Colour - Fishackathon Dutch Hackathon
Transcription
Colour - Fishackathon Dutch Hackathon
A snapshot of European Space Agency Oceanographic Earth Observation Dr Craig Donlon D/EOP ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands Outline – Introduction to ESA – Satellites for ocean science – Examples of useful measurements for Fishackathon – Currents – Colour – Temperature – Salinity – Winds – Waves – Getting data Purpose of ESA “To provide for and promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European states in space research and technology and their space applications.” Article 2 of ESA Convention What can Satellite data do for you? What’s Happening Right Now? (R. Kudela, Uni. Santa Cruz) HABs and Water Quality are Linked September 2009—53 year old woman diving in Monterey suffered from bilateral mastoiditis (ear infections penetrating to the brain). Retrospective analysis linked high pathogen loads to red tides. Honner, Kudela & Handler (2012), J. Emergency Medicine Using a combination of satellite imagery, numerical models, and statistical forecasts, we can identify what’s happening NOW, and predict what will happen over the next three days…. http://www.cencoos.org/data/models/habs (R. Kudela, Uni. Santa Cruz) 70% Earth’s surface covered by water The final frontier… “If I were to choose a single phrase to characterize the first century of modern oceanography, it would be a century of under-sampling.” Walter Munk, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 2000 Some of the First Ocean Currents… Chart of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift from ship logs (M. Maury) Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806 –1873): 1853 Brussels Conference on Observation Practice ESA provides information on many relevant parameters from its satellite instruments Sentinel-1 VVroughness SAR: image over Brest and the Iroise, France (2014-0901) Microbreaking and surface waves – the gearbox of the air-sea interaction “engine” Ocean time and space scales (B. Chapron, IFREMER) • A virtual platform to discover and manipulate co-located EO datasets and related model/in-situ datasets • Conceived to develop synergy between data sets • A scientific research tool allowing visual and interactive exploration of data in the oceanographic context • Prototype for ocean NOWCASTING bench Project http://ovl-project.oceandatalab.com OVL data portal http://ovl.oceandatalab.com Coastal Thematic Exploitation Platform Monitoring related to aquaculture & fisheries Frontal structures Regional monitoring Aquaculture Carrying Capacity deposition/ erosion Benthic habitat evolution Coastal Risk/Resilience Earth Observation in ESA ESA Earth Observation Programmes Meteorological Programme Copernicus Programme Earth Observation Envelope Programme Sentinel-1 Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fisheries • Detection of Vessels operating in national EEZs • Detection of support to IUU fishing (eg catch transfer, refuelling etc) • Detection of anomalous behaviour by fishing vessels (eg presence in third party ports) Detection of vessels within national EEZ Detection of extended proximity of fishing vessels where one has switched off its transponder IUU Fisheries Surveillance for West African Regional fisheries Program (WARFP) Tandem-X 24/10/2015 Sentinel 1A 30/09/2015 Radarsat 2 28/10/2015 TerraSAR-X 21/08/2015 TONIGHT!!!! Sentinel-1B launch 23:02 CEST – live broadcast @10:30 PM 22nd April 2016 Livestream @10:30 PM tonight of all events at www.esa.int What material determines the colour of water? Dark blue clear water contains….mostly just water! The blue colour of pure water is due to the absorbing and scattering properties of the water molecules…. Light blue clear water contains….mostly just water, but you can also see the bottom, in this case sand. This makes it look lighter…. (Credit: S. Bernard) What material determines the colour of water? Green slightly turbid water contains (in this case) phytoplankton, mostly because the phytoplankton are absorbing the light in the blue to photosynthesise with… (Credit: S. Bernard) What material determines the colour of water? Bright green very turbid water contains a lot of cyanobacteria or bluegreen algae. The colour comes from the mats of cells floating on the surface (Credit: S. Bernard) What material determines the colour of water? Red-brown very turbid water contains a lot of dinoflagellates (a type of phytoplankton) – a “red tide”. The red-brown colour comes from the quantity and nature of the phytoplankton…. (Credit: S. Bernard) What material determines the colour of water? Bright brown turbid water contains a lot of sediment, absorbing blue light and returning red light (Credit: S. Bernard) What material determines the colour of water? Clear green water contains tannin-like dissolved organic materials, mostly coming from degrading plant material and absorbing blue light without scattering…. (Credit: S. Bernard) Sentinel-2 San Francisco Bay Algal Bloom Monitoring Algal bloom in the Baltic Sea Baltic Bloom (Aug 2015) Coastal Monitoring Algae bloom, Baltic Sea Venice boats breakwater surface effects Courtesy K. Ruddick, D. V.d. Zande, RBINS Copernicus Sentinel data 2015, RBINS processing Coral Reefs Monitoring Sentinel-2 operations Sentinel-2 target coverage at full operation Sentinel-2 operations ramp-up according to https://sentinel.esa.int/web/senti nel/missions/sentinel-2/operations-ramp-up-phase