
keine
"keine
religiöse,
Frau
(Ibid,
she did
p. xxii).
not
read
she would
as a result
remained
the
Christianity,
amount of
Verstandesnatur"
of
of
was then
Romanticism
either
believe
a certain
She remained "eine
(Geiger,
p. xxiv),
eine
to
with
encounter
not
this
as
and
art,
new literature
the
she could
admirer
a great
preferred
ideal,
youthful
brief
it;
yet
who could.
und offenem
sees Lewald
she was not
her
she remain-
patriotic
Geiger
antipathy
After
Mysticism.
firmly
however
and her
to her work
travels
was concerned,
should
And yet
and 1880's.
never
her
literature,
cause of
of
Lewald's
untroubled
much,
but
often
by any potential
inaccuracies.
Lewald
1870-74,
of
her
her
was a prolific
writer;
twelve
volumes.
comprise
work,
clarity
Bornmüller,
of
thought
writing
and style:
her
Gesammelte
As regards
shortly
before
Werke,
contemporary
her
death,
published
opinion
praises
134.
dieser
Frau tritt
das
In den Schriften
Verstandeselement,
das
scharf
pointierte
ihren Stammgenossen eigen ist,
sehr in
der-Idealismus
dagegen
den Vordergrund,
über Gebühr zurück.
Der einfache
und
klare
Stil
erhebt
sich nie auf den
Schwingen der Begeisterung
in den Äther
Poesie;
verklärter
was dagegen bei einer
des Lebens
allein
auf die Realitäten
durch scharfe
Geistesart
gerichteten
Darstellung
Beobachtung
und lichtvolle
geleistet
werden kann, hat die talentSchriftstellerin
in der That
volle
geleistet.
(Bornmüller,
P. 429)
Twenty
work,
Lorck
earlier
years
had words
also
of
Lewald's
for
praise
concluding:
Speciell
dass in stylissei noch erwähnt,
tischer
Beziehung Fanny Lewald gegenwärtig
wohl keine Rivalin
zu scheuen hat.
Ihre Sprache ist stets
bestimmt
und
klar
einfach,
und wohllautend,
und sie
übertrifft
ihre
in dieser
Hinsicht
alle
Genossinnen.
(Lorck,
Suppl.,
p. 65)
Fanny Lewald's
form.
The first
London,
where
England
letter
und Schottland
is
she stayed
dated
until
17th
last
the
is
in
written
May, 1850 from
July,
week of
epistolary
In
London.
she experienced
much, observed much and met many people,
amongst them Thomas Carlyle
(see '8.
Sendung',
Sendung',
pp. 247 - 68, and '12.
pp. 379 - 409).
('13.
She also attended
"Schottenfest"
Lord
Holland
the
home
a
of
at
).
Sendung',
410ff.
At the end of July she travelled
by train
pp.
to York
and from
Melrose,
visiting
there
Abbotsford,
most of
the
time
tour
the
Highlands,
of
Glasgow
before
trip
Iona
to
Taynuilt
17th
to Edinburgh,
as guest
taking
first
the
and Staffa.
and Loch Lomond.
August,
from
Glasgow.
where
Roslin
of
Robert
and Hawthornden,
Oban and from
She returned
The last
Next
to Glasgow
letter
from
day she travelled
two weeks,
and staying
Stirling
Linlithgow,
to
for
She then
Chambers.
visiting
steamer
she stayed
there
made her
and
making
by stagecoach
Scotland
is
the
via
dated
on to Manchester.
135.
WAAGEN
Friedrich
Gustav
der
1794,
the
while
the
son of
was born
in
Waagen was introduced
to
After
Bildergalerie.
the
of
world
death
the
Ludwig
of
1801 that
in
in
art
his
of
and Direktor
February,
Waagen
Heinrich
Friedrich
sister-in-law
Dresden
History
in Hamburg on 11th
Christian
artist,
Tieck
visiting
Berlin,
Alberti,
Louise
and Johanna
Professor
in
Gemäldegalerie
of Art
Waagen,
Tieck.
It
the
seven-year-old
the
famous
in
mother
was
Dresdener
1807,
family
the
school in Hirschberg
where Waagen attended
moved to Schlesien,
C
Cora] , before going on to study at the university
now Jelenia
[Wroclaw]
in
Breslau
After
two years as a volunteer
in 1812.
Army during
Prussian
in
studies
the
Breslau
of
professor
brother
younger
the
year,
art
of
first
a new museum and art
Karl
it
was opened
much of
knowledge
England
his
leading
and in
galerie,
Italy
art
in
an order
in
1841.
treasures
Künstler
in
which
Here,
and stayed
Deutschland
closely
with
Vienna
the
royal
for
for
order,
over
was published
they
the
he wrote
collections;
the
soon rendered
him one
art
Paris
some months
paintings
from
His
IV,
the
sent
he acquired
who had
BilderWaagen to
paintings
Kunstwerke
1843-45,
and
and toured
Wilhelm
Friedrich
from
the
followed,
that
years
a year.
up
following
Although
Waagen managed to reverse,
by royal
over
In 1835 he visited
The new King,
1840 to recall
setting
and the
'Kunstreisen'
experts.
1839 he visited
the
Europe's
touring
on these
art
in
amount
name as an
and together
time
Bildergalerie
the
of
time
Germany extensively.
attempted
this
and he was named Direktor.
he acquired
Europe's
at
Munich
on the
By 1829 Waagen had taken
a considerable
and published
he spent
1824.
in
and planning
organisation
year
Italy
to
travelled
to work
He associated
Schinkel,
Friedrich
he
in
he settled
he made his
which
Berlin
gallery.
The follow-
on which
Netherlands,
through
1823 he moved to
In
'Kunstreise',
extensive
In 1818
von Raumer.
a doctorate.
and gained
writings
to his
his
with
Friedrich
Germany and the
publish
critic.
architect,
of
his
through
and began to
Karl
Heidelberg
the
well known relative,
Georg von Raumer (1783-1865),
historian
the
of
after
travelled
and lodged
mineralogy,
Waagen moved on to
ing
1815,
in
Waagen returned
Wars,
Napoleonic
in
while
and
und
in
1844
136.
he was appointed
at
tion
the
of
in
published
of
Paris
last
to visit
the
Mohrenheim,
ill
took
the
Russian
Waagen's
means smooth or
ment in
Berlin
most of
Generaldirektor,
aber
would
nition
in
himself
from
the
1856 to gather
Sir
friends
of
with
British
in
Britain,
In
reputation.
him to produce
Kugler's
Waagen into
1862).
of
the
nificance
of
against
his
of
appoint-
the
superior,
death,
Bildung"
know that
to
recog-
was to
in
bury
England,
too,
in
to
Berlin
he could
then
use to
the
painter
who even travelled
in
Gallery
to act
contrary
reaction
Waagen which
einigem
mit
continued
opposition
and
rivalry
Dilettant
Waagen's
National
to gain
where
an English
access
London,
to many of
and as such his
gentry
1860 his
Handbuch
his
the
first
On Waagen's
to London he had become
visits
35
Eastlake.
Waagen was one of the first
art
and historians
critics
tions
evidence
Eastlake.
Charles
close
Moore,
Director
the
attack
Morris
his
he came to
Waagen roused
work.
Baron
was by no
and frequently
Even if
on his
he unexpectedly
wissenschaftliche
judgement
his
friend,
professional
Waagen's
be forthcoming,
painter
days of
the
vornehmer
until
of Art.
not
his
who,
account
there
and distinguished,
person
"ein
better
interests
best
the
latter's
the
his
was
year.
learned
ohne gründliche
(ADS, vol. XL, p. 412),
the
that
from
in
all
von Olfes,
Kunstinteresse,
against
Copenhagen,
1823 he came up against
in
altercations,
his
in
Right
easy.
on from
ambassador
however
career,
moving
visiting
of
there
work
1867 he travelled
In
while
July
the
publishing
In 1868,
on 15th
and died
invita-
catalogue
he published
1866.
in
the
at
his
of
likewise
Vienna,
Exhibition,
Great
England.
to
visit
in
to Spain
a journey
after
From 1866-69
treasures
art
to
result
.
however,
fill,
In 1862,
Petersburg
and the
1864.
in
Kunstgeschichte
scarcely
year.
to. St.
The Hermitage
Munich
foremost
the
findings
to
in
the
so much of
der
he could
a post
he travelled
Tsar,
collection
Berlin,
for
he travelled
since
art
in
University
the
Professor
ausserordentlicher
he earned
himself
der Malerei
own Handbuch der
of
the
private
was of
Dutch
and this
Geschichte
in
great
collecsig-
a considerable
John Murray,
London publisher,
version
work
the
and German sections
turn
der
commissioned
by
was developed
(Stuttgart,
Malerei
137.
The titles
for
themselves:
account
of
Galbry
chief
Mss.,
of
&c.
Pictures,
forty
MSS., &c.
&c.
his
to
that
year
in
Great
that.
in
Waagen
Great
Review'
and the
Treasures
England
Art
for
in
1854)
an account
of
Sculptures,
Drawings,
and now for
In the
and
first
the
to
preface
the
on British
art,
(1837-39),
Paris
und
which
as 'The
art.
it
By 1851,
he had stayed
sufficiently
in Great
Britain,
a wider
public:
Quarterly
had been the
1835 and through
also,
and felt
Royal
work
British
year
months
was intended
I
in
previous
of
England
Sculptures,
Murray,
being
speak
an
the
of
John
and 'The Athenaeum',
in
thirteen
first
Being
director
Britain,
Paintings,
art
Drawings,
London,
by such periodicals
received
stay
his
Britain.
Paintings,
vols.,
of
German interest
rouse
English,
collections
und Künstler
five-month
publish
of Art
Waagen writes
Edinburgh
altogether
(3
on British
works
in 1854 and 1856,
visited
(London,
1857).
John Murray,
had been well
'The
in
Dr.
by
Berlin
more than
Kunstwerke
Art
of
&c.
and Cabinets
former,
of
collections
Galleries
described
English
two
Treasures
the
Illuminated
Waagen's
of
which,
Review',
fruit
of
he had hoped
after
in
a visit
Britain
knowledgeable
being
have
from
first
the
erased
work all
...
to
such portions
as were interesting
German readers
only,
and also
suppressed
the descriptions
have
of collections
which
been subsequently
At the same
dispersed.
time
I have retained
opinions
and
various
included
remarks
on subjects
not strictly
the domain
within
arts,
of the formative
from the belief
that
the impressions
of an
foreigner
unprejudiced
some
would possess
interest
I
with
many an English
reader.
have also
form,
to the epistolary
adhered
to the style,
as offering
greater
animation
limits
that
the usual
of a
notwithstanding
letter
by the new
are greatly
exceeded
Besides,
additions.
many collections
....
had been more or less
increased,
or altered.
in arrangement;
to render
and in order
title,
this
of its
work in any way worthy
these,
it
to visit
became my duty
not only
the more important
but likewise
all
collections
to me, in London
hitherto
unknown
as well as throughout
and its neighbourhood,
England,
to which I
and even in Scotland,
was an entire
stranger.
(Waagen, Treasures
of Art in GB,
'Preface',
p. iii
written
to
in
138.
In the
Waagen tells
1857.
time
As stated
ten
the
Hume Campbell
Kinnaird
at
In addition
the
ings
Earl
both
Priory,
additional
in
Duke of
Hamilton,
1854,1856
for
the
and
last
Elgin
Lord
Stirling
Palace
Dalkeith
in
trip
he gives
to
both
the
and also
Sir
Broom Hall,
Keir
Trossachs.
list
contributes
Belhaven
Hugh
Lord
and various
and galleries
Edinburgh
a critical
Sir
Lord
Gosford,
at
at
amongst
Breadalbane,
Lord Wemyss at
and public,
each location
comments.
the
William
visited
private
above,
of
House,
he made a short
he found
Britain
Scotland,
in
visited
Marquis
Hopetoun,
of
Rossie
Preface
in
the
Garscube,
at Marchmont
collections,
in
at
Waagen also
others.
of
collections
Campbell
at Wishaw,
Great
to Britain
return
to collections
refer
private
Archibald
to Britain,
visits
he was to
above,
in
later.
years
Both works
them the
further
three
of
of Art
and Cabinets
Galleries
to
preface
and
and Glasgow.
As indicated
of
the
a few
paint-
139,
RELLSTAB
1799,
the
Singakademie,
Zelter's
at
lending
library,
follow
a"career
decided
in
from
singer
who later
wrote
Qual vor mir" (Rollstab,
"das
Ludwig,
the
high
to
force
three
later.
household,
that
indeed
his
musical
in
career.
his
If
the
Rellstab
for
passion
summer the
relates
in
him to
give
which
young
Ludwig
family
went
well
are
The city
boy loved
I,
p. 25),
the
der
of climbing
to get
the
trees
the
it
his
was useless
two or
the
many prominent
fully
it
escape
good stead
his
die
p. 19).
fondest
Tiergarten
away:
Was mich noch heut beglückt,
im
beseligt
einsamen Walde unter den hohen sanft
den Lauten
Bäumen zu liegen,
rauschenden
dem Spiel
der Sonne
der Vögel zu horchen,
dem Zug der Wolken zuzuin den Wipfeln,
Ferne von
schauen, mich in weiter,
weiter
der Welt zu dünken:
dem Gewirr und Getreibe
das erweckte
auch schon in der Seele eines
dunkle
Kindes ahnungsvolle
Erregungen,
later
of
den mir
Rellstab
and
father's
love
latter's
but
an unusually
was made in
for
vol. i,
some of
in
a concert
studies
music
Erquickung,
country,
that
in
harte
C. P. E. Bach,
of
that
share
the
Uber Alles"(ibid.,
into
works
him in
not
share
Trunk
autobiography
memories
vol.
never
was to'stand
he could
mir
eine
place
could
but
als
so much music
and
complied
steht
up his
should
Theater,
realised
was a meeting
shop and
have attained
must surely
as a young boy could
geht
his
April,
children
accompaniment
father
unmittelbare
reicht,
Breslauer
he performed
his
knowledge
music,
"der
Nature:
the
his
Karoline,
Musikstudium
Nonetheless,
musicians,
Natur
and thus
him and allowed
Rellstab
in
orchestral
of proficiency,
years
that
outset
Aus meinem Leben,
with
age of nine,
level
the
Although
objected.
J. S. Bach and Mozart
at
and owner of a music
One daughter,
music.
was to become a popular
stubbornly
on 13th
Johann Karl
well known Berlin
musician,
(1759-1813).
The latter,
as composer,
pianist,
Rellstab
teacher
was born
Rellstab
the
son of
Friedrich
Ludwig
Friedrich
Heinrich
Every
also
early
in
Berlin.
139a.
Träume, wiegten
sie in süsse, halbbewusste
Entzückungen.
Und nirgend
erwacht mir meine
Jugend und ihr seliges
Glück lebendiger,
in
tiefster
innerster
Brust,
als wenn ich heut
die Zustände wiederhole,
unter denen das
bewusstlose
Kind aufwuchs.
(ibid.,
vol. I, p. 21)
When Rellstab
and four
live
the
but
become "einer
1806,
in
his
she and her
son,
der
stetigsten
a year
(ibid.,
vol.
Rellstab,
Haring,
Gymnasium,
and his
cousin,
in
who started
was a model
Although
dieser
pupil
came to
died
Rellstab
a few
himself,
Schriftsteller
Jugendzeit
they
were
than
class
so nahe
constant
HHring,
and finished
was
Kinderfreuden"
gekannte
Wilhelm
a lower
was widowed
two children
than
older
Genossen
1, p. 62).
sister
The daughter
Berlin.
the
father's
p. 20) - "es ist der rühmlich
36
Alexis,
dem mich
diese früheste
companions,
rivals.
young
vol. I,
Willibald
führte"
very
in
Rellstabs
later,
(ibid.,
the
later,
years
with
years
to
was still
a class
were also
Relistab
in
higher:
Mit meinem Vetter
Häring stand ich im
Ganzen gut, doch blieb
unser Zusammensein,
wie dies unter Knaben noch kaum'
ist,
anders möglich
nicht
ohne Reibungen.
Unsere Individualitäten
waren höchst
abweichend,
einander
oft geradezu widerMein Vetter,
strebend.
nur unter
Erziehung
einer weiblichen
aufgewachsen,
war lange nicht
so wild,
roh, aber nicht
deshalb dünkte ich mich
so keck als ich,
oft weit über ihn, und machte ihn zum
Ziel meines Spottes.
Er dagegen siegte
bedeutenderem
Felde über mich;
auf viel
er war fleissig
von den Lehrern
geliebt,
brachte
Prämien
nur gute Zeugnisse,
ich von alle
dem nichts,
sogar,
sogar
das Gegentheil!
Er wurde stets
als Vorbild hingestellt,
ihn auch
und ich hielt
in meinem Innern dafür.
(ibid.,
vol. I, pp. 245-6)
But if
with
Haring
a finer
outshone
Rollstab
memory and was also
in
most ways,
physically
Rellstab
the
stronger.
was blessed
Despite
140,
this
natural
Jugendgefährte
lichen
p.
in
Alexis
heut
haben uns bis
und wir
Beziehungen
Willibald
future
the
rivalry,
"blieb
den verwandtschaft-
ausser
freundschaftlichen
mein steter
vol. II,
erhalten"(Ibid,
62).
Rellstab
due no`doubt
taught
for
his
and thanks
mother
inability
his
to write
he never
mother
to
was partly
He was first
learnt
her
which
much poetry
partly
perhaps
compensated
and English
The French
well.
this
sightedness.
short
uncorrected
though
pupil,
and became a good reciter,
his
from
to
home by his
at
by heart
a good school
was not
he learnt
forgot:
Das Englische
wurde mir doch mindestens
dass ich Bücher
schon frUh so geläufig,
in dieser
Sprache mit geringer
Schwierigkeit
las.
(Ibid,
I, p. 78)
vol.
Later,
however,
rather
than
II,
vol.
at
converse
to
the
Werdersche
Gymnasium.
December 1805,
further
centrated
great
the
his
one ardent
almost
solely
the
surrounding
those
all
desire,
however
up on 1st
issued
the
Haring,
Messow's
in
which
for
and
school
1810,
to
vivid
ideali-
the
in
which
not
help
he thus
con-
would
be a soldier;
to
lessons
of Austerlitz
Battle
subjects
from
to
misguidedly,
the
of
his
an unexpected
April,
for
1815,
first
the
he showed a
only
and history
time
own father)
fulfil
his
He went
being
the
his
wish.
under
with
Wars many young
an ensign
(Fähnrich)
Brigadeschule.
entered
was
to
16 and so
He was
Husarenregiment.
life
he
and
Rellstab
Rellstab
the
bankrupt
and died.
them.
in
went
(which
stroke
into
in
business
printing
and despite
Napoleonic
was amongst
and even though
mathematics
father's
he was accepted
frenzy
too,
his
inherited
short-sighted,
In
in his
who harboured
on mathematics,
1806,
in
1813 he suffered
now free,
also
Sommermährchen,
aptitude.
had reluctantly
join
events
he
and in which
Gymnasium and finally,
Here Rellstab,
neglected
Meanwhile,
in
to Dr.
was French
it
that
helped
too,
sisters,
1804 he was sent
in
of
he admits
he was more fluent
(Rellstab,
in Britain
older
Joachimsthaler
sed memories
to
while
His
home, although
then
in which
232).
p.
Sommermährchen,
his
English
to
preferred
in
a pair
of
spectacles:
boys volunteered
the
Kriegsakademie
was soon ordered
His
and
to
enthusiasm
teach
for
141.
had also
mathematics
the
with
Devrient
as did
the
1819;
apart
such group
in
Together
as honorary
Rellstab
six
weeks with
Zelter's
from
Berlin
on to
Gerle.
mother.
life
military
first
his
neglected
By the
spring
necessary
some poetry
literary
Schubert.
'Dido',
inviting
ingly,
stayed
the
translations
top
in
Tieck
the
the
these
He then
associating
He also
little
of
of
settings
musical
poems and an opera
encourag-
too
to
be Goethe,
to accept
eager
for
an route
Bayreuth.
to Weber,
where
Jean Paul,
including
topics,
with him on literary
(Rellstab,
Aus meinem Leben, vol.
II
to his
true
who,
libretto
with
were the
although
moved on to Bayreuth,
closely
subject
build.
letters
was all
Dresden
the
who answered
Rellstab,
'Dido'
up on
Leopold
Classics
early
German men of
and showed his
of
Here
of
should
Bayreuth,
to
death
to.. catch
neglect
in
writer,
dissatisfaction
historian,
some of which,
visit.
three
the
him that
time,
was away.
to literature.
Romanticism
1821 he journeyed
some time,
discussions
this
latter
he resigned.
earlier
assured
to Jean Paul
him warmly.
received
of
and Tieck
and in August
He visited
Paul
Rellstab-to
considered
Jean Paul
brother
his
regret
on which
at
life
has been immortalised
38
He sent some of
merit,
libretto,
day,
foundation
his
for
von Weber in
popular
the
of
year
Frankfurt/Oder
moved to
by the
the
1820 his
of
year,
travelling
the
but
the
only
That
Maria
visited
1819 was also
and devote
he was to
even more when Jean
Franz
in Weimar,
they
was the
more established
of
Carl
visited
where
Classics
von Ranke;
wrote
they
whom
a 'Liedertafel'
any length,
of
for
Karner.
had grown so much that
studies
he was taught
support
journey
Prague
37
In May 1821 Rellstab
it
and Gottfried
two friends;
Adolph
Rellstab's
with
the
and enjoyed
made his
They travelled
Wolfgang
contact
two musicians,
founded
own 'Liedertafel'
and hoped to see Goethe
Dresden,
in
Klein,
these
with
Rellstab
member,
names such as E. T. A. Hoffmann
too,
he kept
time
and Bernhard
Berger
compose poetry.
Zelter
and with
Ludwig
composers,
he began to
this
During
and
the theatre,
the actor,
and in particular
world;
(1784-1832),
influence
exerted a considerable
on him,
artistic
Ludwig
the Artilleriebrigade,
join
him to
1818 he became an officer.
in
in
caused
he
enjoying
Voss'
, p.
who
Shakespeare
39
83);
142.
Jean Paul üm seine Meinung
Ich befragte
über Walter Scott;
er ging kurz darüber
im Allgemeinen
hin, lobte
und verwies
auf
Urtheil
ein gedrucktes
von ihm, das ich
bis heute nicht.
und leider
nicht
gelesen,
Von Lord Byron sagte er, seine Stellung
in der
in der Welt verderbe
seine Stellung
Kunst.
(Ibid,
II,
p. 97)
vol.
In September
moved on to Weimar,
Rollstab
1822,
enjoying
Wilhelm Müller39a
Goethe
February
Rellstab
Intendant
of
from
house of
play
first,
Hummel, and the poet,
composer,
but
take
Schopenhauers'
up the
to
introduction
the
some of
daughter-in-law,
present
was away at
the
until
Dresdener
Könneritz,
Theater,
who accepted a
40
he had written.
he
Like so many other aspiring
poets,
Goethe
Goethe
to
was glad
tragedy
sent
company of
he stayed
Die bekanntschaft
mit Johanna Schoppenhauer
[sic]
Tochter,
muss ich unter die
und ihrer
die
sehr erfreulichen
zählen,
und wichtigen
ich in Weimar gemacht habe.
Ich muss hier
dass ich keine sonderbekennen,
zuvorderst
liche
Begeisterung
für schriftstellende
Frauen habe, und mir daher die Schoppenhauer aus diesem Grunde vorweg nicht
recht
Allein
Bekanntbei näherer
angenehm war.
schaft
sie wusste
gewann ich sie sehr lieb;
Lebensrichtung
eine praktische
sicher
und
bestimmt
dabei fein
festzuhalten,
und blieb
Sie sprach viel
und geistvoll.
und gewandt, und ging mit Leichtigkeit
auf die
in der Literatur
neuen Erscheinungen
ein;
auch ihre Tochter war eine angenehme
Gesellschafterin,
sich sehr
und es liess
flüssig
mit ihnen verkehren.
(Ibid,
II,
pp. 120 -21)
vol.
disparagingly
he professed
his distaste
for women writers,
However
the
the
where
Frau
Zelter,
Frau
to Goethe.
and Zelter,
they
nonetheless
and it
brought
the
how the
back unread
times
several
Rellstab
recognised
boy was ignored
since,
with
the
the
him to be
the
by the
exception
to
visited
Mendelssohn
twelve-year-old
by his
an introduction
was she who invited
As a Berliner,
he performed,
were sent
Armed with
von Goethe.
Rellstab
and he relates
company until
poems:
von Goethe
when Zelter
prodigy,
his
to
young
assembled
of
Rellstab
He gives a lively
description
nobody knew his talents.
(Ibid,
II,
After
of the occasion
ch. 11, pp. 135 - 148).
vol.
to Berlin,
travelled
Rellstab
returning
once more to Frankfurt
and to
143.
Dresden,
where
he read
he then
attended
the
1823,
of
from
including
Tieck
those
He then
and Goethe
Friedrich
von Schlegel
from
Zelter
the
meeting
Ibid,
ch.
22,
post
considerable
him into
trouble,
1827,
on account
die
conductor
twelve
schdne
imprisonment.
im Gebiete
the
did
years,
Königliche
little
foremost,
music
his
and pursued
both
also
wrote
own private
verse
this
on the
which
led
to
'Iris
the most
articles
as an author,
His
and prose.
lasted
he made his
some political
career
unpopu-
journal,
that
one of
of
novel
and also
a musical
got
singer,
a polemic
was through
albeit
also
attacks
reputation
a
and exacting
the
attacked
Spontini,
a
he earned
some months'
(censored)
satirical
his
any personal
attacks
vitriolic.
He also
critics.
prolifically,
Schriften
biting
which
to enhance
Germany's
writing
His
the
Zeitung',
'Vossische
whose harsh
Oper,
name as one of
through
critic,
particularly
and it
paper
(see
from
glory
capacity
Sängerin,
Tonkunst',
the
however,
friends
In this
harshly
his
der
for
visiting
was,
than
From 1830 to 1841 he edited
reactionary,
von
he had already
and he had to serve
of
His
of
Wilhelm
recommendations
reflected
the
of
be much feared.
Sontag.
Henriette
as a music
however,
Henriette
more through
34 years.
reputation
imprisonment
lar
for
soon came to
words
if
he became editor
year
he held
which
to
visit
Berlin,
whom he had associated
with
That
merit.
to
returned
himself,
figures
this
of
further
1825 he met Czerny,
whom he made close
with
when Rellstab
made a name for
August
Thanks
highpoint
the
spring
224 - 266).
pp.
By 1826,
famous
and Grillparzer.
the
recommendations
from
in
and
in
on,
and Italy,
In Vienna
while
he attended
Arndt,
to Switzerland
Beethoven,
with
In Bonn, where
en route.
and Weber,
a short
moving
him a welcome
secured
travelled
Jean Paul
for
before
by Moritz
given
Weber again;
and visited
Heidelberg
of
and Bonn.
and Goethe
Schlegel.
to Tieck
'Griechenlieder',
to Luxembourg
lectures,
tragedy
university
and published
wrote
his
Gesammelte
1843-48,
twenty volumes,
published,
comprised
(1843
60),
As
24
Rellstab
and a later
edition
a writer
volumes.
is now forgotten,
in Lorck,
but a contemporary
indicates
critic,
that
his
Lorck
of
little
when first
novels
does not
merit
were widely
hesitate
read
to state
even then
and,
in
their
that
further,
day;
much of
that
at
the
Rellstab's
same time
work
he made himself
was
144,
exceedingly
through
following
Krüger
hand,
other
his
immensely
work
in
his
spent
1860 in
almost
he is
to the
century,
gekannt',
was
one should
him to
allowed
and translator41
who, 'when not
house at
to
travelling,
died
Tegel,
on 27th
November
are
language
full
of
parts
his
travel
of
too,
the
Sommermdhrchen
of
likewise
best
forgotten,
little
most part
shallow
literary
interest
in
only
himself
for
his
for
which
had the
remembered;
be a negative
rather
see beyond
Beethoven
in
like
his
Goethe
in
Bach's
'Iris'
outgrew
his
on the
was his
Schumann:
foresee
of music
moreover,
the
school
that
into
Klein
and Berger.
new music
Rellstab
being
of
weapon and in
of
is
it
that
sentiwhether
be
would
literature
than
this
the
of
One doubts
contribution
be seen as a
which
Zelter,
he was born,
could
Anything
not
beyond
even decried
contrived
Rossini,
it
social
to which
Rellstab
towards
for
it
rather
attitude
At one stage
'Johannespassion'
attacks
to
Nonetheless,
The value
extremes
In no way could
composa"friends,
was dismissed.
He launched
43
Liszt.
above all,
he never
since
modernist,
and,
one.
42
can be taken.
history
and the
interest;
the
of
the
merit,
and witty
reading.
perspicacity
to the
contribution
he is
as evidence
they
His many
verbose.
historical
social
Wilhelm
and in many ways
interesting
'Romanticism'
and so-called
Rellstab
its
friend
and superficial
tediously
do contain
works
and fiction-
any literary
if
cliches,
his
poetic
Schubert.
settings
bears
tiresome
lies
Like
musical
and as such make interesting
criticism
Rellstab's
who owe any reputation
poets
minor
unforgettable
for
that
agreed
to be remembered.
those
one of
being
mental
which
novelist
country
deserve
Sommermährchen,
content
arias
his
and 'Novellen'
novels
diligence,
the
else,
nothing
Rellstab,
unanimously
do not
Müller,
should
life.
active
If
dramatist,
Reiter
mutigen
day.
diverse
poet,
summers in
is
works
enjoy
hab einen
his
throughout
many editions
Berlin.
It
and,
his
for
his
end of
his
popular
as a critic,
the
al
'Ich
earlier
and biassed attacks.
1812 (1834),
novel,
on the
historical
to enjoy
songs,
Rellatab
admire
Rellstab's
his
much of
personal
unnecessarily
continued
and one of
also
his
that
states
and lost
in many quarters
unpopular
and outmoded.
'Meyerbeer
he attacked
the
and
Chopin
but,
145.
freieren
Wie schwer
zu einer
es R. wurde,
Anschauung
auch sein
zu kommen, zeigt
kaum eines
der
Verhalten
zu Mendelssohn:
dieses
Erstlingswerke
frischen
wunderbar
Die prachtMeisters
bleibt
ohne Tadel.
Ouvertüre
bewegte
zur Fingalshöhle
voll
die doch so energisch
R. matt;
findet
Hauptfigur,
eine
gleichsam
einsetzende
ihm
ist
See darstellend,
wildschaumende
"weder
schön
neu noch eben hervorstechend
Neu ist
sie nicht,
oder eigenthümlich.
ist
mit der
sie
zu nahe verwandt
weil
Satz der
im ersten
die Beethoven
Figur,
"
Trotz
Pastoralsymphonie
gebraucht!
....
Pedanterie,
trotz
seiner
solcher
all
Stellung
muss R. doch als
einseitigen
hoch geschätzt
Musikschriftsteller
werden;
in angenehmem Stil
vorgetragenen
seine
doch
Begründung
in ihrer
Urtheile
zeigen
Musiker
immer den durchgebildeten
und
haben eben darum,
auch man ihnen
wie wenig
überall
die Geschichte
für
wird,
zustimmen
Epoche
der Musik
seiner
und das Musiklebens
Werth.
bleibenden
(ADB, vol.
Perhaps
by the
he describes
time
'Elijah'
meinem Leben,
ch.
Chapters
his
with
40,
Newcastle
September),
Dumbarton
sights
decision
London
of
Highlands
venient
to the
Glasgow,
Clyde
travelled
from
Granton
in
was so good that
was too
excursion
Falls
of
great
schedules,
the
Clyde.
the
coach
the
via
Trossachs
boarding
the
and then
travelling
by boat
he journeyed
by train
and then
steamer
on by train
thought
a temptation
he abandoned
to
from
up
there
an from
along
the
Daune and
over
a week-
to journey
down
on by train
After
to Glasgow.
Scotland
had been hastily
to visit
(see Sommermährchen, ch. 13, vol. I,
the weather
the
up the
and back
Armed with
made a journey
by stage
and Balloch
Loch Lomond to Tarbet
Reisebildern
he travelled
steamer
before
in
1851.
September
He stayed
of
a performance
(Rellstab,
Aus
Sommermährchen
Edinburgh,
the
hear
).
Tourist,
he travelled
to Loch Katrine.
(13th-14th
end
the
to
taking
From Stirling
Callander
pp.
1851 he had mellowed;
London
in
246 ff.
and Galashiels
to Stirling,
Forth.
vol. II,
Economical
Abbotsford
to Melrose,
Edinburgh
he was to
Hall
15 - 24 of Rellstab's
in
to Scotland
visit
London via
from
Exeter
in
Britain
to
visit
in
and Black's
Bradshaw
his
how moved and how proud
Mendelssbhn's
deal
of
p. 784)
XXVIII,
seeing
Carlisle.
made white
he
to
His
was in
155,
Mon. 8th
Sept. );
of
seeing
oncoming
autumn
to
resist.
p.
both
a visit
Due to
in
incon-
to Staffa
and
146.
FÖRSTER
Ernst
Joachim
Förster,
(Saale)
MUnchengösserstadt
the
of
1829,
Gustav
moved to Langenlauba,
by Altenburg4
Philosophy
was unjustly
the
to
he was dangerously
ill
the
his
papers
until
Fürst
von
he
were not
in
companions
and marched
Even though
Jena
of
there
young
aristocratic
a common criminal
Innsbruck.
universiy
Colleredo-Mannsfeld,
his
of
He studied
staying
with
105).
p.
and soon after
the
year,
that
charge
intervention
to
was chained
conditions
in
appalling
in
he was released
Innsbruck,
in
Munich,
many weeks convalescing
and where he finally
was in Munich that he came into contact
with the historical*
settled.
by the
time
he struggled
to
safety
he spent
where
It
on the
arrested
Despite
Förster
following
the
tour in Tirol
on a walking
44
(1800
52),
Graf
and
-
Schwarzenberg
order.
Berlin
at
Sciences
and Natural
and moved to
While
Kruger,
was a pastor
Theology,
in
the
Förster,
birth
1822.
