rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma?

Transcription

rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma?
oqtomberi 2013, #2
www.naec.ge
NAEC.GE
rogor airCia profesia
guram doCanaSvilma?
`erTxel 11 wlis biWma,
romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar mogwons
mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo?
mipasuxa, me pativs ar mcemeno...
vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom
mSoblebs ar uyvarxar? rogor
arao, mipasuxa, magram siyvaruli
da pativiscema sxvadasxva
rameao. mere ganazogada da Tqva,
am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs pativs
ar scemeno... ~ gv. 14.
borxesi, leopardi da
magiuri realizmi
rekomendaciebi
gamosaSvebi
gamocdebisTvis
saqarTvelo
saerTaSoriso
saganmanaTleblo
kvlevebSi
NAEC.GE
gamocdebis erovnuli centri
sarCevi
rubrika
gverdi
saTauri
3
winasityvaobis magier...
4
wignier adamianad gaxdomis surviliT...
9
saskolo asakis zRvarze
15
„iq, sadRac, xelis gawvdenaze“
17
erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis kidev erTi
mniSvnelovani mxare 23
pedagogTa sertificireba _ rogorc
stimuli
27
rogor airCia profesia guram
doCanaSvilma?
31
`codna Tavisuflebis sawindaria~
33
interviu ganaTlebis eqspertTan
svaminaTan hariharanTan
35
„mxolod is kulturaa faseuli, romelic
sxva eris cnobierebaSi SeaRwevs da iq
daikavebs adgils“
diskusia
39
mrgvali magida _ erTiani erovnuli
gamocdebi 2013!
interviu
43
nomris konkursSi gamarjvebuli statia
47
borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi xelovneba
49
eTnografiuli muzeumis „klasika“
fotoreportaJi
52
weroebi mifrinaven Sors
saganmanaTleblo kvlevebi
55
saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso
saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi
STabeWdileba
60
qarTuli sabrZolo xelovneba
62
roca maswavlebeli genatreba
65
`sabas~ laureati
ucnobi portreti
70
akakis mcveli
literaturuli gverdi
72
saswavlo olimpiadaSi gamarjvebuli
nawarmoebebi
zogadi ganaTlebis problemebi
gamocdebi 2013
nomris stumari
rekomendacia
74„NAEC.GE“ _ pirveli nomris
prezentacia
NAEC.GE
winasityvaobis magier...
Tornike ziziaSvilis foto
`mogmarTavT Cvenis sazogadoobis wevrTa, romelTac SegiZlianT naTelis gonierebiTac
cxadad dainaxoT da ganwmendilis guliTac kargad aswonoT, vis ra valdebuleba gaZevsT
winaSe RvTisa an ra pasuxis gamcemni unda iyvneT Tqvenis Svilebisa, Tqvenis sazogadoobisa da
qveynis winaSe... Tu Semosavlebis romelime nawils Svilebisa da STamomavlobis aRsazrdelad
gadasdebT, _ maSin gTxovT, kargad daufiqrdeT amas, _ raodenad SeimsubuqebT Tqvens
mamobrivs valdebulebasa da raoden xels moumarTavT mrTelis sazogadoebis ganaTlebasa!!
xom kargaT iciT, rom dReidam mxolod ganaTlebaRa aris Cveni fexzed damayenebeli imedi!~
dimitri yifiani
3
NAEC.GE
wignier adamianad gaxdomis surviliT...
alabaT ar arsebobs ukeTesi an uaresi Taoba. jer
kidev 1875 wls keTilSobil qalTa institutis ga­
dawva daapira erTma Tbiliselma gogonam, ro­melic,
rogorc anastasia TumaniSvili werda, ma­
ma­
daviTze
gaqceula da iqidan akvirdeboda „ro­
gor agizgi­
zdeboda saZageli instituti“. ara­da sa­­qarTveloSi
daarsebul ami­­­er­­kav­kasiis ke­
Til­Sobil qal­­­Ta pirvel ins­
tituts ab­so­­­lu­turad „ke­­Til­­
Sobili“ mi­sia da miznebi hqonda
_ „qar­T­vel Tavadaz­na­urTa
oja­­xe­­­bi­dan ga­mo­suli qa­li­­S­­
vilebi samefo tax­­­­tisa da
eklesiis erT­gu­le­bis su­lis­
kve­TebiT aRe­zar­da.“ am da­we­se­
bulebaSi, dRe­­­van­­­de­li ga­d­mo­sa­
xedidan su­­­­­­lac ar is­­wav­­leboda
ise­Ti rTu­li sa­gnebi, rom cec­
xlis mosaki­deblad gae­metebi­
naT mo­s­­­­wav­leebs: saxvTo sjuli,
ari­T­­­me­tika, geografia, cek­va,
olRa guramiSvilixat­va, xelsaqme, buneba da suf­
nikolaZisa _
amierkavkasiis
Ta we­
ra, raRa Tqma unda, ru­
keTilSobil
suli da franguli. msu­
rvel­
qalTa institutis
TaTvis
qarTuli
da
som­
x
u­
ric.
kursdamTavrebuli.
imasac ver vit­
yviT, rom sas­
wvalebelSi aRuz­r­deli da cudi bavSvebi swavlobd­
nen, radgan ma­
Ti miRebis wesebi mkacrad iyo gawe­
rili: 80 moswavlidan 40 umaRlesi aristokratiis
wridan unda yofiliyo, 20 _ samxedro da samoqala­
qo samsaxurSi myofTa Svi­lebi, maTi swavla xazini­
dan finansdeboda. darCenil 20 adgils ki mdidari
Tbiliselebis Svilebi ikavebdnen da did ga­
da­
saxadebsac ixdidnen. gvarebs rom gadaxedoT, Zi­
riTadad maTSi Tbiliseli somxebi SegxvdebaT, rom­
lebic im droisaTvis sololakSi da golovinis
prospeqtze (rusTavelis gamziri) saukeTeso sax­
lebSi cxovrobdnen. skolis gadawva germanuli war­
moSobis gogonam _ vinme Sengertma gadawyvita,
romlis mamac saxelmwifo moxeled muSaobda sa­qar­
T­
veloSi. saswavleblebis mimarT damokide­
buleba
yovelTvis aseTia. zogi metad interesiania da
xalisiT misdevs „Semecnebis“ process, zogisaTvis
skola „cixea“ da ar uyvars es dawesebuleba.
magaliTad, Zalian cnobil fsiqologs piter greis
imdenad sZulda skola, rom dRemde SeuZlebelia
misi gadarwmuneba, axlac miiCnevs da naSromebs wers
imis Sesaxeb, rom skola arafriT gansxvavdeba ci­
xisagan... „Tu migaCniaT, rom skola cixe ar aris,
maSin agvixseniT gansxvaveba. erTaderTi gansxvaveba,
romelic maxsendeba, is aris, rom cixeSi mosaxvedrad
saWiroa danaSaulis Cadena, xolo skolaSi xvdebi
mxolod asakis gamo. sxva mxriv skola da cixe erTi
da igivea. orivegan garTmeven Tavisuflebasa da
Rirsebas, migiTiTeben, ra akeTo da moTxovnis
SeusruleblobisaTvis gsjian... yvelam, vinc sko­
laSia namyofi, aRqmis gansazRvrul etapze icis,
4
rom es cixea. rogor SeiZleba, ar icodnen? magram
adamianebi xSirad racionalurad iqcevian da amboben
(rogorc wesi, sxva sityvebiT), rom bavSvebs sWir­
debaT cixis es saxeoba da SesaZloa moewonoT kidec
igi, Tu mas kargad marTaven. am racionalizaciidan
ga­mom­di­nare, Tu bavSvebs ar moswonT skola, mizezi
is ki ar aris, rom skola cixea, aramed is, rom mis
mmarTvelebs akliaT sikeTe an xalisi, an goniereba
bavSvebis go­
nebis misapyrobad. mag­
ram yvela, vinc
cota ram mainc icis bavSvebis Sesaxeb da vinc Tavs
uflebas aZlevs gulwrfelad ifi­
qros, unda
xvdebodes, rom am racio­
nalizaciis miRma bevri ramis
danaxvaa SesaZlebeli. bavS­
vebi, iseve, rogorc zrdas­
ruli adamianebi, gamudmebiT
Tavisuflebisaken miil­tvian.
maT ar moswonT, rodesac Ta­
visuflebas uzRudaven. Ta­vi­
­anT Ta­vi­suflebas bavS­ve­bi
Zi­riTadad TviTganaT­le­bisa­
T­vis iyeneben. isini biologi­
urad arian mom­
zadebulni
olRa guramiSvili
amisaTvis. bav­­Svebi ikvleven
meuRlesTan niko
da Ta­maSoben Tavi­suflad, im
nikolaZesTan erTad
xerxebiT, rom­
lebic maT im
fizikuri da socialuri samyaros SeswavlaSi
exmareba, sadac viTardebian. skolaSi ki maT
aiZuleben, uari Tqvan TavianT interesebze da
samagierod akeTon is, rasac maswavlebeli moiTxovs
maTgan. amitomac ar uyvarT bavSvebs skola.“
rogor saocrebadac ar unda mogeCenoT guglis
saZiebo sistemaSic ki ver ipovniT Temas an statias
skolis siyvarulze an saskolo sistemis qebaze.
am saswavleblis cecxlis modeba da ganadgureba
ki dRemde bevrs uxaria: „roca skolaze vfiqrob,
cxadad vxedav erT kadrs: vdgavar skolis pirdapir.
albaT, 13 wlis var. ezoSi xalxmravlobaa, magram
me calke dgoma mirCevnia. Senobis mesame sarTuls
Tvals ar vaSoreb da sxvebis saubars yuradRebas ar
vaqcev. ra azri aqvs. mainc erTsa da imaves imeo­
reben:
_ rato gaCnda?
_ mand meTerTmeteebia, sigarets datovebda
vinme. Tan iataki navTiania da...
_ Zaan didi xani araa, rac es saxanZro Sesulia?
_ gamovlen, aba ras izamen.
_ moica, kompiuterebis oTaxsac gadaedo?
_ ravi, kvamli ki gamodis da...
saqme isaa, rom skola iwvis da saqme isaa, rom
me es mixaria. mixaria ara rogorc borot adamians
an rogorc cud moswavles, aramed rogorc
Cveulebriv bavSvs da me erTaderTi ar var. Cems
Tanaklaselebsac uxariaT, Cems paralelur klase­
lebsac. sxvebsac... Cven yvelas gvixaria, rom
skola iwvis da isic gvixaria, rom skolisaTvis
cecxlis wakideba Cven ar dagvWirda. marTla
NAEC.GE
ramden problemas avarideT Tavi. madloba mwevel
meTerTmeteklaselebs.“
(anina tefnaZe „tabula“ 13.08.13).
piradad me _ miyvarda skolaSi siaruli. ganaTlebis
miReba sainteresoa! institutic miyvarda _ ufro
meti ganaTlebis miReba, ufro sainteresoa! ase
fiqrobdnen albaT qarTveli gogonebic, romlebmac
is avadsaxsenebeli amierkavkasiis keTilSobil qalTa
instituti saukeTeso SedegiT _ „oqros SifriT“
daamTavres da ganaTlebis misaRebad SveicariaSi
gemiT gaiparnen. es xdeba 1873 wels. am ambavs didi
aJiotaJi mohyolia. iseTi ambavi, rom Cvens saukuneSi
mas qarTvelma mkvlevrebma naSromebi miuZRvnes.
q-nma manana javaxiSvilma da q-nma lela xomerikma
gamosces wigni „qalTa sazogadoebrivi saqmianoba
saqarTveloSi“, romelSic qarTveli gogonebis
saswavleblad gaparvis ambavs vrceli Tavi aqvs
daTmobili:
qalbatono manana, rogor fiqrobT, ratom gauC­
ndaT qarTvel gogonebs sazRvargareT swavlis
gag­
rZelebis survili da ratom iyvnen iZulebu­
lebi sxvisi piradobis mowmobebiT gaparuliyvnen
SveicariaSi?
_ es ambavi XIX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi moxda. im
periodSi, mogexsenebaT, saqarTveloSi umaRlesi
saswavlebeli ar arsebobda, xolo ruseTis uni­ver­
sitetebSi swavlebas uamravi formaluri xasi­
aTis
dabrkoleba axlda Tan. giorgi wereTlis azriT,
qarTvel qalebs evropaSi saswavleblad wasvlis
survili 1871 wels uxcoeTidan Tbi­
lis­­
Si dab­
runebulma pro­­fesorma ivane Tarx­­ni­­S­­­vil­­ma aRuZ­ra,
ro­melmac eqsperimen­tul fizio­lo­giaSi wai­kTxa le­
q­ciebi. Tumca mxo­lod es ar iyo maTi sazRvargareT
saswavleb­
lad gamgzavrebis mizezi. olRa gura­
miSvili-niko­
la­
Zisa mogonebebSi wers, rom Sveica­
riaSi saswav­leb­lad maT gamgzav­re­baze didi gavlena
iqonia pedagogma, demok­ra­ti­uli ideebiT Sep­y­ro­
bilma qalbatonma, ma­
riam nadeJdinam. 1872 wels
ciurixSi pirvelad gaemgzavra pelagia nacv­liSvili,
mas Semdeg mih­­
yvnen eketerine da olimpiada
nikolaZeebi (niko nikolaZis debi), ol­
Ra gu­
ra­
mi­
Svili, bogu­mila ze­­mi­­an­
skaia, ekaterine me­li­qi­
Svili (petre me­­li­qiS­­­vilis
da), mariam wereTeli (gi­
orgi wereTlis da), efe­mia
elioziSvili. oliko gu­
ra­
miSvilma Tavisi gamg­
zav­rebis Sesaxeb ojaxs ar
Seatyobina. rogorc Cans,
ojaxi gamgzavrebis uf­le­
bas ar miscemda. im peri­
odSi qalTa ganaT­le­bisa
da emansipaciis sa­ki­T­xebi
aqtiurad ar ga­ni­xi­le­
boda, qalis tra­­di­­ci­uli
q­
cia ojaxis
TbilisSi 1880 w. gadaRebuli roli da fun­
Seqmna da misi mov­
la
foto JenevaSi studenturi
cxovrebis samaxsovrod
gaxldaT. niko nikolaZem
5
NAEC.GE
aiRo pasportebi Tavisi debisaTvis, magram mxolod
erTi da gaemgzavra, meoris saxeliT ki _ oliko
guramiSvili.
_ rogori Sefasebebi mohyva qarTuli sazoga­
do­e­bis mxridan am faqts?
_ qarTveli qalebis sazRvargareT sas­wavleb­
lad wasvla im droisaTvis sakmaod moulodneli,
uC­ve­u­lo movlena iyo. ga­ze­Ti „droeba“ werda, rom
xalxSi miTqma-moTqmaa atexili am ambavze, „vin qa­li
da vin eqimio? pan­si­oni gauTavebiaT, qmari SeirTon
da mo­isveno­no“. Tumca qar­Tu­li sazo­ga­­do­ebis pro­­
g­­resu­lad mo­azrovne na­wi­li dadebi­Tad gamoex­maura
am ambavs, magaliTad, ni­
ko
nikolaZe, giorgi we­re­Te­li,
sergei mesxi. giorgi eri­
sTavma dawera piesa „was­­vla
evropaSi“, romlis gmir
qals ocne­
bad eqca Sveica­
riaSi sas­wavleblad was­vla.
al. yazbegma am sa­­ki­T­xTan
da­kav­SirebiT vrce­­­li we­
rili gamoaqveyna „dro­
ebaSi“: „warmoidgineT, ro­
gor guls ar daakldes
kacs, rodesac Seityob, rom
ekaterine (kato) nikolaZe
peterburRSi, amdeni qale­
bis
saswavlebelSi,
rom
erTi Cveni mxaris qali ar moipoveba... warsul zaf­
xuls moxda pirveli magaliTi Cveni qalebis univer­
sitetSi saswavleblad curixSi wasvlisa. es movlena
imdenad sasiamovnoa, ramdenadac Znelia“.
_ rogor warimarTa maTi saqmianoba sazRvar­
gareT?
_ 1873 wels ciurixSi da Semdgom ukve
JenevaSi myofma qarTvelma studentebma daaarses
sazogadoeba „uReli“, romlis mizani iyo sazRvar­
gareT mcxovreb qarTvel studentTa gaerTianeba,
erTamneTisaTvis codnis gaziareba da daxmareba.
saqarTveloSi dasavluri ideebi Ca­
moitanes da
daayenes qalTa emansipaciis sakiTxi. sazogadoeba
„uRlis“ wevrebi werilebs agzavnidnen „droebaSi“
gamosaqveyneblad.
_ rogori moswavleebi da Semdeg pedago­­ge­bi
iyvnen is qarTveli gogonebi, romelbmac swavla
sazRvargareT gaagrZeles da Semdeg maswavleb­le­­
bad da sazogado moRvaweebad dabrundnen samSob­
loSi?
_
sazRvargareT sas­wav­­leblad gamgazv­rebul
qar­­T­vel qalTa umrav­le­­­soba sakmaod cno­bi­li da
warmatebuli moR­va­­­we gax­da. magaliTad, eka­­te­­rine
me­li­qiSvili ga­x­­­l­­daT li­tera­turul-mTargmnelo­
biTi qalTa wris aqtiuri wevri, mTar­gm­neli. aseve
Tavis meuRlesTan, sergei mesxTan erTad igi qar­
TvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamav­r­cele­beli sazoga­
do­ebis namdvili wevri iyo; ekaterine meliqiSvi­li
xelmZRvanelobda Tavisi ojaxis stamba-gamom­
cem­
lobas, TanamSromlobda Jurnal „jejilTan“, wer­da
moTxrobebs. olRa guramiSvili-nikolaZisa saqarT­
veloSi dabrunebis Semdeg pedagogiur moRvaweobas
eweoda; igi imdenad warmatebuli maswavlebeli
aRmoCnda, rom iakob gogebaSvilma da niko cxveda­
Zem olRa vaJebis saTavadaznau­­
ro saswavlebelSi
miiw­
vies rusulis maswavleb­
lad (manamde vaJTa
skolebSi mxolod mamaka­
ce­
bi aswavlidnen). olRa
guramiSvili-nikolaZisa publicistic gax­
ldaT;
niko nikolaZes­
Tan qorwinebis Semdeg (1883 w.) igi
pedagogiur moRvaweobas did jixaiSSi agrZelebs,
aarsebs qalTa pirvel skolas, foTis qalTa skolas
qalTa gimnaziad gardaqmnis.
1873 wels ciurixis universitets ruseTis
mTavrobam oficialurad mosTxova gaericxa qarT­
veli gogonebi saswavleblidan da samSobloSi
gamoegzavna isini. mizezad socialisturi ide­
foTis vaJTa gimnazia
maT Soris iyvnen kato da olimpiada nikolaZeebi,
olRa guramiSvili, bogumila zemi­
anskaia, pelo
nacvliSvili, ekaterine meliqiSvili, romlebmac
6
ebis gatarebis garda isic saxldeboda, rom
sazRvargareT swavla mxolod Tvalis asaxvevad
iyo mogonili da sinamdvileSi maTi ganzraxva
gaxldaT: „daubrkoleblad miscn Tavi Tavisufals
NAEC.GE
siyvarulsa“. aseTi Seuracxyofebis fonze maT
mainc moaxerxes SveicariaSi darCena da JenevaSi
gaagrZeles swavla.
swavlis gasagrZeleb­
lad garkveuli dabrko­
lebebis gadalaxvas aqvs Tavisi xiblic. Tundac is,
rom Sen SegiZlia akrZa­
lul xils eziaro. mwera­
li
daniel penaki swored am xibls miiCnevs erT-erT
mTavr mizezad, ris gamoc Cvens winaprebs uy­var­daT
kiTxva. ai, ras wers is Tavis wignSi „ro­
ma­
niviT
sakiTxavi“, rome­lic ukve 30 enaze iTar­gmna da 21-e
saukunis mso­
f­
lio bescelerad iq­
ca: „uwignuroba,
albaT, aseTi sadardebeli ar iqne­
boda, Cven rom
iseT Taobas, epoqas, an wres vekuTvnodeT, sadac
kiTxvas uSlian.
_ Sewyvite kiTxva, nu amoiRame Tvalebi!
_ wadi, Svilo iTamaSe, naxe, ra mSvenieri amindia!
mokled, kiTxvis dro arasdros iyo. dRisiT
sul kargi amindi iyo da gareT unda gasuliyavi,
RamiT sul bneloda da unda dageZina... kiTxva
mavneblobad iTvleboda. amitom iyo, rom axali
romanis aRmoCenas ojaxisadmi daumorCileblobis
xiblic emateboda. xom iciT, ormagad akrZaluli
xili ormagad gemrielia! o, ra dauviwyari iyo
gadasafareblis qveS farnis Suqze kiTxvaSi
gatarebuli saaTebi! rogor miiCqaroda ana karenina
Tavisi vronskisken SuaRamisas! maT uyvardaT
erTmaneTi da es ukve mSvenieri iyo, magram kiTxvis
akrZalvam maTi siyvaruli saswaulad aqcia. maT
uyvardaT erTmaneTi ded-mamis akrZalvis miu­
xe­
davad, Sua gzaSi gawyvetili maTematikis da­
valebis miuxedavad, dasamTavrebeli frangulis
savarjiSos miuxedavad, dasalagebeli oTaxis mi­
uxe­
davad, sadilisa da desertis miuxedavad. maT
erTmaneTi airCies fexburTis matCisa da sokoebis
Segrovebis nacvlad da sxva yvelafers amjobines.
RmerTo maRalo, es xom namdvili siyvarulia!
afsus, ra male damTavrda es romani... kiTxva ver
hguobs brZanebiT kilos. amiT is „siyvarulsa“ da
„ocnebas“ hgavs. Cven ki is televizoris yureba
jildos rangSi aviyvaneT, wignis kiTxvas ki xarkis
gadaxdis mniSvneloba mivaniWeT. es sxvaTa Soris
Cven movifiqreT, sxvam ki ara...“
ase rom, ar arsebobs ukeTesi an uaresi Tao­
ba, ar­
sebobs gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebi da
7
NAEC.GE
sxvadasxva gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi. mSobeli,
romelic
saxlSi
mosvlisTanave
televizors
miujdeba da danarCen Tavsufal dros socialuri
qselebis Tvalierebas andomebs, ver daarwmunebs
Svils, rom wignis kiTxva sasiamovno da yoveldRiurad
aucielbeli procesia. ver daarwmunebs, rom „wigni
mis cxovrebaSi iseT adgils ikavebs, romelsac sxva
veravin da veraferi daikavebs, Tumca am sxvasac
verasdros Secvlis wigni. kiTxva arasdros iZleva
cxovrebis mza recepts, Tumca urRvev bades abams
adamiansa da samyaros Soris. es Txeli, idumali
Zafebia, romlebic cxovrebis bednierebisa da misi
absurdulobis urTierTgamomricxav ambebze egeba.
amitom CvenTvis kiTxvis safuZveli iseve ucnauria,
rogorc arsebobis... kiTxva, iseve, rogorc
siyvaruli, drois SegrZnebas akargvinebs adamians...
da gardaqmnis mas bednier da srulfasovan arsebad“.
(d. penaki).
wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevebma aCvena, rom
„wignieri“ axalgazrdebi, rogorc wesi, im ojaxebSi
izrdebian, romlebsac kargi biblioTeka aqvT da
mSoblebs uyvarT kiTxva.
qeTi kvitatiani
miSa giorgaZis fotoebi,
aseve gamoyenebulia arqivSi daculi me-19
saukunis fotomasala.
8
NAEC.GE
saskolo asakis zRvarze
TamaSiT dawyebuli urTierToba
interviu fsiqologiis mecnierebaTa
doqtorTan, profesor Tamar gagoSiZesTan
_ qalbatono Tamar, daaxloebiT ori welia, rac
5 wlis asakis bavSvis skolaSi Seyvana oficialurad
nebadarTulia, Tumca mSoblebi manamdec cdilobdnen
Svili 6 wlamde mieyvanaT pirvel klasSi, maT amisaTvis
sakuTari argumentebi aqvT. iqneb imaze visaubroT,
ra uaryofiTi mxareebi aqvs am asakSi bavSvis skolaSi
miyvanas?
_ es Zalian aqtualuri kiTxvaa, miTumetes dRes.
miuxedavad imisa, rom mSobels TiTqos arCevans aZ­
leven, eubnebian, rom su­
rvilis SemTxvevaSi Se­
iy­
vanos 5 wlis bavSvi sko­­la­Si,
samwuxarod, Cven­­­Tan rac
nebadarTu­
lia, lamis wesad
aRiqmeba. ar vici, ra mizani
aqvs amas _ SeiZleba 18 wlis
asakSi isev mos­
wavled yo­
fnis Tavidan aci­
lebis su­
rvi­
li, biWebis SemTxvevaSi
ja­ris faq­to­ri, zustad mo­
tivaci­is da­sa­xeleba rTu­
lia. mSoblebs yovelTvis
9
NAEC.GE
vekiTxebi, Tu ratom SehyavT 5 wlis bavSvi skolaSi,
yvelaze xSiri pasuxia, rom es Tavad bavSvs unda.
dameTanxmebiT,
Zalian
saintereso
pasuxia.
araerTxel miTqvams, rom skolisaTvis mzaoba
mxolod inteleqtualur mzaobas ar niSnavs.
SeiZleba bavSvi Zalian kargad iyos ganviTarebuli,
werdes da kiTxulobdes 5 wlis asakSi, romelime
ucxo enac icodes, sabavSvo baRSi siarulic TiTqos
ukve mosawyeni iyos misTvis, magram skolisaTvis
mzaobis
cneba
gulisxmobs
ara
mxolod
inteleqtualur, aramed, pirvel rigSi, emociur da
Semdeg nebelobiT mzaobas. yvelam viciT, rom
bavSvisaTvis wamyvani aqtivoba aris TamaSi. TamaSiT
swavlobs yvelafers uneblie doneze. nebeloba
yalibdeba metyvelebis CamoyalibebasTan erTad da
daaxloebiT 6 wlis asakisaTvis bavSvs ukve SeuZlia
diferencireba, ra unda da ra aris saWiro. „minda“sa da „unda“-s Soris gansxvavebas manamde ver xedavs
da rodesac veubnebiT, rom raRac unda gaakeTos sa­
kuTari nebis sawinaaRmdegod, rTuli amocanis wi­
naSe dgas. 6 wlamde asakis bavSvis Seyvana SeiZleba im
tipis skolaSi, rogoric, magaliTad, aris holandi­
aSi _ iq 4 wlidan SehyavT skolaSi, magram es ar
gaxlavT tipuri skola Cveneuli gagebiT. iq bavSvis
unarebze morgebuli garemoa, ar dgas merxi, aravin
aZalebs bavSvs raRacis keTebas. arc 5 wlisa da arc
6 wlis asakSi bavSvs davalebas ar aZleven, aswavlian
TamaSiT.
_ anu Tqven 5 wlis asakSi tradiciul skolaSi
miyvanis winaaRmdegi xarT, magram am asakSi TamaSiT
swavlebis meTods emxrobiT?
_ aseTi saxiT swavleba adekvaturi da bunebri­
via am asakis bavSvisaTvis. Cveni Tavi rom gavixse­
noT _ is maswavlebeli migvaCnda ufro kargad,
romelic gvaTamaSebda da ise gvaswavlida. diax,
kategoriulad winaaRmdegi ar var bavSvis 6 wlmde
skolaSi miyvanisa, mimaCnia, rom im tipis skolaSi
ar SeiZleba 4 an 5 wlis bavSvis miyvana, romelic
dRes gvaqvs. dawesebulebaSi, romelsac skola hqvia
da yvelaferi, razec visaubreT gaTvaliswinebulia,
cxadia, bavSvis miyvana ar qmnis aranair problemas.
dRes sabavSvo baRebis programac 5 wlamdea gaTval­
iswinebuli, 5 wlis asakis bavSvi emociurad ar hgavs
6 wlis asakis bavSvs. is advilad Riziandeba, ver
axerxebs nebiT daZlios uSualo impulsebi. uWirs
yuradRebis koncentracia, am problemebis gamo aR­
moCndeba xolme, rom 5 wlis asakSi skolaSi miyvanil
bavSvs, miuxedavad SemecnebiTi ganviTarebisa, aqvs
seriozuli problema da pirveli aris ara swavlis,
aramed swavlisadmi damokidebulebis problema.
Cndeba negatiuri damokidebuleba swavlis mimarT.
bavSvs uxaria skolaSi wasvla, daaxloebiT 6 TveSi ki
veRar itans skolas, ver itans swavlas, mecadineobis
process. misi unarebi negatiuri damokidebulebis
gamo ver ganviTardeba, Sesabamisad, is am unarebs
verc gamoiyenebs, ar unda, rom gamoiyenos, garemoc
da qmedebac misTvis Zalian usiamovno xdeba.
_ ramdenad xSiria aseTi SemTxvevebi, TqvenTan
xSirad modian mSoblebi, bavSvebi msgavsi proble­
mebiT?
10
_ bevri msgavsi magaliTis moyvana SemiZlia. gan­
sakuTrebiT bolo periodSi xSirad mohyavT msgavsi
problemebis mqone bavSvebi. warmoidgineT bavSvi,
romelic 5 wlisa Seiyvanes skolaSi, meore klasSia
da, amavdroulad, misi arc erTi unari ar aris 7
wlis Sesabamisi. aqvs 6 wlis Sesabamisi unarebi da
aris meore klasSi, Tqveni azriT, rogor iswavlis
es bavSvi? rogor moqmedebs es viTareba bavSvis
TviTSefasebaze? rodesac is ver mihyveba saswav­
lo process, ver aswrebs, ver asrulebs davale­
bebs da xedavs Tanatolebs (Tumca isini realurad
misi Tanatolebi ar arian), romlebic am yvelafers
Tavs arTmeven? sul cota is mainc unda gagvekeTe­
bina, rom 5 wlis bavSvebi calke klasSi yofili­
yvnen da ara 6 wlis bavSvebTan erTad. pedagogeb­
mac da fsiqologebmac kargad ician, rom am asakSi
erTwliani gansxvaveba ufrosebSi aTwlian sxvaobas
udris. bavSvi xSirad ver poulobs saerTos Tanak­
laselebTan, martoa, aqvs TviTSefasebis probleba
da es sxva, gacilebiT seriozul problemebs qmnis.
es problemebi ki rCeba mTeli saswavlo procesis
ganmavlobaSi, bavSvs negatiuri ganwyoba uyalibdeba
swavlisadmi. marTalia, bavSvi Sesabamisi resursis
arsebobis pirobebSi axerxebs da umklavdeba am sir­
Tuleebs, Tumca es viTareba mainc axdens gavlenas
pirovnebis Camoyalibebaze.
_ konkretulad ra saxis problemebis winaSe
SeiZleba aRmoCndes 5 wlis asakSi skolaSi miyvanili
bavSvi?
_ emociur inteleqts Zalian didi mniSvneloba
aqvs, Cemi azriT, SemecnebiT ganviTarebaze meti,
radgan bavSvma, romelsac unarebis mxriv garkveuli
problemebi aqvs, SeiZleba kargi resursis pirobeb­
Si kompensireba SeZlos da es SeumCneveli darCes
imdenad, rom verc veravin SeamCnevs SemecnebiTi
ganviTarebis problemas. magram Tu emociurad cu­
dadaa, es TviTSefasebaze, Tavmoyvareobaze Zalian
cudad moqmedebs. fsiqologebma kargad ician _ Tu
bavSvs an zrdasruls dabali TviTSefaseba aqvs, rac
SeuZlia, rac icis da risi unaric aqvs, imasac ar
akeTebs, radgan dabali TviTSefasebis gamo hgonia,
rom ver SeZlebs. aseTi bavSvebi xSirad warumate­
belni arian xolme an mSoblebis gavleniT perfeq­
cionistebi _ bavSvebi, romlebsac unaklod undaT
yvelafris gakeTeba. es bavSvebi erTmaneTs hgvanan.
maT urCevniaT saerTod ar gaakeTon, vidre dabali
Sefaseba miiRon an raime arasworad gaakeTon. ver
itanen, Tu raRac SeeSalaT... aseTi bavSvebi dRes
sakmaod bevrni arian. skolaSi Segvyavs 5 wlis bavS­
vi, romelic emociurad ar aris mzad skolisaTvis,
garkveulwilad ganwirulia warumateblobisaT­
vis da, rac unda niWieri iyos, mudmivad brZola
uwevs, radgan dRevandeli sistema ar aris 5 wlis
bavSvze morgebuli (wamyvani, rogorc vTqviT, Tama­
Si unda iyos da ase SeiZleba yvelaferi aswavlo).
mniSvnelovani faqtoria Cveni sazogadoebis cno­
biereba. Cven, sazogadoeba, mSoblebi Cveni drois
produqtebi varT. wina da SedarebiT axalgazrda
Taobamac Zalian seriozuli problemebi gadavita­
neT. iseT garemoSi mogvixda cxovreba, rom gamovi­
taneT daskvna _ mTavaria, iyo konkurentunariani,
NAEC.GE
rom gadarCe, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ver gadarCebi.
aravin ar unda dagCagros, Sen unda iyo pirveli,
yvela Seni konkurentia da piriqiT, sjobs Sen daCa­
gro. Sesabamisad, am principiT gazrdilma bavSvebma
ar ician TanamSromloba, empaTia, xolo vinc icis,
is iTvleba „TeTr yvavad“ da xSirad mSobeli imaze
wuxs, ratom aris misi Svili gansxvavebuli, ratom
zrunavs sxvaze da a. S. axla warmoidgineT 5 wlis
bavSvi, romelic xvdeba iseT garemoSi, sadac norma
iqca paTologiad _ is aucileblad perfeqcioni­
stad yalibdeba, am sazogadoebaSi Secdomis daS­
veba legitimuri ar aris, amaze Cveni politikuri
cxovrebac metyvelebs _ ver vbedavT imis aRiare­
bas, rom raime SegveSala. me mxolod erTi adami­
ani vici, romelic amas axerxebs. martivad ambobs,
rom raRac SeeSala. es normaluria, adamianma unda
misces Tavs amis Tqmis ufleba. rogorc amboben, mx­
olod RmerTs ar eSleba, SeuZlebelia Secdoma ar
mogivides, Secdomis gamosworeba ki SesaZlebelia.
_ anu dRevandeli bavSvebic politikosebis msgav­
sad Tvlian, rom araferi eSlebaT, ufro sworad, ar
unda SeeSaloT?
_ CvenTan konsultaciaze mosuli bavSvebis 99%
ver uSvebs azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom SeiZleba rame
SeeSalos, Tu SeeSala, ese igi cudi biWi an gogoa.
mSoblebis sayuradRebod kidev erTxel minda gan­
vmarto ratom aris perfeqcionizmi bavSvisaTvis
saziano _ ras niSnavs perfeqcionizmi? adamiani,
bavSvi, iswrafvis unaklo da idealuri Sedegi­saken,
is miiCnevs, rom unda iyos ideluri xatis analogi
da yvelaferi unaklod unda gaakeTos. samwuxarod,
es mSoblebis dakveTaa! isini swo­
red ase zrdian
bavSvebs. magaliTad, miuxedavad imisa, rom xSirad
11
NAEC.GE
mSobeli ambobs, TiTqos ar sTxovs bavSvs maRali
niSnis, aTianis miRebas (zogierTi amas pirdapir
iTxovs, eCxubeba Svils niSnis gamo) bavSvisaTvis
mSoblis emociuri damokidebulebaa gadamwyveti da
mniSvnelovani _ SvilebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT gar­
damaval asakamde, mSobeli avtoritetia. sityvebi
arc aris saWiro, mSoblis nebismieri moZraoba da
nebismeiri Jesti Sefasebaa. bavSvma icis dedamiss ra
siamovnebs, ra uxaria, Sesabamisad, masac is uxaria,
rac mSobels. mSobels ki unda da uxaria, rom mis­
ma Svilma maRali niSnebi miiRos, rom mas araferi
SeeSalos, bavSvi xedavs, rom deda yvelaze gaxare­
buli maSinaa, rodesac saxlSi aTianebi miaqvs, roca
yvelafers kargad pasuxobs da yvelaze kargi mo­
swavlea... da Tu imeds ucruebs dedas, masze ube­
duri adamiani ar aris. ras viRebT Sedegad? bevr
problemas. mSobels mihyavs fsiqologTan bavSvi
sul sxva mizeziT _ arc erTi mSobeli ar ityvis,
rom perfeqcionizmis an swavlis problemiT moi­
yvana Svili. mohyavT qcevis an emociuri probleme­
biT _ es aris tiki, es aris Ramis enurezi, es aris
enaborZiki, SiSebi, akviatebis mdgomareoba, rac
umZimesia. es yvelaferi fsiqikuri janmrTelobaa.
modiT davsvaT es kiTxva _ ra gvinda, gvyavdes _
fsiqikurad janmrTeli Taoba, Tu Taoba, romelmac
yvelaferi icis, magram ubeduria? saWiroa oqros
Sualedis povna: Sedegze orientirebuli ki ara,
procesze orientirebuli swavleba _ bavSvma swav­
lisgan, Semecnebisgan siamovneba unda miiRos da ase
swavlis Sedegic saukeTeso iqneba.
_ am kiTxvis dasma visi movaleoba da preroga­
tivaa?
_ es kiTxva ganaTlebis sitemam, mSobelma unda
dasvas. fsiqikurad janmrTeli Taobis aRzrda ga­
naTlebis sitemisa da ojaxis erT-erTi umTavresi
mizania. amaSi Sedis inteleqtualuri sijanmrTelec,
magram Cven socialuri arsebebi varT da emociur
inteleqts dRes yvelgan, yvela qveyanaSi Zalian did
yuradRebas aqceven. ratom moimata pervaziulma
aSlilobam anu autizmma? Cveni sazogadoeba iqca
autistad, Cven varT adamianebi, romlebsac erT­
maneTTan urTierToba gvaqvs mxolod saWiroebis
gamo. swored es aris autizmi _ autist adamians sxva
adamianebTan urTierToba, gaziareba, siamovnebas ar
aniWebs! roca raime sWirdeba, maSin dagelaparakeba
da maSin Semova kontaqtSi. yvelaze rTuli bavSvic
ki autizmis diagnoziT, rodesac raime survilis
dakmayofileba unda, mSvenivrad axerxebs komunika­
cias im adamianTan, visganac raRac sWirdeba. Cven
rogor viqceviT? Cveni sazogadoeba am gagebiT per­
vaziuli sazogadoebaa, romelic mxolod merkanti­
luri interesebidan gamomdinare amyarebs komunika­
cias erTmaneTTan (cxadia, mxolod saqarTvelos ar
vgulisxmob), mxolod egocentruli xedva gagvaCnia,
sxvisi poziciis danaxva ar SegviZlia. es aris au­
tizmic. rodesac adamians ar SeuZlia sxvisi pozi­
ciidan, sxvisi gancdidan dainaxos realoba, mxolod
sakuTari gancdidan, sakuTari tragediidan uyurebs
yvelafers _ ai, es aris pervaziuli aSlilobis ms­
gavsi mdgomareoba.
12
_ da es yvelaferi ufro amZimebs skolaSi adre
Seyvanili bavSvis problemebs?
_ es yovelive urTierTkavSirSia, 5 wlis bavSvis
skolaSi Seyvana egocenrtizmis gamovlinebaa mSob­
lis mxridan! mSobels unda ase, ase xedavs, warmod­
genili aqvs sakuTari Svilis momavali, yvelaferi
dagegmili aqvs. es aris mSoblis erTgvari „pervazi­
uloba“. naklebad ainteresebs bavSvi ras fiqrobs
da ras ganicdis. kidev erT sakiTxs minda Sevexo _
zogadad yvela mSobeli, magram gansakuTrebiT qa­
rTvelebi vcodavT am mimarTulebiT _ yvelas aqvs
raRac ararealizebuli, gindoda da ver SeZeli, ver
gaakeTe, gsurs, rom Svilma Segisrulos Seni ara­
realizebuli ocnebebi. gindoda topmodeloba?
bavSvs atareb silamazis konkursebze pataraobidan,
gindoda profesoroba? Sesabamisad, minimum 3 enaze
da yvela sagnis maswavlebelTan dagyavs Svili da
ase Semdeg. cxadia, amas mSobeli ver acnobierebs
da aseTi Sefaseba Zalian ewyineba, magram aracnobi­
erad vcdilobT ararealizebuli ganwyobebis re­
alizacia Svilis cxovrebis dagegmviT movaxdinoT.
samwuxarod, aravin ekiTxeba bavSvs moswons Tu ara
es, unda Tu ara da misaRebia Tu ara misTvis mSoblis
gadawyvetilebebi.
_ rogor unda moiqces mSobeli, rom msgavsi
viTareba Tavidan aicilos?
