docdagvianebuli pasuxi baton gulbaT toraZes
download 
Report Transcription
dagvianebuli pasuxi baton gulbaT toraZes
3-10 maisi 2011 #117 (178) 3-10 maisi 2011 saxalxo moZraoba „samegrelos“ organo 30 TeTri saqarTvelos saxeliT, saqarTvelos sazianod!!! amas winaT lamis mTel msoflio mediaqselSi (am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobda saerTaSoriso vrceli internetsivrce) gaCnda sensaciuri informacia imis Taobaze, rom saqarTveloSi, erTi moxuci qalis danaSaulebrivi qmedebis gamo dazianda optikur-boWkovani kabeli, ris gamoc saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis didi nawili, somxeTi ki mTlianad aRmoCnda internetis gareSe! faqti TavisTavad aRmaSfoTebelia da Cvenc vuerTdebiT internetis momxmarebelTa savsebiT samarTlian guliswyromas. magram mainc, saWirod migvaCnia gavakeToT erTi aucilebeli ganmarteba, uaRresad sawyeni garemoebis gamo _ marTalia, msoflio sainformacio saSualebebi savsebiT samarTlianad aRniSnaven, rom es sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli moxda saqarTvelos teritoriaze, magram konkretulad arafers amboben im pirovnebis vinaobaze, vinc Caidina es sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli! yvelaferi ki ase moxda: qalaq kaspSi mcxovrebi 75 wlis qalbatoni aiastan Saqariani Tavisi ezos SemogarenSi bariT miwas CiCqnida miwis damatebiTi nakveTis dasamuSaveblad da Turme “SemTxveviT” daaziana kavkasiaSi Semomavali internetis optikurboWkovani kabeli! ai, Turme raSia saqme! mTavaria, rom es moxda saqarTveloSi da amaSi swored qarTvelebi arian damnaSaveebi, da ara qalbatoni aiastan Saqariani, romlis gvar-saxeliT SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac ki SeiZleba imis dadgena, rom es qalbatoni eTnikuri somexi gaxlavT, da ara qarTveli! magram, vimeorebT: mTavari Turme isaa, rom danaSauli saqarTvelos teritoriaze moxda! raRac Zalian moxSirda sisxlis samarTlis is danaSaulebi saqarTveloSi, romelic msoflio sazogadoebis aRSfoTebas iwvevs, magram misi Semoqmedebi, “ratomRac” qarTvelebi ar arian! aris Tu ara es SemTxveviTi movlena? ramdenime wlis win mTelma msofliom Seityo, rom saqarTveloSi teroristuli aqti mzaddeboda aSS-is maSindeli prezidentis (amJamad _ “eqs”) buSis winaaRmdeg. saqarTvelosaTvis mravali ubedurebis momtani buSi SeiZleba metsac imsaxurebdes, magram, ratom unda momzadebuliyo masze Tavdasxma saqarTvelos teritoriaze, romlis Semsrulebladac kvlav eTnikuri somexi, viRac vova grigoriani mogvevlina?@aman xom didi ziani miayena qarTveli adamianis isedac daqveiTebul saerTaSoriso avtoritets? maSin amerikelma somxebma morTes yayani: “qarTvelebi teroristebi ariano”, Cven ki krinti ar amogvaRebines Tavis dasacavad, radgan yvelaze didma “qarTvelma” saakaSvilma mkacrad gagvafrTxila: “somxebi aq arafer SuaSi arian, radgan terorists erovneba ara aqvso”! kargiT batono, Tu erovneba ara aqvT, maSin arc samSoblo unda hqondeT da aqcenti arc imaze unda gakeTdes, rom teraqti saqarTvelos teritoriaze momzaddao! Tu erTs ar vazustebT, maSin arc meore unda dazustdes, magram, maSin xom qarTvelebis dadanaSauleba veRar moxerxdeba yvela amqveyniur ubedurebebSi. dRes ki saqarTvelosaTvis saziano saqmes didi gulmodginebiT swored saqarTvelos farglebs gareT mokalaTebuli is somxebi akeTeben, romelTac lobirebas uweven maTi amerikeli milioneri Tanamemamuleebi. isini qarTvelebis lanZRva-damcirebiT da sakuTari “damsaxurebebiT” itkboben pirs? Tundac avadsaxsenebeli “yvela xelisuflebas korpad morgebuli” anastas miqoiani aiReT, romelsac stalinis sikvdilisa da berias dapatimrebis Semdeg, kremlSi, qarTvelebisaTvis saziano da somxebisaTvis sasikeTo saqmis meti araferi ukeTebia!. Sors wagviyvans amaze msjeloba, amitom, modiT kvlav am avbediT optikur-boWkovan kabels davubrundeT, romelic uneblied daaziana “sruliad udanaSaulo” dedaberma. maS ase, gamovida 75 wlis aiastana bebo bostanSi samuSaod da sruliad “SemTxveviT” (qarTvelebisaTvis, Torem ucxoelebi darwmunebuli arian, rom qarTvelebma boroti ganzraxviT daazianes kabeli) daartya bari miwas, romlis qveSac Turme optikurboWkovani kabeli gadioda! yvelaferi dResaviT naTelia, rom ara erTi “umniSvnelo” garemoeba _ sruliad ar minda otelos eWvianobis sindromiT Sepyrobil adamians davemsgavso, magram am faqtis garSemo Tavmoyrilia ramdenime “SemTxveviTi” faqtori, ratomRac kanonzomierebis STabeWdilebas stovebs. Tundac is, rom optikur-boWkovani kabeli saimedodaa daculi izolirebuli azbestis sqelkedliani milebiT da misi dazianeba aramc Tu xelebakankalebul dauZlurebul dedabers, aramed janian axalgazrda kacsac ki ueWvelad gauWirdeba. viTom esec SemTxveviTia? SemTxveviTia is, rom udidesi mecnieri, qarTuli saqmisaTvis Tavgadadebuli cxonebuli guram SaraZe eTnikurma somexma, dRisiT- sergei kremliovi 6 beria _ XX saukunis saukeTeso menejeri 4 Targmani roland jalaRaniasi guri otobaia 11 dagvianebuli pasuxi baton gulbaT toraZes 5 marTlac ityvis, saqarTvelo arSemdgari saxelmwifoao, da marTalic iqneba, radgan “Semdgari” saxelmwifo, upirvelesad, sakuTari moqalaqeebis keTildReobaze unda zrunavdes da ara sakuTar Cinovnikebsa da gadamTielebze. an, rogor SeiZleba Semdgarad CaiTvalos saxelmwifo, romlis teritoriis 20 procents qveynis xelisufleba ver akontrolebs. rogor SeiZleba Semdgarad CaiTvalos is saxelmwifo, romelsac tirania marTavs da sadac adamianis sicocxle nulis fasia! Sors midis Cveni SiSiT dazafruli CarCi xelisufleba, romelsac nebismieri aranacionali SeZlebuli adamiani SiSis zars hgvris. amas winaT yayani atexes, rom opozicias mxarSi amoudga viRac kote gogelia, romlis qoneba 50 milion dolars Seadgenso. da es maSin, roca Tavad 50 milioni dolari jibis xurda fulad miaCniaT, roca sra-sasaxleebs iSeneben da yiduloben da portugaliaSi meZavebs aTiaTasobiT dolars axarjaven! aba, magaT raSi enaRvlebaT, Tu vin gayvlefs qarTvel adamians: somexi, osi, azerbaijaneli, Turqi Tu amerikeli... an is saxelmwifo Tu SeiZleba CaiTvalos Semdgar saxelmwifod, romelic ar daicavs ubralo Telavel glexkacs domenti gagniZes, romelmac kibo daamarcxa da pirSi Calagamovlebuli datova msoflio medicinis grandebi. axla ki, imis nacvlad, rom saqarTvelos xelisufleba saTanado sabuTebs agrovebdes domenti gagniZis nobelis premiaze warsadgenad, viRac ujiSo naZiralebs agulianeben sasamarTloSi saCivlelad, raTa am genialuri mignebis avtori cixeSi Casvan da wamlis mafiam kvlav Tavxedurad i parpaSos socialurad da ekonomikurad lamis miwasTan gasworebul saqarTveloSi! magram, es ukve Cveni Sida satkivaria! RmerTma damifaros rasistuli miswrafebebisagan, magram faqti saxezea da mas gverds ver avuvliT! mivmarTavT Cven Zmebs, im somxebs, romlebsac CvensaviT stkivaT saqarTvelo da arc Tu usafuZvlod miaCniaT saqarTvelo Tavis meore samSoblod: Tqven didi avtoriteti gaqvT rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve somxeTSi, Tqveni sjeraT, Tqven uyvarxarT da Tqven gendobian Tqveni Tanamemamuleebi. amitom, saWiroa ganemartos maT, rom Cven erTmaneTis saxelsa da Rirsebas unda gavufrTxildeT, Cven RmerTma erTad Tanacxovreba dagvabeda da Zlierebi maSin viyaviT, roca erTmaneTs vedeqiT mxarSi da ara maSin, roca erTmaneTs daundoblad vebrZodiT! nuTu es ar aris sakmarisi Sesabamisi daskvnebis gamosatanad?! 2-3 8 Salva “iehj,eve” breusi: samegrelo daviT dadianis dros „rkinigza mebiusis lents hgavs“ 5 mzisiT, qalaqis centrSi mohkla gansakuTrebuli cinizmiT? an iqneb isic SemTxveviTi ambavia, rom Tbilisis sastumro “qorTiard meriotSi” frangi stumari aseve eTnikurma somexma, mcirewlovanma eldar mikirtiCianma TvalSisacemi cinikuri gulgrilobiT mohkla. axlaxan qarTvelma samarTaldamcavebma afioraSi gamoaaSkaraves “privatbankis” gare gayidvebis agenti amaiak grigoriani, romelic TaRliTurad sZalavda fuls moqalaqeebs! cota bevri “SemTxveviToba” xom ar aris? am mkvlelobebisa da danaSaulobebis miRma xom saqarTvelo, qarTveli xalxis avtoriteti dgas, radgan, yvelafer avsa Tu kargze, rac xdeba saqarTveloSi, qarTveli adamiania pasuxismgebeli! swored amgvari faqtebis erT asxmad Segroveba utexavs qarTvel adamians avtoritets, viRac-viRaceebs ki friad arakompetenturi gancxadebis gakeTebis saSualebas aZlevs: “saqarTvelo arSemdgari saxelmwifoao”! savaraudod, maT saxelmwifos mowyobis politikuri modeli aqvT mxedvelobaSi, Torem mTelma msofliom kargad icis, rom, saqarTvelos istoriis sawyisi aTaswleulebis miRma ikargeba. Tumca, sxvas ra unda vedavoT, roca Tavad Cveni prezidenti umtkicebs mTel msoflios, rom saqarTveloos, rogorc saxelmwifos istoria 2003 wlidan iwyebao. mokled, vidre rames daayrantaleb, jer ukan unda miixedo, uxerxul situaciaSi rom ar