1800,
Waagen (see
Friedrich
was born
critic,
younger brother
(1791
Christoph
Förster
1868),
'Kgl.
Kunstmuseum'
in Berlin,
the
of
Christoph
Förster's
in181B
April,
Friedrich
as custodian
worked
alongside
.
(rheir
Karl
father,
and art
on 8th
and historian,
poet
from
who,
painter
Peter
painter,
give
for
up academia
to Weimar
travelled
portrait
the
of
in
Jean Paul
In the
Goethe
1826,
autumn of
he was later
biographer(Wahrheit
to
Förster
that
and drew a
his
after
Emma, eldest
married
Richter;
Cornelius
was with
him to
who persuaded
he visited
where
Förster
Friedrich
as Jean Paul's
1825,
poet.
1867)45,
-
It
painting.
'Kunstreise',
Italian
(1783
von Cornelius
first
daughter
known
become well
aus Jean Pauls
Leben
of
(4 vols.,
1827 - 33) and Denkwürdigkeiten
aus dem Leben von Jean Paul Fr.
(4 vols.,
1863)) and the editor
Richter
of his posthumous works.
(published
He was also to write
the biography
Cornelius
by
of
G. Reimer,
and lecturer:
sein
Geist
"durch
erwärmte
was married
his
1874).
Berlin,
numerous
Although
three
Förster
Rede ging immer ein äginetischer
(ADB,
XVIII,
und zündete"
vol.
p. 660).
times
and outlived
He died
he began his
working
Förster
gradually
and popular
seine
children.
painter,
was a lively
career
on many large
devoted
all.
in
three
Munich
wives
on 29th
as an historical
frescoes
speaker
Schwung,
He
and many of
April,
1885.
and allegorical
in Munich. and elsewhere,
more and more time
to
critical
writing
147.
historian.
as an art
(Leipzig,
Kunstgeschichte
University
the
four
his
the
but
devoted
much time
and care
of
sometimes
working
art,
Kings
the
Wilhelm
Maxof
IV of
(1851
(1870
'Augsburger
of which
-
der
Denkmale
Kunst
Prussia.
60),
own, but
Friedrich
August
der
Geschichte
deutschen
-82).
Allgemeine
the
Saxony
Zeitung'
and the
service
he
works
of
one can name the
der
deutschen
(1869
Kunst
78),
der italischen
for
the
Kunstblatt',
'Stuttgarter
In 1854 he published
1849.
1842 to
from
Italy
major
- 69) and Denkmale
Förster
wrote many articles
In addition
for
and Friedrich
Geschichte
italischen
Italy
In
(1853
Kunst
he was coeditor
of
(1838),
Malerei
in
often
known works
best
in
respected
he
he had been
where
and restoring
on his
from
1837,
painting.
rediscovering
Of his
über
Briefe
following:
Kunst
Bavaria,
doctorate
year,
Italy,
Italian,
especially
to
to
become. highly
he was to
on European,
works
The following
Raczynski
Graf
company of
zur neueren
him an honorary
earned
1836.
in
Beiträoe
work,
major
1835),
previously;
years
first
of. TUbingen
in
travelled
His
Gedichte.
Förster's
importance
secondary
artistic
to
contribution
work
which
to his
took
the
literature
of
writing,
critical
him across
yet
Europe,
is
travel
of
was his
it
Italy:
to
most often
[er]
Zeit
in
war mit den Besten seiner
Berührung
mannigfache
gekommen, hatte
Lande und
Reisen viele
auf fortwährenden
kennen
Fachgenossen persönlich
alle
hervorragenden
gelernt,
an allen
Erscheinungen
theilgeund Zeitfragen
nommen.
(ADB, vol.
XVIII,
p. 660).
In 1865 he published
his Reise durch Belgien
nach Paris und Burgund
(Leipzig,
1865).
Eine frühere
Reise hatte F. durch Frankreich
nach England geführt,
wo er auf den SchlösAristoder stolzesten
sern und Edelsitzen
kratie
offene Aufnahme fand und als Kunstberathen
wurde.
expert
(Ibid,
XVIII,
p. 659)
vol.
This
it
earlier
was after
three
travel
He realised
was undertaken
travels
and earlier
Schottland,
It
journey
to
in
was published
his
return
guides
the
from
which
potential
Italy,
Reisen
1851 and Förster's
in
1862
(Vermischte
this
1851 tour
were
of
in
to
England
Italien,
Schriften,
that
become standard
a cultural
guide
account
to
vol. I).
Förster
works
the
und
published
for
ever
visitors.
expanding
of
148.
'Kunststadt'
Fremde
of
in
(1853,8th
100
themselves:
Rbmische
",
Edinburgh.
the
Quäkers.
"Zwei
After,
Mr.
to
to Stirling,
it
Sabbath.
his
said
Gretna
and on through
his
there
Ist
friends,
on 24th
September.
Italien
IV. "Reise
days
the
Family
fill
nach York.
nach Edinburgh.
Hochlanden",
to
to the
night
of
15th
August
and,
after
to
the
a week's
visit,
Next
spend
to
Edinburgh.
Borders
on Sea.
left
day,
next
to
Chester,
finally
day
along
the
to
London before
Leonards
minister,
by coach
to Liverpool,
York.
by rail
August.
the
at
in
stopping
home of
through
Lake District
Exhibition
Great
he journeyed
he was forced
St.
does not
thus
Edinburgh,
Edinburgh,
the
in
and
S. Leonards".
the
of
he travelled
W. ",
"Unionhouse.
IV - VII do follow
and back south to St. Leonards
Buchanan,
briefly
London",
bei
chapters
train
in
1851
headings
III.
On Monday he returned
returning
"die
the
where
farewells,
Having
and Chatsworth,
S. C. Hall
on Loch Lomond and travelled
steamer
the
für
im Sommer
whose
own and Förster
had his
he stayed
where
Loch Katrine
being
in
Chatsworth.
although
he took
and on foot
the
Reisende
all,
den schottischen
to Scotland
several
in
V. "Von York
on its
having
Palace,
Mackintosh,
he took
Tage in
north
apparently,,
to Glasgow
fUr
Mässigkeitsvereine",
as such,
In August,
Crystal
Handbuch
Schottland
von
Baudenkmale",
an entity
he took
on Sea.
Landsitz
nach Liverpool.
any itinerary
route
the
is
fUr
und
chapters
Temperance-Hotel",
VI.
Each chapter
give
"Der
I.
"Von Edinburgh
VII.
seven
und normannische
Eisenbahnbauten.
England
in
pages,
"Das Haus eines
II.
by
Handbuch
and
Handbuch
ein
1865).
nearly
for
speak
followed
was
(1852)
Wanderungen
The Kleine
MUnchen,
result,
(1852),
Deutschland
edition,
comprise
the
and
Einheimische
und
Reisende
Munich
Derby
visiting
He arrived
the
country
on
149.
ZIEGLER
Alexander
Ziegler
the
Thüringen,
und Cameralia
him to
having
of
Mexico
from
of
avoiding
Ziegler
Reise
Licht-
Weber to write.
published
in
Algerien,
1856 under
Ziegler
1851 he visited
lands
in
Egypt,
the
travels
Spain
coronation
of
had unnecessarily
Staaten
true
to
and Morocco
the
through
travelling
Syria,
Asia
Tsar
Alexander
Minor
II
this
in
radical
to
Morocco,
and Greece.
Moscow;
the
mood, of
Europe.
and returned
Leipzig
by the
was
fUr
Australien,
of
him across
von Nord
Katechismus
und SUd-Amerika,
took
favour
he published
connection
(Dresden & Leipzig,
1848)
German emigrants;
writings,
hopes
endured,
1848 in
Der Geleitsmann.
title
also
1854 and 1855,
Palestine,
for
the
who had
In the
of
in
while
main concern
to be a keen supporter
showed himself
Ziegler's
the
In these
etc.
this
Gulf
the
und Westindien
In 1853 he was commissioned
a guide
the
In 1848 he
nach den vereinigten
Mittel-
nach Nord-,
to
Mississippi
Parlament
und Schattenseiten
publisher
Auswanderer
they
In
He
traversed
New World.
the
Frankfurter
1849).
having
fortu-
family.
wealthy
German settlers,
of
hardships
Auswanderer
and Der deutsche
Amerika (Leipzig,
,
and in
journey,
major
Nordamerika
His
breweries
however,
to New York.
in
on emigration.
control
Republikanische
the
plight
ideal
the
the
from
durch
the
their
in
1847,
1848).
had been for
out
of his
who
brewing.
abated,
of
autumn
beer
first
father,
him to
sent
of
had never
Cuba back
& Leipzig,
future
trade
the
at
Staatswissens-
His
then
world,
age
the
at
and then
of Jena.
the
travelled
Dresden
in
Schnepfenthal
backing
the
einer
encountered
He was educated
in
financial
Ruhla,
studied
and accordingly
Bremen on his
Skizzen
spoke
state
travel
to learn
from
States,
States
far
From an early
business
and by sea from
published
(2 vols.,
of
the
United
United
the
to Germany in
eastern
owner.
avidly.
see the world
May 1846 he embarked
returned
factory
University
the
at
enter
to
wish
in
1822 in
From 1839 to 1841 he studied
and Munich
Nuremberg
Ziegler's
January,
to
subjects
Eisenach.
Gymnasium in
intended
on 20th
Erziehungsanstalt'
'Salmann'sche
nate
desire
and related
geography
in
a wealthy
son of
a burning
he expressed
chaft
was born
times,
democracy.
From 1850 to
the
Mediterranean
Algeria,
Tunisia,
In 1856 he attended
he travelled
north
150.
through
Sweden,
on 18th
November,
Isles,
visiting
from
his
findings
Mit
Berücksichtigung
1852),
Leipzig,
in
and Staffa
Iona
Suez Canal
the
On his
displaced
1871,
for
during
Schwerdt,
cause of
the
had been set
which
work Ziegler
lotterie',
from
his
historical
history
experiences
was the
to
the 15th
Thüringen
author
pp.
in
astronomer
of
in
was indisputable.
1859 he had
for
trustees
the
Earlier,
in
i3ierbrauerei,
1640's.
and
geographical
gute
lassen"
himself
cosmographer
The service
In addition
to
leisten,
Dienste
vermissen
He concerned
the
his
'Schiller-
the
1864.
in
further
Quellenstudium
Regiomantus.
in
he wrote
'Schiller,
Orientirung
German scientists,
several
enjoy
in
der bayerischen
zur
with
collaboration
_stiftung',
for
German writers;
he published
several
at
Thüringen
and, papers
aspiring
board
the
was combing
fUr
in
the
to his
Th'Uringen,
native
1871 andwas to
of
breweries
45 and 162).
the
the war in
end of
Reisehandbuch
founding
zwar
of
opening,
Dresden
In Dresden
the
He
War and he was
Fontane
many articles
of
eindringendes
century
Behaim and the
the
the
assisting
the
his
of
Taschenbuch
in
at
in
he had written
of which
"die
writings,
aber ein tiefer
(ADB, vol.
ILV,
native
the
and
In 1867
Isles.
and France.
moved from
as Theodor
up to support
he had published
Ziegler
with
in
was elected
the
tours
the
1855)
He had-also
Andorra
'Schillerlotterie'.
light
been a leading
1853,
as did
(2 vols.,
Leipzig,
and Shetland
After
was republished
editions,
Spanien.
in
Interessen
tireless
services.
which
Reise
volumes,
Franco-Prussian
the
Ziegler's
1864),
published
when he had travelled to both
Ziegler
therefore,
British
1869.
in
on extensive
the
Ziegler
and he was present
these
same time,
(Hildburghausen,
the
touring
year
Mark Brandenburg.
further
also
Here he was to prove
he embarked
Heinrich
Orkney
to Germany,
return
a medal
much the
the
following
to
1860).
1851,
the
to
Italy
and wounded
awarded
several
Leipzig,
summer of
to Spain,
Ruhla.
native
the
1868 in
most of
spent
(2 vols.,
and also
he was to return
of
national-ökonomischen
(2 vols.,
Reise im Orient
Meine
Scotland
visited
the'University
der
im Norden
Reise
Meine
in
travels
these
year,
and Shetland.
Orkney
primarily
The following
on a journey
embarked
afterwards
from
doctorate
his
he gained
Jena and shortly
and Finland.
Lapland
Norway,
in
particular
Martin
he paid
the
his
Reisehandbuch
151.
he published
the
Many of
Ruhla.
Ziegler
did
erecting
spots
these
libraries,
tion
and learning
elderly
Ziegler
the
of
of
membership
freedom
Falken
founding
church,
the
to
a
schools
promote
educa-
to support
the
historical
he was a figure
to his
and edited
some import-
of
as honorary
as well
In 1861 he was created
Hofrath,
III.
added the
Ruhla,
of
many towns
Ludwig
novelist,
Classe,
Classe
He never
of
Prussia
1867 the
and in
I.
Ritterkreuz
distinctions.
King
the
des Ordens
In
married.
Als Mensch war Z. von grosser
Liebenswürdigkeit,
aber auch - eine leichtSchwäche - von ausserordentverzeihliche
licher
Eitelkeit.
In seiner
Heimath
erfreute
er sich der allgemeinsten
Verehrung.
(ADB, vol.
LV, p. 423)
Regardless
of
than
afield
whether
Ziegler
Thüringen,
was one of
profession
April,
his
or not
it
the
a traveller
work
brought
him fame further
"Weltreisender
earned him the epithet
(Ibid,
LV, p. 421)
vol.
und Reiseschriftsteller"
to Scotland
few German visitors
and travel
and as such
He died
writer.
who was by
8th/9th
on the
1887 in Wiesbaden.
Ziegler's
'Illustnrte
1852 (No.
while
beauty
Gerbig:
of
`
'Bilder'
of
Kronenorden
vom Weissen
clearing
note,
supplying
organisations.
von Weimar
of
a native
Sachsen-Weimarischer
on him the
words
the
of
Locally
Grossherzog
the
friend
countless
grossherzoglich
and aesthetically,
a 'Ziegler-Stiftung'
who was also
the
editions.
community.
writings.
ance and was given
native
several
and societies
clubs
of
socially
Ruhla
network,
finally,
and,
1881),
-
posthumous
conferred
railway
was a great
(1803
Storch
the
and founding
and poor
the
his
with
through
inhabitants
restoring
extend
with
went
sölely
district
the
former
to
and view-points,
to
too,
and industry
geography
concerned
works,
improve
much to
memorials
committee
his
them several
amongst
area,
history,
on the
many works
aus Schottland'
'Bilder
Zeitung'
457)
were
an article
in
the
and 1.5.1852
dated
"Oban,
entitled
issues
(No.
Juli
'Die
dated
461).
1851"
in
appeared
13.3.1852
The second
and "Lerwick,
Shetland-Inseln'
the
Leipzig
(No. 454),
3.4.
and third
Mitte
was printed
Juli
in
1851",
the
152.
(No.
of 4.12.1858
edition
805),
which was soon to be published
Weber, 1860)
Norden (Leipzig,
Orkney,
the
Shetland,
winter
Ziegler
of
had travelled
to
him,
at
material
from
the
verbatim
into
Meine
Orkney
'Illustrirte
Kingcausie,
boat
Firth.
Iona
1851.
trip
and Sweden in
Lapland
his
with
Meine
note),
the
travels
Reisen',
Reise
im
to Norway,
1851 and also
summer of
he writes:
In the foreword
1857 - 58.
Auf meinen, in vier Welttheilen
unternommenen
habe ich zuletzt
Reisen,
auch den höchsten
Breitenbis zum siebzigsten
Norden Europa's
und eine so allseitige
grade durchforscht
Kunde von Land und
Bereicherung
meiner
Leuten mit ihren Verhältnissen
und Zuständen mit heimgenommen, dass ich mich
schätzen würde, wenn deren
glücklich
Veröffentlichung
auch nur zum kleinsten
des Publikums
die Aufmerksamkeit
Theile
einer
genaueren
erregen
und zur Verbreitung
Kenntniss
weniger
von diesen verhältnissmässig
Erdtheilen
bekannten
sollte.
etwas beitragen
(Ziegler,
Meine Reise im Norden, p. vi)
done so before
the
deals
'Nordische
his
of
as a preview
(see editor's
least
Reise
Zeitung'
outside
Zeitung'
Ziegler's
his
Aberdeen,
second
transferred
first
to
visit
before
he also
article
presumably
is
owned by a Mr.
to Wick
also
Much of
writers.
the
in
estate
of
crossing
in
of
the
a steamer
that
the
and the
Boswell,
describes
undertaken
almost
article
the
the
to visiting
In addition
im Norden.
Isles,
few Germans had
that
conscious
few travel
describes
from Aberdeen
and Staffa,
North,
'Illustrirte
and Shetland
In the
the
Pentland
trip
summer of
to
153.
WICHMANN
I have made little
information
1851 - 1852 was published
1862.
The title
page of
& Camp. in
in
From its
there
contents
(p.
and France
much of
both
England
for
of
Picts
the
He stayed
Great
in
Scott,
for
a year,
at
Edinburgh
one might
the
of
and he also
heard
(p.
and Physics
by the
that
that
excellence
Having
unnecessarily
again
in
the
(p. 51),
lay
medical
History
the
lectures
he
Literature,
of
from
is
of
Scotland
in
dated
the
the
at
and Wales
Dublin
studies
he-
class,
discipline
Lake District
Schottland
lectures
with
one Latin
He left
London
the
From the
attended
the
as a
winter
to
and continuing
The
Bonn.
Braunschweig,
May, 1862.
Two further
British
2, p. 452),
(Berlin,
Abhandlung
1855-57
by Rudolph
and in
Dummler,
that
Hinrich's
1853)
Neuhoff,
recorded,
Bücher-Katalog
der
Philosophie.
Die Britisch-Deutsche
1861),
the
1852 - 56 (Part
Wichmann was resident
Bücher-Lexicon
therefore,
Wichmann are
Die Entwicklung
namely
(Braunschweig,
Heinsius'
assume,
works
Museum Catalogue
(Part
in
Wanderungen
see the
authoritarian
to
home to Germany to
land
romantic
(p. 1).
Wallace
to
the
returned.
to
London he visited
Musselburgh
on the
resume his
1st
Switzerland
between
through
of
lectures
53).
he never
his
'.
he had been a
where
main interest
his
from
to
was
be learnt.
to
University.
through
'Vorwort'
title
he spent
end of May 1852 and travelled
(pp. 87ff. ), returning
Ireland
there
the
facts
in
school
presume
he writes
professor
phil.
working
classes
off
'Dr.
bore
and William
Burns
while
was so put
it
urge
the
Geology
that
to an irresistible
in
attended
book reveals
1851 and from
of
teacher
sciences;
the
Germany,
modern language
he mentions
by H. Neuhof?
year
Exhibition
Scotland
attending
Braunschweig
where
and Scots,
in
from
first
the
countries
giving
in
author
absent
in
he attended
the Sorbonne and traversed
(p. 32).
From Paris he travelled
on foot
96),
the
whose Wanderungen
a few further
are
Wichmann was two years
(p.
in
Bonn
7);
student
Scotland,
its
Hamburg and that
any biographical
ascertaining
Wichmann,
Rudolph
concerning
Schottland
printed
headway with
former
2,
in
in
the
1851 - 65
Eine
Legion
being
also
p. 478).
the
both
entered
One might
Braunschweig
154.
by the
area
1862.
time
the
of
He must surely
"Britisch-Deutsche
to
includes
Göttingen
der
in
is
Catalogue
in
with
1861 and
the
as part
Sachsen
1867.
Über
and is also
(University
of
Philosoph.
The title
Union
treatise
in
a 'Schulprogramm'
of
National
Wichmann entitled
a mathematical
Dissert.
the
above,
mentioned
by a Rudolph
a work
Library)
Provinz
works
This
be found
have had some connection
also
the
Kreistheilungen.
to
by Neuhoff
published
Legion".
In addition
Catalog
two works,
Programme
the
as follows:
page reads
Programm, mit welchem zu der Dienstag
öffentlichen
den 9. April
stattfindenden
Prüfung der ZUglinge
des Gymnasiums zu
Salzwedel
im Namen des Lehrer-Collegiums
Dr.
ehrerbietigst
einladet
und ergebenst
Fr. Wentrup.
Direktor.
Inhalt:
1.
Ueber Kreistheilungen.
Von Dr.
Rudolph Wichmann
Schulnachrichten.
2.
Vom Direktor
Berlin,
Buchdruckerei
von Gustav Lange
und
Salzwedel,
Königl.
Hof-Steindruckerei
und Buchdruckerei
von Chr. Robolsky
1867
In the
Direktor's
und Physik"
to
"Mathematik
Quinta"
pp.
that
though
illness
25 - 8).
Herr Doktor
kept
"Ferienschule"
22 lessons,
is
Lehrer"
he might
have
to
Braunschweig
Bonn.
Augusta,
In the
the
pure
of
to
(A.
(C.,
February,
Finally,
teaching
the
32 -33)
and that
pp.
he will
in
that
Dr.
the
Lehrver-
'Allgemeine
2. Lehrerstelle
reported
run
'Statistische
Wichmann teaches
staff
of
eleven,
as
228 pupils.
in
it
namely
of Göttingen
der Georg-August
is
at
the
Salzwedel.
in
largest
Göttingen,
matriculation
Universität
Wichmann
that
conceivable
a job
taking
matriculated
University
"Rechnen"
end of
speculation,
and Salzwedel,
Die Matrikel
is
amongst
home area
first
and "Quarta",
the
Oberlehrer.
34 - 5) it
a school
"Secunda"
des Gymnasiums'
the
in
to the
"Sexta"
the
The 'Chronik
sixth
teaches
"Tertia",
the
him away from
Although
well
to
ranked
to his
to
"Mathematik
Wichmann
"Mathematik"
fills
pp.
was returning
Dr.
Wichmann
with
(D.,
Nachrichten'
ord.
"Prima",
und Naturgeschichte"
reveals
"2.
the
that
we read
and "Turnunterricht"
fassung',
the
report
If
university
moving
so,
near
an soon to
records
(Georgia
zu Göttingen,
1837 -
155.
1900)
is
there
of
student
a sole
entry
the
Heinr.
Rudolph
philosophy,
in
'Carolinum'
educated
at
jeweller
and pawnbroker,
the
under
name of
Rudolph
Franz
Wichmann,
Braunschweig,
had also
student
'Particulier'
his
doctorate
It
and had then
no foundation
firstly
in
from
fact,
the
Braunschweig,
in
time,
Rudolph
The title
"um Land und Leute
length
and the
in
the
of
'Vorwort',
he hopes an old
to
material
networks.
out
in
year
his
England
the
on speculation
place
and Göttingen
his
of
contain
arising
to
two of Wichmann's
of
the
area.
two paragraphs
preceding
based
the
works
at
own residence
name Wichmann,
the
uncommonness of
tour
of
that
Scotland
on foot,
(p. 83).
is
apt,
with
the
he justifies
dated
It
the
tour
readers
in
might
genuine
fact
this
with
work's
aim
publication
den 1. Mai 1862";
"Braunschweig,
walking
is
he did
for
produce
an age of
ever
of
plenty
expanding
rail
near
on his
Appin
first
in
in
1851,
travelling
to Scotland
some time
in
summer and arriving
to stay with a
end of August he was invited
Argyll,
there before setting
and he travelled
presumably
by boat.
At the
family
Rudolph
He finishes:
Wichmann arrived
Leith
the
a
Da bereits
zehn Jahre
verflossen
sind
seitdem ich jene Wanderungen beendigte,
und es nie meine Gewohnheit war, meinem
Gedächtniss
durch Notizen
zu Hülfe zu
kommen, so bitte
ich um gütige
Nachsicht,
ich mich irgendwo
falls
in einem Namen
in
haben sollte,
oder einer Zahl geirrt
allem Wesentlichen
wird mich mein Gedächtim Stich
haben.
niss sicher
nicht
gelassen
(Wichmann, Wanderungen,
'Vorwort')
"
that
is
fashioned
entertain
that
son of
Wichmann.
stay
which
particular
and was the
possible
Salzwedel
kennenzulernen"
his
this
in
"Wanderungen"
his
20);
is
post
publication
of Wichmann's
undertake
name Rudolf)
a teaching
both
from
No. 43,
Bonn to complete
the
and apparently
(p. 125,
from
instead
are
of
and secondly,
is
was
Göttingen
that
of
the'place
more particularly
indeed
but
proximity
1861 and 1862,
that
taken
be emphasised
should
It
had moved to
question
first
Braunschweig
Schöppenstedt.
in
Wichmann in
in
been educated
father
1849
in
a
who had been
his
where
and who matriculated
(with
168; 41).
Another
Wichmann
for
entry
(p.
1857
122, No. 46,698;
October
for
recorded
Wichmann,
extensive
spring
or
early
"Wanderung".
A Scots
theology
student
156.
him on the
accompanied
Inverness
to
steamer
from
Wichmann then
Ben Nevis.
climbed
to
Dingwall
and walking
Loch Carron.
the wilds
lectures
lectures
both
were
for
Edinburgh,
in
family
Together
University
in
the
spring
the
Roman Wall
his
companion
Lanarkshire,
they
Edinburgh
Wichmann
then
continued
on foot
to
coast
the
train
he also
through
him he visited
back
the
journey,
Before
At the
Lake District
Ireland.
From Dublin
he returned
Germany.
The account
is
and Wales,
entertaining,
stay
from
Falls
by a young
From Berwick
leaving
May 1852
Wichmann
down the West
where
to London and then
lively
his
following
finally
end of
a
with
the
joined
by train
travelling
Trossachs,
Back in
and Berwick.
Edinburgh.
Roslin.
visited
return
to
After
with
Peebles,
He was then
Kelso
time.
in Leadhills.
was minister
and visited
on his
started
him to
on foot
and Jedburgh.
and
Dyke').
invited
father
the
school
income)
expedition
traham's
up Ben Nevis
part
he toured
the
at
necessary
this
completing
time
part
way
end of September.
Pentlands
and with
took
he made his
Edinburgh
1852,
of
his
Ross
the
Tweed to Melrose
American
in
by Falkirk
where
of Wester
crossed
they
Clyde.
the
the
and on foot,
by steamer
search
of
over
at
the
was by now the
It
they
taking
Augustus
From Fort
teaching
in Musselburgh,
He spent the winter
there (a lucky break had assured him of this
attending
and together
on alone,
carried
across
and Appin.
William
Fort
back to
William
to Fort
steamer
he visited
left
and very
for
readable.
157:
KALCKSTEIN
It
has been difficult
Moritz
concerning
Scotland
Beitrag
für
sentimental
and more than
viii)
the
in
those
with
culture
in
born
the
the
of
value
its
Prussia;
Baltic
Berlin.
London
discussing
Hegel
the
with
the
life
British
of
holidays
of
and
he was
too, 'that
memories
in
1854",
im September
aspects
on
Landsmann"
preussicher
a Berlin
reveals
lived
evidently
had some knowledge
latter,
than
The book itself
One can assume,
He apparently
one can deduce
rather
work.
he writes
of childhood
(p. 218) and meets "sin
coast
(p. 279).
und Comp.
ein
title
practical
once he compares
of
and
und zum praktischen
however.
Kalckstein
about its author,
(the 'Vorbemerkungen'
are dated "Berlin,
Berlin
p.
artistic
or
jene Länder
' Even
from
for
was concerned
England
of
und Schottland;
an England
derselben.
beyond authorship
1854 by F. Schneider
in
über
Besucher
any facts
whose tour
Berlin
Reiseliteratur
Kalckstein
little
in
Erinnerungen
title
zur
Gebrauch
that
von Kalckstein,
was published
the
under
to confirm
of philosophy,
in
settled
merchant
Leith,
back to Germany (pp. 280 - 281).
He was a Beethoven
sailing
(p.
(pp.
50), who thought
little
49 - 50),
British
admirer
of
music
(pp. 68ff. ), and compared the London
art (pp. 54 - 6), and theatre
(p. 107);
ballet
unfavourably
with that of Berlin
on the whole,
before
however,
he was impressed
of
the
of
liberal
the
was already
point
London's
In the
Erinnerungen
Petermann's
Eim6 Skizze
(Berlin,
to
the
und Schottland,
insbesondere
der
Erdkunde
a letter
the
since
the
hospital
necessarily
ill.
mentally
46
Petermann,
in
of the
care
geographer,
own profession
was closely
this.
of his works support
(vol. 120) three works are
Lehrbuch
1860).
from
introduction
does not
Militairschulen
(Berlin,
1850),
Charlottenburg,
he was presumably
of
though
this
Kalckstein's
and records
an England
Freunde
in
Museum Catalogue
Lehranstalten
denkender
that
of
Bedlam,
interest
implies
British
help
'sights',
introduction
of
with
the
he visited
to any particular
Camden Street,
höhere
Embassy,
one of
But a letter
linked
With
outlook.
Prussian
architecture.
Buxton (p. 101),
Thomas Fowell
abolitionist,
As an admirer
British
with
für
Geographie
listed:
für
wie zur Selbstbelehrung
and Rom und die Campagna.
Heinsius'
Bücher-Katalog
158.
(1852
-
lists
56)
Schottland
three
two
and
lists
Bücher-Katalog
above
chen
Erdbeschreibung
1856,
though
addition
(1862)
and
In the
Schottland,
through
the
is
publisher
Caden]
[raphi
Geog.
(2
reception
to
writes
of
the
of
Hydrogr.
u.
in
polst.
he attests
introduction
to
the
his
popularity
Rom und die
Schon durch meine
den bedeutendsten
wissenschaftlicher
of
in
and
d. C er]
Geog.
(1863).
an England
Erinnerungen
encouragement
he had hitherto
his
England
Campagna of
published:
und Schottland
1860:
1854 erschienenen,
Organen critischZeitschriften
in
und
he had received
Die anerkennenden
Beurtheilungen
meiner
Leistungen
fruhern
schriftstellerischen
im Fach der Erdkunde,
in einer grossen Zahl
Zeitschriften,
critisch-wissenschaftlicher
haben in mir den lange gehegten Vorsatz
zur
That werden lassen,
Grundlage
auf dieser
fur einen
mit einer
populär
gehaltenen,
Arbeit
Lesekreis
bestimmten
umfassendern
hervorzutreten.
Indem
ich
nun
....
der Oeffentlichmeine Reiseerinnerungen
keit
übergebe,
nehme ich gleichzeitig
Herren
die Gelegenheit
wahr, den verehrten
die meine fruhern
wissenschaftlichen
Leistungen
ihrer
freundlichen
wohlwollenden
Beachtung würdigten,
meinen aufrichtigsten,
Dank fUr ihre Nachsicht
erkenntlichsten
Solche anerkennenden
auszusprechen.
Stimmen, zumal aus den fernsten
Gegenden
AutoriDeutschlands,
und von gefeierten
der Wissenschaft
täten
sind der erhebendste
Lohn schriftstellerischer
Bestrebungen
und
Zusprache
auf der Dorneneine ermuthigende
bahn eines Autors.
(Kalckstein,
Erinnerungen
an England
Schottland,
pp, iiiviii
Later
published
Schneider),
C acht]
Oro-
the
works
not
physikalisboth
Geographie,
Unterr.
the
mentioned
einer
d. C as]
u.
1852
Berlin,
four
the
as Weber,
Geogr.
physik.
u.
höhere
Hinrich's
Grundlinien
der
given
Berlin),
'Vorbemerkungen'
Kalckstein
the
C ür]
f.
vols.,
Mathemat.
both
Lehrbuch
the
and
the
Leitf.
by Kalckstein,
of
fUr
1856).
works
und
physikalischen
(Schneider,
Berlin,
five
an England
zum Gebrauch
und
Schneider,
editions
second
einer
Militairschulen
edn.,
enlarged
(the
Grundlinien
of
insbesondere
Lehranstalten
and
editions
Erinnerungen
the
also,
zum Selbststudium
Erdbeschreibung
2nd
works
von
u.
in
the
159,
Weise gewürdigten
"Erinneanerkennender
in
rungen an England und Schottland"
Lesekreisen
bekannt,
ich
grosseren
reihe
dieser
im Gebiete
meiner ersten Arbeit
der Reiseliteratur
eine zweite kleinere
einer in den
an, welche die Eindrücke
1858 unternommenen grösseren
Herbstmonaten
Reise,
in Bezugnahme auf Rom und die
hat.
Campagna, zum Inhalt
(Kalckstein,
Rom und die Campagna)
On the
back cover
signed
by the
Grundlinien
an England
the
of
publisher,
einer
tour
Italian
Ferdinand
is
Schneider,
Erdbeschreibung
physikalischen
und Schottland.
there
It
an advertisement,
both
for
the
and Erinnerungen
continues:
Unter den vielen
durchweg anerkennenden
Beurtheilungen
höherer
Organe:
critischer
"Grenzboten",
"Deutsches
Museum", Gutzkows
"Unterhaltungsblätter",
Berliner
mehrerer
Tagesblatter
und auswärtigen
u. s. w. heben
Beurtheilung
wir aus einer detaillirten
Jung in der Ostpreussischen
von Alexander
Zeitung
Folgendes
hervor:
"In der mannigfaltigsten
Weise wird unser
Interesse
in Hinblick
angeregt
auf grossNaturscenen
artige
und einen Menschenverkehr,
der Fahrt
wie ihn die beiden Glanzpunkte
London und Edinburg
darbieten;
auf Religion,
Wissenschaft,
Kunst,
Technik,
Industrie,
mit
trefflichen,
historischen
in die
Durchsichten
Vergangenheit.
Darstellungen
Manche dieser
werden zu Gemälden, die uns im frischesten
Colorit,
das
in wirklichkeitsgetreuem
Lichte
Erlebte
Auch
noch einmal schauen lassen.
überall
sich der Verfasser
zeigt
als ein
denkender Beobachter,
der zu grossem Gewinn
Studien
in der Philosophie
gemacht hat, der
daher auch in Sachen der Kunst sein eignes
Urtheil
in
hat und uns nicht
reifes
selten
tief
Critiken
motivirten
mit ganz neuen
Gesichtspunkten
höchst dankenswerth
bereichert.
