land mollusca from hazleton neolithic long barrow

sfh--1745
l..t\lnJ lilJII .il: ,,; ,j
I,., ,( ;J J II I!Z.Lt'l '•Ji i l:t.;.>L I 'I':i ll ; Ji'l fJ ' i l;il lld J
--- -- ·--- -···--- ---4·. ------- -- -- -- - --
l·ld
w~l:i
f•H' Lhe
J.;aren t
Lern J\rc lt r.~eulugJ
t:<.i l.
I
I.
iII
' ['['I I
I h.: I
' L.
LittJ da ut ]Je n l'lar l ey bed c. w! d _Ci t
j::,
Oolite Ser-ies (see geo J.o gicc.t l
J J ·,_;
rep <·r· L bj
1111 i L o l' lit e •.it·eu l.
"'
exctivat.ion the writer rnat.ie regu l c.t r· vi td L...; '-""J
rolloy.d ug
~:, rou J-'S
spot samples);
of
Cl)ll
1
and spo t
')
Lu01 ~
sanq-' Je::; frou1 Llt •:
Le x t ::; ;
(Ji ) n urt l1 quurry
4uurry ( Co.lu mn::; Lt
U11r1ng Ll tt~
\-iu r:.> :j ariJ ) .
IJ . C.
(Cu .l u : t~ n ::;
sa mpl es).
column sa mple::; are show n uu }.<'j g.
1.
~iii )
,::_ unt.i j );
~.out !J
Tlle J uca Lioll:s of th ese
lit uJ di L ion
llll t.;
r·eflort is
conc erned with mol]u scs recover ed durjltg un - !:Jj Le waLer sie v ing a nd
small numu ers co lle cted by h 1o1 nd
lr·out ::;e l ec t ed co ntexte .
1·1u JJ.u .sc s
from s oil piLs in th e neighuourin ~ Jr y va l.leys (Culumns 1 and
J)
are not includ e d and h a ve t1 ee n lie IJ u v Pr f o r c.t fu Lur e report on
tl1e c~:~ ir·n.
soil::; anJ sediments arou nd
re~arded aS cHI archive
repo rt de::1c; r i.b i ng a 11 th e s~ rn p les analysed
(productive aud non -p r,;d u c.:Li v e)
a l-'bre vLtted ve rs ion w.i t.l b t!
tea m th e cn u uum en L itt;elf. An
f' rrlput·eJ
th e rt: s t of the environmenL.tl
moJet 'u Lely stony) foJ ., ow IJ CJ,1t:;son
s ilty clay) are pruv.i:..; i .Aw l
~a rti c l e
:.:;eJirtlents
s i ze an~:~Jy ses .
'l'1 1e
( flr .lmary , ::.;ecu rcd dl'J
fo,· Lh e publis h ed report once
uvi Je;; n c e LJ u v a j L.1.ble fur comparison.
De:..;cri['tive and yuu nU t .:; Live
(e.~.
'! 'li e pr·esenL report should b e
tcnn.::; concern.i JJ ~
Lh t~ oe diment
l 1'/ lo ).
pe nJirtg ttl ..; rt.: 5 t.llt ::; o f
tri} ..'• r· U t e c l :t .::Js i !'i <.:uL iOit o f
i:t l l l
(e.g.
l.er·ti ..tr y)
i .-> Lh .:t t
lJr. i•laci-Jwj
JiL c h
o utlin e d uy C:vaJI ~ .
( '19'/2 , !JP• )2'1-.)28) :.~till: Ltmurey \ 1 ·J!) , J 1'· 2 ~0-)00 ). The method s o f
d.nalysi..s a re tho se de:..;cr.iiJed b y J:. Vu li L; ( 19 '12 ) a cJd t1 te nomen c l a ture
.
#f
follow vla Jden ( '19'/b ).
'l 'h e Jllai n problem u ct ClH.irt Le r·e;;d 1-1 os Lit ,:
lll i;; tly co nt exts ,
l uw nuurt Je i' o r' moJ.luli C:. in
the reao u ct set.; JJI S L•• lie L..:u l o~ic.od,
tlc.is Ji11re::; Lon e
Lt ~ - ~it: l .Y no 11-cu .I c u reo u::; ::;o .i I. 110 r i z.o n&
~~ ~ ~~:L)J.• '-<
t;oth u n th e: uJ d J c:w .t s u r- L.tc ec; i !lld ~
r.u ri zu c, s i n l t•e quarc.i.e::;.
we 1:1 tlte cs s .Lo wly an d
l. hen:
ct l ' t.:
· ~.
I•
2.
8eason~bJe mo l lu ~c
the cc.drn where mttBtie:::. of srua ll l.irrttH> tOJJ t: ple c t:s
numb~r o
ita physical wea ther1 ug. l.:lecuu se
l~t~d
bueu (Jroduced by
genera J 1:; low the mollus c
1.11 ·e
diagrams have been prepure d ati histograms of aesolute numbers (ru.ther
than percentage diagl'ums).
Tllo s e histogrttme and tbe numbers ot
molluscs given on their left hand li ide, httve be e n adjusted to numbers
~nd
per 2 kg of soil (actual number,
s oJl woightu are given on th e
tables), but no further a djulitment has be en ma de to compensate for
differences in stone content.
lnstE:ud the effects of tills factor
have been summarized on accornptHlylns
diagr~;~.ms
(Figs. j and 5) which
show the numbers of molluscs in 2 ks of oedime nt compared to the
numbers i n 2 kg of fine seqimtmt ( leflf:i than O.,'jmm). The same didgrams
give a graphical summury of' changes in particle size composition.
Another factor to consider is the amouut of rock - rubbltt on the
site. Eval}e and Jones (19?3) have deruonstrC:tted the existence of rock rubbl e assemblages ch a racterized by
These live in skeleton supported
Ox~chilua,
in the vacuous interstices,
aedim~nte
e.g. between limestone blocl{e. At
Vitrea and Discus.
Ht:~zleton
such sediments are found
in the cairn and the primary quarry fills.
Matrix supported sediments
lack iateZ.stial1J.(Jaces and their mollusc assemblages should reflect 111ore
general ecological conditions.
At
soil horizons and s econdary and
terti ~ ry
l~zleton
auch sediments are the
quarry fills.
For clarity
histograms of the rock - rubble species have been grouped on the
diagrams. Also grouped are nistoBrame for the
(Punctum pygmaeum;
pellucida:
·~unctum
Group'
Bu c onulus fulvus, Neeovitrea .tia.mmonis and Vitrinu
Evans 1972, p.195), which sometimes play u significant
role in the colonization of dit c n fill s .
It should also be noted
that Ce c ilioides ac :i c ule:t, wll i ch is quite abundant :in sorne aam1·les,
i s · a burrowjng s pec ie s of littl e palaeoecological significanc e .
The old land
surft:~ ce ;
Co lumn 6
This was t a k e 11 where a tre uch through the old land surface cut
across a sub s o i l fea ture (Pla te 1). The stratig raphy of the column
was as follows: -
) .
(\
-'l-0CJII.
~; ilL :,
Du rk br·o wn ('r . :>f U ''I'' '
0-)Clll.
c l uy , ._; I , JJ~tde , , :.; , t!, l t:ye d,
:.3hctrlJ wavy l.O.IJJ ,LJ ".' · .,.,,1 · u l •dd
Stronb bro wn ('/ . ':>l't< ~· /~J )
5-6cm.
m an~a n ese
l u 11J
: .u t· t'u ce.
il'l JJJ 1J 11J v~=;r·y llarl' t, rey ()YH 5/'1)
der ,o.::; iLi v n 1 u l 1n ct • wu. v :; IJO ti! Jda ry.