aRmoCnde. Tumca, Tu me uSualo kontaqti meqneba mezobeli qveynebis politikosebsa da istorikosebTan, msgavsi uzustobebi da gulsatkeni „gadaxrebi“ absolutur nuls gautoldeba! vimeoreb umecarTa da moSurneTa gasagonad: saqarTvelo yovelTvis Zlieri saxelmwifo iyo. mas, ubralod, arasodes hyolia iseTi arSemdgari xelisufleba, rogoric dRes hyavs da amitomac gvityapunebs yvela TavSi! ase rom, qarTveli kacis amagis damfasebeli dRes aRaravinaa dedamiwis zurgze! amitomac gvazis Tavze yoveli juris aramzada! saqarTveloSi romeli investoric Semovida, imdeni Tavisi rjulis muSa Camoiyvana, gaubedurebuli qarTveli kaci ki kvlav umuSevrad aris darCenili da mxolod RvTis wyalobis imedi aqvs. amis dasturad Tundac azerbaijanuli kompania “sokari” gamodgeba, romelic mxolod marneuleli da gardabneli TaTrebiTaa dakompleqtebuli. ra Tqma unda, yovelive amis Semxedvare, romelime obivateli 9 maisi germanul faSizmze gamarjvebis dRea 2 ilori 9 maisi germanul faSizmze gamarjvebis dRea 3-10 maisi 2011 gmirebad ar ibadebian, gmirebi xdebian!.. bavSvobaSi verc ki warmoidgendnen, rom maTi saxelebi mTel sabWoTa kavSirze gadaiquxebda da sanimuSod iqceoda momavali TaobebisaTvis. mSvidobianobis dros isini ubralo muSebi, mosamsaxureebi, glexebi iyvnen. magram, rogorc ki samSoblos mteri moadga, samuSao adgilebi miatoves, iaraRi aiRes xelSi da mters samSoblos gulisaken mimaval gzaze gadaeRobnen. bevri maTgani gaiwvies samamulo omSi, bevrma pirtitvela ymawvilebma ki, miuxedavad xelisuflebis winaaRmdegobisa, sabuTebis gayalbebiT asaki moimates da moxalised Caeweren mebrZolTa rigebSi. im mZime Jams mamakacebTan erTad Cveni qalebic omobdnen, bevri maTgani sanitari da medicinis da gaxldaT da mteri arc maT indobda _ uamravi umwikvlo, siyvaruls uziarebeli qaliSvili STainTqa im sastik da daundobel omSi! bevr ojaxs fotosuraTic ki ar darCa maT mosagonrad. dagvrCa mxolod maT mosagonad qawerili leqsebi, Tundac suliT xorcianad qarTveli, SesaniSnavi poetis gogla leoniZis amonakvnesi, romelmac sicocxleSi vera da ver ijera guli omSi daRupul qarTvel devgmirTa datirebiT; iyvnen isini aRmarTulebi erT myar kedlad. qarTvelsa da russ dResac erTi mteri hyavs _ ujiSo gadamTielTa xrova, romlebic yovelnairad cdiloben erTiani warsuli daaviwyon Cvens xalxebs da erTmaneTis dauZinebel mtrebad gvaqcion. swored am xrovis Segnebuli mtruli da gamTiSveluri moqmedebis Sedegi gaxlavT is, rom didi samamulo omis qarTveli veteranebi didi xania monawileobas ar iReben moskovSi gamarTul gamarjvebis aRlumSi. 9 maisis gamarjvebis aRlumi ki marTlac warmoudgenelia qarTveli veterani meomrebis monawileobis gareSe. es igivea, simReridan rom sityvebi amoagdo. usityvod simRera ki zmuils ufro waagavs, da me swored azmuvlebul saqonels Sevadarebdi im vai politikosebs, romelTac yvelaferi gaakeTes saimisod, rom qarTveli veteranebi moskovSi ar Casuliyvnen. gamoricxulia, rom 9 maisis aRlumze samadlobeli siyvebi ar iTqvas am gamarjvebis sulisCamdgmelis, saamyo qarTvelis, didi mxedarTmTavris ioseb stalinis mimarT, gamoricxulia, rom ar gaixsenon sabWoTa kavSiris marSlebis lavrenti berias da arCil gelovanis stalinis Zeglis afeTqebaSi. savsebiT bunebrivia, rom rusma samxedroebma pirad Seuracxyofad miiRes amgvari araadamianuri SemoTavazeba da gori ise dastoves, rom stalinis Zegls erTi nakawric ki ar damCnevia. samagierod, Semdeg nacionalebma Cveuli mzakvrobiT, Ramis sibneleSi moxsnes qurdulad stalinis Zegli qalaqis centridan! mainc ver miaRwies sawadels gaqarTvelebulma manqurTebma, Tumca is ki mainc moaxerxes, rom qarTveli veteranebi moskovSi ar gamgzavrebuliyvnen. modi da amtkice amis Semdeg, rom rusi Cveni mteria, TargamaZe ki megobari! ar ician am udReurebma, rom qarTveli eri yovelTvis zizRiT moixseniebs maთ saxelებs, maSin, roca wesieri msoflio dResac krZalviTa da pativiscemiT atarebs stalinis xsovnas! magram, erTi wamiT mainc Tu warmogidgeniaT im mxcovani adamianebis gancda, romelTac didi samamulo omis mZime wlebSi sicocxlec ki ar daiSures uaRresad saSiSi da Zlieri mtris dasamarcxeblad, romlebic axla mxolod warsulis tkbil-mware mogonebebiT suldgmuloben da ixangrZliveben sicocxlis darCenil wlebs? didi Rvawli mterze gamarjvebis saqmeSi, ar SeiZleba ar gaixsenon mixeil egorovisa da meliton qanTarias saxelebi, romelTac germanul faSizmze