_ Cven bavSvs arCevanis uflebas ar vutovebT.
gvaqvs ori polaroba: aRzrdis stili gvaqvs „permis­
iuli“ anu yvelafris uflebas vaZlevT, yvelafers
vusrulebT Svilebs, qcevis TvalsazrisiT bavS­
vs CarCo ar aqvs da amvadroulad Cven vugegmavT
cxovrebas. mSobeli ambobs, rom unda misi Svili iyos
Tavisufali. Tavisufleba mSobels esmis, rogorc
arCevanis ararseboba da, amavdroulad, bavSvisaT­
vis yvelanairi survilis dakmayofileba. Sedegad
ki izrdeba adamiani fsiqikuri problemebiT. aseT
adamians ar ainteresebs sxva adamiani, is saukeTeso
masalaa konkurentunariani garemosaTvis. impul­
sis, moTxovnilebis Sekaveba sxvis sakeTildReod,
raRacis gazireba, gayofa, sxvisi moTxovnilebis
gaTvaliswineba aRzrdis produqtia da TavisiT ar
yalibdeba. TanamSromlobas, kooperacias SeniT ver
iswavli amis nimuSi Tu ar gaqvs sazogadoebaSi. Cvens
sazogadoebas ki swored TanamSromlobis unari ak­
lia da es yvelaferSi Cans.
samwuxarod, aravis axsovs, rom bavSvi yvelaze
patara asakSic, erTi wlisac ki _ adamiania! adami­
ani ki imiT gansxvavdeba cxovelisagan, rom arCev­
anis unari aqvs. swored es aris Tavisufleba, roca
ramdenime variantidan erTis arCeva SeuZlia. me,
rogorc ufrosi, valdebuli var, rom Sen, Svils
arCevani (cxadia, SezRuduli) mogce. magaliTad,
gkiTxo _ fafas SeWam Tu kvercxs? gkiTxo _ mwvane
kabas Caicvam Tu lurjs? anu SezRudul arCev­
ans gTavazob. aseT dros, rogorc wesi, bavSvi is­
terikas ar awyobs. Cven ra gvaqvs saxeze? mSobeli
ar Tvlis saWirod, rom bavSvs raime SesTavazos,
pirdapir aZalebs, magaliTad, wiTeli kabis Cacmas,
bavSvi awyobs isterikas da icvams imas, rac unda.
NAEC.GE
aseTi precendentis Semdeg bavSvi eCveva, rom isterikiT iRebs
yvelafers, rac unda. ase iqmneba Caketili, mankieri wre. 5
wlis asakSi Svilis skolaSi Seyvana aris erT-erTi komponenti
am mainkieri wrisa. ratomRac migvaCnia, rom mTavaria bavSvi
materialurad uzrunvelyo (Caacva, misce sakvebi, ataro mas­
wavleblebTan) da TavisTavad Camoyalibdeba srulfasovan
pirovnebad. warmoidgineT viTareba, rodesac mcirewlovani
bavSvis mSobels vekiTxebi, rogor eTmaSeba Svils da is gak­
virvebulia, arc icis, rom unda eTamaSos, gpasuxobs, rom
misTvis es aravis uTqvams. ukvirs, rom 2 wlis bavSvs wigni
unda waukiTxos da es Zalian xSirad xdeba. samwuxarod, mSo­
belma marTla ar icis xolme, rogor unda aRzardos Svili,
mas aravin arafers eubneba da aswavlis. es mTlianad sazoga­
doebis satkivari da problemaa, bavSvi ki _ am sazogadoebis
produqti.
_ kidev erTi mtkivneuli Tema, romelsac gakvriT ukve SevexeT
_ niSnebi da mSoblebis damokidebuleba Svilis Sefasebebis
mimarT. amaze ras gvetyviT?
_ arsebobs ori yvelaze gavrcelebuli mosazreba: aris
ganaTlebis specialistebis, pedagogebis kategoria (CvenTanac
da ucxoeTSic), romlebic Tvlian, rom bavSvi saerTod ar
unda Seafaso, radgan es mis TviTSefasebaze cudad moqmedebs,
amuxruWebs da a. S. aris meore mimarTuleba, romlis midevre­
bic miiCneven, rom piriqiT, sistematurad unda SevafasoT
bavSvi, konkurentunariani garemo unda SevqnaT da niSnebis
mixedviT movaxdinoT diferencireba. vfiqrob, rom arc erTi
ukiduresoba ar aris efeqturi. ratom aris cudi, rodesac
bavSvs ar afaseb? rogor fiqrobT, rogor unda mixvdes pa­
tara kargad akeTebs rames Tu cudad? me, bavSvma, rogor unda
Sevafaso Cemi Tavi? garemosgan ukukavSiriT yalibdeba TviT­
Sefaseba. ase rom, Sefaseba aucilebelia, magram ismis kiTxva
_ rogori? es instrumentia, saSualebaa, romelic Cvens qveya­
naSi TviTmiznad da manipulirebis saSualebad iqca. ase iyene­
ben Sefasebis sistemas skolaSi, mSoblisaTvis niSani miRwevis
mTavari maCvenebelia. niSnis ukan ki Sinaarsi aRar gvaintere­
sebs. ase rom, gvaqvs mxolod miRwevaze orientirebuli siste­
ma da ara mxolod axla, aramed karga xania _ ase iyo wlebis
winac skolaSi, umaRles saswavlebelSi. rodesc sazRvarga­
reTis umaRles saswavleblebSi momiwia yofna (sadac sakmaod
konkurentunariani garemoa), aRmovaCine, rom niSani maTTvis
umniSvnelo namdvilad ar aris, magram TviTmizans ar warmoad­
gens. CvenTan ki es problema aSkarad dgas da damokidebule­
ba Sefasebis mimarT, am mxriv, udavod Sesacvlelia. xSirad
damokidebulebis Sesacvlelad mSobelTan ufro meti muSaoba
gvWirdeba. uamravi Zalisxmeva gvWirdeba, rom mSobelma gaigos
es yovelive da sworad dainaxos realoba. ganwyobis Secvla
sakmaod rTulia da es procesic, Sesabamisad, martivi ar gax­
lavT. warmoidgineT, rodesac kargad ganviTarebuli bavSvis
SemTxvevaSi iqmneba problemebi, romlebzec visaubreT, ra
suraTi gvaqvs ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvebSi. re­
aloba, romelSic aseTi bavSvi SeiZleba aRmoCndes, misTvis
tragediaa. mSobeli ki amas ver iRebs, ar surs miiRos. xSirad
mSobels am realobis aRiareba ar unda, bavSvi rTul viTa­
rebaSia, mSobelic sakmaod ganerviulebuli. aseT dros, faq­
tobrivad, mSoblebisaTvis gviwevs fsiqologiuri daxmarebis
gaweva, rom SeZlon da miiRon Svili imgvari, rogoric aris. es
Zalian rTulad gadasalaxavi problemaa mSoblisaTvis, radgan
mas konkretuli warmodgena aqvs Svilze, surs, rom swored
misi warmodgenebis Sesabamisi iyos da sxvanairi ar surs, rom
miiRos.
13
NAEC.GE
eSleba, an cdilobs Tavi aaridos davalebis Ses­
rulebas _ verc erT da verc meore SemTxvevaSi
sasurvel Sedegs ver viRebT anu Sedegs, romlisak­
enac mSobeli unda iswrafvodes. Semdeg ki mSoblebs
Tavad ukvirT, Tu ratom iReben aseT Sedegs.
_ anu, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, mTavari mSobelsa da
bavSvs Soris swori komunikaciaa?
_ da sad aris gamosavali?
_ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cven Secvlili gvaqvs
yvelaferi qcevis TvalsazrisiT _ sadac simkacre
unda gamoviCinoT da CarCo ganvusazRvroT bavSvs,
CarCo ar gvaqvs da simkacres ar viCenT, ar vuxsniT
mas ra SeiZleba da ra ara, rodesac unda wavaxal­
isoT an davsajoT, ar vakeTebT amas (xSirad meub­
nebian, bavSvs ar vsjiTo, Tumca mere gamotydebian
xomle, rom nervebmoSlilebi xSirad wamoartyamen
xolme, es skolebSic xdeba, rac marTlac sruli­
ad miuRebeli da dauSvebelia). waxaliseba da das­
jac Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi da adekvaturi formiT
aucilebelia (cxadia, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda
davuSvaT fizikuri Sexeba, arc yvirils da Cxubs
moaqvs Sedegi). arsebobs qcevis marTvis meTodebi,
romlebic unda gamoiyenos mSobelma. SeiZleba vi­
povoT Sualedi, romelic Sedegs mogvcems. war­
moidgineT viTareba, rodesac bavSvi asrulebs
davalebas, romelic misces skolaSi, mas ki aravin
umowmebs. erTxel, orjer, xuTjer... mere bavSvi
fiqrobs, rom davalebis Sesrulebas, romelsac ara­
vin amowmebs, azri ara aqvs. maswavlebels argumen­
tad is mohyavs, rom klasSi 35 bavSvia da yoveldRe
yvelas davalebis Semowmeba SeuZlebelia, mSobels
Tavisi mizezebi aqvs, bavSvs ki amasobaSi motivacia
uqreba. sxva SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs viTareba, rode­
sac mSobels arasodes gamorCeba, Tu bavSvs raime
SeeSala, arasworad gaakeTa, magram ver amCnevs an
ar aRniSnavs, rodesac bavSvi sworad asrulebs
davalebas. mudmivad aZlevs bavSvs SeniSvnas imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ra SeeSala. swored aqedan yalibdeba
perfeqcionistuli ganwyoba. Sedegad ki bavSvi an
cdilobs yvelaferi Secdomis gareSe gaakeTos da
saSinlad Riziandeba, gamodis mwyobridan Tu raime
14
_ erTxel 11 wlis biWma, romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar
mogwons mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo? mipasuxa,
me pativs ar mcemeno... vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom
mSoblebs ar uyvarxar-Tqo? rogor arao, mipasuxa,
magram siyvaruli da pativiscema sxvadasxva rameao.
mere ganazogada da Tqva, am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs
pativs ar scemeno... es miTxra bavSvma, romelsac
yvela survils usruleben! rodesac CaveZie, ra­
tom fiqroda ase miuxedavad imisa, rom mSoblebi
misi yvela survilis Sesrulebas savaldebulod
miiCnevdnen, mipasuxa, ggoniaT eg pativiscemaao? es
Cemi Tavidan moSorebis gzaa, ggoniaT ver vxvdebio?
amas CemTvis ki ara, TavianTi TavisaTvis akeTebeno.
vkiTxe, ar fiqrob, rom umaduri xar, araferi ar
mogwons-Tqo, yvelafriT ukmayofilo xar-Tqo?..
miTxra, momwons, rogor ara, aq rogorc melapara­
kebian, momwonso, miuxedavad imisa, rom TiTqos
pirdapiri, gulaxdili saubari gvqonda da bevri
ram arc Tu sasiamovni moismina. mipasuxa, rom mas aq
pativs scemdnen. ase CaTvala, radgan usmendnen da
esaubrebodnen. pativiscema ki bavSvisaTvis is aris,
rodesac pirdapir esaubrebian, uxsnian, angariSs uw­
even. midgoma, TiTqos bavSvi ar unda ganerviuldes
da amitom yvelaferi unda Seusrulo, miuRebelia.
swored aseT SemTxvevaSi xdebian bavSvebi usazRvro
monopolistebi, ris Semdegac mSobels Tavisi prin­
cipi aviwydeba da es yvelaferi xelCarTul omSi
gadadis. amitom vcdilobT mSoblebs avuxsnaT, rom
miznis misaRwevad bavSvis tirilSi araferia tragi­
kuli. bavSvi tiris, rodesac raRac unda da icis,
rom amiT Sedegs miaRwevs. yvelafris Sesruleba imis
gamo, rom bavSvma ar itiros, ukuSedegamde migvi­
yvans. rodesac bavSvs aRar aqvs aranairi CarCo, es,
rogorc giTxariT, mSobelsa da Svils Soris lamis
brZoliT grZeldeba, gardamaval asakamde mSobeli
jobnis, Semdeg ki ukve Svili.
intervius meore nawili, romelic gardatexis
asakis problemebsa da mTavar gamowvevebs eTmoba,
momdevno nomerSi gamoqveyndeba.
esaubra maia gabunia
giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi
NAEC.GE
„iq, sadRac, xelis gawvdenaze“
„nebismeiri aqcia Cvensken momarTuli, aq, oku­
pirebul teritoriaze aRiqmeba, rogorc didi
bedniereba da sixaruli, romelsac SeuZlia odnav
mainc Seanelos samSoblosgan mowyvetiT miRebuli
tkivili. ZirZvel samurzayanoSi didi rwmenaa
qveynis gamTlianebisa. oRond zurgi gagvimagreT
da Cven uiaraRo jariskacebi, sicocxlis bolomde
vibrZolebT mSobliur afxazeTSi qarTuli sulis­
kveTebis SenarCunebisTvis.“
galis raionis maswavlebelebi da moswavleebi
zedmetad emociurad da didi paTosiT naTqvami
sityvebi xandaxan uxerxul gancdas aCens. gvjera da
Tan arc gvjera, TiTqos sityva verasodes gamoxatavs
zust grZnobas, magram es is SemTxveva ar aris. am
mokle gancxadebaSi yvelaferi martivi da Tanac
amave dros „genialuria“ _ isini sakuTar miwas, Cven
ki Cveni qveynis nawils gvinarCuneben. yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi amis gakeTeba rTulia. yvelaze rTuli
ki mainc momavali TaobisaTavis igive gancdis
gadmocemaa, „iq, sadRac, xelis gawvdenaze“ Cveni
drois usaxelo gmirebi cxovroben.
usaxeloa Cveni respodentic.
namdvili gvarisa da saxelis dasaxelebis eSinia.
eSinia „Sin“ mimaval gzaze problemebi ar Seeqmnas.
_ rogor mogmarToT? _ kiTxvaze uceb dafiqr­
da, Tvalebi gaunaTda da moridebiT amomxeda.
_ monikaTi!
monika... qarTul enasa da literaturas aswavlis
da galis raionis erT-erTi skolis uxucesi maswav­
lebelia. skolaSi 1965 wlidan muSaobs. ambobs, rom
mSobliuri enis swavleba sul ufro rTul viTare­
baSi uwevs. separatistuli mTavrobis warmomadgen­
lebi qarTulad saubars, qarTulis swavlasa da, mi­
Tumetes, qarTuli enis swavlebas devnian.
_ yvelanairad xels gviSlian „ganTlebis mi­
Rebis uflebiT visargebloT“. galis raionis
yvela skolaSi erTi da igive viTarebaa. qarTu­
lis gakveTilebis Catareba sastikad gvekrZaleba.
CvenTvis gamoyofili saaTebi ki yovelwliurad mc­
irdeba.
Tu gaumarTla, bavSvebs gakveTilebis dam­
Tavrebis Semdeg tovebs. qarTul enas galSi sa­
Tadarigo gakveTilis statusi aqvs da mxolod im
SemTxvevSi tardeba, rodesac sxva sagani cdeba. mon­
ika ambobs, rom galSi gatarebuli yoveli dRe ar­
sebobisaTvis brZolaa, brZola sakuTari identobis
SesanarCuneblad.
afxazeTis omis Semdeg galis raionSi, istoriuli samurzayanos teritoriaze 58 zogadsaganmana-
15
NAEC.GE
Tleblo skolidan funqcionireba mxolod 31-ma
gaagrZela. aRdgenili 31 skolidan 20 rusulenovan
swavlebazea gadayvanili. qarTulenovani swavleba
SenarCunebulia mxolod galis egreT wodebul „qveda
zonis“ 11 skolaSi. aRdgenil skolebSi moqmedebs gansxvavebuli, afxazuri saswavlo gegmebi. gegmis mixedviT swavleba rusul enaze, moZvelebuli meTodikiT
mimdinareobs. pirvelklaselebi deda enas egreT wodebuli „azbukiT“ iwyeben, kursdamTvrebulebs ki afxazur atestatSi mSobliur enad rusuli ewerebaT.
skolebSi Semcirebulia ara marto qarTuli enisa da
literaturis saaTebi, aramed SemcirebaSi afxazuri
enis gakveTilebic mohyva.
rogorc qalbatoni monika yveba, sazRvars miRma
darCenili soflebisaTvis didi stumulia erTian
erovnul gamocdebSi monawileoba.
_ wlebis win veravin warmoidgenda, rom prestiJul umaRles saswavleblebSi swavlis gagrZeleba mxolod codnis xarjze SeiZleboda. axla yvela xvdeba,
rom codna da Sroma ar ekargeba _ aseTi gamocda stimuli ara mxolod abiturientisTvis, aramed maswavleblisTvisacaa. es aris realuri saSualeba imisa, rom
sakuTari SesaZlebloba maqsimalurad gamoavlino.
garda amisa, erTaini erovnuli gamocdebi mudmivi kavSiris saSualebaa im samyarosTan, romelic CvenTvis
yvelaze Zvirfasia, _ ambobs monika da Tan zRvis­
feri Tvalebi cremlebiT evseba.
16
_ xSirad yofila, rodesac gamocdaze wamo­
sulebi sazRvarze ar gamouSviaT, specialurad
daugvianebiaT. separatistuli mTavroba yvelanai­
rad xels gviSlis. sul cota xnis win Cvens skola­
Si specialuri komisia gamoagzavnes. Semowmebis
Semdeg saaqto darbazSi Segvkribes da meTormete
klaselebs mosTxoves Temebi daeweraT: „kanonsa da
samarTalze“ da „sikeTesa da borotebaze“. Temebis
wakiTxvis Semdeg erT-erTi maRalCinosani adga da
Tqva:
_ Tqven axla sikeTesa da borotebaze saubrobT,
rogor fiqrobT, es ar iqneba boroteba, Tu aqedan
waxvalT da erTian erovnul gamocdebs CaabrebT?
icodeT, veRarc mSobliur saxlebSi dabrundebiT da
veRarc mSoblebs naxavT... aba, amaze didi boroteba
ra unda iyos? _ am ganwyobis miuxedvad gamocdebSi
monawileobis survili didia, magram alabaT es ar
aris mTavri. mTavri imedia, imedi, rom adamians sa­
kuTari adgilis povna da sazogadoebis srulfaso­
van wevrad gaxdoma SeuZlia.
monika TbilisSi ori dRiT Camovida. xval, mzis
amosvlasTn erTad gzas unda gaudges, wavides „iq,
sadRac, xelis gawvdenaze“, sadac mis dabrunebas
elodebian.
esaubra Teiko anjafariZe
giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi
NAEC.GE
erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis kidev
erTi mniSvnelovani mxare
erTiani erovnuli, pedagogTa sasertifikacio,
saerTo samagistro da studentTa sagranto ga­
mocdebi dasrulda. Caiara, rogorc yovelTvis,
warmatebiT da patar-patara incidentebiT, iq
viRacam sagamocdo seqtorSi ricxvi 666 amoikiTxa
da „mxecis niSnis“ SiSiT gamocdebs gamoeTiSa,
ramdenime abiturientma qalebis nacvlad teqstSi
qalaqebi waikiTxa da amaze aago msjeloba,
abiturintTa raRaca nawilma komunist da sakuTa­
ri Svilis gamyidvel babuas „patrioti“ uwoda da
a. S. magram sabolood kvlevebis monacemebma aCve­na,
rom aplikantTa umravlesobam warmatebiT daZ­
lia
davalebebi, xolo gamocdebi standartulad sa­
Sualo sirTulisa iyo, Tu ar CavTvliT pedagogTa
Sedegebs, romlebic yovelwliurad uaresdeba.
wels am ambavs mohyva yvelaze didi aJiotaJi.
saerTod gamocdebs yovel wels axlavs amgavri
aJiotaJi. miTumetes, rom qarTuli media wlebis
ganmavlobaSi mas qveyanaSi mimdinare yvelaze
mniSvnelovan movlenad Tvlis xolme da rogorc
wesi, yvela da yvelanairi mauwyebloba testebis
Camotanidan Caricxvebis dasrulebamde dReSi
ramdenjerme aSuqebs mis mimdinareobas. amgvari
„gaSuqebebis“ dros gamotovebulia an arasdros
aris aqcentirebuli erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba,
romelic sxva RirsebebTan erTad 2009 wels
„miemata“ gamocdebis erovnul centrs. erTiani
erovnuli gamocdebi qveynis erT-erT mniSvnelovan
reformad mxolod imitom ki ar iTvleba, rom igi
Sefasebis samarTlian, gamWvirvale, unificire­
bul principebze damyarebuli sistemaa, romelic
umaR­
lesi saswav­
leblebisaTvis saukeTeso abitu­
rientebis SerCevas uzrunvelyofs
_ erTianma
erovnulma gamocdebma saSualeba misca swavla
gaegrZelebinaT iseT pirebs, romlbsac manamde
amis aranairi Sansi ar hqondaT. yovel wels
gamocdas abarebs asobiT specialuri saWiroebis
mqone aplikanti, maT Soris cerebraluri dam­
bliT daavadebuli da SezRuduli motoruli
funqciebis mqone adamianebi. maTTvis sagamocdo
centebSi sxvadasxva specialuri pirobebi iq­
mneba. gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis dros ki abi­
turientebs SeuZliaT meTvalyureebs ukarnaxon
teqsti da am formiT Caabaron gamocda. wels me
vnaxe ramdenime abiturienti, romlebsac avariisa
Tu sxva SemTxvevebis gamo absoluturad ufunqcio
hqondaT marjvena xeli da uzomod gaxarebulebi
iyvnen imis gamo, rom miuxedavad aseTi problemisa
SeZles gamocdebi CaebarebinaT da studentebi
gamxdariyvnen. ilia WanuyvaZem avtoavariaSi mZimed
daiziana kidurebi da Tvali:
rom miuxedavad avtoavariis Sedegad miyenebuli tra­
mvebisa, mainc SeZlebdiT gamocdebze gasvlas?
_ pirvel rigSi minda didi madloba gadagixadoT
im araCveulebrivi pirobebisaTvis, romlebic Semiq­
meniT. simarTle giTxraT, gamocdebze xeli mqonda
aRebuli da momaval wels vfiqrobdi Cabarebas.
rodesac gavige, rom gamocdebis erovnuli centri
gansakuTrebul pirobebs Semiqmnida, Zalian game­
xarda, es absoluturad moulodnelic iyo, radgan
aqamde aseTi ram arasodes da arsad gamigia.
_ ra SeRavaTebi gqondaT da rogor Caiara gamoc­
debma?
_ marjvena xelis motexilobis gamo wera ar
SemeZlo, magram gamocdebi karnaxiT davwere. we­
raSi centris TanamSromlebi damexmarnen, rom­
le­­
bic araCveulebrivi adamianebi aRmoCndnen da
SesaniSnavi pirobebi Semiqmnes. garda amisa, me
vgrZnobdi maT Tanadgomasa da zrunvas, rac CemTvis
erTgvari motivaciac aRmoCnda da Zalian damexmara
gamocdebis CabarebaSi. madloba yvelas.
_ ilia, Tqven gamocdebis erovnul centrs gan­
cxadebiT momarTeT, rom gaeTvaliswinebinaT Tqveni
problema, ramdenad moulodneli iyo, ro­ca gaigeT,
17
NAEC.GE
„gamocdebis erovnul centrSi“ 2006 wli­
dan specialurad brailis SriftiT iqmneba saga­
moc­
do testebi usinaTloebisaTvis, wels maT
gaumjobesebuli sistemiT, bus specialuri prog­
ramiTac SesTavaza centrma gamocdebis Cabareba.
centri sistematurad zrunavs specialuri saWi­
roebis mqone abiturientebisaTvis ukeTesi pirobebis
Sesaqmnelad, mTavari ki is aris, rom gamocdebSi
monawileobis ufleba msjavrdebul aplikantebsac
aqvT. 2009 wels ministr nika gvaramias iniciativiTa
da gadawyvetilebiT ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministrom pirvelad mimarTa sasjelaRsrulebis,
probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis saministros
gancxadebiT, rom gamocdebze registraciis gavli­
sa da gamocdebze gasvlis ufleba daerTo im abi­
turientebisaTvis, romlebsac umaRlesSi swavlis
gagrZelebis survili hqondaT. SeTanxmeba Sedga.
koka lebaniZe erT-erTi pirvelia, visac es reforma
Seexo:
_ koka, vin Segatyobina da ra reaqcia gqonda, roca
gaige, rom amieridan msjavrdebul abiturientebsac
hqondaT erTian erovnul gamocdebSi monawileobis
miRebis ufleba?
_ satelefono saubrisas gamagebines saxlidan,
rom maZlevdnen gamocdaze gasvlis uflebas, rac,
faqtobrivad, cixidan gamosvlas udrida CemTvis, ar
megona srul dafinansebas Tu ver movipovebdi, ori
qula damaklda mxolod.
_ gamocdebis dawyebamde ramdeni xniT adre daga­
patimres da ra iyo amis mizezi?
_ 17 marts damiWires, gamocdebi ivnisis bolos
iwyeboda. detalebze ar msurs saubari, gamigebT
albaT... didi droc gavida da arc vixseneb xolme im
usiamovno ambavs, RmerTma gadamarCina da cocxali
gadarCa dazaralebuli.
_ gamocdaze sakmaod kargi Sedegi aCvene, Tu axer­
xebdi cixis pirobebSi mecadineobas?
_ cixeSi, winaswari dakavebis izolatorSi
mecadineoba cota mouxerxebelia, magram gamocdebis
win garkveuli masalis gadaxedva movaswari, Tumca
yvelaze mniSvnelovani 3 Tve gamicda.
kokam 70%-iani dafinanseba moipova. gamocdebis
warmatebiT daZlevis SemTxvevaSi Sewyalebis werili
prezidents egzvneba. am Sewyalebis safuZvelze
gaTavisuflda 30 agvistos. studenturi cxovreba
moswons, momaval wels magistraturaSic apirebs
Cabarebas.
2009 welsve dadga sakiTxi, Tu rogor SeiZleboda
ukeTesad momzadebuliyvnen msjavrdebulebi erTi­
ani erovnuli gamocdebisaTvis. gadawyda, rom
dapatimrebisTanave arasrulwlovani 123-e sajaro
skolaSi Cairicxeboda, romlis pedagogebsac ufleba
eqnebodaT yoveldRiurad, Cveulebriv saskolo
reJimSi CaetarebinaT maTTvis gakveTilebi.
123-e sajaro skolis direqtori nino kvitaiSvili:
_ 2009-2010 saswavlo wels sasjelaRsrulebisa
da
ganaTlebis
saministroebis
erToblivi
iniciativiT Seiqmna proeqti „sasjelaRsrulebis
18
dawesebulebebSi zogadi ganaTlebis uzrunvelyo­
fa“, romlis farglebSic arasrulwlovani vaJebi
da gogonebi miiRebdnen srul zogad ganaTlebas.
ganaTlebis saministrom gamoacxada pedagogTa
SesarCevi konkursi da daiqirava 22 pedagogi, maT
Soris mec.
pirvelive saswavlo wels dadga saWiroeba
proeqti erT romelime skolas ganexorcielebina,
radgan samarTlebrivad sxvagvarad ver moxdeboda
atestatiT ganaTlebis dadastureba. me Tavad
wamovayene iniciativa 123-e sajaro skolas etvirTa
es saqme. mas Semdgom yvela arasrulwlovani
msjavrdebuli, romlebic swvalaze acxadeben
Tanxmobas, iricxebian 123-e sajaro skolaSi da iReben
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamis ganaTlebas.
pirvelive saswavlo wels 7-ma msjavrdebulma
warmatebiT daZlia erovnuli gamocdebi. maTgan
prezidentis mier Sewyalebul iqna sami. danarCeni
4-dan sami sxvadasxva dros gaTavisuflda da
gaagrZela swavla.
_ erTian erovnul gamocdebze daregistrirebuli
yvela msjavrdebuli abiturienti axerxebs gamocdaze
gasvlas, Tu gaaCnia danaSaulis simZimes?
_ 2011 da 2012 wlebSi sxvadasxva mizezis gamo
daregistrirebuli
abiturientebidan
erovnul
gamocdebze mxolod 2-2 abiturientis gayvana moxer­
xda. gulwrfelad rom giTxraT, bavSvebi Cacmulebi
elodnen badragebis TanxlebiT gamocdaze gas­
vlas, movida manqana da maTgan mxolod ori abi­
turienti waiyvana, umZimesi suraTi iyo, Zalian
mZime fsiqologiuri stresi miadga bavSvebs da maT
Semyures Cvenc... wels am mxriv problema ar yofila.
yvelam SeZlo gamocdebis Cabareba.
_ msjavrdebulebs Tu moswonT proeqti? zogjer
sirTuleebs xom ar awydebiT maTi mxridan?
_ sirTuleebi, ra Tqma unda, aris. am sir­
Tuleebis gadalaxvas sasjelaRsrulebis aras­
ru­l­wlovanTa N11 specialuri dawesebulebis
ad­mi­nistraciasTan, fsiqologebTan, socialur
sam­­saxurTan koordinirebuli muSaobiT vaxerxebT.
pirveli amocana motivaciaa, survili imisa, rom
msjavrdebuli CaerTos saswavlo procesSi. es
sulac ar aris martivi. mozardebs, raRa Tqma unda,
proeqti moswonT, es maTTvis aris garkveulwilad
garesamyarosTan Sexebis erT-erTi saSualeba, Tavs
grZnoben srulfasovan moswavleebad, bavSvebad.
gansakuTrebiT ainteresebT is Temebi, romlebzec
masalis vizualizaciis saSualeba gvaqvs pedago­
gebs.
_ sajaro skolis Sesabamisad, maTac yovel dRe
utardebaT gakveTilebi, Tu amisaTvis specialuri
dReebia gamoyofili?
_ swavla mimdinareobs Cveulebrivi sagakveTilo
reJimiT, esg-s saaTobrivi badiT. erTaderTi
gansxvavebaa _ diliT ar viwyebT 9 saaTze da didi
Sesveneba ufro xangrZlivia, vidre sajaro skolaSi,
dawesebulebis reJimsa da mozardTa kvebis dros
viTvaliswinebT.
NAEC.GE
_ sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi saskolo
garemos Sesaqmnelad Tu aris saxelmwifos mxridan
Tanxebi gamoyofili da giwevT Tu ara damatebiT
inventaris Setana?
_ saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs yvela moswavles
piradi saxelmZRvaneloebiT, yvela saswavlo re­
sursiTa da skolis inventariT. mimdinare wels
aSenda calke Senoba skolisaTvis, romelSic axali
saswavlo wlidan idealur saswavlo garemoSi
gan­
vaaxlebT saswavlo process. dawesebulebis
administraciam infrastruqturuli, Senobis aR­
Wur­
visa da sxva Temebi ar gadawyvita CvenTan
konsultaciis gareSe da gaiTvaliswina yvela is
niuansi, romlebic saswavlo procesisaTvis iyo
mniSvnelovani.
_ ramdenad gaamarTla poeqtma, 2009-2012 wlebSi
ramdenma msjavrdebulma SeZlo umaRlesSi swavlis
gagrZeleba?
_ 10-ma pirdapir sasjelaRsrulebis sitemidan
Caabara da gaagrZela swavla. magram amaze
bevrad metia maTi raodenoba, vinc cixeSi aiRo
atestati, gaTavisuflda da ise Caabara umaRles
saswavlebelSi. magaliTad wels, skolaSi gamosaSveb
gamocdebze 18 yofili msjavrdebuli gveswreboda,
maTi umravlesoba abarebs erovnul gamocdebs da
ramdenadac vici, warmatebulad. am Temaze Zalian
bevri SeiZleba visaubro, gansakuTrebiT TviT
moswavleebze, magram Cemze ukeT isini isaubreben
proeqtis mniSvnelobis, misi aqtualobisa da maT
cxovrebaSi Setanili wvlilis Sesaxeb. am proeqtma
bevri maTganis cxovreba Secvala da gauxsna gza
momavlisaken
_ warmatebuli momavlisaken. es
ar aris litoni sityvebi, gaesaubreT maT: gvanca
yufaraZe, giorgi zerekiZe
_ mxolod am ors
davasaxeleb, radgan maT Sesaxeb cnobilia farTo
sazogadoebisaTvis, sxvaTa Sesaxeb ki, rogorc
yovelTvis, konfidencialobas ar davarRvev.
gvanca yufaraZe axla Tavisufalia da sakmaod
warmtebuli studenti gaxlavT:
_ gvanca, Tqven 14 wlis iyaviT, roca sas­
jelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi moxvdiT, Se­
sa­
ba­­
misad, amave asakidan iricxebodiT 123-e sko­
lis moswavled, rogor midioda cixeSi Tqveni
sagan­­manaTleblo procesi?
_ diax, 14 wlis gaxldiT, rodesac penitenciur
sistemaSi movxvdi. im periodSi arasrulwlovan
gogo­naTa sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebis arar­
sebobasTan erTad, ar arsebobda aramcTu skola,
aramed sabazo ganaTlebis miRebis elementaruli
resursic ki ar moipoveboda. 2009 wels Cemi mSoblebis,
iuristebis, uflebadamcvelebisa da saerTaSoriso
donis Jurnalistebis mravalwliani brZolis Sedegad,
ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZlebloba momeca. proeqti,
romlis wyalobiTac swavla daviwyeT ganxorcielda
gaeros bavSvTa fondis UNICEF-is xelSewyobiT,
mxardaWeriTa da pirdapiri dafinansebiT. 2009
wels UNICEF-is iniciativa miiRo ganaTlebisa da
mecnierebis saministrom da inicirebuli proeqtis
xelmZRvanelad daniSna ganaTlebis saministroSi
amave saxis saganmanaTleblo sakiTxebis kompetenciiT
aRWurvili piri _ gvanca liparteliani. qalbatoni
19
NAEC.GE
gvanca didi keTilSobilebiTa da profesionalizmiT
ekideboda aRniSnul sakiTxs. sistemaSi ganTavsebul
arasrulwlovnebs is araerTxel Segvxvda, ro­
gorc UNICEF-is warmomadgenlebis, asve piradi
iniciativiT, misi wyalobiT is pedagogebi, romelTac
Cvens ganaTlebaze unda ezrunaT, erovnul done­
ze, konkursis wesiT SeirCnen. SesaZlebloba,
romelic qalbatonma gvancam aseTi pedagogebis
sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi SemoyvaniT mog­
vca, CvenTvis iyo jansaRi cxovrebis gagrZelebis
Sansi.
_ yvela sagans swavlobdiT, ramdenad hgavs cixis
skola Cveulebrivs?
_ 2009 wlis oqtombridan Cven srulyofilad
vswavlobdiT sabazo da saSualo ganTlebis Sesa­
xeb arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul
yvela sagans. saswavlo procesi uwyvet reJimSi
mimdonareobda, magram skolas ar hqonda ofici­
aluri statusi, Tumca istorikosis, 123-e sa­
jaro skolis direqtoris, qalbatoni nino kvi­
taiSvilis didi Zalisxmevis, Sromisa da piradi,
„adamianuri motivaciis“ wyalobiT, piradad mi­
si
Rvawlis Sedegad, Cvenma saganmanaTleblo dawe­
se­
bulebam da arasrulwlovan vaJTa skolam,
romelic etapobrivad manamdec funqcionirebda,
miiRo oficialuri statusi sabazo da saSualo
ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
Sesabamisad, rac gamoixata penitenciur sistemaSi
arsebuli skolebis 123-e sajaro skolis iuris­
diqciaSi SeyvaniT, am miRwevis Sedegad yoveli
bavSvi, romelic gaivlida saswavlo programas da
Caabarebda saskolo gamosaSveb gamocdebs, manamde
arsebuli situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, maT Soris
eqsternis wesiTac, miiRebda 123-e sajaro skolis
Cveulebriv atestats. es iyo im droisaTvis
istoriuli mniSvnelobis miRweva, aRsaniSnavia, rom
123-e sajaro skola saganmanaTleblo kriteriumebis
sruli recefcirebis wyalobiT, rogorc akademiur
wreebSi, aseve sazogadoebaSi erT-erT saukeTesod
iTvleboda, swored es gaxda mizezi warmatebisa,
romelic am proeqtis ganxorcielebiT iqna miRweuli.
_ Tqven siyvaruliT ixsenebT 123-e skolis direq­
tors. maswavleblebi Tu mogwondaT?
_ piradad me maswavlida 123-e sajaro skolis
4 pedagogi. sul aTni iyvnen. aTive pedagogi
saqarTvelos masStabiT iqna SerCeuli konkursis
wesiT, rac kidev erTxel usvams xazs 123-e sajaro
skolis donesa da masSi damkvidrebul Rirebulebebs.
magram, mimaCnia, rom erTi Zalze mniSvnelovani
detalis xazgasma ubralod aucilebelia: erTia
xarisxisa da kompetenciis done da meore survili
imisa, rom aswavlo msjavrdebulebs, karieris
aRmasvlis dros, maSin, rodesac arc profesiul da
arc privatul doneze es araferSi gWirdeba. _ Cemi
Sinagani rwmeniT es iyo maTi pirovnuli interesi,
swrafva daxmarebisa da mozardTa feniqsirebisaken,
_ profesionalis Jini Seqmnas yvelaferi arafrisagan.
Cvenma pedagogebma daamkvidres ideologia, romelic
piradad CemTvis cxovrebis azri gaxda. Cemi azriT,
yovelive es ara mxolod konkretulad gansazRvrul
pirTa jgufis, aramed sruliad sazogadoebis
miRwevaa, es aris Cveni sazogadoebis soliduri
nabiji gadadgmuli jansaRi socialuri garemosa da
demokratiisaken. saswavlo procesi mimdinareobda
intensiur reJimSi, pedagogebi saswavlo programiT
gansazRvrul dros yoveldRiurad aWarbebdnen,
isini CvenTan iyvnen kviraSi 6 dRe _ dilis 10
saaTidan saRamos 6 saaTamde. gasavleli iyo metad
rTuli saswavlo etapebi organizebis TvalsazrisiT,
radgan cixeSi myofi yoveli bavSvi sxvadasxva
asakisa da akademiuri moswrebisa iyo, Sesabamisad,
TiToeuls sWirdeboda individualuri saswavlo
programa, isini yovelive amas sruli enTuziazmisa
da didi Sinagani motivaciis fonze akeTebdnen.
_ rodis miiReT gadawyvetileba, rom erTian
erovnul gamocdebze gasuliyaviT da gaamarTla Tu
ara gamocdebma Tqveni imedebi?
_ am sakiTxze dakavebis dRidan vfiqrobdi.
Tavdapirvelad
ar
mindoda
CamovrCeniliyavi
saswavlo process, SemdgomSi, rodesac situacia
garTulda, ganaTlebis damoukideblad miReba
gadavwyvite, xolo pedagogebTan Sexvedris Sem­
deg maTi daxmarebis wyalobiT mizans mivaRwie.
yovelTvis vambobdi da axlac davafiqsireb Cems
mosazrebas, romelSic vcdilob, yovelive imis
Sesaxeb Cavaqsove azri, rasac vgrZnobdi da vgrZnob
_ Sedegi, romelic miviRe, aris Cemi pedagogebis
miRweva, yovelive es maTi Seqmnilia, mosvlis pir­
veli dRidan erovnuli gamocdebis Casabareblad
Tbilisis teqnikur universitetSi Cemi etapire­
bis
dRemde. Cemma pedagogebma SeZles movemzadebine
20
NAEC.GE
ise, rom erT weliwadSi Camebarebina sami saswavlo
wlis programa eqsternis wesiT _ IX, X da XI klasebi,
momdevno wels ki XII klasis saswavlo programa
da erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi, ris Sedegadac,
gamocdebis warmatebiT Cabarebis Semdgom Caviricxe
guram TavarTqilaZis saswavlo universitetis iu­
ridiul fakultetze. misaReb gamocdebze Cems da­
saxvedrad mobrZanda `gamocdebis erovnuli cen­
tris~ xelmZRvaneli, qalbatoni maia miminoSvili,
romelic Zalian Tbilad momeqca da gamamxneva,
simarTle giTxraT, es CemTvis didi stimuli iyo, es
momenti yovelTvis memaxsovreba. xSirad maxsendeba,
rom gamocdebisaTvis mosamzadebeli periodi
daemTxva penitenciur sistemaSi arsebul karantins.
Cven rusTavSi mogviwia etapireba, erTi Tvis
ganmavlobaSi praqtikulad Caketilebi viyaviT, ar
vicodiT ganaxldeboda Tu ara saswavlo procesi.