Jeder,
der das vorliegende
Reisehandbuch
liest,
wird sich für eine Reise in die
Länder aufs
Beste vorbereitet
geschilderten
haben. "
Auch in Sammlungen
von Musterdarstellungen
der Länderim Gebiet
und Völkerkunde,
unter
Geographischen
Characterin W. Grubels
andern
Auflage.
1858 haben
Siebente
bildern.
"Veber
den Tunnel
Capitel:
einzelne
und die
in Feuilletons:
Londoner
Docks",
sowie
"Veber
die
Londoner
italienische
Oper,
den
160.
Surrey Zoological-Garden
und andere
der britischen
Industrie-Unternehmungen
Aufnahme gefunden.
Hauptstadt"
(Ibid. )
books
text
tional
As to more about
was a geographer,
designed
were specifically
he was possibly
establishments,
educational
little
.
family,
therefore,
von Kalckstein,
Moritz
information
family
Kalckstein
the
be found
to
use in'the
for
in
also
the
fact
Deutsche
Biographie
service.
military
is
was a Prussian
it
that
many of whose members had been military
military
he came, there
from which
beyond
whose educa-
The Neue
men.
reads:
Ende 13. Jh. im
ist
Das Geschlecht
seit
15. Jh. auch im Kr.
Ermland,
seit Mitte
Preuss.,
Eylau nachweisbar,
eine Linie
wurde polonisiert.
(NDB, vol. XI, p. 53)
von Kalckstein
Moritz
the
family.
the
Neues Preussisches
Leipzig,
The spelling
1836 -7,
Kalkstein"
branches
It
Adels-
is
of
course
decades
three
of
that
possible
following
von Kalckstein,
Reichenbach,
Gebr.
the
may have been closely
who presumably
was born
the
century:
nineteenth
of little
is
spelling
connected
some time
in
Ein Major v. K. ist noch in der Gegenwart
Cie.
1837
in Breslau
als Rendant bei dem
Ein Sohn von
Montirungsdepot
angestellt.
ihm ist
der Lieutenant
v. K. im 18.
K.,
Capitain
Infanterieregiment.
Ein
v.
ist,
der dem L. Infant.
Regiment aggregirt
Kreuz
erwarb sich bei Danzig das eiserne
2. Klasse.
(Neues Preussisches
Adels-Lexicon,
Moritz
von Kalckstein's
to an entry
in
und Deutscher
p.
57):
that
(Carl,
the
in
born
Königsberg,
list
Nekrolog
a Walter
year
to:
more commonly referred
(4 vols.,
Lexicon
of
3, pp.
vol.
and the
significance
first
is
'Kalkstein'
bcanch
Prussian
the
"Die Herren von
59 - 62), includes
Prussia,
families'in
and names them one of the oldest
(Bohemia) and in
of which were to be found in the Lausitz
Poland.
Moritz
came from
evidently
is
connection
a Prussian
his
63rd
year.
whose works
were
published
in
National
entered
also
could
the
vol. iii,
p.
be related
Jahrbuch
of deaths for 1903 in Biographisches
(Verlag
Berlin,
8,
von Georg Reimer,
vol.
von Kalckstein,
Königsberg
1845),
military
to
in
the
Union
General
Another
in
Major,
died
von Kalckstein
Leipzig
Catalog(vol.
and
288).
62).
161.
One thing
is
Kalkstein,
certain,
are
namely
Georg Olms Verlag,
lists
both
in
the
East
both
(A.
as an ancient
family
and West Prussia,
which
Schlesien
Lausitz,
Prussian
New York,
Hildesheim,
names together
of
the
Adels-Lexicon
Deutsches
1973,
Kaickstein
spellings,
with
names much connected
The Neues Allgemeines
nobility
both
that
and Poland
military.
H. Kneschke,
vol. V, pp.
belonging
4to
5)
the
owned estates
also
and bore
and
various
additional
surnames.
Kalckstein
travelled
from
and then
in
took
Edinburgh
on 20th
Berlin
in
and arriving
July,
Loch Katrina
the
train
next
day.
reaching
on 5th.
up the West coast
He left
Glasgow
for
the
Berwick.
After
by night,
arriving
Ostende
London
via
Carlisle,
day,
at
London,
East
15th
till
Trossachs
having
toured
to
he returned
coast
he crossed
7 p. m. on 25th
July.
July
arriving
and the
following
down the
two more days in
in
in
Stirling
having
Hamburg on 2nd July
From Edinburgh
travelling
1852,
July,
from
sailing
He stayed
and Loch Lomond.
on 22nd July,
on 16th
Scotland
to Hamburg,
London
London
travelled'alone.
in
arrived
through
the
Channel
He
162.
ULLRICH
Titus
Ullrich
a farmer
son of
moved to
the
father,
Habelschwerdt,
to
area
Gymnasium in
philosophy
first
Shy and retiring
the
life,
a
Catholic
studies
Berlin
to
his
throughout
was this
university
moving
her
He received
attended
the
had
that
and it
tuition.
Breslau,
1813,
mother
was here
lived,
and from1825
at
His
it
since
In 1832 he began his
and philology
assiduous
war,
his
upbringing
Glatz.
year.
Glatz.
Bürgermeister,
who gave Ullrich
Catholic
strictly
on 22nd August,
near
the
escape
Habelschwerdt
the
grandfather
ing
in
Schlesien
in
was born
of
follow-
the
he was an
student:
Philosophie
und Alterthumswissenschaften
fesselten
den feinen,
schier
unmerklich
Geist des unteraber stetig
arbeitenden
Studenten
setzten,
schmächtigen
...
(ADS, vol.
XXXIX, p. 201)
Ullrich
dashed
all
forced
to
extreme
hopes
devoting
of
modesty
his
of
closely
leader,
prominent
member of
"RUtli".
and poets,
founded
Bauer
Italy,
amongst
visit
that
the
the
His
Reise-
for
the
many of
he stayed
many critics
he toured
Scotland,
most part
the
some years
years
vol. XXXIX,
for
and journalists,
Art
in
visit.
in
in
the
particular
An edited
for
the
newly
a
critic,
Unvoreingenommenheit
In
and in
Berlin
He
writers
aspiring
1854 he travelled
1857,
he was
included,
Fontane
England
instalments
sketches
his
to
1848.
and literary
Exhibition.
returning
Berlin's
in particular
with
48
and was also a
p. 202).
some time,
in
up to
Max Stirner,
und Liebe,
the
Despite
place
leading
theatre
Lust
aus Italien,
Italian
after
he had his
he was
research,
keep.
his
death
father's
to academic
earn
and with
Manchester
Studien
his
'Jung-Hegelianer',
viel
(DB,
great
to
as art,
"mit
out
where
life
Since
one of the literary
clubs of
49
From 1848 Ullrich
worked
und Gründlichkeit"
to
his
the
the
'Nationalzeitung'
he carried
1836.
character,
with
Bruno
in
tutor
during
society
associated
their
doctorate
become a house
intellectual
job
his
gained
It
was from
via
Belgium
und Schottland
'Nationalzeitung',
were
version
in
fact
of
the
to
Manchester
and France.
appeared
though
written
Reise-Studien
163.
in 1893, edited
by Dr.
was published
posthumously
(Berlin,
Allgemeiner
Verein für deutsche Litteratur),
Aufsätze
Kritische
1894.
In the
together
they
vacations
in
Uber Kunst,
late
1850's
the
In 1860 Ullrich
Berlin,
constant
significant
in
hand-written,
mostly
used his
authority
and modest
theatre
remained
regards
Ullrich's
It
of
his
choice
which
of
for
were
with
the
the
veto,
the
result
most part
own creative
a
these
years
and is
over
8,000
works,
him.
He never
the
true
service
in
unacknowledged
work,
actors
he played
and remained
that
both
with
and read
to
retirement,
As Intendanzsek-
stage,
during
submitted
his, writings.
his
alike;
plays
summer
der königlichen
until
1887.
July,
examined
and power of
nature,
he'held
and aspiring
to have painstakingly
reputed
fair
the
bei
with
contact
established
part
and Dramaturg
in
and
spending
to edit
on Ist
and playwrights,
Ribbeck
She was later
a post
Intendanturrath,
he was in
retär
in
followed
Emilie
and happy marriage,
was made Sekretär
Genes
and
und Theater
married
Alps.
Bavarian
Generalintendantur
as Geheimer
Ullrich
a long
enjoyed
Literatur
Rudolph
mis-
to his
he did
public.
publisher
accepted
the
though
first
long
he had had to wait
work,
a didactic
epic
before
poem entitled
'Das Hohe Lied':
Es war "Das hohe Lied",
welches 1845 im
Druck erschien
und in welchem philosophischEpos ganz und gar die Zeit des
poetischen
Freiheitsdranges
ersten
und der Gährung der
Gemüther in den vierziger
Jahren im höchPathos sich ausspricht.
sten dichterischen
folgte
Drei Jahre später
dieser
Dichtung
sein zweites
grosses Epos "Victor",
aber
die revolutionäre
Dichtung
wurde von der
darauf ausbrechenden
Revolution
gleich
überstürzt
selbst
und hinweggespült.
(Ibid)
The earlier
work
enjoyed
some success
As
Genee writes:
Als der bescheidene
und ausgzeichnete
Mann in seinem 79.
Lebensjahre
starb
Kreisen
des
wusste man in den grösseren
Publikums
gebildeten
nicht
mehr viel
Bedeutung als
von seiner
einstigen
Dichter
und Kunst-Aesthetiker
(Genes, 'Vorwort',
p. vii)
the 1840's that Ullrich
had first
was during
published
own compositions,
the
and earned
Ullrich
a few
some
a
164.
genuine
admirers.
As for
the
to
of
spirit
Vormärz
Mundt,
Theodor
on the
Menzel
Wolfgang
in
one hand,
An appraisal
contemporary
Schütze,
radical
the
enough of
critics
such as
and condemned by the reactionary
camp,
(see ADB, vol.
XXXIX,
on the other
is
two works
the
of
was imbued with
by the
be praised
particular,
202).
p.
it
Victor,
the
who calls
to
be found
"ein
author
in
the
gedankenreicher
Dichter":
Während das erstere
den Gottmenschen,
und
des
zwar als die dauernde Erscheinung
im Menschlichen
in erhabenen
Göttlichen
feierlichen
Hymnen besingt,
so nimmt das
letztere
Zustände zum
die vormärzlichen
die Gedanken im Sturmschritt
Thema und lässt
der Freiheit
vorüberziehen.
(Schütze,
p. 459)
Only on vacation
poetry
and later
in
1848 and shortly
after
have written
his
did
retirement
his
before
death
Ullrich
he is
to
return
recorded
to
to a friend:
Ein grosser
für mich war immer
Uebelstand
der, dass ich alle
diese Versa nur nebenher
machen und ihnen fast niemals meine ganze
Stimmung widmen. konnte.
Ich
unbehinderte
traue mir bei aller
Bescheidenheit
zu, dass
ich unter freien,
Verhältauskömmlichen
hätte,
nissen ganz Anderes geleistet
und
dass mir nicht
die Zeit der vollsten
Kraft
von 1852 bis 1868 verloren
gegangen wäre.
Eine trübe Erkenntnisse
(Quoted in ADS,, vol.
XXXIX, p. 203)
It
was at
this
time
he had written
since
G. Schenck,
1890).
1893 in
monthly
17th
the
December,
In the
England
it
of
topical
the
edited
work
fine
style:
under
Further
'Nord
finally
the
publish
title
poems were published
Ullrich
1891 and was survived
by his
omit
to Ullrich's
interest;
forms
the
that
material
nonetheless,
a complete
whole,
the
poems
(Berlin,
in
posthumously
in
died
Berlin
on
wife.
aus Italien,
Reise-Studien
Gen6e writes
some of
some of
Dichtungen
und Süd'.
'Vorwort'
to
he did
1868,
und Schottland,
necessary
longer
that
he had felt
as editor
available
he is
thanks
Wenn seine Schilderungen
aus Italien,
Früchte
Reise im Jahre 1854,
seiner
which
confident
to
the
was no
that
author's
die
sowohl
165.
durch seine feine Beobachtungsgabe
wie
durch die schöne Vortragsweise,
in den
Schilderungen
höchst anschaulichen
des
Landschaftlichen,
wie in den Kunsturtheilen,
einen hohen Reiz haben und dauernden Werth
beanspruchen
dürfen,
so hatte er in seinen
über die epochemachende klassische
Berichten
1857 seine
Kunstausstellung
in Manchester
Kenntnisse
der klassischen
ausserordentlichen
Malerschulen
können,
darthun
so überzeugend
dass diese in der Nationalzeitung
erschienenen
Berichte
damals ein gewisses Aufsehen machten.
(Genee, 'Vorwort',
p. ix)
Of the
Scottish
tour,
Genee goes on to say:
Wenn in den italienischen
Studien
neben der
Schilderung
der landschaftso anschaulichen
lichen
Reize immer auch der Kunstästhetiker
das Wort hat, so tritt
in dem Ausflugs
nach
Schottland
daneben besonders
das Interesse
für die an das Landschaftliche
sich knUpfenden historischen
in den
Rückblicke
Vordergrund,
die grossen
während er zugleich
Dichter
des Landes, Ossian, Walter
Scott
und Robert Burns durch die Landschaft
selbst
Es ist
die
wieder lebendig
werden lässt.
Bildung
Ullrichs,
*welche durch
universale
die Verbindung
des bloss beschreibenden
Theils
mit jenen Reflexen
auf Geschichte
und Dichtung
eine Harmonie in der Gesammtdarstellung
die diesen Studien
erreicht,
ihren
hohen künstlerischen
Werth verleiht.
(Ibid,
p. x)
Ullrich
the
Art
Manchester
Lake District
Bowling,
the
Inverarnan.
returning
to
he took
on next
day in
to
England.
the
coach
the
late
a primitive
to Stirling,
on to Edinburgh,
in
travel
Having
to
Having
toured
William
on again
and Iona,
by the
Tarbet
the
from
up to Aberchalder,
to Taynuilt,
he travelled
through
Fort
to
steamer
to
visited
by steamer
morning
Staffa
open coach
and Loch Katrine.
train
the
afternoon
stopping
by train
by coach
From Oban he visited
From Inveraray
Inversnaid
he caught
in
having
Loch Lomond.
for
From Banavie
to Oban.
regular
train
he continued
steamer
Inveraray.
the
on next
steamer,
Corpach
1857,
mid-July
He travelled
moving
he caught
on the
in
Exhibition.
to Glasgow,
where
loch
in Scotland
arrived
travelling
Dalmally
far
from where
and
more satisfactory
and crossing
seen the
by
Trossachs
he returned
Loch Lomond
and Stirling,
by rail
to
166.
AND
LEPEL
FONTANE
LEPEL
a)
who had been in
father,
His
von Lepel
Freiherr
Bernhard
Wars,
Hanoverian
Meppen on 27th
in
was born
during
service
military
May, 1818.50
the
1813 -15,51
but who came originally
from
Pomerania,
in 1819 and bought an estate
from active
service
resigned
(vividly
the
island
Rügen
evoked by Fontane in the dedication
on
of
Napoleonic
Jenseit
of
four
from
des Tweed).
in
and was put
in
Italy.
Lepel
the
On the
to Rome, where
Friedrich
Wilhelm
in
It
in
in
Twice
his
Züllichau.
as lieutenant
to
attempted
brother,
had lived
since
1816,
brother,
Italy
1833.
At
the
the
that
the
alleviate
Tunnel
1840,
that
he met Theodor
1839 he joined
friendship,
über
as that
of
and mentor,
Begleiter
seiner
Jugend werden
In 1840 Lapel
Italian
second
in
Berlin,
which
were to
Fontane
journey
he worked
calls
appear
this
the
to
once
he had moved
Padagogium
the
army and was to
'Berliner
der
Spree',
visited
his
effect
aunt
in
he acted
Rome52
on him and his
"seine
on
Der frühe
anti-Roman-Catholic
(Berlin,
Rom
Duncker,
aus
1844 - 46,
time
as
und treueste
poems of
as Lieder
period,
more importantly
English
after
and member of
officer
der wichtigste
(Nürnberger,
sollte"
had a great
on the
but
the
was shortly
From this
a military
pursuits.
artistic
Sonntagsverein',
and it
Fontane.
serve
He
through
"der
critic
91).
with
desire,
where
he was sent
the
to Fontane,
was vital
a friendly
p.
had on him
this
Berlin,
exile
to become an
preoccupation
fulfil
drudgery
'Der
nobility,
home to
accompanied
to his
Italy
lasting
military
club,
the
where
Kaiser-Franz-Garde-Grenadier-Regiment.
literary
Lepel's
desire
18 he joined
December,
in
Lapel's
As a result
age of
having
Heinrich,
1835 in
in
On let
this,
was
Generalmajor
Prince
deep influence
away from
and then
in
in
older
to Fontane's
he ran
1832,
father
Stralsund,
moved to
father's
and the
compared
Mannheim in
with
in
roused,
can be directly
Scotland.
his
III's
was here
was first
artist
father
his
while
pastor
they
when he was only
mother
1825 -6.
1827 they moved again
In
his father
on
year Lepel accompanied
von Lepel,
Wilhelm
Italy.
a country
return
following
a journey
Friedrich
his
Gymnasium for
to Mannheim and the
King
of
care
latter's
the
attended
lost
Bernhard
glücklichste
Fontane,
and this
work.
sentiment
1846);
Zeit"
Back
167.
(Von Zwanzig
bis
Kriegsakademie,
leave,
but
Sicily
in Sorrento.
first
friend
latter,
53
the
of
Atkins.
Douglas
less
interesting
the
sad mistake
in
ended in
divorce.
poets
this
failure.
Scots
MacPherson.
in
hoped
both
which
Having
from
Lapel
Lady of
'The
in
served
the
poetry
99).
namely
the
Schloss
arrived
Emilie
to
Lake'
with
improve
their
the
to
tour,
Danish
to live
on his
Apart
Bellevue.
later
spring
with
he also
and Miss
Arthur
had met
in
year
his
of
of
were all
and Lapel
in
the
of
1848,
plans
other's
Lapel
father's
two spells
to
Berlin
an exercise
now deceased
from
and
year)
that
Miss
Mac F. I.
start
inevitability
that
proficiency
the
that
fact
Fontana55
'Miss
War in
to
through
language.
resigned
estate
of renewed
1850 - 51 and 1866, he devoted his time to writing
(1834
He remarried
in 1873, Anna von Heydebreck
and drama.
He was to serve in Berlin
in the offices
of the Landwehrbezirksservice,
in
commando and became Hauptmann
Prenzlau,
Berlin,
wrote
army and went
by Kdpenick,
active
in
floh the
von
preoccupation
the
the
of
Hedwig
inclinations
artistic
can be drawn to
ladies
Scottish
German.
read
Lapel's
the
account
cousin,
Berlin
of
with
for
by his
continuing
as indicative
tells
love
young
in
Susan
receptive
was unsuccessful
appearance
girls,
a Scottish
Fontane
The two young women, whom Fontane
1858 on their
learn
Although
attention
knew two other
his
they
British
second
unfulfilled
saw Lepel's
and Platen
and the
contrasted
marrying
Brown's
Fontane
Italy,
is
The marriage
by Miss
Herwegh
54
to
geared
made in
1847.
October
it
but
furthermore,
and,
Dreissig
bis
Lepel's
of
Brown,
Lapel
helped
tale
aunt,
and intelligently
vivacious
In Von Zwanzig
Miss
(and not
the
the
and stayed
Frances Agnew,
by two young
Brown,
Miss
aunt,
and humour the
affection
Lapel,
his
of
journey
They visited
was buried
on Lapel
Sicilian
Italy.
of his
heritage
influence
in
aunt
Platen,
idol,
poetic
on the
a niece
his
once more with
The British
were accompanied
the
the
have been without
cannot
284).
p.
Lapel's
where
also
in
he spent
which
From 1844 he had attended
the
autumn of 1846 he was granted
six months'
Dreissig,
where
a.
D. ' on 17th
the
'Vossische
he moved in
May, 1885.
56
Zeitung'.
der
Provinzial-Invalidencompagnie
1879.
He died
in
Theodor
Fontane
wrote
Prenzlau
his
in
as 'Major
obituary
for
168.
The most complete
in
Fontana's
'Tunnel'
portrait
section
two friends'
how in
many respects
had an artistic
die
wie
er hatte
Ganzen liess
in
poetry
to
Hertz);
it
To another
before
contemporary
this.
Scottish
topical
poem,
Fontana's
was too
'Jessie
Brown',
indignation
was fierce
a mere Jessie
ordinary;
conception
Fontane
incensed
"das
of
demanded of
a ballad
ship
survived
Lepel's
feinsten
Art,
Lapel's
life
glückliches,
his
the
true
war ein
wirklicher
Fontane
zwar interessantes
im ganzen
aber
doch ein
age of
talents
30 he had had neither
-
"ein
verbindliches
poetry
the
and Fontane,
the
them that
their
evidently
enjoyed
verstanden
oder
meist gar nicht
(Ibid,
Yet Fontane
p. 274).
wird"
"ein
the
demand indicates
Humorist,
had been
heroine
Fontana 's idealised
of
she lacked
of
of
1859.61
Lepel's
die
missverstanden
since
"Er
company:
in
reading
in
genuine:
both
with
material
dilettante,
of
admitted
can be detected
and this
Above all,
gulf.
have surely
ballad
Brown instead
figure,
true
this
but
paled
poetry
'Tunnel'
the
Mädchen von Lucknow",
between Lepel,
the enthusiastic
62
It is to the credit
poet.
gulf
in
was happy
59
writing.
himself
to Lapel's
reaction
in
His
600 copies.
was still
contemporary)
his
of
des
appeared
would
to
ganz
Gedichte
Lapel's
himself
Kraft,
Ubrig"
Lapel
attitude
(albeit
matter
account
in
he
Kompositions-
der Aufbau
and Fontane
however,
Lapel
but
difference
subject
Fontana's
60
but
zu wünschen
to
ran
while
reviewer,
own,
Their
1865,
in
and
was no
this,
rechtes
aber
Lapel's
circles
Lapel
und auch die
allerlei
edition
certain
favourably
Fontana's
sole
kein
zu bilden,
279).
p.
the
in
was admired
review
his
Dreissig,
friendship
was undeniable:
hatte
Fällen
the
The latter
to recognise
Ehrgeiz
im einzelnen
den meisten
(Von Zwanz ig^bis
1866 (Berlin,
Tunnelianer,
in
secondly,
1940.57
inconsistent;
den dichterischen
Strophen
vorzügliche
and,
firstly
the
of
Lapel's
58
mentor.
was quick
if
eight
valued
as his
acted
which,
meisten
in
published
Lapel
flair.
chapter
Dreissig,
young Fontane
the
Fontane,
comes via
in
bis
and Fontane-himself
poet
talent;
Von Zwanzig
correspondence,
how highly
"Lapel,
friend
his
of
of
reveals
great
of Lapel
picture
verfehltes"
profession
friend-
von jener
wohl
gar
also
felt
that
und zeitweilig
auch
(Ibid,
p. 288);
nor
und doch zugleich
vocation,
dezidiertes
and
169.
Auftreten,
Stattlichkeit
Wohlwollen,
Erzähler-
allem
die
ren"
(Ibid,
of
his
Gabe,
of
Sprachkenntnis
und Rednergabe,
289)
however,
character,
picture
Scottish
would
for
prepared
Scotland
und vor
mit Kunst und Geschmack zu inszenieKnowledge of this
had been wasted.
side
aids
in
greatly
journey
of
tour,
the
he is
meant so much,
have preferred
yet
the
forming
1858.
in
for
in
at
to
willing
for
very
evidently
land
to
gefährten
Jenseit
Bernhard
Lapel's
expressed
30th
in
dimension
July,
agreeable
fine
1859 it
to
an edition
the
of
to
forget
never
"seinem
as guide
role
lieben
he
that
Salzbrunn:
Briefwechsel,
materialised,
his
enjoy
in
vacation
was no mere whim which
des Tweed to
Lepel
in
Scot-
Fontane
prompted
Freunde
but
to
und Reise-
von Lepel".
interpretation
landscape
in
included
successfully
valuable
It
own artistic
in
Zeitung'
Fontane
allowed
full.
the
dedicate
'Spenersche
to whom
Fontane,
komm' ich fast als Jungfrau
Jetzt
nach
Schottland,
ich
denn
weiss von gar
Seite
ich
Deiner
werd
nichts;
aber
an
hoffentlich
bald mein Kranzlein
verlieren;
indess nicht
um ein anderes
dafür zu gewinnen.
Die Sachen, wie
sehr sie mich interessiren
werden,
liegen
als das ich
mir doch zu fern,
Ich
mir dort was herholen
sollte.
Gehege kommen, u. das
würde Dir in's
ich nicht.
Mit Dir auf die Jagd
will
Dir
gehn und sehn welch ein Wildpret
in den Schuss kommt, das soll
mein
Wirft
die Sache für
Vergnügen sein.
ab, so mag
mich ein Paar Reise-Briefe
as sein u. Irus (63) hat mir die
Spalten
Spenerschen
schon zu öffnen
versprochen.
(Lepel to Fontane,
end July 1858. F/L
2, p. 228)
vol.
The letters
letter
last
In no way does
sake of
proposed
Lapel's
which
the
London.
the
more than
originally
an accurate
The way in
hinted
to Fontane is
company was so valuable
Lapel wrote before
joining
his friend
he feel
Klugheit,
natürliche
Festlichkeiten
p.
the
Erscheinung,
der
sketches,
editions
to Fontana's
is
idea
clear
that
Fontana's
that
his
of
of
some of
Jenseit
himself
illustrations
Scottish
Scottish
which
letters.
visit,
have been
des Tweed,
From a letter
work.
Lepel
the
add a
dated
was more than
should
be included
In his
next
letter,
170,
however,
he reveals
von Rohr's,
to suggest
and that
it,
that
without
fearing
inappropriate.
proposal
the
that
idea
had not
her
prompting
been his,
he would
himself
Fontane
Now, having
but
heard
would
Mathilde
have hesitated
have found
Fontane's
the
reaction,
he
continues:
The fact
indeed
wrote
Habe mich aber geirrt.
Recht hast Du,
dass man erst die Hohe Erlaubniss
haben
' Wenn die Sache bis
muss.
zu meiner
Rückkehr Zeit hat u. Du nicht
vorher
(ohne
Illustration)
Verleger
schon einen
so besprechen
wir es
gefunden hast,
Die Illustrationen
später.
müssten in
Holzschnitten
im Text bestehn.
Das
"Macbeth-Land"
ist ein vortrefflicher
Titel:
(Lepel to Fontane,
628. B. 1859.
Ibid,
that
sketches,
Lapel
attached
was genuinely
to their
subject
matter,
to Emilie
Fontane
after
is
his
evident
return
to his
from
p. 262)
a letter
and
which
he
to Berlin:
Ich habe übrigens
noch immer mit der
Reise zu thun,
englischen
obwohl ich
darüber
Dagegen
nicht
schreibe.
(leider
länger,
beschäftigen
als
mich
ich wünschte)
die Zeichnungen.
Die
Skizzen,
die ich dort in wenig Zeit,
in 5. - 10 Minuten,
mitunter
zeichnete,,
beschäftigen
tagelang.
Der
mich jetzt
Loch Catrine
hat früher
schon zu einem
Albumblatt
für meine Cousine
artigen
Rodbartus
die mehr Englisch
gedient,
weiss,
als ich, u, die Lady of the lake
Jetzt
hab' ich ein
sehr gut kennt.
Album von 12 Blättern,
kleines
deren
habe, für eine Dame
ich acht fertig
Wenn die Sachen
zusammengestellt.
sind,
gezeichnet
als es
etwas sauberer
in meinem Skizzenbuch
war, so
möglich
Ich
machen sie sich schon besser.
mögte. gern noch einmal nach Schottland,
Album
100
von
wenigstens
um ein grosses
Blättern
u. glaube,
zusammen zu zeichnen
dass man am Ende auf die Kosten käme,
Theo sollte
wenn man es herausgäbe.
einen
mir nur in London oder Edinburg
Verleger
Ich habe
dafür verschaffen.
dergleichen
nichts
gesehen, u. die
Ansichten
im Black sind alle
gewissenlos, während ich sehr treu bin, was
doch erst Interesse
Blättern
solchen
verleiht.
(Lepel
to Emilie,
4.11.1858.
Ibid,
p. 242)
171.
The last
point
interpretation
sketches
cannot
trations
in
debatable,
of
the
hallmark
the
schönsten
in
Schweiz,
letter
It
meinem Leben,
Frankreich,
to Mathilde
Eight
5.
Holy-Rood
and 8.
this
of
thirty
of
album remained
album was,
predict-
Fontane
that
gift
die
Lepel
was to pass the
sketches
was to
as "eine
previously
years
jedenfalls
Scottish
der
als
poetischer
(Fontane,
sah"
poetischste,
was ich später
64
Surely
Lepel
pictures
Jenseits
played
a
sketches
Leipzig,
in
are:
Edinburg':
'Zimmer
2.
'Staffa':
6.
(zur
M. Stuart)';
'Das Castell
der
3.
Leipzig,
M. Stuart
Königin
'Ruine
des Schlosses
Palace,
Holy-Rood
(vom Castell
'Edinburgh
im
'Ben Nevis';
4.
Linken:
7.
Schulze,
also
M. Stuart';
'Edinburg
an Bernhard
Erinnerungen
1934;
1.
der Königin
separately
were published
des Tweed.
& Breslauer,
Katrine';
The life
aus)'
von Edinburg'.
and career
and discussed
here
at
to mention
to Scotland
critical
a select
and the
Theodor
travel
on the
as an essential
It
have been documented
is
life
subject
of
of
the
towards
to
book from
link
of
relevance
provide
course
of
'Fontane
the
reception
his
of
ballad
his
of
des Tweed in
have
critics
perspective
between
a review
and Scotland'
Jenseit
hitherto
pertain
such an approach
contemporary
putting
account;
only
and work which
and also
In the
a review
contributes
his
visit
to date.
on the
to concentrate
of
Fontane
65
elsewhere.
Scottish
as a Scottish
works,
of
aspects
research
writings
place
complete
those
In addition,
Scottish
tended
length
bibliography
emerges.
its
death,
unmistak-
viewpoint.
above mentioned
his
illus-
FONTANE
b)
the
personal
his
Lepel's
this.
der Königin
Residenz
is
16.5.1888).
Geburtsort
'Loch
effect
von Rohr,
title
The eight
Linlithgow.
hazy "wash"
und alles,
Lepel's
of
1934 under the
(Richter
Lepel
von
1943).
the
Italien
in
part
in
Palast
journey
treu".
than
and the
after
personal
to life"
of
was on receipt
Scottish
considerable
their
and a product
von Rohr who,
on to Fontane.
of
but
on the
and "sehr
The "Dame" to whom he gave the
Mathilde
write
"gewissenlos"
Scotland
unsupplemented.
ably,
dependent
to be more "true
Guide,
to revisit
was never
or at least
phrases
be said
Black's
a Lepel
ably
is
of
Fontana's
writing
and
172,
journalism
one hand and the Wanderungen
on the
Brandenburg
and his
A brief
Scottish
background
to
was born Henri
and was the
(nee Labry,
Scottish
the
life,
Theodor
son of
influences
Henri
Fontane
(1796
From 1833 he attended
year.
1836 until
from
father's
profession
Klasse"
erster
began to publish
attended
1847.
literary
of
it
The following
was at
this
time,
he began work
that
true
in
and from April
of-1843
a volunteer
leave
in
Lepel's
to accompany
25th
from
May to
10th
duced him as a guest
Spree',
and on 29th
June.
to
the
of
time
in
club,
1844 Fontane
worker
the
autumn
as
he was given
1843 Lapel
'Der
months;
service
on a two week holiday
July,
'Herwegh-
sympathies,
military
which
the
the
at
several
Leipzig
year
during
On 30th
September,
and
English
contemporary
his
literary
for
Dresden
he
that
Figaro'
pre-Revolution
of
friend
his
Berlin
member of
He left
regiment,
a school
in
liberal
1844 served
in
He moved on to Leipzig
he worked
on the writings
in
'Berliner
the
and
as "Apotheker
1830's
the
a
Berlin
apprenticeship
he was to qualify
and 'Anti-Corniaw-Rhymers'.
poets
his
become an active
to his
in
In
and in
Gymnasium for
the
Gewerbeschule
clubs.
year
Swinemünde,
of
to attend
was during
end of March 1841 and was to
Klub'.
port
poems and ballads
meetings
Neuruppin
Baltic
Klöden's
It
1819 in
He
French
as pharmacist;
in
the
of
1867)
Emilie
and
Huguenot. extraction.
end of 1839 served
the
years
by Fontane.
experienced
December,
to Neuruppin
returned
as a reminder
on 30th
1797 - 1869), both of
June 1827 the family
moved to the
1832 Fontane
serves
Fontane
Louis
Mark
on the
concentrating
1858,
of
visit
die
other.
of Fontana's
outline
the
preceding
on the
novels
durch
to
England,
had introüber
Tunnel
was accepted
der
as a
he became engaged to Emilie
over a year later
Rouanet-Kummer (1824 - 1902), whom he had met in Berlin
as early
as
1835.
in 1850.
He gave up his career
in pharmacy
They married
in 1849 and from then on worked as a full
time writer
and journalist;
this was to prove an endless struggle,
both financially
and morally.
member.
A little
In November 1851,
a post
as Lektor
thanks
for
the
to Wilhelm
von Merckel,
who'had
Manteuffel
administration
the
Fontane
Pruss$n
government
in
für
and the
next
were
was engaged by the
Presseangelegenheiten'
years
the
him
secured
previous
year,
'Centralstelle
stamped
by the
173,
restrictions
(Adler)
'Preussischepublished,
his
of
he worked
ballad
It
London.
to
English
social
liberal
Prussian
Fontane
in
personally,
Manteuffel
the
Fontana's
journalistic
in
level;
and at
for
different
three
the
that
Art
Scotland
hard
which
tion
Berlin
Hotel
of
Britain;
schottische
the
to
in
in
August
life
in
London
for
for
the'Deutsch-Englische
Mitarbeiter"
to
this
On 15th
on the
One year
on
report
journey
the
to
from
an escape
relief,
1859 Fontane
January,
(the
Wanderungen
later,
was in
visited
1857 to
background,
1858 was welcome
it
that
note
in
Manchester
London.