gamarjvebis droSa aRmarTes raixstagis gumbaTze, ar SeiZleba didi pativiTa da RirsebiT ar gaixsenon is qarTveli generlebi, oficrebi, mfrinavebi, mezRvaurebi, zemdegebi, serJantebi da rigiTi jariskacebi, romelTac didi roli iTamaSes kbilebamde SeiaraRebuli germaneli faSistebis ganadgurebis saqmeSi. “civi omis” umZimes periodSic ki, roca sabWoTa kavSirs samkvdro-sasicocxlod iyo gadakidebuli mTeli kapitalisturi samyaro, TviT socialisturi sistemis Seurigebeli mtrebic ki gulaxdilad aRiarebdnen: rom ara ioseb stalinisa da sabWoTa xalxis gmiruli SemarTeba da Tavganwirva, msoflios faSizmis Wiri walekavda da mTel xalxebs gaanadgurebda. da aseT saSiS mterze gamarjvebis aRsaniSnav sazeimo RonisZiebas ar daeswrebian qarTvelebi! ufro meti uzneoba da usamarTloba marTlac warmoudgenelia! es marTlac qondriskacebi yovelnairad cdiloben miafuCeCon qarTvelebis damsaxureba faSistur germaniaze gamarjvebisa da sabWoTa kavSiris aRmSeneblobis saqmeSi. maT ar uyvarT omisa da Sromis veteranebi, radgan es adamianebi umwikvlobis nimuSs aZlevdnen momaval Taobebs. qurdsa da avazaks ki rogor SeiZleba uyvardes mSromeli, mebrZoli da patiosani, znemaRali adamiani! modiT, Tvali gadavavloT Cvens ualoes warsuls. romel zneobasa da moralze unda elaparako saqarTvelos im gadagvarebul xelisuflebas, romlis maRalCinosani givi TargamaZe 2008 wlis agvistos saomari moqmedebebis dros rus samxedroebs 50 aTas amerikul dolars sTavazobda albaT “nacionalma” umecrebma ar ician, Tu raoden did Seuracxyofas ayeneben im qarTveli Wabukebisa da qaliSvilebis xsovnas, romelTa saflavebic, Semodgomis qarisagan gatacebuli foTlebis darad mTel evropaSia mimofantuli da romelTac saxelis momxsenebelic ki aravin darCa! sainteresoa, mainc ra dauSaves Cvens jiSamotrialebul xelisuflebas am saxelovanma adamianebma, romlebic maTi samarcxvino winaprebiviT sawolis qveS ar imalebodnen da samSoblis pirveli daZaxebisTanave wavidnen frontze? sainteresoa, ra dauSava maT mamaCemma _ Salva jalaRaniam, romlis Zvlebic sadRac qerCis miwaze ganisvenebs, masTan erTad ramdenime dReSi daRupuli 170 aTasi qarTveli TanamebrZolis gverdiT, ugzo-ukvlod dakargulebad rom SemorCnen Cvens mexsierebas? ra daaSaves samamulo omidan dabrunebulma dainvalidebulma, lamis ganaxevrebulma adamianebma, romlebic xeibrobas ar eguebodnen, usasoobas ar imCnevdnen da Cvens mxardamxar Sromobdnen da iRvwodnen? aseTi ra daaSava lagodexis raionSi mcxovrebma mSromelma adamianma, 90 wels miRweulma sevarion barbaqaZem, romelic ymawvili biWi wavida omSi da dResac sxeuliT daatarebs naxevar kilogramamde germanuli Wurvis namsxvrevebs! aseTi ra daaSaves im sawyalma dedebma, mamebma, colebma, Svilebma, SvilisSvilebma, romlebic TvalamoRamebulebi amaod elodnen omSi wasulebis dabrunebas, imis imediT, rom iqneb maTi daRupvis cnoba SecdomiT gamogvigzavneso! isini xom yvelani gmirebi arian! isini xom arnaxul vaJkacobas avlendnen da dResac avlenen, imitom, rom samSoblosa da mSobeli xalxis siyvaruli iyo da aris maTi sicoxlis orientiri. nuravin ifiqrebs, rom siyvaruls naklebi vaJkacoba sWirdeba, vidre omsa da davidarabas... gamoCndeboda buqi da mtveri, korianteli amtydari camde, mtvreviT mohqroda setyvasebr mteri da qarTls urdoni TvalebiTnTqavdnen. win vin daudges warRvnaT niaRvars, qariSxlis Sexlas, cecxlis kveTebas, Tqven daudeqiT da Tqveni Tqmuli dResac anderZad guls dagvedeba! _ ara, ar ari wesi, qarTvelma mters Seubmelad zurgi uCvenos, mteri ki ara, Tugind sikvdilma samSoblos sazRvrebs SemouWenos... cxovrebaSi” erTdiax, “qarTlis erTi qarTveli sardali amayad TavaRerili eubneba TanamebrZolebs: “...ara ars wesi qarTvelTa, raTa vixiloT mteri CvenkerZ momavali, Seubmelad zurgi SemovaqcioT, daRaTu iyos sikvdili”. swored es gaxldaT qarTvel mebrZolTa cxovrebiseuli kredo _ zurgi ar SeeqciaT mtrisaTvis im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu maT sikvdilis realuri safrTxe daemuqrebodaT. amitomac, utyuari statistika RaRadebs, rom saqarTvelodan did samamulo omSi wasuli 700.000 meomaridan mxolod naxevari dabrunda Sin saRsalamaTi Tu dainvalidebuli. erT sul mosaxleze gaangariSebiT, saqarTvelom, sabWoTa kavSiris sxva respublikebTan SedarebiT, yvelaze meti Svili dahkarga am omSi. magram aris meore, gasaxareli da saamayo statistika _ saqarTvelodan