Stron g; brown ( '/ . '.JY I\ 'Jjb) o.i I t y ~_: t :..,y J .:.~r·ge l y : : . tunele::; s but
6-20cm.
~u;utll t! L't! , l 1:lliJ
witr, one or Lw <)
1~t..
places, a lll'U f' t;
v y l.Ju.1 1 td ..11· ~·
Yellowi s h r·eJ ( )'i l<
2 0 -2 9Cill.
~/o )
.
c lu y w.i 1.11 abu ll llitJJ L ::.;Juull
l'ot;~iJ
oolit e piece!::i ttr.d
r·, Hl • ded ooli t e t•ie cus i n
~L t ·e:;: s l!~.d l t>
rounued
1 a b r· u !J L wuvy boundary.
Brown ( '?. :) YH l, j lt) ~li l t.'/ c luy l• <~ J Jd, t e w sto 11t! S 1 abru, ,t
2<;)- )jCJn.
wavy
bound ~.:~ry.
o/ G)
b r o wni sh _ye .ll uw l lil Yl\
)j+c ru.
,, i.Jlldy sedi ment with oolit e
sla b::;. bedrock.
1 n th e fi el J
l' e<~ l.u
Ln i,J
n :!
Le11 L:..t t i
wud
v e L.Y i u Lerpr·e ted us a
fo ss :ll tree - throw , •.it , c ha r ac:Lt: J· .i.s ti c .> !::iUt!;,_.es ting Uds were: a poc k et
of stone-free soil :in 011e
l l:..t
oth e r Jw..lf (ut 2U-2<jc: rn) O J'
11 o 1 Lh c: f i. 1. 1 1 t~ nd
th t:: prese nce in the
o l' rt;de f,O::;i l ed bedrock (pO!:l oilJJy
ZU I IL·l i
weathe ced from til e r oo t ~.;,ysLe m ) ,,verlying a lay~=;r ( 2 9 -)jcm) of s t. o iJ e
free so il • .Si 1n:i.lar f eot ur e~; : tr·e see r1
~: , ~ II
1Lford l5otton,, &:tst .Su ., .. e.x
throw i:Jl Ls
de ~ cc:i
l.J e J IJy 1,ou i
\.Jlte sa mp le w ~-.J~;;
ir1 a f ot;s il subsoil ho l low c.t
f ol' ltH; OJJi ing) a nd present da y tr ee -
1
( J· ,',' /1).
Lallte i J !'r·.~ , u
l11< :
v c:ry l, uL LoJII of t11e cai rn ( ·rub l e J)
a 11 .1 lJroJu cu.J u f e w Lll't,•~ l .i' t 't;<; J\ - J ' ll i>t. l ,~ '-' J!' c i es .
t~ollu scs
(fi~s.
2 c..nJ
j ) were urd'ortunateJ.y , .b:....enL i r1 Ll1 ,, , JJC' t: t.. .lllldbly , decalcified, s t o ne l'n:e u pper J:o rj zo n s
tlu s
COJtC
th e nuJub e r.s
L11 Si
u l' L11 e ,,Jd
vJtl t ·e
~ " ru J
1-cJJJd
I f ,t.L
ve. Curyc hi u:u Lr id e rJ Lu.
l,u rCJ, Vi trea co nLrucL<, u n .J
Ll1 · · e vi Je11Ce
L~~
1
~.z.::_~ .i.J u ~
t o as a
specif i ct~J. ly
1\c J cilliJ
i tt
Be low
ce lJ a rius
1
AegOf:ine.lla
are the muin s ptlC .i.e::::.
i s cOLi firmeJ by Lit e
ru scu wl 1 i ch !!, va ns (19 72 , IJ. 1 j~ ) refer::;
WllOd J a nd t• f"' '; i e:.;.
fr agmen Ls in lt~ ter con tex L!:i
to c. 15c rn.
th e y p r ese nt fuirl y
~~~~ l!ul :::._::~~!.E;ata
and :s u g 1:!, e. : t ohady wooJlcHI·l <:u rtdit i0 n s. 'J'I!is
significant f•cesence v f
duwn
til JI ' LJctl
tl
i t; r L!pres e nt e d only by
l!az J e t<)ll u n I i ::-; be ne.Jtally uncom1 ~ on on
Neolitt !.i c And .lvler· :o; it e! r. t\l t:i u :r l enili t>lltl
(li:indly co rr.i rnr e d by llr. 11 . 1\e r·rr f' y )
of Ver ti go
a .l. pestr i _~ ·
wid,~ J.v
was much rno re
oc c urring, fo r
il l!!
L,)d D.'/ c cJJ rfin ed to a s ma U
La k e ll i s l:ri<:L U. <~ rney 1\) '?b , ma p 7) ) but
clif..li. r · it,ui;< ~ LI
jn stan c e,
i tie n L.i ri c~:~ Li o n
; r r: ir rr l <· aperturuL fn1gment
,>J
'J'tr i :·; s p ec ltH-. i :-:
areA of Nor·t.h Wal cc ~c~rrd
i :, Lir e
ir r tir e rnid-F' l c.1 1rdriun clh rax for est
i n the au lJso iJ h11J Low etrrd bu r i ed soil at
Ascott-under - Wy clrwoocl ( Eva nr; 19? I , p. j j ) . '!'h e
in terpre tat i.on of this f e1-1 ture as u
f o ~> fi
species prese n t, l;o Let h e r wi t it tk· l"<.rct
i .I
a:~se mbl age
s u pports
tr ee hol e and so me o [ the
tltt~L
j t
i !j o v or J. td n by 20c m
of non - calcare ou s s oiJ., 1-r u gges t tl rnt .it sigu 1f1 ca ntly predates
construction of the monu ment.
F'our spot samr,Jes were ulso t CJ k e n from s ub soi J. f eo. tures (Table 1) :
1a was beside Co lumn 6 in a position co rr e spu rrlling to th e 20-25c m
sa mple; 1b, j and? were fr· orn sub:::J oi l. fealrn·es b e ]ow the main ba ulk
(their posit)ons 1He s hown on sit.P. drt.~l•dngs I1 6 1A and 4 62 A). Again
the specie..{:J present s u gges t s lJnd.Y cu nrlitions bill in contrast to
Column
6
th ere wa s a c lear predomJnan ce o f r ock-rubble species.
Pe rhaps rock - rubble e lement s from Lh e cairn ha ve penetrated into
Yacuous subs oil pockets below the mound .
IL wus certainJy
observ ~ d
in the field th . .< t vacuou s poc k e tt-:; wl tl rJn ll eist o ce ne involutlon fiJJG
contain ed occ as ion13J exa mpl es of Oxyc tdlu s.
A d eg re e of penetraUon
iG also i mplied by a s in g l P apex ol' Lir e rt! Ce nl introduction Candldula
spf' • in sa mpJe 1u.
Othe r Hpec:ie G Jn lilr!:.sC· .spoL l->a mpl es are likely
to der i ve from earlier 1wodlarrd, e.g .
tridentatum.
~d c uJ a
fusca and Car,ychium
'l'h e o th e r s pot t; a mp Je 6 11 29 was from the s t o ne - free
old l a nd t.i Urface, thi s co nt ai n ed no t--1o Jlu sca nor, generally
did the man.v sn mp] es o
Unfortltnately,
J
s pe ~ k ing ,
LhP s a me layer sie v ed on site ( see p.