,
him some measure
who had by then
Waagen,
Zeit'
'Die
afforded
to
of
part
to a reason-
was raised
last
at
of
1857.
July
'Kreuz-Zeitung',
against
1862).
worked.
press.
from
up working
since
first
Wednesday
every
volume
from
lectures
the ten British
he delivered
67
1860 and 1861 saw the publicaden Linden.
14th
unter
last
Set
and the
interesting
and began work
appeared
January
Arnims
of
reality
to
returned
11th
Lepel
with
is
travelled
Fontane
66)
Exhibition.
Scotland,
the
(It
to
on a series
him in
salary
This
Friedrich
Gustav
company of
the
papers,
to
Even the
him.
sympathetic
and again
the
German
access
1857 he became a "freier
end of
leeway.
professional
of
the
Zeitung'.
'Vossische
and the
of
very
Fontana's
1856 he gave
March
Korrespondenz'
1856
large
while
to
sent
as a press
the
concentrated
with
was only
in 1857. that
was-only
time;
found
theatre
art,
to March
January
from
time,
able
family
Fontana's
Moreover,
It
on British
his
much of
whom Fontane
for
were
year
him professionally,
assist
authorities
energies
and reports
articles
to
the
he was again
though
von Bunsen,
was unable
1855
closed
he
and that
which
and lonely
seemed equally
ambassador,
in
and unwelcoming,
wary
Berlin
1854 was also
Douglas',
Fontane
to
the
of
to
return
London.
September
an unhappy
London
his
'Argo',
government,
circles
he opposed
the
appeared.
In
was mostly
community
emigre
journal
an unpopular
of
attache
the
From April
correspondent
'Archibald
ballad
on co-editing
on the
work
-Zeitung'.
1854, Ein Sommer in
famous
most
as the
After
July
in
London
in
1852 he worked
September
year
on him as a journalist.
imposed
this
of
Aus England
Hochland
March,
the
works
pertaining
and Jenseit
und seine
directly
to
des Tweed and the
Bewohner',
appeared
his
time
lecture,
in
in
'Das
1860 as did
in
174,
the
collection
alten
englischen
lecture
the
'Shakespeare-Rede'
'Oxford
'Tunnel'
'Kreuz-Zeitung'
for
the
Shakespeare
the
poem 'Die
year
of his
BrUck'
death,
can be made to
stages
various
Berlin
AND
FONTANE
Scotland
relations
however,
Britain,
the
finally
'reference
at
compiled
1884.68
died
Fontane
life.
his
early
between
sharp
in
position
any study
the
of
views
his
and historical
caught
to his
from
markedly,
in
place
his
since
same throughout
enthusiasm
ambivalence,
he himself
the
in
1898.
an interesting
occupies
changed
liberal
and 1898,
SCOTLAND
with
essentially
1880
in
Finally,
which
1850 to
from
September,
and Alexis,
Dreissig.
bis
vitae'
life,
for
advantageous.
very
1894 Meine Kinderjahre
'curricula
his
prove
on Scott
essays
Von Zwanzig
of
on 20th
his
am Tay',
the
his
attended
he gave up writing
was to
productions
In 1871 and 1873 he wrote
same year,
1870 - 89 he served as theatre
critic
familiarity
a post for which his earlier
and from
'Vossische-Zeitung',
English
later
years
'Die
1861,
in
the
1865 Fontane
and in
1861).
published
Universitäten'
englischen
Four
was dated
Balladen'"was
1864,
in
meeting.
the
with
und die
latter
the
und schottischen
the
last
(though
Balladen
of
country
His
criticism
England,
to
pro-Revolution
later
to his
passion
II
remained
attitude
days of
Fontana's
of
mood of
and
and open praise,
in
old
age, as revealed
especially
69
James Morris,
in which he emerges
his
correspondence
with
and often
British
commentator
on dramatically
and
changing
70
Scotland
In contrast
politics.
remained a different
Prussian
world
quoted
radical
world
for
him,
to
words
exciting,
evocative,
zu Bett
gegangen
to lose
their
Hans Hertz.
und mit
listened
the
dredger,
Kinderiahre,
Scotland
Douglas
bin
mit
stories
p.
his
father's
aufgestanden",
of Macdonald,
54),
had earned
the
old
a special
Scott
favourite
"mein
Scots
place
in
Stuart
were
Fontane
never
was
days in
novels
besonderer
engineer
much
Maria
his French forebears,
1
From the early
"Nordlandsmensch".?
when he read
(Meine
"Ich
Despite
Swinemünde,
to
Archibald
validity.
a self-confessed
and his
even escapist,
on 15.4.1891,
as an astute
Gönner"
from
Fontanes
and
the
British
imagination.
175.
Indeed,
Fontane's
can be directly
Georg Kohl
of
in
Had Fontane
with
abroad.
itself
in
himself
the
editor
Fontane
young
radical,
the
'Leeds
writes
is
of
Schottische
When, a couple
of
in
the
the
form of
on the
thoughts
tangible
Fontana's
by two Scottish
"real"
Scotland
of Scotland's
most active
years
influences,
the
at
member,
Hugo von Blomberg,
in
"das
Schottische,
p.
227),
this,
Cecile
vor
merely
Scottish
underline
queen never
significance
to
Scots
Fontane,
"discovery"
of
Percy's
Minstrelsy
of
the
fact
76
not
mind in
74
the
face
of
that
their
'Tunnel'
fellow
his
ballad
on the
Fontana's
cycle
bis
is
Mary portraits
interest
in
1848 was to be of
it
coincided
interest
special
(Von Zwanzig
Scots
because
imagination
shared
Stuart"
The year
only
his
with
Dreissig.
proof
of
in
the
immense
his
English
Poetry and Scott's
of Ancient
77
"Zwei Bücher,
die auf Jahre
Border,
Reliques
Scottish
such
member were marked
of
portrait
reflections
waned.
history.
had excited
Maria
allem
the
Abbey,
first
he writes
Gordon-Leslie's
while
of Scotland"
"piece
as a 'Tunnel'
Mary Queen of
and Fontana's
Scotland.
his
'Das
of
in
from
73
craft;
Fontane
first
romantic
In Fontane's
age.
an early
far
essay
being Maria Stuart,
over whose
75
Hampton Court,
and the second Sir
Mary Queen of
Scott.
Walter
were
Scottish
the
1860 that
in Westminster
Destiny
of
he had enthused
portrait
from
Stone
evidence
he saw his
and these
appearance
conditions
social
of
later,
years
in
Bewohner'
und seine
as
occupied
on a Highland
the
to
prior
occasion
to knowledge
admits
publicly
the
whom
Fontane
1837),
'John Prince'
beginnings
humble
only
Hochland
In
Times'.
present
he served
poets
worker
(1814
Nicoll
Robert
was to
where
1640's
early
English
the
Nicoll's
the
perhaps
In the
the
contacts
A. W. Beda,
son,
1858,
in
any,
Scotland
with
them.
around
town of
if
few,
younger
Scotland
of
writings
of
Beda's
in
72
Leith.
in
with'the
included
of
of
person
Consul
Prussian
this
Frau
was to meet again
Fontane
born
the
link
Swinemünde
A further
many stories
people
provincial
have experienced
he would
the
the
of
of Johann
by the
of
some
port,
turn
years
fascinated
lives
the
the
at
early
any inland
up in
been brought
the
with
concerned
which
Mark Brandenburg,
who had settled
boys were
both
Baltic
outward-looking
compared
Bremen:
lands
foreign
the
were Scots
of whose residents
century,
in
childhood
176.
hin
meine Richtung
"übten
and which
Besten
Bücher',
temporaries
his
his
that
for
his
Tales
him of
Guide,
their
the
for
person,
Scotland
alive.
In other
Firstly,
it
of
1858
however,
the Waverley
him,
with
in
above works)78
novels
them,
absorbed
and on
to the
79
copy.,
to remind
to keep his
the
and hoped,
it
visit
than
much that
for
negative
Prussian
Fontane
Jenseit
history,
exist)
interests
great
use to
him as potential
his
fUr
mich
years
zu machen"
1,
as,
p.
80
366).
to Britain,
which
and as such
just
"Schottland
vol.
it
significance.
as 1851 he had
return,
"farewell"
Thirdly,
as a Prussian,
to see the
"romantic"
Briefwechsel,
memory of
have visited
was of
Milchkuh
was good and bad.
in
point
view,
F/L
in
point
knew to
as early
after
can be seen as a convenient
rather
circumstances
zur
wish
not
he nonetheless
publication:
visit
turning
he need never
did
a saleable
daselbst
und meinen Aufenthalt
(Fontane to Lapel,
29.8.1851.
of
(which
stimulus
ways,
view
for
a Scottish
point
of
journalistic
planned
a turning
the
and
familiarity
have needed recourse
had brought
this
and events
Fontana's
he had truly
in
as "der erste
(Kohler,
Die
by Shakespeare
read
young
be found
characters
in
merely
undeniable
matter
Fontane
on the
was of
subject
positive
to
the
soon outgrew
-he
he expressly
and he needed no external
Secondly,
Ossians"
as portrayed
From one point
in
of
realities
Welt
describes
can be seen as a major
visit
life.
country
is
of which
Secondly,
least
Lapel
had excited
two
contents.
The Scottish
Fontana's
Ossian
Kohler
He had not
which
and other
as presented
can scarcely
visit
Black's
German
171)
p.
a Grandfather,
of
con-
Fontane
and emotions
(at
and the
Scottish
die
history,
history
above average.
of
in
and by Scott.
was far
the
which
thoughts
by Percy
Scottish
his
to
evidence
-
Fontanes
Scottish
of more recent
from
Yet one can point
while
im 'Tunnel',
concentrated
with
period
Ausflug
Macbeth,
time.
* Firstly,
Amphitheater',
Balladendichtung
was no different
can be made between
a brief
poem 'Ein
und letzte
his
of
enthusiasts.
Fontane
auf
some might say obsession
one hand and Mary Queen of Scots on the other.
As such he was a child
Scotland
Fontane
p. 163),
(Vie
mich"
preoccupation
on the
distinctions
Einfluss
den grössten
allem
p. 498).
in
Scott
with
und meinen
unter
(Ibid,
Geschmack bestimmten"
a
had brought
coincided
heralded
from
with
new personal
a literary
des Tweed can be seen as a transition
to
the
177.
Wanderungen
on the
parallels
are
Friedrich
Wilhelm
Kaiser,
perhaps
taking
the
over
entirely
not
IV led
and decision
visit,
to his
to return
to
succeeded
directly
pertaining
to
'Die
englischen
and Scotland,
In 1862,
first
the
year
from
energies
burg
1,300
into
in
fourteen
this
summer tourist
(their
Flodden.
Stirling,
having
from
travelled
there
William
Oban to catch
Edinburgh
one further
opened
mail
steamer
enjoyed
to
to Kinross.
Balladen'.
the
and Fontana's
main
Mark Branden-
native
but
supremacy,
and Lapel
at
lasted
east
there
to
up the
on by rail
again
Staffa
Glasgow.
Loch Leven,
Abbotsford
via
Before
Perth,
to
and
to
Having
visited
the
Caledonian
and Iona
travelling
Forth
see Loch Katrina
to
Inverness.
way south
they
by train,
on by steamer
the
of
to 24th
9th
Melrose,
visited
Trossachs
height
the
from
coast
over
covered
of Scotland.
tour
Loch Lomond and from
visited
England
with
political
unusual
travelled
to
last
his
as Chancellor,
on his
Scottish
In 1861,
Berlin.
of involvement
Fontane
and Oban, visited
day trip
railway
81
the
coach
made their
the
they
into
to Stirling,
by the
they
Fort
a trip
future
own.
up the
They then
the
published
was published
holiday
travelled
of
Fontana's
of
und schottischen
was not
and from
returned
Fontane
days on their
Edinburgh
took
Culloden,
to
season
Having
in
in
appointment
out,
However enterprising,
arrived
life
years
its
Drude points
kilometres
August).
a "new"
had long
Britain
was now coming
As Otto
his
Bismarck's
of
year
now on were concentrated
and Berlin;
Prussia
alten
the
throne,
the Wanderungen
of
volume
to the
illness
Wilhelm,
1858,
in
The
other.
the
Prinz
brother,
regency
on the
novels
coincidental:
when Wilhelm
work
"
one hand and the
and,
and
Canal
and returned
returning
Edinburgh
on the
to
they
newly
made
to
178,
B.
**
REVIEW
OF
THE
The importance
topic.
of so much of
his
his
recorded
and Von Zwanzig
Fontane
his
and England
thesis,
Theodor
influence
the
during
years
which
finally,
Hans-Heinrich
writings
on Britain
ungen durch
for
the
in
For present
in
thesis,
Theodor
fact
Knorr
is
it
of
Helmuth
devoted
Fontana's
of
Wandera basis
has provided
- 80),
in
may be noted
English
little
passing
criticism.
Fontane
'Theodor
study,
the
place;
Fontane.
Theodor
It
much of
concerns
compilation
(1979
subject
took
visits
to
on the
naturally
since
writer,
field
her
elaborated
(1961);
comparatively
the
purposes
Meine Kinderjahre
this
subject.
has attracted
subject
personal
first
affairs,
the
in
was the
und Schottland
interest
himself
Jolles
select
and British
England
continuing
that
Reuter's
Fontane
works,
Fontana's
of
subject-matter
Charlotte
on the
three
all
an almost
references
und England
Fontane (1967)
Fontane
DATE
British
output,
Herbert
Britain
of
the
numerous
to
Der frühe
study,
from
TO
provides
autobiographical
attention
(1947);
NUrnberger's
to
his
in
Dreissig.
critical
Fontane
and literary
bis
draw major
RESEARCH
apart
to Britain
and in
correspondence
to
Quite
critical
debt
SCOTLAND
CRITICAL
Britain
of
inexhaustible
in
AND
FONTANE
and
Britain'
can be divided
firstly,
'Theodor
Fontane
many German critics
mean 'Theodor
Scotland',
that
Fontane
first
Fontane
is
the
received
the
former
last
forty
to here
be read
and Britain'),
and thirdly,
translator
red
into three:
conveniently
(by which,
however,
and England'
'Theodor
the
perhaps
full
the
entered
attention
subjects
have only
years.
'Theodor
in
passing,
as 'Britain'
Fontane
of
for
or in
the
received
those
and seen to
latter
early
critics
Fontane
and the
in
gradual
this
and England'
instances
be relevant
will
where
to
the
and
having
already
while
century,
attention
and
The fact
writer
subject
subject,
Fontane
Ballad'.
eye as a ballad
public
reason
'Theodor
secondly,
the
within
only
'England'
Scottish
the
be refermay
visit.
179.
It
is
articles
and reviews
their
to
Fontana's
that,
regardless
form,
Fontana's
from
his
Deutschland'
"er
in
19.12.1857
writes
einen
Balladenmelodie,
die
by P. J. Willatzen
the
expressed
writers
in
praise
for
cit.,
of
elegant
choice
Büchertische
der
a view
perhaps
which
contemporary
Fontana's
he finds
conclusion
fault
is
the
bringt
und nicht
reflects
more of
attitude
to
with
that
some of
the
the
publication
ballad
form
it
of
is
of
the.,
dem
wird"
(Ibid),
own character
than
the
nature
of
more closely,
but
his
overall
such a son.
helpful
the work.
of
"welches
auf
allein
collection
be proud
great
full
too,
a work,
rhyme and scansion,
des Tweed,
history
for
critic's
Fontana's
Germany should
Jenseit
the
of
ihm innewohnende
und finden
verdient
a
Having
lack
He praises,
format
p. 813).
article
nonetheless
and "die
von
cit.,
year.
apparent
is
388).
Platz
that
appeared
critic
(Op.
Art
Balladendichter',
als
the
as a
a three-page
carried
octavo
In examining
verse.
As regards
resume of
p.
Damen einen
the
Natur"
Nippsächelchen
keine
and the
Germany,
(Op.
eine
muss"
Lapel
both
of
work
Balladen-schwung,
over
concern
"poetische
Fontana's
Gestaltungskraft"
wahrlich
public
general
contemporary
publisher's
which
collection
für
Fontane
Fontana
'Theodor
entitled
ballads
of
2.12.1860
of
emerge
Fontana's
superiority
und ergreifen
uns gewinnen
of Fontana's
review
the
of
and
such an art
clearly
the
reviewing
eigenthUmlichen
Sonntagsblatt'
The 'Bremer
in
86)
Zentralblatt
'Literarisches
who,
ballads
p.
in
of
a
18.10.1855,
cit.,
sense
access
with
Fontana's
desirable
popularity
the
of
critic
is
to give
83
82
on Fontane
of
(Op.
and poetic
The undeniable
'Argo',
hat
it
or not
own personality
of
and Fontane
poet:
of whether
by the
attested
als
deal
an article
that
Uebersetzungen"
for
provides
reviews
Kunstblattes,
he stresses
art;
which
in
on Fontana.
Potsdam
in
Storm,
des deutschen
ballads.
influence
Early
reception.
ballad
contemporary-
material,
Theodor
"mehr Bearbeitungen
are
critical
poetry.
Fontana's
assesses
is
Fontane
'Literaturheft
the
selective
Scottish
the
to
this
of
ballad
at
'Theodor-Fontane-Archiv'
the
to
guide
first
alluding
collection
valuable
in
to look
beneficial
I am indebted
to
1855 - 1900
RECEPTION.
a)
a brief
In January
1859,
180,
in
Berlin,
Fontane
delivered
six
and throughout
1859 and 1860 the
were published
in
of
1860 first
the
edition
'Bilder
und Briefe
Revue',
chapters
für
chapters
in
the
XII
chapter
form,
the
of
work
Chapters
I-X
Zeitung'
'Vossische
XXI
XXV
in
XVI
and
in Stuttgart,
as 'Eine
XIII
lecture
and journals.
papers
appeared
in
chapters
individual
aus Schottland',
Leser',
gebildete
of
a variety
the
of
in
the
Cotta's
as
'Berliner
'Morgenblatt
Reise
ins
schottische
(Kreuz-)
Preussische
XX
in
the
'Neue
(the
Lapel was to suggest for
Zeitung'
'Das
title
Macbeth-Land'
as
84
in the 'KreuzXXVI - XXVII likewise
the whole work),
chapters
'Lochleven-Castle',
Zeitung'
which was
as 'Aus Süd-Schottland',
85
in
in 'Die Presse'
from the first
excluded
edition,
mistakenly
Hochland',
and finally
Vienna,
in
Bewohner',
It
was only
publisher
edition
'Europa
Chronik
difficulty
prepared
to accept
"jenseit",
it
as 'Jenseits
expressly
wanted
ohne prätentiös
behind
Stuart',
lecture,
since
representation
the
des Tweed'.
found
(in
was published
in
86
1860,
one
having
after
As regards
title
the
archaic
form
down the
years
the
critics
a
Knowledge
of
have
Fontane
that
work.
but
is
the
little
escape
Sunday,
Bth January,
lecture
series=88
rather
from
of
Rizzia's
Loch Leven.
1860 carried
the
murder
of
Castle
Berlin.
Hr. Theodor Fontane,
gleich
ausgezeichnet
und Feuilleals Dichter
tonist,
Mittwoch
beginnt
am nächsten
Arnim's
Hotel unter den Linden eine
in
for
one of
the
Fontana's
and Loch
and Willy
The 'Vossische
advertisement
of
reception
a critique
Edinburgh
Holyrood,
stories
the
of
Erinnerung
der
'Stätten
of
than
a report
carried
entitled
indication
a report
the
6.3.1859
of
article
of Linlithgow,
and retells
Mary's
Fontane
Welt'.
form as being "ein bisschen
apart,
use the older
87
does add to an understanding
of the artistic
zu sein",
gives
it
that
und seine
to
lectures,
an Maria
gebildeten
use of
numerous
Sonntagsblatt'
The 'Bremer
Berlin
deliberate
that
der
It
work.
in
Hochland
schottische
and Costenoble.
with
may be said
it
intentions
Hertz
chose,
misquoted
the
Springer
by Julius
by both
finally
in
'Das
considerable
Fontane
part
lecture,
after
been refused
Fontana's
the
Lewald's
only)
Leven,
XVII
chapters
Douglas'
Zeitung'
Fontana's
of
181.
über die schotReihe von Vorlesungen
tischen
Hochlande und Uber englische
Zustände,
die er schon durch Jahre
langen Aufenthalt
in England und vielfache Reisen nach allen
Richtungen
aus
An der
Anschauung kennt.
eigener
Hand eines solch poetischen
Führers,
noch
Studien
hinlänglich
dazu durch gründliche
vorbereitet,
wird gewiss jeder Gebildete
Hochmit Vergnügen bald das schottische
und
gebirge
mit seinen Heldengestalten
Ländern,
bald die Fabrikstädte
mit ihren
Dampfschloten
und ihrer
rauchenden
Industrie
gern durchschweifen.
riesigen
Im Voraus dürfen wir den Zuhörern
einen
Unterhaltung
hohen Genuss, eben eo viel
als Belehrung
von diesen Vorlesungen
versprechen.
(Op. cit. )
If
the
promoter
cities,
is
be disappointed,
that
is
Fontane
a "Dichter"
by the
reviewer
a review
information
he was to
notable
both
had expected
here
about
it
for
described
and a "Feuilletonist".
of
the
'Deutsches
of Aus England
industrial
Scotland's
was not
Führer",
as a "poetischer
This
Museum' the
It
forthcoming.
opinion
following
was reiterated
year,
in
and Balladen:
Von Theodor Fontane,
einem Berliner
Schriftsteller,
der sich hauptsächlich
durch seine Schilderungen
Lebens
Englands und des englischen
bekannt gemacht hat, vortheilhaft
liegen
neuerdings
zwei Werke vor ...
Wie Theodor Fontane England seinen
Ruf als Tourist,
er den
so verdankt
'Balladen',
mit denen er überhaupt,
wenn wir uns recht erinnern,
zuerst
trat,
seinen
vor die Oeffentlichkeit
Ruf als Dichter.
)
(Op. cit.,
206f.
pp.
By the
well
time
known,
of
but
his
his
to Berlin,
return
as a travel
skills
Fontane
therefore,
writer
and poet
was not
yet
had already
been recognised.
A few weeks earlier
land'
of 19.1.1861
the
reviewed
'Literarisches
Jenseit
Zentralblatt
des Tweed with
SchottKreisen
Je weniger wir in weitern
land mit seinen landschaftlichen
und
EigenthUmlichkeiten
culturhistorischen
great
für
Deutsch-
enthusiasms
182.
Ueberund mit seinen
geschichtlichen
kennen,
lieferungen
um
und Erinnerungen
dies
Buch zur
Grund,
so mehr haben wir
Die hier
Lecture
zusammenzu empfehlen.
"Bilder
aus Schottund Briefe
gestellten
land"
anziehenden
ungemein
sind
von einer
der Auffassung,
Frische
und Lebhaftigkeit
die,
von dem innigsten
getragen
zugleich
Land,
das schottische
Interesse
für
seine
den Leser
Geschichte,
Romantik
und seine
die lebendige,
besonders
auch durch
hin und wieder
von seinem
geistreiche,
fesselt
Darstellung
Humor belebte
und
ihm hier
Es werden
neben einem
anregt.
die sich
Stück
Landesgeschichte,
an
guten
Certlichbesuchte
Verfasser
einzelne
vom
in
keiten
selten
anknüpft
und, nicht
Zügen geschrieben,
blutigen
mit blutigen
Erinnerungen
aus den
noch heutzutage
dem
Herrlichkeit
Trümmern
zu
vergangener
Wanderer
theils
anmuthige
spricht,
Bilder
und culturgeschichtromantische
liche
Scenen aus der Geschichte
und aus
theils
dem Leben des Volkes,
anziehende
landschaftliche
Schilderungen
dargeboten,
die reich
Localfarben,
zur
an frischen
Dabei
dienen.
Charakteristik
des Landes
auch nicht,
es der Verfasser
unterlässt
Interesse,
dem romantischen
gegenüber
des Volkes
die Geschichte
und das
welches
Land gewährt,
gebührend
auch die Kehrseiten
auch in
was besonders
zu beleuchten,
Sonntagsfeier
Ansehung
der schottischen
der
ist.
Fall
(Op.
It
is
interesting
Sabbath,
Scottish
Staffa
that
and of
none of
these
Abbotsford
etwaiger
adulation
in
the
W. Scott's"
Scott,
would
critic
bound to
but
Fontane,
some respects
critic
the
is
Church
discussed
disappoint
(Ibid.
did*not
scarcely
like
of a sense
the
appreciated.
to have read
than
that
of
of
it
also
him from
Thus the
a presentation
Fontana's
of
Interesse
romantische
deter
to
account
fact
of
noteworthy;
them out
otherwise
be seen to be more of
accounts
interest
"das
);
the
out
personal
to Fontana's
refers
the
of
as especially
particular
who doubtless
Verehrer
of
Early
was of
subjects
have singled
should
he goes on to write
and the
as being
disappointed
cit.
critic
and that
Iona
Fontane himself,
89
duty.
Finally,
the
)
of
his
review
the
Jenseit
can
work
des Tweed.
183.
Six
"sehr
months
freundliche
Briefwechsel,
said
review
as follows:
his
had expressed
in
Besprechung"
(F/L
19.7.1860
the
Lepel
earlier
'Vossische
the
2, p.
vol.
pleasure
the
over
Zeitung'
of
Petersen
describes
273).
Die Besprechung
die
lebendige
erkennt
...
Anschaulichkeit
an, in der sich von neuem
die echte Dichternatur
des liebenswürdigen
Verfassers
bewähre, und rühmt die Bevölkerung der denkwürdigen
Plätze mit den
Schatten
der Vergangengrossen historischen
heit.
(Ibid,
note 312, p. 417)
Reviews
of Jenseit
Museum' are
in
discussed
'Europa',
Sachen',
des Tweed in
the
the
häuslichen
by Kurth-Voigt,
'Berlinische
Menzel's
Neuen MUnchener Zeitung'
in
both
the
comparative
The posthumous
two parts,
and which
appeared
Friedrich,
fact
also
invites
volume
work on Britain,
1850's
back in
the
reviews
which
but
appeared
'Dresdner
in Wiesbaden,
the
Zeitung',
the
'Die
Frankfurter
Illustrirte
Zeit'
Zeitung',
'Der
of
Bund'
German reading
three
facts:
the
critical
probable
for
plan
had never
which
in
and the
Zeitung',
and the
'Ostdeutsche
the
public
'Frankfurter
the
Bern and the
first,
at
that
attention.
This
success
from
the
while
the
time
93
the
Kurier'
Fränkischer
'Norddeutsche
and the
the
Nachrichten',
Rundschau'
above
from
Echo',
the
'New-Yorker
three
One can cite
world
Journal',
Fontane
the
of
had conceived
Fontane
'Hamburger
'Vossische
des Tweed,
son
'Das literarische
in
which
by Fontane's
German-speaking
the
over
excerpts
Eine
Elze's
managed to sell.
Monats-hefte',
Deutsche
A few selective
the
as to
Correspondent'
Journal',
of
und Schottland,
published
considerable
all
form
London and Jenseit
1899,
December 1900,
December 1899 to
'Hamburgischer
Aus England
in
the
the
92
Berlin
speculation
take
des Tweed and Karl
Ein Sommer in
attracted
am,
zur
and the 'Abendblatt
91
The articles
by Drude.
with
publication,
in
und gelehrten
'Unterhaltung
Museum' and 'Europa'
Edinburg.
nach
comprises
dealt
of Jenseit
reviews
Frühlingsfahrt
Gutzkow's
'Literaturblatt'
are
'Deutsches
vom Staats-
Nachrichten
Zeitung',
'Kölnische
Herd',
Grenzboten'
und 'Deutsches
90
and those which appeared
'Die
in
Vienna,
'Westermanns
Allgemeine
Staatszeitung'.
reveal
the
mood of
recognition,
experienced
above
the
present
all,
184,
in
England,
of
this
and his
can be seen
in
the
article
led
past
heritage
the
he sought
him to
Forth/Havel
awareness
own country's
des Tweed
as manifested
Stirling'.
94
Wanderungen',
Edinburg
Sternfeld
Richard
Echo',
Literarische
'Von
Jenseit
Wanderungen,
the
Fontanes
Theodor
'Aus
entitled
of
passage
to
his
of
that
and third,
link
literary
that
second,
confirmation
a renewed
own patriotism,
as the
Scotland,
in
past
bis
In
in
an
'Das
writes:
[in
kommt mehr
des Tweed]
Jenseit
Da
dichtedas Gemüt Fontanes
und seine
deshalb
Geltung,
Neigung
und
zur
rische
Aufenthalt
für seine
der schottische
ist
der
Entwicklung
als
wichtiger,
spätere
der
Reihe
Für
eine
ganze
englische.
die ja in seiner
Balladen,
schottischen
Raum einGedicht-Sammlung
einen grossen
Parallelen
die
hier
haben
wir
nehmen,
für Maria
die Begeisterung
in Prosa:
für Scott
für die Douglas,
Stuart,
und
die einst
Burns,
poetische
so herrliche
hat sich hier
an
tragen
Früchte
sollte,
dem
Natur,
der Liebe
an
schottischen
zur
Chroniken
Studium
der schottischen
entüber
der
Reiz,
hohe
der
Daher
zündet.
liegt,
Schilderungen
diesen
nicht
weil
des Reisenden,
Neugier
die flüchtige
ihnen
Poeten
des
Herz
das
aus
sondern
die Beschreibung
Wie hier
spricht.
Hand in Hand geht
der Naturschönheiten
die
der
Menschen,
der
Beobachtung
mit
dies Land bewohnen,
jetzt
und der
die
der Ereignisse,
Vergegenwärtigung
haben
darauf
abgespielt
sich einst
das konnte
geben,
nur ein Schriftsteller
Weise die
in einziger
der, wie Fontane,
Historikers
des Dichters,
Fähigkeiten
vereinigte.
und Realisten
(Op. cit.,
p. 400)
This
assessment
makes one further
lie.
1899)
to
young
Fontane"
The
more towards
inclines
important
view
"den
and "the
'Dresdner
namely
point,
ganzen
old
modern
of
view.
the
that
Fontane",
Fontane"
Journal'
the
rather
as effectively
30.12.1899
bewährt
sich die
Immer und überall
Empfänglichkeit
jugendliche
und die
des VerSchilderungskunst
frische
für
fassers
Die Empfänglichkeit
...
den Zauber der Fremde hebt bei Fontane
die Heimatliebe
und die Dankniemals
barkeit
fUr das Gute und Bessere der
Heimat auf.
Und so hat sich seine
Scotts
Entwickelung
der Walter
angenähert,
von der er im Schlusskapitel
reads:
Sternfeld
tendency
than
is
seeing
separate
now
"the
writers.
185.
seiner
schottischen
Bilder
sagt:
Was wäre der Ruhm Schottlands
ohne die
Erscheinung
Walter
Scott's:
Den
...
Unterschied
in Anschlag
der Zeiten
gebracht,
etwas ähnliches
vom
gilt
Verhältnis
Fontanes
zur heimatlichen
Mark Brandenburg.
(Op.
These sentiments
day,
is
although
necessarily
Paul
are
the
echoed
'Vossische'
cit.
)
in
the
Zeitung'
'Vossische
does not
critic
imply
that
the
same
Mark
better:
Wenn er durch die alten
Schlösser
der
Douglas wanderte oder die Stelle
suchte,
Dhu mit einwo Fitzjames
und Roderick
ander gekämpft haben, so schweiften
seine
Gedanken in die ferne märkische
Heimath,
Vergangensich ihre reiche
und er rief
heit ins Gedächtniss
zurück.
(Op. cit. )
Seliger,
in the 'Leipziger
Zeitung'
of 25.1.1900,
between
contrast
the
of
the
English
and Scottish
sections
stresses
the
of
the
book:
Herrscht
kühle
im ersten
verständige,
Prüfung und Abwägung vor, so kommt im
die Liebe zur Natur und zur
zweiten
Vergangenheit
des Volkes,
wie sie sich
in Geschichte
und Sage ausspricht,
zu
ihrem vollen
Rechte,
und vielfach
schon
klingen
die-Töne
an, die er später
in seinen schottischen
Balladen
voller
hat.
angeschlagen
(Op. cit. )
the
To-day
fact
that
Scottish
visit
received
them as they
the
considered
the
of
ballads
were
importance,
were published,
first
conceived
but
contemporary
Jenseit
the
before
readers
des Tweed,
then
Balladen.
Ernst
in
is
most of
Jenseit
von Wolzogen,
in
des Tweed of
the
'Die
young
Zeit'
of
Fontane,
17.3.1900,
the
finds
Romantic:
der sich
Es ist
der deutsche Romantiker,
für seine Reise nicht
etwa durch nationalökonomische
und politische,
sondern durch
Studien,
liebevolle
durch
geschichtliche
Scotts
Lecture
Walter
und mehr noch der
Volkspoesie
alten
vorbereitet.
...
Oft (besonders
in den schottischen
Schilderungen)
der
erhebt sich der Stil
Darstellung
und wir hören
zur Poesie,
expression
186.
die Melodie der schönsten
Fontaneschen
Balladen
und Nachdichtungen
schottischer
Volkslieder
schon deutlich
aus dieser
Prosa herausklingen.
(Op. cit. )
However,
taking
into
displays
in
work,
the
to Fontana's
brand
'Ein
Rundschau'
behind.
is
über
finds
little
to
Jenseit
say of
by Max Meyerfeld,
in
whom the
English
than
Scottish,
Mensch".
pronouncement
95
democratic.