wargzavnili 147 mebrZoli gaxda sabWoTa kavSiris gmiri da erT sul mosaxleze, am maCvenebliT, saqarTvelo sabWoTa kavSiris sxva respublikebs bevrad jabnis. swored amitom, roca vulocavT faSistur germaniaze gamarjvebis dResaswauls yvela didi samamulo omis monawiles da maTi ojaxis wevrebs, ar SeiZleba mowiwebiT ar movixsenioT Seupovar gmir meomarTa saxelebi da erTi kelaptris danTebiT mainc ar vamwyalobloT im uSiSar devgmirTa sulebi, romlebic sruliadac ar Seudrknen sikvdilis safrTxes da daufiqreblad mkerdi Seagebes veragi mtris mier nasrol tyvias. aravin icis, ramdenma qarTvelma jariskacma gadaarCina rusi TanamebrZoli sakuTari sicocxlis fasad, da piriqiT, ramdeni rusi jariskaci gadaefara qarTvels da sakuTar Tavze miiRo sasikvdilo dartyma. jariskacTa amgvari saqcieli maSin Cveulebrivi movlena gaxldaT, radgan maT erTmaneTi uyvardaT, erTmaneTi eimedebodaT, radgan icodnen, rom saerTo saqmes akeTebdnen. diax, es maSin sruliad Cveulebrivi movlena gaxldaT, radgan qarTvels, russ, ukrainels Tu beloruss erTi mteri hyavdaT da swored amitom aseT adamianebs rom damsaxurebul zeimze daswrebis uflebas aRukvecav, nuTu erTxel mainc ar unda daekiTxo sakuTar Tavs, marTali xar Tu ara maT winaSe. xalxis samarTlian risxvas SeiZleba gaeqce, magram sakuTar Tavs versad gaeqcevi! am werilis saTaurSi vTqvi: gmirebad ar ibadebian, gmirebi mere xdebian-meTqi. es marTlac asea _ me sruliad viziareb genetikuri xazis arsebobis Teorias (gana amitom ar Tqva galaqtionma: “jiSi, Zamia, jiSi”) da vTvli, rom gmirebad ar ibadebian, magram ibadebian meomrebad, romlebic mSvidobianobis dros ver urigdebian usamarTlobas, mzakvrobas, bezRobas, qurdobas, xazinaSi xelis faTurs, umweoTa daCagvras, sulmokleobas, omis dros ki, samSoblos pirveli daZaxebisTanave, iaraRs aisxamen da mters win aRudgebian. swored aseTi adamianebi xdebian gmirebi! amitom, vTvli, rom yvela is, vinc erTxel mainc gavida didi samamulo omis frontis xazze, ubadlo meomari, didi vaJkaci da WeSmariti gmiria! swored amitom gilocavT Cemo sayvarelo moxucebo faSistur germaniaze gamarjvebis didebul dResaswauls! guli nu dagwydebaT, Tu vinmem, nebsiT Tu uneblied guli gatkinaT, Tu saTanadod ver daafasa Tqveni Rvawli. icodeT, rom saqarTvelos progresuli sazogadoeba, qarTveli eris saRad moazrovne nawili yovelTvis muxlmodrekiT miagebs pativs Tqvens damsaxurebas erisa da qveynis winaSe! Tqvens mimarT upativcemuloba mxolod im udReurTa naSierebma SeiZleba gamoxaton, romelTa zneda- cemuli winaprebic saavadmyofoebsa da poliklinikebSi darbodnen invalidis cnobebis asaRebad da sapons Wamdnen, raTa dizenteriiT daavadebuliyvnen da omSi ar wasuliyvnen, maSin, roca bevr Tqvengans samxedro komisariati uars eubneboda gawvevaze, magram ukan mainc ar ixevdiT! swored aseTma uSiSarma giorgi maxaraSvilebma da Rimilis biWebma moiges es samkvdro-sasicocxlo omi! Tqven is xalxi ar gcemT pativs, vinc 90iani wlebis saomari movlenebis dros dubaiSi dafrinavdnen regularulad deficituri saqonlis Camosatanad da Semdeg qalis sacvlebiT vaWrobdnen xalxmraval adgilebSi! da es xdeboda maSin, roca Tbilisis aeroportSi xSirad ar iyo Tavisufali TviTmfrinavi, raTa mebrZolebi gafreniliyvnen. ra aris gasakviri imaSi, rom aseT laCrebsa da naZiralebs ar uyvardeT didebuli SromiTi da sabrZolo biografiis mqone adamianebi? samudamo am qveynad araferia, garda RmerTisa! gaivlian wlebi da (RmerTma didi xnis sicocxle misces cocxal veteranebs!) roca didi samamulo omis monawileTagan aRaravin darCeba Cvens gverdiT, Cven ar unda Segvrcxves maTi saxelebis moxsenieba da maT saxelze sanTlis danTeba. sjobs imis Segvrcxves, rom qarTvelebi amden simdables, siglaxes da Seuracxyofas vitanT xelisuflebaSi Tbilad mokalaTebul ucxotomel moZaladeTagan, romelTac arasodes hqoniaT movlenaTa realurad aRqmis unari da yoveli Zalisa da veraguli saSualebebis gamoyenebiT cdiloben imdenad daaClungon qarTveli eri, rom man erTmaneTisagan ver gaarCios mteri da moyvare. ver eRirsebian! Cveno sayvarelo veteranebo! Tqvens mier daRvrili sisxli dResac amCnevia miwas! icodes yvelam: qarTveli eris kvdoma maSin daiwyeba, roca daviwyebas miecema Tqveni amagi da Tavganwirva! janmrTelobas da dRegrZelobas gisurvebT, Cveno Zvirfasebo! roland jalaRania, 3-10 maisi 2011 3 ilori 9 maisi germanul faSizmze gamarjvebis