9 ).
t herefore, nroJ. lrt .scs do noL p rovide us with a11y
pa l aeoe nv iru nrn e ntuJ r ecord be tw een the episode of probably pre Neolit h ic wood .l t1 nci a nd the conslruct.i () n o f
we will
~· v e
the mo nument. }'or th is
to rely on poJlen and pedol og ical e vi d ence a nd o n the
num erou s cht.l r·coals and th e se eds from a la.ver o f burning on the old
I a nd
B III' foce
i lse 1 f.
..
_) •
'l 'he rt u r· t It quurcy;
Cui ll fl l!; _ . ~ .
l-out - c o na tru c lio,,al e nvtr·" ''''• t ll lL• l
sequ e: nce of flf.ldimenl s
k 11 ce i :; r•c u vid1-: d UJ tJ
itt !lte cpwn·i c::t.J , f•t..r· t. i c. tlur] y Cu.iuum 2 ir, tit.:
north quarry clo::;e t u tit., c u ir11
were engendered by
t.. VI
ll ltJ. _,::;
(i·lt~L e
wlter·e c c.Jc cu·eoua c o ttlll.Llon :o
i .L)
wuo tJ ng ,,f uoJ i Le I" rom tne ct:ti rn. The
stratig raphy was a S foJJuw H; 0 -22cm.
22 - 76cm.
Dark bro wn (7. 1t YH 5/C. ) c i <tY
lo u m, sli ~ htly tJt u ny, clear
wavy boundttry.
topsoil.
h ·e o tH ll
c.luy
Dark brown ( '{ . ) YH l, j lt ) .~ J a y Joam, abund t~ nt s malJ and
medium oolite pi e c e:; , ctbrupL wavy
bound~;~ry.
'l'ertiary
quarry fill of co tluvJum.
76-<)0cm.
Heddiah brown ( )Y i~ lt j lt) •:lc. .Y lui.rn v1it n exLretnely abunJctut
small t:t 11 d rn e uium o o Li Le l,i e <..: t-: S , aurupt wCJ.vy bound&ry.
l•'urther t o
stabili.-.a tioll
90 - 'i46crn.
twr Lh Ltils lt.t y er ue Cl:lrne a stone-free
ilt cJ
Lay t: r
~ t
Lhe Lop of tile necondary filL
UeJdish bro wn l ) YI\ ltj lt) cJuy Juu m with abundunt oolit e
pie c es' few e r :.; LOII e1:i Low u rdo tile ua .s e'
'l'lte top of tlti s
pi e ce::> fr o 1n
Lh,~
J.uy t c i-.1 rrtcu ·i{c d tJy
~raduul
l a r~e
wavy
bo u n ~l a r y .
tt:tbular oolite
c.: uirn. !.l ecumlucy fi .ll.
·1 46 - 192 cut. llrown ("/.5 Yl{ ) j lt ) sj l.L j ' c L J:; Jourtt with abunda.nt meJium
and
la.c~::.e
.Liu,e :..; Lu ne ,,j <;; ceo. Wltliin the layer are zoues of
d.::trlc brown ( '/ . ) Yll 4/ lt) o t o rt t:J- fr e e s o iJ repreoenting
colLtpae d L,u·vd :3 t"ro1d th e dil c li eJ~e (e.g. 1.)6- ·toOcHt).
The ba sal 30 cttt uf til i .:i Luye r w , : ~j brownis h yellow ( 10 '{ H b/b)
marl with abutttlunL o u l.1Le pj ec e ::; ,
1-'rirtli.Jl'Y fill.
The pos s ibl e fallen tucf dl ·Jrjo- ·J60c m und ne:..;rby a}'Ot a il lliplt:J :>
ur
tucve:.:; (C ontexts 5Lt, )~) CJt id )"/ ) c;,.>r,t .:l in e: d some c ha rcoal and
c aJ cined bont:J confl rrnin~ Lila L Lh e y were derived fr·om the old lund
::Jurfa ce. They wer ·e uev o iJ o f
Jvl ollusc .::~
as
wt~s
the remainder of the
p rimary fill.
'.l'he second u r·y fill li' ')gs. 2
t~nd
j, '1'1:1bl e
ll), contained
Cl.
l a rger number of rno llu ::. c::. u nLI u wider rttngerJf s pecies Lhun an,Y oth e r
/
context on the site.
Lur g e r Hunt bers in this lay e r are partic ula rly
6.
tq.Jpdrt:IIL
of the
Ull
Ute t!,l'<.q .li ()
r
IIJ U
I I u . ~ L.
llUtllt .. : l'tJ
:j t o n e~;
'Li1luUng eft'e c L' tJI , tliOt'e
(
l•' i
c:; . j)
Wid C i t Luke ::;
ciCCOUIIL
jn the S t; COildury fiJ L
Curioutil,Y, ti1 e moLlu ::,c a::.s entllla ge l t3 J u q :, e uuJ quiLe diverse from
the ba.s{< of the Bec o nd;.ry fill awl tile only hint of o. coloni:.dng
as6ambla~e
at this level
hammonis.
Desplte tflis, none of the asdemulage tleema likely to
is the alJghlly lurger number of N&sovitrea
derive from the old land au r
devoid of Mollusca.
ft;~ce,
fresumubly,
th e
~urf <.~ ce
horizons of wt1ich are
Lll e r <! fOI-e, tt1 e quarry sides were
rapidlJ 6tabilized and colonized. 'l'lle !j lJe CJe .s c oncerned are largely
shade-loving, the ouly representaLjve s of !!:vans'
Dis cu s , Vi Lrea lind Oxychil , , ~;
grouping being small numbers of Va llooias .
are among the mo s t abundant !Jut
asseu1bl~ie
tl1i::~
(1l)7 2 ) open couutry
cannoL be a purely rock-rubble
because they are here ustlociat.etl with a much wider range
of other species including the Aegopinellas,
Cctrychiun~members
of the
Punctum group and cu.t!Jollc specie:.; w1 :lch l:ire rer.oortedly rctre or
absent jn r"ock-rubi:Jl.e U ;va ns and Jone::;,
1~?)).
I·Jor dllles it seem
likely that this a .':i<.;embla(:!,e could l'ef1ect locullzed slJo.de created
by the quarry and tt'1e mu nument it o elf jn ctCJ otherwi::;e open landscape.
Such an a .::; semblttge can t,e presurneLI to be mucll less diverse and wouLd
surely contajn u lar t:, er nuu1ber of open country species. 'rhe whole
&b s emblage
land.
j;:;
rnuc it l-Jtu L we wuuld exr;ec t in IHt ar e u of lirnestone woo d -
lt i11cJua es
~nu
lllCJnLuna,
Loday found in o ld Colswold wo od::; , o.nd
its prt!domiuanl s p8cie !.:i , Curychiu .01 t:rjJent u Lurn, may well r<: fl ec t an
accumulcttion of leaf liLLer in the quarry.
] n the stablli zo. t Lon horizon
<.1
t
t11 e L(JJJ of tl1e tJ ec o mhcy fiJ J
mol J usc num bers are ver y .Low anJ Lhe1· e rua y we 11 be ar1 hj iJ tu ::; in
mo llUSC preuerv o.