Cveni pedagogebi ki CvenTan Tbilisidan rusTavSi
yoveldRe dadiodnen im imediT, rom erTxel
mainc gvnaxavdnen... bolos mainc SeZles procesis
ganaxleba, yvelaferi sakuTari xeliT gaakeTes
am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. pedagogebi,
pedagogTa jgufis xelmZRvaneli, qalbatoni nato
sanaia yovelTvis cdilobdnen, rom skolaSi didi
xniT davetovebineT. maxsovs qalbaton natos xSirad
uTqvams, aRuniSnavs CvenTan, rom SesaZleblobis
micemis SemTxvevaSi saRamos eqvsi saTis Semdgomac
siamovnebiT gaatarebda CvenTan dros. gonebidan
ar amomdis skolis direqtoris, qalbatoni nino
kvitaiSvilis mzera, rodesac man karantinis Semdgom
pirvelad gvnaxa, es pirovneba 7 Tvis orsuli
Semovida sapyrobileSi, romelSi Semosvlasac
izolaciis dros gavrcelebuli saSiSi epidemiis
gamo is pirebic ki aridebdnen Tavs, romlebsac
Semosvlisa da muSaobis pirdapiri valdebuleba
ekisrebodaT. is wlebi jojoxeTs hgavda, magram
es dadebiTi sxivi aris naTeba, romelic CemSi
yvelafers faravs.
_ Tqven, rogorc momavali iuristi, rogor fiq­
robT, ra SeiZleba gakeTdes arasrulwlovan msjav­
rdebulTa ukeTesi reabilitaciisaTvis?
winsvlis SesaZlebloba, es aris reabilitaciisa da
prevenciis Caunacvlebeli forma, romelic axla
ormagad saWiroa, radgan gvaqvs saSualeba miRweuli
Sedegi gaormagdes, damnaSaves mieces saSualeba
daisajos da Seimecnos dasjis norma. mxolod
dasjiTi qmedebis analitikur doneze Segnebaa
WeSmariti reabilitaciis erTaderTi saSualeba,
meqanizmi, romelic problemas ara mxolod droebiT
SeaCerebs, aramed sruliad aRmofxvris. swored
amitom, rogorc adamiani, yofili arasrulwlovani
msjavrdebuli da momavali iuristi miviCnev, rom
moqmed etapze Cveni saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli
valdebulebiTi saWiroeba ikveTeba aRniSnuli
proeqtis met xelSewyobaSi, ideologiur mzao­
basa da daxmarebaSi. zemoxsenebul pedagogebs
uprecendento Sedegis miRebis resursi aqvT.
wels gamocdebi 9 msjavrdebulma Caabara. maTgan
4-ma gadalaxa minimaluri kompetenciis zRvari da
axla Sewyalebas elodeba.
_ nebismieri arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli­
saTvis, miuxedavad misi udanaSaulobisa Tu da­
naSaulisa, pirovnuli Tvisebebisa da danaSaulis
xarisxisa, pedagogTan urTierToba aris gadarCenis
Sansi, mozardis ganviTarebisa da pirovnuli
qeTi kvitatiani
giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi
_ ra profesia airCieT da ra iyo am arCevanis mi­
zezi?
_ gadavwyvite iuristi gavmxdariyavi da Ca­
vabare iuridiul fakultetze. rasakvirvelia, am
arCevanis mizezi iyo usamarTloba, romelic Tavs
gadamxda. me yovelTvis vambobdi, vamtkicebdi,
rom udanaSaulo viyavi, swored amitom es iyo Cemi
revanSi usamarTlobaze, garda amisa, erTxel erT
oficers penitenciur sistemaSi Sevpirdi, rom
masaviT iuristi gavxdebodi, maSin bavSvi viyavi,
am adamianma Cemze gansakuTrebuli zegavlena
moaxdina, ar vici rogor agixsnaT, aTobiT moZalade
TanamSromlis zemoqmedebis kvaldakval, is TiTqos
„anaTebda“.
21
ყოველ სამშაბათს, 14 საათსა და 10 წუთზე,
გადაცემა ,,გამოცდებიდან - გამოცდებამდე’’თეიკო ანჯაფარიძესთან ერთად!
საინფორმაციო მხარდამჭერი შეფასებისა და გამოცდების ეროვნული ცენტრი!
,,იპოვე შენი მომავალი“
გადმოერთე ,,იმედზე’’- რადიო ,,იმედი’’
Fm 105.9!
NAEC.GE
pedagogTa sertificireba _ rogorc stimuli
pedagogTa sasertifikacio gamocdebi 2010
wlidan daiwyo da dRemde misi mTavari mizani
maswavleblebis donisa da profesionalizmis Se­
fasebaa. amis winapiroba ki maswavlebelTa pro­
fesiuli ganviTarebis centris saqmianoba gax­
da,
romelsac treningebis saSualebiT unda ga­­
daem­
zadebina pedagogi gamocdis warmatebiT da­saZlevad.
moqmedi maswavleblebisaTvis amgvari treningebi
dRemde ufasoa. rogor imuSava am jaW­vma da ra unda
gaiTvaliswinos
gamocdaze
se­­tificirebis msurvelma pe­­­
dagogma? sasurvelia Tu ara
dRevandeli sagamocdo sqe­
mis Secvla da ramdenad da­
Zlevadia is? am SekiT­
xvebiT
erT-erTi saukeTeso Sedegis
mqone maswavlebels _ eka xve­
deliZes mivmarTeT, rome­lic
dawyebiT klasebs aswav­
lis
128-e skolaSi.
_ q-no eka, rodis gadawyviteT sasertifikato
gamocdaze gasvla?
_ bevri ar mifiqria, me, rogorc pedagogma,
romelsac mimaCnia, rom var kvalificirebuli, CavT­
vale, rom momeca Sansi sakuTari SesaZleblobebis
gadasamowmeblad da miviRe gadawyvetileba gavsu­
liyavi gamocdaze. maswavlebelTa sertificireba
Zalian mniSvnelovani procesia. mogexsnebaT, bolo
wlebSi Seicvala saswavlo programebi, Semovida
axali saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlebic ZiriTadad
swavla-swavlebis proceszea orientirebuli. Sedegs
ki mxolod maSin miviRebT, Tu pedegogi zustad
moaxerxebs am cvlilebebis mitanas moswavlemde.
maswavlebeli mniSvnelovani figuraa da realurad
mis kvalifikaciazea damokidebuli moswavlis miR­
wevebi. pedagogma unda daainteresos moswavle Ta­
visi sagniT, gaiTvaliswinos misi asakobrivi da in­
dividualuri Tviseba. sasertifikato gamocdebi ki
swored amas emsaxureba, aq mowmdeba pedagogiuri
unari da sagnobrivi codna. gamocdebi kargi saSu­
alebaa TviTSefasebisaTvis.
_ ra periodi dagWirdaT mosamzadelad da rogor
mimdinareobda momzadebis procesi?
_ saserTifikato gamocda sakuTar Tavze bevr
muSaobas moiTxovs. reformebis procesSi wlebia
CarTuli var, CemTvis yvela siaxle sainteresoa
da mudmivad vcdilob saqmis kursSi viyo, miRebul
codnas viyeneb praqtikaSi. swored es damexmara
sasertifikato gamocdebSi warmatebis miRwevaSi,
amis gareSe, mxolod ramdenime dRiani treningis
safuZvelze gamocdis warmatebiT daZleva, albaT
SeuZlebelia.
23
NAEC.GE
SeuZlebelia, igi gacilebiT mets grZnobs, vidre
Cven gvgonia...“ (ilia II) .
_ ramdenad rTulia sasertifikato gamocda da ra
unda gaiTvaliswinos gamocdaze pedagogma?
_ Tqveni azriT, ramdenad saWiroa sasertifikato
gamocda da ras SecvlidiT mis formatSi?
_ maswaleblis sertificirebis saWiroebis Ses­
axeb sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi TiTqmis aRar
kamaToben. sertificirebis mizania maswavleblis
profesiul standartTan piris codnisa da unarCvevebis Sesabamisobis dadgena. amitom sertifici­
rebis procesi maswavleblisagan sakuTar Tavze bevr
muSaobas moiTxovs. gamocdebi kargia TviTSefasebi­
saTvis. wlebi yovelTvis Stampavs adamians, amitom
profesionali pedagogi mudmivad zrdis, ganaxlebis
procesSi unda iyos. sertificireba reformebis
nawilia, evropis qveynebSi es miRebuli praqtikaa,
yvelgan xdeba pedagogTa profesiuli kvalifikaci­
is ganaxleba. rac Seexeba sertificirebis formats,
namdvilad misaRebia, magram aris sakiTxebi, romleb­
sac daxvewa esaWiroeba, Tumca amaze saubari Sors
wagviyvans.
_ sagnis codnisa da profesiuli unarebis garda
kidev ra Tvisebebia saWiro pedagogisaTvis?
_ sagnis codnisa da pedagogiuri unar-Cvevebis
garda maswavlebeli kargi pirovnuli Tvisebebis
matarebeli unda iyos: keTili, gulisxmieri,
samarTliani, kargi msmeneli da Sromismoyvare.
bavSvis siyvaruli ki maswavleblisaTvis aucilebel
mTavar Rirsebad mimaCnia. rogorc Cvenma patriarqma
brZana: „maswavlebelma, upirveles yovlisa, mozardis
siyvaruli unda daimsaxuros da gasaRebic mis xelSi
iqneba... magram siyvaruli rom davimsaxuroT, jer
Cven unda SeviyvaroT bavSvi namdvili siyvaruliT.
didebs unda axsovdeT, rom bavSvis motyueba
24
_ ioli arcerTi gamocda ar aris, yvela
moiTxovs Sromasa da codnis gaRrmavebas. magram
maswavleblis sertificirebisaTvis marto Teori­
uli codna sakmarisi ar aris, saWiroa praqtikuli
gamocdileba. saswavlo procesi cocxali orga­
nizmia da mas frTxili da saTuTi mopyroba sWird­
eba. umetesma nawilma Zalian kargad icis Teoriuli
masala, magaram, samwuxarod, mxolod nawili iyenebs
am aqtivobebs praqtikaSi, rac Semdeg uaryofiTad
aisaxeba maT profesiul winsvlaze. sakmaod efeqtu­
ria pedegogebs Soris TanamSromloba gamocdilebis
gaziarebis mizniT. maswavleblebi, romlebic erT­
maneTTan TanamSromloben, aRniSnaven, rom urT­
ierTswavleba maT dasaxuli miznis miRwevasa da mo­
tivirebaSi exmareba.
_ Tqven ambobT, rom bevrs muSaobT axali
meTodebis SesaZenad da sxvadasxva pedagogiuri
praqtikis gasacnobad. rogor axorcielebT prak­
tikaSi Tanamedrove midgomas da romeli qveynebis
gamocdileba dagexmaraT axleburi midgomebis
aTvisebaSi?
_ CemTvis, rogorc dawyebiTi safexuris maswav­
leblisaTvis, swavlebis Teoriebidan yvelaze Ri­
rebuli da mniSvnelovani dimitri uznaZis ganwyo­
bis Teoriaa. pedagogTa miznebi ganuxorcielebeli
NAEC.GE
darCeba, Tu Cven ar SevimecnebT bavSvis fsiqologi­
is arss. aqedan gamomdinarea, rom swavlebis pirvel
wlebSi dauSvebelia cifruli Sefaseba, rac xels
uSlis moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris ndobisa
da siyvarulis atmosferos ganviTarebas.
profesionalizmi, romlis ganuyofel nawilad gun­
duri muSaoba gansazRvres. am reformis Sedegad
maswavlebloba Zalian dafasebul profesiad iqca.
maT saocari ndoba gamoucxades sakuTar maswavle­
blebs, am qveyanaSi maswavlebelTaTvis araviTari
testireba ar arsebobs. imeds vitoveb, rom Cveni ga­
naTlebis sistema male ufro metad daixveweba da am
qveynis gamocdilebasac gaiTvaliswinebs.
_ da bolos, aris Tu ara sasertifikacio gamocdis
warmatebiT daZleva pedagogisaTvis stimuli?
rac Seexeba sxva qveynebis gamocdilebas, amJamad
yvelaze metad finuri ganaTlebis sistemis warmate­
biT var moxibluli. ganaTlebis reforma maT mo­
mavali maswavleblebis SerCeviTa da gadamzadebiT
daiwyes, amiT sagrZnoblad amaRlda maswavlebelTa
_ dResdReobiT sasertifikacio gamocdis
warmatebiT daZleva maswavleblis profesiis sta­
tusis asamaRleblad saxelmwifos is erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani iniciativaa, romelic maswavleb­
lisaTvis kargi stimuli da motivaciaa profesiuli
ganvTarebis gzaze. sxva amdagvari „stimulebis“ mo­
fiqrebac ar gvawyenda qarTvel pedagogebs.
esaubra qeTi kvitatiani
goga Canadiris fotoebi
25
NAEC.GE
„გამოცდების ეროვნული ცენტრი~ აპლიკანტებს
სთავაზობს ACCA-ს გამოცდებს
ACCA არის მსოფლიო ორგანიზაცია პროფესიონალი ბუღალტრებისათვის. მისი
მიზანია მომხმარებელს შესთავაზოს შესაბამისი ბიზნეს კვალიფიკაცია, რომელიც
პიროვნებას დაეხმარება მიაღწიოს კარიერულ წინსვლას ბუღალტერიაში,
ფინანსებსა და მენეჯმენტში.
ორგანიზაციას ამჟამად ჰყავს 162,000 წევრი და 426,000 სტუდენტი 170 ქვეყანაში.
`გამოცდების ეროვნული ცენტრი~ გახდა პირველი ლიცენზირებული ორგანიზაცია
საქართველოში,
რომელსაც
აქვს
უფლება
ჩაატაროს
კომპიუტერული გამოცდები:
ბუღალტერიის საფუძვლები (Foundations in Accountancy):
• FA1 Recording Financial Transactions
• MA1 Management Information
• FA2 Maintaining Financial Records
• MA2 Managing Costs and Finance
• FAB Accountant in Business
• FFA Financial Accounting
• FMA Management Accounting
ACCA -ს კვალიფიკაცია (ACCA Qualification):
• F1 Accountant in Business
• F2 Management Accounting
• F3 Financial Accounting
26
ACCA-ს
შემდეგი
NAEC.GE
rogor airCia profesia guram doCanaSvilma?
rogorc ar unda gindodeT, rom mwerali
gamoxvideT, profesia _ mwerals ver airCevT, radgan
ar arsebobs aseTi fakulteti. isev wignebidan
mogiwevT imis swavla, rogor ar unda weroT,
xolo rogor unda weroT _ es ukve Tqveni niWis
saqmea. amitom (nu, xSirad gamouvali mdgomareobis
gamo) yvela mwerals ori an meti profesia aqvs.
am werilidan SeityobT, rogor airCia profesia
guram doCanaSvilma da rogor gaxda is mevioline,
mogvianebiT arqeologi da bolos cnobili mwerali.
sanam guram doCanaSvilTan intervius Casawerad
mividodi, misi 700-gverdiani biografiuli romani
wavikiTxe _ „rac ufro maxsovs, da metad magonde­
ba“. baton gurams adreuli bavSvobidanve axsovs
yvelaferi da romanSic am droidan studentobis
CaTvliT TiTqmis yvelaferi detaluradaa moTxro­
bili. erTi ki gavifiqre: netav, romanis gamosvlamde
momeswro es interviu, naklebi uxerxuloba meqne­
boda-meTqi, magram kidev raRac detalebis gagebis
survilma ar momasvena da mivedi. imis gamo, rom
wakiTxuli mqonda „kaci, romelsac literatura
Zlier uyvarda“, uxerxulobis gancda ver movicile
_ ar mindoda am moTxrobis personaJs, agresiul da
sulel korespondents davmsgavsebodi, romelic bo­
los saqmis vergamosvlis gamo „Camoalaborantes“.
winaswar momzadebuli kiTxvebis davTari davxure
da ubralod vkiTxe: „rogor xarT, b-no guram?“ „ra
vicio“, _ mipasuxa da gaiRima. ucnauria, Sinaganad
savse da karg adamianebs iseTi Rimili aqvT, TiTqos
gulSi gixuteben. swored es qvecnobieri Caxuteba
gaxda Cveni uSualo da gaxsnili dialogis dawyebis
winapirobac. („kargi adamiani“ Tu gaugebari da pi­
robiTi cnebaa TqvenTvis, gaicaniT doCanaSvilis
personaJi griSa keJeraZe).
radgan Cveni Jurnali, iseve, rogorc is centri,
romelic mas gamoscems, gamocdebis irgvliv tria­
lebs, pirveli SekiTxva mec am Temaze davusvi...
_ b-no guram, istoriis fakultetze rom CaabareT,
Tqvenma istoriis pedagogma ar daijera, egona, rom
atyuebdiT. ratom airCieT profesiad is sagani,
romelsac Zalian cudad swavlobdiT skolaSi?
_ skolaSi saqarTvelos istoria ar iswavlebo­
da, ssrk-s istrias ki principulad ar vswavlobdi.
vardo maswavlebeli SemTxveviT Semxvda quCaSi. _
studenti gavxdi, vardo masw, istoriulze movewyve-
meTqi... da gabrazda: _ sul ase unda ityuebode,
doCanaSviloo? ... gamovaswore naTqvami: _ saso­
floze, zoovetSi movewyve-meTqi... mainc eWviT Se­
momxeda: _ es Tbiliseli biWi sasofloze ar Sex­
vidodio, arauSavs SenisTanebTan geqneba saqmeo, _
damamSvida da wavida. simarTle giTxraT, samedi­
cinoze vabarebdi, maSin prestiJuli iyo, qimiasa
da biologiSi vemzadebodi. yvelaze samarcxvinod
iTvleboda, axla moduri iuridiuli fakulteti,
radgan is policiasTan asocirdeboda, policieli
ki maSin aravis uyvarda. erTxel Cemma klaselma vo­
vam miTxra: modi, erTad CavabaroT istoriulzeo
da daveTanxme. qarTulSi Tavisufali Tema _ „mSvi­
doba gaimarjvebs omze“ _ davwere, rusulic CemiT
davwere, ssrk-s istoriis CabarebaSi damexmarnen,
xom iciT, maSin „Cawyoba“ iyo (icinis).
_ ar nanobT, es profesia rom airCieT?
_ ara, piriqiT, musikis Semdeg Cemi usayvarlesi
profesia iyo. arqeologiaSi vmuSaobdi. maSin calke
ar iyo arqeologiis fakulteti, istoriulSi Se­
dioda. Zalian saintereso gaTxrebSi maqvs monaw­
ileoba miRebuli. vanis, biWvinTis, raWis _ raWaSi
iseTi brinjaos xanis samarovnebi aRmovaCineT, rom
ubednieresebi viyaviT.
_ rogor axerxebdiT kursidan kursze gadasvlas
ise, rom ar swavlobdiT sabWoTa kavSiris istoriasa
da polit-ekonomias?
_ erTi Zalian kargi leqtori myavda _ akaki
surgulaZe. Sevedi gamocdaze da mekiTxeba: ar unda
icode sabWoTa kavSiris istoriao? me vupasuxe, rom
xelovnebidan vicnob mas-meTqi. raRaceebi mkiTxa
da gaukvirda, leqciebzec ar davdiodi. „me orianis
daweras vapirebdi da oTxs dagiwero“. mere davmego­
brdiT. maSin leqtorebi da studentebi Zalian mego­
brobdnen, saqeifodac davdiodiT erTad. me xSirad
vambob, rom universitetis baRi ufro maqvs dam­
Tavrebuli, vidre universiteti-meTqi. Tumca rac
mWirdeboda da rac vicodi, rom gamomadgeboda, imas
kargad vswavlobdi.
_ abiturintobis periodSi Tqven cixeSi moxvdiT
leninis Zeglis Seuracxyofis gamo. Zalian bevri
Tqveni Taobis adamiani kmayofilia sabWoTa wyobiT da
xSirad oxravs: „ra qveyana daangrieso!“, Tqven 16-17
27
NAEC.GE
guram doCanaSvili
28
NAEC.GE
wlis asakSi TanatolebTan erTad ukve seriozulad
ebrZodiT am wyobas, Tqveni biografiuli romanidan
Tu moviSveliebT citatas, „aviReT da im uwminduris
Zegli (leninis) manamde Sekavebulis _ siTxiurobiT
Zlierurad SevuracxyaviT“ da es xdeba 50-iani wlebis
sabWoTa TbilisSi. rogor gaxdiT „opozicioneri“?
_ vis moswons, saSineli dro iyo. ubralod meti
wesrigi iyo, vidre axla. sityva opozicioneris
mniSvneloba maSin arc vicodiT _ Cven samSoblo
gviyvarda. gabedviT, namdvilad bevri gavbedeT. es
pirveli SemTxveva iyo saWoTa kavSiris istoriaSi,
roca aseTi ram apaties damnaSaveebs da patimroba
pirobiTi sasjeliT Segvicvales. bevri xalxi Cae­
ria. gansakuTrebiT ki irakli abaSiZis damsaxurebaa
Cveni gadarCena. Tumca skola eqsternad davamTavre.
jer Sinapatimroba mqonda, sanam sasamarTlo midio­
da. ganaCenis gamotanis Semdeg ki skolis ezoSi rom
dagvinaxa direqtorma, yviriliT gamogvyara: „sad
bedavT mosvlas, Tqve antisabWoTa elementeboo!?“
_ Tqven Zalian kargad ukravdiT violinoze,
universitetis orkestris wevrobis gamo garkveuli
SeRavaTebic gqondaT swavlis periodSi, ratom ar
CaabareT konservatoriaSi?
loebiT aseTi teqstiT: „qarTvelebo, gveyo monoba
da nu SevarCenT pirsisxlian komunistebs mxolod
Cvens ki ara, poloneTSi da ungreTSi daRvril Ta­
visuflebismoyvare xalxis sisxls!“ zviadma ingli­
suri ena Zalian kargad icoda, ucxour sainfor­
macio gamoSvebebs usmenda radioTi da gvawvdida
informacias, ra xdeboda Tundac poloneTSi da un­
greTSi. maSindel sabWoTa sainformacio gamoSvebaSi
„vremia“ yvelaferi tyuili iyo amindis prognozis
garda. mokled, ase iyo Tu ise, dagviWires. Turme
ukan dagvsdevdnen suk-is agentebi. vinme ufross
eZebdnen, fiqrobdnen, rom patara biWebi aseT Tamam
iniciativas ver gamoiCendnen.
_ roca Tqven moswavle iyaviT qalTa da vaJTa
skolebi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad arsebobda.
1954 wels isini SeerTda da pirveli skolidan 47-eSi
mogiwiaT gadasvla, rogor imoqmeda Tqvenze da Tqvens
megobrebze im faqtma, rom uceb erT merxze aRmoCndiT
biWebi da gogonebi?
_ me musikalurSi vswavlobdi manamde gogoebTan
erTad da Cveulebrivad miviRe es ambavi, ise biWebi
Zalian nerviulobdnen da sul meubnebodnen: „gvas­
wavle, guram, rogor moviqceTo“. mere gaTamamdnen,
erTi Cemi klaseli manamde ar aZlevda klasel gogo­
nas CanTas, sanam ar umRerebda, imasac sxva ra gza
hqonda da mReroda, sxvaTa Soris, Zalian kargad.
Cvens TaobaSi visac smena hqonda, yvela dadioda
musikalur skolaSi.
_ b-no guram, Tqvens wignSi „rac ufro maxsovs, da
metad magondeba“ bevrs saubrobT skolis periodSic
da umaRles saswavlebelSic „Savi siebis“ arsebobaze,
romlebSic sistematiurad iyo Setanili Tqveni da
Tqveni megobrebis gvarebi, ris mixedviT xvdeboda am
siaSi mozardi da rogor isjeboda is?
_ sxvaTa Soris, Cemi megobrebi _ zviad gamsax­
urdia da merab kostavac _ Zalian kargad ukravd­
nen fortepianoze, gansakuTrebiT merabi. abituri­
entobis periodSi momxdari ambebis gamo Cven aRar
vmecadineobdiT, mogexsenebaT, musikas bevri muSao­
ba sWirdeba. Sesabamisad, konservatoriaSi Cabarebis
aranairi Sansi ar gvrCeboda. gamocdebamde 3 dRiT
adre gadavwyvite istoriul fakultetze Cabareba.
_ kamos, dRevandeli d. uznaZis quCis 69 nomeri
cnobilia, rogorc adgili, sadac guram doCanaSvilma
pirveli proklamacia gaakra da ramdenime wlis
Semdeg aRmoaCina, rom proklamacia maincdamainc im
saxlze miukravs, romelSic misi momavali meuRle
cxovrobda. mogviyeviT es istoria.
_ maSin me-9 klasSi viyaviT. zviad gamsaxur­
dias iniciativa iyo dagvebeWda da gagvevrcelebina
proklamaciebi. beWdva ar vicodiT, Zlivs avkrifeT
ramdenime sityva, sul 9 plakati gavakeTeT daax­
_ Sav siaSi xvdebodnen ZiriTadad politikuri
niSniT. garda amisa, Tu anekdots moyveboda vinme
xmamaRla an iCxubebda, an zedmetad acdenda
mecadineobebs. magram vis eSinoda am Savi siis?!
29
NAEC.GE
ucnauri
stereotipebi
arsebobda.
_ Tqvens TaobaSi, vinc cudad swavlobda, maTgan WuWyiani...
Zalian bevri amas reJimis protestis niSnad akeTebda. arada adamiani rogori rTulia... me vecade am sam
samagierod, Zalian „nakiTxi“ iyo. akrZaluli lite­ moTxrobaSi Camedo is, rac adamianebs unda hqondeT
da aerTianebdeT... arc vici, rogor
raturis gasaidumloebulad kiTxvas
damibeWdes, 3-4 weli ki ido Taroze,
hqonda Tavisi xibli. SeiZleba amis
skola
eqsternad
magram sabolood mainc beWdavdnen
gamo Cvens TaobaSic ki, raRac etapamde,
xolme...
davamTavre.
jer
„xuTosnoba“ cud tonad iTvleboda...
rodis Segiy­vardaT wigni da ra wig­nebi
Sinapatimroba mqonda,
Sedioda maSindel akrZalul lite­
sanam sasamarTlo
b-n gurams bolo SekiTxva, ra Tqma
raturaSi?
unda, im problemazec davusvi,
midioda. ganaCenis
_ kiTxva Zalian gviyvarda, es
Tanamedrove bavSvebSi wignis „arsiy­
gamotanis Semdeg ki
iyo Cveni Taobis erT-erTi azarti,
varuli“ rom hqvia da gaukvirda: „ra
skolis ezoSi rom
sul kinoSi da restoranSi xom ar
vici, CemTan sul nakiTxi da ganaT­
dagvinaxa direqtorma,
ijdeboda kaci?! akrZaluli iyo
lebuli axalgazrdebi modi­ano...“ me­
yviriliT gamogvyara:
Zalian bevri wigni, magaliTad, mixeil
re Cafiqrda da gaecina: „ho, albaT
„sad bedavT mosvlas,
javaxiSvilis nawarmoebebi furcelCemTan modian aseTebio...“ mere wigni
Tqve antisabWoTa
furcel gadadi­
oda xelidan xelSi
maCuqa da mkiTxa: „ram­deni wlis xaro?“
elementeboo!?“.
da elodebodi, Sem­
degi nawili ro­
asaki da Cemi mra­
val­
Svilianobis
dis movidoda Senamde. me-6 klasidan
ambavi rom ga­
ig
­o, gaukvirda da miT­
biblioTekidan gamom­
ricxes imitom,
xra: „maSin qal­ba­tonad mogix­seniebT
rom yvela iq aRricxuli kargi wigni mqonda wakiTxuli. wignis warweraSio...“ gamexarda, mec im zemoxsenebul
Zalian azrianad SeiZleba dRes kompiuteris da axalgazrdebs rom mimaTvala, wignic gamexarda,
internetis gamoyeneba. rogor SeiZleba sulelur magram am saCuqris molodini isedac mqonda...
TamaSebze drois dakargva, umravlesobas kompiuteri ramdenjerac mis saxlSi movxvdi, yovelTvis avtoris
dRes mxolod dros akargvinebs. Tumca me mainc ver bolo gamocemiT xelSi davbrundi Sin.
warmomidgenia melnis gareSe, Seni xelidan Tu ar
wamovida naweri, xelSi Tu ar daikave wignad Sekruli
nawarmoebi... ra vici, me mainc wigns vamjobineb...
sabWoTa periodSi ise gvaswavlidnen Zvel qarTul
literaturas, TiTqos specialurad gvaZulebdnen.
Zve­li qarTuli da qristianoba ra iyo, ar vicodiT,
amitom politekonomiasaviT gaugebari iyo CvenTvis
es sagani. axla sul sxva TvaliT vkiTxulob
da gaocebuli var, ra sityvebia dakarguli, ra
unikaluri mwer­
loba gvaqvs… rogor SeiZleba mis
fonze kiTxva ar uyvardes adamians?!
_ Tqveni nawarmoebebis personaJebi Zalian kargi
adamianebi arian, maTgan bevri ramis swavla SeiZleba…
rogor daibada sami genialuri moTxroba sam Zma
keJeraZeze?
_ es raRac akviateba iyo. Tumca ver getyviT,
me namdvilad ar vicnob vasiko keJeraZis msgavs
fotografs. maqvs biografiuli nawarmoebic, magram
aq yvelaferi gamogonilia. istoriebi sxvadasxvaa,
gvarebi aqvT erTnairi da xasiaTebi _ msgavsi.
_ Tqvenc SegiZliaT griSa keJeraZesaviT sibneleSi
miatovoT sayvareli qali imisaTvis, rom mixvdes,
„adamiani adamianisTvis mgeli araa!“
_ ara, albaT ara, cota ki SeaSina, magram imisTvis,
rom mere gaexarebina. griSa fiqrobs, rom „kargia“
da cdilobs sxvebic gaakeTilSobilos. hgavs es
moTxroba netav avtobiografiuls? namdvili ambis
gadmocema xom Zalian rTulia. mweralma icis,
davuSvaT, mis mezobel aleqss rogori cxviri aqvs,
rogori Tvalebi da mixvra-moxvra, magram weris
dros aviwydeba zogjer, rom es mkiTxvelmac unda
warmoidginos. sabWoTa periodSi gvaswavlidnen,
rom kargi adamini iyo aucileblad mowesrigebuli
da jibeSi TeTri cxvirsaxoci edo, cuds ki _
30
guram doCanaCvilma Tbili da grZeli warwerebis
gakeTeba icis
_ boloSi avtografiT, magram
arasdros awers TariRs... gavkadnierdi da amis
mizezic vkiTxe... „roca TariRs wer, es niSnavs, rom
is adamiani, visac wigns Cuqni, TiTqos mxolod im
dRes naxe, roca ar awer, maSin TiTqos sul SeTan
ariso“, _ mipasuxa.
qeTi kvitatiani
avtoris fotoebi
NAEC.GE
`codna Tavisuflebis sawindaria~
abiturientebisaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvne­
lovani da sapasuxismegeblo nabiji _ saswavlo
programisa da umaRlesi saswavleblis arCevaa.
sapasuxismgebloa arCevani, romelic cxovrebaSi
gardamtexia da momavals gansazRvravs. am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT ori midgoma arsebobs: pirveli,
abiturientTa umravlesoba pirvel rigSi im fa­
kultets irCevs, sadac mas swavlis gagrZeleba surs
da arCeuli specialoba misi Sinagani mowodebaa,magram
amasTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos isic, rom survili
imisa moxvdes umaRles saswavlebelSi didia da
amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi isini Ralatoben sakuTar
principebs, irCeven iseT programebs, sadac konkursi
naklebia da studentad gaxdomis albaToba didi.
am da kidev sxva saintereso Temebze Cveni Jurnalis
stumari, saqarTveloSi erT-erTi prestiJuli
umaRlesi saswavleblis _ kavkasiis universitetis
prezidenti kaxa Sengelia gvesaubreba.
doqtori kaxa Sengelia:
kavkasiis universitetis prezidenti. istoriisa
da biznesis administrirebis profesori. sxvadasxva
dros muSaobda gazeT „rezonansSi“ redaqtoris
moadgiled da saerTaSoriso ambebis ganyofilebis
redaqtorad. hartfordis universitetSi marketin­
gisa da menejmentis departamentis asistentad.
amerikul kompania „orbitelSi“ proeqtis menejerad
da amave kompaniis kavkasiis warmomadgenlobis
direqtoris Tanamdebobaze. iyo saqarTvelos par­
lamentis wevri da Tbilisis vice-premieri.
damTavrebulebs mTvar rames vaZlevT, vaswavliT
imas, rom codna, es is safuZvelia, romlis ga­
reSec isini mTavri Rirebulebis, Tavisfulebis
gemos ver igZnoben. ganaTlebuli adamiani yovel­
Tvis warmatebulia da Tavisufalia sakuTari
momavlis gansazRvraSi. is Zlieri da Seuvalia.
arc cvlilebebis, arc dabrkolebebisa da arc
warumateblobis eSinia. kargad aqvs gaazrebuli,
rom warumatebloba mxolod erTi dabrkolebaa
warmatebisaken mimaval gzaze. rac Seexeba Cvens
universitets, kavkasiis universitetis istoria 1998
wlidan kavkasiis biznesis skolis SeqmniT iwyeba.
kavkasiis universitets miRebuli aqvs saqarTvelos
umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa akre­
ditacia. aq mudmivad ganaxlebadi maRali donis
akademiuri programebia. axali mimarTulebebis da­
nergvasTan erTad umjobesdeba Zveli prog­ramebic.
Cvens universitetSi orasamde profesi­
onali leq­
tori da profesori muSaobs. rogorc ukve aR­
vniSne, vTanamSromlobT evropis, amerikisa da aziis
universitetebTan. mokled rom Camovayalibo: swav­
lis maRali xarisxi, dasaqmebis maRali maCvene­beli,
gacvliTi programebi, SeRavaTebi gadasaxadSi...
2008 wlidan kaxa Sengelia kavkasiis universitetis
prezidentia.
_ batono kaxa, ra aris kavkasiis universitetis
mTavari misia, anu me rom abiturienti viyo _ ratom
unda Cavabaro kavkasiis universitetSi?
_ pirvel rigSi minda aRvniSno, rom Cveni
saswavleblis devizia: ”Studium Pretium Libertatis”
- `codna Tavisuflebis sawindaria~ anu Cven kurs­
31
NAEC.GE
abiturientebisaTvis yovelTvis axali da sainte­
reso SeTavazebebi gvaqvs. magaliTad, 2013 wels
Cveni universitetis mTavari gzavnili iyo „moxvdi
40 saukeTeso pirvelkursels Soris da miiRe 100%iani dafinanseba kavkasiis universitetisagan~.
SeRavaTia aseve imaTTvisac, vinc ukve swavlobs
CvenTan. abiturientebs vpirdebiT, rom CvenTan
umaRlesi xarisxis ganaTlebas miiReben, Tanac win
saukeTeso studenturi wlebi elodebaT.
_ zogadad raze unda gaakeTos abiturientma mTvari
aqcenti umaRlesi saswavleblis arCevis dros?
_ arCevanis gakeTebis dros aucileblad unda
mieqces yuradReba imas, Tu ras gTvazobs umaRlesi
saswavlebli: ra saxeli aqvs mas, riT SeiZleba man
Tqven mogxibloT, miaqcieT yuradReba swavlis
xarisxs, dasaqmebis perspeqtivas, imijs. aseve
mniSvnelovania, vin da rogor aswavlis iq.
_ Tu gavakeTebT analizs, rogoria Tanafardoba
erovnul gamocdebze miRebul niSnebsa da realurad
im codnas Soris, romelsac studentebi avlenen
SemdgomSi, swavlis procesSi?
_ gamocdebi erTgvari sarkea, saidanac realurad
Cans, rogori bavSvi modis SenTan, rogoria skolaSi
miRebuli ganaTlebis done, misi momzadebis xarisxi,
misi unari. erTi ucnauri ram xdeba, yovel wels
gansxvavebuli donis bavSvebi modian. jer ver gavigeT,
ra gansazRvravs nakadis siZlieres. amoucnobia,
ratom unda iyos es ase. erTi ram cxadia, axalma
Taobam ukeT icis inglisuri, maTematika, teqnikis
moxmareba, magram uWirT garkveuli disciplinisa
da wesebis dacva. ar aqvT Sromis Cveva. isic minda
xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom Cven mkacrad vicavT
xarisxs. kavkasiis universitetSi SesaZloa moxvedra
advilia, magram swavlis dawyeba da miTumetes
gagrZeleba aris rTuli. sakmaod bevri ver uZlebs
da midis. magram vinc agrZlebs, is gamorCeulad
warmatebulia. sakmaod mkacri moTxovnebi gvaqvs
rvave skolaSi. Cveni abiturientebi saswavlo kurss
sxva qveynebis prestiJul saswavleblebSi gadian da
iqac uZliers studentebad iTvlebian. amJamad Cveni
studentebi swavlas 84 qveyanaSi agrZeleben. xSirad
viRebT madlobis werilebs, riTic Zalian vamayobT.
vTvli, rom es ar aris mxolod Cveni universitetis
warmateba, es qveynis waratebisa da winsvlis
garantiacaa.
_ Tqven aRniSneT, rom rTulia TqvenTan swavla.
rogoria adaptaciis procesi da yvelaze metad romeli
siZneleebis gadalaxva uWirT pirvelkurselebs?
_ pirvel rigSi aucileblad unda aRvniSno, rom
Cven pirvelkurselbs gansakuTrebul daxvedras
vuwyobT, `wellcom party“ ase viwyebT erTmaneTis
gacnobas da erTmaneTTan Sewyobas. grandiozuli
torti „feirverki“ dauviwyari dRe... Cveni survilia
stresi da daZabuloba movxsnaT. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom am grandiozuli daxvedris Semdeg maTTvis mZime,
rutinuli, yoveldRiuri Sroma iwyeba. sirTulis
mxriv gansakuTrebiT pirvel wels gamovyofdi _
erTi weli adaptaciisaTvis da imis gasagebad,
konkretulad ras viTxovT maTgan. minda davamSvido
pirvelkurselebi, ar SegeSindeT, win rTuli, magram
saintereso weli gelodebaT. am wels ara mxolod
studentobas igrZnobT, sakuTar TavSic axal, Zlier
Tvisebebs aRmoaCenT.
_ batono kaxa, ras urCevT abiturientebs, arCeuli
specialobisaTvis bolomde brZolas, Tu ioli gzis
arCevasa da kompromisebze wasvlas?
_ rodesac irCev Sens profesiasa da Sens
momavals, albaT bolomde unda ibrZlo imisaTvis,
rom akeTo is, rac ginda. me piradad ase moviqeci.
roca gansazRvruli gaqvs Seni gza, zustad ici
ra ginda, naklebad unda usmino sxvis rCevas da
saboloo gadawyvetilebisaTvis ibrZlo. es aris Seni
cxovreba da ara Seni bebiis, babuis, mezoblis _
Sen Tavad unda gaiaro Seni gza. me piradad amisTvis
yvelaferi gavakeTe. ori weli abiturienti viyavi.
warmoSobiT samtredieli var da pirvelad TbilisSi
samtrediidan umaRlesSi Casabareblad Camovedi. sam
gamocdaSi umaRles Sefasebas rom viRebdi, meoTxeSi
dabal niSans miwerdnen. ratom? imitom, rom maSin
TamaSis sxva wesebi iyo. magram mainc SevZeli umaRles
saswavlebelSic movxvedriliyavi da sakuTari ad­
gilic mepova. `arCevanis Tavisufleba~ _ yvelaze
mTvari miRweva da SegrZnebaa adamianis cxovrebSi.
Cemi Svili wels abarebs, ra Tqma unda, rogorc
mamas, rogorc kavkasiis universitetis prezidents
minda, rom man Cveni saswavlebeli airCios, magram mis
arCevanSi ar Caverevi. erTia rCeva, meore sakuTari
azris Tavze moxveva. es aris zogadad qarTveli
mSoblis problema, TiTqos zustad ici, ra sWirdeba
Sens Svils, magram acale icxovros, man Tavad unda
ipovos Tavisi momavali.
esaubra Teiko anjafariZe
32
NAEC.GE
interviu ganaTlebis eqspertTan
svaminaTan hariharanTan
svaminaTan hariharani: „arsebuli tendenciis
Tanaxmad, kompiuteruli testireba ufro da
ufro popularuli xdeba da gamoiyeneba bevr
sxvadasxva sferoSi. misaRebi gamocdebisa da sxva
sauniversiteto testirebebisas“.