dRea marTlac katastrofuli siswrafiT garbis dro _ ukve samocdaeqvsi weli gasula meore msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg. TiTqos guSin iyo yvelaferi _ gamarjvebis dResaswauli, Tbilisis quCebSi molaslase germaneli tyveebi, romlebic xan maTxovrobiT, xan ki sakuTari xeliT nakeTebi cibrutebisa da sarecxis samagri “Spilkebis” gayidviT cdilobdnen damatebiTi ulufa puris ramdenime naWeris Sovnas... Tavadac Zalian uWirda maSin TiTqmis xuTwliani damangreveli omidan axladgamosul sabWoTa xalxs, SimSili da siRaribe mZlavrobda lamis yvela ojaxSi, magram germaneli tyveebisaTvis oqros fasis mqone puris naWeri mainc aravis daukavebia _ yvela ugzo-ukvlod dakarguli jariskacis momlodineTa fiqri im mtanjvel azrs utrialebda, rom iqneb Cemianic ase dadis sadRac Sors da maTxovrobiT irCens Tavso. didi iyo imedi im xalxisac ki, visac axloblis daRupvis cnoba esvena saxlSi. xom xdeboda Sevdoma im oromtrialSi? mravali jariskaci, romlis ojaxsac misi daRupvis cnoba hqonda miRebuli, Semdeg saR-salamaTi dabrunda! iqneb, axlac?.. mravalma TvalamoRamebulma momlodinem mxolod am imediT daRlilma datova es codvili wuTisofeli, ise, rom Tavisi saTayvanebeli adamianis saboloo gansasvenebeli TvaliT ar uxilavs! “Sinmousvleli” iyo maTi saxeli! marTlac daujerebeli gamarjveba moi pova 1945 wels sabWoTa xalxma, Cvenma jariskacebma sabediswerod Semoatriales brZolis Carxi maSin, roca mteri ukve moskovis misadgomebTan Tan idga da sabWoa kavSiris damarcxeba-ganadgurebas TiTqos xels aRaraferi uSlida. Svidas oci aTasi jariskaci wavida maSin saqarTvelodan meore msoflio omSi da naxevarze meti darCa iq. es marTlac warmoudgenlad didi msxverpli gaxldaT Cvennairi mcirericxovani erisaTvis, magram imdenad didi iyo mterze gamarjvebis Jini, rom omisaTvis Tavis arideba samarcxvino saqme gaxldaT. axla gvinda mogiTxroT sabWoTa kavSirSi umaRlesi sabWoTa samxedro wodebis mqone im sam did qarTvelze, romlebmac gadamwyveti roli iTamaSes germanul faSizmze gamarjvebisa da qveynis Semdgomi gaZlierebis saqmeSi. sabWoTa kavSiris generalisimusi ioseb besarionis Ze stalini (1879 _ 1953) saerTaSoriso arenaze msoflio proletariatis beladad aRiarebuli ioseb besarionis Ze stalini daibada 1879 wlis 21 dekembers, saqarTvelos istoriul qalaq gorSi, mewaRe xelosnis ojaxSi. revoluciuri moRvaweobisaTvis 1899 wels garicxes gimnaziidan, ris Semdegac aralegalurad daiwyo cxovreba da gaxda profesionali revolucioneri. stalinma gaiara metad rTuli da brZolebiT aRsavse revolucioneris gza. aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo carizmis TviTmpyrobelobis damxobaSi _ 1917 wlis oqtombris socialisturi revoluciis momzadebasa da ganxorcielebaSi. samoqalaqo omisa da ucxoeTis samxedro intervenciis periodSi stalini asrulebda rkp (b) ck-isa da sabWoTa mTavrobis mTel rig sapasuxismgeblo davalebebs: iyo ruseTis respublikis samxedro sabWos wevri, petrogradis dacvis erT-erTi organizatori, samxreTis, dasavleTis, samxreT-dasavleTis frontebis samxedro sabWos wevri, sruliad ruseTis centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis warmomadgeneli muSaTa da glexTa Tavdacvis sabWoSi. ioseb stalinma Tavi gamoiCina, rogorc unarianma da gonierma samxedro-politikurma moRvawem. swored am didi gamocdilebis safuZvelze, qarizmatuli niWis wyalobiT Camoyalibda ioseb stalini, rogorc gamorCeuli saxelmwifo moRvawe da mxedarTmTavari. stalins miniWebuli hqonda socialisturi Sromis gmiris (1939), sabWoTa kavSiris gmiris (1945), sabWoTa kavSiris marSlis (1943), agreTve, umaRlesi samxedro tituli _ sabWoTa kavSiris generalisimusis wodeba (1945). 1941-1945 wlebSi ioseb stalini xelmZRvanelobda partiis mravalmxriv moRvaweobas ssrk Tavdacvis ganmtkicebisa da faSisturi germaniis ganadgurebis organizebisaTvis. 1941 wlis 6 maiss ioseb stalini dainiSna ssrk saxkomsabWos Tavmjdomared, 1941 wlis 30 ivniss _ ssrk Tavdacvis saxelmwifo komitetis Tavmjdomared, 19 ivliss ssrk xelmZRvanelobda Tbilisis saqalaqo patriul organizacias da agreTve amierkavkasiis samxareo komitets. saqarTveloSi misi muSaobis dros ganxorcielda Cveni qveynis dedaqalaqis generaluri rekonstruqcia, aSenda saxlebi, quCebi, parkebi. 1938-1953 wlebSi muSaobda moskovSi. 