~;~nJ
t.i U ll
botw(;efl '/tl 611J(1 (i() ~ lfl.
l-' ro b~;~bly
th e lllOtiUIOeilt
l[Uarry we re now v ege t u le.l a11U no l o n g er weaLlH:- ring
1.0
Jlruduce
fctvourable condilion:3 f o r mo llu s c life .:uld t' ce serv _. tion. There
follow ~::.
a n episo de Ju r Jn g wt1ic h L11 e c olluviul Le rLJur y fill a ccumuliJ LeJ, by
tt1i s
t~me
eco J o ~ 1 c al
cu nd jtiun::;
IJ <.~ d
t;tJ a nc.e d dra nuUcally. The as:.;emlJl u"'
in dorn1n a lt!d by tiJ e Va J.l o ni a:-J , t!elit;elJ a iL !.d i1 a11 u the Limucidue.
Jt
i s re s tri cLe d i n Le rm:s of boLt! nuuilJ e rs an d :.:q jec j c.s u nd protJt1bly
reflects r u th e r unfuvou n , lJ Le , !' r u l.oalJly <H '<.ti.Jl e , CCilnrii tions • .Shad e -lovi11 1 _
S [J• !C :ie s u r e o uly pa t c hil y t·e pres ented c. nd o f
Lhe ~; e
mosL are rock
,
·; .
rubble ep e cj es wliJch
l1 u v ~
t.~ lrno ::; L
w ~ u lll e t · ed
..:e ct ni n l y
f ro m Lhe c a irn
itself. At ~· 4 5 cm !l e t ic ~ ~- iLtd u i :; 1· •q l u ct·d u y Ca ndidul ..., int c r sec t .':l ,
.
a Hedi e va.J. inlcodu c li o n (1\ t!l'ne,y
tertiary fill i s
M e dj ~ v u J
·1 ~ 1
6 ),
Ll1e u ppe r
Ll'nw
porti o n of th e
or l u l e r .
The north 911 a rry: co lumn ) .
This was lak e n c . 2 ) c tu fr o m Lit.. ,; uJ
I'll
whe r .., the quarry se riiment o
contained a much small e r proporL jo n o f oolite pi e c e s.
•~er e
this reason no molluscs
Probably for
f<m nd in th e Lhl· ee s amples on wtd ch
preliminary analysis was don e .
The south quarry: Co]umn )
'rhis was taken .).5m frolll lhc:: lJ p o f
Llw quan-y udj a. cent Lo the
cairn (Fig.1 and Plate 111) ut a JJOj n t wh e re there wus a high
proportion 9f limeston e pr eb ent a nd wher e mul1u sc o hud be en r.o teJ .i.n
the field. 'rhe straLi e!, r ii !•lly w2.1o <•.:; foll o w:.; : 0 - 25cm.
Dark brown ('I . ) YH lt / 4) s ilt .J. oa rn wiLl 1 n1uny sm~:.d1
u u lite
pieces, abrtl! , t Gmoo lh bound ury . Cu l t:i vu ted soil.
2.') - 95cm.
Dark tJrown ( '/ • .') YH 4;'4) s i.ll l vct m wi t h abundant s mall
oolite p i e ce s , g r·et dual s moo tl1 bouw1c.ll' Y. Te rtiary fill.
95-115CIIl, Stron e; bro w11
(';. ~ Y H
medium anJ tHIIi.dl
Arpe~:~.rs
to
u
of yellowi o il r e d
~· iec e s,
zun tl o f
( ~1Y i { ~) / G)
ooli. te JJ i eceb .
edge.
ou lLL e
r e~ r e :3 e nL
1'1 :.,- 19 1c lll. Yellowist1 r e J
ston eG a nd
1
5/ C..) s and y l uar11 wi til abundant l a rge,
c l e .... r wa.vy boundury.
w e;;.~ tl1 e 1 ·e J
pri11Wry f1Jl.
o1l 11dy I Oet lll wi tl1 extremely abumi u nL
-..Jitltit, Ll;iu l t.~ ,ye r, a t 1411 - 14 6 cm. was a zo 11 e
( ) '/ !-<
~, rob d bl .Y
4/6 ) s ilt J uu. m wllicl1 wus free of
repr·o .s e nt s
f :J Jlen turf frorn the quaLTY
1--- rimc-. a·y fill.
Tht! prillla r y filJ
i nc l ud in ~
U11;
j>O.s o iul e
F)i s y.. ..J. !;' ·
virtually devoid o f rn o .Llu .s cs (l'tible 'In) a n d the lay e r ut 95- 115crn
produced only smul 1 numbe rs .
t.o
eculo ~ .i ce~ J
uomin <:wL and in tlii :s column t!1ere doeo n u t
fill
g rou I' wa s cleucly pre ~ J · p e ur
Lobe
e~
secondury
to para llel th u t :i n t t; e nu rtli qu a rry, j ns teet d th e hori z on ut;
~· 95cm
looks lik e a slopill !j weGlthering &n,j e r us .io 11 surL1ce • .:.:iec ondu cy
d.
fj I j
Je[ ,O::d
CJ JJL <.: x t.~
Ls
.. ei'U I
It O .;~ nd
i'ror11 w.• i .: tt
' l t J tj
1nolluscs to tl,o:;;c:
c< .rJ
.v<!
c:c! tt Ll' e IJy
lj ll : ll'l' Y
l u lJut ·., Lu i' .Y :,u fOI ·lt.!o' ui
CO III[ •· •l'f.:
L ~JI )
Ll lt: -.• t!
l' l 'u ll l
Ll l · ~
IIU , l i
v o l'"" "~
rr,uc; h l :." ·Lec
f i ' O III
011 - .::lite ::; iev_ingl r e::-. ltiL ::;
s imilar
[ ' <= j • Cl; : , t; JlL t: d
li UWtl V t: L',
u l wu tl [J(·uce:jc;e u du r j n g
o l' :ji JID!
l ,'/ j Jh 'j
J e i.Jl'8 urLk tdJy
l;:jc y c ldllill t.r · .lde ~ ~- ~~~ J l' • :do llljn u Lt~ ci 1 very much so
('l'~:~ble V).
ir1 the 1..dt e s ieved :., w ll t ·l es (r o m Co nttL>< t ·Ju u . VlLn:u
fairly nume rous, uxy ch i ]u :.:J
Car,ychiurn aml a rtUI E;e o f'
l e ;~s
ao
r
~ ,IJ 0C
o Ll le
1
f.J i :.;cus etre
l.ut th e ir c.t oJ .:; oc i a Lion here with
1
I.e :.;
l:i U bLt: :.:;
rock-rubble a !:i::; ernblag e u lt ci .i s liK e Lj· Lu
'l'o some extent, theref ore
IJtlU
1
Lhe se c ond u ry
Ls
Lll
c:L'l e ...: L u
is
1s
not a. purely
d e t:; rt~e
of s ha de.
f i lJ d::,.::; eiul>lu t, e:::; frum the
two quarries ar e !dmila r bu t t11ey may not be ab :.>o lu tely c oe val .s ince
'l'ric hia s triola tu appear .s Lu be a Lset• t from Lhe s "u th quarr y and the
latter assemblage i s also ruther more imp o veri s hed.
The
overlyin ~
tertL.~ry
different assemblage,
fill
nlJOv~ ~·
\j)C IIt.
ltl~tO t,S l'Lil!l
the CurJ'Chlttm
predominant ap e cies - tlt e Va Jlonias 1
produc e d
4u_ite
i.i
f o d e s a nt and the
~ ,:e ll a
:i t <.~ l a :.. 11J l·'l.ll· illa
rnuscorum ha ve upetl cour,tl '.Y e colo g ic t:t l prefer e n ...: e:.;. 'l'tt i:..> i s rr.uch whut
we would expect fr o m tht! c o 1Juviul 1 Ill' ab c.. uly i.J I'Gtble
t;e diment s them ::; elves.