2013 wlidan gamosaSvebi gamocdebi or eta­
pad Catardeba. oqtombris pirvel naxevarSi me­
Tormeteklaselebi gamocdebs 4 saganSi Caaba­
re­
ben (fizika, qimia, biologia, geografia). im
moswavleebs, romlebic oqtomberSi ver gadalaxaven
zRvars romelime gamocdaSi (an ver gamocxaddebian
gamocdaze), SesaZlebloba eqnebaT Sesabamisi sagani
wlis bolos Caabaron danarCen 4 gamocdasTan (qar­
Tuli ena da literatura, ucxouri ena, maTematika,
istoria) erTad. cvlilebis Tanaxmad, 2013-2014
saswavlo wlidan ki gamosaSvebi gamocdebi me-11 da
me-12 klasebSi Catardeba. me-11 klasis moswavleebi
saswavlo wlis bolos im sagnebs Caabareben,
romelTa swavlac daasrules. rogorc „Sefasebisa
da gamocdebis erovnul centrSi“ acxadeben, axa­li
sqema damamTavrebeli klasisi moswavleebisaTvis
bevrad ufro mosaxerxebeli iqneba. Computer Adaptive Testing anu moswavlis SesaZleblobebze morge­
buli testi saqrTveloSi pirvelad 2011 wels
Catarda. CAT-is tipis sagamocdo programis Se­
qmnisas „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli cen­
tris“ TanamSromlebs konsultacias ganaTlebis
msoflioSi aRiarebuli eqsperti, koneqtikutis
(aSS) universitetis profesori da amave univer­
sitetis saganmanaTleblo fsiqologiis departa­
mentis xelmZRvaneli svaminaTan hariharani uwevda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom swored svaminaTan hariharania
avtori im Teoriisa, romelic safuZvlad daedo
CAT-is tipis sagamocdo sistemas. sistemis avtori
saqarTveloSi „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnu­
li centris“ mowveviT ramdenjerme imyofeboda.
gTavazobT intervius kompiuteruli testirebis
sistemis erT-erT fuZemdebelTan.
_ raSi mdgomareobs CAT-is, igive kompiute­ru­
li testirebis upiratesoba?
_ ZiriTad upiratesobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos
is, rom kompiuteruli testireba orjer amcirebs
testis administrirebis dros. es xdeba imis xar­
jze, rom gamosacdels mxolod im kiTxvebze uwevs
pasuxebis gacema, romlebic mis SesaZleblobas Seef­
ereba, es ki, Tavis mxriv, gvaZlevs saSualebas, Za­
lian swrafad davadginoT aplikantis codnis done
da unarebi. garda amisa, moswavle testirebis das­
rulebisTanave igebs Sedegs. unda giTxraT, rom 35
welia, rac am tipis testirebaze kvlevebi tardeba
da misi upiratesoba testirebis sxva tipebTan Se­
darebiT TandaTan ufro aSkara xdeba.
_ gaaCnia Tu ara Taviseburebebi kompiuteruli
testirebis qarTul models?
_ qarTuli modeli morgebuli iqneba im
sinamdvileze, romelic saqarTveloSia da, cxadia,
mas gansxavebebi aqvs, Tumca aqve isic unda aRiniS­
nos, rom kompiuteruli testirebis qarTuli mod­
elic im ZiriTad princips emyareba, romelsac yve­
la sxva msgavsi modeli. „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis
erovnuli centris“ aqtiuri muSaobis Sedegad mivi­
ReT is, rom yvela komponenti msoflioSi arsebul
maRal standarts Seesabameba _ saubaria testur
algoriTmze da sxvadasxva komponentze. yvelaze
mniSvnelovania ar SewyvitoT winaswari testire­
bebis Catareba, raTa „davalebaTa banki“ mudmivad
axldebodes da ivsebodes. minda SegaxsenoT, rom es
procesi dausrulebelia, radgan, rac ufro meti da
mravalferovani davalebaa bankSi, miT ufro efeq­
tiania testi da naklebia erTi da igive davalebis
gamoyenebis albaTobaca da saWiroebac.
_ Tqven koneqtikutis universitetis profe­
sori da ganaTlebis fsiqologiis departamentis
xelmZRvaneli brZandebiT, SegiZliaT gviTxraT, ram­
denad gavrcelebulia kompiuteruli testirebis
modeli amerikaSi?
_ arsebuli tendenciis Tanaxmad, kompiuter­
uli testireba ufro da ufro popularuli xdeba
da gamoiyeneba bevr sxvadasxva sferoSi. misaRebi ga­
mocdebisa da sxva sauniversiteto testirebebisas,
ZiriTadad, kompiuterul testirebas eniWeba upi­
ratesoba. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom skolebSi jer
am tipis testirebis damkvidreba rTulad xdeba da
am kuTxiT saqarTvelo namdvilad lideria.
esaubra maia gabunia
33
NAEC.GE
`გამოცდების ეროვნული ცენტრი~ 2013 წლიდან გთავაზობთ
საერთაშორისო სასერტიფიკაციო გამოცდებს:
ØTOEFL iBT-ის გამოცდა საუკეთესო საშუალებაა ინგლისურენოვან ქვეყნებში
სწავლის გასაგრძელებლად.
ტესტი ამოწმებს, თუ რამდენად კარგად ფლობს აპლიკანტი ინგლისურ ენას
საიმისოდ, რომ მან შეძლოს სწავლის გაგრძელება მსოფლიოს სხვადასხვა
ქვეყნის უნივერსიტეტებში. ტესტი ამოწმებს ინგლისურ ენაზე კითხვის, წერის,
მოსმენისა და საუბრის უნარს.
ØTOEIC მსოფლიოში წამყვანი ტესტია ინგლისური ენის ცოდნის შესამოწმებ­
ლად დასაქმების სფეროში. იგი ამოწმებს ინგლისური ენის ცოდნას A1-C1
დონეებზე. მას ყოველწლიურად 5 მილიონამდე აპლიკანტი აბარებს და ათასობით
ორგანიზაცია ენდობა მის შედეგებს. TOEIC BRIDGE ტესტი შექმნილია ინგლისური
ენის ცოდნის დონის შესამოწმებლად მათთვის, ვისთვისაც მშობლიური ენა არ
არის ინგლისური.
ØTFI ტესტი შექმნილია ფრანგული ენის ცოდნის დონის შესამოწმებლად
მათთვის, ვისთვისაც მშობლიური ენა არ არის ფრანგული. იგი ამოწმებს ფრანგული
ენის ცოდნას A1-C1 დონეებზე. იგი გამოიყენება აკადემიური, დასაქმებისა და
კარიერული წინსვლის მიზნებით. აგრეთვე კარგი საშუალებაა მსურველთათვის
ფრანგული ენის ცოდნის დონის შესამოწმებლად.
34
NAEC.GE
„mxolod is kulturaa faseuli,
romelic sxva eris cnobierebaSi
SeaRwevs da iq daikavebs adgils“
21-e saukunis dasawyisSi, roca xeliT weris kul­
tura TiTqmis aRar arsebobs, xelnawerTa erovnul­
ma centrma gadawyvita konkursis wesiT aRmoeCina
saukeTeso kaligrafiis mqone adamianebi da erT
dros yvelaze pativsacemi profesia da SesaSuri
niWi isev waexalisebina sxvadasxva jildoTi. ka­
ligrafistTa konkurss centri yovelwliurad mar­
Tavs. masSi monawileobis miReba yvela asakobrivi
kategoriis adamians SeuZlia.
buba kudava
xelnawerTa erovnuli centris direqtori
wigni ar iyo mxolod informaciis gadacemis sa­
Sualeba, is warmoadgenda xelovnebis nimuSs. gan­
sxvavebiT Tanamedrove wignisagan garegnul mxares
didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda, vinaidan es iyo eli­
turi xelovneba sazogadoebis mcire nawilisaTvis
da mzaddeboda xeliT.
Zvelma xelnawerma kulturam Sva kaligrafis
profesia. iqmneboda kaligrafiuli skolebi da
iyvnen adamianebi, romlebic mTeli cxovreba am Sro­
matevad saqmes emsaxurebodnen.
beWduri teqnologiebis Semosvlam da politi­
kuri situaciis arastabilurobam (sabWoTa perio­
di) kaligrafia, rogorc dargi, gaaqro. is Taname­
drove sazogadoebam miiviwya. Tundac imis gamo, rom
xelnawerTa erovnuli centri flobs mdidar xel­
nawer memkvidreobas, araerT kaligrafiul nimuSs,
aucileblad unda gvezruna am dargis aRorZine­
baze. bevrs vfiqrobdiT, rogor dagvewyo da ga­
davwyviteT Cagvetarebina konkursi da gamogvevlina
is sazogadoeba, romlisaTvisac es dargi aris mniS­
vnelovani, gamogvevlina adamianebi, romlebsac aqvT
kargi kaligrafiuli xeli.
konkursi pirvelad Catarda 2010 wels da konkur­
santTa ricxvma yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba,
maTi ricxvi 10 000-s aRemateboda. konkursis for­
mati aseTia: I turi: konkursantebi agzavnidnen mx­
edrulad daweril teqsts da komisia arCevs sauke­
Tesoebs. sainteresoa Tu rogor SeirCa namuSevrebi
_ SeiZleba lamazad gamoiyurebodes naweri, magram
es sakmarisi araa. naweridan unda Candes qarTuli
anbanis Sinagani buneba. mniSvnelovani iyo konkur­
santebi ramdenad gamodiodnen grafikuli bunebi­
dan, rodesac qmnidnen axal formebs.
II turSi konkursantebs eZleodaT davalebebi
_ ori tipis Tavisufali samuSao: xelnaweri gver­
dis gaformeba da Zveli xelnaweris zusti aslis
Seqmna. esec erTgvari unaria, romelic yvelas ar
aqvs.
III turSi davalebebi rTuldeboda _ konkursan­
tebs unda gamoeyvanaT sazedao aso, dekoratiulad
gaeformebinaT gverdi. mniSvneloba hqonda ramde­
nad sworad iyo organizebuli teqsti.
daviT maisuraZe
35
NAEC.GE
dainteresebuli pirebi, romlebsac surT hqondeT
xeliT gadawerili iSviaTi nimuSebi. xeliT naweri
wigni im upiratesobiT sargeblobs, rom is erTad­
erTia da ara tiraJirebuli.
samomavlod gvsurs xelnawerTa erovnul centr­
Si Seiqmnas kaligrafiis skola-saxelosno, sadac ax­
algazrdebi iswavlian am xelobas (kecva, kinZva, ga­
formeba, ydis Semosva, kamlebisa da masalis SerCeva,
asos moxazuloba, daxra da a. S.), aseve saxelosnos
SeeZleba awarmoos produqcia. rac mTavaria, popu­
larizacia gauwios tradiciul dargs.
daTo maisuraZe
kaligrafTa konkursis gamarjvebuli
daTo maisuraZes xelnawerTa erovnul centr­
Si SevxvdiT, man kaligrafebis konkursSi orjerve
gaimarjva _ pirvelad, rogorc moswavlem da Semdeg
ukve, rogorc studentma. daviTi konkursis Sesaxeb
gvesaubra:
leila baRbaia
aRniSnuli turebis Semdeg gamovlinda gamarjve­
buli ramdenime nominaciaSi: saukeTeso dekoracia,
saukeTeso sazedao aso, saukeTeso asli. jamSi gvy­
avda aTobiT gamarjvebuli. mxardamWerebi avlend­
nen favoritebsac.
gamarjvebuli _ daTo maisuraZe Jiuris wevrebi­
saTvis aRmoCena iyo, misi kaligrafia Zalian hgavda
me-18 saukunis mdivan-mwignobrul xelweras. masSi
namdvilad igrZnoboda qarTuli suli. swored es
iyo Jiuris aRfrTovanebis mizezi.
me mgonia, rom konkursebis Semdeg SeiniSneba,
TiTqos xeliT weris kultura TandaTan popularu­
li xdeba. miuxedavad beWduri teqnologiebis sim­
ravlisa, kaligrafias mainc Tavisi niSa aqvs. erT­
gvarad mas sasuveniro daniSnulebac aqvs. arseboben
sergi lafaCi
36
daviT maisuraZe
kaligrafiiT bavSvobidanve viyavi dainterese­
buli, asomTavruli damwerloba manamde viswavle,
sanam skolaSi Sevidodi. am gatacebis Sesaxeb Cemma
klaselebmac icodnen, msgavsi konkursi Tu tarde­
boda, me ar vicodi, nawerebis Cabarebis bolo dRe
iyo, roca Cemma klaselma miTxra, rom kaligrafiaSi
konkursi tardeboda. me saswrafod davwere teqsti
da mivitane xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi.
Semdegi turebi centrSi Catarda. meore turi _
aslis gakeTeba da teqstis gadawera iyo, mogvces
specialurad Sedgenili teqsti, romelic zustad
unda gadagvewera. teqstis gadaweris dros sruli
Tavisufleba gvqonda da aranairi SezRudva ar iyo,
namdvilad ar megona, rom Semdeg turSi gadavidodi,
radgan ar vicnobdi sxva bavSvebis nawerebs Cemi rom
Semedarebina da isic ki ar vicodi, sworad vwerdi
Tu ara. rodesac gavige, rom am turSi gavedi, cxa­
dia, Zalian gamexarda.
am turSi xelnawerTa erovnuli centris direq­
torTan baton bubasTan momiwia axlos dajdoma, man
bevri Zalian saintereso rCeva momca. Cven Soris
gamarTuli saubris Semdeg mivxvdi, rom b-n bubas
„movewone“.
NAEC.GE
zaur axvlediani
bolo turi kidev ufro garTulda da sazedao
asoebis gaformeba daemata, romelSic aseve calke
nominacia iyo gamocxadebuli maTTvis, vinc sauke­
Teso sazedao asoebs gaakeTebda.
bolo turSi gadasvlis Semdeg ukve vfiqrob­
di, rom SeiZleboda raime nominaciaSi gamemarjva,
magaliTad, istoriul kaligrafiaSi saukeTeso
naSromisaTvis, radgan me TviTon istoriuli ka­
ligrafiis mimdevari var, magram bolomde ar mje­
roda, rom SeiZleba pirveli adgili ameRo da sab­
olood dajildovebis dRes gancvifrebuli davrCi,
roca gamoacxades Cemi saxeli da gvari pirvel adg­
ilze.
konkursis Semdeg Cems cxovrebaSi bevri cvli­
leba moxda. kaligrafia CemTvis Tavidan mxolod
hobi iyo, amis Semdeg ki movuxSire kaligrafiuli
naSromebis damzadebas, bolos ki es saqme Cems Ziri­
Tad saqmianobad da profesiad iqca. rusTavSi xe­
lovnebis erT-erT skolaSi mimiwvies kaligrafiis
maswavleblad, sadac dRemde vmuSaob da bavSvebs
vaswavli kaligrafiasa da paleografias (mecniereba
damwerlobis Sesaxeb).
bolos daTo konkursis mniSvnelobaze gvesaubra:
kaligrafebis konkursi umniSvnelovanesia axal­
gazrdebisaTvis. iseT tradiciul qveyanaSi, rogor­
ic saqarTveloa, mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi es
kultura umniSvnelovanesi iyo, Semdeg garkveulma
politikurma procesebma da beWduri wignis Se­
moRebis kulturam xelnawerTa praqtikuli daniS­
nuleba gaaqro.
dRes kaligrafia mxolod xelovnebis saxiT
SemogvrCa, verc warmomidgenia dRevandel pi­
ro­
bebSi beWdur wigns konkurencia gauwios xel­
nawerma, magram SeiZleba dadges xelovnebis iseTi
dargebis gverdiT, rogorebicaa: mxatvroba, go­
beleni da a. S. piradad CemTvis kaligrafia ufro
xelovnebis nimuSia, vidre praqtikuli xeloba. es
konkursi ki axalgazrdebs kaligrafias daanaxvebs,
anahit badiSiani
37
NAEC.GE
goga WabaSvili
rogorc ganaxlebul xelovnebas da interessac
gauRvivebs am saqmianobisadmi. am konkursis Semdeg
bevri daniteresebuli axalgazrda gamoCnda, rom­
lebisTvisac es xeloba sainteresoa, bevri am
xelobiT cxovrobs kidec.
dRes kompiuteris epoqaSi xeliT weris kultura
TiTqmis miviwyebulia, yvelas urCevnia swrafad
da martivad klaviaturaze akrifos teqsti, ris
Sedegadac sakmaod uxeS Secdomebsac ki uSveben,
inglisur transkrifcias qarTulad akeTeben,
aseve Zalian cudia da saubedurod xSiri movlenaa,
roca qarTveli internet momxmareblis umetesoba
fiqria Wabukiani
38
laTinuri asoebiT wers qarTul teqsts, aseve
mobilur telefonebsac ar aqvT is sistema, rom
qarTulad akrifo teqsti, aqedan gamomdinare, Cemi
azriT, aris imis safrTxe, rom qarTuli anbani da
xeliT wera saerTod daaviwydes momaval Taobas.
amdenad, kaligrafiasa da xeliT weris kulturas
Zalian didi xelSewyoba sWirdeba, raTa qarTulma
anbanma ar dakargos funqcia da momavalSic iarsebos
im saxiT, ra saxiTac dRes gvaqvs.
am yvelafris Tavidan acilebis mizniT ki, Cemi
azriT, pirvel rigSi skolebSi unda iswavlebodes
kaligrafia. darwmunebuli var yvela bavSvs eqneba
imis interesi, rom lamazad weros, es ki bevrad ufro
martivia, vidre lamazad xatva, radgan me TviTon
kaligrafiis maswavlebeli var da vxedav, rom es
imidenad niWze ar aris damokidebuli, ramdenadac
mondomebaze. Tu ki bavSvs surs, ufro martivia
lamazad weros, vidre lamazad xatos, Sesabamisad,
es xelovneba adreul asakSive unda iswavlebodes.
imisaTvis, rom ganviTardes kaligrafiuli xe­
lovneba, saWiroa Catardes sxvadasxva festivali,
konkursi, gaizardos dakveTebi xelnawer wignze, aq
ki gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eklesiebs eniWebaT,
radgan swored eklesiaSi sWirdebaT ZiriTadad xel­
naweri wignebi.
TamTa ZnelaZe
Tamar papiZe
NAEC.GE
mrgvali magida
erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi 2013!
ipove Seni momavali!
erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi dasrulebulia!
rogor Caira gamocdebma, rogor afaseben TviTon
monawileebi am process, ris gaTvaliswinebas urCeven
isini „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnul centrs“
_ adreuli Semodgoma, Ria diskusia Ria cis qveS da
dialogi, romelic aucilebelia.
monawileebi: maia miminoSvili _ „Sefasebisa da
gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ direqtori;
nini kepulaZe _ magistranti;
mariam kepulaZe _ magistranti;
mariam gurgeniZe _ pirveli kursis studenti;
manana miqiaSvili _ sertificirebuli pedagogi;
Teiko anjafariZe _ moderatori.
Teiko anajfariZe (moderatori): upirveles yov­
lisa didi madloba mobrZanebisaTvis da gilocavT
gamocdebis warmatebiT dasrulebas. qalbatono
manana (pedagogi) pirvel rigSi Tqven minda mogmar­
ToT, rogor Caiara sagamocdo procesma da Tqveni
azriT, moiTxovs Tu ara sertificirebis procesi
momavalSi daxvewas?
manana miqiaSvili (sertificirebuli pedagogi):
geografiis maswavlebeli var, staJSi sakmaod di­­di
wyveta mqonda, amitomac gamocdebamde cota vRe­la­
vdi. miuxedavad ami­sa,
skolaSi dabrun­e­bi­
dan ori wlis Semdeg
gadav­w­y­vite ga­moc­da­
ze gavsuliyavi. pi­r­­
velive ga­svla wa­r­­ma­
tebuli
aRmo­C­­n­da.
ma­r­Tali gi­­T­­­x­raT, ar
iyo rTu­­­li. mqonda
motivacia da velo­
debi 1000 la­­rian da­
namats. momavalSi va­
pirebdi
inglisuri
eni­sa da kompiuteris
gamoc­daze gas­vlas.
qalbatono maia, ro­
dis da ra formiT
Catardeba es gamoc­
da?
39
NAEC.GE
maia miminoSvili: diax, geTanxmebiT zogadad,
sasertifikacio gamocdis formatsa da Sinaarsze
muSaoba mimdinareobs. inglisurisa da kompiuteris
gamocdis Cabareba SeCerda imitom, rom absolutur­
ad ar eTanxmeba im realobas, romelic arsebobs. ra­
tom unda mogTxovoT, magaliTad Tqven, geografi­
is maswavlebels inglisuris srulyofili codna,
rodesac saWiro informaciis moZieba sxva enazec
SegiZliaT. praqtikulad, am gadawyvetilebiT arCev­
ans vuzRudavT pedagogebs. xSirad gamimeorebia da
axlac vambob, sertificirebis procesi daxvewasa da
damatebiTi komponentis Semotanas saWiroebs. „Se­
fasebisa da gamocdebis erovnulma centrma“ miiRo
granti msoflio bankisagan. pegdagogebis serti­
ficirebis process praqtikuli nawilic daemateba.
es procesi kompleqsuri unda iyos. maswavlebels,
romelsac, vTqvaT, erTi qula daaklada, unda miec­
es imis SesaZlebloba, rom es Sefaseba praqtikuli
nawiliT daabalansos.
Teiko anjafariZe: rac Seexeba saerTo samagis­
tro gamocdas, miTumetes, rom 2013 wels pirvelad
40
magistrantobis msurvelebma erTi da igive sagamoc­
do testi aRar Caabares, maTTvis mimarTulebebis
mixedviT SemuSavda sxvadasxva tipis testuri dava­
lebebi. nini, mariam, ras ityviT, rogori iyo testis
sirTule?
nini kepulaZe: Cven tyupebi varT, javaxiSvilSi
iuridiulze vswavlobdiT da amave mimarTulebiT
gvinda swavlis gagrZeleba. testi ar iyo advili,
iyo rTuli da martivi nawilebic. magaliTad, anali­
tikuri wera Zalian martivi iyo.
mariam kepulaZe: advili iyo maTematikac, ub­
ra­
lod dro iyo cota. mocemuli dro ar aris sakmari­
NAEC.GE
si teqstis gasaazreblad. Cvens kategoriaSi lo­gika
iyo garTulebuli.
maia miminoSvili: rogor fiqrobT, adekvaturi
mocxadebis Semdegac SegeZlo, gagimartiva Tu ga­
girTula saboloo arCevanis gakeTeba?
mariam gurgeniZe: iciT ra, Tavidan, ekonomiurze
mindoda, maTematikac ki Cavabare, magram sabolod
Sevcvale Cemi gadawyvetileba. SeiZleba imitom, rom
Zalian miyvars wera da wignebis kiTxva...
iyo testis aseTi formatis SemoReba saerTi samag­
istro gamocdisaTvis?
mariam kepulaZe: diax, namdvilad.
Teiko anjafariZe: mariam, Sen romel saganmanTle­
blo programaze Cairicxe?
mariam gurgeniZe: filologiurze, saxelmwifo
universitetSi. miviRe asprocentiani dafinanseba.
Teiko anjafariZe: iman, rom programebis Tan­
mimdevrobisa da raodenobis Secvla Sedegebis ga­
41
NAEC.GE
maia miminoSvili: ra kargia!
mariam gurgeniZe: yvelaze naklebad vinerviule
qarTulze, principSi yvela sagani advili iyo,
Zalian advili iyo ucxouri enac. me germanuli
Cvabare, germaniaSi vswavlobdi, ena kargad vi­
ci, magram iyo zustad is sakiTxebi, romlebic
skolaSi gaviareT. unarebze cota vinerviule,
fanjarasTan movxvdi, qari uberavda da furclebs
afrialebda...
avtori: Teiko anjafariZe
giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi
42
NAEC.GE
nomris konkursSi gamarjvebuli statia
konkursSi _ saganmanaTleblo Temaze Seqmnili saukeTeso statia _ `gamocdebis erovnulma
centrma~ wels ori gamarjvebuli namuSevari gamoavlina. q-ni manana kartozias werili „isev ilias
unda vendoT“ Jurnalis pirvel nomerSi daibeWda, meore nomerSi ki gTavazobT Tsu-s me-3 kursis
studentis mamuka safariZis mier Caweril intervius.
`me vgrZnob, rom studenti var~Tsu-s studenti bratislavaSi
nino sayvareliZe socialur da politikur mec­
nierebaTa fakultetis me-3 kursis studentia. is
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis mimarTulebaze swav­
lobs. amJamad nino bakalavriatis me-5 semestrs
evropaSi, bratislavas komeniusis universitetSi
atarebs. igi Tsu-s gacvliTi programis monawilea.
slovakeTSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad man warmatebiT
gaiara SesarCevi turebi da moxvda im studentTa So­
ris, romelTac saSualeba eZlevaT erTi semestris
manZilze evropis sxvadasxva universiteteSi iswav­
lon. ninosTan interviu internetiT Caiwera, Tumca
evropul univeristetSi swavliT gamowveuli misi
emo­ciebi da sixaruli, `skaipSic~ ki igrZnoboda.
_ romel mimarTulebaze agrZeleb swavlas?
_ Cems fakultets socialur da ekonomikur mec­
nierebaTa fakulteti hqvia. ZiriTad mimarTulebad
me evropaTmcodneoba avirCie. gavdivar sagnebs,
romlebic evrokavSiris moduls exeba. Tumca maqvs
iseTi kursebic, romlebic saerTaSoriso politi­
kis nawilia, magaliTad, saerTaSoriso usafrTxoeba,
`TamaSis Teoria~ da sxva.
_ rogor mogwons bratislavas universiteti?
_ universiteti Zalian momwons. yvela fakultets
Tavisi korpusi aqvs, daaxloebiT ise, rogorc Cven­
Tan. Tumca erTi gansxvavebaa. korpusebi erTmaneTi­
sagan sakmao manZilzea. ai, Cemi fakultetis Senoba
qalaqis gareubanSia. saerTo sacxovreblidan uni­
versitetamde misvlas 45 wuTi sWirdeba. Tumca es
problema araa, miTumetes, rom avtobusiT mgzav­
roba aq students Zviri ar ujdeba. me kargi cxrili
maqvs, kviraSi 4 dRes visveneb. rac mTavaria, aq sas­
wavlo bazebis problema aravis eqmneba da arCevanis
Tavisufleba gaqvs. rac yvelaze kargia, ar maqvs
leqciebs Soris Sualedebi, rac vici, Zalian mom­
enatreba.
_ rogoria swavlebis struqtura? ra msgavsebagan­sxva­vebas xedav Tsu-sa da komeniusis universitets
Soris?
_ me am semestrSi sul 7 kursi aviRe. rogorc
Tsu-Si, ise aqac, arCevanis Tavisuflebaa. leq­
ciasemi­
naris struqtura gansxvavebulia. TiToeul
43
NAEC.GE
saganSi leqcia-seminari erTad tardeba, xolo le­
qciebi yovelTvis interaqtiulia. kursis Sefasebis
didi wili, 60 procenti, studentis kvleviT naS­
roms eTmoba. es Zalian kargia: sakiTxis kvlevisas
ecnobi uamrav literaturas, gadixar konsultacias
bevr adamianTan, romelTac am sakiTxis Sesaxeb sak­
mao codna aqvT da, rac mTavaria, Sen TviTon qmni
raRac axals, Sens sakuTars. Sen swavlob, Tu rogor
Seqmna axali ukve arsebuli resursis daxmarebiT.
_ rogoria Seni erTi Cveulebrivi saseminaro dRe?
_ seminars yovelTvis sagnis xelmZRvanelis
asistenti atarebs. minda aRvniSno, rom leqciebs
araCveulebrivi leqtorebi mikiTxaven. erT-erTi
maTgani stenfordis universitetis leqtoria.
seminarze SezRuduli aravinaa, piriqiT, aq aqti­
uroba mogeTxoveba, Sen unda afiqsirebde sakuTar
azrs. aravin gagaCerebs an getyvis, rom rasac am­
bob, es absurdia. yvelas aqvs saSualeba, sadis­
kusio sakiTxis Sesaxeb sakuTari azri gamoxatos.
rac mTavaria, studentebi erTmaneTs diskusiisas
xels ar uSlian. ician, Tu rogor scen pativi sx­
vaTa azrs. nebismieri leqtori leqciis axsnisas
arasdros gvaxvevs Tavs sakuTar Sexedeulebebs da
yoveleTvis gveubneba, “you can challenge this idea”, anu
Sen SegiZlia Seitano eWvi argumentebSi, ifiqro
gansxvavebulad da a.S. seminarze xar valdebuli
iyo aqtiuri, garda amisa, yovelTvis, roca sakiT­
xav masalas gvigzavnian, leqtors aucileblad
unda gadavugzavnoT kiTxvebi, romlebic dagvebada
44
masalis gacnobisas. amas active reading-is formati
hqvia. sabolood, saseminaro aqtiurobaSi maqsimum
20 qula gvergeba.
_ nino, ra moculobis masalis momzadeba gixdebaT
erT saseminaro kviraSi?
_ Tsu-Si maxsovs vwuwunebdiT, rom 20-gverdian
masalebs gvaZlevdnen xolme kviris manZilze. aq ki,
gagikvirdeba, magram momdevno kvirisaTvis, TiTo
saganSi, minimum 100 gverdamde masala mainc unda
daamuSavo. Tumca, minda giTxra, rom es damRleli
ar aris. sami saaTis xangrZlivobis leqciebic ki
(CvenTan erTi saaTiT naklebia), arasdros Rlis
studentebs. es ar aris mxolod leqtoris monolo­
gis saaTebi, aq yvelaferi interaqtiulia.
_ ra saxis resursebi gaqvT universitetSi infor­
maciis moZiebis TvalsazrisiT?
_ aris biblioTeka, romliTac jer ar misarge­
blia. Cven yvela saWiro masalas leqtorebi gvigza­
vnian. gvaqvs kompiuteruli oTaxi, sadac Tavisuf­
ali adgili yovelTvisaa. garda teqnikuri mxarisa,
TiToeul leqtors Tavisi sakonsultacio saaTebi
aqvs, roca SegviZlia vkiTxoT saWiro literaturis
Sesaxeb da a. S. universiteti Zalian komfortu­
lia, pirvelive, rac TvalSi momxvda, esaa deref­
nebSi dadgmuli taxtebi. CvenTan derefanSi skamsac
ki rTulad Tu naxav. studentebi, marTlac rom,
komfortSi arian. sasurvelia, Tsu-Sic yvelaferi
aseve iyos.
NAEC.GE
_ garda msgavsi komfortisa, rac geTanxmebi, rom
sasurvelia, ras isurvebdi komeniusis msgavsad TsuSic gexila?
_ es, pirvel yovlisa, leqtorebs exeba. minda
Tsu-Sic iseTi leqciebi iyos, rogoric aqaa. leqcia
ar unda gulisxmobdes mxolod leqtoris moxsene­
bas ori saaTis manZilze. meorec, me ganvasxvaveb le­
qtorebs, romelTac aqvT prezentaciis unari, anu
mogawodon masala ise, rom gaigo, ris Sesaxeb ge­
saubreba da leqtorebi, romlebic araCveulebrive­
bi iqnebodnen samecniero saqmianobaSi, Tumca ara
saleqcio formatSi. mgonia, leqtori unda qmnides
iseT garemos, rom mis leqciaze daswreba saintere­
so iyos.
aseve mniSvnelovania, rom kursis Sefasebisas di­
di yuradReba studentis kvleviT naSroms daeTmos
da ara Teoriul masalas. vwerdeT Temebs, kvlevebs,
`analitikur eseebs~, rac 4 wlis bolos sabakala­
vro naSromis warmatebiT SesrulebaSi dagvxmareba.
am universitetSi kidev erTi Zalian kargi tradi­
cia arsebobs. universiteti stumrad iwvevs sajaro
moxeleebs, romlebic sajaro leqciebs marTaven.
e. w. `gest-spikerebi~ arian. sul axlaxan CvenTan
slovakeTis premier-ministri iyo. vici, rom Tsu-Si
iwveven xolme sajaro leqciebze stumrebs, Tumca
kargi iqneba, Tuki es yvela mimarTulebaze iqneba
da ara zogadad sauniversiteteo doneze. Jurnali­
stebs hqondeT saSualeba, moisminon leqciebi Ju­
rnalistikaSi momuSave da kompetenturi pirisagan,
politologebs qveynis sajaro pirebisagan da a. S.
_ nino, rogor SegxvdaT universiteti gacvliTi
programiT Casul studentebs?
_ aq gacvliTi programiT sxvadasxva qveynidan
bevri studentia. pirvel dReebSi fakultetis ad­
ministraciasTan gacnobiTi Sexvedra gvqonda. dav­
kvaliandiT, rom mere ar davbneuliyaviT.
_ gaqvT Tu ara stipendiebi?
_ am programis monawileebs stipendia 200
evro gvaqvs. es imdenia, rom erTi Tvis manZilze
students kvebaze da a. S. geyofa, Tumca, unda
aRvniSno, rom sakuTari Tavis madlieri davrCi,
sakuTari Tanxa Tan rom wamoviRe. rogorc aRmoCnda,
saerTo sacxovreblis saWiro atributikiT Sevseba
Cven mogvixda. oTaxi carieli dagvxvda. Cven
viyideT qvabebi, tafebi da msgavsi ram. interneti
gvWirdeboda da iZulebulni gavxdiT, modemic
gveyida. sacxovrebeli Tavidan ar mogvwonda, Tumca
axla SeveCvieT. ase rom, mxolod stipendia rTulad
Tu geyofa, miTumetes, Cemnair students. xan sad
minda wasvla da xan sad.
_ nino, ucxo qveyanaSi yofnisas studentebs rame
sirTuleebi xom ar geqmnebaT?
_ sirTule Segveqmna, Tan iseTi, rom qveynis
datovebac ki mogvTxoves. saqme isaa, Tsu-Si aravin
gagvafrTxila, rom slovakeTSi yofnisas binadrobis
nebarTva iyo saWiro, sanam vizas mogvcemdnen. Cveni
universitetis sagareo departaments amis Sesaxeb
45
NAEC.GE
mogzaurobisaTvis Tanxa Sevagrove. Tumca, minda
giTxra, rom aq eqskursiebisaTvis Zalian kargi
fasebia. me mivageni internet-saits, sadac dabal
fasebSi SegiZlia naxo avia-bileTebi. magaliTad,
romSi 40 evrod SemiZlia gavfrinde da rogorc
gavige, esec Zviria. ufro iafadac SeiZleba
moxerxeba. mixaria, rom vnaxav parizs, praRas,
aTens, italiis qalaqebs. leqciebis garda uamravi
Tavisufali dro mrCeba. sami dRiT krakovSic
vapireb wasvlas. ise, aRmoCnda, rom aq fulis xarjva
saocrad iolia. evropelebs yvelafrisagan uyvarT
fulis keTeba. ai, Cems megobars oTaxis gasaRebi
daekarga da am problemis mosagvareblad 33 evro
daexarja. amitom, ise unda xarjo, mTlad zaralSic
rom ar aRmoCnde.
_ rogoria Seni samomavlo gegmebi? TbilisSi
rodis brundebi?
informacia ar mouwodebia. Cveni qveynis saelCo
dagvexmara, slovakeTidan rom ar davbrunebuliyaviT.
specialurad CvenTvis gamonaklisi gaakeTebines da
dagvtoves. amas daerTo isic, rom Turme samedicino
Semowmebis dokumentic gvWirdeboda, rac sakmaod
Zviria. bratislavaSi, am dokumentis miRebas 260 evro
sWirdeba. sakuTari Tanxa rom ara, gamodioda, rom
pirveli Tve studentebs mSivrebs unda gvevlo. am
yvelaferSi erTi Tvis stipendiis Tanxa davxarjeT.
saboloo jamSi, es kargi programaa, Tumca jer
kidev sakmaod dasaxvewi. es seriozuli problemebi
iyo, romlebic ar Segvxvdeboda, rom Tsu-s ufro
meti yuradReba gamoeCina. axla ukve yvelaferi
mogvarda.
_ bratislavaSi swavla 10 seqtembers daiwyo.
me am universitetSi 31 ianvramde viqnebi. gacvliTi
programa erTsemestriania. sanam davbrundebi,
bevri ram maqvs mosaswrebi. pirveli, Cemi erT-erTi
leqtoris asistenti unda viyo erT-erT kvlevaSi,
romelic aq mcxovreb boSebs exeba. garda amisa
aq arsebobs debat-klubi, sadac msaji viqnebi, es
Zalian maxarebs. aq me vgrZnob, rom studenti var. aq
viswavle, rom 5 dRis manZilze SeiZleba sul 3 saaTi
meZinos da mainc araferi gamomrCes. vxumrob xolme,
rom SemiZlia dilamde gaverTo, vicekvo da mainc
mowesrigebuli da seminarebze aqtiuri studenti
viyo.
_ axla, rac Seexeba universitetis gareT, studen­
tur cxovrebas: sad erToba bratislavas studentoba?
sad dadixarT xolme saRaamoobiT an dasvenebis
dReebSi?
_ bratislava cocxali qalaqia. yovel saRamos
uamravi wveulebaa, ai, rasac `farTebs~ vuwodebT.
magaliTad, erTxel jaz-koncertze viyavi, daswreba
ufaso iyo. mere espanur saRamoze gadavedi. aq ar
moiwyen.
_ Tu daumegobrdi sxva qveynebidan Camosul
studentebs? rogoria maTTan urTierToba?
_ aq Zalian Tbili xalxia. ukve gavicani
portu­
galieli da espaneli studentebi. ai,
venaSi eqskursiaze maTTan erTad viyavi. Zalian
gulisxmierebi arian. yvela espaneli iyo, Tumca Tavi
uxerxulad rom ar megrZno, Cem gamo inglisurad
saubrobdnen. maTTan erTad Tavs Zalian kargad
vgrZnobdi. kidev bevri qalaqis monaxuleba maqvs
dagegmili.
_ nino, am yvelafers TviTon studentebi
afinansebT, Tu universiteti gaZlevT amis SesaZ­
leblobas?
_ es eqskursiebi me TviTon davafinanse. aq
Camos­vlamde 5 Tvis manZilze vmuSaobdi da garToba-
46
aq gavlili sagnebi sabolood Tsu-Si aRiarebul
kreditebad CameTvleba. aq yofna, ra Tqma unda,
Zalian didi gamocdilebaa. Zalian mixaria, rom am
programis monawile var.
mamuka safariZe
Tornike ziziaSvilis fotoebi
NAEC.GE
borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi
levan buTxuzi: „national geographic saqarTvelos“
mTavari redaqtori
profesia: biologi
moqalaqe: qveyana, sadac Cadis, misi nawili xdeba
sayvareli fraza: „Tu raRac ginda, aucileblad
axdeba“
isti SortebiT dadis, Cvenma gidma gvTxova, iqauri
tradiciisaTvis pativi gveca da Sesabamisad Cagvec­
va. arc erTi wamiT ar gamCenia protestis grZnoba.
sxva kulturis mimarT protestis gamoxatvas rom
iwyeb, es ukve kolonizaciaa. mas unda pativi sce da
arc unda Seafaso.
ideidan – warmatebamde
_ „Tu raRac ginda, aucileblad axdeba“. blo­
kis es sityvebi mTeli cxovreba momyveba. am frazas
xSirad vimeoreb. Tu ar axda, ese igi sakmarisad ar
gindoda.zooparkSi mtaceblebis ganyofilebis dam­
lagebelic viyavi. cxovelebs vuvlidi, volierebs
valagebdi _ zizRi arasodes migrZvnia. yovelTvis
vakeTeb im saqmes, rasTanac maqvs profesiuli kav­
Siri da rac yvelaze metad mainteresebs. aqve Cems
sayvarel avtors davesesxebi, marTalia, musikisaT­
vis saWiroa musikaluri instrumentebi, magram es
imas ar niSnavs, rom maT gareSe ar arsebobs musika.
instrumentebi aucilebelia mxolod musikis Ses­
rulebisaTvis.
Tavdapirvelad iyo idea, survili da didi gza.
wlebis Semdeg idea realobad iqca, Tumca manamde
iyo borxesis magiuri samyaro, wignebi mogzauro­
baze, sabWoTa realoba da mizani:
_ bavSvobaSi Zalian bevri wigni wavikiTxe mog­
zaurobaze. Cemi mizani iyo aRmosavleT afrikaSi
movxvedriliyavi. maSin es warmoudgeneli iyo. war­
moudgeneli iyo iseT socialistur qveyanaSi wasv­
lac ki, rogoric bulgareTia. rogorc ki daiSala
ssrk, aviRe zurgCanTa da wavedi. wavedi, mas Semdg
sul vmogzaurob. 36 qveyana, nanatri afrika, veluri
buneba _ yvelaferi is, rac adre warmoudgeneli
da ironiis safuZveli iyo, dRes Cemi relaoba da
cxovrebis wesia.
ratom mogzauroba?