1946 wlamde iyo ssrk Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisari, 1941 wels dainiSna ssrk saxkomsabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgiled. meore msoflio iyo ruseTisaTvis, rom umZ- omis dros iyo ssr kavSiris saxelmwifo imesi gansacdelis Jams Tavdacvis komitetis wevri, xolo 1944 qveyanas saTaveSi Caudga wlis maisidan Tavmjdomaris geniosi da udreki moadgile, 1953 wels dainiSna mxedarTmTavari stalini... ssrk ministrTa sabWos Tavmjigi gaxldaT uCveulo domaris pirvel moadgiled. rTuli pirovneba. man Seqmna 1943 wels mieniWa socialisda daimorCila uzarmazari turi Sromis gmiris, 1945 wels imperia. igi iyo kaci, romel- _ sabWoTa kavSiris marSlis ic Tavis mters musravda wodeba. lavrenti pavles Ze beriam mtrisave xeliT. stalini udidesi roli Seasrula iyo udidesi diqtatori, mZlavri sabWoTa imperiis saxromelsac badali ar hyavda elmwifo aparatis SeqmnaSi, kermsoflioSi, _ kaci, romelmac Zod, msoflioSi marTlac Caibara xiskaviani ruseTi unikaluri sadazvervo sisda datova atomurbombiani temis CamoyalibebaSi. misi uSusaxelmwifo. istoria, kaco- alo xelmZRvanelobiT ganxbrioba aseT adamianebs ar orcielda araerTi samagaliTo operacia, rac saxelmwifos iviwyebs”. mier meoce saukunis uaxlesi fundamenturi samecniero aRsabWoTa kavSiris moCenebis dauflebaSi gamoixata. yovelive es beriam maRal marSali profesiul doneze Caatara. lavrenti pavles 1943 wlis damlevs mas daevala yvelaze pasuxsagebi da Ze beria saidumlo proeqtis _ atomuri (1899 _ 1953) bombis Seqmnis xelmZRvaneloba. saqarTvelos ulamazes proeqtis xorcSesxmaSi monawsofel merxeulSi dabadebulma ileobdnen cnobili sabWoTa lavrenti pavles Ze beriam 1919 mecnierebi. akademikosma kurwels daamTavra baqos Catovma araerTxel aRiara, rom, teqnikuri saswavlebeli da Tu ara lavrenti berias ubadswavla ganagrZo baqos po- lo organizatoruli niWi da liteqnikur institutSi. beria muxlCauxreli, daZabuli Sroma, adreuli periodidan Caeba sabWoTa atomuri bombis Seqmna politikur moZraobaSi. azer- mravali wliT gadaideboda. baijanSi sabWoTa xelisumeore msoflio omSi sruflebis damyarebamde beria liad gamovlinda berias samxeiatakqveSa partiul muSaobas dro niWi _ kavkasiaSi gereweoda, risTvisac daapatimres maneli faSistebis SemoWris da Tavisuflebas mxolod aRmkveTi zomebis miRebis saxazerbaijanis gasabWoebis iT. Semdeg eRirsa. 1920 wlis agvis15 weli edga saTaveSi beria todan beria muSaobda azer- sabWoTa strategiul dazvervas, romlis sworupovar profesionalad iTvleboda. flobda rva enas. rogorc irkveva, berias SemuSavebuli hqonda socializmis modernizaciis gegma, kerZo seqtoris gaZlierebis koncefcia, Ria, demokratiuli saxelmwifos aSenebis paradigma. magram yovelive es mas ar dascalda _ Sinapartiuli binZuri intrigebis msxverplad iqca. swored lavrenti berias didi damsaxureba gaxldaT is, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi Seiqmna atomuri bombi, ramac qveyana praqtikulad gadaarCina amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis birTvuli agresiisagan. lavrenti beria veragulad baijanis kompartiis (b) ck-is mokles 54 wlis asakSi, maSin, aparatSi. rodesac mas SeeZlo sabWoTa 1921-1931 wlebSi azerbaija- imperiis gardaqmna. berias nis, saqarTvelosa da sikvdilidan 58 weli gavida, amierkavkasiis federaciis sax- Tumca, dResac burusiT aris elmwifo politikuri sam- moculi misi xanmokle, magram marTvelos (sagangebo komisiis) boboqari cxovrebis araerTi organoebSi xelmZRvaneli epizodi. miuxedavad amisa, Tanamdebobebi ekava. 1931-1938 msoflios cnobili sadazvervo wlebSi muSaobda saqarTvelos saqmis profesionalebi mas kp (b) centraluri komitetis meoce saukunis upirveles pirvel mdivnad, erTdroulad mzveravs uwodeben. Tavdacvis saxalxo komisrad, 8 agvistos _ ssrk SeiaraRebuli Zalebis umaRles mTavarsardlad, rogorc sabWoTa saxelmwifos meTauri, monawileobda sami mokavSire saxelmwifos _ ssrk-is, aSSisa da didi britaneTis Teiranis (1943), yirimisa da potsdamis (1945) konferenciebSi. 