J. rt s I i~h t con L t·as t.
Column 2 tl!i.s lay e r J o 2:... co ,, t a in
:.~
1
twLu r '" o f Lhu
Lo Lite tertiury fill in
f t:: w s h u de-l.oving 1 pa rticula rly
rock-rubble speci es , tl. o ugh very n,u c lt pat c hi.l ,y sc attered in a way
wlliclJ su gb ests they ure cl e rivt!d. 'l 'l1e 1.ntro du c t!d lle J i c ellids
interae c ta and Ce rnuelLu
vi1· ~ ta,
a r-e: onl y pt· ese llt
t o tJ, e
1
CantliduJa
b ;:~t; e
of
the pr e sent-day topso:i 1, thu s littl e ,Jf the Lerli u r .J fill in this
part of the south qul;ll"r _y sue 111s t 0 have a ccl trlltt1u ted itt i'Ie d:i e va.l l;lctJ
J:·o s t - l·· iedieval tim es .
'J.'h e sou tl! quc.rry: CoJ llfllll I~
'l'h:is came
edge
from th e
e:~ :; l
L..tc e ul' Lh e
( l'lu Le 1 V). The s LI'iJ t j t~ r ·a J; hy wc:w as
0-20 crn.
lllt~ in
btwlk 2111 from the 4Uc.tt-ry
fo l.J ow s : -
Dark reddi.:> ll bro wn ( ) YR j j Lt) cla y Joa m wi tl, ma ny me dium and
sma.ll oolite t•ie ce r::;, cleur ::; ,noo th uound u ry. Cu lL.lv tt lud
top s o il.
.c'0-6 '1cm.
Brown ( 7 . 5 ~H 1; / 4) clay loum wlt1 1 a buwl tJ tlL sm~;~J.l c.tn -1 111 e liium
oolite pi r: ce s , c 1 e ur am u oth bound u ry.
'J 'e rli .:~ r y
fjlJ.
_tJ :l e c e s, &lJrttpL wu vy llouu Ju ry.
I a Le
r ·d
Lr, Lil t:
I Iy
, , ( Jtl
Lr, Lit e r e
ure Lw o s l o u e - rc ee :, t u bil i zu Ll u ll lto r· i z um> w' t.l drt Lt 1i o l u:;e r,
Li t.-: u Llt,; t· Cv • n~ .s p o od
on e c o rTeopondifl g l u ::_ . G"i- '/Uc lll,
i n E.
Lo
its base. Se cond u t·y JjJJ.
9~ - 16t> c m.
Yellowish br o wn ( 'IO 'i l-< 5/d) Sd rtd .Y J u .'J ifl
w1
L11 aiJ ttll J<:JlJL l ur-e>_e
aud medium La uu J a r uu lile pie c e :.,, Wi tlliu t iJi G
'111 - 1 5 ~CITI
WI:Ab
3
at
:t.o u e o f y&llowj :JlJ r e d ( _7Y k 11j0 ) clay lou 111
presumably f a ll e u t op;oil.
P r1utary f .iJ l.
'I'lle number of mo ll u ::; c :.; i :;, v er y low,
gruphed but Clre p r ese nt e d i11 'J'1:.1 ble lV.
fJU ti~:~ ib.J. e
the 11rimary fill a nd the
luy ~.:c
1;0
t-io i
L !J~
lut~ cu
n :: :.;ui L:.;
l ~t.JV c
11 0 L b c: e n
wer e ub Gent from
f a ll e u tucf wr,i c li di u , h o we v e r,
contain u quanU ty of chi:i c co ul a u u s ou1e cuJc.int-!d IJC.JJt e co rtfirmitt c?; LL .. L
iL Lierived from th e old l .:.. 11 J .s ucfc. ce .
1 re !:; erv Htiou factors probCi bly
account for low mollu s c n .wtll e r s in the secondary fill.
country und sha de - loving ,; pe c i es &t·e pre sent s o we h c.; ve
her e l'or the shady e pis o d e see n in
166.
th e north qu c. cry
t~nd
l:loltl OIJen
11 0
e vi de nce
co nL e xts I; U
'I'itis may be due to !J !' < :~. e l' V <J. Lion or a. n epi s od e ol e ro s l 0
Hore direc Ll y c ompa r <J ble to the othe r c u lun111s i s
t e rtiary fill
wher ~
ttnd Helie ell id s .
spec ies
the nt.::d n
He re, nee. r
S f.> c: C:
c.. L Lit ~
11
quarry edge.
o l• 1
t he
i e s are the L.imac :i dtt e , th e Va Jlo n i u :5
lh e e dge of the qu a rry, th e in t.r oduc e d
Cand i dul a inters e c t a ext e nds t o the t.Jase of the terti a ry
fill.
Molluscs from the ::d . te si e v i 11g pro1:5re.mme
During the excavati o n co ns jd e r a ble vu J.ume H o t' tJO il we r e s J ov e d
for artifacts and pla nt mtt c rofos s .ils. 'I'h e water - si e ve u s e d wa s
construe ted by Bruc e LevJ tttu for lli. s
~·JOrl{
at Uley ( Le vittw, 1')t)2 ).
The . soil was di s sC~ g gr e ga t tl d witu ttyJrc",g en fH:Il'uxi tl e und s ieved on
mesh sizes of 4mm, 2mm, 1mm ttnd 0 .5mm. Th e f] o t and sediment r e tain ed
on the sieves v1as th e n sorted in the luborutory by N. wa tson.
('l'uble V) were found in
1:1.
Mollu scs
number of sa mf'ie ;:; a n a can be treat ed a s a
se mi - quunti fied :.:;c.nq, l e f o r comparis on w:i t h th e mollu sc columns.
(i)
Old land surfa c e .
6 1 sttmple s we r~ si e v ed . Thi s umounl ed t o
~5 8 , 0 00 cc. consiu e rin t~; thi s volume th e r·.:: wer e f e w mo lluscs .
hos t
lu .
tl1e r ece JJL
(ji)
in
Lr·od1 1C t. i u
11
be .bw eell pav Lng s
l or~<:~~,
sin~le
Lll u
.l11
s mall man-u,a.de ce~ver11 1
A
:> OJ. IIIj · t,~
::.)o ulh Cliw11be 1·. U i iEl
<;II
(
1 ).~~2 )
)\JUUcc Jr 0 111 lll!llei:i tlt
u t"
llld Jt: t·. ,\1::;
1
w.. ...~l
Ulle
.t
ex.p.~c l,
i did
ir1 th i.:_;
Ll"' ruch. t·uiJbl. e Sjll·:c i eL u t'c: l,redumic ,an l ( ')2;.;) .
t ·~pet. l.d o
exc.uuple o r l•y c,:,:ll i .Ju L l
iv ::; lliny
,,robU IJ]y
i.L IIJ
r~ce riL
( seep. 11) .
Co ntext y).
(Jlj)
edL:,e of the north
(iv)
\~onLext o
lme
'->W ilJ
.l e (
::;u m ~de•j
16b. t•'our
fro~n
a t-it on t ile
w0 r e oie veJ co ,,!p rL:; ill b 2'?0UO cc
)~1U6)
wer· e unu .ly :..;t! J
cu Ju.~.n
The resulL o are di ::; cu : ..s ed 1111J P. r
Contexl 40.
'1000 cc
0 1·
lJ ilLI I't' J .
a nd two furthsr stt mJ ].::::::; ( .):J U) ;
(v)
lLt ~u ))
l u l.Jorc.~tory.
i.cl the
) .