In
the
section
since
deals
The 'Leipziger
elements
of
Fontana's
novelist
in
later
exclaims
in
a manner
years,
were to
the
while
England
is
critic
himself
might
aristocratic,
Bienenstein
also
an attitude
adopted
29.4.1900,
of
for
more important
"der
subject,
vital
the
detects
him such a popular
render
of
on to
however,
infinitely
the
a review
the 'Ostdeutsche
fasten
light,
this
this
in
in
to
also
had alluded
of 10 & 11.2.1900
which
Fontana
that
with
Tageblatt'
style
Wolzogen
first
book is
it
that
Zeitung'
'Frankfurter
the
evidence
England',
des Tweed,
of
Fontane
Bienenstein,
the
one of
which
If
Karl
controversial
Germany is
English
perceives
Dichter
28.3.1900,
while
the
critic
Romanticism,
of
deutscher
of
Fontana's
the
irony
fine
was soon to be left
Romanticism
entitled
the
account
the
Journal'
'Frankfurter
in
have adopted
his
1844
diary:
Die schriftstellerischen
Arbeiten
eines
Willen:
Poesie
grossen Dichters
wider
Wie schön!
Akkord;
Welch ein voller
Wie tief
Wie
wohlthuend;
anspruchslos
und wie überreich:
(Op. cit. )
'Westermanns
Wanderungen
belebte,
Illustrirte
style,
durch
reiche
Monatshefte'
"seine
notes
aussergewöhnliche
historische
Kenntnis
the
emergence
Begabung
vertiefte,
für
in
of
Fontana's
seelenvoll
leichter,
Form dargebotene
Land- und Leuteschilderungen"
anmutig plaudernder
(OP. cit. ). The reviewer
to a passage of which much
goes on to point
has been made by more recent
critics:
Von England und Schottland
aber schlingt
das Sand hinüber
sich für ihn unmittelbar
in seine heissgeliebte
nach Deutschland,
Mark Brandenburg.
In der schottischen
Landschaft
Kinross
am Levensee war es, wo
des Wortes:
"Erst
er sich der Wahrheit
187.
an der
wurde.
die Fremde lehrt
uns, was wir
bewusst
Heimat besitzen""(96)
(Ibid. )
Above all,
much may be outdated,
though
"der
er den Menschen und Dingen zu geben wusste,
(Ibid. ).
German readers should be proud
his
love
bleibt
that
den
unvergänglich"
Fontane
lost
never
own home:
his
of
Reiz,
poetische
Schilderungen
Auch aus den herrlichsten
Geschichtsgrossen,
auch aus
englischer
Uber die landden schönsten
Kapiteln
Reize des schottischen
schaftlichen
der
klingt
Hochlandes
schon deutlich
'"Ich bin
Kehrreim:
stolz-bescheidene
begegnet man
und nirgends
ein Preusse",
Fremdenjener würde- und kritiklosen
der der Deutsche auf
begeisterung,
Reisen auch heute noch so leicht
verfällt.
(Ibid. )
Finally,
the
13.12.1900
lasting
of
'Norddeutsche
a more balanced
gives
worth
patriotic
critic
the
of
Fontana's
He, too,
view.
but
writings,
Zeitung'
Allgemeine
from
of
the
stresses
rather
a poetic
than
perspective:
Vor Allem die prächtigen
und liebevollen
Schilderungen
der englischen
und schotin denen gewissermassen
tischen
Natur,
die Vorläufer
für die 'Wanderungen durch
die Mark' gesehen werden können.
ist es aber auch sehr
NatUrlich
den wir
Theodor Fontane,
anziehend,
eines
uns gewöhnt haben, als das Urbild
hier
Alten
zu betrachten,
welterfahrenen
Jugendkraft
in frischester
zu sehen; wer
Augen hat zu sehen, der wird in diesem
die ZUge des Alten
jungen Manne bereits
sicher
aber wird jeder an dem
erkennen,
liebenswürdigen,
der tüchtigen,
Bilde
die
Persönlichkeit
uns
strebenden
ernst
in diesen Artikeln
seine
entgegentritt,
Freude haben.
(op. cit. )
The significance
the
Mark,
and of
has naturally
alluded
in
to it,
of Scotland
Jenseit
November 1861 in
in
the
Fontane
des Tweed as a test
been considered
first,
to
important
Jenseit
foreword
ever
as the
for
since
pointer
the Wanderungen,
Fontane
des Tweed and shortly
to the
first
towards
volume
himself
afterwards
of
the
188.
Wanderungen.
down the
Dolles'
the
Since
in
the
fand
b)
RESEARCH
FROM
Fontana's
Schottischer
on the
cerning
their
meetings.
'Tunnel'
Theodor
Wegmann's
the
ballad
of
above all,
a conclusion.
Fontana's
also
with
that
it
his
was in. the
"den
that
secondly,
Meisterballaden
sind"
a herald
of
(Rhyn,
er einer
ein
Bahnbrecher
der
Rhyn's
reviewing
Fontana's
conception
factor
his
in
p.
grössten
für
attitude
als
wären
a new ballad
ist
true
that
ihn
auf
wesentlich
gleich
207).
Moreover,
form:
"In
Vollender,
der
in
"romantic"
to Scotland
he deals
firstly,
Hätte
aus.
und Scott,
geworden,
wie
sie
Rhyn sees Fontane
Behandlung
seinen
and this
and
shone,
doch unmittelbar
Sammlungen von Percy
(Ibid,
Form und Inhalt"
p.
99
for a closer
calls
work,
of
übten
and,
between
Fontane
Volksballaden
die
ballads
he concludes,
ballad
Einfluss
tiefsten
gekannt
anderes
geworden
the
und altschottischen
altenglischen
er nichts
of
style,
and although
verse,
related
in
shortcomings
original
and adaptations,
ballad
realm
the
distinction
He makes a clear
original
Die Balladendichtung
the
with
of
minutes
comment on Fontana's
translations
translations
ballad
the
from
con-
'Tunnel'.
the
in
and reception
emphasizes
of
and inforfacts
including
whose work,
1914,
lack
the
namely
comparison
in
Fontana's
of
each work
also
excerpts
Hans Rhyn,
history
of
and themes,
can be seen as
This
the
concerning
performance
followed
study,
1910.
incorporates
study
Fontanes,
by Carl
studied
writer
was first
Übersetzer
Englischer
und
als
an interpretation
composition,
the
Hans-Ullrich
"Im Lande
conclusion:
98
).
(Op.
Deutschland"
cit.
zu
facts
sources
his
22.2.1964,
of
1963,97
1900
of
textual
In addition,
in
appeared
familiar
Fontane
Wegmann provides
mation
in
Zeitung'
was published'in
compilation
ballads;
When Charlotte
respect.
und Schottland
Fontane
Balladen
a valuable
this
criticism
as a ballad
career
Wegmann, whose Theodor
seine
in
was to come to an already
des Tweed'
die
little
'Stuttgarter
'Jenseits
fact,
seen as an established
of Aus England
edition
Engel,
is
has changed
years
reviewer
this
alter
modernen
208).
definition
as
Balladenstoffe
Balladen
Karl
Meyer,
of
can be seen as a key
and one which
has occupied
many
189.
exposition
was Ernst
über
of
in
the
'Tunnel'
unthinkable
Fontane
the
of
the
"Der
least
his
the
on the
"Romanzenzyklus
Douglas",
sterbende
prologue
chapter
on the
he stresses
importance
love
that
all
Fontana's
but
that
Wandrey
assume the
as "die
with
The study
Fontana's
feature
namely
music.
the
first
his
105
includes
conception
of
study
Fontana's
ballads
106
dress",
and doubts
In providing
modern
sees
are
There
be lacking
this
Fontana's
ballad
whether
psychological
ballads
they
truly
depth
in
point
Ballad'(1958),
"folk
wrong to
(1854)
Douglas'
is
p. 336),
career.
hst
one important
Fontana's
up in
her
works,
article,
was to
which
be
She emphasises
mid-nineteenth-
belong
they
(Ibid,
writing
art.
in
better,
a chronological
Folk
the
of
takes
that
was also
ballad
providing
to
the
Fontanes"
his
of
Fontana's
conclusions
'Archibald
and poems.
Rodger
Gillian
that
zenith
an appendix,
Kohler
1919)
of
of
1848
He feels
for
necessarily
Tunnelballaden
the
from
apparent
recognises
In his
and also
their
Fontane
Kohler
ballads
which
English
were
Theodor
reached
in
Bothwell",
written
and poetry.
right
eigentlichen
'Tunnel'
ballad
'Fontane's
(in
der
also
Rhyn are
of
of 1646,
irrende
103
Weihe".
and Scott
bear
him some
brought
ballads
those
-
history
alterations
Fontane
which
Stuarts
Percy
of
British
of
reverse.
letzte
"Maria
three
Kohler
an explanation
and "Der
Tod"
'Meisterballaden'104
Wegmann nor
neither
the
"Rizzio's
1847,
of
the
own personal
Stuart'",
'Maria
the
Balladen"
they
He goes on to give
ballad
and stimulus.
"englische
the
in
on Fontane,
Britain
ballad
have been
reception
own personality,
successes.
and the
of
Fontana's
mark of
greatest
encouragement
while
and Fontane,
would
with
that
Triumvirat"
came to the
so their
of
in
art
were already
and Scott,
influence
fact
ballad
ballads
greatest
vital
"Tunnel
Strachwitz
Fontane
'Tunnel',
1938,101
of
glänzende
and Strachwitz
as his
Percy
In discussing
comments102
the
just
and,
Fontana's
put
Scherenberg,
25),
p.
entered
provided
an article
im Berliner
on "das
Scherenberg
without
'Tunnel'
in
ballad
concentrates
while
when they
his
finally
which
(Kohler,
and shows that
a more detailed
(1923)100
Meisterballaden
Die Balladendichtunn
Kohler
1840's
writers
on a further
(1940)
perspective.
was to give
in
Douglas'
Kohler's
der Spree"
the
Münchhausen
'Archibald
of
Remak added notes
and
it
Although
since.
critics
to
dispense
the
century
ballad
with
pure
genre.
190.
narrative;
of
the
of
the
historical
true
balladry,
that
remains
or
A recent
study
and their
to
seeks
on the
literary
in
of
his
and remarkable
renownedly
liberal
for
that
for
lyric
sides
had reluctantly
poetry,
was truly
with
of
the
art
the
is
it
by the
played
reasons
so,
behind
already
to attempt
critic
why Fontane
block
a stumbling
Lackey
his
despite
order
joined
of strong
years
fence.
in
the
cites
Fontana's
proved
that,
came
and anecdote
first
his
during
in
ballad
at why Fontane
young
the
at
any attempt
with
doing
political
realised
of Salladesque
Fontane (1979),
first
has long
which
he must leave
"his"
the
'Tunnel'
conservative
a fact
rouse
significance.
story-telling
of
Lackey
history.
come to terms
on both
Fontane
which
in
in
and,
place
to
its
concentrating
(a word
"balladesque"
role
He looks
whose love
father,
tendencies,
critics
first
memory served
to
objectively
the
the
interest
unusual
the
examines
also
chose
merely
Although
seldom
yet
research,
Kohler
by Herder.
Fontane
Theodor
of
the word
of
aspect
Some Aspects
gaps.
remaining
development.
ballad
influence
the
Fontane
Lackey
definition),
the
Novels
the
interpretations
commonly used in
to
for
some of
various
Fontana's
Lackey,
a vital
regarded
to appreciate
by Geoffrey
Relevance
fill
failed
genuinely
highly
as to whether
unanswered
namely
performance.
and musical
element
themes
preferred,
he ignored
But above all
of oral
traditional
he himself
those
of
was a folk
music
it,
dismiss
that
down the
played
favour
and tragic.
The question
Art
in
supernatural
recalls
to
Fontane
moreover,
to
form:
that we do not need
It is our contention
to the right
to read an ideological
shift
in Fontanes
with the "Tunnel",
association
by pure
but that it is perfectly
explicable
he had realised
what he
motives:
artistic
to
was beginning
was not cut out for,
to, and
discover
what he might be suited
itself
to him, was a school
here, offering
in which to practise
and to learn and to
if
himself;
school
not
a
which,
perfect
its
not without
was certainly
perfect,
If we accept this,
and at
merits
either.
the same time allow that he retained
unto his artistic
but parallel
changed,
then we do not
his liberal
goals,
politics,
have to explain
anomalies.
away some stubborn
(Lackey,
p. 27)
sees
predilection
discover
that
191.
Having
ultimately
(Ibid,
pp.
With
of
27f. ),
'Tunnel'
the
this
his
achieved
had offered
background
Scottish
later
work
and Lackey
distinguish
between
and on the
he considers
a detailed
balladry
Einfluss
survey
Theodor
aspects
Apart
from
the
works
England
are
few in
contribute
translator
Percy,
uptathe year
but
above
all
of Scott.
is
Abbotsford'
and 'Walter
to
hints
at
narrative
developing
the
the
shown in
references
traceable
work.
Fontana's
He underlines,
style,
in
of
in
first
this
and England'
as a ballad
influence
influence
'Walter
teaching
as early
writer
was to last
Scotts
Einzug
108
In
throughout
the
part
him to
and
on him of
Unwiederbringlich,
Scott
too,
ballad
Schönemann was the
the
of
poems,
to Scott
influence
on different
and
in WestminsteiAbtei'.
Scott
twenty-one
Fontane
importance
That
late
the
his
und sein
a concise
providing
Theodor
Fontane
1860 and writes
a life-time
pointing
Friedrich
Fontana's
He stresses
Spree
Fontana's
of
Joll_es'
on 'Theodor
an article
as 1915.
studies
preceded
number.
exception
107
Fischer,
on Fontane.
above detailed
which
to
the
der
during
and the
debt
Fontana's
latter
club
Lackey
study
have concentrated
Britain
of
the
the
with
most critics
the
writing,
to
(1978),
influence
the
of
Fontane'
tradition
conspicuously
remains
über
always
these
of
With
Tunnel
'Der
a concise
folk
by Gertrud
ballad
article,
dealings
of membership,
years
the
in
Fontana's
thorough
researched.
of
in
and Lackey,
becomes
Fontana's
In all,
still
Kohler's
it
Fontana's
application
novels
Rodger
study
Fontana's
of
both
has been well
Krueger's
auf
the
of
and which
should
in
be found
features
a major
Fontana's
of
of
"Fontane".
ballad
since
of
aspects
to
pure
that
study
a more specialised
and Joachim
critics
different
more modern approach
Scottish
"balladesque",
elements
main aim
"balladesque"
absence
are
Notwithstanding,
wanting.
of
of
which
twenty-two
to
the
influence
continued
two "balladesque"
the
those
further,
he must move on.
to
the
of
that
approach
undoubtedly
instances
the
one hand those
other
establishes
findings
in
this
of
Mache",
realisation
proceeds
course
did
to
points
definition
on the
work;
ballads
Nonetheless,
and satisfactory
the
'die
and that
could
Lackey
In the
the
novels.
it
techniques
to ascertain
which features
of
(especially
from Percy and Scott)
original.
that
novels,
came to
him all
namely
clear
the
himself
established,
were borrowed
were entirely
of
Fontane
research,
ballads
"virtuosity
in
Schönemann
Fontana's
Scott
played
create
"die
in
innige
192.
Durchdringung
von Landschaft
Hintergrund
und Begebenheit,
von geschichtlichem
(Schönemann, p. 670) and to find "den
und Charakter"
Sinn
ausgesprochenen
The fact
that
für
Jenseit
die
Poesie
des Tweed ends with
Abbotsford
is
proof
synonymous
in
Fontana's
(Ibid.
des Kulturgeschichtlichen"
to Schönemann that
a symbolic
Scott
to
pilgrimage
and Scotland
were almost
mind:
Scott hat neben mehrseitiger
künstleAnregung noch ein letztes
für
rischer
Fontane und die Deutschen seiner
Zeit
'he did the honours, for all
geleistet:
(109)
Scotland'.
Auch fur Fontane ist
Schottland
denkbar,
was
nicht
ohne Scott
Reisebriefe
seine schottischen
auf jeder
Seite verraten.
(Ibid. )
Although
Schbnemann does refer
seek to
that
Lambert
essay.
Novels
Theodor
of
in
parallels
his
plot
his
Tales
of
Schdnemann,
is
criticism
Just
as Stirk
Dr.
Fontana's
the
the
English
that
to
a Scotswoman),
of
Fontane
Scottish
regarding
its
history
and literature
but
Fontana's
Edinburgh
plan,
for
six
also
expressed
months
Fontanes
"Kommst Du denn nicht
114
Stoffe;
".
Charlotte
Jolles'
thesis,
on
close
Scott,
of
Midlothian
especially
for
admiration
like
and,
found
Fontane
Theodor
of
some
him remained.
correspondence
Scottish
development
in
extraction
assessing
came in
and matters
subject-matter,
Scott
1940 with the publication
112
There is much
and Lepel.
Britain
with
relations
Scotland
Deine
his
an important
to
to visit
although
work,
reference
instance,
of
letters
the
love
and The Heart
in Scott's
correspondence
Scottish
in
Fontana's
opinion
Fontane-Scott
drawing
had drawn attention
to Fontana's
(who, incidentally,
James Morris111
was of
and married
of
of
in
Fontana's
novels
and Scott's
110
S. D. St irk,
critics.
by later
stresses
the
of Walter
method of
between
and the
a Grandfather
for
cause
with
also
his
but
contrived
'England
article,
(1936),
Fontane'
the
Fontane,
as expounded
to
contribute
The Influence
thesis,
and character
has been considered
in
was to
he does not
essay,
"romantisch"
of
conception
Shears
1922 with
in
research
the
Fontana's
explore
Alexis
to Fontana's
in
the
and Fontana's
letters,
own works
more personal
details
a letter
113
or more,
of
in
nach Schottland?
Theodor
Fontane
not
29th
as,
of
for
August,
or Lapel's
Dort
only
cry
liegen
and England,
1851,
to
ja
remains
)
193.
first
the
to
work
Britain
her
She gives
have elaborated
some valuable
on the
belong
works
Manteuffel
Jolles
works,
in
England,
of
the
Fontana's
Schottland,
'She
Fontane
Bucher
to visit
münde to the
in
Fontane
Lewald's
but
too,
on the
Britain,
from
the
urge
in
land
the
his
predecessors
in
England
husband
the
und
April,
urged
of Swine-
contacts
and Scott
had
learned.
In discussing
his
conception
"modern"
was for
the
sidered
that
a "poetic
historic"
Fontana's
own view117
ballad
Fontana's
ture
and the
and the
Romantic
Fontane
of
the
stage;
since
of
118
much quoted
Movement set
in
part
played
the
highest
p.
is
not
des Tweed
in her
on the
by Shakespeare
in
and
an "historic",
Jolles
chapter
elaborates
of
on the
Having
gone on to
making
of
Fontane
on
litera-
Alexis
Romantik"
Romantik"
technique
volume
on British
Fontana's
"falsche
but
she shares
as a companion
to
"gesunde
the
two can
the
that
As such
91).
passage
modern novel.
to do so while
not
history"
in
Scott's
119
much
of what he con(Dolles,
p. 82).
turns
from
to report
expression
she later
the
as meaning
"poetic",
and adaptations.
"romantic"
examines
understood
des Tweed
(Ibid,
against
had much to learn
history
also
of Jenseit
translations
chose
recognised
romantic
Jenseit
work
conception
the
or the
poetical
concludes
Fontane
Fontane
Fontane
and "romantic"
he was forced
he certainly
By "romantic"
"Scotland
the
England,
in
although
coexist.
to
While
Jolles
Britain,
of
"realistic"
and "historical".
Scotland,
Jolles
accounts
the words
of
was "realistic"
that
in
Fontana's
light
Emilie
of 7th
which
Percy
on
the
and quotes
European
where
the
shadow of
more importantly
influences
North
his
while
of
context
to her
that
As regards
published
a letter
in
and Kauffmann
Fanny Lewald
to
expands,
to learn
the
recently
in
as expressed
1852.116
Schlesinger
115
on the other.
she refers
of
opinion
the
opponents,
places
study,
lacking
tradition,
much in
was very
and PUckler-Muskau,
Heine
present
a definite
in
England
one hand and Lothar
travel
study.
and makes clear
travel
the
her
on Britain,
Fontana's
more successful
in
raised
who have
previously
writings
in
those
extent
background,
on Fontana's
output
points
to
relation
literary
criticisms
journalistic
Fontana's
or lesser
To a greater
as a whole.
followed
in any detail
examine
essay
of
the
Scott.
treatment
discuss
as a writer,
194.
Dolles
then
calls
Scott's
and asks whether
indirectly
Scott
through
forms
Dolles
Fontane's
work
the
with
both
which
Lewald
past
yet
love
Scottish
Scott
Leslie
in
Queen of
Scots
Scottish
if
feeling
"revived
his
roused
for
the
clearly
(Ibid,
natural"
to
the
critics
majority
of
Britain
exerted
Britain
in
visits,
the
of
'Fontane's
contrasting
of
two traits
spirit
essays
running
'Maria
Effi's
from
of GordonMary
with
it
one of
the
to Scotland",
Fontana's
that
with
"realistic",
the
and "his
the
the
British
renewed
Scotland
on England
in
parallel
vigour";
his
evoked
and Scotland
Fontana's
English
the
face
considering
influence
of the
that
development
the
it
since
Fontana's
to
has occupied
In. many ways Derrick
Barlow's
(1953) acts as an antidote
Journeys'
assessments
of
on Fontane
Dolles.
since
on Fontane,
attitudes
economic
poetical
to great
discusses
character
writes
sees
the
novels,
journey
Jolles
in
only
elements"
of
and
p. 180).
The subject
article,
his
"romantic"
these
reveal
a number of
Fontana's
Fontane
Jolles
that
preoccupation
Loch Leven ("behind
of
sense
is
origins,
In conclusion
journey
England
Scottish
in
Scotland,
Dolles
the
to
former
Fanny
while
history,
written
Fontana's
London,
the
present,
It
romantic
Briest,
moments of
167).
p.
Effi
in
reviewers,
Sommer in
Moreover,
having
way,
the Wanderungen,
to
'Jakobitenlieder',
and evocation
most impressionable
Ibid,
Burns
his
the
am Tay',
and old
Finally,
in
Ein
own country's
BrUck'
influences
novels
C6cile,
'Die
149).
p.
Either
early
the Wanderungen.
to
or
des Tweed in
of
to
with
her
Scott
Mark as soon as he enters
realism
poems and the
of
in
poem,
modern
(Dolles,
some of, the
views
forward
122
combine.
pointer
much later
Stuart'
look
both
the
of
another
him "combining
the
himself,
and the
121
this-.
Thus
Jenseit
of
primarily
no inspiration
thinks
Fontana's
effect
they
and present
can find
is
this
Echoing
concerned
while
involuntarily
place
from
120
of
des Tweed as complementary
is
past,
ample proof
the
as to
as a whole.
latter
the
is
Alexis
Scotland
through
guide
des Tweed
an opinion
she sees Jenseit
since
came directly
'Alexis.
German imitator,
Fontana's
of Jenseit
work of Willibald
the
influence
his
was undeniably
content
to
attention
Britain
Britain
the
form
he encountered
"a total
during
influence
of a defence
He writes
criticism.
he displayed
of
takes
positive
the
of
on his
Fontana's
three
misappreciation
early
of
days of
of
the
195.
Victorian
(Barlow,
era"
on the
hypocrisy
Barlow
finds
it
for
of,
ness
and
important
developments
the
English
from
London,
the
first
the
both
English
the
artistry
the
genre
Scott,
of
the
of
travel
but
journeys
in
though
Fontane
he does not
instead
-Theodor
poetic
influences
of
further
brought
to
Von Dreissig
prominently
Percy
in
the
of
1871 and 1873.
and Scott
very
Heine,
tours
Scotland,
overlooks
contribution
positive
attitude
to
Macdonald
in
influence
of
a lack
Britain,
within
picture
completely
with
this
of
his
with
more superficial
stance,
und England,
Percy
and
the
impact
of
of
original-
and even
out
was merely
Acht
edition
124
(1959).
from
study,
year
examines
Reuter's
zig
of
deals
the
of
with
the
Knorr's
in
which
depth
the
had been
Fontane's
Scotland
Swinemünde
1848 and to the
first
Herbert
influences
on Fontane,
in
Knorr
to 'him
Nonetheless,
contact
defensive
Fontane
light
Knorr's
to
his
also
associations.
Britain
bis
furthermore,
Fontane's
on the
home in
Barlow's
study,
dence,
of
historical
to
In contrast
and,
As such he detects
accounts
the
early
on the
especially
and much distorted
As for
dwell
that
he did
view
on
on
that
comparison
and their
of his
that
commentary
importance
This
writing.
was more at
for
invites
177).
p.
themselves.
Fontane
detailed
that
writes
Fontane's
respect
life.
of
yet
was cribbed
at work,
Britain
British
aspects
two writers
concentrating
three
in
the
(Ibid,
Barlow
Swinemünde,
on life
fact
recognises
but
visit,
on the
Ein Sommer in
his
frustrations
final
Movement.
affairs,
the
of
Barlow
an "unrepresentative
provided
church
other
aware-
comment
account
come to appreciate
is
life"
Scotland,
of
to
more picturesque
since
his
Oxford
of
chapter
England,
in
on England
on the
123
been lost.
commentary
conclusion
the
while
of
into
commentary
considerable
two-years
a varied
overall
ity
suffer
he was later
that
Kalb'),
lack
attacks
no apparent
the
of
Scottish
take
instance
has since
had to
provide
to
sources
matters
Fontane
of
Fontane's
(for
'Das Goldne
church
to
life
show
Fontane's
contemporary
fails
Barlow
should
revival
include
in
many justified
contemporary
religious
to
one hand much of
the
in
the
this
same time
of
Fontane
that
example,
extend
Despite
materialism
strange
One might
at
p. 172).
correspon-
features
and family
more
influences
Scott
and`Alexis
three
visits
essays
and the
196,
they
works
Fontane's
with
knowledge
and adaptor
draws
to
to
Britain
Adolf
Laun's
Pictorial
Moore's
library
of
Burns'
Book of
1847 - and to the list
1889.126
The latter
Scott's
of
Knorr
hitherto
also
are
of Scott,
and Scotland,
Fontana's
points
various
which
are new.
letters
to Lapel,
(which
Darnley
tragedy
letters
mentioning
hoped amongst
the
things
other
was to
to
his
improve
to
Edinburgh,
his
English:
essays
to Fontane
two of
for
plans
to
Friedrich
critical
pertaining
discourage),
visit
and Quentin
and Karl
attention
discuss
in
Reliques,
various
by Knorr,
He draws
proposed
from
of
up by Fontane
Eberty
of
S.
and J.
of Midlothian
excerpts
which
an edition
Percy's
by Felix
raised
Lapel
drawn
he
pertaining
and Romantic,
Macbeth,
The Heart
reproduces
128
unpublished.
There
includes
to works
und Balladen
books
both
In addition,
include
these
Traditional
favourite
list
and two lives
Durward,
127
Elze.
Ballads,
Waverley,
Minstrelsy,
Lieder
and second
literature,
of America,
opinion
in his
translation
English
125
of
and as a critic.
Fontane's
contained
to narrative,
and treatment
as a translator
attention
journalistic
from
occasioned,
a
writing
the
and writes
of
where
129
Fontane
Es ist
dass Fontane gerade
aufschlussreich,
Hier wirkten
nach Edinburg'
gehen wollte.
sich die in der Jugend empfangenen Leseeindrücke
aus, erneut vervon Schottland
durch die Beschäftigung
stärkt
mit dem
Volksliedschottischen
und Balladengut.
Der Plan eines Schottlandbesuches
war
lange bevor Fontana
demnach schon gefasst,
wirklich
nach dort kam.
(Knorr,
Vol. 1, p. 7. )
Knorr
also
lectures
on the
some welcome
the
third
of
Fontana's
subject
of
writes
income;
Macpherson,
stresses
the
lectures
source of
on Scotland,
only1 income.
language.
fact
that
He also
the
plan
"englische
first
would
Chatterton
and
in
his
1860,
the
publications
discusses
that
at
time
Poesie"
in
(1851)
to
to
order
give
six
secure
'Die
Minstrels'
concern
and
130
Burns.
Knorr
Further,
Fontane
year
on Britain
Fontana's
delivered
were
knowledge
of
his
still
the
his
English
He considers
it impossible
to know whether Fontane read
English
literature
in English
or German, though he quotes sources
that he definitely
stating
read Scott in the original
and he points
131
in English.
out that Fontane also quoted Shakespeare
I
197,
With
these
points
relevant
passage
above.
Financially
at
this
time
inadequacy
of
interesting
Edinburgh
concerning
Fontane
and felt
is
in mind it
in
the
himself
found
in
to
letter
to
referred
a precarious
move was essential
a positive
the
quote
state
to escape
the
a "Bittstelle-Carriere":
jetzt
ist
erfüllt
von
ganze Seele
Reise
meiner
projektirten
nach Edinburg.
des Weitern
Ich muss mich Dir gegenüber
So
jetzt
darüber
wie's
mit
auslassen.
kann's
weiter
natürlich
nicht
mir steht,
ja eigentlich
nur
gehn;
mein Leben ist
unter
ein Fristen
und entbehrt
vielem
Ruhe ohne
auch jener
andern,
vor allem
ist.
die nun mal nichts
zu schaffen
...
"Hilf
jede Stunde
Dir selber;
ruft
mir
die
Projekt
ist
zu, und mein Edinburger
Grund,
Folge
Zurufs.
Der letzte
dieses
liegt
immer
warum es mir schlecht
geht,
in mir selbst;
es fehlt
mir das Positive,
ich
bauen und allenfalls
worauf
- pochen
könnte.
Ich will
um etwas
nach Edinburg
in der Gewalt
wenigstens
ganz u. völlig
sicher
zu
zu haben,
um mich im Englischen
fühlen.
Ein Aufenthalt
von 6 Monaten
ich
Kehr'
muss dazu hinreichend
sein.
dann zurück,
als
so kann ich mein Heil
Sprachmeister
und
mit gutem Gewissen
deshalb
mit Nachdrücklichkeit
versuchen,
Das
Vorstehende
ist
das
Minimum was
ich erwarte;
im Allgemeinen
hoffe
ich
ich denke sowohl
an die Möglichkeit
mehr:
(sei
in Edinburg
Geld zu verdienen
es als
Lehrer
im Deutschen,
sei's
als Mitarbeiter
Reviews
an verschiedenen
und Magazins)
Meine
als auch daran, nach meiner Rückkehr
Schottland
hierher,
und meinen Aufenthalt
daselbst
für mich zu machen.
zur Milchkuh
liegt
im
Die
Hauptschwierigkeit
Hinkommen;
sind zu überzwei Hindernisse
der Geldpunkt
und - meine Frau.
winden:
(Fontane to Lepel,
29.8.1851.
F/L
vol. 1, pp. 365ff
Neither
was felt
obstacle
was to have to wait
Knorr
innate
feature
praise
of
be surmountable,
for
seven years
comes to
simultaneous
to
terms
with
his
in
that
tendency
he sees
character:
Fontane
Mensch des Entwederwar aber kein
Oder,
Leben
und so liefen
sein
ganzes
hindurch
Bemerkungen
positive
und negative
über England
her,
inneroft
nebeneinander
halb
Satzes.
eines
(Ibid,
p.
and Fontane
Scotland.
a more two weeks in
Fontanes
and criticism
however,
37)
towards
this
Briefwechsel,
almost
as an
198.
leads
This
him to
132
to Scotland.
and in
connected
leading
Tweed
Anekdotische
too,
that
Knorr
this
had done,
the work
'Deutsches
Knorr
in
nach Edinburg
the
were currently
which
Fontane
Knorr
emphasises
Scotland
the
the
to
bring
He also
Fontane
Scottish
ing
balladry,
research.
noted
Herder
instance
and Fontane,
"Übersetzungen",
stress
Knorr
is
the
while
on the
He further
hints
poetic
at
differing
former's
those
of
rather
in
theme,
form
reaches
concerning
the
Fontane
learnt
than
Scott,
from
much
latter
the
influence
that
of Scott
many years
with
preoccupied
is
are
of
folk
influence
137
fashion.
than a direct
rather
Scott beeinflusste
Fontanes episches
Schaffen
Masse, ohne
in weitgehendem
poetry
historical
the
also
ballads
the
manifested
be
of
being
ballads
on Fontane:
the
should
which
"Umdichtungen",
literary
and
to add to exist-
to
folk
an article
and Fontane
little
of
- This, is
and setting.
influence
fact
attitudes
treatment
the
and Ullrich's
Fontane's
the
and
holiday.
on their
however,
points,
articles
Nationalzeitung'
and Scott
there
and
Frühlingsfahrt
Monatshefte'
Fontane
praise
Ullrich's
of
sufficiently
that
an indirect
novels,
an indirect
of
feels
the
to
refers
He makes certain
for
here,
subjects
of
Illustrirte
'Westermans
offer
135
on Loch Leven.
the
'him
the
Grenzboten'
'Berliner
with
was still
to
As regards
the
contrasting-nature
Scotland.
1885,
in
to
Elze's
knowledge
evident
133
as
and Fontane,
134
and in dis-
refer
'Die
important
is
be compared.
Heine
to
ins
gern
contemporary
should
in
die
certain
drawn with
comparison
Lepel
asked
first
des
"Landschaftsbes-
differences,
their
reviews
appearing
to
Fontane's
the
Jenseit
of
It
between
underlines
inextricably
Anmerkungen,
pointing
which
contemporary
style
p. 41).
similarities
and Fontane's
which
of
in
attitude
Fontane
the Wanderungen:
(Ibid,
des Tweed, he is
Museum',
in
Jolles
the
sees the
of
werden"
and his
were to
historischen
with
claiming
Jenseit
that
mit
on-Britain
Barlow
later,
to
history
of
Knorr
respect
follows
than
accounts
and history
gepaart
Rather
of
Landscape
ausgeweitet
German works
cussing
treatment
straight
stets
chreibung,
Fontana's
in
whose
136
side.
Fontane's
he
conclusion
while
itself
in
199.
dadurch
Fontanes
Originalität
zu
Fontane
gefährden.
wuchs an der
Lektüre
Scotts
und wurde eigentlich
dadurch
erst
zu dem, was er für
uns
Zum Gestalter
in erster
Linie
ist:
der preussischen
Vergangenheit,
zum
Adels
Darsteller
des preussischen
und
bis
Grade auch zum einzum gewissen
ladenden
Zeitromanen.