_ mogzauroba CemTvis pirvel rigSi sakuTari
Tavis aRmoCenis saSualebaa. samogzaurod komfor­
tisaTvis arasodes wavsulvar. yvela etapze adami­
ans hgonia, rom sakuTar Tavs icnobs. sakuTari Ta­
vis Secnobis ramdenime gza arsebobs. ori ram, rasac
xazi minda gavusva aris: sxva kulturis adamianebTan
urTierToba da eqstremalur situaciaSi sakuTri
Tavis gamocda. saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxeSi
zustad ici, rogor unda moiqce, xvdebi garSemo­
myofebis reaqcias, rogorc ki sxvagan xvdebi, aR­
moCndebi sxva realobaSi _ is, rac misaRebia SenT­
vis, an Seni kulturisaTvis miuRebelia maTTvis. Tu
raRac ver gaiTavise, yovelTvis xdebi ucxo. aseT
situaciebSi adamiani sakuTar TavSi nakls advilad
aRmoaCen da iwyeb Seni Tavis gamosworebas. martivi
magaliTia, magram mainc wlebis win makritikebdnen
mokle Sarvlis tarebis gamo, amas yuradRebas arc
vaqcevdi da Tavad am midgomas vakritikebdi. ma­
gram, rodesac Cavedi mombasaSi, sadac yvela tur­
„national geographic saqarTvelo“
_ ideis warmoSobis Semdeg iyo xangrZlivi
molaparakebebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom komerciuli
TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba ar iyo momgebiani proeqti,
imedia, droTa ganmavlobaSi es suraTi Seicvleba.
2012 wlis maisSi gavaformeT xelSekruleba, seqtem­
berSi iyo pirveli nomeri. pirveli ramdenime nomeri
ar momwonda Sinaarsobrivad, nel-nela daixvewa.
pirvelad iyo problemebi TargmanTan dakavSirebiT­
ac. rodesac daviwyeT Targmna, Zalian gagviWirda
sruli Sinaarsiis gadmocema. am Jurnalis specifi­
kasTan morgeba skmaod rTuli aRmoCnda. rac dro
gadis, miT ufro naklebad igrZnoba, rom Targma­
nia. qarTuli gamocema ixveweba da xdeba is, rac
unda iyos. rac mTvaria, es aris Jurnali yvelasaT­
vis, ar arsebobs asakobrivi zRvari, tabudadebuli
Temebi, magram erTi ram naTelia, roca am gamocemas
kiTxulob, konkretuli statiidan srul da Tanac
absoluturad sando informacias iReb. ndoba is
47
NAEC.GE
borxesi da leopardi
borxesi, leopardi da magiuri realizmi... magi­
uri realizmis Sesaxeb SemTxveviT gaigo, roca xelSi
egreT wodebuli „burJuaziuli Jurnali“ Cauvarda,
romelSic salvador dalis fotom daainteresa.
salvador dalim nel-nela borxesamde miiyvana:
_ borxesi sul Tan damyveba. man samyaro cota
sxva kuTxiT damanaxa, ararealisturi, sadac dro da
sivrce erTmaneTTan gadajaWvuli ar aris. miuxeda­
vad amisa, mainc yvelaferi erTmaneTTan organul
mizezSedegobriv kavSirSia.
SemTxveviTi araa arc dali, arc borxesi da arc
leopardi...
_ borxesi wavikiTxe da misi magiuri realizmi,
sadac gamudmebiT leopardebi da vefxvebi figuri­
reben, Zalian momewona. leopardi Cemi totemia. mas
bavSvobidan veZeb, radgan maxsovs, viRacam miTxra:
„vefxisa da moymis“ leqsSi aris ara vefxvi, aramed
leopardi imitom, rom saqarTveloSi odesRac iyo
leopardio.
mogvianebiT leopardi, romelic aRar iyo, man
vaSlovanis nakrZalSi ipova.
da isev bloki
erT-erTi mTvari Rirsebaa, romelic am Jurnals
aqvs da romelic mas wlebma moutana.
proeqtebi da gegmebi
_ Cveni pirveladi misia codnis gavrceleba
da saganmanaTleblo proeqtebis keTebaa. rasac va­
keTebT, unda iyos ganaTlebasTan mibmuli. gvinda
am yvelfers sistemuri xasiaTi mivceT. gansakuTre­
buli fasiT SevTavazoT gamowera yvela skolas.
igegmeba TnamSromloba „gamocdebis erovnul cen­
trTanac“ _ erToblivi proeqtebis win wamoweva,
Tumca jer gegmebi bundovania. mTvaria, rom Cven
gvinda viyoT saWiroebebze morgebulni. Jurnalis
gamomweri xdebi Tu ara, es niSnavs, rom Sen xdebi am
gaerTianebis wevri da bonusad iReb Jurnals. Cven
gvekrZaleba gavaCuqoT erTi egzempliaric ki. yove­
li nomridan Semosuli Tanxa midis fondSi da afi­
nansebs samecniero eqspediciebs. ar gvaqvs fufuneba
es fuli waviRoT sxvagan. es xom arasamTavrobo or­
ganizaciebis qselia, misi mTavri arsi kvlevebis da­
finanseba da am kvlevebis Sedegad miRebuli codnis
gavrcelebaa anu axali ambebis aRmomCenebi da gama­
vrceleblebi varT. darwmunebuli var, Cveni axali
eqspediciebis Sesaxeb farTo sazogadoeba aucile­
blad Seityobs.
2014 wlidan axali proeqtis „national geographic
KIDS“-is dawyebas vgegmavT. es Zalian popularuli
proeqtia. yvelaferi is, rac iwereba Cveulebriv ga­
mocemaSi, ilustrirebuli da sabavSvo eniTaa dawer­
ili.
48
intervius Casawerad „national geographic saqarT­
velos“ ofisSi mivedi. mTvari redaqtoris inter­
viuze daTanxmeba rTuli ar iyo, ubralod is sul
mogzaurobs da...
redaqciaSi situacia iseTi damxvda, rogorsac ve­
lodi. redaqcia axal nomerze muSaobda, xelosnebi ki
raRacas akeTebdnen. xmaurSi erTmaneTis saubari _
mas Cemi kiTxvebi, me ki misi pasuxebi _ ar gvesmoda,
TiTqos „TargmanSi dakargulebs“ vgavdiT. amitom
erovnuli muzeumis Ria ezoSi gadavinacvleT.
finjani yava, sasiamovnod grili amindi da sain­
tereso respodenti...
uceb vifiqre, am muzeumis kedlebSi ramdeni sao­
cari ambavi inaxeba. TiToeuli eqsponati istoriis
nawili da saocari Tavgadasavalia, ai iseTi, Tu kar­
gad dawer, „national geographic“-Si aucileblad rom
moxvdeba.
rogorc Cveni respodenti xSirad imeorebs, „Tu
raRac ginda, aucileblad axdeba“ _ me velodebi
axal nomers!
Teiko anjafariZe
NAEC.GE
saqarTvelos muzeumSi daculi daviTaiebis
sajalabe saxli ontofodan.
XVIII saukune.
eTnografiuli muzeumis „klasika“
me vgiJdebi maikl jeksonze da xSirad vusmen
fredi merkuris... ra gaigeT amiT Cem Sesaxeb?
verkvevi musikaSi Tu vera? verc veraferi, radgan
klasikaze ar daoben da es ori musikosi ukve
kla­
sikosia. roca skolaSi vaswavlidi, maSinac
am erTgvari „triukis“ ambebs vumxeldi Cems mos­
wavleebs: Tu rameSi cudad erkveviT da ar
gindaT, rom gaamJRavnoT, airCieT „klasika“, ase
magaliTad, momwons leonardo da vinCis mxatvroba,
galaktionis poezia da ra vici kidev... Sopenis
musika... Tumca, yvelaze mniSvnelovan SekiTxvaze
_ ratom mogwons? _ pasuxis gacemas mxolod es
zedapiruli CamonaTvali ver Svelis, amisaTvis
zogadi ganaTlebis garda kidev bevri ram aris
saWiro da aucilebeli. erT-erT gakveTilze yvela
moswavlem gamca pasuxi SekiTxvaze, romeli manqana
moswonT. pasuxad me movuyevi erTi qarTvelis
istoria, romlis principuli moTxovna iyo hyoloda
cisferi „peJo“. safrangeTSi emigrantebad gaqceuli
Cveni menSevikuri mTavrobis didi nawili SimSiliT
sikvdils „peJos“ qarxanaSi dasaqmebas gadaurCenia
Turme. Cemi megobari qarTvelic cisfri „peJos“
SeZeniT erTgvar pativiscemas gamoxatavda Cveni
„cisfersisxliani“ winaprebis mimarT. am gakveTilis
Semdeg ramdenime „interesianma“ moswavlem Googleis saZiebo sistema „gadaqeqa“ da meore dRes
SeZlebisdagvarad momzadebuli pasuxiT movida,
magaliTad, aseTiT: „me BMW-s SeviZendi, masw.,
mas axalgazrdul manqanas eZaxian da siCqaresac
swrafad aviTarebs, Savi feris minda, soliduri
da seriozuli feria“. „Savi da TeTri _ ferebi ar
aris, isini tonebia, rogorc ukiduresi sibnele da
ukiduresi sinaTle“, _ Sevuswore me. xelovnebis
maswavleblis movaleobad CavTvale, Torem sxva sag­
nis pedagogi rom vyofiliyavi, arc ki SevimCnevdi.
klasika, romelic giyvars da klasika,
romelic cvlis
kazimir maleviCis „Savi kvadrati“ klasikaa. ma­
gram ar aris savaldebulo is mogwondes, sakmarisia
icode _ ratomaa klasika. adamianebis umravlesobas
impresionizmi uyvars, radgan is lamazia da gasage­
bi, Tumca fraza _ „vgiJdebi impresionizmze!“ _ xe­
lovnebaSi garkveuli adamianebisaTvis imas niSnavs,
rom frazis avtori cudad erkveva saxviT xelovne­
baSi. impresionizmi, ra Tqma unda, klasikaa, magram
is pop-musikasaviTaa mxatvrobaSi, pop-xelovneba ki
yovelTvis ufro dabali donisaa.
germaneli mecnierebis mier Catarebulma statis­
tikurma analizma aCvena, rom adamianTa umravleso­
bisaTvis Zveli xelovneba ufro sainteresoa, vidre
axali da rac ufro Zvelia is, miT ufro Cndeba mis
mimarT interesi. mkvlevrebi am faqts imiT xsnian,
rom Zveli kultura ufro mistiuri da amoucnobia,
drois distancia ki kidev ufro sainteresos xdis
mas adamianebisaTvis. Sesabamisad, muzeumebs ufro
meti damTvalierebli hyavs, vidre galereebs.
49
NAEC.GE
muzeumi cis qveS
dasavleT saqarTveloSi facxisa da jargvalis
Semdeg me-18 saukunis bolomde sajalabe saxlebi
iyo gavrcelebuli. pirveli ori ar SemorCenila,
sajalabe saxlis ramdenime klasikuri nimuSi saqa­
rTvelos eTnografiul muzeumSia gadmotanili.
pirvelive saxlSi CiTis kabasa da TavsafarSi gamowy­
obil gogonas SexvdebiT, romelsac am ficrulSi
mcxovrebis Sesabamisad Salis windebi da qalamnebi
acvia. winaprebiviT isic qalamans yoveldRe cx­
imiT poxavs da mere sakuTari fexis formaze svams
darbilebul tyavs. Zveli megreli glexis gogonas
gansaxierebis garda misi movaleobaa erTi da igive
istoria uambos yvela damTvalierebels: „ontofoSi
mcxovrebi daviTaiebis sajalabo saxlis saZirkveli
qvisaa. kedlebi wablis xis ficrisagan ulursmnod
aris nagebi. gadaxurva orqanobiania, xis nivnivebze
da gadaxurulia yavriT. misi farTobi 80 kvadrat­
uli metria. sajalabe saxli gegmaSi sworkuTxaa da
fasadis mxares aqvs Seficruliatakiani, oTxsve­
tiani aivani. mas perimetrze xis skami gasdevs. aivnis
Tavxe-sxvens fasadi gaxsnili aqvs da igi sabZlad
gamoiyeneboda. aivnidan Semavali kariT vxvdebiT
miwis iatakis mqone oTaxSi, romelsac soxane ewo­
deba da romlis centrSi ganTavsebulia kera da
Suacecxli. iataks yoveldRe rwyavdnen qalebi da
mere tkepnidnen, rom mtveri ar asvloda.
saxlis centralur nawils kera warmoadgens,
romelTanac ido qva da samfexi skami WraqisaTvis.
keris Tavze ekida naWa da masze mozrdili qvabi. iqve
idga dabali magida.
saxlSi mkacrad iyo gamijnuli mamakacebisa da
qalebis samyofeli. Sesasvlelidan marcxena mxare
mamakacebs ekuTvnoda, xolo marjvena _ qalebs. ma­
makacebis mxares tabaki idgmeboda, romelsac isini
50
asakis mixedviT Semousxdebodnen xolme. isxdnen xis
dabal kunZebze an jorkoebze. arsebobda saufroso
skamic. zogjer am skams ojaxis ufrosi stumars uT­
mobda.
kera sakralur adgilad miiCneoda. keriis ce­
cxli Cauqroblad enTo. keras wminda adgilad mi­
iCnevdnen da misi Seuracxyofa (ganzrax cecxlis
Caqroba, wylis misxma, nagvis Cayra) danaSauli iyo
da tradiciuli samarTliTac ganisjeboda. keriis
axlos ikrZaleboda bilwsityvaoba. samegreloSi ke­
riis cecxlsac ki ificebdnen. aseTi wesic hqondaT:
keriis cecxls orSabaTobiT da axal weliwads ar
gascemdnen, ojaxis baraqa gahyvebao.
keras aseve didi adgili ekava CveulebiT samar­
TalSi. moklulis ojaxTan mkvlelis saboloo
Serigebis niSani iyo damnaSavis SeSveba ojaxSi da
kerasTan moklulis dedis mkerdze mTxveva. amgvari
ritualis Semdeg monanie mkvleli am ojaxis wevra­
dac miiCneoda.
kerasTan ewyoboda aseve locvis sxvadasxva da
sadResaswaulo ritualebic. ojaxis ufrosi swored
aq, kerasTan aRavlenda fuZis locvas, aq acxobda
diasaxlisi saweso kverebs, aqve nakverCxlebze ak­
mevdnen sakmevels, axal weliwads mekvle pirvelad
keriis cecxls miulocavda, aCaRebda cecxls sa­
gangebod momzadebuli fiCxiT da Semdeg zed gadaax­
teboda.
kerasa da mis Tavze Camokidebul naWas didi ad­
gili ekava saqorwino ritualSi: ojaxSi pirvelad
Semoyvanil patarZals samjer Semoatarebdnen keras.
mas xeli unda Seevlo sakidlisaTvis da amiT ukve
ojaxis wevric xdeboda. col-qmrisaTvis ezoSi cal­
ke idga „Taflobis Tvis saxli“, sajalabe saxlSi
colqmruli urTierToba ikrZaleboda, radgan mTa­
vari saxli sacxovrebelic iyo da taZaric, garkveu­
li ritualebis Semdeg gardacvlil winaparTa sule­
bic ki kerasTan „iyridnen“ Tavs.
mTxrobelebi daviTaiebis saxlis agebas laz osta­
tebs miaweren. saqarTveloSi da mTlianad kavkasiaSi
xis saxlebis aSenebisa da maTze CuqurTmebis gamo­
NAEC.GE
yvanis didi ostatebi iyvnen lazeTidan da raWidan
gamosuli xelosnebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebdnen
im kuTxis tradiciebsac, sadac saxlebs aSenebdnen
da im did codnasac iyenebdnen, romelic saukuneTa
ganmavlobaSi Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda.
„Seni oTaxis“ uaryofiTi mxare
me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi farTod gavrceleb­
ulma oda saxlma yvelaferi „gaafuWa“ _ is aRar
aris saxli, romelic „taZaria“. is erToba, misti­
ka, simSvide, rac sajalaboSi amdeni xnis manZilze
iyo SenarCunebuli, oda saxlSi daikarga. mas ukve 2
saZinebeli da 1 misaRebi oTaxi gauCnda. yvela oTaxs
Tavisi Sesasvleli aqvs da aivnis nawili esazRvre­
ba. Suacecxli buxrebma Secvala. Sesabamisad, arc
„Taflobis Tvis saxlebi“ arsebobs da arc saerTo
cecxlis garSemo yofnis tradicia, arc imis valde­
buleba, rom keriis pativiscemis gamo mainc ar iyo
cud xasiaTze da ar iCxubo, arc is, rom sajalabe
saxlSi mTel sigZeze gaSlil sarecelze, romelzec
zogjer 20 adamianic ki eteoda, bavSvs survilis­
amebr SeeZlo zRapris Txrobisas babus gverdiT Ca­
Zineboda, bebos Caxuteboda da ise gaetarebina mTe­
li Rame, xolo mere dedis ZuZus saWmelad gverdiT
gadagorebuliyo. rac mTavaria, oda saxli aRar dgas
miwaze. saukuneebis manZilze aRmosavleT saqarT­
veloSic (baniani saxli, darbazuli saxli) da dasav­
leT saqarTveloSic saxlebi miwaze idga an saerTod
miwiT ifareboda, ris gamoc zamTar-zafxul TiTq­
mis erTi da igive temperaturas inarCunebda.
oda saxli impresionizmiviTaa
saxviT xelovnebaSi impresionizmma pirvelma
Seitana iseTi fundamenturi cvlilebebi, rom­
lebmac Semdeg mTeli me-20 saukunis xelovneba
gansazRvra. Tu adre mxatvrebi mxolod Canaxatebs
akeTebdnen gareT da mere saxlSi garbodnen nanaxis
tiloze gadasatanad an sulac iwvevdnen modelebs
da amiT saxelosnos gansakuTrebul mniSvnelovne­
bas aniWebdnen, impresionistebi plenerze gavidnen,
isini abundovaneben formas da yovelgvari mniS­
vnelovnebisa da qveteqstis gareSe iwyeben „STabeW­
dilebebis gadatanas“ suraTze. aqedan moyolebuli
mxatvris saxelosno yvelganaa, ufro mogvianebiT ki,
saerTo idealis arqonis gamo xelovnebaa yvelaferi.
is kargavs gansakuTrebulobas, radgan ukve yvelas
SeuZlia ramdenime monasmis wyalobiTac ki gaxdes
cnobili „ART-isti“, mTavaria, am xazebis kombinacia
pirvelma moifiqros.
oda saxli dRevandeli saxlis winamorbedia, misi
amSenebeli bedavs daarRvios aqamde taZrad qceuli
erTi oTaxis simyureove, romelic erTad yofnisa
da Tanyofnis simbolo iyo da damoukidebeli
oTaxebi miuCinos adamianebs... bedavs, pirvelad
daaSoros miwas saxli da fexebze Semodgas kargi
hidroizolaciis momizezebiT. amis Semdeg saxlebi
sul maRla da maRla miiweven, caSi gamokidebuli
adamianebi ki (miwas vin Civis) sul ufro da ufro
emijnebian socialur garemos, cildebian erTmaneTs
da Tavis mravalricxovan oTaxebSi iketebian. erTma
poetma bunebas leqsi miuZRvna aseTi qvesaTauriT:
„or naZvs, romlebic Cemi fanjridan mosCans, es
bunebasTan Cemi kontaqtis erTaderTi saSualebaa
am xmaurian qalaqSi...“ caTambjenebi zogjer
babilonis godols magonebs, romlis mSenebloba
manamde ar Sewyda, sanam RmerTma adamianebs
sxvadasxva enaze laparaki ar daawyebina... „maT aRar
esmodaT erTmaneTisa da mimoifantnen...“ Cven xom
caTambjenebs RmerTamde misasvlelad ar vaSenebT
da zustad arc is viciT, Suacecxlisa da eklesiis
Semdeg sad gadainacvla misken savalma gzam...
qeTi kvitatiani
avtoris fotoebi
51
NAEC.GE
weroebi mifrinaven Sors
seria gadaRebulia suramis # 2 sajaro skolis
direqtoris _ miSa giorgaZis mier sxvadasxva dros,
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionis soflebSi da
gadmoscems bavSvebis cxovrebas soflad. fotoebis
nawili gadaRebulia aseve mzrunvelobamoklebul
bavSvTa saxlSi.
dakvirveba mainteresebda. saxismetyveleba, konk­
retuli tipaJis mqone personaJis SerCeva da
mogzaurobis Sedegad sxvadasxva cxovrebis wesis,
tradiciebis mqone adamianebze dakvirveba dRemde
maZlevs saSualebas ara mxolod gavakeTo is, rasac
bavSvobidan moyolebuli sul vfiqrobdi, Tu
didi mxatvari ar gamoval, Cemi Wiis gasaxarad mainc
davxatav-meTqi. xatvis survili dRemde ar gamnelebia.
vxatav xolme, Tumca ise, Cemi Wiis gasaxaradac rom
ar aris sakmarisi. xatva kargad ver viswavle. ra ar
viRone, magram adamianebis xatva gansakuTrebiT ar
gamomdioda. miTxres, mand maswavlebelia saWiroo;
sxeulis ageba, proporciebio da a. S. ar miyvars
auxdeneli ocnebebi. arc ganuxorcielebeli ideebi.
saqmis gaioleba ki miyvars.
fotografia mxolod Tavidan Canda ioli.
vifiqre, is ideebi, sakuTari fiqris gadmocemis
formebi, romlebic mxatvrobaSi warumateblad
dasrul­
da, amjerad fotografiaSi momesinja. fo­
toebis gadaReba daaxloebiT 4 wlis win daviwye.
viRebdi yvelafers, peizaJebs, arqiteqturas, makro
deta­
lebs, adamianebs. garkveuli gamocdilebis
Semdeg mivxvdi, rom yvelaze metad portretis
Janri da fotoaparatiT adamianebis cxovrebaze
mxatvrobiT ver mivaRwie, aramed sakuTari fiqric
gamovxato. fotografia CemTvis TviTgamoxatvis
erT-erT mTavar saSualebad iqca, rasac me dRemde
didi siyvaruliT vakeTeb.
52
NAEC.GE
53
NAEC.GE
saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso
saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi
me-20 saukunis bolo aTwleulidan moyolebuli
msoflios ramdenime aTeuli qveyana saerTaSoriso
saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi iRebs monawileobas.
saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebs ramde­
nime mizani aqvs:
_ Seafasos moswavleTa miRwevebi da maTi
cvlileba droSi;
_ aRmoaCinos moswavleTa miRwevebs Soris
gansxvavebebisa da msgavsebebis sistemuri, meTodo­
lo­giuri da konteqsturi mizezebi;
_ SemogvTavazos rekomendaciebi Sedegebis
gasaumjobeseblad.
2006 wlidan moyolebuli am kvlevebs saqarT­
veloc SeuerTda da dRemde Semdeg kvlevebSi miiRo
monawileoba:
_ PIRLS - wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvleva,
afasebs kiTxvis unarebs me-4 klasis moswavleebSi;
_ TIMSS - maTematikisa da sabunebismetyvelo
sagnebis swavlisa da swavlebis kvleva, afasebs me-4
da me-8 klasebis moswavleebis miRwevebs;
_ PISA - moswavleTa miRwevebis saerTaSoriso
Sefasebis programa 15 wlis mozardebSi, afasebs
kiTxvis, maTematikisa da mecnierebebis unarebs;
_ TEDS-M - maTematikis momaval maswavlebelTa
momzadebis saerTaSoriso kvleva.
am nomerSi kvlevebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT
ganvixilavT im problemebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba
saqarTveloSi Tanabari saganmanaTleblo SesaZleb­
lobebis uzrunvelyofas. Semdgom nomrebSi ki
SemogTavazebT moswavleTa Sedegebis gaumjobesebisa
da gaTanabrebis rekomendaciebs saqarTvelosa da
kvlevaSi monawile sxva qveynebis Sedegebis Sedare­
biT analizze dayrdnobiT.
Tanasworoba ganaTlebaSi:
gamowvevebi da rekomendaciebi
ganaTlebaSi Tanasworobis arsi da mniSvneloba
ganaTlebaSi Tanasworoba gulisxmobs, rom
bavSvs, mozardsa Tu axalgazrda adamians swavlisa
da ganviTarebisaTvis Tanabari SesaZlebloba eZleva
55
NAEC.GE
miuxedavad misi socialuri mdgomareobisa. bavSvs,
romelic cxovrobs soflad, izrdeba xelmokle
ojaxSi, aqvs specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWi­
roebebi an warmoadgens eTnikur Tu enobriv
umciresobas, Tavisi SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad
ganviTarebis saSualeba unda mieces.
ganaTlebaSi Tanasworobas ara marto humanis­
turi mosazrebebis gamo uWeren mxars. Tanasworo­
bas Zlieri racionaluri safuZveli aqvs, romelic
ekonomikis da, zogadad, sazogadoebrivi keTil­
dReobis zrdas ukavSirdeba. meoce saukunis meore
naxevridan moyolebuli ekonomistebi da sociolo­
gebi am sakiTxs intensiurad ikvleven da cdilo­
ben gaaanalizon Tanasworobis mimarTeba adamianis
cxovrebis xarisxTan, produqtiulobasTan, sazoga­
doebaSi integrirebis xarisxTan da ekonomikis zr­
dasTan. mTavari migneba aseTia _ rac ufro metia
qveyanaSi maRali kompetenciebis, maRali samoqalaqo
cnobierebisa da SemoqmedebiTad moazrovne adamian­
ebis wili, miT ufro maRalia zogadad sazogadoebis
keTildReobis zrdis Sansi.
aqedan gamomdinare, izrdeba mkvlevrebis, sazoga­
doebisa da politikosebis interesi ganaTlebis
Tanabari xelmisawvdomobis, Tanabari warmatebis
Sansisa da Tanabari ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebis
sakiTxebis mimarT. amitom, garda moswavleTa sa­
Sualo miRwevebisa, saganmanaTleblo sistemis
warmatebas zomavn imiTac, Tu ramdenad axerxebs igi
socialuri niSniT gansxvavebuli moswavleebis sa­
ganmanaTleblo Sedegebis gaTanabrebas.
ganaTlebaSi Tanasworobis sazomebi
ganaTlebaSi Tanasworobas ori ZiriTadi sazomi
aqvs: ganaTlebaze Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba da
ganaTlebis Sedegebis Tanasworoba.
ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomobaSi
igulisxmeba
skolamdel, saskolo da skolisSemdgom ganaT­lebaSi
CarTuli bavSvebis, mozardebisa da axalgazrdebis
Tanabari wili, romlebic cxovroben sofelsa da
qalaqSi, warmoadgenen SeZlebul da xelmokle
ojaxebs, ekuTvnian sxvadasxva eTnikur umciresobas
da a. S.
ganaTlebis Sedegebi ufro rTulad gasazomia.
dReisaTvis arsebuli saerTaSoriso Tu erovnuli
Sefasebebi kognituri unarebiT (kiTxva, maTematika,
mecnierebebi) Semoifargleba. Tumca es is unarebia,
romlebic mniSvnelovanwilad prognozirebs bavSvisa
da mozardis Semdegom warmatebas saganmanaTleblo
sistemaSi da mis gareT.
ganaTlebis Sedegebis Tanasworobis Sesafaseblad
sxvadasxva socialuri Tu demografiuli (mSoblebis
ganaTleba da saqmianoba, emigrantebi, aborigeni
mosaxleoba, eTnikuri umciresobebi, dasaxlebis
tipi) niSniT gansxvavebuli jgufebis Sedegebs
adareben.
gansxvavebebi moswavleTa miRwevebSi da maTi
dinamika saqarTveloSi
2006, 2007, 2010 da 2011 wlebSi Catarebuli saer­
TaSoriso saganmanaTleblo kvlevebi moswavleTa
56
SedegebSi gansxvavebebs sxvadasxva indikatoris
mixedviT gviCvenebs da Semdegi daskvnebis gakeTebis
saSualebas gvaZlevs:
• moswavleebi soflad, moswavleebi xelmokle
ojaxebidan, moswavleebi naklebad ganaTlebuli
mSoblebiT (sabazo an saSualo ganaTlebiT),
saSualod ufro dabal Sedegebs aCveneben, vidre
maTi Tanatolebi qalaqSi da ufro ganaTlebuli
mSoblebiT (ix. naxati 1). aq mniSvnelovania imis
gaTvaliswineba, Tu ramdenad dabalia aseTi mos­
wavleebis Sedegebi. magaliTisaTvis, 2010 wels Cata­
rebuli pizas kvlevis mixedviT, 15 wlis soflad
mcxovrebi yoveli meore mozardis maTematikis
unarebi imdenad dabalia, rom maTi Sedegebi ver
akmayofilebs kvlevis instrumentiT Sefasebuli
minimaluri safexuris moTxovnebsac ki. amave
kvlevis mixedviT kiTxvis unaris yvelaze dabal
dones soflad ver aRwevs 15 wlis moswavleebis 19%.
• moswavleTa SedegebSi gansxvavebebi, romlebic
ukavSirdeba socialur faqtorebs, izrdeba: PIRLS
da TIMSS kvlevebis 2006 da 2007 wlebis Sedegebis
2011 wlis SedegebTan Sedareba gvaCvenebs, rom
soflad moswavleTa Sedegebi uaresdeba an igive
rCeba, qalaqSi ki _ umjobesdeba. imave tendencias
vxedavT mSoblis ganaTlebisa da ojaxSi wignebis
raodenobis mixedviT
_ gansxvavebebi bavSvebis
miRwevebs Soris mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.
• ufro xelmokle moswavleebsa da moswavleebs
soflad skolaSic ufro naklebi saganmanaTleblo
resursi xvdebaT, vidre maT Tanatolebs SeZlebuli
ojaxebidan qalaqis skolebSi.
naxati 1: 15 wlis moswavleebis Sedegebi maTema­
tikaSi, kiTxvasa da bunebismetyvelebaSi dasaxlebis
tipis, mSoblebis ganaTlebis, ojaxSi wignebis raode­
nobisa da skolis tipis mixedviT.
maTematika
kiTxva
bunebismetyveleba
kerZo skola
qveynis saSualo
sajaro skola
orive mSobeli
umaRlesi
ganaTlebiT
sofeli
arcerTi mSobeli
umaRlesi
ganaTlebiT
daba
201-500 wigni
saxlSi
patara qalaqi
0-10 wigni saxlSi
qalaqi
didi qalaqi
msgavsi tendenciebi saerTaSoriso saganmanaT­
leblo kvlevebSi monawile bevr qveyanaSi dafiq­
sirda. sxvadasxva mizezis gamo (magaliTad, saganma­
naTleblo resursebi Sin), moswavleebi soflebSi,
enobrivi an eTnikuri umciresobebidan, Raribi oja­
xe­bidan ufro dabal Sedegebs aCveneben, vid­re maTi
Tanatolebi qalaqebSi da SeZlebuli ojaxe­bidan.
NAEC.GE
magram gamoikveTa iseTi qveynebic, sadac,
miuxedavad mosaxleobis SemosavlebSi arsebuli ma­
Rali uTanasworobisa, socio-ekonomikuri statu­
si
da sacxovrebeli adgili sustad aisaxeba moswavlis
miRwevebze. bolo wlebSi zogierT qveyanaSi mos­
wavleTa Soris gansxvavebebi mniSvnelovnad mcirde­ba
kidec. am niSniT warmatebuli qveynebis rigSi, garda
maRali SedegebiT gamorCeuli saganmanaTleblo
sistemebisa (fineTi, hong-kongi), gvxvdeba yofili
sabWoTa da komunisturi qveynebic (poloneTi,
estoneTi).
naxati 2: saqarTveloSi mSoblis ganaTlebis mi­xed­
viT moswavleTa SedegebSi cvlileba 2006-2007 wle­
bidan 2011 wlamde
550
mama sabazo
ganaTlebiT
mama umaRlesi
ganaTlebiT
qveynis saSualo
Sedegi
530
510
490
470
450
430
410
390
370
350
2007
2011
maTematika VIII klasi
2007
2011
2006
2011
mecnierebebi VIII klasi wigniereba IV klasi
rekomendaciebi
ra gamoarCevT warmatebul saganmanaTleblo
sistemebs danarCenebisagan? saerTaSoriso saganma­
naT­­
leblo kvlevebze dayrdnobiT mkvlevrebi ram­
denime rekomendacias gvTavazoben. zogierT maTgans
aq mokled ganvixilavT. Semdgom nomrebSi am da sxva
rekomendaciebze ufro dawvrilebiT vimsjelebT.
ganaTlebis dafinansebis gazrda
saqarTvelos ganaTlebis biujeti rekomendebul
doneze1 orjer naklebia. ganaTlebis saxelmwifo
xarjebiT saqarTvelo CamorCeba dabalSemosavliani
qveynebis saSualo maCvenebelsac ki. ra Tqma unda,
ganaTlebisaTvis gamoyofili saxelmiwofo xarjebi
ar aris
saganmanaTleblo sistemis warmatebis
ganmsazRvreli erTaderTi faqtori; ufro meti
fuli yovelTvis ufro karg Sedegs ar iZleva.
magram
arasakmarisi dafinanseba, rogorc wesi,
aisaxeba saganmanaTleblo resursebis xarisxze _
maswavleblis xelfasze, skolaSi biblioTekebze,
saxelmZRvaneloebis xelmisawvdomobaze, skolis
infrastruqturaze.
saganmanaTleblo resursebis dabali xarisxi
1 UNESCO and CONFINTEA VI, Harnessing the Power and Potential of
Adult Learning and Education for a Viable Future: Belem Framework for Action,
para. 14a, gv.5: www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/INSTITUTES/
UIL/confintea/pdf/working_documents/ Belém%20Framework_Final.pdf
yvelaze negatiurad mowyvlad jgufebze aisaxeba,
radgan maT formaluri saganmanaTleblo sistemis
gareT
resursebis
gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba
SezRuduli aqvT. magaliTad, moswavles xelmokle
ojaxSi naklebi wigni aqvs; mSoblebs ar aqvT
repetitorebis daqiravebis SesaZlebloba; rogorc
wesi, xelmokle ojaxebSi ojaxis wevrebs ar SeuZliaT
bavSvisaTvis swavlaSi daxmarebis gaweva.
finansuri resursebis gonivruli ganawileba
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, dafinansebis mocu­
loba ar aris ganaTlebis sistemis warmatebis
gan­
msazRvreli yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtori.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania finansuri resursebis
gonivruli ganawileba. magaliTad, roca arCevani
klasis zomis gazrdasa da maswavleblis xelfasis
gazrdas Soris dgas, maswavleblis xelfasis gazrda,
rogorc
warmatebuli
qveynebis
gamocdileba
gvkarnaxobs, ukeTes Sedegze gagviyvans.
klasis zoma: Tu klasis zomasa da maswavleblis
xelfass SedarebiT WrilSi ganvixilavT, vnaxavT,
rom saqarTveloSi Zalian dabalia klasis zoma
da maswavleblis xelfasi. saqarTveloSi klasSi
saSualod 19 moswavlea (TbilisSi saSualod 22,
soflad _ 15). moswavleebis 13% swavlobs klasSi,
sadac 10-ze naklebi moswavlea da moswavleebis igive
wili swavlobs klasSi, sadac 25-ze meti moswavlea.
danarCeni 74% swavlobs klasSi, sadac 11-dan 25-mde
bavSvia. am maCvenebliT saqarTvelos sxva qveynebs
Tu SevadarebT, vnaxavT, rom igive maCvenebeli aqvs
fineTs. saSualod klasSi moswavleebis raodenobis
mixedviT ganviTarebuli da post sabWoTa qveynebis
udides nawilze dabali maCvnebeli gvaqvs.
maswavleblis xelfasi: saqarTveloSi maswav­
leb­
lis xelfasi fineTisas rom gauswordes, 10
wel­
ze meti gamocdilebisa da yvelaze dabali
ganaTlebis xarisxis mqone maswavleblis xelfasi
57
NAEC.GE
saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi warmatebis Sanss. magram
baRSi siaruli yovelTvis ar aris produqtiuli.
mniSvnelovani aq skolamdeli ganaTlebis xarisxia.
klasSi datoveba da klasebSi moswavleTa Se­
saZleblobebis mixedviT dajgufeba uaryofiTad
aisaxeba mTlianad sistemis Sedegebze. aseTi praq­
tikis Sedegebi gansakuTrebiT dramatulia mow­
yvladi jgufebisaTvis, radgan, rogorc wesi,
akademiuri CamorCenis riski maRali im bavSvebSia,
romlebsac ojaxidan sakmarisi mxardaWera ar aqvT.
maRali miRwevebis mqone qveynebSi moswavleebis
monitoringi adreuli asakidanve iwyeba da swav­
laSi sirTuleebis aRmoCenisas am sirTuleebis
aRmosafxvrelad skola iRebs pasuxismgeblobas. am
TvalsazrisiT gamorCeulia fineTi, sadac Sedegebis
gasaumjobeseblad dawyebiT da sabazo safexurebze
moswavleTa TiTqmis naxevars uweven sxvadasxva
tipis damatebiT daxmarebas.
2012 wels 560 lari unda yofiliyo. saerTaSoriso
saganmanaTleblo kvlevebSi maRali Sedegebis mqone
sxva qveynebSi maswavleblis xelfasi kidev ufro
maRalia. maswavlebeleTa xelfasi gansakuTrebiT
maRalia samxreT aziis im qveynebSi, romlebmac
Zalian swrafad gazardes Sedegebi da saerTaSoriso
saganmanaTleblo kvlevebis reitingebis saTaveebSi
moeqcnen. hong kongs, singapursa da koreas Tu
SevadarebT, maswavleblis xelfasi2 saqarTveloSi
hong kongeli maswavleblis xelfass rom gauswordes
_ 1133 lari,
singapurelisas _ 800 lari da
koreelisas rom gauTanabrdes _ 973 lari unda iyos.
saganmanaTleblo resursebis Tanabrad ganawileba
sistemaSi
moswavleebs
Soris
resursebis
ganawilebis mixedviT qveynebi sam jgufad iyofian:
(1) qveynebi, sadac resursebi araTanabradaa
ganawilebuli ise, rom ufro xelmokle ojaxebidan
bavSvebs da/an bavSvebs soflad ufro naklebi
resursi ergebaT. saqarTvelo aseTi qveynebis
jgufs miekuTvneba; (2) qveynebi, sadac resursebi
Tanabrad nawildeba ise, rom sxvadasxva saWiroebis
mqone bavSvebs erTi da igive raodenobisa da
xarisxis resursi ergebaT; (3) qveynebi, sadac ufro
meti saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone (xelmokle,
soflis, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis)
bavSvebze
ufro
meti
ixarjeba
danaklisis
sakompensaciod. warmatebul qveynebSi swored es
ukanaskneli midgomaa gavrcelebuli.
dabali miRwevebis adreuli prevencia
rogorc 2011 wels saqarTveloSi Catarebuli
saskolo mzaobis kvleva gviCvenebs, saskolo mzaoba
gansakuTrebiT dabalia im bavSvebSi, romlebic
soflad
cxovroben.
saskolo
mzaoba
aseve
gansxvavdeba dedis ganaTlebis donis mixedviT.
xarisxian skolamdel ganaTlebaze xelmisaw­
vdomoba mniSvnelovnad gazrdis mowyvladi jgufebis
2 SedarebisaTvis yvelaze dabali akademiuri xarisxisa da 10
welze meti gamocdilebis mqone maswavleblis xelfass viyenebT.
58
mimzidveli alternatiuli arxebis Seqmna da
Cixebis aRmofxvra
2010 wels saqarTveloSi, wina wlebTan SedarebiT,
300%-iT gaizarda sabazo da saSualo safexuridan
skolis mitovebis maCvenebeli. dabali miRwevebis
mqone moswavleebis skolidan garicxva skolas saqmes
uadvilebs. magram am moswavleebis didi nawili
aRar brundeba saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi, skolas
Semdgomi profesiuli warmatebisaTvis saWiro sa­
bazo unarebis gareSe tovebs da arakvalificiuri
muSaxelis rigebs uerTdeba.
am problemis sapasuxod ori zomis gatareba
SeiZleba: (1) saSualo safexurze xarisxiani pro­
fesiuli saganmanaTleblo arxebis Seqmna da (2)
profesiuli mimarTulebidan akademiur mimar­
Tu­
lebaze gadasvlisas barierebis Semcireba ise,
rom moswavlis mier erTxel gakeTebulma aras­
worma arCevanma samudamod ar mouspos Semdgomi
profesiuli ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba.
statiebi Semdeg nomrebSi:
• ganaTlebis dafinansebis moculoba, ganawileba,
klasis zoma da maswavleblis xelfasi;
• moswavleTa diferenciaciis gavlena moswavleTa
da sistemis saSualo Sedegebze;
• skolis avtonomiuroba da skolis Sefaseba;
• skolamdel ganaTlebaSi CarTuloba
gavlena moswavleTa miRwevebze;
da
misi
• kompiuterze xelmisawvdomoba ojaxsa da skolaSi
da misi gavlena moswavleTa Sedegebze.