'l'wo Sl:ulq , l es wece aie ved (1 2UuU cc) a nd one wus
ctnalys e d in.the l u bor:.. Lol'y. '.l'IJt: I 'e tH tlL o ut · ~ d i. oc u c.::;cd uud e r
(v i ) ContexL )27. Cil a t' Clla .l !:'l jJI'e L•J
at the top of th e ~~ ri nl u t· y r i l l .
were sieved,
~
01 1
column).
th e e d ., e ui' Lhu ::>o utlt 4uurry
:3even SC.J. IIip.l e;.; (lj .':j Led on Ta ble V)
c~.
tot al o r jdUUu
~r· edom ir wLd.
but th e rock - r u u ble
c_: I' OU [ '
( vil) Context jj/3.
Le n ., o t' lntcnt Old Leri u .l .i n th e low t!st stat.Jlliza tl on
ho ri:L;on in th e so ull t 4lWtTy.
( Jli <J
cu11tained few JnoUu sctj. ']' ltu :.:. we
~; iL!Ved s~ m~J e
<: .J ll
(14 259) of 1JU00 cc
tlriiw n .J fi r m co n c lu sion ttbouL
ecolog ica l comUti o n :;; .tiL Ltw LL'''! u r thi :... ::;b. bill z...t tlon ltor izon.
JIC.J.lll1-pic l<ed mol ]u s c:;
During the excu vu ti u n rna
.sn,l:l. .l l u l'eus ( 'l'u ble V).
::;potted.
l l u sc~
ware co
ln e v :lLa l>ly o nly Lite
One iH'ea CO IJ Ce rn e d
Wi.l/;;
a ti mall
ll e~
Le u b y h&ttd
L.:~ r t,er
}J ~ tl't
5 lJt:!C ies were
o r tit ,, cairn inte rs Lic <d'
wh e re Ux ychilus cellariu s acco unt ed for 200 o f Lh e
predicta bly prese nt i.s ll t:! l ld g una Japici.da
~2 1
de sc rit.J~d
s he lls. Also
l.Jy
Cameron ( 1<)'(<), p.1<)9) a s oceu rriug i n h ole s and cre vi ces
t, round.
Arie~n
fro m two
Kerne ,y a nd
011
rocky
!land c o.llec Led 0 J.Jecl cu e n ti und s o 111 e · .Jf Ln o :-:l e from th e site
Lu a rbu s t oru 111 !a lltdd1t.i
u 11
Lo ~~~ :.l J·P.
1\II I U tl ~
Lhe ltOJ.nd co 11 ec Le d
·t '1 •
shells
~:~.re
odd exonq .Jt:t:i of
<: er~u<d . I L•
vlr · 1 J• ~ ~,,,d
~" ccuj ~,~ l a
in cer ~ ;ec la
wuich &re clea r·ly jntr·u ::dv• · tlu·utlt!;lc the cc.. ic ·c, IIIL e r s U t: e u . 'l'hc ot11er
context (L112) rrom which a
rew r11oJ l usc :.>
the south burial chamber 1odcere o!ll y
ec e ,;u iJ tJc LeJ lly hwn:l was
~~~~~ ::_~ llc..riu~
t.wd Dj ::. cu s
rotundatus were found.
Conclusions
Some of the moJlu ::;c oJ •E:C i c .s
<AI'S
uf .l lll e c·e:..; L vlicet• contJ,JaceLI to
evidence for their moJeru uis trj_bu tlo11s
c..::;
mu pJ .ed by 1\ e cney 11}'/6.
~Lrildn ~:=;
Attention has already be en dr-- wn to the mo:>L
Instance:
Vertigo alpestris frow the s ubsoil hollow. Couver::;e Jy the absence
of Pomatias elegans is noteworthy
p~rLicul u rly
since ut Condicote
(Bell, 1980 ) it was r-epresented by u o ill!)-t! non-tq..~ .ic a l frag mertt in u
post-Neolithic layer and at A.scoLt - urcder-Wy c hwoud (l~. vun s 19?2 , p.1 ~ L•)
it was absent from Neolithic c o rt Lex tt:l bu L ! •re ::;e n L by
l~u cnttn
t irne s .
l t
was, however, present at NeuliLidc Ny cupt>.fieJd ) ) hm to Llle south wes L
(Speoeer 1'3?9; Kennard 1'338). Do 0 s this ucean tha t i t hu J not spr•: t.H1
to the northern CotGwolda lJy tld.s period
O!'
Jhi its f.Jr e fereuce f u r
strongly calcareous conditjons restrict iL fr·o ;n Gite s s urrouuded by
lur~e
tructs of t.on - calc a r·eous soilrt
~:wotl t c c
P,yramidula rupe s tri::i i :.>
Neolithic levels: one
~ roGu bly
re c ent
inL ~ l·eaL.ic tl~ i:t ll ::; ~::nLee
(gJo ~ :_j y )
ft·om
s h e J l c ame from the
south chamber (Sampl e 13222 ) and a possible non-apical rragment from
the upper levels of Co lu1un 2 .
ln con tr;;..s t a r·e l.l ::. sembluges from
modern dry stone wttll s urottrtd Upp tl r Barrow Gr-ound, 'l'hc ::> e were exum:ined
as analogues for Lhe c ott t> Lru c Lionu I. Ly very slmileir Neolithic cairn
and pa rticularly i b:J e x
L<~ rnal
rev e tment walJ.
Fine sedi ment wus
du s Led from betw ee n tlc e s ton e:j at four surnpl .i 11 g f•Ointt:;:('I)
Wall north of ctd rtc n o rth fa c e.
Trichia s trio .! tl t a
(2)
(3)
- 6');
i--:LrandduJa ruEestris
- 2.
Wall east of c airn,
Trichia strioluta
) 6 gms .
-
ea~
t face. 2j gms. l·yra.midu]a ruEestris
-
? 0;
2.
Wall east of cu.iru Wt!::.i L t't! c e 1.
Trichia striolHta - 1;
33 gmt>. I·yrnmidula rupestrif::i - '•bi
L:Jrnacid<:~.e-
1.
('t)
Wci.IJ ei:J 1..i t uJ' c; uiL' £1
\..J • ·
w e n~
1-lo:: :; L o J' Lhe mollu tiCti
. 1.
'\ ')'/-~ ,
f'h~;~s e
the fea tul'e uelow
lJ
111
Li~t ·
.:v iderl<: t.'l l' 1·o u.
lc c: r•~
·tlld
l L. . vj ,·Ltt.J.J ;_; tJ:J •.: ccce fro ... wh;,L ntuot
~ · c e ili :j t.orjc
}\ .o;(;O
h , rJilul s .
l L-l l tl der - Wyci iWUOd J " " t:. barrow ( !!:var. :.s 1';}'11) 2) h.ttl
IL,z lt~ lot,
upper levels o1' the uld l ;tt •d
quantity of
.. 1
pr t d u udn a uc e
Ll1t:
l' J..ll'u !.c... b ly pr.: - t. ~o liLtd c c .L.irnu x w o odl <.~ rlll !·i.irallel i 11g
to the eb.st. Sadly CJ.t
for pre- monuruent
vi e1~
!•· I )') ) f o r
have been very simiL· r·
represents a
( oicic.:J) IJII L d t:ud u ttJ
L' •:c t: ccL
of lJ. rupeslri s i ::.; J ll:!.:.d i r,t:
el::;ewhere (Evans
l . tc :e . .
cle ;.~r· ;Ht Ce
charco~;~J
on
we
ll i t V ~
L>t~rfa c e
fullowt~d
to co"' i'ure w1 Li , the ,1::; cott evid e :lc •:
lJy OJ •<i ll !o!,l'<t.; s l u trd con d itj o us. Tlt e
lli.t L. lelor, oJd
L\ lL:
c o t i ~ ; Lr'LH:UoJJ
fact of tile monument' :::;
11 0 cnu llllS C<.Ht eviuen ce frorn th e
clearance and di::::;turban c e.