Plauderer
in seinen
(Ibid.,
devotes
Knorr
to
several
a comparison
Tales
and,
in
forming
Fontana's
Following
of
Fontane's
the
debt
context
influence
Fontane
Scott
in
the
Scott's
from
of which
Fontane
typical
Fontane,
instance,
the
Methode"
takes
on the
presentation
of
anachronistic
the
where
(the
remarkable,
name" as a central
providing
an essential
Fontana's
perception
"Scotts
Schottland
in
profound
and
general,
Demetz
more apparent.
and theory
of historicism,
138
(and borrow)
learn
so much.
Scott,
which
are
the
commentator),
Ort"
folklore
the
figure,
vantage
of Scott's
hisbrisch
as the
to
in
be found
of
the
the
choice
of
neither
point
for
treatment
unknown and the
both
of
"grüne
neutrality
a fictional
heroic
the
(a seemingly
so-called
the
or uncanny),
dialect,
use of
setting
and legend,
inclusion
obscure
deliberate
and the
the
comparatively,
"die
position
as mediator,
(by which the narrator
character
unvertrauter
predominate),
narrator
nated
"ein
Formen des
work
novel
analysis
narrator's
dramatic
of
world
unexpected,
Stellen"
role
the
his
novel,
historical
of
depicting
of
a vital
a detailed
narrative
European
was to
features,
szenische
the
technique
narrative
He indicates
for
in
novels
Fontane's
becomes all
particular,
to
"romantic".
historical
modern
debt
played
Demetz provided
contemporary
had on the
discusses
both
Peter
study
In viewing
of
of
concept
Scott
that
and second
and the Waverley
Minstrelsy
fact
essay
Fontane's,
stressing
the
to Scott's
(1964).
Realismus
in
Knorr's
Scott
Fontane's
as the
as well
importantly,
most
to
two writers,
of a Grandfather
novels
räle
the
of
first
pages
p. 114)
1,
vol.
nor
narrator
historical
of
"uncontamihistoric,
yet
139
and reader.
Scotland
-
gesehen, der exemplarisch
unver(Demetz, p. 34)
traute
Ort der neuen Romantradition"
led
him to
a new perception
light
of his own Mark Brandenburg
and in this
ist,
200.
Demetz refers
to
to
Loch Leven/Rheinsberg
the
the Wanderungen.
was complex
and stylised;
in
documentation
background
this
to
his
historical
Also
the
carefully
most part
140
time.
in
Scott
the
chosen,
influence
and from
his
Since
neither
too
distant
who learnt
on Fontane,
subject-matter,
Knorr's
the
subject
attention,
especially
in
light
of
of
Hans-Heinrich
English,
142
(1968),
of
Scotland
to
to
closest
19th
(Op.
Century"
Fontane
heart,
finest
cit.
reviews
translation
of
Tweed.
Notes
Victoria's
Jenseit
on Travel
he wrote
of
the
Scottish
Inhabitants'
to contemplate
146
by Knorr.
pages
in
).
At a time
for
As if
of
Fontana's
debt
to attract
Fontane
studies
in
Scotland,
only
had been included.
translation
One third
of
for
'Times
the
In
importance
the
of
answer
in
1858.144
Ha ison's
Fontane.
to
was
des Tweed
Jenseit
in
British
this,
writings
first
the
1965 as Across
the
Previously
Journeys
the
of
when German interest
in
'Vic-
history
and its
Fontana's
time
this
at
German literature
des Tweed appeared
days by Theodor
writings
the
technique
publications.
from
more of
had been Dorothy
early
vital
his
appeared
landscape
travel-books
English.
into
translation
in
its
and the
he calls
was reviving,
be translated
novels,
two major
also
work
"Scotland,
Fontana's
the
English
narrative
a number of
Fontane:
make up one of
to
the
concerning
new Fontane
(1964)143
Sasse writes
of
Visitor'
torian
between
has continued
Supplement'
Literary
close
Der frUhe Fontane (1967)
and
141
(1968).
H. C. Sasse's study,
Fontane
Fontana's
as did
too
nor
NUrnberger's
Reuter's
in
from
examination
novels
Helmuth
was for
novels
Scotland.
historical
1960's,
his
fictional
to be an undeniably
to Scott's
the
by the
individual
the
much both
namely,
the
motivation,
(the
elements
to dissimilarities
and Demetz'
study
Romantic
set
he sees Scott
Vor dem Sturm,
character
Scott
of
history
of
historical
this
which
evaluation
foaword
meticulous
and secondly
Demetz points
in'his
over
Ort")
in
period
Although
and Fontane
especially
by the
firstly
and"unvertrauter
"non-hero".
care
for
the
treatment
believing
notes,
explanation
countered
Stellen"
"grüne
he took
while
be essential
is
reality
Scott's
Demetz shows that
in
passage
to
the
only
England
1844 - 1859 (1939);
'The Scottish
Highlands
and their
145
Fontana's
own unwillingness
of
his
writings
Ein Sommer in
had been alluded
London was admitted
to
by
201.
Fontane
himself
reveals
in
to
his
be translation
Fergusson
be idle
of
he recognises
his
times
the
such as the
instead
form
have viewed
feuilleton
the
to
sights
of
journal,
but
have written,
that
Fergusson
is
Fontana's
of
should
and it
history
effect
by
same
a common travel
might
social
of
Nürnberger
to the
and Reuter
subject
formative
further
added
to
special
the
years,
valuable
naturally
features
the
of
the
of
subject
state
In
and Scotland.
Fontane
of
on the young writer
150
He reviews
work.
Nürnberger's
predominantly
research
his
in
-
As
bibliography.
regards
and
provides
a
useful
knowledge of contemporary
German works on Britain,
overdue
Nürnberger
fahrten,
as Pückler-Muskau
as well
Carus
those
Besides
writer.
Nürnberger
he is
lications
Meysenbug.
Schopenhauer,
(including
others
to
view
the
Ein
of Raumer,
152
Nürnberger
become a true
agrees
and Lewald,
already
writings
Raumer,
Weerth,
Heine,
with
"Englandkenner".
in
Karl
Knorr
to by others
in
the
with
Friedrich
light
Rivinus,
that
Fontane
As regards
above,
Rodenberg
and
Marx,
to
the
pub-
Carus
was eventually
Jenseit
the
of
151
reference
Heinrich
he
either
mention
'Memoirenliteratur'),
London
that
concludes
referred
British
emigres'
Sommer
but
he does not
since
writers
Fontana's
discusses
of Johanna
Engels,
nor
und Welt-
Spaziergänge
he knew Mundt's
that
presumes
knew neither
later
angle
At the
many ways true
was natural
appreciates
on Fontana's
influence
Fontana's
and
of
information
concentrating
works
of
tourists
It
the
that
would
books are,
"romantic"
regular
not
fellow
episodes.
from
was in
not
style.
background
opinion
is
work
his
he also
The studies
in
of
work
that
credit
the
of
of
the
the
and as such "it
travel
149
p. xv).
Fontane
although
visiting
majority
a series
British
that
is
the work
as all
(Fergusson,
and
was unreliable,
that
Scotland
limited,
author"
as a tourist
Scotland,
is
Having
was inaccurate
life
concluding
in
Fontane
it
that
its
in
Chambers.
history
of Scottish
point
about
to complain
personality
time
his
but
or Robert
Scottish
of
portrayal
makes a relevant
Scotland,
about
the
his
James Fergusson
148
Tweed,
Jenseit
much of
the
Scott
either
knowledge
Fontana's
furthermore,
that,
from
as Sir
and,
to Across
introduction
des Tweed was cribbed
shown that
147
des Tweed,
and
to
it
202,
was deliberately
Like
of
Fergusson,
NUrnberger
Scottish
the
the
visited
he followed.
of
Nürnberger
the
in
the
rather
did
want
not
together
coming
also
The fact
that
future
Fontane's
shaping
friendship
Lepel,
with
the
direct
history
the
Britain,
is emphasised by Reuter.
156
Fontane,
Reuter brings
together
literary
influences,
He even refers
that
the
Reuter
by his
looks
Fontane's
at
literature.
travel
its
to.
level
Anschaulichkeit
Vol.
1,
Fontane
that
ture,
the
this
a new brand
to
the
his
Scotland
on Fontana's
in
subject
shown that
work.
the
previous
knowledge
and plot
in
of
C6cile,
immediately
objek...
Fontane,
to
seem to apply
goes on to make, namely
anecdote
"gesunde
travel
litera-
brings
life
to
and history
Romantik".
the
influence
of
Jolles
had further
examined
160
in which she had
year,
Scotland
Allerlei
contempor-
literature
(Reuter,
new as regards
narrative
an article
Fontana's
character
Scott's
of
skills
as presenting
work
to
subjectivity
159
tour.
Fontane
adds nothing
study
light
travel
and reality,
for
admiration
the
of
Scottish
ballad
whose true
158
Later
"Unbefangenheit
that-Reuter
fact
Reuter examines
157
showing how Lepel's
Dichte"
may not
point
dead and juxtaposes
Sasse's
of
the
brought
does apply
and reveals
the
While
des Tweed,
Jenseit
Romantic
its
and the
1850's.
in
his
and Scott.
Lermontov
Fontane's
und realistische
316).
p.
late
other
the
writings
impartiality,
of
tive
travel
in
He regards
a marked contrast
through
friend
influence
Scottish
on Fontane,
effect
the
book of
important
some length,
had a great
recognised
first
to'Shakespeare
for
in
namely
and the
extraction.
at
but fulfil154
Finally,
des Tweed in
years,
the
admiration
Lepel
with
route
importance
utmost
In the
ballad
was of Scottish
personality
were only
the
Fontane's
relations
stronger
ary
to
Russian
Fontana's
from
tourist
Jenseit
of
all
Fontane
and poetry.
membership
of
which
the
'Vormärz'
'Tunnel'
significance
experience,
were of
during
in
essay.
true
with
reception
factors
three
the
than
of
comments on the
155
Germany and Britain.
both
that
intensity
history,
Fontane
Shakespeare
the
appreciates
lay
journey
scenes
ment through
like
romanticised,
153
is
in aspects
revealed
Glück (for which Fontane
had originally
the character
conceived
of Frauds as being from an
"englisch-schottischer
(where Pastor
Familie"),
and even Der Stechlin
161
Lorenzen pays homage to the achievements
In
of James Watt).
Phillips'
addition,
article
on James Morris
shows that Fontane
discussed
Scotland
and Scott
with
the
London
doctor.
162
203.
The research
now been raised
with
varying
Fontana's
Tales
to
aspects
relationship
fact
of
he portrayed
A 1976 study
of little
to Britain
proves
awkward
in
from
A landmark
its
with
first
Erler.
tributed
Erler
entity.
later,
that
been intended
for
inclusion
in
Both
also
include
the
editions
Fontana's
Crier
original
points
it
rendered
essay
ing
Scottish
depth
very
consolidates
Fontane
with
out
of
that
for
different
Stuart,
knowledge
Macbeth,
seldom
first
to view
Fontana's
the
edited
and
displayed
critics
over
in
in
lecture
place.
Tweed,
form
Erler's
had discussed
decades
by fellow
intended
Jenseitdes
text.
thorough
and Ossian.
its
As regards
its
that
the
with
solely
had originally
it
latter
Fontana's
gained
a facsimile
Highlands.
of
by Gotthard
as a literary
puts
aware
1974
in
have con-
deal
effect
rest
former
Scott
which
a comparison
editors
to
on the
was well
namely
and history,
Both
work
essay
much of what
Fontanes,
Loch Leven chapter
the
from
Theodor
Drude edited
including-the
Fontane
and Scotland,
culture
Maria
plan
settings
Fontane's
remain
volume,
and its
the
Century
des Tweed arrived
Otto
of 1860.
165
the
conception
reveals
aim is
the
view.
1979,
in
edition
its
were to
Jenseit
of
of
particular
18th
recent
as a single
introductions,
des Tweed,
of
ambivalent
in
Marx and Engeb,
of
history
the
first
useful
Jenseit
light
the
its
since
and
misinterpretation
England-Reisen
Die
his
to
history,
which
many points
years
the
of
the
republication
Four
edition
in
in
here,
relevance
visits
of
above novels,
by Hadi,
his
treatment
and fiction
in the
164
favourites.
is
Scott's
of
Fontana's
The Antiquary
points
and to
Bowman dis-
stresses
of Midlothian,
novels
Three
163
Grieve,
deal
and Thomas considering
Grieve
she also
have
points
on Fontane,
background
Alexis.
a Grandfather;
major
and Scotland.
influence
The Heart
the Waverley
the
Thomas and Heide
and its
towards
Waverley,
of
attitude
of Scott's
1844 journey
for
certain
Bowman, Lionel
position
fondness
to Fontane
regard
aspects
the
cussing
the
with
by Derek
articles,
1970 has shown that
since
knowledge
regardof
of
preoccupation
This
gave him a
tourists:
Die Solidität
seines Wissens unterschied
ihn sehr wohl von jenen Tausenden TouristMode folgend,
en, die, einer literarischen
204.
auch ihren Scott gelesen hatten
und sich
nun Jahr um Jahr durch Ruinen und über
Schlachtfelder
Sein
fUhren liessen.
Wunsch, das Land Maria Stuarts,
Macbeths
und der Lady of the Lake von Angesicht
zu
sehen, war tiefer
und die Fahrt
motiviert,
in
nach Edinburg wurde ihm zum Aufbruch
Provinz.
eine poetische
(Erler,
p. 377)
is
much truth
in
this
Fontana's
knowledge
of
Scotland
There
and did
seem superficially
perspective
by Scott
presented
extend
and,
to a lesser
and Schiller.
unusually
literary
of
familiarity
an unaccustomed
the
same time,
additional
source
brought
but
latest
the
Fontane
never
tempting
Ossian
of
ready
Erler
Fontane
Scotland,
"his"
is
to visit
there
the
only
past.
In other
in
the
fashion
of Scott's
"gesunde
and imagination,
skill
from
that
Scotland
few visual
were
Fontane
words,
fact
on the
open to him was to
path
.
on Fontane.
influence
one specific
its
with
Further,
material.
concentrate
- and since
the
poetic
to
right
to
with
source
that
to believe
hard
only
him,
with
Tourist'
'Picturesque
romantic
wanted
Scotland
"romantic"
is
to
had not
Reisestudien
at
yet
have access
Lepel
journey.
and it
the
included
notes),
he did
be seen as an important
can scarcely
outset
to Scotland,
Guide
this
with
historical
Ullrich's
of
once consulted
wealth
Nonetheless,
the
instalments
Black's
also
his
during
Shakespeare
degree,
undoubtedly
or not,
it
he needed
material
knowledge
might
historical
the
familiar
Scott's
with
whether
beyond
really
He was certainly
(and
his store
material
as it
as thorough
was not
not
had indicated,
as Fergusson
and yet,
- the
new life
bring
Scotland
a romantic
recreated
of
remains
Romantik",
and since
he avoided
the
he did
trap
so
of sentiment-
ality.
on the
In commenting
work
the Wanderungen
development
the
Erler
chapter
much quoted
and the
of
the
(Ibid,
Mark,
'Von
p.
journalist
of
des Tweed in
bis
between
the
Fontana's
and writer
less
to attach
Edinburg
and more to
development
Jenseit
Fontana's
Fingerübung"
for
as "eine wichtige
166
387),
but in the light
of Fontana's
chooses
comparison
of
sees it
as an historical
feuilleton',
in
Erler
as a whole,
place
Stirling',
the
Forth
of
importance
where
in
literary
technique.
'Reise-
to the
Fontane
and Scotland
manifestation
the
Jenseit
passage
draws
and the
the
Havel
des Tweed
He sees
the
205.
key passage
in
Fontane
admits
Scotland,
in
Jenseit
to
uses to
bring
anxious,
too,
his
to
humour,
thus
and legend
the
the
all
literature,
Schopenhauer
the
of
should
style
to
it
exploit
and presentation
Fontane,
his
original
plan
1858 had been for
Above all,
to research
English
in
the
well
of
travel
in
as
Heine,
of
the
the
for
light
to
Pennant,
the
chapters
and from
because
the
Cray,
Fontane
that
for
treatment
information
original
1859 to
Friedrich
Fontana's
by Fergusson's
at
contemporary
des Tweed
and Boswell,
German works
provides
Lady Grange,
167
and Elze.
story
history
first
as
on Britain
He also
by Fontane
their
was
which
dimension
see Jenseit
des Tweed,
summer
expense.
prompted
the
that
for
the
historical
Johnson
on the
of Jenseit
in
the
of
to look
of
in
a plan
and Rodenberg.
gathers
reception
mehr
nicht
Drude notes
Lapel
with
contemporary
PUckler
of
of
nature
natural
this.
of
works
and a search
and to
Drude
1860,
was also
German critic
Finally,
in
it
Evidently
of Scotland
of
the
individual
the
at Salzbrunn,
by Chambers and then
form
history
with
tradition
existent
was "durchaus
a holiday
first
individual
does
marked
can be seen as a wish-fulfilment
as given
the
with
comparisons
des Tweed with
415),
p.
first
Defoe,
comparison
and critical
it
assesses
the
to
journey
des Tweed.
Schopenhauer,
a textual
often
subtle
Fontane
disappointments,
comments add a useful
accounts
context
is
stresses
of Scotland
favour
on Jenseit
is
Erler
but
a spa vacation
Drude's
Drude
remarks,
readers.
to his
was prerequisite
visit
in
Fontane
journalistically,
Scottish
abandoned
das Verborgene,
which
Jenseit
1858(Drude,
the
only
singling
experience
debt
a Scottish
although
of
and
on the
his
he also
but
While
in
want
Fontana's
and Elze,
sensationell"
Erler
comparison,
draw effective
comparing
work.
Erler
more easily.
Drude emphasizes
travel
"romantic"
the
and Drude commenting
despite
him to
enabling
where
Both
Besondere,
close
present,
point
of
and personal
matter
that,
note
ignore
completely
"das
anecdote
subject
the
Chapel'.
use of
389),
p.
description,
of
not
skilful
(Ibid,
das Unalltägliche"
mixture
Anthony's
to extract
ability
be rather
misconception
Gang nach St.
on Fontana's
Fontane's
out
Continental
the
'Ein
Drude remark
des Tweed to
of
of
from
the
the
publication
appearance
in
publication
republication
of
of
book
the
206,
Ein Sommer in London in
work with
lation
by Brian
it
1974.168
in
edition
is
Battershaw
Drude's
1900 to the
1965 and Erler's
in
As a reprint
edition
the
of
publications
'Zu den Beziehungen
article,
(1980),
Fanny, Lewald'
offers
valuable
to
the
of
aspects
Fontane,
Voigt169
both
the
writes
of
and notes
Elze's
the
Fontane's
'Deutsches
personal
to a further
Graf
von Moltke.
The final
bei
is
whose second
letters
volume
Hochland
schottische
selection
of
original
convenience
a textual
of
source
while
dealing
gives
full
recognition
seiner
He writes
of
the
wider
subject
to the
of
des Tweed,
Wanderjahre"
Swinemünde
influences,
Mary Queen of Scots,
the
certain
'Die alten
Scott',
In
used in
"sie
tribute
this
study
essay,
Scotland
wurde
to
as
171
Fontane's
of
to Fontane.
zu einem. letzten
Wanderungen,
importance
and a
und England',
'Fontane
of
British
80),
'Das
namely,
introductory
importance
Fontane
Prince',
'John
also
Hermann
(1979
Jenseit
Reuter's
reference.
drew atten-
Fontane's
of
and 'Walter
170
and translations.
is
the
1850's,
material,
essays,
it
in
regarding
Balladen'
edition
Reuter
in. the
und Schottland
writes:
(Reuter,
visit
Höhepunkt
this
the
with
Scottish
especially
of
verse
the
and
own work
George Gillespie's
edition
Bewohner',
und seine
the
to
des Tweed
his
significance
much Scottish
includes
und schottischen
true
Jenseit
of
She also
und Engels',
to Scotland
England
durch
1983,
Kurth-
work.
together
Moltke
Reuter's
to Scotland,
relating
englischen
of
Hans-Heinrich
Wanderungen
writings,
how well
Lapel
of
Fontane
Jenseit
of
in
Fontane,
the
and
on
history
from
accept
later,
German visitor
contribution
and Scotland
a letter
at
Fontane
man.
publication
when reviewed
Two years
Englandbild
tion
pleasure
Joachim
importance
society
reception
each other
Museum'.
'Das
essay,
critical
study.
information
and the
of
contents
Theodor
background
on the
present
mention.
zwischen
who he hoped would
favourable
complemented
Of the
the
revealing
the
and as a Berlin
German
1860 publication,
deserve
writers
information
Costenoble
publisher
the
as a friend
adds to
des Tweed in
both
of
character
trans-
separate
original
also
Krueger's
English
first
has been used for
which
A few more recent
first
1,
vol.
love
Scott
of
p.
6).
history,
throughout
207.
Fontana's
life
climax
the
of
'Archibald
with
along
'Tunnel'
in
he comments,
Copenhagen
Edinburgh
Manteuffel
different
the
papers,
liberal
which
(Kreuz-)
this
at
Scottish
the
Two reviews
of Reuter's
172
Jolles
view.
add a final
letters
the
on British
letter
information
at
the
reassure
indeed
the
the
British
Clearances
title
and the
the
collection
and plagiarisms
he also
reader
to trace
cation
for
of
three
the
evidence
for
whom travel
aid
to
on the
the
of
Reuter's
firstly,
overwhelming
the
Fontana's
to
serves
Fontane
in
must
Scotland,
the
famines,
potato
collection
his
ballad
the
and thirdly,
the
on the
of
on Britain,
the
affords
conclusions,
significance
adventure,
a
discrepancies
as a compilation
and appreciating
of
of
He welcomes
whatever
was an inner
mastery
source
pronouncements
development.
outsider,
understanding
Fontana's
Fontana's
reasons;
an intelligent
particular
superficiality,
opportunity
Fontana's
in
that
the
and Dolles,
press,
conditions
ignore
him.
Fontana's
of
fact
this
of
social
the
much of
the
approves
was a vital
des Tweed
not
reveals
of
underline
Prawer wishes Reuter had chosen
173
he considers
himself.
Yet while
poverty.
by Fontane
approved
lack
and the
painting
did
to
serves
role
journalistic
public
by Prewar
the
regrets
aware of
press
Fontana's
publication,
Jenseit
of
shows the
alone
must have afforded
Reminder
the
'Neue
journey
time.
reader
Zeitung'),
also
which
quite
Presse-
perhaps
Times',
have been well
since
that
portrait
on 'The
in
play
three
ultra-Conservative
fact
situa-
up his
für
'Preussische
This
and it
time
which
release
had to
unusual
he had given
for
in
city
the
Centralstelle
that
opinion
most beautiful
stresses
the
1854 with
on Fontana's
after
and the
Zeitung'.
tact
political
activities
the
Zeit'
ballads,
of
he was writing
of the
(later
Zeitung'
'Vossische
Preussische
himself
paper
'Die
angelegenheiten,
too,
Reuter
March 1856;
in
post
found
success
was the
Furthermore,
Fontane
which
his
being
years
the
to
attraction
Douglas';
Europe.
Northern
tion
and work and his
the
of
publithe
views
secondly,
past
to
as
Fontane,
as an important
influences
which
one hand and the
shaped
social
novel
other.
The above
to Scotland
survey
was not
reveals
immediately
that
the
evident
extent
of
to critics,
Fontana's
debt
who have only
208.
gradually
literary
direct
historical
hitherto
has become all
the
the
context
hitherto
picture
19th
aim of
both
of
Century.
has been fully
the
of
unpublished
writings
study
and also
Neither
of
in
the
goal
these
the
in
the
aspects.
above critical
and the
a vital
of more and
has been revealed,
Jenseit
the
work
accounts
of
Fontane's
played
content
to place
German travel
as a tourist
ballad
As regards
is
beyond
itself
visit
As the
present
examined
went
career.
unresearched,
Scotland
forms
art
more evident.
contemporary
mostly
of
the
influences
Scottish
the
artistic
Fontane's
Tweed,
the
his
the
with
and that
shaping
more of
this
links
novel
in
part
Scottish
that
recognised
of
in
the
of-Scotland,
wider
first
des
socio-historical
six
Jenseit
studies.
decades
of
des Tweed
209.
NOTES
1.
Pseudonym Friedrich
August
2.
Eg. Niemeyer
Meidinger
3.
to which all diseases
The Brunonian
according
system of medicine,
from an excess of excitement
or the opposite,
was
stem either
John Brown (c. 1735 - 1788), who
founded by the Scottish
doctor
had served as assistant
to Cullen in Edinburgh.
4.
Some sources
5.
Cf.
6.
See Houben,
7.
in Penicuik,
from 1810 to
Paper Mill
The Valleyfield
which,
1814, was requisitioned
by the Government and fitted
up for
(see
Groomes
6,000
the reception
French
prisoners
of
Ordnance Gazetteer
of Scotland).
See Raumer (1835),
p. 326 and Niemeyer p. 100.
8.
9.
p.
99,
August
Oxford
p.
Briefe,
p. 198
1806.
state
Thomas Mann's
Schulze.
account
of
them in
Lotte
in Weimar.
146.
Gottlieb
is mistakenly
entered
Companion to German Literature
(1767
as Alfred's
(p. 581).
uncle
in
the
who had been murdered
10.
Widow of Lord William
Russell
by his valet
Courvoisier.
11.
Not 1795 as given
12.
Consultation
Moscheles'
derivation
Op. 57:
Op. 63:
Op. 75:
13.
Carus reports
im Jahre 1844
In his England und Schottland
on
their
during
featured
two instances
stay in
when Mendelssohn
dinner
London;
firstly
at Buckingham Palace, when
at a royal
Mendelssohn's
and secondly
at a Philharmonic
music was played,
(Carus,
Concert they attended
Mendelssohn
was conducting
at which
Later he was to describe
chs. XI & XXI respectively).
improvisation
in his Lebenserinnerungen
Mendelssohn's
brilliant
(vol. 3, book 8, pp. 159 & 192
3).
-
14.
This was written
1909.
15.
Friedrich
languages
--1840),
in ADB.
list
of works given in Charlotte
of the complete
biography
many of Scottish
of her husband reveals
or influence,
viz:
ecossais
favoris
1.
P.
Fantasie
trois
sur
airs
p.
Introduction
p. P, at Car
concertants
et Rondeau-ecossais
über schottische
Anklänge aus Schottland.
Fantasie
Nationallieder
für das Pianoforte
oder
mit Orchester
Quartett.
ecossais,
des
Bardes
Op. 80:
Fantasie
des
p. 1. P.
sur
airs
avec orchestra.
in Leipzig.
In addition
All the above were published
were two
Rondo üb. eine bel. schottische
compositions
without
opus nos.,
both works for the piano.
Melodie & Six Ecossaises,
by Klingemann's
son Karl
in
Rosen, 1805 - 37, from 1828 professor
in London.
at Kings College
his
book published
of
oriental
210
16.
Pulszky,
for instance,
to
refers
Briefe
in Meine Zeit mein Leben,
17.
Carl
Gustav
Carus,
incidentally,
(see
in London nine
later
years
18.
Kriegsgeschichten,
Reisen
Aus den
und Dichtungen.
lassenen
Papieren
des Freiherrn
von Hallberg-Broich.
über
biographischen
Skizzen
den Verfasser.
Hrsg.
Mt. Baron KUnssberg-Thurnau,
1862.
Landshut,
hinterMit
von
19.
The reference
to
Broich,
published
Hallberg-
20.
Heine,
21.
According
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Werke,
to
of
Weimar,
Bremische
Raumer's
met Mrs. Austin
when he was
Carus,
Part
1, ch. XXVIII).
Gistel
to the biography
refers
in 1863, by J. Gistel.
Volksverlag
the
the popularity
p. 149:
1957,
Biographie,
of
2, p.
vol.
223.
but
Harvard.
presumably
(1798
She married
1891)
Graf Hermann Wilhelm von Baudissin
in 1846 and her son was to become the Berlin
theologian,
Wilh.
Friedr.
Graf von Wolf.
See Carus'
Kohl's
Reisen in England u. Wales
account of reading
before landing
himself
in England.
ill,
Carus, already
was
made to feel more so by Kohl's
chilling
account of conditions
(Carus,
in Manchester
its
England und Schottland,
and
prison.
I).
chapter
'was
He was to be delighted
his
born on Shakespeare's
when
son
birthday,
23rd April,
in 1817 and equally
pleased,
years later,
(see Lebenserinbirthday!
when a grandson was born on Goethe's
I. p. 192).
nerungen,
vol.
(1722
C. von Kugelgen,
the painter
1820).,
In his memoirs, while expounding
the view that very few men
Shakespeare
their
he cites
can ever transcend
nationality,
(Carus,
Lebento the rule
as the sole British
exception
IV, p. 52)
serinnerungen,
vol.
27.
Edited
1972.
28.
On the lives
Heinrich,
of his three uncles and father,
Kbstlin's
in ADB, vol.
Also
XVI (1882).
own articles
(1930).
Köstlin,
Das Buch der Familie
Köstlin
29.
See bibliography
30.
Steinhauer
in 1837, to a
also mentions
a similar
refusal
by name of Heide (Steinhauer,
it
is
clothier
p. 8)
not
(Lewald,
from Fanny's own account
Lebensgeschichte,
clear
Part 1, p. 244) whether
these two incidents
vol. II,
were
in fact one and the same.
31.
She gives a fine description
(see Lebensgeschichte,
vol.
32.
As a leader
of the Democratic
Germany after
1848.
by Dorothea
Kuhn,
in
Verlag
Lambert
Schneider,
Heidelberg,
see
Maria
Steinhauer.
of-Mendelssohn
III,
pp. 201 Left,
in
2).
performance
Simon was forced
to leave
211.
Fanny Lewald1932.
See Gdhler,
Grossherzog
Stahr
in ihren
Briefen,
34.
from Johanna Kinkel
to Fanny Lewald,
See letter
of 25.11.1851
nach dem Leben, pp. 13 - 14.
quoted by Lewald in Zwölf Bilder
(1793 - 1865), who had translated
Zur Farbenlehre
in
Goethe's
in 1855.
1840 and who became Director
Gallery
of the National
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
39a.
40.
und
Berlin,
Rellstab,
too, occasionally
wrote under a pseudonym
Freimund Zuschauer.
Wolfgang Adolph Gerle (1781 - 1846) was editor
of the 'Prager
known
1819.
He
him
in
Zeitung'
Rellstab
was
visited
when
throughout
the German-speaking
and
world both as a journalist
works,
author of many diverse
and entertaining
as the prolific
to
tales
fairy
from popular
comedies to tragedies,
musical
Of
fiction.
and geographical
and historical
novels,
here are his topographical
interest
and historical
particular
transhis
German
Prague
Bohemia
to
all
above
and
and
guides
L'Angleterre,
Britain,
Great
tour
lation
Georg
Depping's
of
of
Histori
ou Description
ue du Ro aume Uni de la Grande1824),
(6
Paris,
Orn6e
de
Bretagne
et vues
vols.
cartes
...
...
(3
1824).
Pesth,
Depping
Irland,
Grossbritannien
vols.,
nach
und
This work went through more than one edition
and was widely
the German-speaking
world.
read throughout
The first
settings
seven songs of Schubert's
of verse by Rellstab.
'Schwanengesang'
are
(pp.
2
63 - 112) deals
volume
(1794
"Griechenmüller".
1827),
-
The whole of chapter
7 of
Wilhelm Müller
von Dessau
Possibly
Karl der Kühne, which
in 1824?
which was published
41.
42.
Carl
1848
Alexander
1889,
-
33.
Scott's
translate
Empfindsame
he had worked
Leipzig,
Reisen,
on in
Novelists
with
)ean Paul
1821 and
in
1826.
1836
1837
Leipzig,
2 vols.,
Neue Empfindsame
Reisen,
1842
Leipzig,
Reise
Berichte
und Gedichte,
Sommermährchen
in Reisebildern
aus Deutschland,
1851,
Schottland
im Jahre
England,
Frankreich,
1852.
Lange,
Darmstadt,
Belgien,
43.
to Aus meinem
Although
later,
in October 1860, in the 'Vorwort'
(presumably
favourably)
to write
Leben, he declared
his intention
two composers in the third
with the latter
of his association
however, were
which,
or fourth
volumes of the autobiography,
month.
since he died the following
never written,
44.
Later
Austrian
prime
45.
Later
director
of
46.
August
47.
minister.
the
Berlin
Akademie
(1822
from
1841.
78).
There is specific
mention of a Ludwig Karl von Kalckstein
(1725
1800),
General
Prussian
Field
Marshal
possibly
Moritz
von Kalckstein's
great-grandfather?
Petermann,
from
Gotha
212.
48.
See Theodor Fontane,
Von Zwanzig bis Dreissig,
together
with Edgar Bauer while
was also often
the 1850's.
49.
See Fontane,
Friedrich
Christian
(Berlin,
1840
1860
Berlin
bis
von
50.
by Maria Riehemann,
Reference
should be made here to a study,
Bernhard
been unable to consult:
which I have unfortunately
(Diss.,
Sein
Dichtungen
Lapel.
Leben
Münster,
und seine
von
1969),
1925
Theodor Fontane
Cited in Reuter,
reclam,
p. 249J .
51.
He was wounded at Waterloo.
p. 231.
52.
She had married
his uncle in
Lepel's
before
shortly
visit
53.
to marry the Prussian
Miss Atkins,
who died in 1848, was later
See Von Zwanzig bis Dreissig,
Carl Ludwig Rundt.
court painter
Also F/L Briefwechsel,
vol. 2, p. 229.
note to p. 285.
Miss Brown was later
to marry a British
sea captain.
54.
See Von Zwanzig
55.
56.
Scherenberg
1884).
See F/L
Fontane
p. 37.
in England in
Briefwechsel,
1834, only
that year.
Dreissig,
literarische
vol.
to be widowed
409 - 413.
See F/L Briefwechsel,
letter
2, pp. 243 f.,
vol.
of 4.11.1858,
where Miss Macpherson is referred
for
by German tongues?
ease of pronunciation
in the index as "Macferson".
bis
das
und
in
2,
1846,
pp.