All acquired data automatically processed and made available to users Sentinel-3 Sentinel-3a launch from Plesetsk Cosmodrome 16th February 2016 Sentinel-3A: The Bigger Picture Height of the surface SAR Altimeter Temperature of the surface Colour of the surface Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer Ocean and Land Colour Imager Sentinel-3A: The Bigger Picture–first results Model predictions Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer Ice shelf: crack 2-4 km wide Sentinel-3A track SAR Altimeter Credits Copernicus Sentinel data (2016)/CMEMS Algae and sediments Colour of the surface Ocean and Land Colour Imager Credits Copernicus Sentinel data (2016) Sentinel-3A: Thermal Signatures Namibian Coastline, 29 March 2016 Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [2016] Global SAR Sea Surface Altimetry Sea Surface Height DEM, Tides, River and lake Heights, MSS … Mean Sea level Wind and Waves Sentinel-3 will extend Multi-Mission altimetry sea level time series covering polar seas… (Credit: Remko Scharroo) ? Sentinel-3a Ocean Color SST Ocean Surface Currents http://www.globcurrent.org/ Air-sea interaction from space Global Ocean Colour ENVISAT MERIS Sargassum 28/11/2008 ENVISAT MERIS Southern Ocean Bloom 13/01/2012 In 2008 a massive Phytoplankton Biodiversity in the algal bloom in the Coastal Zone and harmful algal blooms North Sea (toxic to mussel beds) affected coastal waters from Denmark to Belgium. Starting in midApril and declining only at the beginning of May. A 300 m spatial resolution MERIS image estimated algal concentration. (Copernicus MarCoast Service© 2011 Brockmann Consult) (Credit: Stewart Benard, R. Kudela) Sentinel-3 will measure Sea Surface Temperature – a key climate indicator One day of satellite SST! Accurate to 0.3K from 814 km up in space! Try measuring your bathwater to that accuracy! El Niño 2015/16…SST is a great indicator... December 2013 (OSTIA multi-mission SST) December 2015 (OSTIA multi-mission SST) SMOS: Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission www.esa.int/smos Launched 2nd Nov 2009!! Its objectives are: - to provide global maps of soil moisture and ocean salinity for hydrological studies (Accuracy of 0.1 psu for a 10-30 day average for an open ocean area of 200 x 200 km) - to advance our understanding of the freshwater cycle -to improve climate, weather and extreme-event forecasting -Instrument: Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) SMOS: A complex ocean salinity retrieval process (Plots N Reul, IFEMER) Aim: Accuracy of 0.1 psu for a 10-30 day average for an open ocean area of 200 x 200 km Issues to deal with… Instrument: Radiometric sensitivity, accuracy, calibration stability Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) – complex Atmosphere: Tropospheric corrections, Galactic: Faraday rotations, Sky radiation reflections at sea surface, sun glint Surface: Dielectric constant of water, Roughness and waves (effect of 5 psu ~ 10 m/s) wind waves, swell, other wave characteristics, foam coverage, foam emissivity, rain… Derive 3 different sea surface salinities, according to different roughness models A major challenge! Sentinel data Sentinel data are available: Open and free Over very long term Systematically, in an operational fashion ©Copernicus Sentinel data 2015 Open and Free data access policy https://sentinels.copernicus.eu https://scihub.copernicus.eu/ Sentinel data access @ESA ESA is delivering Sentinel products on a 24/7 basis both in Near Real Time (3hrs from sensing ) and Non Time Critical (within 24 hrs) to all users ESA data access system is ensuring that at any point in time any user has access to all available Sentinels core products irrespective of their ‘age’ All users have free access to all Sentinels data, including most recent products as well as full Long Term Archives Data download is via terrestrial network featuring two separated and fully redundant outputs each of 10 Gbps bandwidth • This includes a dedicated connection to the academic network (GEANT/Internet2) 57 Sentinel data access tools @ ESA APIs scripting automatic selection download interface: for data and SNAP Sentinel toolbox Data Hub Web graphic Interface http://scihub.copernic us.eu Data Hub Server available as open source software https://github.com/SentinelDataHub/DataHubSystem . Sentinel Toolbox available as open source software https://github.com/senbox-org Scientific Toolboxes Sentinel 3 Toolbox Sentinel-3 Toolbox: • Visualisation & processing of Sentinel-3 OLCI and SLSTR data and other optical data • Uncertainty visualization and exploitation • Remote in-situ database access • Synergistic use of OLCI and SLSTR • Various OLCI and SLSTR data processors http://step.esa.int/ 59 Oceanographic Priorities for 2025 (Peter Niiler 2009) – “The oceanography of 2025 will require observations and realistic modelling of the circulation patterns that contain the vertical motion of the upper 200m. – Models will be compared not by how well they assimilate or replicate the sea-level or reproduce the geostrophic velocity, but rather by how their internal vorticity, thermal energy and fresh water balances maintain ageostrophic velocity structures and the associated vertical circulations. – This task calls for development and implementation of new methods and instruments for direct velocity observations of the oceans” Thank you - any questions? For more information http://www.esa.int Contact: [email protected]