`Sefasebisa da gamocdebis
erovnuli centris~
kvlevis jgufi
goga Canadiris fotoebi
NAEC.GE
59
NAEC.GE
qarTuli sabrZolo xelovneba
Cveni winaprebis qarqaSi xSirad carieli iyo,
radgan gamudmebuli omebis dros xmali xelSi
unda gWeroda, amitom sabrZolo ileTebis codna
aucileblobas warmoadgenda, raTa dagecva mSobli­
uri miwa-wyali, ojaxi da sakuTari sicocxle.
xridoli qarTuli sabrZolo xelovnebaa, romlis
wesebSic asaxulia qarTvelebis istoria. saukuneebis
manZilze Cveni winaprebi swored aseTi ileTebiT
igeriebdnen mters.
60
xridolis ganmarteba Setanilia i. griSaSvilis
„qalaqur leqsikonSi“: „xridoli, xridoni _ krivi
cali xeliT, varjiSi erTi xeliT. erTi xeli
qamarSi aqvT garWobili da meoreTi varjiSoben
_ hkrivoben“. xridoli erTgvari ostatobis
maCvenebeli iyo, radgan brZolaSi gamomwvevi cali
xeliT ebrZoda orive xeliT moCxubar metoqes.
im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu cali xeliT mebrZols
gauWirdeboda da metoqe daCagravda, is mainc ar
arRvevda xridolis wesebs da isev cali xeliT
agrZelebda brZolas.
qarTuli sabrZolo xelovnebis ileTebis aTvi­
sebas hqonda rogorc sportuli, aseve fsiqo­
logiuri da aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvneloba. Cveni
meb­
rZoli winaprebisaTvis qarTuli sabrZolo xe­
lov­­
neba iyo cxovrebis wesi, romelic aviTarebda
iseT unarebs, romlebic saWiro iyo eris gadarCenisa
da ganviTarebisaTvis.
rogor movida xridoli Cvenamde? ra adgili
uWiravs Tanamedrove qarTveli adamianis cxovrebaSi
winaparTa am tradicias? am sakiTxebze gvesaubreba
„xridolis akademia
_ jansaRi axalgazrdobis“
prezidenti, daviT gulbani.
NAEC.GE
_ ra roli eniWeboda bavSvTa aRzrdaSi qarTul
sabrZolo xelovnebas?
_ saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli iyo aRzrdis
sxvadasxva wes-Cveulebani kuTxeebis mixedviT.
didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda imas, rom bavSvi
adreuli asakidan SeCveoda gambedaobas, amtanobas,
moqnilobas, sisxartes da yofiliyo elastiuri.
Tavidan aCvevdnen TamaSobebiT da yvela is TamaSi,
romlebiTac
erTobodnen
qarTveli
bavSvebi,
Seicavda adamianis gansaviTarebel elementebs, raTa
gaWirvebis Jams gamoeyenebinaT. gogonebi da vaJebi
bavSvobaSi erTad TamaSobdnen. asakis matebasTan
erTad xdeboda gayofa: gogonebi TamaSobdnen
dedobanas, saxlobanas, raTa gamoemuSavebinaT
is unarebi, romlebic dasWirdebodaT saojaxo
saqmeebSi. vaJebi ki ufro rTuli ileTebis
aTvisebas agrZelebdnen, rac gamoixateboda Subis
tyorcnaSi, xanjlis gamoyenebasa da WidaobaSi. es
yvelaferi mniSvnelovani iyo imisaTvis, rom vaJebi
mtkice, mdgradi xasiaTisani Camoyalibebuliyvnen,
yofiliyvnen maRali zneobis, uSiSarni, sxartni
da gonebamaxvilni. TamaSobebis meSveobiT bavSvs
miewodeboda misi asakis fsiqikisaTvis saWiro
unarebi, radgan mozardi yvelaze martivad iTvisebs
Cvevebs TamaSebiT. aseve zRaprebis meSveobiT
aswavlidnen iseT sakiTxebs, romlebic maTi
winaprebis tradiciebs Rirseulad gaagrZelebda,
aseve samarTlian, erTgul da keTil adamianebad
Camoyalibebas Seuwyobda xels. bavSvi RrubeliviT
isrutavs aseTi saxiT informacias da xels uwyobs
maT ganviTarebasa da codnis amRlebas.
_ Tanamedrove pirobebSi rogor xdeba am ileTebis
Seswavla, unarebis gamomuSaveba, aqvs Tu ara igive
aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia, rogorc winaT da romeli
literaturiT sargeblobT?
_ literatura ar gvaqvs, SeiZleba iyo wignebi da
daikarga dampyroblebis Semosevebis dros, radgan
mteri yovelTvis sulieri Rirebulebebis amoZirkvas
cdilobda, amitomac am sakiTxs wlebis manZilze
tabu edo jer mefis ruseTis, Semdeg sabWoTa
periodSi. Zvel droSi rac ar unda ganaTlebuli
yofiliyavi, sabrZolo strategiis daufleba saWiro,
metic, gadamwyveti iyo, Torem ver gadarCebodi,
radgan gamudmebiT omebSi monawileobda qveyana.
moZiebul masalebze dayrdnobiT dRes mimdinareobs
am unikaluri sabrZolo xelovnebis Seswavla.
akademiaSi gvyavs bavSvebi 5 wlis asakidan, varjiSebi
locviT iwyeba da sruldeba, mogexsenebaT, wminda
giorgi aris qarTvel mebrZolTa mfarveli.
vcdilobT zedmiwevniT davicvaT qarTuli sab­
rZolo xelovnebis wesebi. Teoriuli masalis
damuSavebaa saWiroa, riTic, vfiqrob, saxelmwifoc
metad unda dainteresdes. kargi iqneba tradiciebis
SenarCunebaze saxelmwifoc Tu izrunebs. mo­
gexsenebaT, am dargSi iyo wyveta da uzrmazari
informacia ukvalod daikarga. mainc moxerxda
sakmaod mravalferovani, saintereso da efeqturi
saxeobebis gamovlena.
_ rogor moxerxda da ramdenad mniSvnelovania
qarTveli axalgazrdebis xridoliT daintereseba?
_ didi wvlili miuZRvis kaxa zarnaZes qarTuli
sabrZolo xelovnebis masalebis moZiebasa da da­
muSavebaSi. man Seagrova ramdenime aTeuli sabrZo­
lo saxeoba, romlebic rogorc iaraRis gamoyenebiT,
aseve uiaraRod brZolas gulisxmobs. sabrZolo xe­
lovnebis daufleba saWiroa. qarTul tradiciebsa
da qarTul fesvebs ar unda movwydeT. Cveni winapre­
bis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli iyo is, rom
qarTveli mebrZoli iyo uSiSari, amtani, gasaWirSi
erTmaneTis gverdSi mdgomi, sakuTari da moyvasis
Rirsebis damcveli, rac qarTuli sabrZolo xe­
lovnebis flobis xarjze xdeboda. saeWvoa igive un­
arebi ganuviTardes mozards, romelic kompiuter­
zea mijaWvuli, radgan mniSvnelovania, metic, valia,
STamomavlobam gaiziaros aRzrdis unikaluri,
aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi dagrovili da praq­
tikaSi gamocdili meTodi, tradiciebi da ubralod
cxovrebis wesi, rom „globalizebul samyaroSi“
SeinarCunos Rirseuli adgili.
nana izoria
giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi
61
NAEC.GE
roca maswavlebeli genatreba
Cveni Taoba ufro „romantikiosi“ iyo, am sity­
vis pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT. SeiZle­
ba imitom, rom ar gvqonda pesimizmis ufleba, amaze
„cudSi“ sadRa unda gvecxovra? unda vyofiliyaviT
optimistebi da isRa dagvrCenoda gveocneba, rom
90-ian wlebSi damwvari Tbilisis centraluri ubani
isev ganaxldeboda, deni ar Caqreboda, bevri da kar­
gi tkbileuli gveqneboda da mSoblebis moyolilis
mixedviT, Cvenc movuSvebdiT onkans da erT dResac,
iqidan Tbili wyali wamovidoda.
Cemi skola mainc ar momwonda miuxedavad imisa,
rom axali aSenebuli iyo, hqonda didi ezo, kargi
62
sportuli darbazi da sufTa saklaso oTaxebi Se­
darebiT „Tanamedrove“ inventariT. qveyanaSi gan­
viTarebuli movlenebi masSic aRwevda da raRac­
nairad sevdiani da mowyenili interieri hqonda.
erTaderTi „wmindaTa-wminda“ adgili iyo samaswav­
leblo. Cven iq Sesvla gvekrZaleboda, rac am oTaxs
idumalebas matebda, mniSvnelovnebas ki is, rom
iq Cemi maswavleblebi Sediodnen da ar arsebobda
maTze ufro avtoritetuli ufrosi moswavleebi­
saTvis. maswavleblebi Cvens warmodgenaSi iyvnen:
yvelaze simpaTiurebi, mowesrigebulebi, ganaTle­
bulebi da saerTod idealurebi. ase vfiqrobdiT,
magram, ra Tqma unda, vabrazebdiT maT. am situa­
ciebs ZiriTadad Cemi klaseli aCiko „agvarebda“.
„Cumaaaaad!“ _ daiyvirebda Zalian xmamaRla da mar­
Tla gvaCumebda. raRacnairi biWi iyo, vemorCile­
bodiT. Cvens TaobaSi skolas hyavda erTi-ori mis­
nairi „avtoriteti“. erTxelac avwuwundiT: _ ras
gvaCumeb, Tavi gagvanebeo! da iciT ra Tqva?!. „xom
xedavT: transporti ar dadis, xelfasebi ar rig­
deba, am yinvaSi enTuziazmze modian adamianebi, rom
Cven gaunaTleblebi ar davrCeT da ra gWirT, Cu­
mad mainc isxediTo“. im dRes ki Segvrcxva da gasu­
sulebi vusmendiT maswavleblebs, mere dagvaviwyda,
ra Tqma unda, aCikos naTqvami, romelsac arc CanTa
dahqonda skolaSi, arc wigni da arc rame sakancel­
ario nivTi da mainc yovelTvis icoda gakveTili,
NAEC.GE
Tu maswavlebeli aiZulebda mis moyolas an daweras.
rac ar unda ucnaurad mogeCvenoT, am atributebis
tareba cota „gamosuli“ biWebisaTvis cud tonad
iTvleboda. sinamdvileSi es yvelaferi sabWoTa
periodis aw ukve logikas moklebuli gadmonaSTi
iyo, romelic post sabWoTa dros „kai biWebs“ mem­
kvidreobasaviT darCaT. Cevni babuebi skolaSi da­
diodnen mouwesrigeblebi protestis niSnad, isini
ar cnobdnen sabWoTa ganaTlebas, sabWoTa Rireb­
ulebebs da patara asakidanve rogorc SeeZloT, ise
ucxadebdnen reJims protests. magaliTad, zogier­
Ti maTgani ar atarebda wiTeli feris tansacmels
da nivTebs, zogi pomidorsac ar Wamda, radgan dro­
Sis Seferilobis gamo is reJimTan asocirdeboda.
samagierod „im“ Taobidan ar gadmogvyva yvelaze
mTavari: akrZaluli literaturis siyvaruli. al­
baT imitom, rom is 90-ian wlebSi akrZaluli aRar
iyo, magram gaCnda Zalian bevri pirveli gamocema.
am gamocemebis SeZena ki namdvilad erTgvar modur
tendenciad iqca da Tan imdenad, rom, magaliTad,
Tavisuflebis metros win, raRac periodSi, iyide­
boda bhagavat gita _ didi, feradi da lamazi wigni
da xalxi mis SesaZenad midioda mxolod imitom, rom
biblioTekisaTvis kidev erTi feradi da lamazi ga­
mocema Seematebina. es wignebi umravlesobam maSin
gadayara, roca saqarTveloSi iaRovas mimdevrebi
gaCndnen da aseve mSvenieri literaturis darigebas
ufasod Seudgnen.
yvelaze sensaciuri ki CemTvis da Cemi klaselebi­
saTvis germanulis pedagogi, frankfurtidan Camo­
yvanili katrini iyo. 1997 wels katrinis klasSi Se­
mosvlam Zalian imoqmeda me-10 klasel mozardebze.
es iyo pirveli Sexeba ucxoeTTan. katrinma gansxvave­
bul garegnobasTan erTad Semoitana gansxvavebuli
manerebi, qcevis wesebi, gansxvavebuli disciplina
da gakveTilis Catarebis meTodi. „kargaqcentiani“
germanuli enis garda yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac
man gvaswavla, RimiliT saubari iyo. gakveTilis
moyolas gagawyvetinebda, mogiaxlovdeboda, tuCis
kideebs agiwevda da aseve Rimiliani saxiT getyoda:
Bitte lache! ramdenjerac dagaviwydeboda moyolis
dros gaRimeba, imdenjer gagawyvetinebda Txrobas
63
NAEC.GE
da tuCis awevis proceduras gaimeorebda. ase rom,
gagvimarTla _ im iavarqmnil dros „sazogadoe­
basTan urTierTobis“ xelovnebasac ki maswavlidnen
skolaSi. am gamocdilebis gamo me da Cems klaselebs
yvelaze metad gagvexarda 2010 wels saxelmwifom
rom gadawyvita 1000 inglisurenovani pedagogis Ca­
moyvana saqarTveloSi da kidev is, saskolo olimpia­
daSi gamarjvebuli aTasi lariT rom jildovdeba.
Cven jer Tabaxis Tanxa unda gadagvexada da mere vi­
wyebdiT weras gayinul da uSno saklaso oTaxebSi.
albaT yvelaze metad dawyebiTi klasebis peda­
gogi amaxsovrdeba bavSvs, SeiZleba garegnulad
bundovnad, magram misgan wamosuli emocia, misiT
gamowveuli SegrZnebebi dauviwyaria. roca q-ni dea
gvalia dagvemSvidoba mesameklaselbs da sxva rome­
liRaca dawyebiTi klasis pedagogi gaxda, me didi
xnis ganmavlobaSi vinaxavdi mis samaxsovro werils,
romliTac ubralod warmatebebi misurva. maSin es
CemTvis iyo ulamazesi kaligrafiiT Sesrulebu­
li, umniSvnelovanesi dokumenti, romlis Sinaar­
sis mixedviT me kargi gogo viyavi da aseTad unda
davrCeniliyavi. raRac periodi am werilisa da misi
avtoris gamo vcdilobdi meswavla kargad. mere es
procesi inerciiT wavida da dRes Zalian minda isev
sadme vnaxo Cemi pirveli maswavlebeli da „gadava­
mowmo Tavi“ _ gavizarde Tu ara iseTi, rogoric mas
egona, gavamarTle Tu ara misi imedebi. ase mgonia,
64
zurgidanac rom davinaxo sadme, vicnob da Cavexute­
bi, rom odesRac, Rrma bavSvobidan damaxsovrebuli
misi siTbo davibruno. ocda raRaca weli gavida da
me mainc maxsovs misi yvela nakvTi da manera, sinaze
da siyvaruli. zogjer vfiqrob, sertificirebisas
pedagogis es Tvisebebic rom gakontroldes, ra kar­
gi iqneba! maSin yvela adamiani Cemnairi aRtacebiT
gaixsenebs Tavis „bavSvobas skolaSi“. amaswinad Cems
ZvelTaZvel dRiurSi amovikiTxe fraza: „dea masw,
mamam Cems naxats daxeda da miTxra: _ ra lamazi
angelozi dagixatavso? angelozi ar iyo, me Tqven
dagxateT“.
qeTi kvitatiani
giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi
NAEC.GE
`sabas~ laureati
literaturuli konkursis „sabas“ laureati `Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris~ TanamSromeli
marina elbaqiZe gaxda nominaciaSi - wlis saukeTeso prozauli debiuti. avtoris sadebiuto krebuli xuTi
moTxrobisagan Sedgeba. moTxrobebis nawili sxvadasxva dros literaturul periodikaSi daibeWda.
gacvla
_ amis dedac... _ wixlic miayola, loyaze da­
curebuli oflis wveTebi xelis zurgiT aiwminda
da manqanis kapoti braziT daaxeTqa. mazuTiT
gazinTuli xelisgulebi sajdomze Camoisva, _ dRes
araferi aRar eSveleba, saerTod Tu eSvela.
sergom gogis Tvalebs mzera aawyvita da
danjRreul viliss daaduRa.
_ iqneb... _ azris gamoTqma scada gogim.
_ ukve bneldeba, azri aRara aqvs, dRes mainc ver
wavalT. sibneleSi an isini gagvagoreben, an eseni. _
gadawyvetilebas iRebs paata. gogis imediani `iqneb~is sapasuxod paatas daskvna ergo: _ xval!
sul is iRebs gadawyvetilebas. sergo mxolod
mZRolia. TviTon? mokled, paata mTavaria. da
rac mTavaria, ra edardeba?! mis wvintlian, fafiT
gamomZRar Svilebs axla tkbilad sZinavT, qveS
Casvelebasac moaswrebdnen. gogis biWi ki... oRond
axla ipovos, oRond axla... da mere!.. ras izams
mere? Svilis sigrZe sanTels daunTebs RmerTs
Tu darajad ivlis mis fexdafex... ar icis, jer ar
icis, amaze ar ufiqria, magram oRond axla apovnina,
oRond cocxali... am fiqrs gaeqca, daemala sityva
`sikvdils~.
zRvaze CavideT, vibanaoT, mere eqimebTan avi­deT,
rames gvaWmeven da cota adamianurad daviZinebTo.
isev is wyvets, isev paata ugegmavs cxovrebas. misi
Svi­lis bedic am nabiWvris xelSia. magis dedac! mainc
mihyveba sanapiroze paatas da sergos, mxardamxar
ara, ramdenime nabijiT ukan. esmis, win mimavali
paata xval eqvs saaTze adgomas gegmavs; manqanas
dResve iSovis, uars ar etyvian. namdvilad iSovis,
magram am Rames ra gaaTenebs. ori Ramea, ar uZinia.
ra daaZinebs, cotas CaTvlems da mere elodeba
ganTiads, fiqris nakads damorCilebuli. mzes
gaxeda _ Cadis, namdvilad Cadis, esec nabiWvari!..
horizonts Seexo. da axla zRva, Camavali wiTeli
mziT, maZRari wiTliT da mkveTri konturebiT,
iaffasian naxts hgavs.
ukan mihyveba, paatas mxardamxar siaruli ar
unda, magram sam nabijze metad ar Sordeba, TiTqos
uxilavi mokle jaWviT dabmuli ZaRlia. is da misi
biWi axla paataze arian mibmuli, im adamianze, sami
dRis win rom naxa pirvelad da misi cxovrebis
nawilad iqca, misi bedis ganmsazRvrelad. sami
dRea, ar moSorebia, sami usasrulo dRe da roca
yvelaferi TiTqos gasrulda, axla isev! kidev! kidev
erTi Rame! ra gaaTenebs...
qviSiT da feradi kenWebiT moxatuli sanapiro
lamaz sareklamo fotos hgavs. qviSaSi Cajda,
Tbilia, jer ar ganelebia mzis siTbo. SiSveli fexebi
qviSis qveS moaqcia, nestiani sigrile esiamovna.
paata ixdis, wyalSi Cadio, mxarze xeli dahkra. misi
TanagrZnoba da mzrunveloba fexebze hkidia... da
mainc guli uCuydeba. ra mouvida am sam dReSi, xan
qvavdeba, xan ubralo Semoxedvaze, Sexebaze SeiZleba
atirdes. `magdanas lurja~ an `bembi~ rom naxos
axla, cxare cremlebad daiRvreba albaT, rogorc
bavSvobaSi.
_ Tqven ibanaveT, me eqimebTan waval. _ ambobs da
ar dgeba. eqimebTan wava, iq arCilia mTavari, mamami­
sis megobari. arCils daelaparakeba, marto paatas
ki ar SeuZlia manqanis Sovna. magram iq wasvlac aRar
unda. arCili, vikingiviT SemarTuli, wverebiani
goliaTi, dRes zRarbiviT mobuzuli ijda. misi
axalgazrda qirurgebidan erTs Wurvis natexi
moxvda TavSi da iqve gaafrTxobina suli. diliT
saoperacioSi esvenaT da ra vuTxra amis mSoblebso,
mobuzuli, gogis ekiTxeboda. gogis?! maSin pirve­lad
aRiara Tavisi SiSi sakuTar TavTan daufaravd, Riad
_ cocxalia Cemi Svili? paatam Tqva, cocxaliao da
daijera. icis, paata ar moatyuebs, yalbi gamxneveba
ar icis, sastiki da daundobelia.
sastiki? es mSvidobis mtredi? ra unda, ras
akeTebs aq? fuls ar iRebs, ise, uangarod Seyo
Tavi am jojoxeTSi. uangarod? fuls Tu ar iRebs
_ karieras ikeTebs! ra karieras, vin icis, ra iqneba
xval, an dRes, an rodis miafurTxeben magis mSvido­
bis TeTr Cvars da pirvel gasrolas sakontrolo­sac
miayoleben. ra jandaba unda, wavides saxlSi, uambos
sam wvintlian Svils zRapari, Caugordes cols
loginSi da kidev erTi bavSvi gaakeTos, janmrTeli
da jiSiani. ras agdia am sagiJeTSi Tavisi nebiT?
gaxeda _ saSualo simaRlis, dakunTuli, qoni jer
ar dasdebia. daedeba, TbilisSi rom dabrundeba, am
koleqtiur SizofreniaSi ara, sadme keTilmowyobil
kabinetSi. esec mojdeba keTildReobis Tbilisur
sazomSi, Tbilisur standartSi _ Ripi, manqana,
coli da sayvareli. es mere iqneba, an arc iqneba, Tu
marTla ideini mastia.
paataze aTiode wliT ufrosia da lamis bavSviviT
aris mis simSvides Sefarebuli. ra mniSvneloba aqvs
aT wels an ocs... aq, am sagiJeTSi, Torem.. TbilisSi
rom Sexvedroda!..
65
NAEC.GE
qviSaze dawva, esamovna Tbil-agrilebul silaze
beWebis gaSla. TavisTvis agdia. mzis darRveul
diskos gaxeda, ukve ferebad daRvrils, zRvaSi
naxevrad CayvinTuls. tirili mounda da arc
etireba, yvirili mounda, Rriali da verc eyvireba.
ra gaaTenebs am Rames, rodis amova mze, dReebad,
saaTebad, wuTebad, wlebad rom anawilebs mis
sicocxles? cota xans egdeba, mere ava, manqanas
iSovis da TviTon wava. vin aris es nabiWvari paata,
magis dedac.. Saise! erTi saaTis gzac ar aris, fexiT
wava. amaT ra edardebaT. ratom gadado paatam
xvalisTvis, ratom dRes ar midian? xom icis, rom
viRac biWi gamoiyvanes iqiTa mxridan... aba, misi
Svili iyos! ras erCis, misi Svilebi pampersebiT
darbian da jer omobanas TamaSic ki ar ician.
acofebs paatas mSvidi `diliT gavalT da gavi­
gebT~, lamis sifaTSi gauqanos. arada, xom unda iyos
viRaca am sayovelTao siSlegeSi mSvidi, garegnu­lad
mainc gawonasworebuli, Tundac cinikurad.
zRvas gaxeda, ufro paatas. sad jandabaSi
gacura, axla rom dabombon... paataze zrunavs Tu
Tavis Tavze? paatas sococxlezea axla misi Svilis
sicocxlec mibmuli.
paata Ronivrad usvams xelebs, micuravs, mi­
curavs... aseTive Ronieri, Zlieri nabijebiT mi­
uyveboda guSin romeliRac soflis Sragzas, mxarze
bostnidan amoZrobili sari hqonda gadebuli, zed
TeTri naWris nakuwi, abreSumis TeTri perangis
nagleji, Tu raRac amdagvari... mSvidobis TeTri
droSa! cariel Saragzas miuyvebodnen, ucxod
ukacriels... da maSin ikiTxa gogim, viTom mSvidad,
viTom sxvaTa Soris:
_ SeiZleba, gvesrolon?
_ wesiT, ar unda gvesrolon, gafrTxilebuli
arian. ise, yvelaferi SeiZleba. gaixede marjvniv,
zeviT, maRal xeebSi snaiperi zis.
gogis kiseri gauSeSda, Tavis mitrialebis ki
ara, Tvalebis daxamxamebis unaric dakarga. fexebic
TavisiT midiodnen, TiTqos misi ar iyvnen, erTiori, erTi-or... jobia, baRebiT wavideTo, gaifiqra.
undoda, paatas meore mxridan amosdgomoda, snaiperis
mzeras paatas dakunTul mxrebs ukan mimalvoda.
imwuTas imdeni Wkua mainc eyo, mimxvdariyo _ es ar
uSvelida. Tanac paataze erTi TaviT maRalia. axla
uxaria, mTlad rom ar waxda, ar Caisvara da paatas
mxardamxar gaagrZela nabijis Tvla: _ erTi, ori,
erTi...
is ki mainc dascda, baRebiT wavideTo. maSin ki
garantirebulia kolofis gaxvreta. ra kolofis,
ver xvdeba kisergaSeSebuli gogi. Tavis kolofis,
gaecina paatas. gacinebac rom SeuZlia?! iaraRsac
ar atarebs, mSvidobis mtredi, am TeTri Cvris imedi
aqvs?! me saomrad ara var aq, dauzusta paatam, Sen
miT umetes da iaraRi arc giSveliso. iaraRi ar
sWirdeba, ho, paata ar omobs, gacvlaze muSobs.
cvlis cocxlebs da micvalebulebs cocxlebze da
micvalebulebze. barteruli gacvla! xan vaWroben,
angariSoben, atoleben, ramdeni micvalebuli ram­den
micvalebuls an cocxals udris, xan ara. dRes ori
afxazi (cocxali!) unda gaecvalaT mis biWSi, kidev
or cocxalSi da kidev gadmoesvenebinaT TerTmeti
daRupuli. micvalebulebi gadmoasvenes, misi Svili
66
ki, da kidev is ori, sadRac gaqrnen. rogor Txrida
dRes saflavs?! panaSvidebze micvalebuls amxela
kaci dResac Tvals aridebs da saflavi gaTxara.
rogor Txrida?! TavdaviwyebiT! ho, TavdaviwyebiT,
lamis bednieri imiT, rom es misi Svilis samarxi
ar iyo. sul samni iyvnen, paata da gogi Txridnen,
damarxulebidan erT-erTis mama iqve ijda, ufro
ido miwaze da gogis eSinoda, isic iqve ar Semateboda
cxedrebs. ar unda wamoeyvanaT, magram TviTon
daiJina. sakuTari Svilis gaxrwnili, aqoTebuli
gvamis amoRebas ver gauZlebso, fiqrobda gogi.
ratomRac hgonia, danarCeni mamebi, mSoblebi,
TeTr elvaSesakravian tomaraSi SefuTul neSts
ufro moineleben, vidre es kaci _ Svilis saflavis
gaTxras. paatas aseTi ukve ramdenime aqvs gaTxrili.
ra aTxrevinebs, ra aZinebs Rame?! Tan rogor Rrmad
sZinavs, rogor mSvidad fSvinavs, sizmrebsac ki ar
xedavs, koSmarebze arc aris laparaki.
ho, TavdaviwyebiT Txrida gogi, Seusveneblad.
pirvelad maSin SeCerda buzebis zuzunma mkveTrad
rom imata da sunma, ucnaurma sunma... isev sityvis
SeeSinda _ `leSi~, `gvami~. SeCerda, icoda, bari
axla raRacas wamoedeboda... miwa rbili iyo, rbili
da fxvieri. mkerdidan muclisaken raRac marwuxma
daqaCa, Sercxva iqve migdebuli Svilmkvdari mamis,
imaTi, miwaSi rom iyvnen erTmaneTze miwyobili da
bariT unda amoeRo.
axla aq, sanapiroze, aRarc paatasi erideba
da aRarc sakuTari Tavis. laCrobaa, am sagiJeTSi
dafrTxe, atirde an sakuTari Tavi da adamianis
modgma gZuldes? moikunta, sxeuli daumZimda,
SigniT raRac Caekira mZimed, sulSi, TavSi...
sami dRis win ra hqonda am TavSi? erTi kviris
win, scenaze rom idga da tkbeboda taSiT, sakuTari
didebiT da im ori carieli skamiT darbazSi? ratom
hgonia, rom is ijda im skamze? guliT grZnobda,
sxeuliT da suliT. isev imas, im qals miawyda fiqri.
ho, mTeli sxeuliT SeigrZnobs, lamis xedavs, eli
zis mis gverdiT qviSaze. Tavi mis kalTaSi Cado da
gairinda. es dReebi gamudmebiT masze fiqrobs. mTeli
cxovreba fiqrobs, magram raRac sxvadasxvagvarad,
wyvetilad, axla ki aRar scildeba es survili _
Seexos, misi xelebis siTbo igZnos.
es bolo xanebi sul elize fiqrobs, namdvilad
halucinaciebi aqvs, xan xma esmis, xan eCveneba,
rom Tvali mohkra. aq, am sagiJeTSic, warsulis
qeqvas Tavs ar anebebs _ Tu ar fiqrobs, rogorRac
grZnobs, TiTqos sadRac iqvea. ra mounelebeli
danakargia aseTi elene, eli, ratom ver moiwyvita
da ver moswyda?
iqneb elize fiqrSi sxva fiqrs emaleba _ biWze.
kargi, biWze ifiqrebs, oRond mis bavSvobaze.
wkap! da gogim drois manqanis ekrani _ mexsiereba
_ Teqvsmetiode wliT ukan gadarTo. aq kadrebi
yvelaze mkafioa, aq bednieric ki iyo.
did ekranze uyurebs sakuTar Tavs. sZinavs, raRac
Tbili, webovani Sexeba aRviZebs. mkerdze rva Tvis
titlikana Svili awevs. bavSvi xelebiT eyrdnoba mis
mkerds, mere xels saxeze utyapunebs, Tavs ver ikavebs
da dadorblili tuCebiT mamis kiserSi emxoba. rbil
adgils eZebs, tuCebSi iqcevs, rogorc ZuZus. jer
ar uWamia, xvdeba gogi da am ucnaur Ritins iTmens.
NAEC.GE
es yvelaze gulis amaCuyebeli ojaxuri kadria misi
mogonebebis kinoTekaSi. qeTi sawolze muxlmoyrili
zis da icinis. ho, maSin bednieri iyo, qeTic ki
uyvarda, ise bunebrivad da gulwrfelad iyo
ganazebuli. kargi dedaa, verafers usayvedurebs.
sxvas _ aTas rames, magram amas vera. cdilobda qeTi,
bavSvis TvalisTvis moeridebina qmarTan jijRini
da Cxubi. mere, sul rom auries, biWis dasanaxad
mainc `Wirime-genacvaleTi~ elaparakeboda gogis.
magram biWi Wkviani da fiqriani gaizarda, yvelafers
kargad xvdeboda, TviTonac daiRalnen gaRimebuli
niRbebis miRma moTuxTuxe boRmis malviT. neta ras
fiqrobda mSoblebze biWi? viTom megobrobdnen,
magram amaze arasodes ulaparakiaT. isev Tavis ekrans
miubrunda, filmi imave kadridan gaagrZela: bavSvma
Tavi aswia, TvalebSi Caxeda da gairinda. gogis
fiqrobda, Svilis yuradReba misma saxem miipyro,
moulodnelad igrZno, patara Tbilma nakadulma
gadaurbina mkerdidan yelze. _ damafsi?! lamis isev
gaimeoros maSindeliviT, sunsac ki grZnobs axla,
Cvilis fisebis surnels. es sxva ramesac izams,
icinis qeTi da xelSi ahyavs bavSvi.
isev _ wkap! da erTi kviris winandel droSi
dabrunda. kargi ramea mexsiereba, Senia, rac iyo guSin,
SarSan, didi xnis winaT. ara, ra aris amaSi kargi _ rom
ver iSoreb, ver iviwyeb, ver Sli warsuls mexsierebis
firidan? erTi kviris win scenaze idga, aRiarebiT
da didebiT mTvrali. mTlad ar gadareula, magram
taSis quxilSi guli aCqarebiT ucemda, siamovnebda
ritmuli Sriala-mquxare xma da im wuTs sjeroda,
rom didi msaxiobia, msoflioSi saukeTeso hamleti.
aha, movida dideba! manamdec ki iyo popularuli,
ase, Tbilisur farglebSi, magram ufro sifaTis
gamo. ra gaakeTa mniSvnelovani, SemCnevis Rirsi?
ZiriTadad dadebiT gmirebs TamaSobda _ wiTlebs
an socialistebs, ideisTvis Sewirul keTilSobil
intiligentebs. saxec egeTi aqvs _ dadebiTi. ise,
sakuTari sifaTiT da sxva danarCeni nawilebiTac
kmayofilia, sarkeSi sakuTari Tavis Tvalierebac
uyvars. asakTan erTad sarkesTan urTierToba
cota gaurTulda. xan amayad uyurebs sarkeSi Tavis
anarekls, mxrebs, muclis press, grZel fexebs da
uxaria _ jer kidev biWuraxalgazrdul kategoriaSi
gadis. xandaxan (iSviaTad!) SiSi Seepareba xolme, rom
is mcire cvlilebebi, asakis mimaniSnebeli xazebi
saxeze amieridan ufro mkveTri gaxdeba, daxvewili
formebic Seicvleba. da erT dRes sarkeSi imis
karikaturas dainaxavs, riTac adre ase iwonebda
Tavs. ratom karikatura, xom arian asakovani, xnieri
simpaTiuri kacebi da qalebi?! zogi asakSi ufro
simpaTiur da Rirseul gamometyvelebas iZnes,
vidre axalgazrdobaSi iyo. `ara, umravlesoba mainc
Tavisi gamosaxulebis karikatura xdeba asakSi~, _
fiqrobs gogi. aseT wuTebSi Tvals aridebs sakuTar
gamosaxulebas sarkeSi da qalebze iwyebs fiqrs. roca
qali moswons, TvalebSi uyurebs xolme, mzeras ar
aridebs, pirdapir TvalebSi umzers gaxaverdebuli,
momnusxveli mzeriT da janmrTel kbilebsac far­
Tod rom gamoaCens gulRia Rimilis niSnad, sapasuxo
Rimilis Semdeg icis _ qali dabmulia, SeiZleba
yvelaferze wamsvleli arc iyos, magram misi
ocnebebis nawili gogis eqneba dasakuTrebuli.
hoda, sakmaodac hyavda qalebi, magram, ise,
SemTxveviT gadayrilebi _ ara! mis kacur Rirsebas,
SemTxveviTi, iaffasiani qalebi ver axareben. ise,
erTi-ori egeTic SeiZleba gaixsenos, magram...
mokled, ubralod vneba da seqsi ar hyofnis, kidev
raRac unda miiRos qalisagan. kidev raRac. bolos
vin iyo, vin CarCa TavSi bolo droidan? doiCe!
germanuli literaturis specialisti. lamazi ara,
magram Svgvremani da eSxiani. am eSxian qals, gogize
karga ufrosi rom iyo, magram patara gogosaviT
gamoiyureboda, germanulis saswavleblad miebara.
maswavlebeli ki aswavlida germanuls, magram
moswavle warmatebiT isxletda codnas. cota xanSi
orive mixvda, rom bedisweram germanulis ki ara,
erTmaneTis sxeulis Sesaswavlad gadakveTa maTi
gzebi. hoda, germanuli vera, magram qalis eSxisa da
dafaruli silamazis aRmoCena da dafaseba ki iswavla.
ise, bolos cota daudevrad ki eqceoda am faruli
silamazisa da mgrZnobiare sulis qals, doiCes rom
ar ekuTvnoda, ise. roca rame swyinda doiCes, Tvalebi
uwyliandeboda da gogisTvis gaugebar aCqarebul
germanulze daurtyamda xolme raRac tiradas. aba,
miTargmne, icinoda gogi. iswavle germanuli da Sen
TviTon iTargmne. xan arafers ityoda da brazianad
daaxeTqebda: _ Saise! es ki icoda gogim: `nexvi!~.
riT daaba doiCem? kargad navarjiSebi, mkvrivi
ukanali ki hqonda, magram kidev raRac iyo masSi
_ sevdiani cinizmi, Wkvianic iyo. da kidev raRac
gaaxsenda, lamis amayad naTqvami: `magaT tansacmelSi
gavizarde~. isev raRac gulisamaCuyebelma Seaxsena
Tavi. es is dRe iyo, lamis dilidan saRamomde rom
alodina doiCe. TviTon doiCe yvelafers gadadebda
xolme, rogorc ki gogi daurekavda. gogi xandaxan
SeTanxmebul Sexvedraze saerTod ar midioda an
agvianebda, ganrisxebuli doiCe wyenas male iviwyebda
da ufro vnebiani xdeboda. es erTgvar gamocdasaviT
iyo da gogi kmayofili askvnida, giJdeba Cemzeo.
hoda, gvian saRamos rom mivida, doiCes germanuli
daxvewilobiT gawyobili magida rom aiTvisa da
gabutuli satrfos aTvisebac rom daapira, maSin
dareka doiCes biZaSvilma _ bavSvisTavis wamlis
fuli undoda. doiCe, masze gagiJebuli da masTan
loginSi CawolisTvis lamis sulis gamyidveli
(darwmunebuli iyo gogi!), wamoxta, Caicva da gavarda,
xuT wuTSi davbrundebio. naxevar saaTSi dabrunda,
mapatieo, ratomRac loyaze akoca da maSin Tqva,
lamis amayad, magaT tansacmelSi gavizardeo. da am
sityvebs bavSvobis mogonebac daamata _ uWirda mis
martoxela dedas, ufrosi biZaSvilebi aWmevdnen da
acmevdnen patara biZaSvils. gamonacvals Cuqnid­
nen, magram gemovnebiT SerCeuls. arc imCnevdnen,
rom sxva ufro axlo naTesavisagan (mamisagan)
uaryofili iyo. axla imaT uWirT, doiCes ki fulic
aqvs da maTi mzrunvelobac axsovs, hoda, mzad
aris, loginidan wamoxtes da gogis damadlebulgamozomili yuradRebidan kidev moiklos imaTi
xaTriT. Tavis sayvarel germaniaSi saTarjimnod
da raRac saqmian-literaturul Sexvedrebze rom
daiareboda, biZaSvilebisTvis saCuqrebis Camotana
ar aviwydeboda. arc gogisTvis! ara, rogor ubralod
da gulRiad Tqva, lamis amayad: _ magaT tansacmelSi
gavizarde. lamazi ara, magram Zalian eSxiani! hoda,
67
NAEC.GE
viRac germanelma daiTria da gauTxovda berlinSi,
bohemur ubanSi, postmodernist Tu raRac amdagvar
mjRabnels gahyva. guli daswyda gogis. xandaxan
axsendeba da ise, gulsgareT rom brazdeba, naRvlian
gunebazed rom dgeba, TviTonac boRmian `Saises~
daaxeTqebs xolme. maine doiCe frau, ra damrCa
Sengan? ramdenime germanuli sityva, kidev raRac
sevdis kvali, sxva sevdas rom aRvivebs, rogorc
naperwkali cecxls. sxva?
qalidan qalze ise inacvlebs, TiTqos saxlisken
mimavali gzis ZebnaSi erTi bilikidan meoreze
gadaexetao. daxetialebs da eZebs maTSi raRacas.
gadanawilebuli aqvs is raRac ramdenime qalSi.
doiCes funqcia seqsis garda inteleqtualobanas
TamaSi da cinikuri saubrebi iyo; colTan, loginis
garda, aRaraferi rCeboda gasaziarebeli da
saTqmel-safiqrali; ocnebebisa da fantaziebis
samyaro elis ekuTvnoda. ver moagrova erT
qalSi yvelaferi, nawil-nawil unda Seirgos. ai,
elisTan rom iyo, adre, diidi xnis winaT, maSin iyo
yvelaferi: sisrule, harmonia!.. raime ironiulis
da enamoswrebulis gafiqreba moindoma, magram arc
survili eyo amisaTvis da arc Sesabamisi citatebis
maragi.
qeTis gadaswvda isev fiqri, cols, Tanamecxedres.
masTan saCxubrad ufro iclida, vidre masze
safiqrelad. ratom?
uzrunveli cxovreba hqonda gogis, TiTqmis,
TiTqos. fuliani mama, mosiyvarule deda _ araferi
misi sazrunavi da sadardeli. mere garantirebuli
studentoba Teatralur institutSi da ara
samedicinoSi,
mamis
daJinebuli
mcdelobis
miuxedavad. rogor moaxerexa Tavisi gaetana?
icoda, eqimi arasodes gamovidoda misgan, sisxlis
danaxvaze dResac lamis guli misdis. didi msaxiobi
xom gamovida?! ratomac ara, hqonda, mTavari ara,
magram SesamCnevi da dadebiTi rolebi TeatrSi,
erTi-orjer filmSic moxvda _ lamazi biWis rolSi!