'Vossische
Zeitung',
No. 259,7.6.1885.
F/L Briefwechsel,
2, pp. 380 - 386.
vol.
pp* 62 - 67.
Lepel to Emilie
to as "Macferthon"
Her name appears
in
Reprinted
Also FSW, vol.
XXI/2,
57.
Ein FreundschaftsTheodor Fontane und Bernhard v. Lepel.
had
letters
Petersen.
Briefwechsel,
Lepel's
ed. by Julius
Bernhard
Jahre.
in 1910 as Vierzig
been publisbed
already
1843 - 1883, ed. by Eva A.
von Lapel an Theodor Fontane
1910).
Fontane,
Friedrich
von Arnim (Berlin,
58.
See Reuter's
See below p.
59.
29.11.1865,
Fontana's
poetry,
review of Lepel's
Johanniter-Ordens-Ballei
Brandenburg',
Nr. 48,
60.
See below,
p.
61.
Von Zwanzig
bis
assessment
202
of
Lepel
in
Fontane,
1, pp.
vol.
170 - 177.
'Wochenblatt
der
pp. 280 - 281.
179
292 - 3.
279 on differences
Dreissig,
pp.
Ibid,
see note
Lepel's
ballad
63.
Irus:
name taken
by Wilhelm
64.
Quoted
in
Wanderungen,
65.
Especially
See bibliographies
Fontane as a novelist.
in Dolles,
Theodor Fontane (Metzler);
Nürnberger,
Theodor Fontane (rororo);
Fontane (1968) and Theodor Fontane
and Reuter,
rec]am .
to p.
writing.
Reuter,
Lübke
vol.
(1826
between
Fontana's
62.
93)
2, p. 313.
in
club,
and
'Ellora'.
213.
66.
On the association
of Fontane and Lepel with Waagen see
letter
to Lepel of 15.1.1850,
further
Fontane's
on the
(F/L
'Tunnel'
Briefwechsel,
Waagen
joining
the
possibility
of
September 1847, in
also Lepel to Fontane,
vol. 1, p. 240);
(Ibid,
Waagen
in
Berlin
It
he
p. 80).
which
records
meeting
acquainted
with
might be added that Lepel was also personally
(see Lepel to Fontane,
2,
December 1857, Ibid,
Titus Ullrich
vol.
(see
to the numerous
in addition
192).
Lewald;
Fanny
and
p.
Krueger's
Briefwechsel,
Lewald
in
F/L
to
article
on
references
Bekenntnis
Lewalds
'Fanny
Lewald,
Lapel's
zur
with
connections
Fanny Lewalds
Zu einem Brief
"Weltanschauung
der Realität".
(in
9)).
392
4,
5,1979,
Lepel'
FB,
Bernhard
pp.
vol.
pt.
von
an
-
67.
See below,
68.
These
& 84.
Written
in the years 1850,51,54,62,64,72,83
as'Autobiographiswith Von Zwanzig bis Dreissig
are published
XV, pp. 430 -444.
ches' in FSW, vol.
Freund
der unbekannte
See John Phillipps,
'James Morris,
Theodor Fontanes'.
69.
p. 179f.
and Note
88.
in
'England
and the English
pp. 150 - 154.
(Briefe,
11.2.1896
Gründler,
Ibid.
to Hertz quoted above
Letters
70.
See S. D. Stirk,
Theodor Fontane',
71.
Fontane to Ernst
letter
p. 531);
72.
See Meine
73.
by Knorr
The 'John Prince'-essay
first
was reproduced
(Theodor Fontane and England,
2, App. 2, pp. XXIff)
vol.
(Reuter,
1980
included
in
his
by Reuter
and also
publication
Wanderungen,
2, pp. 393ff).
vol.
74.
See'Von
75.
Ibid,
76.
C6cile,
77.
Of 1765 and 1802 -3
respectively.
In addition
Fontane had of course studied
See esp. Fontana
and Hume in some depth.
1, pp. 148 - 50.
F/L Briefwechsel,
vol.
See letter
from Fontane to Lapel,
of March
"den Black, einen
asks if he should return
(F/L
2,
Briefwechsel,
Karte"
vol.
schöne
78.
79.
Kinderjahre,
Zwanzig
bis
p.
64,
Dreissig,
and note,
p.
of
Hanser vol. 4,
pp. 112f).
199.
p. 141.
137.
p.
ch.
16 (FSW, vol.
4,
p.
219).
Brodie
the historians
22.11.1848,
to Lepel,
1860, in which he
Band Hume und die
p. 269).
p. 197
80.
See below,
81.
Drude,
82.
to below are to be found in the
The articles
referred
(in order of discussion):
journal
issues
21,
Kunstblattes
Nr.
'Literaturheft
des deutschen
,
18.10.1855,
pp. 85 -87;
für Deutschland',
'Literarisches
Zentralblatt
Nr. 51,
19.12.1857,
pp. 812 - 3;
Jenseit
des Tweed,
p.
435.
following
214.
Jg. 8, Nr. 49,2.12.1860,
'Bremer Sonntagsblatt',
Jg. 7, Nr. 10,6.3.1859,
Ibid,
p. 79;
pp. 387 - 90;
(=
'Zweite
Beilage
zur Königl.
Zeitung'),
8.1.1860;
Berlinischen
privilegirten
Nr. 6,7.2.1861,
Jg. ii,
Museum',
'Deutsches
pp. 206 Zentralblatt
für
Deutschland',
Nr. 3,
'Literarisches
19.1.1861,
p. 47;
Zeitung'
'Vossische
8;
1900,
Berlin,
Echo',
Jg. 2,1899
'Das Literarische
pp. 398 -401;
[article
'Theodor
30.12.1899
Journal',
'Dresdner
entitled
Fontane in England und Schottland']
;
30.12.1899;
Zeitung',
'Vossische
('Wissenschaftliche
Beilage'),
Zeitung',
'Leipziger
Nr. 11,25.1.1900,
p. 43;
17.3.1900;
'Die Zeit',
28.3.1900;
'Ostdeutsche
Rundschau',
29.4.1900;
Zeitung',
'Frankfurter
10.2.1900
Tageblatt',
'Leipziger
and 11.2.1900;
7.2.1900;
Journal',
'Frankfurter
July 1900, Nr. 526;
Illustrirte
Monatshefte',
'Westermanns
('Literaturblatt'),
22.2.1964
Zeitung'
'Stuttgarter
[article
Ein Modell
England-Bild.
'Fontanes
entitled
für die "Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg"']
.
83.
Full information
is given in Drude, pp. 420ff
and Reuter,
Wanderungen,
See also F/L Briefwechsel,
2, p. 558.
vol.
2, pp. 414 & 415ff,
völ.
notes 298 & 302.
84.
Lepel to
p. 262).
85.
Fontane,
6See above,
_
See Erler,
p. 390
28.8.1859
p. 170.
(F/L
Briefwechsel,
vol.
2,
86.
On Fontana's
see Kurth-Voigt,
with Costenoble
correspondence
des Tweed', pp. 666 - 8.
'Zu Fontanes Jenseit
',
he
for
Costenoble
his'-mistake
to
perhaps'came
realise
Vom Tweed zur Pentlandföhrde.
was to bring
out Richard Andrea's
Reisen in Schottland
six years later.
87.
Fontane letter
to Springer,
2, p. 559.
val.
88.
See F/L
British
quoted
in
Reuter,
Wanderungen,
302,
89.
2, pp. 415ff,
Briefwechsel,
vol.
lectures
and their
reception.
See Nürnberger,
Fontane (rororo),
p. 89.
90.
Kurth-Voigt,
91.
Drude,
92.
On Elze,
93.
See Fontana's
to Henriette
letter
of 3.4.1858,
von Merckel
Volume one would contain
in which he `outlines
this
plan.
"lauter
kurze Skizzen,
wie ich deren nachgerade
so viele
'Bilderbuch
habe"; entitled
geschrieben
aus England',
volume two would concern the British
press,
art and theatre,
Balladen,
'Englische
and volume three
alte
und neue,
(Quoted
übersetzt
Wanderungen,
in Reuter,
Th.
F.
'
I,
von
vol.
)
441.
p.
pp. 668ff.
See also
below,
note
on the
p. 206"
428 & 131 -3
1. p. 104f.
see vol.
pp.
215,
94.
Also
95.
See discussion
96.
Opening
edition
97.
Volume XVII
98.
See also Engel's
'Fontane
review,
14.4.1962.
Zeitung',
'Stuttgarter
99.
101.
Philologie',
XLVII,
In 'Zeitschrift
für deutsche
vol.
pp. 414 - 8.
Ein Führer
Die Meisterballaden.
Berries
von Münchhausen,
(Ist
Freude
edn. 1940, Deutsche Verlagsedn. 1923,10th
zur
Anstalt,
Stuttgart
& Berlin),
I. pp. 149 - 165;
also pp. 53 -58
See a further
discussion
des James Monmouth'.
of
on 'Lied
in Wege zum Gedicht
'Archibald
Douglas'
by W. D. Williams,
(München, Zürich,
1964), vol.
2, pp. 367 - 376.
The same
volume contains
an exposition
of 'Die BrUck' am Tay' by
Fritz
Martini,
Ibid,
pp. 377 - 392.
über seine Ballade
'Fontane
"Die Jüdin"'.
102.
See Kohler,
103.
Ibid,
pp.
104.
Ibid,
pp.
105.
(Conrad
Ibid,
18,
Wandrey, Theodor Fontane,
see note
p. -270
München, 1919)
Rodger, p. 58.
See also her article,
'A Reason for the
(MLR,
Inadequacy
the
Romantic
Kunstballade!
of
vol. LV,
1960, p. 371).
100.
106.
'Duna Zeitung'
by the
carried
in
Reuter,
Fontane,
of
1.3.1900.
1,
vol.
pp.
272f.
to volume one of the first
words of the foreword
of the Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg.
of
ch.
FSW.
4,
pp.
und England',
239ff.
244 - 252.
263ff.
107.
Der Verfall
und Fontane
108.
Spink discusses
Fontana's
misrepresentation
the latter
'Fontane's
poem in his article
in Westminster-Abtei"'.
109.
Quoted by Fontane in his Scott essay (Reuter,
Wanderungen,
2, p. 479).
Reuter himself
elaborates
vol.
on Schönemann's
also to Fontana's
of England
view, with reference
conception
Ibid,
I. p. 16.
as the land of Shakespeare,
vol.
110.
E. g. Jolles,
Theodor Fontane
Grieve,
'Fontane
und Scott',
111.
Jolles
Ibid,
112.
Ed. Petersen.
113.1L
Fontanes
discusses
pp. 80f.
See above,
Briefwechsel,
114.
Ibid.
115.
Jolles,
116.
Ibid,
Lapel
to
pp. 3ff
pp.
heldischen
Ballade
von Strachwitz
Diss.,
München, 1956).
des Gehaltes
der
zu den Epigonen
vol. I,
Fontane,
& 33ff.
46 - 7.
and England,
p. 301.
association
note
p.
in
of the facts
Scott
Poem: "Walter
pp.
158ff;
Morris,
with
57.
357.
3.8.1852,
vol.
2,
p.
21.
216,
117.
As expressed
in a letter
to Paul Heyse, 7.12.1859
(Quoted in Reuter,
2, p. 312).
Wanderungen,
vol.
118.
On English-Scottish
Scott,
on Walter
Ibid,
pp. 120ff.
119.
120.
has been examined above all by Demetz in
This subject
See below, p.
Formen des Realismus.
-199f.
Dolles,
p. 156.
121.
Ibid,
p. 98.
122.
Ibid,
p. 141.
123.
Evidgnpe that Fontane must have been well aware of the
to it in
Oxford Movement is to be found in references
letters
from Lepel (F/L Briefwechsel,
vol. 2, pp. 155 & 271).
124.
Sein Leben
bis Acht zig.
Theodor Fontane.
Von Dreissig
(Leipzig,
1959, München, 1970).
The
in seinen Briefen
had been apparent
importance
of Fontana's
correspondence
since the early
editions of Otto Pniower and Paul Schlenther,
(Fischer
1904) and Briefe
Briefe
Berlin,
an seine Familie
F
-have
1909).
Fischer,
Berlin,
an seine Freunde2
vols.
(vol.
2
Knorr
to
by
been unable to obtain
article
an
referred
Biblio.
II,
'Auf Fontanes
Ernst Schäffer,
p. LXXVII),
namely,
(In:
Spuren in Schottland'
Unterhaltungsbei'Welt und Wissen,
Knorr
lage der Berliner
Nr. 197,26.9.1925).
Bdrsen-Zeitung',
with Britain
also quotes further
studies
of Fontana's
relation
Hans Dieckmann
which I have not been able to consult,
viz:
(In.
Zeitung',
'Theodor
Fontane in England'
'Pharmazeutische
100,1955,
pp. 1027 - 9) Maximilian
v. Hagen 'Theodor Fontane
über England'; R. Hübner,
'Die BrUck' am Tay, eine Gedichtbe(In:
Schule',
1935, pp. 117 - 22);
handlung'
'Süddeutsche
die Bruck am Tay im
Richard Kunze, 'Fontanes
Ballade
(In:
1954, pp. 264 -72);
Unterricht'
'Der Lehrerrundbrief',
(In.
"Fontane
England und wir"
Bertha Witt
'Nord und Süd' 172,
(All
2,
March 1920, pp. 298 - 305).
quoted in Knorr vol.
)
Biblio.
II,
LXXV
LXXVII.
Reference
can also be made
pp.
Literatur
here to two articles
quoted in SchoIess,
von und
über Theodor Fontane:
Walter
Heynen, "Vom LiteratenTheodor
In: 'Preussische
Jahrbücher',
Fontane in London'
vol. 240,
1935, pp. 286 - 382)
and 'Wie Theodor Fontane das London von 1855 sah'
(In:
18.12.1939).
Zeitung',
'Beilage
zur Märkischen
(In:
England'
Also Schobess'
'Theodor
Fontane
own
and
1964, Heft 3, pp. 32 - 33).
'GDR Review',
See especially
'Fontane
und die englisch-schottische
Ac) pp. 74ff. and
Knorr,
Volksdichtung',
vol. 1, part II,
lOOff.
'Fontane
Scott'
Ibid.
Bc)
pp.
und
125.
126.
127.
ballad
Ibid,
pp.
poetry,
see Dolles,
pp. 97ff.,
101ff. and on Shakespeare,
Ibid,
Anhang 3, pp. LXVIff.
Later
See above, p. 175f.
pp. 497 - 9.
Elze's
in 1864;
work was published
in 1871.
work appeared in Leipzig
published
in
a 2nd edn.
his
FSW vol. XXI/1,
of
Eberty's
217.
vol. 2, Anhang 2, pp. Illff.
128.
Knorr,
129.
&
Darnley
The letters
are dated 21.8.1851
concerning
Edinburgh
21.8.1851
&
those concerning
26.10.1851,
(F /L Briefwechsel,
29.8.1851
pp. 365ff.,
vol. I, pp. 353ff.,
and pp. 389f. .
dated " Am Tage vor der
to Lepel,
Expressed in a letter
[i. e. 27.7.1851]
(Ibid,
1851",
Sonnenfinsterniss
vol. 1, p. 344).
130.
vol. 2,
131.
Knorr,
132.
See especially
p. 12
133.
39 - 41.
109,
85
88
&
25
28,
2,
footnotes
See Ibid,
pp.
vol.
Schlesinger.
Lewald
Bucher,
Meysenbug,
and
on
134.
Ibid,
vol. 1,
135.
Ibid,
pp.
136.
Ibid,
137.
to
This is in opposition
in his study Der Einfluss
Technik Theodor Fontanes
138.
See especially
Skizze eines
139.
On the above points,
36f., 37f, and 47ff.
140.
(with
its
telling
Demetz refers
in particular
to Waverley
discussion.
Years Since')
this
'Tis Sixty
during
subtitle,
the accuracy
Heide Grieve was later
to question
of Fontane's
in her
historicism
interpretation
of this aspect of Scott's
(see
203).
'Scott
Fontane'
below,
p.
article
und
life
Fontane's
to
by concise
Both works were followed
guides
that by Nürnberger
authors,
and work by their
respective
by rororo
in 1968, and that by Reuter published
published
by reclam in 1969.
An Introduction
to the Novels and Novellen.
Theodor Fontane.
141.
142.
Ibid,
vol. 1,
pp.
p. 42.
46 -7
p. 77.
Demetz,
Modells',
by Adolf Paul
the view put forward
Scotts
Walter
auf die epische
(Breslau,
1934).
Teil.
'Erster
pp. 17ff.
see ibid,
1.
pp. l7ff.,
Roman:
Der Historische
22ff.,
26ff.,
34f.,
143.
TLS, 16.1.1964,
edition
of
p. 43, a review of Dolles'
(FSW, vol.
A further
XVII).
Aus England und Schottland
123),
the
(TLS,
18.2.1965,
'Fontane
Sasse
by
and
p.
review
Demetz' Formen des
Critical
Context'
Realistic
concerned
Realismus.
144.
Translated
by Brian
inaccuracies.
several
145.
Harrison,
146.
See Knorr,
translate
147.
See Nürnberger,
Der frühe Fontane,
pp.
letters
to Fontane's
p. 189, referring
9.2.
& 13.2.1857.
142 cont.
later
Battershaw.
The translation
[below,
see
contains
150 - 171.
1, p. 16 on Mr. Collins,
whose offer
vol.
Ein Sommer in London was never taken up.
pp.
to
188f & note 33 to
to Emilie
of 1.7.1852,
to my notice
that
It has since been brought
by the author and his publisher.
withdrawn
this
work was
218,
148.
Fergusson,
149.
A point
Fontane (rororo),
taken up later
by Nürnberger,
In referring
to Fontane's
to Lapel
own statement
p. 87.
des Tweed was his "persönlichstes
Buch",
that Jenseit
insofern,
"Persönlich
Nürnberger
als er ein
adds:
Detailhistorisches
schier
und Anekdotenunerschöpfliches
auf die Vorkenntnisse
wissen fast ohne Rücksicht
und auf die
See also below
Aufnahmefähigkeit
der Leser ausbreitete".
pp. 203f.
150.
See especially
1.
Befund.
und erster
ch. 1 'Grundlagen
England und englische
Kultur
in Fontanes Entwicklung
2.
Frühe Begegnungen mit Sage, Geschichte
and Weltbild.
im Spiegel
des autobiographischen
und Zeitgeschichte
Exkurs:
Zum England4.
Romans "Meine Kinderjahre"
...
';
Bild der Deutschen und der Fontane-Literatur
ch. 2 ...
5.:.. Der Weg zu
4. 'Die erste
Reise nach England ...
Percy und Scott';
Reise ...
ch. 4 'Die Zweite Englische
der altenglischen
4 ... Wege zum Realismus unter dem Einfluss
5. Vorgeschichte
in England ...
Balladen';
and ch. 5 'Jahre
"Jenseit
des Tweed"'.
der Reise nach Schottland.
und Verlauf
151.
See ibid,
pp.
German writers
81 - 84 on the contrasts
on England and Fontane.
152.
See ibid,
186 - 192.
153.
Ibid,
p.
154.
Ibid,
pp.
155.
See ibid,
by Knorr and John
pp. 249 - 50 on the research
S. Andrews'
'The Reception
article,
of Fontane in 19th
(In:
1957,
Century Britain'
'Modern Language Review',
Andrews reveals
des Tweed was
that Jenseit
pp. 403 - 6).
in Britain.
not well received
156.
Reuter,
157.
Ibid,
ch. 7, 'Bernhard
Spree",
pp. 170ff.
158.
Ibid,
159.
On Jenseit
160.
"Und an der Themse wächst man sich anders aus
Jolles,
Zum
Stechlin".
Englandjnotiv
in Fontanes Erzählwerk'.
als am
161.
Ibid,
162.
See Phillipps,
diary entries
163.
164.
p.
pp.
xiv.
between
contemporary
232.
254?.
Fontane,
Bk. 2, ch. 6,
pp.
Bk. 1,
pp.
ch. 6, vol. 1, pp.
von
Lepel
und
der
160ff.
'Tunnel
über
der
314ff.
des Tweed see ibid,
pp. 318 - 21.
177 & 187.
p. 440,
to that
in which he refers
to
dated 5.4.1855
effect,
Fontane's
& 20.9.1858.
Bowman, 'Fontanes
Thomas,
erste Reise nach England';
Alexis';
'Theodor
Grieve,
'Fontane
Fontane und Willibald
Die Waverley-Romane
und Scott.
und Vor dem Sturm'.
See above,
Grieve
between
sees many similarities
p. 199f.
Vor dem Sturm
which,
as well
and The Antiquary,
as being
Scott's
least
most modern novel,
one of his
was also
successful.
Nonetheless,
it was important
to Fontane
as a bridge
(see Grieve,
between
the historical
and the contemporary
pp.
305ff. ).
219.
165.
Erler,
166.
A phrase
167.
Ibid,
pp.
168.
Ibid,
edition
(Ibid.,
pp. 431ff.
as a 1975
p. 434).
169.
See above,
170.
Notes
171.
Reuter,
172.
S. S. Prawer,
10.10.1980,
Pt. 8,1981,
173.
373 - 389 & Drude, pp. 411 - 435.
also used by Drude, p. 426.
pp.
to
415 -9&
Drude
mistakenly
refers
by Gottfried
publication
179ff.. and notes
pp.
vol.
428 - 430.
2
by Regine
Wanderungen,
vol. 1,
to Erler's
Erler
86 and 90.
Otto.
pp.
5-
43.
'A Prussian's
Impressions'
Jolles'
p. 1129);
review
pp. 737 - 9.
in particular
He points
to the
to, above,
von Merckel
referred
(In:
TLS.
in FB, vol.
letter
to Henriette
see note 93.
4,
220.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A.
the biographical
For ease of reference,
sources
to each traveller.
listed
separately,
according
of
information
are
GOEDE
Allgemeine
Biographie
J. S. & Gruber,
Ersch,
J. G.
Deutsche
(ed. ):
(Duncker & Humblot,
1875ff.
Leipzig,
[Hereinafter
to as ADB]
referred
Vol. IX (1879),
p. 314
Article
by Steffenhagen.
Allgemeine
und
schaften
Folge
Encyklopädie
Künste
von genannten
in
)
der Wissenalphabetischer
Schriftstellern
bearbeitet.
A-G. ", ed. Hermann
Sektion.
"Erste
(F. A. Brockhaus,
Leipzig,
Brockhaus,
1818-81)
"Zweite
Sektion.
H-N", ed. August
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1827 - 88)
Leskien,
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"Dritte
N-Z. " (F. A. Brockhaus,
1818-30)
Leipzig,
[Hereinafter
to as Ersch
referred
LXXII,
"Erste
Sektion",
Gruber)
vol.
Döring.
Article
by Heinrich
pp. 59-61.
Hamberger,
Georg
Christoph
& Meusel,
Johann
Georg:
Das Gelehrte
Teutschland
oder Lexikon
Schriftder Jetzt
lebenden
teutschen
(5th
& improved
edn.,
steiler
enlarged
M[Hereinafter
er, Lemgo,
Mausel. ]
Vol. XIII
Vol. XVII
Heinsius,
Wilhelm:
1796 - 1834)
to as Hamber er
referred
(1803),
(1820),
p. 478
p. 735.
Allgemeines
80cher-Lexikon
oder vollAlphabetisches
Verzeichniss
ständiges
aller
zu Ende 1856
von 1700 bis
in DeutschBücher
welche
erschienenen
Sprache
land
und
und in den durch
Literatur
damit
Ländern
verwandten
F. A. Brockhaus,
sind.
worden
gedruckt
1812 - 18858)
Leipzig,
[Hereinafter
Rotermund,
Wilhelm:
Heinrich
to as Heinsius,
referred
Vol. 2, "1700 - 1810, G-M" (1812),
p.
Gelehrtes
Hannover oder Lexikon
von
Schriftstellern
und Schriftstellerinnen,
Geschäftsmännern
gelehrten
und
Künstlern
der Reformation
die seit
in
der sämtlichen
und ausserhalb
zum
jetzigen
Königreich
Hannover
gehörigen
Provinzen
haben und noch leben,
gelebt
Schriftstellern
aus den glaubwürdigsten
zusammen getraoen
72
Schünemann, Bremen,
vols.,
Vol. 2 "F-K",
p. 141.
1823)
140.
221.
FRANK
ADS:
Vol. VII
(1878),
Addph
Callisen,
Peter:
Carl
Also
pp. 257 - 8.
pp. 254 -7&
258 -9
Peter
Frank &
on Johann
All
Ludwig
Frank.
three
articles
A. Hirsch.
by
Schriftsteller-Lexicon
Medicinisches
Aerzte,
lebenden
Wundärzte,
der jetzt
Apotheker
Geburtshelfer,
und Naturforscher
Völker
aller
gebildeten
1-25, Copenhagen, 26-33
Vols.
Altona,
1830 - 1845)
"Nachtrag",
[Hereinafter
to as Callisen]
referred
Vol. VI (1831),
pp. 432 -441
"Nachträge",
Vol. XXVIII,
pp. 101 - 3.
August
Hirsch,
(ed. ):
Lexikon
Biographisches
Ärzte
ragenden
2nd edn. ed.
der
hervor-
Zeiten
aller
und Völker
& enlarged
by W. Haber-
Urban
ling,
F. 'HUbotter
& H. Vierordt,
Wien,
Berlin,
& Schwarzenberg,
1935)
Vols.
I-V, 1929 - 34, Suppl.
(Hereinafter
to as Hirsch]
referred
in article
Vol. II,
on
p. 600 (mention
Ibid.,
Johann Peter Frank,
pp. 598 - 601).
SCHOPENHAUER
ADBi Vol.
Brummer,
XXXII
Franz:
(1891),
pp.
346 -9
Article
Lexikon
der deutschen
Dichter
und
Zeiten
Prosaisten
von den ältesten
Jahrhunderts
zum Ende des 18.
Philipp
Reclam jun.,
Hereinafter
referred
(18th Cent. ), p. 471.
Chambers:
Biographical
of
Times
all
bis
1884)
Leipzig,
to as BrUmmer
Dictionary.
and
Kummer.
by Friedrich
The Great
Nations.
(Ed.
Patrick
& Grooms, W. & R. Chambers, London &
1897).
Edinburgh,
(Hereinafter
to as Chambers,
referred
(under
Arthur).
832
p.
Frost,
Laura:
Johanna Schopenhauer.
Ein Frauenleben
(2nd edn.,
Zeit.
aus der Klassischen
Klinkhardt
& Biermann,
1913 (? )
Leipzig,
let edn. 1905).
Hamberger/Meusel:
Vol.
Harmon,
Johanna
Callwey,
Esther:
XX, p.
254 (1825)
(Kastner
Schopenhauer
Munchen, 1914).
&
222.
Hermann,
Heimpel,
Heuss, Theodor &
Benno
Reifenberg,
(ed. ):
Houben,
Kosch,
H. H., (ed. ):
Deutsche
Die Grossen Deutschen.
(Vols.
I-V,
Ullstein,
Berlin,
Biographie.
1956)
to as Die
Hereinafter
referred
Vol. III,
Grossen Deutschen (1956)]
p. 138.
Erinnerungen
Damals in Weimar:
und
Schopenhauer
Briefe
von und an Johanna
(Klinkhardt
1924)
Leipzig,
& Biermann,
Deutsches
Wilhelm:
Literatur-Lexikon.
Biographisches
Handbuch.
I-II,
und
Vols.
1927)
[ Hereinafter
Vol. II,
pp.
Krüger,
Anders:
bibliographisches
Halle
Max Niemeyer,
]
to as Kosch
referred
2339 - 40.
Deutsches Literatur-Lexikon.
Biographisches
und bibliographisches
Hermann
Handbuch
mit Motivübersichten
Quellennachweisen.
Beck, München, 1914)
[Hereinafter
referred
Pataky,
Sophie
(Saale),
(ad. ):
und
to as Krüger),
p. 393.
Frauen der Feder.
deutscher
Lexikon
dem
der seit
Eine Zusammenstellung
Werke weibJahre 1840 erschienenen
der
Autormnebst
Biographieen
licher
der
lebenden und einem Verzeichnis
Pseudonyme
1898)
Berlin,
Carl Pataky,
I-II,
Vols.
Pataky
to
Hereinafter
as
referred
Vol. II,
p. 267.
Paul,
Konrad:
Schmidt,
Friedrich
August (ed. )s
Schopenhauer,
Johanna:
Reise nach
In Johanna Schopenhauer,
1973)
(Rütten & Loaning,
Berlin,
England
"Nachwort",
pp. 357 - 385.
der Deutschen 1823 - 1852
Neuer Nekrolo
Voigt,
Ilmenau 1824 I-LX,
Vols.
Weimar
&3 "Register",
Weimar, 1854,
1836,1845
& 1856)
to as Schmidt
Hereinafter
referred
Part One, (Weimar, 1840),
Year 16 "1838",
Vol. XXXI, pp. 411 - 423
Daring.
Article
by Heinrich
Jugendleben
und Wanderbilder
Schopenhauer's
In Johanna
Herausgegeben
von ihrer
Nachlass.
Tochter
2 vols.,
Georg Westermann,
1839)
Vol. 1
Schütze,
Karl:
Braunschweig,
Dichter
Deutschlands
und Schriftsteller
Zeiten
bis auf die Gegenvon den ältesten
der Literatur
FUr Freunde
wart.
und zum
in höheren
Lehbei Unterricht
Gebrauche
in
HUlfsmitteln
nach den besten
ranstalten
Folge
sorgfältig
alphabetischer
223.
zusammengestellt
(lbert
Bach,
Hereinafter
Berlin,
referred
p. 379.
1862)
to as
Schütze,
NEMNICH
ADB, Vol.
XXII,
(1886),
Hamberger/Meusel:
Article
by F. Ratzel.
426 -7
Vol. V. (1797),
p. '396
Vol. X. (1803),
p. 354
Vol. XIV (1810),
p. 650
(1821),
Vol. XVIII
p. 823.
pp.
3, p.
Vol.
Heinsius:
34.
HOLZENTHAL
Georg:
Holzenthal,
über
Briefe
Spanien,
Deutschland,
die
Frankreich,
Inseln,
balearischen
Schottland
das südliche
1617
Berlin,
Rocker,
und Holland
SPIKER
ADS,
XXXV (1893),
Vol.
Bader,
Karl:
pp.
164
Article
-6
Prdhle.
by H.
Lexikon
deutscher
Bibliothekare
1925)
Leipzig,
Harrassowitz,
C Hereinafter
to as
referred
XX (1825),
Hamberger/Meusel:
Vol.
Heinsius:
Vol. 6,
Leipzig,
p.
Bader,
]
p. 250.
548
"1816 - 21", (ed.
1822), p. 803.
Kayser,
Cleditsch,
MEISSNER
ADB,
Vol.
XXI
Article
Gottlieb
on August
pp. 242 -3
Meissner
by Franz Schnorr
von Carolsfeld
("Nachträge",
1906),
Vol.
LII
pp. 772 Article
Meissner
781
by
on Alfred
Ludwig
Fränkel.
Vol.
Vol.
Callisen:
XII,
pp. 413 -4
XXX ("Nachträge"),
Vol. II,
Gottlieb
Kosch:
Meissner,
(1885),
Alfred:
p. 1545.
Meissner.
p.
On Alfred
319.
and August
(2 vols,
Geschichte
Meines Lebens
Wien & Teschen,
1884).
Prochaska,
224.
MEIDINGER
AD8, Vol.
XXI (1885),
Kosch:
p.
189
Article
by W. Stricker
1539.
Vol.
II,
Vol.
Vol.
XIV (1833),
pp.
XXXI ("Nachtrag",
p.
OTTO
Callisen:
223 -4
1843),
p. 115
Dansk Biografisk
Lexikon
(ed. Bri, cka,
19 Vols.,
Copenhagen, 1887 1905)
Vol. XII (1898),
pp. 474 - 477,
Petersen
Article
by Julius
Dansk Biografisk
Leksikon
(ed. Engelstoft
& Dahl, 27 Vols.
(based on the above),
Copenhagen, Schultz,
1933 - 44)'
Vol. XVII (1939),
pp. 519 - 20, by Julius
(Axel Borgbjaerg).
Petersen
Dansk Biografisk
(ed.
Haandleksikon
1926)
Heinsius:
45 -6
(ad. Kayser,
27",
Vol. 7'"1822
1828), Part 2, p. 143
Leipzig,
Hirsch:
Vol. IV (1932),
Petersen.
Julius
Vol.
Engelstoft
3 (1926),
& Dahl,
1920,1923
3 Vols.,
pp.
pp.
459 - 60,
Gleditsch,
article
by
LÖWENTHAL
Ciebisch,
Pichler
Vancsa (ad. ):
&
Österreichisches
Kleines
Wien, 1948
Hollinek,
Hereinafter
referred
1 p. 261.
Pichler/Vancsa,
Vol. II,
p. 1451
Also 2nd edn. (1953),
To date 8 Vols.
Kosch:
Österreichisches
Biographisches
Lexikon
1815 - 50,
Literatur
Lexikon
to as Giebisch
Vol.
II,
p.
1566
(Österr.
Akademie der Wissenschaften,
1957ff. )
[ Hereinafter
Österr.
to
referred
as
Wien,
Biog.
Lex-3
Article
Vol. V (1972),
pp. 293 -4
on
Max Frh. von L'dwenthal
by Back & Hanus,
p. 294, on Sophie Freifrau
von Löwenthal
by Hanus
HUBER
ADB; Vol. XIII
Chambers:
(1881),
pp.
249 - 258.
p. 508
Article
by R. Elvers
&
225.
SCHINKEL
("Nachträge
LIV
ADS, Vol.
1899"),
bis
Franz
Chambers:
p.
Fontane,
Theodor:
Wolzogen,
Alfred
pp.
Vallentin.
17 -
28
Article
by
830.
Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg
'Die Grafschaft
Ruppin',
Vol. I
"Neuruppin",
7, "Karl
section
chapter
(Aufbau Verlag,
Schinkel",
Friedrich
Berlin
&
Weimar, 2nd edn. 1980, pp. 110-135) [cf. Sý(tý,
IX, 97ffa
von:
Aus Schinkel's
Reisetagebücher,
Nachlass.