Ltr HJ :JurL.tCl' a nrl Lhe ve r y
toea,
l!U~J ev ~::r,
irn}JJy
<J.
...: ec, r e e o f
l:-l'obabl. 1 thl b c le a rint;" diLl n u l cover
V ct:::> t
tracts of tl1e land ::; c a pe L, eC:tt.b t! by t11e LJ11 oe ul' Lhe s ecundary fi .il i11
the quarries tl1ere
for
tld s comes frorn
j ::;
evi dt..: clcc t'ol' :c.11 ady c• mdJ Liun ::; . C)eur eviJ e rn.: e
C olumn
south quarry wtwr e Column
.~
>
in Lht: nortb lJUurry but not i'r 'Oill lhe
ll c-J d
l ~ I'O B i O t l
Btl
oUl'fa c e uelweert tllt.; l•r
HII 1:1C 'Y
aml Ler tiary fi J 1 l:t lh i Colu tll lt It prod ttceJ very low numb e rs o r rr1 o 1.1 u ::;cs .
The episode of ::;h a cl y c ont..ij
1
iu1c :.> wuu
1
howev e r, repr e senteo in Lli e sou Lh
quarry by spot sarnp.L es fr o nt Cu n Lexb It O and 1L6. Ap~:~.rt frou1 L1 1e ov e red I
olwde - loving natur e of th e :s eco nd 11 r y tJJJ <H:io ernb l tq.!Je the c o ntr ... ~t
between conditi.ons th e n and
individual SJJecies.
~r1 u
fl ol W
m o tllul l~
i ::; ur,derlin e t..i by o cc un ·euce s of
I .J
Lu L1 :..1.)' a t; pec j (:s (, ['old woo .:J J c111d,
jn Lhe county of 1\ v o n it i s r es Lr·i c t e d Lo u
valley near Butil.
f, ~ w
(1-' . 'l'c..t e r s li c: IJ, 1-'e r s .con.m.).
(1968, p.d~6) lus sugg est e JJon tile ua sis of
jt::;
old wood s in the Avon
liowever, Kt:rn e y
o cc ur-rence on
archaeological sil e o (inclu d ir' t.. Nyrro p::::; fi e ld)) th c.t t iL w&s l (; ::.; S o t'
~;~ rbu .s t u ruu.
anthrophobe in the ptiot.
,\ dt.tllti:l
dam p.:: r a nd more v eg etutet..i
~o n d Ltiot tS
a~;
a 11
lil{ewise su g g e st s raLn t:l r
d o many othe r
speci ~::s
from
th e prehi s toric conte x t s .
t-ioJlu s c a naly ,:_; es fro11 . the Ati Ct• tL - unJer - ·w ycltwood q 11arries are
no t fully publi 0 h e d but Ev c. r.s a nd J o rJL-s ( '19'? .5, fJ.11b) bri e fly note
U u t. a sec ouJ or thir ·d rnill .; rltliurn i ll: L,Lt dttd ::;oiJ i u l.lJ e 'i uu rry fiJJ
pro d uced a woodlar .li aosem u l..e; t: in
~11d c rc
tl te J.r e Jli min ..wt S t-- c:c i e..; we r e
1 ; ...
ilt u tch e~
Lh e SeC ulld .. ry !'t II
contpari80n
j::;
wi Lit fvlo I l
i11 ll <•z l c: t lJ 11
t~. , c; , ,
to tlie n or· tl1 -eu::.; t (Be ll,
,_.t'() llt tit .; d
1
· :ullllltll .' .
1l
cI t
"1
.;,. t" i i •:u L•·
12 km
·l jo( J),
shude-lovio g :.;pec i es and l t1 ere w;_"; a llh iCit t· i c l, e r·
sp •~ cies
t l~ll /5"
,_, ,, ::,entld..~ge
c,r ::;ucb
l.n tl!e .!Seco ndary fj I 1 LI IIHl io an :; td . Ute tlu:.de t o n uu llt pl e::;,
BeLLer pre;.; er vC!ti Oll Cit CCJ Jld .i cuLe .io JlrO llcd.Jly uue LtJ ct•ologict:d f ac tor:_. .
Since the Gondicote ditcl,
ve ~.:, e
Wclo
Go
::~peedi l. r
coJo J, izeu t; <.J haJ e
pr·oducin ~
t!i ti on i t see ms ver.v J i l'e I y Lh e mon utuen t was c ort ::> Lt·u c t ed in u
largely wc,oJed landscape. lJ J· .
Luue l .Su,i i.I J ( 1'//) , ,, • .r'/ ) h.:.u; CJrgued,
by analogy with Asc ott -under-Wyc hwo o .J a n d t·. vw i:_. ' We ..•bex work, thut
each or the Cots wold Ne ol itlti c monurn e nt u
pulch of Neolit hic
arabl·~
or fk t:;ture",
j ::;
11
li h.e ly to rel'l ec t
tluwe ve r
1
we n n w
~ktVt!
tt
e vi den ce
from both Hazl e to n and Co 11dlcote Uwt th,J cu llLe u!f,oru r :t L..tnt..i r:;ca pe wu ::.;
not as clearet..i
c.~nd
i cun e :t::; Lh i.:; SUt!;t;es L6. t;er tuinJy :i n Lite oase of
Hazleton the tiny numbe r· u f i.:l clifacL:5 fr o 111
and to some d egree als o ll• u co'" i o s i t i.ou
'' I'
l ' o ~ t -c on :.:. L ructiuntil
conl~xLs ,
Lhe mollt w c u:..;se rn bla 0 e in
the secondary fill, s eew t.o !tin t u t u li LtJ e v i:.;,i t ed rr.o ntun e n t well
away from th e foci of hu .a n act ivit y,
Acknowled ~ ements
I am grateful Lo Ni. ,: l.
', J;. tl ~ ;u n
a11d Jul.i e :;Jwc ld elf, JI for -.t :;:;isla n ce
with th eJe analys es.
l<eferences
!:Sell, M.
(1 ~d0 )
'Lund I•JuJ l. u:.;c~:> und olhe l' pa lae oe nvi.ronm er. t <..J
e viden ce rrom Cu nd.i cote ll enge, Uloucestet ·., J,jr e ' . Unpulll
Ancient 11o num e nL s Lauoratory Report No .)2)7.
i. s !J,~ 1
(for th co ming): 'V a .Ue y St d l tnent s as e vi de n CEJ o t' l' t·eltisluriu
land - u n e on the Sut1t l1 Down12 1 1 f-ro cee din g: ;___ ~ f th e .1:--l · ehi s tori .~
Soc iety •
1 Haldbt c iJa llg L
.t'vuns, J.G. (19 7 1 )
·S on th e ca1careo us .so i ls of
Britain; Ltlt? inq .a ct of Neolithic ma n'.
ln S impaon, D.D.A.
( ed. ), E;co nom a nd ::;ettler11 e nt in Neolithic a n d t:.3 l' ly [)ro n ze
Age i3 ritaill a nd Europe.
Leice:>ter: University 1-ress ),
pp. 27-73.