kidev ra hqonda? `kai Tbiliseli biWis~ tituli,
megobrebis didi nakrebi, qeifebi da lamazi qalebis
yuradReba. zomierad, imijis Sesalamazeblad
ZvelbiWoba, oRond usafrTxoebis normebis dacviT.
dResac kidev biWis rolSia, ormocs ki gadaabija.
araferi uSualod ar exeboda, TiTqos saTburis
Tu nakrZalis binadari iyo. misi cxovrebis gareT
Tu rame ar iyo wesrigSi, raRac guls miRma rCeboda,
misi tkivili ar iyo. egoistis Tavdacvis meqanizmi!
ase auxsna doiCem. erTaderTi, rac marTla stkioda
lamis mTeli cxovreba, is gogo iyo, mere qali _
elidan eleneSi gadazrdili, odesRac misi, axla
sxva kacis, sadRac sxva saxlSi, sxva loginSi da
mainc misi! es ise, gulis siRrmeSi, sxvebisTvis
dafarul-damaluli, maine doiCe fraus mier odnav
gamoqeqil-gamomzeurebuli. doiCe maSin mis sulSi
qeqvis gasagrZeleblad iaffasian infantiluridealistur filosofiur platformaze Camoskupda
da Tqva, normalur kacs (da qalsaco!) Tu unda,
rom WeSmariti cxovrebiT icxovros, erTi mudam
sanatrel-saocnebo adamiani unda hyavdes gulis
siRrmeSi, mudam viRac misTvis mniSvnelova­
nis yuradRebis misaqcevad da mosanadireblad
un­
da iyos momarTuli da maSin Seqmnis raRac
68
Rirebulso. is erTi sanatreli unda arsebobdes,
magram, cxadia, sxva paraleluri qalis da kacis
gverdiTo. cinikosi. mere sul moibavSva Tavi da
gaagrZela, sicocxleSi pirvelad Tu imas akoce,
vinc giyvarda, magra gagimarTlao, Tu pirvelad
im qalTan iweqi, vinc giyvarda, bozTan ki ara, an
vinme qalTan imis Sesamowmeblad hormonebi wesrigSi
maqvs Tu arao, aramed sayvarel qalTan, kidev ufro
magra gagimarTalao, kacad Camoyalibebis ambavSi.
dartymuli! xoda, Tavisnairi dartymulic ergo _
viRac germaneli franti!
doiCes filosofiiT, magari bednieri kacia.
pirveli qali mis cxovrebaSi eli iyo da uyvarda,
magra uyvarda, ise, ise... sxvas veravis xedavda, veravis
grZnobda. axsovs, yvelaferi axsovs; Tvalebs rom
xuWavs, im wuTebs, wamebs xedavs, grZnobs TiToeul
Sexebas, suns.. elis sxeulze yvela xazs, formas...
am SegZnebebiT cxovrobs didi xania. am TiTqos
tkiviliT, TiTqos tkbeba. eSiania, am SegrZnebebs
simZafre ar daakldes. Tu dakarga romelime
detali, feri, surneli, maSin raRac damTavrdeba da
raRac sxva mova. ra sibere? amis eSinia? ara, raRac
sxva, sxva daakldeba. sakuTar Tavs dakargvs, sulis
yvelaze mTavar da mniSvnelovan nawils. arc ki icis,
ra aris, magram grZnobs.
ise, bolo wlebSi ufro wyvetilad axsendeboda
eli _ roca Tvals mohkravda sadme, roca nacnobi
suni an xma, raRac an viRac Seaxsenebda. es bolo
dReebi ki sul elize fiqrobs, sadRac tvinis Tu
sxeulis siRrmeSi kodirebuli warsuli gafxizlda,
garealurda. is dRec!
elis oTaxSi iatakze, wignebiT da rveulebiT
mofenil xaliCaze gogoebi sxedan _ pirvelkurseli
studentebi gamocdebisaTvis emzadebian. gogoebi
JiJineben, cekvaven, maimunoben. mokle, Wreli
qvedatani da Jolosferi maisuri minimalurad
faravs elis lamaz sxeuls. oci wlis win misi
Semotkecil-mWaxeferebiani samosi Tamam Cacmad
iTvleboda da eli saxlSi, megobrebSi tkbeboda
sakuTari sxeulis demonstrirebiT. gogi kuTxeSi
ijda da bednierebisagan Tvreboda. mere zemodan
zazam, kidev erTma gamocdis momzadebis wyurviliT
Sepyrobilma studentma CamosZaxa, CemTan amodi­
To da gogoebi waCerCetdnen. elim oTaxis milageba
moindoma da eli da gogi marto darCnen elis oTaxSi
da maSin pirvelad akoca qals da Tanac im qals, vinc
uyvarda. doiCe fraus TeoriiT, magra gaumarTla,
kacad Camoyalibebis ambavSi. maSin am Teoriis
Sesaxeb araferi icoda, magram bednieri rom iyo,
amas ki bolomde da safuZvlianad grZnobda. mere,
zazasTan rom avidnen, xan Tvals aridebdnen, xan
veRar awyvetdnen mzeras erTmaneTs. grZnobda gogi,
rogor evseboda sxeuli siTboTi, grZnobda, igive
emarTeboda elis da yvelaze STambeWdavi es iyo _
grZnobde imas, Tu ras grZnobs sayvareli qali.
mere iyo sxva danarCeni yvelaferi _ Ria,
daufaravi vnebiT avsebuli sxeulebi, ndoba,
samaradJamo erTgulebis da siyvarulis fici da
a.S. rogorc xdeba xolme siyvarulis saymawvilo
asakSi. mTeli sivrce iyo garSemo damuxtuli _
mzera, Sexeba, sunTqva, Rimili, terfi, Tma, TiTebi,
suli... yvelaferi SegrZnebadi da Sexebadi, uxilavi
NAEC.GE
da xiluli. iyo erTi mTliani netareba warmosaxviT
dawyebuli, mzera-SexebiT gagrZelebuli da ukon­
trolod, Riad amoxeTqili saalerso sityvebiT
damTavrebuli.
ho, raRac msgavsi TiTqos merec iyo, magram mainc
rogorRac gaazrebul-gamozomil-gaTvlili. mere
gaizarda, dakacda da wvintlebsac aRar uSvebda.
magram survili da fiqri mainc darCa. sadRac,
sulis romeliRac bnel yuTSi bedisweris manqanam
Caawikwika: eli _ Seni cxovrebis mTavari qali!
Canaweri waSlas ar eqvemdebareba!
ara, mainc sad hqonda im patara elis imdeni
risxva da Zala, rom erTi xelis mosmiT, ara, xelis
erTi moqneviT, daengria yvelaferi, daesrulebina?!
magram ambavi ar sruldeba, maSinac, viTom
wertili rom dasvi da Caabare warsuls. gogisTvis
ar sruldeba, ver Seelia am danakargs. ratom? imi­
tom, rom araferi miuwvdomeli da mouxelTebeli
ar iyo misTvis, imitom, rom SeCveuli ar iyo uars
da uaryofas, imitom, rom sul Tvrameti wlis
iyo da sjeroda grZnobebis maradiulobis da
aseTi sisuleleebis?! imitom, rom dakarguli da
miuwvdomeli ufro Zvirfasia?! ra iqneboda, elisTan
erTad rom gagrZelebuliyo misi cxovreba, maSinac
ase mZafri iqneboda misi survilebi?
mainc ratom fiqrobs am dReebSi, aq, yvelaze mets
im Soreul ambebze, TiTqmis oci wlis winandelze,
iqneb im mounelebel danakargze fiqriT am axlis
SiSs gaurbis?!
neta mis Svils gaumarTla? iyo qalTan, romelic
uyvarda? an qalTan saerTod? ar icis. ra icis Tavis
Svilze? biWi im asakSia, ramxelac TviTon iyo maSin. ra
icis Tavis Svilze? axla sul misi bavSvoba axsendeba,
Semdgomi wlebidanac axsendeba raRac, magram
rogorRac fermkrTali, gacrecili mogonebebia.
fiqriani, lamazi biWi, xandaxan TavgatexildaCeCqvilic mosula saxlSi, ufro xSirad, vidre
TviTon imave asakSi. ar wuwunebda, bevrs arafers
yveboda. kargi urTierToba hqondaT, ki, megobruli.
ra aris megobruli urTierToba SvilTan? azradac
ar mosvlia, rom mis biWs SeeZlo, Tofi Tu avtomati
aeRo da saomrad wasuliyo. TviTon ratom ar
mouvida azrad saomrad wasvla _ samSoblosaTvis
brZola?! ar mouvida, ar mouvidoda, miaCnda, rom
amisTvis arc agresia hyofnida, arc siZulvivli d
arc sibriyve. omze da politikaze rom iwyebdnen
msjelobas, ar undododa gamoCeniliyo suleli,
romelsac azri ar gaaCnia, magram eCveneboda,
rom is raRac msjelobebi ufro suleluri iyo.
mosaubreTa yalbi paTetika da konformizmi
aRizianebda da erCivna eTqva, ar vici, ar mesmiso.
cota daZabuli ki ambobda am sityvebs. da erCivna,
arc scodnoda. ho, erCivna, qeTisaTan eCxuba, mere
saxlidan gabrazebuli gavardniliyo, megobrebSi
eqeifa, vinme qalTan romani gaeba da ewuwuna, rom
Tavisi mTavari roli jer ar uTamaSia, rom sabWoTa
reJimma masSi didi msaxiobis gafurCqvnas Sansi ar
misca. da, aha, misi droc dadga _ hamleti! oriode
kviris win premiera Sedga. gogi _ daniis princi!
rogori siRrmiT ambobda, dagemovnebiT _ yofna...
aryofna... darwmunebuli iyo, hamletis mSfoTvare
suls da dafarul sibrZnes yvelaze ukeT Cavwvdi
da vaxmovanebo. romeli sibrZne?! hamleti patara,
dabneuli biWia, upasuxo kiTxvebiT, eWvebiT; naw­
yeni da Seuracxyofili, enakvimatobis, cinizmsa
da naTamaSevi sigiJis miRma umweobasa da SiSs rom
malavs.
yofna-aryofna?! vidre gogi am kiTxvaSi mTel
Tavis ormocwlian cxovrebiseul sibrZnes aqsovda,
misi Svili am kiTxvaze pasuxis saZebrad afxazeTSi
saomrad wavida. gogis ki hamletoba undoda,
hamletoba ara, hamletis roli, scena, darbazi,
yvavilebi, taSi. brZnuli paTetikiT ara, agdebuli
ironiiT gaarkvevs Semdeg speqtaklze, yofnaaryofnis sakiTxs.
im saRamos ki, scenis kuTxeSi brZnulad Ca­
momjdars, darbazisaken malulmzeramimarTuls,
moeCvena, rom eli ijda mesame Tu meoTxe rigSi.
namdvilad dainaxa, scenaze aTamaSebulma sinaTlem
mayurebelTa rigebs rom gadaurbina. mere, daS­vebuli
xaverdis fardis win kidev erTxel rom gavida Tavis
dasakravad, is skami, sadac savaraudod eli ijda,
carieli dalanda. ukve gavidao, ifiqra, me rom ar
damenaxao. „me Sen erTxel miyvardi. me Sen erTxel...~
ai, amiT ki hgavs hamlets _ halucinaciebiT. Txzavs
TavisTvis, rac unda da TviTonve ijerebs. „moixsenie
Sens locvebSi, hoi, feriav, Cemi codvebi...“
erTi kviris win speqtaklidan saxlSi dabru­
nebuls deda da qeTi TvalebdawiTlebuli daxvdnen.
savarZlis kideze damfrTxali gogo ijda, misi
Svilis megobrebidan romeliRaca. gogom gogisac
CamouTvala biWebis _ afxazeTSi, samSoblos
dasacavad gaparuli razmis wevrebis _ sia. gogo
dabneuli iyo, ar icoda, es ambavi amayad da
idumalebiT aRsavse xmiT da saxiT unda eTqva, Tu
ubedurebis gamomxatveliT.
gogis gaecina, lamis gadaixarxara, mere gaCumda
da ase iyo didxans. qeTic dumda, xmas ar iRebda,
skamze ijda da win da ukan irweoda. biWs rom rame
daemarTos, ver gadaitans, SeSinda gogi.
pirvelad dafiqrda, rom erT patara qveyanaSi
SeiZleba erT kuTxeSi isrodnen da erTmaneTs
xocavdnen da imave dros meoreSi _ speqtakls
TamaSobdnen da mis sayureblad dadiodnen. sami
dRis Semdeg ambavi Camoitanes frontis xazidan,
biWi tyved Cavarda da jerjerobiT cocxali da
uvnebeliao. saxlSi nacnobi da ucnobi xalxi gadigamodioda, telefoni gamudmebiT rekda da miagnes
viRac paatas, romelic raRac komisias, anu tyveTa
gacvlas xelmZRvanelobs. ori dRiT afxazeTidan,
omidan Camosuli paata male isev omSi midioda.
fuli, kidev fuli da kidev yvela amqveyniuri
sikeTe SesTavazes biWis dabrunebis sanacvlod.
paatam, araviTari fuli, es Cemi saqmeao. mokled,
Tqveni fuli erT adgilaso!.. da gogim aseve mokled
_ mec wamovalo. paata daeTanxma, SemeSvelebio.
gogis Seuvalma saxem daiTanxma Tu marTla rameSi
gamoadgeboda, ar icis gogim.
gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi
69
NAEC.GE
akakis mcveli
„visac
sxvitoris
saxl-muzeumSi
(oRond
bavSvobisas) akakis fexsacmeli unaxavs Znelad Tu
moaxdens rame ufro grandiozul STabeWdilebas
masze. Tanac mTeli cxovrebis manZilze, ramde­
nadac is fexsacmeli masTan erTad izrdeba da
TandaTanobiT, Zneli dasajerebeli xdeba, Tundac
akakiviT axovansa da warmosadeg adamains, rom ecva
odesRac da ara adamianis saxiT movlenil RvTaebas.
dRes rom is fexsacmeli saqarTveloSi Camoataron,
aravis moergeba albaT, CateviT ki yvelani
CaveteviT Sig, rogorc bibliur kidobanSi“ _ ase
aRwers akaki wereTlis saxl-muzeumSi miRebul
STabeWdilebebs sityvis kidev erTi ukvdavi ostati
oTar WilaZe.
riis mqone TanamSromlis dRe maSin iwyeba, roca
Cveulebisamebr kibeebs aivlis da wereTlebis sasax­
lis kars gaaRebs. im sasaxlis kars, romelSic Ta­
vadac daibada da gaizarda.
klara maWaraSvilis cxovrebis mTavri xazi
TiTqos mis dabadebamde ganisazRvra. deda were­
Tlebis saxlSi cxovrobda da muSaobda. bavSvobis
wlebi zemo imereTis erT-erT ulamazes sofelSi
didi mgosnis sasaxleSi gaatara. muzeumis gaxsnis
Semdeg maWaraSvilebi iqve, axlos, mezoblad gadav­
idnen. Turme patara klara muzeumis pirvel stum­
rebs eqskursiamZRolobas uwevda. saxl-muzeumi ki
sofel sxvitorSi, wereTlebis sagvareulo saxlSi
1940 wels gaixsna. adgils, sadac daibada da garda­
icvala, sakuTar TavgadasavalSi ase aRwers mwerali:
„Cixuris pirad, maRlobze sdgas orsarTuliani
qviTkiris saxli. am uSno Senobas simaRle patara
koSkisa aqvs, sigrZe darbazisa da sisqe _ cixis, magram
arc erT maTgans ki ar hgavs! ai, am saxlSi davbadebulvar me 9 ivniss, ganTiadisas, 1840-Si, Tumca naTlobis
mowmobad 1841 miweria.“
„bibliur kidobanSi“ sakuTari SemoqmedebiT
akaki wereTelma marTlac mTeli saqarTvelo Ca­
tia. Catia miuxedavad imisa, rom WilaZis „akaki“
kacisaTvis iseve didia, rogorc zogadad adami­
anisaTvis _ dedamiwa. am „dedamiwaze“ ki yvelas
Tavisi wili „akaki“ hyavs da yvelas Tavisi „akaki“
uyvars. Tavisi akaki hyavs da akakic gansakuTrebu­
lad uyvars wereTlis saxl-muzeumis erT-erT mec­
nier TanamSromels, bibliograf klara maWaraSvil­
sac.
_ akakis fexis zoma iyo 45, simaRle 184 santimetiri _ akaki iyo axovani, warmosadegi da iSviaTi
garegnobis. _ klara maWaraSvili akakis garegnobisa
da cxovrebis aqamde ucnob detalebs gansakuTreb­
uli emociiT yveba. misTvis aq yvelaferi nacnobi
da axlobelia. muzeumis TiTqos erT-erTi rigiTi,
magram amave dros yvelasagan gansxvavebuli isto­
70
axovanisa da warmosadegis, mxiarulisa da sev­
dianis, magram mainc yvelasaTvis ubralod akakis
suli da mravalaferovani buneba gansakuTrebulad
mis mSobliur saxlSi igrZnoba: palto, cilindri,
qolga, mundStuki, safule, ukanasknelad SeWrili
Tma, Wogriti, saqaRalde, naxatebi _ yvelaferi is,
rasac mwerali cxovrebSi exeboda, axla samuzeumo
eqsponati gaxda da ukve istoriis nawilia.
_ es is akvania, romlic sxvitorelma da savanelma glexebma akakis iubileze miarTves. ai, es
sarke gaxsovT, „Cem TavgadasavlSi“ patara akaki mamam sarkeSi rom Caaxeda? _ ukve albaT meramdened,
magram TiTqos pirvelad hyveba mwerlis biblio­
grafi: „dRes sasaxlis oTaxebsac da nivTebsac iseTive ganlageba aqvs, rogoric wlebis win. mdebareoba arc italiuri avejisaTvis SeucvliaT. isev ise
dgas magida, romelzec Tornike erisTavi daiwera,
aqvea kalamic, romelsac sityvasTan erTad mwerali
NAEC.GE
„iaraRad“ xmarobda. yvelaze xSirad akakis oTaxSi
Semovdivar. aq, sadac akaki wereTeli gardaicvala,
araferi Secvlila, oRond sanTeli, romelic mgosnis cxovrebis bolo wuTebSi enTo aRarasdros anTebula. saaTic im droze gaCerda, roca mweralma
bolojer amoisunTqa. dRe akakize fiqriT iwyeba da
sruldeba, TiTqos dReebi erTmaneTs unda hgavdes,
magram yoveli wami gansxvavebulia da erTnairad
Zvirfasi. CemTvis yvelaze metad is droa Rirebuli,
romelsac akakis Semoqdebisa da cxovrebis Seswavlas vuTmob“.
klara maWaraSvilma profesiac iseTi airCia,
„mgosnisaTvis“ ufro kargad rom gaego. universite­
tis damTavrebis Semdeg mSobliur sofels daubrun­
da da muzeumSi muSaoba daiwyo. saxli, romelSic
daibada, misi samsaxuri gaxda.
_ Tqven rom axla mkiTxoT, muzeumi SenTvis samsaxuria Tu saxli, ver gipasuxebT, aqauroba CemTvis
yvelaferia _ adgili, sadac Tavs yvelaze kargad
vgrZnob.
mTeli cxovreba cdilobs, rac SeiZleba meti
informacia Seagrovos mwerlis Sesaxeb. bibli­
og­
rafi amJamad sasaxlis istoriaze muSaobs. ikvlevs
im masalebs, romlebic muzeumSi inaxeba. fondebSi
daculia mniSvnelovani xelnawerebi: mecxramete
saukunis pirvel naxevarSi gadawerili „qarTlis
cxovreba“ da sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikoni.
klara maWaraSvils Svilebi ar hyavs, rogorc
TviTon ambobs, didi mwerlis nivTebs ise uvlis,
rogorc Svilebs. Tvlis, rom Tavad, iseve, rogorc
mTeli saqarTvelo didi akakis STamomavalia.
_ Tqven rom akakis saxlSi ar dabadebulxarT, xom
giyvarT akaki? _ Cems kiTxvas kiTxviTve pasuxobs, _
akaki mTeli saqarTvelos kuTvnilebaa. xom gaxsovT
nodar dumbaZis sityvebi: „mzesa da geniosebs ori
Tviseba aqvT: orive naTelia da orive sicocxlis Semoqmedia _ axla me mzeze ki ara, akakize mogaxsenebTo ...“
_ CemTvisac es mze yovelTvis anaTebs.
muzeumis kars yvelaze gvian klara maWarSvi­
li ketavs. saxlamde sul ramdenime metris gavla
sWirdeba. samsaxuridan dabrunebulma 5 mamalsa da
13 dedals unda aWamos. marto cxovrobs da yov­
elTvis eSinia, saxlSi roca ar iqneba, romelime fr­
inveli qorma ar waiyvanos an meliam ar SeuWamos.
unda saojaxo saqmes male morCes da meore dRes isev
akakis aCrdilTan Sesaxvedrad moemzados. akaki xom
„kacisaTvis iseve didia, rogorc zogadad adamian­
isaTvis _ dedamiwa“ _ am „dedamiwaze“ ki yvelas
Tavisi wili „akaki“ hyavs da yvelas Tavisi „akaki“
uyvars.
Teiko anjafariZe
gamoyenebulia
saqarTvelos erovnul arqivSi
daculi fotomasala
71
NAEC.GE
saswavlo olimpiadaSi gamarjvebuli
nawarmoebebi
saswavlo olimpiadis mesame turSi gadasul bavSvebs 2013 wels „gamocdebis erovnuli
centris“ qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufma amgvari davaleba SesTavaza:
gaagrZeleT dawyebuli ambavi da dawereT moT­xroba.
`gverdi carieli iyo. mxolod marjvena kuTxeSi ewera: „mas, vinc erTxel davkarge,
raTa samudamod mepova“. momdevno gverdi gadaSala da kiTxva daiwyo:“
gTavazobT gamarjvebul moswavleTa or namuSevars.
I
qveda asakobrivi jgufi
Tamar mesabliSvili
rusTavis 24-e qarTuli gimnazia
17. 05. 2003
dRes deda mokvda. mamam miTxra, Savi kaba unda Caicvao, me ki vardisferi ufro min­
doda. mere tirili daviwye. deidam Tqva, bavSvi codoao da vardisferi kaba Camacves.
uamravi xalxi movida. yvela mkocnida da meubneboda, rom deda axla cidan miyurebs.
me, ra Tqma unda, ar davijere _ ufrosebi matyuara xalxia. dedac aseTi iyo, sul meub­
neboda _ arasodes migatovebo.
17. 05. 2004
erTi weli gavida, rac deda mokvda. masze isev vbrazob, magram yvavilebi mainc vuyide.
maswavlebelma miTxra, rom dedisTvis unda viloco. me locva ar miyvars imitom, rom
ucnauri sityvebiT unda ilaparako da iseTi saxe miiRo, viTom yvelaferi gesmis.
17. 05. 2005
ori weli gavida. mamas sul daaviwyda es dRe, albaT imitom, rom sxva „deda“ gvyavs.
dRes pirveli musikis gakveTili mqonda. meubnebian, rom dedas vgavar da Zalian niWieri
var. me ki vfiqrob, rom musika Zalian mosawyenia, Tanac moxuci maswavlebeli myavs da
sul Cxubobs.
17. 05. 2013
deda! ukve aTi weli gavida… es bloknoti SemTxveviT vipove da gadavwyvite, kidev
erTxel Camewera...
jer mxolod TxuTmeti wlis var, magram ukve cnobili pianisti gavxdi. es ki mxolod
Seni damsaxurebaa. me megona, rom dagkarge, rom veRarasdros gnaxavdi, magram yovelTvis,
roca pianinos mivujdebi, vxvdebi, rom aq xar, CemTan...
Sen me damitove TiTebis magia...
Sen me damitove musika sulSi...
mapatie, rom aseTi suleli viyavi bavSvobaSi. mapatie, rom damaviwydi.
me mxolod axla mivxvdi, rom klaviSebis msgavsad adamianebic an TeTrebi varT, an
Savebi. mivxvdi, rom mxolod erTad SegviZlia SevqmnaT RvTaebrivi melodia, rom samyaro
pianinoa, viRaca ki jadosnuri xelebiT ukravs...
ici? me dRes mivxvdi, rom miyvarxar, deda...
72
NAEC.GE
II
zeda asakobrivi jgufi
Teona sexniaSvili
Telavis me-9 sajaro skola.
„mas, vinc erTxel davkarge,
raTa samudamod mepova.“
maSin 13 wlis viyavi... skolaSi davdiodi. socializmis WeSmarit principebze gvzrdid­
nen...
maxsovs, erT saRamos saxlSi mimiyvane, kari magrad Cakete da isteriulad daiyvire:
„gviTvalTvaleben...“ me megona, raRac gWirda. „netav ra hqvia amas, paranoia? ki, albaT,
paranoia“ _ vfiqrobdi... crida...
„wamiyvanen, movlen da wamiyvanen“ _ gaimeore axla ukve Cumad, Zlivs gasagonad...
Sen wagiyvanes... vtirodi, geZaxdi, Seni tirili saukeneebs iqiT midioda da maradisobas
uerTdeboda... maSin mivxvdi, rom deda davkarge!..
mere? mere iyo sakoncentracio banaki. maxsovs akrZaluli mzeriTi kontaqtebi...
maxsovs, rom unda gvemuSava dacemamde... maxsovs cema da Zaladoba „torgauSi“...
maxsovs erTi dRe, roca sakanSi Camketes. bneloda... Zalian bneloda, magram Sen­
gan vicodi, rom Rame arasdrosaa iseTi bneli, rogoric adamiani. am bnel RameSic
ki Candnen WianWvelebi, romlebic saknis iatakze dacocavdnen... Sen meubnebodi, Cven,
yvelani, WianWvelebi varT da sad gagvsress bedi, ar viciTo. me mainc vnatrobdi Wi­
anWvelis beds. is Tavisufali iyo... me ki... me ki gafrena mindoda sadRac Sors... iqneb
sikvdili mindoda... hiugo werda: „sikvdili maradisobisgan miniWebuli Tavisuflebaa“.
magram, ara! me ar mindoda sikvdili... es yvelaferi brZola iyo... TavisuflebisTvis
brZola... brZolaSi ki yovelTvis ibadeba imedi. sadRac mqonda wakiTxuli _ Tavisu­
flebis siyvaruli adamians „moses kverTxsa“ da „daviTis Surduls“ aZlevso. sikvdili
ar mindoda... es danebebas niSnavda... sistemas pirovnebis ganadgureba undoda. amitom
gvinergavdnen „torgauSi“ aRmzrdelebi: „aq ar arsebobs me!“
da roca pirovneba individualurobas kargavs, sasikvdilodaa ganwiruli... zogierTi
mkvdari Tu cocxalia, zogierTi cocxali mkvdaria... maSin es ar vicodi, magram vgrZnobdi...
maxsovs gaqcevac... maxsovs saavadmyofos TeTri kedlebic... maxsovs darbeuli
demonstraciebi... maxsovs reiganis sityvebic:
„daangrieT es kedeli!“
me ki vicodi, rom kedeli daingreoda. Sen ambobdi: Tu rames daafuZneb borotebaze,
is ver iarsebebso...
xalxi amerikul simReras mReroda: „We shall overcome“ _ ase erqva am simReras... ucnauri
simRera iyo, magram saocrad lamazi... Sens simReras maxsenebda:
„amxanago, mzisken, Tavisuflebisken...“
crida... momeCvena, TiTqos Cem win ideqi. Tvalebi cremliT gqonda savse. Seni Tvalebi
TiTqos ambobdnen: „Cven Tavs davaRwevT“ an iqneb: „yvelaferi sxvagvarad iqneba“...
kedeli daingra... brZola keTilad damTavrda... me Sen erTxel dagkarge... Tumca gi­
pove samudamod... da roca uzenaess Cemi arsisa bneli adgeba, isev Seni naTeli saxe
midgeba Tvalwin da Seni simRera Camesmis yurSi:
„sinaTlisken, Tavisuflebisken“...
73
NAEC.GE
„NAEC.GE“ – pirveli nomris prezentacia
23 maiss „gamocdebis erovnul centrSi“ Jurnalis
„NAEC.GE“ pirveli nomris prezentacia gaimarTa.
prezentaciis farglebSi konkursis „saukeTeso
sta­­­
tia saganmanaTleblo Temaze“ ori saukeTeso
werilis avtorebi dajildovdnen:
studenti mamuka safariZe _ gamarjvebuli
ramdenime Tvis win socialur qselSi vnaxe
infomacia, rom „gamocdebis erovnuli centris“
mier inicirebuli iyo idea gamocemuliyo aseTi
Jurnali _ „NAEC.GE“. es iyo didi motivacia
studentebisaTvis, amitom gadavwyvite gamegzavna
74
ramdenime statia. JurnalisaTvis airCa erTi statia,
romelic exeba qarTveli studentebis cxovrebas
ucxoeTSi. es iyo eleqtronulad Cawerili interviu
erT-erT studentTan, romelic swavlobs Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetSi. vfiqrob, yvela im axal­
gazrdas, romlebsac surT swavlis gagrZeleba
ucxoeTSi, daainteresebT informacia, Tu ra sasi­
amovno an usiamovno movlenebi SeiZleba SexvdeT
sxva qveyanaSi yofnisas. „NAEC.GE“-s saCuqari iyo
moulodneli, statia ramdenime Tvis win gavagzavne
da gulaxdilad giTxraT, arc velodi gamoxmaurebas
da roca gavige, rom gamarjvebuli viyavi, Zalian
gamexarda. mivxvdi, rom studentebi rasac vwerT,
NAEC.GE
fasdeba, amas adami­
anebi yuradRebas aqce­
ven. „NAEC.GE“-m momca
stimuli gavagrZelo
wera da siamovnebiT
vi­Ta­namSromlo moma­
valSic am organizaci­
asTan.
Jurnali „NAEC.GE“ mkiTxvelis farTo wrezea
gaT­vlili. yovel nomerSi aqtualobis mixedviT ibe­
Wdeba sxvadasxva testis nimuSebi da rekomendaciebi
„gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ aplikantebisaT­
vis. aseve interviuebi cnobil adamianebTan an su­
lac ucnob profesionalebTan, romlebic yvebian,
rogori SeiZleba iyos pedagogis cxovreba, rogor
SeiZleba airCio profesia da Seiyvaro is. Jurnali
orientirebulia, miawodos mkiTxvels informacia
saskolo da sauniversiteto cxovrebis Sesaxeb, ga­
moaqveynos werilebi wignierebis, ganaTlebisa da sa­
ganmanaTleblo gamocdebisa Tu konkursebis Sesaxeb.
aseve yvela nomrisaTvis Jurnali acxadebs konkurss
saukeTeso statiis gamosavlenad. amjerad, namuSev­
rebis gamogzavna el.fostaze [email protected] mxo­
lod skolis moswavleebs SeuZliaT. Jiuris mier
SerCeuli saukeTeso werili saTauriT „me rom mas­
wavlebeli viyo“, Jurnalis Semdeg nomerSi daibeWd­
eba.
daviT zurabiSvili:
Zalian kargi saqme gakeTda am Jurnalis gamoce­
miT, masSi ara marto im saqmianobis Sesaxeb iqneba
informacia warmodgenili, romelsac „gamocdebis
erovnuli centri~ eweva, aramed Tavad ganaTlebis
sakiTxebis Sesaxebac, rac yvelas gvaRelvebs. bevri
saintereso publikaciaa dabeWdili, darwmunebuli
var, maT mohyveba diskusiebi, kamaTic da yuradRebis
centrSi moeqceva. amitom me vfiqrob, rom Zalian
perspeqtiuli gamocemaa.
gazeT kviris palitris redaqtori marika darCia:
me vfiqrob, rom es is Jurnalia, romelic „unda
waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar“! warmatebebs vusur­veb
„NAEC.GE“- s.
nana izoria
giorgi grZeliSvilis fotoebi
75
NAEC.GE
redkolegia:
maia miminoSvili, gogi maWavariani,
kaxa jamburia, Tamaz jologua,
kote jandieri, maia gabunia.
nomerze muSaobdnen:
qeTevan kvitatiani, Teiko anjafariZe,
maia gabunia, nika nozaZe.
konsultanti
gogi maWavariani
damkabadonebel-dizaineri
iana daneliani
foto garekanze
daviT kakalaSvili
fotoebi:
giorgi grZeliSvilis, goga Canadiris,
miSa giorgaZis, Tornike ziziaSvilis,
qeTevan kvitatianis da
arqivSi daculi fotomasala.
© gamocdebis erovnuli centri
ISSN 2346-7509
www.naec.ge
www.facebook.com/pages/naecge
www.facebook.com/pages/ჟურნალი-Naecge
[email protected]
+995 32 2473333.
76
oqtomberi 2013, #2
www.naec.ge
NAEC.GE
rogor airCia profesia
guram doCanaSvilma?
`erTxel 11 wlis biWma,
romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar mogwons
mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo?
mipasuxa, me pativs ar mcemeno...
vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom
mSoblebs ar uyvarxar? rogor
arao, mipasuxa, magram siyvaruli
da pativiscema sxvadasxva
rameao. mere ganazogada da Tqva,
am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs pativs
ar scemeno... ~ gv. 14.
borxesi, leopardi da
magiuri realizmi
rekomendaciebi
gamosaSvebi
gamocdebisTvis
saqarTvelo
saerTaSoriso
saganmanaTleblo
kvlevebSi
oqtomberi 2013, #2
www.naec.ge
NAEC.GE
2013 wlis gamosaSvebi
gamocdebis programebi da
rekomendaciebi
rogor airCia profesia
guram doCanaSvilma?
"erTxel 11 wlis biWma,
romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar mogwons
mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo?
mipasuxa, me pativs ar mcemeno...
vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom
mSoblebs ar uyvarxar? rogor
arao, mipasuxa, magram siyvaruli
da pativiscema sxvadasxva
rameao. mere ganazogada da Tqva,
am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs pativs
ar scemeno... " gv. 9.
borxesi, leopardi da
magiuri realizmi
rekomendaciebi
gamosaSvebi
gamocdebisTvis
saqarTvelo
saerTaSoriso
saganmanaTleblo
kvlevebSi
2013 wlis gamosaSvebi
gamocdebis programebi
(qimia, fizika, biologia,
geografia)
da rekomendaciebi
© gamocdebis erovnuli centri
ydis foto giorgi grZeliSvili
NAEC.GE
rCevebi qimiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis
qimiis saatestato gamocdisaTvis momzadebis periodSi ixelmZRvaneleT
„Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ mier warmodgenili programiT, romelic erovnul saswavlo gegmas efuZneba, agreTve, saskolo
saxelmZRvaneloebiT, romlebic ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros
mieraa damtkicebuli.
yuradReba miaqcieT saxelmZRvaneloebSi mocemul ilustraciebs,
grafikebs, sqemebs, cxrilebsa da diagramebs, romlebidanac saWiro informacia unda moipovoT da gamoiyenoT igi konkretuli amocanis gadasaWrelad.
gamocdaze gamoyenebuli iqneba testuri davalebebi 4 savaraudo pasuxiT, romelTagan mxolod erTia swori.
zogierTi davaleba gamoTvliTi tipisaa. gamoTvlebi ar moiTxovs rTuli maTematikuri aparatis gamoyenebas. gamoTvlebi SegiZliaT awarmooT
Savi samuSaosaTvis gankuTvnil furclebze.
gamocdis dros SesaZlebloba geqnebaT gamoiyenoT Semdegi damxmare masala:
• qimiuri elementebis perioduli sistema;
• xsnadobis cxrili;
• metalTa Zabvis eleqtroqimiuri mwkrivi.
es masala did daxmarebas gagiwevT davalebebis SesrulebaSi.
gisurvebT warmatebas!
skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programa qimiaSi
(2013 wlis Semodgoma, 2014 wlis gazafxuli)
moswavles unda SeeZlos:
1. sakiTxis codnis, gagebisa da gamoyenebis demonstrireba
• ZiriTadi cnebebis, faqtebis, kanonebis codna, Sesabamisi terminologiiT axsna-ganmarteba, maTi adekvaturi da praqtikuli gamo­
yeneba.
2. monacemebis wakiTxva da organizeba
• sxvadasxva teqstidan, naxatidan, grafikidan, sqemidan, cxrilidan
da diagramidan saWiro informaciis wakiTxva;
• monacemebis gadayvana erTi saxidan meoreSi (mag., cxrilebis
grafikebSi da sxv.).
3. monacemebis analizi da Sefaseba
• fizikur sidideebs Soris zogadi kanonzomierebebisa da raodenobrivi kavSirebis dadgena;
3
NAEC.GE
• monacemTa interpretacia, analizi da daskvnis gamotana;
• monacemTa klasificireba;
• movlenaTa mizezebis axsna. mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena.
4. problemis gadaWra
• problemis gadaWris gzebis SerCeva;
• problemis gadaWris etapebis gansazRvra;
• problemis gadaWra.
sakiTxTa CamonaTvali
1. qimiis ZiriTadi
cnebebi da kanonebi
sakiTxTa dazusteba
•martivi da rTuli nivTierebebi;
•sufTa nivTiereba da narevi. narevebis dayofis xerxebi;
•gansxvaveba fizikur da qimiur movlenebs Soris.
•qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi da mimdinareobis pirobebi;
•qimiuri elementis cneba. qimiuri simboloebi;
•qimiuri formulis Sedgena valentobis mixedviT;
•qimiuri elementis valentobis gansazRvra araorganul naerTebSi;
•moli – nivTierebis raodenobis sazomi. avogadros ricxvi. moluri masa;
•avogadros kanoni. airis moluri moculoba. airis
fardobiTi simkvrive;
•qimiuri reaqciis tolobis Sedgena;
•SeerTebis, daSlis, Canacvlebisa da mimocvlis
reaqciebi.
2. araorganul naerTTa
klasebi:
_ oqsidebi;
_ fuZeebi;
_ mJavebi;
_ marilebi;
_ kavSiri sxvadasxva
klasis naerTebs
Soris.
•oqsidebis, fuZeebis, mJavebisa da marilebis klasifikacia;
• oqsidebis, fuZeebis, mJavebisa da marilebis formulebis Sedgena;
•oqsidis miReba martivi da rTuli nivTierebebis
wviT;
•tutis miReba metalidan, metalis oqsididan;
•mJavas miReba arametalidan (uJangbado mJavebis)
da arametalTa oqsidebidan (Jangbadiani mJavebis);
•marilebis miRebis xerxebi (10 ZiriTadi xerxi).
4
NAEC.GE
3. atomis aRnagoba.
periodulobis kanoni.
qimiur elementTa
perioduli sistema.
• atombirTvis Sedgeniloba;
• metalebi da arametalebi periodul sistemaSi;
• elementebis da maTi naerTebis
Sedareba periodebsa da jgufebSi;
Tvisebebis
• elementis umaRlesi oqsidis formulis dadgena
perioduli sistemis A jgufebSi;
• arametalis wyalbadnaerTis formulis dadgena
jgufebSi;
• I-III periodebis elementTa eleqtronuli formulebis Sedgena;
• elementTa
atomebis
eqtrouaryofiTobebis
Sedareba perioduli sistemis mixedviT.
4. eleqtrouaryofiToba,
Jangvis ricxvi, JangvaaRdgeniTi reaqciebi.
•elementis Jangvis ricxvis gansazRvra wyalbadnaerTebSi, oqsidebsa da Jangbadian mJavebSi;
•elementis Jangvis ricxvis gansazRvra binarul
naerTSi eleqtrouaryofiTobisa da perioduli
sistemis gamoyenebiT;
•qimiuri reaqciis tipis (Jangva-aRdgeniTi da araJangva-aRdgeniTi) dadgena Jangvis ricxvis cvlilebis mixedviT;
•Jangva-aRdgeniT reaqciaSi mJangavisa da aRmdgenis
gansazRvra;
•Jangva-aRdgeniTi reaqciebis tolobis gaTanabreba.
5. qimiuri bmis tipebi:
_ ionuri;
_ kovalenturi;
_ metaluri.
•naerTSi qimiuri bmis tipis dadgena formulis
mixedviT; •ionuri, polaruli da arapolaruli kovalenturi
bmebis gansxvaveba; sigma- da pi-bmebi;
•nivTierebis
Sedgena.
6. xsnarebi
_ nivTierebaTa xsnadoba;
_ eleqtrolituri disociacia;
_ ionuri mimocvlis
reaqciebi.
eleqtronuli
(luisis)
formulis
•najeri da ujeri xsnarebi;
•xsnadoba. xsnadobaze moqmedi faqtorebi;
•xsnaris koncentracia. nivTierebis masuri wili
xsnarSi;
•mJavebis, tuteebisa da marilebis eleqtrolituri
disociacia;
•ionuri mimocvlis reaqciebis mimdinareobis pirobebi;
•sruli da Sekvecili ionuri reaqciebi.