Briefe
und Aphorismen
1862 - 3, Decker)
3 vols.,
Berlin,
MOSCHELES
ADB, Vol.
(1885),
XXII
Chambers:
p.
Charlotte:
Moscheles,
MFNn! I SS[lMN
KI TNC,EMANr
ADB,
Vol.
(1885),
W. F. (ed. ):
Chambers:
(ed.
Leben.
Aus Moscheles
(2 Vols.,
Tagebüchern
1872)
Leipzig,
Deutschen
Sebastian
):
Klingemann,
(ed. ):
by R. Eitner
Nach Briefen
und
Duncker
& Humblot,
Article
324 - 345
by C. von Loeper
Selected
Letters
of Mendelssohn
(Swan Sonnenschein,
London, 1894)
pp.
p.
Die Grossen
1956 :
Article
345 - 351
677.
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XXI
Alexander,
Hensel,
pp.
650
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pp. 152 - 162
Heinz Stuckenschmidt.
Die Familie
Nach
Karl
Briefen
Mendelssohn
und
Article
by Hans
1729 - 1847.
Tagebüchern
Behr,
1879).
Mendelssohn-Bartholdys
Felix
BriefKarl Klin emann
wechsel mit Le ationsrat
in London
Baedeker,
Essen, 1909)
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy,
Paul (ed. ):
Felix
Mendelssohn-Barthold
Briefe
.
den Jahren 1830 bis 1847Z (2 Vols.,
1864)
Hermann Mendelssohn,
Leipzig,
Moscheles,
(ed. ):
Briefe
Mendelssohnvon Felix
Bartholdy
an Ignaz und Charlotte
Felix
Berlin,
aus
Moscheles
(Duncker
Schmidt:
& Humblot,
Leipzig,
Year 16, "1847",
Part
Article
pp. 678 -90
1888).
Two (Weimar,
by B. Hain.
1849),
225,
G. (ed. ):
Selden-Goth,
Jüdische
Grosse
S.:
Wininger,
(Paul
Letters
Mendelssohn
National-Biographie.
für
das
Nachschlagewerk
Freunde
und dessen
(7 Vols.,
1925 - 36)
Vol.
Wolff,
Ernst
(ed. ):
IV
(1930),
1946).
Elek,
Ein
jüdische
Volk
348 - 50.
Felix
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Berlin,
pp.
Meister-Briefe.
Behr,
Bartholdy
HORN
Vol.
Vol.
Callisen:
IX,
pp. 151 -2
XXIX ("Nachträge"),
Vol. III,
pp. 298 -9
Ernst Horn,
On father,
Hirsch:
Biographie
Neue Deutsche
54 - 5.
pp.
Ibid,
297 - B.
pp.
(Duncker & Humblot,
1953ff.
Berlin,
To date 13 vols. )
[Hereinafter
to as NDB
referred
Vol. IX, p. 627, mention of Wilhelm Horn
in genealogy
uncle.
of Franz Horn, Wilhelm's
RAUMER
ADB, Vol.
Bornmüller,
XXVII
(1888),
Franz:
Article
402 - 414
pp.
by Wegele.
'
Schriftsteller-Lexikon
Biographisches
Die bekanntesten
der Gegenwart.
der
Zeitgenossen
auf dem Gebiet
Völker
Nationalliteratur
aller
mit
Werke
An abe ihrer
Instituts,
Verlag des Bibliographischen
1882)
Leipzig,
[Hereinafter
to as Bornmüller.
referred
pp. 587 - 8.
p. 780.
Chambers:
]
ISENSEE
ADB, Vol.
XIV (1881-2),
p. 635
Isensee.
Article
on August
Callisen:
Vol.
XXIX ("Nachtrag",
Hirsch:
Vol.
III,
HAILBRONNER &
ADB, Vol.
BornmUller:
p.
Ludwig
1841),
pp.
Christian
182 - 3.
380.
PULSZKY
X (1879),
p.
386,
Article
(Pulszky).
577
p.
on Hailbronner
by Kelchner.
227.
Lexikon
der deutschen
Dichter
Prosaisten
des 19.
vom Beginn
hunderts
bis
zur Gegenwart
lst
1885;
6th enlarged
edn.
Vols.
IVIII,
Reclam,
Leipzig,
[Hereinafter
to as
referred.
(19th
Cent. )) Vol.
V, pp. 364
Franz:
Brummer,
767
Chambers:
p.
Kosch:
Vol. I,
Lorck,
B. (pub.
Carl
):
750 (Hailbronner).
p.
Biographisches
Mit Supplement
1862)
referred
545-6.
Leipzig,
Lorck,
[Hereinafter
Österr.
Lex.:
-Biogr.
Pulszky,
II,
Lexikon
Frauen
to as Lorck]
pp.
(1983),
Vol. VIII
pp. 332 -3
Z. FallenbUchl
on Pulszky.
Article
Meine Zeit,
mein Leben
Authorised
&
edn., Pressburg
Stampfel,
4 Vols, 1880 - 83).
(Hailbronner)
107
p.
(Pulszky).
289
p.
Franzt
Schütze:
Wurzbach,
edn.,
1913)
Brummer
Pulszky).
-5
(Pulszky).
Männer der Zeit.
der Gegenwart.
der Zeit
Vol.
und
Jahr-
Const.
von:
by
Leipzig,
des KaiserLexikon
Biographisches
die
thums Oesterreich,
enthaltend
Lebensskizzen
der denkwürdigen
1750 in den
Personen,
seit
welche
österreichischen
Kronländern
geboren
haben
wurden
oder darin
gelebt
6 Vols.,
Wien,
Vol. XXIV (1872),
1856 - 91)
pp. 71 -7
(Pulszky).
HALLBERG-BROICH
ADB, Vol.
X (1879),
Cent. ):
8rümmer
Kosch:
(19th
Krämer,
Wolfgang:
416 -8
p. 177.
Vol. I, pp.
pp.
Article
by Hyac.
Holland
753 - 4.
"Karl
Theodor Maria Freiherr
von
'Der Eremit von
Hallberg-Broich.
(1768
1862)"
Gauting"
In
Beiträge
p.
159.
Heimatzur bayrischen
Volksgeschichte,
und Landeskunde
I, "Geschichte
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der Gemeinde
Gauting",
III,
pp. 415-429.
Krüger:
NDB: Vol. VII
(1966),
Schütze:
Article
by Dietmar
pp.
538 -9
107 - B.
pp.
540
Article
by A.
Vol.
XII,
pp.
N. Schmidt
MARX
ADB,
Vol.
Callisen:
XX (1884),
Vol.
-1
pp.
Hirsch.
291 -3
XXX ("Nachträge"),
pp.
265 - 6.
228.
Vol. IV,
Hirsch:
pp.
105 -7
Article
by Th.
Husemann.
KOHL
ADB,
Vol.
(1882),
XVI
Alexander,
pp.
Bader:
pp.
BornmUller:
p.
Cent. ):
Brummer (19th
Article
-B
by W. Wolkenhauer.
"J. G. Kohl und seine Bedeutung für die
Landes- und Volksforschung"
deutsche
Geographische
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Anneli:
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19. Jahrhunderts
425
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394.
(Bremen, 1912)
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W. Wolkenhauer.
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258 - 262
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559.
p.
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"Remarks by Mr. Deane.
sketch of 3. G. Kohl. "
Tracts'
In 'Biographical
Dec. 1878).
Encyclopedia
Kohl,
Johann
A biographical
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Mass.,
Americana
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New York, Chicago)
Vol. XVI (1928),
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(ed. Leskien,
1827 -88)
"Zweite
Sektion"
Article
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Vol. XXXVIII,
pp. 37 - 41
Bulthaupt.
Heinrich
Georg:
Aus meinen Hütten,
oder Geständnisse
Schriftstellers
und Träume eines deutschen
(Fleischer,
1850).
Leipzig,
3 Vols.,
Ersch/Gruber:
Lorck:
Vol.
Schütze:
pp.
by
p. 49.
Chambers:
Charles:
Article
II,
pp.
522 - 4.
176 - 7.
CARUS
ADB, Vol. IV (1876),
Vol. XX (1884),
Callisen:
pp. 37 -8
p. 747
Articles
by Otto
Vol.
Vol.
Carus,
Carl
Carus,
Otto:
Gustav:
Carus
III
11830), pp.
XXVII ("Nachtrag"
& Hecker.
508 -9
1839),
pp.
38 - 41.
Lebenserinnerun
en und Denkwürdi (Brockhaus,
keiten
Leipzig,
II,
Vo1s. I1865;
Vols.
III
1866;
IV,
Vol. Vsee below under Zaunick).
Carl Gustav Carus
Engelhard-Reyher,
in seinem Antlitz
Gotha, 1930).
229.
p. 185.
Chambers:
Carus
1980).
Leipzig,
Genschorek,
Carl
Grossen
Deutschen.
1935
Biographie,
Neue Deutsche
5 vols,
& Scholz.
ed. Andreas
Die
Gustav
(Hirzel,
Wolfgang:
edn.,
-7
[Hereinafter
to as Die Grossen
referred
(1935
Deutschen
- 7)]
1937),
Vol. V Suppl.
pp. 166 - 171
See also
Schuster.
Article
by Julius
(1936)
in
III
to
Carus
Vol.
references
)
(1956
in essays
II
II
&
Vols.
edn.
and
A. v. Humboldt and
on Runge, Friedrich,
Schelling
XVII (1820),
pp. 317 -9
(1829),
XXII/I
pp. 476 - 8.
der
Die Geschichte
"Villa
Cara.
Carus-Hauses"
Dresdener
Akademie
der Medizinischen
In 'Schriften
1963).
Vol. 3 (Dresden,
Dresden",
Vol.
Vol.
Hamberger/Meusel:
Walter:
Henschel,
I.
Vol.
Kosch:
VöyteE6ppi:
Vol. it P. 198.
Lorck:
Vol. I,
pp.
Article
845 -6
Pf1935),
Hirsch:
pp.
NDB:
pp. 705 - 7.
(1957),
Vol. III
pp.
Bernhard Knauss.
Schütze:
p. 43.
Edinburgh
'Tait's
Magazine', Vol. XIII
Wilhelmsmeyer,
Zaunick,
161 - 2.
Article
161 -3
by
(April
1846),
pp. 301 - 307 "The King of
England and Scotland".
Saxony's
Journey through
Hans:
Rudolph
by Professor
(ed. ):
Carl Gustav Carus als Erbe und Deuter
(Junker & Dünnhaupt,
1936).
Berlin,
Carl
Gustav
Carus
Lebenserinnerungen
Goethes
und
Denkwürdigkeiten
Vol. V 1st
"Einleitung",
edn. Jess Dresden,
pp. ix-xix.
1931)
HAHN-HAHN
ADB: Vol. XLIX
711-718.
Article
by Richard
M. Meyer
pp.
Chambers:
Jacoby,
pp.
306 -7
p. 450
Bornmüller:
Hahn-Hahn,
(1880),
Ida:
Alinda:
(Witz,
Arnheim,
Von Babylon nach Jerusalem
1851) esp. pp. 114 - 125
Ein novellistisches
Ida Gräfin
Hahn-Hahn.
Lebenbild.
Kirchheim,
Mainz, 1894
I
230.
(Supplement,
Lorck
Munster,
Katrien
von:
Die
Frauen
junge
Gräfin.
Stiasny,
Graz,
der
Ida
Zeit):
pp.
49 -
51
Hahn-Hahn
1929
KÖSTLIN
ADB, Vol.
XVI (1882),
Vol. XII,
p.
in introduction
408
See above
223 '
K8stlin
of Julius
name.
(Deutsche
Eine Autobiographie
Denker und
ihre Geistesschbpfungen,
12,
9",
Heft"
"
Leipzig,
Danzig,
Wi18a,
Oskar
Dr.
ed.
Wien, Ehrke, n. d. [1888-91])
ND8:
Kbstlin,
pp. 756 - 761 Articles
on August Friedrich,
K. W. Gottlieb,
Ernst Gottlob,
Heinrich,
Friedrich
Nathanael
Reinhold
and Christian
Kdstlin
by Julius
Kiistlin,
R. Hoche,
Bandorf and Klüpfel.
Julius:
MEISSNER, Alfred
p.
Mention
for family
under
Meissner,
Eduard
BRANDES
Brummer (19th
Cent. ):
Hansen:
Heinsius:
322 -3
H. Brandes.
on Friedrich
(Detmold,
1957)
Lippische
Biographie
"N. Einzelne
Familien
und Persönlich1078
1080.
keiten",
pp.
Brockhaus,
Vol. XII (ed. Schiller,
1858) "1852 - 56"
1, p. 137.
Leipzig,
Vol.
Schnitger,
Karl:
Steusloff,
Bernhard:
pp.
522 on Rudolph Brandes.
('Programm
In "Schulnachrichten"
das
Gymnasiums zu Lemgo für das Schuljahr
1868/9',
pp. 11 - 26)
(Lemgo, 1869), p. 17.
('Jahresbericht
In "Schulnachrichten"
über das Gymnasium zu Lemgo 1875, pp. 17 - 28)
pp. 17 - 18.
Vol.
NOB:
I,
II9
p.
LEWALD
ADB, Vol.
XXXV (1893),
Vol.
LII
Vol.
XXXV (1893),
BornmUller:
Article
pp. 403 -6
on Adolf Wilhelm
Theodor Stahr by Ludwig Frankel
("Nachträge
1906)
Article
bis 1899",
by
Ludwig Frankel
Article
by Henrietta
Goldpp. 406 - 11
schmidt.
pp.
428 -
9.
231.
Cent. ):
Brummer (19th
Chambers:
IV,
Deutschen
III,
Vol.
"Nachwort"
Bilderbuch
1st edn.,
Rudolf:
Grossherzog
Stahr
in
(Mittler,
II,
581.
p.
Therese:
Cbhler,
246 - 7.
pp.
588 - 9.
pp.
Die Grossen
(1935 - 7):
Erler,
Vol.
In Fanny Lewald,
Italienisches
(RUtten & Loaning,
Berlin,
1967), 1983),
pp. 453 - 463.
Carl Alexander
Und Fanny Lewald-
ihren
1848
Briefen
-
1889
1932),
Berlin,
2550 - 1.
Kosch:
Vol.
Krüger:
265 - 6.
Meine Lebensgeschichte
(Janke,
1861,3
Berlin,
pp.
pp.
Lewald,
Fanny:
Vols,,
each 2 parts)
Lewald,
Fanny:
Zwdlf Bilder
nach dem Leben.
nerungen von Fanny Lewald
1888).
Janke, Berlin,
Lewald,
Fanny:
(1838
1888)
Gedachtes
Gefühltes
und
(ad.
Lewald
Fanny
with an introvon
by Ludwig Geiger,
duction,
pp. v-xxv,
1900).
Minden, Dresden & Leipzig,
(Su 1. Frauen der Zeit),
pp. 64 -5
in fact one of the
Article
by "22" numbers used by Theodor Fontane.
Vol. I, (1898),
pp. 498 - 9.
pp. 203 - 4.
Lorck:
Pataky:
Schütze:
Steinhauer
Erin-
Marieluise:
die deutsche
Fanny Lewald,
George Sand.
Ein Kapitel
des
aus der Geschichte
deutschen
hundert.
Berlin,
Frauenromans
(Inaugural
1937).
im
19.
Jahr-
Dissertation,
WAAGEN
AAB:
Vol. XL (1896),
pp.
410 - 414
948.
Chambers:
p.
Hamberger/Meusel:
Vol.
XXI,
Kosch:
Vol.
II,
Schütze:
p. 473.
p.
p.
Article
by H. Lier.
282.
2861.
RELLSTAB
ADB:
Vol. XXVIII
Brummer:
(1889),
pp.
pp.
Article
781 -4
409 - 410.
by M. Bendiner.
code
232,
Die Grossen
Deutschen
(1956):
III,
Vol.
pp.
262 -
3.
p. 2003.
II,
Kosch:
Vol.
Krüger:
p.
Lorck:
Rollstab:
626 - 8.
Aus meinem Leben (2 Vols.,
1861 .
Berlin,
Schütze:
p.
304.
pp.
655 238.
350.
Vol. I,
pp.
Guttentag
FÖRSTER
XLVIII
ADB; Vol.
(1904),
Kornmüller:
p.
Brummer:
Vol.
Chambers:
p.
Kosch:
Vol.
Die Grossen
Deutschen
II9
pp.
by Hyazinth
Holland.
241 - 2.
372.
I,
(1935
Schütze:
Article
61
7):
p. 72.
p. 464 - 5.
Vol. V, p.
201.
ZIEGLER
XLV (1900),
LV (1910),
Kosch:
162 -3
421 -3
Vol. II,
p.
Schütze:
p.
ADB,
Vol.
Vol.
Adolph &
Eduard:
Buchting,
Baldamus,
pp.
pp.
Article
Article
by Viktor
Hansch
by M. Gerbig.
3187.
572.
1851 - 1865
Bücher-Catalo
Hinrichs'
1875)
Leipzig,
2 Vols., Hinrichs
Vol. I, p. 486
[Hereinafter
to as Hinrichs.,
referred
WICHMANN
257 (1965)
British
Museum Catalogue:
Vol.
Georgia
Augusta.
der Georg-August
Universität
Die Matrikel
1837 - 1900
zu Göttingen,
41 & p. 122; No. 46,
p. 125; No. 43,168;
698; 20.
Heinsius:
Vol.
II,
p. 478.
Hinrichs
Vol.
II,
p. 452.
National
Wichmann,
Union
Dr.
Catalog,
Rudolph:
(Pre-1956
Imprints):
Vol.
661 (1979)
.
"Veber Kreistheilungen"
In'Programme
Sachsen 1867' ('3ahrbuch.
des
der Provinz
Pädagogiums zum Kloster
unser Lieben Frau
"Neue Fortsetzung,
31.
in Magdeburg',
1867),
24.
Heft",
pp. 3-
233.
Wanderungen in Schottland
1851 - 1852
1862).
Neuhaff,
Braunschweig,
Rudolph:
Wichmann,
KALCKSTEIN
8iographisches
British
Jahrbuch
und
Museum Catalogue,
Deutscher
Nekrolog,
Berlin
Verlag von Georg Reimer,
(Vols.
' Vols. 11-18,
1-10,1898-1905;
1906-1913;
Vol. 19,1914-1923);
Vol. 8, p. 57 & Vol. 16, p. 38.
Vol. 120, (1962)
Heinsius:
Vol.
It
p. 503.
Hinrichs
Vol.
I,
p. 430.
Kalckstein,
Moritz
Kalckstd
Moritz
n,
National
Union
von:
Erinnerungen
an England und Schottland
1854)
Schneider,
Berlin,
Ferdinand
von:
Rom und die Cam a na.
Schneider,
Ferdinand
Catalog;
NDB:
Neues All
emeines
Neues Preussisches
Vol.
288, (1973)
"von
Kalckstein",
Eine Skizze
1860).
Berlin,
Vol.
XI,
p.
53.
Adels-Lexicon
(Georg Olms Verlag,
E. H. Kneschke)
New York, 1973) Vol. V, pp. 4 - 5.
Hildesheim,
Adels-Lexicon,
bearbeitet
von einem Vereine
von
Deutsches
Gelehrten
Geschichte
Freiherrn
der vaterländischen
u. Freunden
dem Vorstande
des
unter
L. v. ZedlitzNeukirch
Leipzig,
Gebrüder Reichenbach,
1-2,1836;
3-4,1837;
Vols.
Vols.
1839 and 1843)
Suppl.
vol.
Vol. 3, pp. 59 - 62.
MOLTKE
ADB, Vol. LII
("Nachträge",
1906),
pp.
Article
by B. von Paten.
BornmUller:
p.
Chambers:
665 - 6.
'Das Englandbild
bei Fontane,
Moltke
und Engels'
In Viktorianisches
England in deutscher
Perspektive
Saur,
ed. Adolf M. Birke & Kurt Kluxen,
München, 1983),
pp. 91 - 108.
Gillespie,
pp.
George:
447 - 458
503.
234.
ULLRICH
ADB,
Vol.
Vol.
XXXIX
XLV
(1895),
(1900),
VII,
Vol.
Brummer:
II,
Kosch:
Vol.
Krüger:
p. 437.
Schütze:
p. 459.
by Ludwig
Fränkel.
240.
p.
"Vorwort
In Ullrich,
Italien,
Berlin,
deutsche
Rudolph:
Genes,
pp. 201 -3
Articles
p. 674
des Herausgebers"
Titus,
Reise-Studien
England und Schottland
Allgemeiner
Verein
fUr
1893),
Litteratur,
pp.
aus
7-
10.
2774 - 5.
pp.
LEPEL
ADO,
Vol.
LI
(1906,
bis 1899'),
'Nachträge
by Franz Brummer.
IV,
Vol.
Brummer:
Fontane,
pp.
Von Zwanzig
Theodor:
pp.
über der
Tunnel
'Bernhard
von Lepel',
[see
below]
In FSW
F/L
pp.
Vol. II,
Krüger:
p.
Nürnberger,
Petersen,
Reuter,
Rothert:
Hans-Heinrich:
p.
pp.
vol.
):
ch.
274 XV.
Nachruf'
Isee
below]
B.
295)
(In
, vol.
2,
1394.
262.
Politik.
Der frühe Fontane.
1840 bis 1860
Geschichte.
Wegner, Hamburg, 1967).
Helmuth:
Julius(ed.
von
Spree',
Lapel.
Briefwechsel
380 - 386).
Kosch:
Article
236 - 7.
bis Dreissig
-Der
'Bernhard
658 - 9.
Poesie.
Theodor Fontane und Bernhard von Lepel.
Ein Freundschafts-Briefwechsel
2 vols.
Beck, Munchen, 1940)
Hereinafter
referred
to as F/L Briefwechsel.,
Fontane (2 vols.,
Nymphenburg, Munchen,
1968).
Chapter 7, vol.
1, pp. 170ff.
Allgemeine
Rothert,
p. 554.
Hannoversche
Biographie
1914)
Vol. II,
'1814 - 1866',
235.
B.
SCOTLAND
FONTANE
AND
Fontane,
Theodor:
i)
Sämtliche
Schreinert
München,
PRIMARY
Werke,
et al.,
1959ff.
)
SOURCES
ed. Gross,
(24 vols.,
Jolles,
Nymphenburg,
]
to as FSW.
referred
The following
volumes have been used as
this
for
source
material
and/or
reference
study:
(ed. Gross, 1959)
1-VIII
The novels
Vols.
Vol. I, Vor dem Sturm;
Especially:
Vol. IV, C6cile:
Vol. V, Unwiederbringlich;
&
Frau Jenny Treibel
Vol. VII,
Effi
Briest
(ed. NeuenMeine Kinderjahre
Vol. XIV
1961)
dorff-FUrstenau,
Von Zwanzig bis Dreissig.
Vol. XV
[Hereinafter
Autobiographisches
Vol. XVII
Vol. XX
Vol. XXI/1
Vol. XXI/2
Fontane,
Theodor:
Fontane,
Theodor:
(ed.
Schreinert
& Neuendorff1967)
FUrstenau,
Aus En land und Schottland
(ed. Jolles,
1963)
Balladen
und Gedichte
(ed. Gross & Schreinert,
1962)
Essays und Studien
Literarische
1963)
ed. Schreinert,
'Die alten
englispp. 347ff.
Balladen';
chen und schottischen
Scott';
'Walter
pp. 399ff.
Alexis';
'Willibald
pp. 454ff.
'Die besten BUcher'.
pp. 497ff.
Essays und Studien
Literarische
Bachmann,
ed. Schreinert,
1974) pp. 56ff.
Bramböck, Reuter,
]
'Bernhard
von Lepel'.
(ed. Keitel
& Nürnberger)
Briefe
Hanser, München, 1976 - 82)
4 Vols.
des Tweed.
Nach der Erstausgabe
Jenseit
Bleistiftzeichnungen
Mit
1860.
von
von
Bernhard von Lepel und einem ausführlichen
Anhang (ed. Otto Drude) (Die bibliophilen
Nr. 144, Dortmund, 1979)
Taschenbücher,
[The'Anhang'
includes
Castle'
'Lochleven
Hochland und seine
and 'Das schottische
the original
follow
both texts
Bewohner':
in 'Die Presse'
and 'Europa'.
publications,
As a facsimile
edition
of the original,
it is Drude's
edition
which has been referthis
thus keeping
study,
red to throughout
in line
of the other
with the orthography
in the main body
texts
under consideration
of the thesis.
236.
Fontane,
Theodor:
.
durch
Enoland
Wanderungen
und Schottland
Hans-Heinrich
Reuter)
e.
[Hereinafter
to as Reuter,
referred
(2 Vols,
Wanderungen]
Verlag
der Nation,
[Includes
1979 - 80).
the four
Berlin,
Prince',
literary
'John
'Die
essays,
alten
Balladen',
und schottischen
englischen
1864'
'Zum Shakespear-Fest
and 'Walter
from Fontane's
Scott';
a selection
also
correspondence.
Since this publication
such a
provides
of Fontane's
collection
comprehansive
both published
and
writings
on Britain,
it has been used for reference
private,
The FSW and the
wherever
possible.
have only been
Hanser edition
of Briefe
quoted as textual
where the
reference
passage is not to be found in
relevant
des Tweed,
Drude's
edition
of Jenseit
T77
Wanderungen,
Reuter,
Briefwechsel.
or
Fontane,
Theodor:
in
Across the Tweed.
Notes on Travel
1858.
Scotland,
by Sir
Introduction
Bt.,
James Fergusson of Kilkerran,
(J. M.
by Brian Battershaw,
Translation
[This
)
has
1965.
Dent, London,
edition
transbeen consulted
as the sole English
des Tweed.
lation
of Jenseit
Fontane,
Theodor:
in Victoria's
Journeys
to England
1844 - 1859.
Days.
Translation
(Massie,
London,
Dorothy
Harrison,
Early
by
1939.
to likewise
This is referred
since
the only English
translation
contains
Hochland und seine
'Das schottische
Bewohner'.
ii)
SECONDARY
]
)
it
of
SOURCES
The following
publications:
are used for German journal
abbreviations
'
'Nummer'.
'Nr.
'Bd. ' = 'Band';
'Jahrgang';
'Jg'
=
=
English
Journeys".
Barlow,
"Fontana's
Derrick:
In 'German Life and Letters',
vol. 6, No. 3,
1953, pp. 169 - 177.
Bowman, Derek
Demetz,
Peter:
E.:
"Fontanes
erste Reise nach
Monatshefte,
In 'Schweizer
Jg. 52, pp. 817 - 822.
Formen des Realismus:
Kritische
Untersuchungen.
England".
2,1973,
Theodor
(Literatur
Kunst (ad. K. May & W. Höllerer),
München, 1964. )
Drude,
Otto:
Fontane.
als
Hanser,
In Jenseit
des
"Fontane
und Schottland".
Taschenbücher,
Tweed, (Die bibliophilen
1979, ) pp. 411 - 435.
Dortmund,
237.
Sir
Fergusson,
Fricke,
Hadi,
James:
Hermann:
Gillespie,
Grieve,
In Theodor Fontane,
'Nachwort'.
Jenseit
des
Tweed, (RUtten & Loening,
Berlin,
1974,2nd
(Reproduced
edn. 1977),
pp. 373 - 389.
as
"Fontane
in Schottland",
in 'Fontane
Blätter'
(hereinafter
to as FB
Bd. 3,
referred
Heft 2,1974,
pp. 124-134).
Gotthard:
Erler,
George:
Heide:
Waiel
Taki:
'Introduction'.
Tweed, (Dent,
Across the
In Theodor Fontane,
London, 1965, ) pp. xi-xv
.
Chronik
Theodor Fontane.
seines Lebens (arani
1960. )
Berlin-Grünewald,
Verlags-GmbH,
bei Fontane,
Moltke und
'Das Englandbild
Engels'.
England in
In Viktorianisches
deutscher
Perspektive,
ed. Birke & Kluxen,
Saur, München, 1983, pp. 91 - 108. )
Die Waverley-Romane
'Fontane
und Scott.
In FB, Bd. 3, Heft 4,
und Vor dem Sturm'.
1974, pp. 300 - 312.
Theodor Fontanes.
Zu
Die England-Reisen
den
Anschauungen
deutscher
über En land in der Mitte
Diss., (Karl Marx-Universität,
Schriftsteller
des 19. Jahrhunderts.
1976.
Leipzig,
Jolles,
Charlotte:
A Critical
Theodor Fontane and England.
Study in An lo-German Literary
Relations
)
1947.
London,
in the 19th Century.
MA Thesis,
Jolles,
Charlotte:
Sammlung Metzler,
Theodor Fontane.
Realien
)
(Stuttgart,
114,
1972.
Literatur,
Bd.
zur
[This
bibliowork provides
a valuable
aid.
graphical
Jolles,
Charlotte:
Knorr,
Herbert:
Kohler,
Ernst:
"'Und an der Themse wächst man sich anders
Zum Englandmotiv
'
aus als am Stechlin.
"
in Fontanes Erzählwerk.
In FB, Bd. 1,
Heft 5,1967,
pp. 173 - 191.
Theodor Fontane und England.
(2 vols.,
1961. )
Diss.,
Göttingen,
"Tunnel
im Berliner
Die Balladendichtung
über der Spree".
(Germanische
Studien,
223, Berlin,
Diss.,
1940.
Reprinted
by Kraus, Nendeln/
1969).
Liechtenstein,
Krueger,
Joachim:
"Der Tunnel Uber der
auf Theodor Fontane".
1978, pp. 201-225.
Krueger,
Joachim:
"Zu den Beziehungen
zwischen Theodor Fontane
Mit unbekannten
Dokuund Fanny Lewald.
In FB, 1980, pp. 615 - 628.
menten".
Spree und sein Einfluss
In FB, Bd. 4, Heft 3,
238.
Liese-
Kurth-Voigt,
E.:
lotto
des Tweed;
"Zu Fontanes Jenseit
Theodor
Brief
unveröffentlichter
an Hermann
Fontanes
In
R. Geoffrey:
Lackey,
FB, Bd. 4,
Some Aspects
Heft
for
Relevance
Costenoble".
8,1981,
Balladesque
of
the
ein
Novels
pp.
666-
Art
and their
Theodor
of
670.
Fontane.
in America (ed. K. Mommsen ,
Germanic Studies
No. 30, (Lang, Berne, 1979. )
Helmuth:
Nürnberger,
Der frUhe
Fontane.
Geschichte.
1840
Poesie
Politik.
(Wegner,
1860.
bis
Taschen1975). )
Hamburg, 1967;
unveränderte
Berlin,
Ullstein,
buchausgabe,
Helmuth:
NUrnberger,
nr.
graphien
Hamburg, let
works contain
H.
und
Mona-
Rowohlts
(Rowohlt,
145, ad Kusenberg)
[Both
)
1968.
the above
edn.
)
bibliographies.
very valuable
Freund
der unbekannte
"James Morris,
Bd. 1, Heft
In FB,
Theodor Fontanes".
1969,
pp. 427 - 449.
John:
Remak, Henry
Selbstzeugnissen
(rororo,
Bilddokumenten
Phillipps,
in
Fontane
Theodor
:
Uber seine Ballade
"Fontane
In 'Modern Language Notes',
April,
pp. 282 - 287.
Reuter,
Hans-Heinrich:
Fontane.
Reuter,
Hans-Heinrich:
Theodor
einer
(2 vols.,
Fontane.
'Die
vol.
1968. )
und Materialien
Grundzuge
Philipp
Biographie.
historischen
Jüdin'".
53,1938
München,
Berlin,
8,
1969. )
Leipzig,
jun.,
the above works have useful
]
bibliographies.
Reclam
[Both
Reuter,
Rhyn,
Hans-Heinrich:
Hans:
In Reuter,
543.
"Fontane
und England".
1, pp.
Wanderungen,
vol.
Die Balladendichtung
besonderer
mit
Bearbeitungen
schottischer
Theodor
Berücksichtigung
altenglischer
Balladen
aus
Fontanes,
seiner
und altden Sammlungen
Scott.
Percy
und
von
Forschungen
Sprache und Dichtung,
und Literaturwissenzur Linguistik
)
(Francke,
1914.
15,
Bern,
schaft,
Rodger,
Sasse,
Gillian:
Hans-Christopher:
Conception
of the FolkLanguage Review',
In'Modern
to as MLR, vol. 50,
referred
1958,
pp. 44 - 58.
to the
An Introduction
Theodor Fontane.
"Fontana's
Ballad".
[hereinafter
Novels
and
Novellen,
1968.
Ch. 1 concerns
Wanderungen.
(Blackwell,
the
ballads
Oxford,
and
239.
Joachim:
Schobess,
von und über
Literatur
Brandenburgische
Theodor
Landes-und
Fontane.
Hochschul-
bibliothek,
Theodor-Fontane-Archiv,
Potsdam, 1st edn. 1960,2nd
edn. 1965)
[pp.
89-90 of 2nd edn. concern
'Fontanes
Verhältnis
zu England und Schottland'].
Schönemann,
Shears,
Friedrich:
Lambert
A.:
"Theodor
Fontane und England".
In
'Publications
of the Modern Language
30,1916,
Association',
pp. 658 - 671.
vol.
Scott on the
The influence
of Walter
Novels
of
Columbia
Spink,
Gerald
Stirk,
S. D.
Thomas,
Lionel:
Wegmann, Carl:
ti.:
Fontane.
Diss.,
(New York,
1922. )
Theodor
Univ.,
Scott in
"Fontane's
Poem:
'Walter
In MLR, vol. 28,
Westminster-Abtei'".
1933,
pp. 489 - 490.
in Letters
"England
of
and the English
In 'Proceedings
Theodor Fontane".
of
Society',
Lit.
the Leeds Philosophical
Section,
4,1936,
& Hist.
pp. 145 vol.
154.
"Theodor Fontane and Willibald
In FB9 Bd. 2, Heft 6,1972,
pp.
Theodor
und
Fontane
Schottischer
(MUnster,
1910.
als
Übersetzer
Balladen.
Alexis".
425 - 435.
Englischer
Diss.,