('1972 ) :Lund Sl ta i ls i n
A rc h a~o lo gy ,
( Lo ndon: Semirt,Ar 1-res.s ).
l!:vuns, J.U. and Jon e:; 1 il. li ~ J ? ~ J : ' :..i ttld.o :.;:. i I t.~ nd ruod e rn J tmd -a rwiJ
fauna::; from t"t> Ch- r·ub t. Jc lt u ld t:ulo ', . Ju urr tu l of Conc lrol o~~;y 2{) ,
PP• 'IOj- 12 9.
Hodgson 1 J .M. ( 1lj '/6 ) : . i u ~_l_ ..:i ,H · v ~,t~~-'l t t!ldi.J uuk.!. ( ttc.tr-penLien; So1 l
.Survey 'l'ecltni ctd ~lunograph No. 5y:-1\ennard , h.S. (19.)8): 'H,~ por · t on the non - mud11e MoJlu.:;ca', p. c 12.
In Clifforu, .1!:.1·1. (1)1j8), ''L'lte exc&vettiun of Nym{J:..;fjeld
long barrow, GJ.uucea l.ershire', ~ · roceedj n t,;,s of the Prehistoric Society, 4, pp.18B-21~.
Kerney, M.P. (19 6 6): ' ~) r r .:.dLJ unJ H"' rt i n 13r1tttin ', ,Jourrtul of
Concl1olocy 2(, , l'l ' ·j-14.
(1 9o8) : 'IJril uirrl r'uurru of .l c.wJ l1o1lut> c u ar •..:t itO:J relat]ull
to the po:?t - gla c:i ul tt1ermttl OJd. iuuun•.
;6o olo9i.cal So<.:iety
of London S,ymr·os i a 22 , pp.2'(.)-291.
( 11)76 ) : Atlc.t .s uf tl1e Non-Hurln t: Mo llu scu or the Jj ritish
Isles.
(Cambrid ge : Institute of Ter res Lriul Ecology).
Kerney, H.P. and Cumeron, H.,\.JJ. (19 '/SI ) : A l"ield (£ t1ide to the land
smd.ls of Britain clO d North-wesL Europe, (London: Collins).
••
Kooi, P.B.
(1 9'7 4) : 'De orkaa n van 1.) rJo v ember 1')'/2 e n hot ont::;La;;.o.n
van 11 ll oefljzervar-rnige' ' Urandsporen', ilel"itdurn 14, pp. ) ?-65 .
Levitan,
(1 9S2) : l!;xc u. v :.. Li.o rt.; at WeuL llJll Ul e : 1') 71).
'l'he
Bri::;tol: C.R.A.A.G.S.
sieving and samplin' pro~ra mm e.
Occ asional Paper 10 •
1).
Llmbrey, S. (19 75 )
Press) •
.Sojl
.::id~ nct!
u11d ArclteoJ.o gy.
(i.ondon: AcaJernic
Sptwcer, 1-'. J. ( 19'?1))
'r·rolluo cd 1 pp.8j- 1t .
Jh .SavU le, A. (19'19 ),
'Further exc <.. vutionti ttt NympsfieJd chambered tomb,
Glo uc estershire, 11)74'.
Proceed:int)S of the l'r ehistor1c
Society 4 ~, pp.55-9 1.
/
Walden, H.W. (19'/b) : 'A
nurn~::nclu.Lural li.sL of
the !3ritit>h J s J es
••
I.
clournal of
the Jund Mollusca of
29, pp.21-2~.
Concllolo~;.y
ln Hadfi eld , C. and Hadfield, A.h.,
Srnjth, l.F. (1 9 73): 'lr e hi s Lory'.
'rl1e Cotowoldo: et new :j tudy, (Newton Abbot: David and Chu.r .l c::> ),
PP•
76-84.
.::
MN 1981
210 E+
345 N
+
•
t
+
;
I
+
•
HAZLETON
NORTH
SITE PLAN
1979 - 1982
t
Cc;:: .'. S\ ·.\ J
I~
~
'
LONG
CAIRN
rn .QUARRIED
t
BEDROCK
+ 285 E
t
345 N
'
•
+
I
:rr--
f,
+
I
+
1
+
I
.jj
\
-
~
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+-
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I
+
+
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+
+
+
210 E+
305N
.,.
+
+
.,.
.,.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 285
E
305 N
0
5
10
15
20
LJlSLI
I
I
I
25 metres
I
AS I
filj·
0
a:
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c.
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w X
(;j 01 ~ ~ 1:!
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~~~~~~~
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...
n
3
en
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.......
ro
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0
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()
0
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c
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f'0
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3
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~~
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Ens
+
,+
+
•
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+ + +
++---+ +
+_,_..+
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ro
(0
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1:1
+-
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f:-
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f:
f:
ro
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alpas lrls
obscum
+
--
Acicu ls
fuses
Trlchis
s lriola ts
Helicigona 18picida
Discus
Vitrea
rotundatus
con tracts
Oxychilus
.-
fo
sculsats
CochlodlfllJ lamina/a
Claus/1/a bldanlala
Bales perversa
Claus lll ldae
,o
rO
nitldula
Acan lh inuiiJ
Vertigo
~:---~ ........
ro
Euconu/us fulvus
+
-
Nesovitres
.... +
+
+
-+
+
Vitrina
CapaBB
Capaaa
Capsaa f
hsmmonis
pal/ucldB
nemoralis
hortansis
Arianla
Coch/icops
lullrica
CochlicopB
--- -
+
Llmacldae
-
Trlchi•
+
-
ce llsrius
Oxychilus a /lia r/us
Punctum pygmaaum
•
.-
pura
Aegopioolla
Ens montana
•
ro - .o-+-
N
+
+-
·+
--........
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? Pyrsmldu ltt rupeslrls
Vertigo pygmses
Pupilla muscorum
Vellonle coslala
Vallonia
excentrlce .
Hslicelill
/Isla
Csndidulll
lntersscts
Cernuells vlrga ltt
.o
(~
- - - -. .
--
Hallcelllde
Ceclliolde•
acicula
l:'l
~
g
~
c_s.
,9..)
f\
-·9' -
'H azleton
·North
Particle size
quarry : Column 2
-----
Mollusc
0
Nos.
200
400
600
1386
Context
54
Context 55
Context 57
•
0·5-
2 mm
Column
6
p<r
2 k&-
> 2 ·mm
~
Ui:J
O.L.S.
Mol h..,. I
Mo ll uao per 2 ka . of
sediment (< O·Smm.)
fiur
......
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r-0
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-
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-
-
-
-
-
--
Vitre a
-
+
+
--
-
-
contra eta
-
Oxychilus celfarius
Punctum pygmaeum
Nesovitrea hammon is
Vitrina peflucida
Cepaea j Arianta
Cochlicopa lubrica
Cochlicopa tubrice fla
Cochlicopa spp.
•
Limacidae
-
Trichia
Vertigo
+
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pygmaea
Pupilla muscorum
a
•
Vallonia
costata
Vallonia
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He lice/la
•
r- 0
0
0
Discus rotundatus
-
-
-
trident alum
Aegopinefla pura
Aegopinefla nitidula
Acanthinula acu leata
Ena montana
En a obscura
Cochlodina lamina fa
C/ausilia bidentata
Acicula fusca
Helicigona Ia pic ida
------- --
ro
[~
w
-
+
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a
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a
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r-0
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a
-
Candidula
Cernuella
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Helicel lids
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Cecilioides
01
0
8
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LJ.•
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0
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Hazleton
South
quarry: Column
Part.jcl~
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5
Nos,
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...
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0
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200
..
l
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