5
NAEC.GE
7. qimiuri kinetika:
_ reaqciis siTburi
efeqti;
_ Seqcevadi da
Seuqcevadi reaqciebi;
_ qimiuri reaqciis
siCqare;
_ qimiuri wonasworoba.
•reaqciis siCqaris grafiki;
8. qimiuri elementebis da
maTi naerTebis ZiriTadi
Tvisebebi da gamoyeneba
qlori:
•bunebaSi gavrceleba;
•reaqciis siCqareze moqmedi faqtorebi (nivTierebis
buneba, temperatura, koncentracia, Sexebis zedapiris farTobi, katalizatori);
•egzoTermuli da endoTermuli reaqciebi;
•qimiur wonasworobaze moqmedi faqtorebi (nivTierebebis koncentracia, wneva da temperatura).
•izotopebi;
•eleqtronuli aRnagoba (normalur mdgomareobaSi);
•fizikuri Tvisebebi;
•qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba wyalbadTan,
metalebTan, wyalTan, halogenidebTan;
•gamoyeneba.
gogirdi:
•bunebaSi gavrceleba;
•eleqtronuli aRnagoba;
•fizikuri Tvisebebi, alotropebi;
•qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba wyalbadTan,
JangbadTan, metalebTan;
•gamoyeneba.
azoti:
•bunebaSi gavrceleba;
•eleqtronuli aRnagoba;
•fizikuri Tvisebebi;
•qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba wyalbadTan;
•gamoyeneba.
naxSirbadi:
•bunebaSi gavrceleba;
•eleqtronuli aRnagoba (normalur da agznebul
mdgomareobebSi);
•fizikuri Tvisebebi da alotropia;
•sruli da arasruli wva;
•gamoyeneba.
6
NAEC.GE
natriumi:
•bunebaSi gavrceleba;
•eleqtronuli aRnagoba;
•fizikuri Tvisebebi;
•qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba JangbadTan,
qlorTan, gogirdTan, wyalTan;
•gamoyeneba.
kalciumi:
•bunebaSi gavrceleba;
•eleqtronuli aRnagoba;
•fizikuri Tvisebebi;
•urTierTqmedeba JangbadTan, qlorTan, gogirdTan, wyalTan;
•gamoyeneba.
alumini:
•bunebaSi gavrceleba;
•eleqtronuli aRnagoba;
•fizikuri Tvisebebi;
•urTierTqmedeba JangbadTan, qlorTan, gogirdTan, mJavasTan;
•gamoyeneba.
rkina:
•bunebaSi gavrceleba;
•fizikuri Tvisebebi;
•urTierTqmedeba JangbadTan, qlorTan, gogirdTan, marilmJavasTan;
•rkinis Jangva tenian haerze;
•gamoyeneba.
9. organuli qimia:
_ organul naerTTa
aRnagobis Teoriis
ZiriTadi debulebebi;
_ naxSirwyalbadebi;
_ funqciurjgufiani
naerTebi;
_ kavSiri organul
naer­TTa klasebs
Soris.
alkanebi:
•meTanis homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da
pirveli 10 wevri);
•izomeria da nomenklatura;
•fizikuri Tvisebebi;
• alkanebis qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, qlorTan Canac­vleba;
•gamoyeneba.
7
NAEC.GE
alkenebi:
• eTilenis homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da
pirveli 5 wevri);
• izomeria da nomenklatura;
•fizikuri Tvisebebi;
•miReba alkanebis dehidrirebiT;
•alkenebis qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, mierTeba
(H2, Br2, HBr, H2O), polimerizacia;
•ZiriTadi cnebebi: polimeri, monomeri,
monomeruli erTeuli, polimerizaciis xarisxi;
•gamoyeneba.
alkinebi:
• acetilenis homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula
da pirveli 5 wevri);
• izomeria da nomenklatura;
• fizikuri Tvisebebi;
• miReba alkenebis dehidrirebiT;
• acetilenis miReba meTanidan da karbididan;
• acetilenis qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, mierTeba
(H2, Br2, H2O);
• acetilenis gamoyeneba.
benzoli:
• aRnagoba (hibridizacia);
• fizikuri Tvisebebi;
• miReba acetilenidan;
• qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, bromireba, nitrireba,
mierTeba (wyalbadis da qloris);
• gamoyeneba.
erT- da mravalatomiani spirtebi:
• homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da pirveli 5
wevri);
• izomeria da nomenklatura;
• fizikuri Tvisebebi;
• qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, Jangva (dehidrireba),
Sidamolekuluri da molekulaTaSorisi
dehidratacia, urTierTqmedeba tute liTonebTan;
• miReba alkenis hidrataciiT;
• gamoyeneba;
• eTilenglikolis da glicerinis fizikuri Tvisebebi
da gamoyeneba.
aldehidebi:
• homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da pirveli 5
wevri);
8
NAEC.GE
• nomenklatura;
• fizikuri Tvisebebi;
• qimiuri Tvisebebi: Jangva (`vercxlis sarkis~ reaqcia),
aRdgena (hidrireba);
• gamoyeneba.
najeri erTfuZiani karbonmJavebi:
• homologiuri rigi (zogadi formula da pirveli 5
wevri);
• izomeria da nomenklatura;
• fizikuri Tvisebebi;
• mJava Tviseba (eleqtrolituri disociacia);
• qimiuri Tvisebebi: urTierTqmedeba liTonebTan,
fuZe oqsidebTan, hidroqsidebTan da marilebTan
(karbonatebTan), esterifikaciis reaqcia;
• miReba aldehididan;
• gamoyeneba.
cximebi:
• Sedgeniloba. myari da Txevadi cximebi;
• cximebis hidrolizi da hidrogenizacia;
• gamoyeneba.
naxSirwylebi:
• glukozis molekulis Sedgeniloba (funqciuri
jgufebi);
• fizikuri Tvisebebi;
• glukozis warmoqmna fotosinTezis dros (reaqciis
toloba);
• glukozis daSla sunTqvisa da duRilis procesebSi
(reaqciebis tolobebi);
• fruqtoza – glukozis izomeri;
• saqarozas Sedgeniloba da hidrolizi;
• saxameblis Sedgeniloba da hidrolizi, aRmoCena
iodiT;
• celulozas Sedgeniloba da hidrolizi;
• naxSirwylebis gamoyeneba.
aminebi:
• klasifikacia da nomenklatura;
• urTierTqmedeba wyalTan da mJavebTan.
aminomJavebi da cilebi:
• aminomJavebis nomenklatura;
• aminomJavebis amfoteruli buneba;
• cilebis warmoqmna aminomJavebisgan (peptiduri bma).
9
NAEC.GE
rCevebi fizikis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis
fizikis saatestato gamocdisaTvis momzadebis periodSi ixelmZRvaneleT „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ mier warmodgenili
programiT, romelic erovnul saswavlo gegmas efuZneba, agreTve, saskolo
saxelmZRvaneloebiT, romlebic damtkicebulia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministros mier.
yuradReba gaamaxvileT saxelmZRvaneloebSi mocemuli amocanebis
amoxnaze. ivarjiSeT grafikebidan, sqemebidan, cxrilebidan da diagramebidan saWiro informaciis mopovebasa da mis gamoyenebaSi konkretuli amocanis amoxsnisas.
gamocdaze gamoyenebuli iqneba testuri davalebebi 4 savaraudo pasuxiT, romelTagan mxolod erTia swori.
zogierTi davaleba gamoTvliTi tipisaa. gamoTvlebi ar moiTxovs rTuli maTematikuri aparatis gamoyenebas. gamoTvlebi SegiZliaT awarmooT
Savi samuSaosaTvis gankuTvnil furclebze.
gisurvebT warmatebas!
2013 - 2014 saswavlo wlis skolis
gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programa
fizikaSi
sagamocdo programa fizikaSi efuZneba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da
mecnierebis ministris 2006 wlis 28 seqtembris № 841 brZanebiT damtkicebul erov­nuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobriv programas.
sagnobrivi unar-Cvevebi
moswavles unda SeeZlos:
1. codna, gageba da gamoyeneba
• ZiriTadi cnebebis, faqtebis, kanonebis codna, Sesabamisi terminologiiT axsna-ganmarteba, maTi adekvaturi da praqtikuli gamo­
yeneba.
2. monacemebis wakiTxva da organizeba
• sxvadasxva teqstidan, naxatidan, grafikidan, sqemidan, cxrilidan
da diagramidan saWiro informaciis wakiTxva;
• monacemebis gadayvana erTi saxidan meoreSi (mag., cxrilebis gra­
fikebSi da sxv.).
3. monacemebis analizi da Sefaseba
• fizikur sidideebs Soris zogadi kanonzomierebebisa da raodenobrivi kavSirebis dadgena;
10
NAEC.GE
• monacemTa interpretacia, analizi da daskvnis gamotana;
• monacemTa klasificireba;
• movlenaTa mizezebis axsna. mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena.
4. problemis gadaWra
• problemis gadaWris gzebis SerCeva;
• problemis gadaWris etapebis gansazRvra;
• problemis gadaWra.
sakiTxTa
CamonaTvali
1. kinematika
sakiTxTa dazusteba
meqanikuri moZraoba. gadataniTi da brunviTi moZraoba. nivTieri wertili. aTvlis sxeuli, traeqtoria. gavlili manZili.
gadaadgileba.
skalaruli da veqtoruli sidideebi. mdebareobisa da moZraobis fardobiToba.
wrfivi Tanabari moZraoba. siCqare, siCqaris erTeulebi. gavlili manZilis, droisa da siCqaris gamosaTvleli formulebi.
manZilisa da siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafikebi.
erTi wrfis gaswvriv moZravi sxeulebis siCqareTa Sekrebis wesi.
wrfivi araTanabari moZraoba. myisi siCqare. saSualo siCqare.
wrfivi TanabaraCqarebuli moZraoba. aCqareba, misi erTeuli.
aCqarebis, siCqarisa da gadaadgilebis droze damokidebulebis
formulebi. siCqarisa da aCqarebis droze damokidebulebis
grafikebi.
Tanabari moZraoba, wrewirze brunvis periodi da sixSire.
2. niutonis
kanonebi da bu­
niutonis I kanoni. sxeulebis inertuloba. masa. masis erTeunebis Zalebi
li. simkvrive. simkvrivis erTeuli. aTvlis inerciuli sistemebi.
sxeulis urTierTqmedeba. Zala. niutonis II kanoni Zalis erTeuli. tolqmedi Zala. erTi wrfis gaswvriv mimarTuli Zalebis
Sekreba.
niutonis III kanoni.
msoflio mizidulobis kanoni. gravitaciuli mudmiva. simZimis Zala. sxeulTa Tavisufali vardna. Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba. drekadobis Zala sixiste. hukis kanoni.
uZraobis xaxunis Zala. srialis xaxunis Zala. xaxunis koeficienti.
3. mudmivosxeulis impulsi. impulsis erTeuli. impulsis mudmivobis
bis kanonebi me­ kanoni.
qanikaSi
meqanikuri muSaoba da simZlavre. maTi erTeulebi.
meqanikuri energia. kinetikuri energia. sxeulisa da dedamiwis urTierTqmedebis potenciuri energia.
drekadad deformirebuli sxeulis potenciuri energia.
meqanikuri energiis mudmivobis kanoni. potenciuri da kinetikuri energiis urTierTgardaqmna.
11
NAEC.GE
4. statika
Zalis momenti, simZimis centri, wonasworobis saxeebi, uZravi brunvisRerZis mqone sxeulis wonasworobis piroba.
martivi meqanizmebi berketi. WoWonaqi. daxrili sibrtye.
5. hidro da
aerostatika
wneva. wnevis erTeulebi. siTxis wneva WurWlis fskersa da
kedlebze. wnevis formula. paskalis kanoni. ziari WurWeli.
atmosferuli wneva. normaluri atmosferuli wneva.
arqimedes Zalis formula. sxeulTa curvis pirobebi.
6. meqaniku­
ri rxevebi da
tal­Rebi
rxeviTi moZraoba. amplituda. rxevis periodi da sixSire.
maTi erTeulebi. meqanikuri talRebi. kavSiri talRis sigrZes, gavrcelebis siCqaresa da sixSires Soris. ganivi da grZivi
talRebi. bgeriTi talRa. bgeris siCqare sxvadasxva garemoSi.
bgeris xmamaRloba da tonis simaRle. eqo.
7. geomertiuli optika
sinaTlis gavrceleba erTgvarovan garemoSi. Crdilis warmoqmna. sinaTlis wertilovani wyaroebi.
sinaTlis arekvla. arekvlis kanonebi. gamosaxulebis ageba
brtyel sarkSi. sarkuli da difuzuri arekvla.
sinaTlis gardatexa. gardatexis kanonebi. gardatexis
maCvenebeli. misi kavSiri garemoSi sinaTlis gavrcelebis siCqaresTan. sinaTlis dispersia, speqtri.
8. siTburi
mov­lenebi
nivTierebis agebuleba. molekulebis urTierTqmedeba.
molekulebis siTburi moZraoba. temperatura. kelvinis da
celsiusis skalebi. kavSiri maT Soris. absoluturi temperatura. airebis, siTxeebis da myari sxeulis agebuleba. difuzia.
brounis moZraoba.
Sinagani energia da misi Secvlis gzebi. Tbogadacemis saxeebi
(Tbogamtaroba, konveqcia, gamosxiveba). siTbos raodenoba, misi
formula da erTeulebi. kuTri siTbotevadoba. misi erTeuli.
sawvavis wvis kuTri siTbo. misi erTeuli.
myari sxeulebis dnoba da gamyareba. dnobis kuTri siTbo,
misi erTeuli. kristaluri sxeulis dnobis grafiki.
aorTqleba da kondensacia. orTqladqcevis kuTri siTbo,
misi erTeuli. duRili.
9. eleqtruli movlenebi
el. muxti. muxtis mudmivobis kanoni. muxtebis urTierTqmedeba. muxtis erTeuli. kulonis kanoni.
eleqtruli deni. denis Zala, misi erTeuli.
omis kanoni wredis ubnisaTvis. Zabva. misi erTeuli. gamtaris winaRoba. misi erTeuli.
gamtaris winaRobis damokidebuleba mis geometriul zomebsa da gvarobaze. kuTri winaRoba. gamtarTa paraleluri da mimdevrobiTi SeerTeba. denisa da Zabvis gazomva. apermetri da
voltmetri. maTi wredSi CarTvis wesebi.
eleqtruli wredisa da misi elementebis sqemuri gamosaxva.
wredis Sedgena mocemuli elementebis gamoyenebiT.
denis muSaoba da simZlavre. maTi erTeulebi. joul-lencis
kanoni.
12
NAEC.GE
rCevebi biologiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis
biologiis saatestato gamocdis davalebebi efuZneba skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programas. ekranze mogewodebaT davaleba. TiToeul testur
davalebas Tan axlavs oTxi savaraudo pasuxi, romelTagan mxolod erTia
marTebuli. aplikantebs evalebaT swori pasuxis amocnoba da misi moniSvna
ekranze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki davalebaSi gamoyenebulia uaryofis nawilaki
(ar), igi gamuqebulia da xazgasmuli. aplikantma yuradReba unda miaqcios
SekiTxvis formas, raTa Secdoma ar dauSvas pasuxis gacemis dros.
davalebaTa erTi jgufi dafuZnebulia ilustraciis analizze. ilustraciebad gamoyenebulia mrudebi, diagramebi da/an suraTebi. aplikantebma
unda gaiazron SekiTxva mowodebuli ilustraciis konteqstSi da SearCion
marTebuli pasuxi.
gisurvebT warmatebas!
skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis programa 2013 wlis
Semodgomisa da 2014 wlis gazafxulisaTvis
moswavles unda SeeZlos:
1. sakiTxis codnis, gagebis da gamoyenebis demonstrireba
• ZiriTadi cnebebis, faqtebis, kanonebis codna, Sesabamisi terminologiiT axsna -ganmarteba, maTi adekvaturi da praqtikuli gamoyeneba.
2. monacemebis wakiTxva da organizeba
• sxvadasxva teqstidan, naxatidan, grafikidan, sqemidan, cxrilidan
da diagramidan saWiro informaciis wakiTxva;
• monacemebis gadayvana erTi saxidan meoreSi (mag., cxrilebis
grafikebSi da sxv.).
3. monacemebis analizi da Sefaseba
• fizikur sidideebs Soris zogadi kanonzomierebebisa da raodenobrivi kavSirebis dadgena;
• monacemTa interpretacia, analizi da daskvnis gamotana;
• monacemTa klasificireba;
• movlenaTa mizezebis axsna. mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena.
4. problemis gadaWra
• problemis gadaWris gzebis SerCeva;
• problemis gadaWris etapebis gansazRvra;
• problemis gadaWra. 13
NAEC.GE
sakiTxTa CamonaTvali
1. ujredis sasicocxlo
cikli
2. gamravleba
sakiTxTa dazusteba
interfaza da mitozi.
sqesobrivi da usqeso gamravleba; sasqeso
ujredebis Camoyalibeba cxovelebSi,meiozi;
3. organizmTa individualuri ganviTareba
cxovelur organizmTa embrionuli da postembrionuli ganviTareba.
4. nivTierebaTa cvla uj­
redSi
cilis biosinTezi (genetikuri kodi, trans­
kripcia, translacia).
5. memkvidreobiTobis ka­
non­zomierebebi
pirveli Taobis erTgvarobis kanoni, daTiSvis kanoni. genTa damoukidebeli memkvidreobis kanoni (mono- da dihibriduli hibriduli
Sejvarebis magaliTze).
alelur genTa urTierTqmedeba.
6. sqesis genetika
sqesTan SeWiduli niSan-Tvisebebis memkvidreoba.
7. cvalebadobis kanonzomierebebi
aramemkvidruli _ modifikaciuri cvalebadoba.
memkvidruli _ mutaciuri (genuri, qromosomuli, genomuri).
8. darvinis evoluciuri
Te­oria
darvinis moZRvreba bunebriv gadarCevaze.
arsebobisaTvis brZola.
mikroevolucia: bunebrivi gadarCevis formebi
bunebrivi gadarCevis saboloo Sedegi:
makroevolucia:
14
mamoZravebeli da mastabilizebeli.
Seguebuloba da misi formebi.
axal saxeobaTa warmoqmna: alopatriuli (geografiuli) da simpatriuli (ekologiuri).
evoluciis mimarTulebebi: arogenezi, alogenezi da katagenezi.
NAEC.GE
9. ekologiuri sistema da
ekologiuri faqtorebi
bioturi, abioturi (temperatura, sinaTle,
wyali -tenianoba) da anTropogenuri faqtorebi;
organizmTa urTierTda­
mokidebulebis formebi
parazitizmi, neitralizmi, simbiozi, konku­
rencia, mtacebloba;
avtotrofebi da heterotrofebi;
kvebis tipebi
producenti, konsumenti, reducenti; kvebiTi
jaWvi, kvebiTi qseli.
kvebiTi kavSirebi
gamosaSvebi gamocdis moTxovnebi biologiaSi
araqarTulenovani skolebisaTvis
1. sagamocdo programiT gansazRvruli faqtobrivi masalis codna.
2. SeZenili codnis safuZvelze cocxal bunebaSi mimdinare mniSvnelovani
procesebis daxasiaTeba da analizi.
3. grafikebidan, sqemebidan, cxrilebidan da diagramebidan mopovebuli
informaciis gamoyenebis unari.
4. cocxali sistemis agebulebisa da funqciis urTierTdamokidebulebis
gansazRvra.
sagamocdo programa biologiaSi
1. sicocxlis ZiriTadi
niSnebi
moZraoba, kveba, sunTqva, gamoyofa, gaRizianebadoba, zrda-ganviTareba, gamravleba.
2. cocxali sistemis organizaciis doneebi
molekuluri, ujreduli, qsoviluri, organoTa,
organizmuli, populaciuri, biocenozuri, ekosistemuri, biosferuli.
15
NAEC.GE
1. ujredi
1. eukariotuli da prokariotuli ujredebi
2. ujredis gayofa
3. sicocxlis araujre­
duli formebi
prokariotebi
plazmuri membrana, ujredis kedeli: maTi agebuleba da funqcia.
citoplazma: endoplazmuri bade, ribosoma, mitoqondria, plastidebi, goljis aparati, lizosoma, vakuoli, ujredis centri - maTi agebuleba
da funqcia.
birTvi: garsi, qromosomebi, birTvaki, maTi agebuleba da funqcia.
ujreduli cikli: interfaza da mitozi.
virusebi: agebuleba, gamravleba da maT mier
gamowveuli zogierTi daavadeba.
baqteriebi: agebuleba, gamravleba da mniSvneloba.
2. adamiani
1. sayrden _ mamoZravebeli sistema
mniSvneloba, ConCxis agebuleba da funqcia.
ZvalTa SeerTebis saxeebi. kunTebis saxeebi: ganivzoliani, gluvi da gulis kunTebi. maTi agebuleba da funqcia.
2. saWmlis momnelebeli
sistema
sistemis nawilebis agebuleba da funqcia.
sakvebis moneleba sistemis organoebSi, Sewova, defekacia.
3. sasunTqi sis­tema
sistemis nawilebis agebuleba da funqcia. airTa
cvla filtvebsa da qsovilebSi. sunTqviTi moZraobebi. filtvebis sasicocxlo tevadoba.
4. sisxli
plazma. formiani elementebi – agebuleba, funqcia. sisxlis jgufebi; rezus faqtori. imuniteti.
5. sisxlis mimoqcevis
sistema
16
sistemis nawilebis agebuleba da funqcia. didi
da mcire wre. gulis muSaoba. pulsi, wneva. sisxldena.
NAEC.GE
6. Sardgamomyofi sis­
tema, kani
agebuleba da funqciebi.
7. endokrinuli sistema
mniSvneloba. Sinagani sekreciis jirkvlebi
(farisebri, kuWqveSa, Tirkmelzeda, hipofizi).
hormonebi (Tiroqsini, insulini, glukagoni, adrenalini). endokrinuli jirkvlebis hiper- da hipofunqciiT gamowveuli daavadebebi.
8. nervuli sis­tema
nervuli sistemis nawilebi. refleqsuri rkali.
zurgis tvinisa da Tavis tvinis agebuleba, funqciebi.
grZnobaTa organoebi
mxedvelobisa da smenis organoebis agebuleba,
funqcionireba.
axlomxedveloba
da
Sorsmxedveloba.
3. memkvidreobiToba da cvalebadoba
1.
memkvidreobiTobis
kanonzomierebebi
2. sqesis genetika
4. cvalebadobis kanonzomierebebi
pirveli Taobis erTgvarobis kanoni, daTiSvis
kanoni. genTa damoukidebeli memkvidreobis kanoni
(mono- da dihibriduli hibriduli Sejvarebis magaliTze).
alelur genTa urTierTqmedeba.
sqesTan SeWiduli niSan-Tvisebebis memkvidreoba.
aramemkvidruli _ modifikaciuri cvalebadoba.
memkvidruli _ mutaciuri.
17
NAEC.GE
rCevebi geografiis saatestato gamocdis
CambarebelTaTvis
geografiis saatestato gamocda efuZneba erovnul saswavlo gegmas da
ar scildeba misi moTxovnebis farglebs. gamocdisaTvis momzadebis periodSi ixelmZRvaneleT „Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris“ mier
warmodgenili programiT. masSi miTiTebulia yvela is sakiTxi da unari,
romlebic Semowmdeba saatestato gamocdaze. momzadebisas dagexmarebaT
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier grifirebuli VII, VIII, IX da
XI klasebis geografiis saxelmZRvaneloebi.
gamocdaze gamoyenebuli iqneba testuri davalebebi 4 savaraudo pasuxiT da maTgan mxolod erTia swori. es davalebebi ramdenime tipad aris
dayofili, romlebic moiTxovs:
• rukis kiTxvasa da analizs;
• fotoebis, diagramebis, grafikebisa da cxrilebis kiTxvasa da analizs;
• martiv ariTmetikul gamoTvlebs;
• faqtobrivi masalisa da geografiuli terminebis codnasa da gamoyenebas.
gamocdis dros SesaZlebloba geqnebaT gamoiyenoT saqarTvelosa da
msoflios A3 formatis fizikuri rukebi, romlebic gamocdis dawyebis win
dagirigdebaT da dagexmarebaT davalebebis SesrulebaSi.
gisurvebT warmatebas!
2013-14 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis
programa geografiaSi (qarTulenovani skolebisaTvis)
gamocdaze mowmdeba:
•
•
•
•
faqtobrivi masalis codna;
geografiuli cnebebisa da terminebis adekvaturi gamoyeneba;
geografiuli rukebis kiTxva;
sxvadasxva tipis TvalsaCinoebebis (fotoebis, grafikebis, cxrilebisa da diagramebis) gamoyenebiT informaciis Sejereba/analizi;
• geografiuli movlenebisa da procesebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis
garCeva, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena;
18
NAEC.GE
sagnobrivi kompetencia1:
sakiTxTa CamonaTvali
sakiTxis dazusteba
geografiis Sesavali:
geografiis mecnierebis Sesava­
li, struqtura da kvlevis sagani
• geografiis Seswavlis obieqti da miznebi;
• geografiis mecnierebis struqtura da
calkeuli mimarTulebebis definiciebi.
ruka da sxvadasxva tipis Tval­
saCinoebebi
• rukebi (rukis legenda, masStabi,
orientireba, ekvatori, polusebi,
tropikebi da polaruli wreebi,
gradusTa bade, grZedi da ganedi,
geografiuli koordinatebi, adgilis
simaRlis gansazRvra (absoluturi
da SefardebiTi simaRleebi), saWiro
informaciis moZieba da interpretacia,
analizi, amocanebis gadaWra).
• sxvadasxva tipis TvalsaCinoebebis
(foto, naxati, sqema, cxrili, grafiki,
diagrama) gamoyeneba, informaciis
analizi, amocanebis gadaWra.
• saqarTvelosa da msoflios fizikur-
geografiuli nomenklatura
(mniSvnelovani geografiuli obieqtebi)2 msoflio okeanis nawilebi, kontinentebi
da misi nawilebi, reliefis ZiriTadi
formebi, Sida wylebi.
sabunebismetyvelo geografia:
planeta dedamiwa
• dedamiwis dRe-Ramuri da wliuri
moZraoba;
• sasaaTo zonebi da TariRTa cvlis
saerTaSoriso xazi.
1 programaSi VII, VIII, IX, X klasebisaTvis mocemulia 2005-2011 ww. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
Sesabamisi sakiTxebi, xolo XI klasisaTvis - axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa. Sesabamisad, programaSi ar Sedis axali esg-s mixedviT X klasSi gaTvaliswinebuli „msoflios geografiis“ kursi.
2 gamocdaze aplikantebs daurigdebaT saqarTvelosa da msoflios fizikuri rukebi.
19
NAEC.GE
reliefi
• endogenuri da egzogenuri
amindi da klimati
• haeris temperatura (saSualo
reliefwarmomqmneli procesebi,
reliefis formebi da tipebi; reliefis
gavlena klimatze, meurneobaze.
temperatura, amplituda), temperaturis
cvlileba ganedis, absoluturi
simaRlisa da okeanidan daSorebis
mixedviT;
• atmosferuli wneva; sxvadasxva tipis
qarebi, maTi warmoSoba da gavrcelebis
kanonzomierebebi (brizi, musoni, pasati,
fioni);
• atmosferuli naleqebi, maTi saxeebi da
gavrcelebis kanonzomierebebi (wvima,
setyva, Tovli, nami, TrTvili);
• klimatis gavlena gansaxlebaze da
sameurneo saqmianobaze (soflis
meurneobaze, transportze,
mSeneblobaze).
Sida wylebi
• mdinareebi, tbebi, myinvarebi,
bunebrivi resursebi
• bunebrivi resursebis gavrceleba,
wyalsacavebi (sazrdooba da reJimi,
gavlena meurneobaze).
mniSvneloba, klasifikacia da
racionaluri gamoyeneba (sasargeblo
wiaRiseuli da bunebis dacva).
sazogadoebrivi geografia1:
mosaxleobis geografia da demografia
• mosaxleobis struqtura;
• mosaxleobis bunebrivi moZraoba
(Sobadobis, mokvdavobisa da bunebrivi
moZraobis koeficientebi);
• meqanikuri moZraoba (migraciis tipebi,
mizezebi, faqtorebi);
• simWidrove, gansaxlebis tipebi da
urbanizacia.
1
1 2013-14 wlis programisTvis (2013 w. Semodgomis gamocda) msoflios geografiis sakiTxebi mocemulia VII, VIII, IX klasebis esg-is mixedviT.
20
NAEC.GE
• mmarTvelobis formisa da
qveynebis klasifikacia
administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis
mixedviT;
• socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
donis mixedviT (adamianis (humanuri)
ganviTarebis indeqsi, mSp).
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi
• gaero, nato, evropis kavSiri,
evrosabWo, wiTeli jvari, soki.
saqarTvelos geografia:
saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis mdebareoba
• sazRvrebi, farTobi, fizikur-
geografiuli mdebareoba, fizikurgeografiuli dayofa, politikuradministraciuli dayofa, mmarTvelobis
forma;
• evropa-azias Soris sazRvris gatarebis
versiebi.
saqarTvelos bunebis komponentebi
• reliefis ZiriTadi formebi da tipebi;
• atmosferos cirkulaciis ZiriTadi
Taviseburebebi;
• havis ZiriTadi elementebi;
• Sida wylebi (mdinareebi, tbebi,
myinvarebi, wyalsacavebi);
• Savi zRva;
• flora da fauna.
saqarTvelos bunebrivi resur­
sebi
• saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani resursebis
garemosdacviTi problemebi
da stiqiuri movlenebi
• atmosferos, wylisa da niadagis
geografia (saTbob-energetikuli, Savi
da feradi liTonebi, saSeni masalebi,
mineraluri da Termuli wylebi).
dabinZureba;
• miwisZvra, mewyeri, zvavi, Rvarcofi,
wyaldidoba, setyva.
21
NAEC.GE
bunebis dacva
• daculi teritoriebis geografia da
saqarTvelos mosaxleoba
• mosaxleobis raodenoba, teritoriuli
tipebi, Seqmnis mizezebi da miznebi,
mniSvneloba da dacvis gansakuTrebuli
obieqtebi.
ganlageba da dinamika;
• mosaxleobis struqtura (sqesobriv-
asakobrivi, erovnuli, eTnikuri,
religiuri);
• demografiuli da migraciuli
procesebi;
• saqalaqo da sasoflo dasaxlebebis
geografia, urbanizacia.
saqarTvelos meurneoba
• mrewveloba, soflis meurneoba,
saqarTvelos regionebi
• Tbilisi, kaxeTi, samegrelo da zemo
momsaxurebis sfero.
svaneTi, qvemo qarTli, mcxeTa-mTianeTi,
imereTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, raWaleCxumi da qvemo svaneTi, Sida qarTli,
guria, aWara, afxazeTi (mdebareoba,
teritoria, sazRvrebi, bunebrivi
pirobebi da resursebi, mosaxleoba,
ekonomika, RirSesaniSnaobebi).
globaluri geografia:
globalizacia
• globalizaciis procesis arsi da cneba;
• globalizaciis indeqsi da
kriteriumebi;
• globaluri problemebis saxeebi da maTi
urTierTkavSiri;
• globaluri problemebi da
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi.
politikuri xasiaTis globaluri problemebi
22
• mSvidoba da ganiaraReba.
NAEC.GE
socialur-ekonomikuri xasiaTis globaluri problemebi
• SromiTi migracia;
• kulturuli globalizacia;
• ekonomikuri globalizacia;
• msoflio finansuri nakadebi da
centrebi;
• cxovrebis done da xarisxi.
globaluri ekologiuri prob­­
le­mebi
• bunebrivi da teqnogenuri
katastrofebi;
• bunebaTsargebloba da mdgradi
ganviTareba;
• garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi da
organizaciebi.
literatura
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier grifirebuli saxelmZRvaneloebi geografiaSi VII-XI kl.
2013-14 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi
gamocdis programa geografiaSi
(araqarTulenovani skolebisaTvis)
gamocdaze mowmdeba:
• faqtobrivi masalis codna;
• geografiuli cnebebisa da terminebis adekvaturi gamoyeneba;
• geografiuli rukebis kiTxva;
• sxvadasxva tipis TvalsaCinoebebis (fotoebis, grafikebis, cxrilebisa da diagramebis) gamoyenebiT informaciis Sejereba/analizi;
• geografiuli movlenebisa da procesebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis
garCeva, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena;
23
NAEC.GE
sagnobrivi kompetencia1:
sakiTxTa CamonaTvali
sakiTxis dazusteba
geografiis Sesavali:
geografiis mecnierebis Se­
sa­
vali, struqtura da kvlevis sagani
• geografiis Seswavlis obieqti da
miznebi;
• geografiis mecnierebis struqtura da
calkeuli mimarTulebebis definiciebi.
ruka da sxvadasxva
TvalsaCinoebebi
tipis
• rukebi (rukis legenda, masStabi,
orientireba, ekvatori, polusebi,
tropikebi da polaruli wreebi,
gradusTa bade, grZedi da ganedi,
geografiuli koordinatebi, adgilis
simaRlis gansazRvra (absoluturi
da SefardebiTi simaRleebi), saWiro
informaciis moZieba da interpretacia,
analizi, amocanebis gadaWra).
• sxvadasxva tipis TvalsaCinoebebis
(foto, naxati, sqema, cxrili, grafiki,
diagrama) gamoyeneba, informaciis
analizi, amocanebis gadaWra.
• saqarTvelosa da msoflios fizikur-
geografiuli nomenklatura
(mniSvnelovani geografiuli
obieqtebi)2 - msoflio okeanis nawilebi,
kontinentebi da misi nawilebi, reliefis
ZiriTadi formebi, Sida wylebi.
sabunebismetyvelo geografia:
planeta dedamiwa
• dedamiwis dRe-Ramuri da wliuri
moZraoba;
• sasaaTo zonebi da TariRTa cvlis
saerTaSoriso xazi.
1 programa mTlianad efuZneba Zvel esg-is (2005-2011 ww.), Sesabamisad programaSi ar Sedis „globaluri geografiis“ kursiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebi.
24
NAEC.GE
reliefi
• endogenuri da egzogenuri
amindi da klimati
• haeris temperatura (saSualo
reliefwarmomqmneli procesebi,
reliefis formebi da tipebi; reliefis
gavlena klimatze, meurneobaze.
temperatura, amplituda), temperaturis
cvlileba ganedis, absoluturi
simaRlisa da okeanidan daSorebis
mixedviT;
• atmosferuli wneva; sxvadasxva tipis
qarebi, maTi warmoSoba da gavrcelebis
kanonzomierebebi (brizi, musoni, pasati,
fioni);
• atmosferuli naleqebi, maTi saxeebi da
gavrcelebis kanonzomierebebi (wvima,
setyva, Tovli, nami, TrTvili);
• klimatis gavlena gansaxlebasa da
sameurneo saqmianobaze (soflis
meurneobaze, transportze,
mSeneblobaze).
Sida wylebi
• mdinareebi, tbebi, myinvarebi,
bunebrivi resursebi
• bunebrivi resursebis gavrceleba,
wyalsacavebi (sazrdooba da reJimi,
gavlena meurneobaze).
mniSvneloba, klasifikacia da
racionaluri gamoyeneba (sasargeblo
wiaRiseuli da bunebis dacva).
sazogadoebrivi geografia:
mosaxleobis geografia da demografia
• mosaxleobis struqtura;
• mosaxleobis bunebrivi moZraoba
(Sobadobis, mokvdavobisa da bunebrivi
moZraobis koeficientebi);
• meqanikuri moZraoba (migraciis tipebi,
mizezebi, faqtorebi);
• simWidrove, gansaxlebis tipebi da
urbanizacia.
25
NAEC.GE
• mmarTvelobis formisa da
qveynebis klasifikacia
administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis
mixedviT;
• socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
donis mixedviT (adamianis (humanuri)
ganviTarebis indeqsi, mSp).
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi
• gaero, nato, evropis kavSiri, evrosabWo,
wiTeli jvari, soki.
meurneobis dargobrivi struqtura
• mrewveloba, soflis meurneoba,
didi Svideulis qveynebi da
msoflios regionebi
• didi Svideulis qveynebis mdebareoba,
momsaxurebis sfero.
buneba, mmarTvelobis forma,
administraciul-teritoriuli mowyoba,
mosaxleoba, meurneoba, ekonomikuri
centrebi da ekonomikuri maCveneblebi,
kulturuli mravalferovneba.
• regionebis dasaxeleba da Semavali
qveynebi, mdebareoba da sazRvrebi,
bunebrivi pirobebi da resursebi,
mosaxleoba, ekonomika.
saqarTvelos geografia:
saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis mdebareoba
• sazRvrebi, farTobi, fizikur-
geografiuli mdebareoba, fizikurgeografiuli dayofa, politikuradministraciuli dayofa, mmarTvelobis
forma;
• evropa-azias Soris sazRvris gatarebis
versiebi.
saqarTvelos bunebis komponentebi
• reliefis ZiriTadi formebi da tipebi;
• atmosferos cirkulaciis ZiriTadi
Taviseburebebi;
• havis ZiriTadi elementebi;
• Sida wylebi (mdinareebi, tbebi,
myinvarebi, wyalsacavebi);
• Savi zRva;
• flora da fauna.
26
NAEC.GE
saqarTvelos
sursebi
bunebrivi
re­
garemosdacviTi problemebi
da stiqiuri movlenebi
• saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani resursebis
geografia (saTbob-energetikuli, Savi
da feradi liTonebi, saSeni masalebi,
mineraluri da Termuli wylebi).
• atmosferos, wylisa da niadagis
dabinZureba;
• miwisZvra, mewyeri, zvavi, Rvarcofi,
wyaldidoba, setyva.
bunebis dacva
• daculi teritoriebis geografia da
saqarTvelos mosaxleoba
• mosaxleobis raodenoba, teritoriuli
tipebi, Seqmnis mizezebi da miznebi,
mniSvneloba da dacvis gansakuTrebuli
obieqtebi.
ganlageba da dinamika;
• mosaxleobis struqtura (sqesobriv-
asakobrivi, erovnuli, eTnikuri,
religiuri);
• demografiuli da migraciuli procesebi;
• saqalaqo da sasoflo dasaxlebebis
geografia, urbanizacia.
saqarTvelos meurneoba
• mrewveloba, soflis meurneoba,
saqarTvelos regionebi
• Tbilisi, kaxeTi, samegrelo da zemo
momsaxurebis sfero.
svaneTi, qvemo qarTli, mcxeTa-mTianeTi,
imereTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, raWa-leCxumi
da qvemo svaneTi, Sida qarTli, guria,
aWara, afxazeTi (mdebareoba, teritoria,
sazRvrebi, bunebrivi pirobebi da
resursebi, mosaxleoba, ekonomika,
RirSesaniSnaobebi).
literatura
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier grifirebuli saxelmZRvaneloebi geografiaSi VII-XI kl.
27
NAEC.GE
sarCevi
rCevebi qimiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis................................3
skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programa qimiaSi..........................................3
rCevebi fizikis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis........................... 10
2013 - 2014 saswavlo wlis skolis
gamosaSvebi gamocdebis programa fizikaSi................................................... 10
rCevebi biologiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis...................... 13
skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis programa 2013 wlis
Semodgomisa da 2014 wlis gazafxulisaTvis................................................. 13
gamosaSvebi gamocdis moTxovnebi biologiaSi
araqarTulenovani skolebisaTvis.................................................................. 15
rCevebi geografiis saatestato gamocdis CambarebelTaTvis.................... 18
2013-14 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis
programa geografiaSi (qarTulenovani skolebisaTvis).............................. 18
2013-14 saswavlo wlis skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdis
programa geografiaSi (araqarTulenovani skolebisaTvis)......................... 23
28
oqtomberi 2013, #2
www.naec.ge
NAEC.GE
2013 wlis gamosaSvebi
gamocdebis programebi da
rekomendaciebi
rogor airCia profesia
guram doCanaSvilma?
"erTxel 11 wlis biWma,
romelsac vkiTxe: ra ar mogwons
mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi-Tqo?
mipasuxa, me pativs ar mcemeno...
vkiTxe, marTla Tvli, rom
mSoblebs ar uyvarxar? rogor
arao, mipasuxa, magram siyvaruli
da pativiscema sxvadasxva
rameao. mere ganazogada da Tqva,
am saqarTveloSi bavSvebs pativs
ar scemeno... " gv. 9.
borxesi, leopardi da
magiuri realizmi
rekomendaciebi
gamosaSvebi
gamocdebisTvis
saqarTvelo
saerTaSoriso
saganmanaTleblo
kvlevebSi