1959 wlis 21 dekembers _ stalinis dabadebis 80 wlisTavze londonis TemTa palataSi uinston CerCilma ganacxada: “didi bedniereba sainJinro jarebis marSali arCil viqtoris Ze gelovani (1915-1978) daibada cageris raionis sofel spaTagorSi. igi iyo sainJinro jarebis marSali (1977), sabWoTa kavSiris Tavdacvis ministris moadgile samxedro mSeneblobisa da jarebis dabinavebis dargSi (1974-1978), leninuri (1968) da saxelmwifo (1977) premiebis laureati, sabWoTa da ucxoeTis ordenebis kavaleri. samxedro-sazRvao flotSi samsaxuri daiwyo 1939 wels, skolisa da industriuli institutis samSeneblo fakultetis damTavrebis Semdeg. daamTavra leningradis umaRlesi samxedro-sazRvao saswavlebelTan arsebuli moklevadiani kursebi. did samamulo omSi, Savi zRvis mTel flotTan erTad, arCil gelovanis sainJinro SenaerTebi TavdadebiT ibrZodnen da Sromobdnen _ maTi upirvelesi movaleoba iyo sazRvao bazis dacvisaTvis maRlobebze sanapiro saartilerio batareebis dayeneba, tanksawinaaRmdego kvanZebis mowyoba, sazenito artileriis sabrZolo poziciebis gamarTva... monawileobda sevastopolis, yirimis kavkasiis dacvaSi. jer kidev erT-erT pirvel sabrZolo wardginebaSi “brZolebis vkiTxulobT: dros aris gabeduli, mSvidi da moxerxebuli, windaxeduli da Zlieri nebisyofis meTauri”. meore msoflio omis Semdeg igi Seudga dangreuli qalaqebis aRdgenas. TiTqmis miwasTan gasworebuli sevastopoli arCil gelovanis uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT aRorZinda, risTvisac sevastopolis sapatio moqalaqed airCies. 1962 wlidan msaxurobda strategiuli daniSnulebis saraketo jarebSi da ssrk Tavdacvis saministros centralur aparatSi. piradad meTaurobda urTulesi zesaidumlo sainJinro-TavdacviTi da kosmosuri obieqtebis mSeneblobas. 1974 wlidan dainiSna ssrk Tavdacvis ministris moadgiled samxedro mSeneblobisa da jarebis dabinavebis dargSi, 1977 wels ki samxedro inJiner-mSenebelTa Soris pirvels mieniWa sainJinro jarebis marSlis umaRlesi samxedro wodeba. igi mravalmxriv ganaTlebuli pirovneba gaxldaT _ SesaniSnavad xatavda, ukravda fortepianoze, deklamirebda qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebze, uyvarda literatura, Teatri, kino... 4 ilori 3-10 maisi 2011 beria XX sergei kremliovi saukunis saukeTeso menejeri Targmani axla ki muzrukovis Temas ramdenadme gadavuxvev da moviyvan lavrenti berias mier 1947 wlis 27 ivniss gagzavnil erT-erT mniSvnelovan direqtivas, romelic, marTalia, piradad mis mier ar aris xelmowerili, magram misi xeliTaa Sedgenili: “amxanagebs kruglovs, vannikovs, zaveniagins, CerniSovs (ssrk Sinagan saqmeTa ministris moadgile), borisovs (pirveli mTavari sammarTvelo da saxelmwifo sagegmo komiteti), komarovskis (mSeneblobis didi specialisti, ssrk Sinsaxkomis “mTavarxidmSenis” sammarTvelos ufrosi): saswrafod ganixileT slavskisa da tkaCenkos werili da momaxseneT #859 obieqtze mimdinare samuSaoebTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli zomebis Sesaxeb. daukavSirdiT amxanag xruliovs (sabWoTa armiis zurgis samsaxuris ufrosi) da kaftanovs (ssrk umaRlesi ganaTlebis ministri) da maTTan erTad SeimuSaveT #859-e mSeneblobaze aucilebeli raodenobis umaRlesdamTavrebuli umcrosi da saSualo inJiner-teqnikuri personalis, axalgazrda mSeneblebis da samxedro-samSeneblo batalionebis sameTauro Semadgenlobis gamwesebis Sesaxeb. amxanagma kruglovma 2-3 TviT miavlinos #859 obieqtis mSeneblobaze Tavisi moadgile CerniSovi, samuSao procesebze xelmZRvanelobis gasaZliereblad, adgilze yvela aucilebeli RonisZiebis gasatareblad, raTa obieqti droulad da xarisxianad iqnes gaSvebuli eqsploataciaSi, mTavrobis dadgenilebis Sesabamisad. amxanagebma CerniSovma, zaveniaginma, kurCatovma, komarovskim, borisovma, romlebic Cadian mSeneblobaze, adgilze ganixilon #817 qarxnis samSeneblo da samontaJo samuSaoebis mimdinareoba, miiRon aucilebeli zomebi da Sedegebis Sesaxeb momaxsenon. amxanagebma kruglovma da vannikovma pirad kontrolze aiyvanon #817 qarxnis samSeneblo-samontaJo samuSaoebis mimdinareoba da yovel 10 dReSi momaxsenon miRebuli zomebis Taobaze da adgilze arsebuli mdgomareoba. l. beria” magram mdgomareoba ar umjobesdeboda da 1947 wlis 8 ivliss beria piradad Cavida #10-e bazaSi, Tanamdebobidan gaanTavisufla direqtori p.t. bistrovi da mis adgilze daniSna efim pavles Ze slavski (Cven kidev bevrjer SevxvdebiT mas). magram slavskisac gauCnda problemebi da uralSi gaemgzavra ssrk satransporto manqanaTmSeneblobis ministri a. maliSevi, romelic xuT TveSi dawinaurebul iqna ssrk ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgiled. ukve warmoiqmna konfliqti Zalauflebismoyvare maliSevsa da sakuTar TavSi zedmetad darwmunebul slavskis Soris. viaCeslav aleqsandres Zem daureka berias da mosTxova, rom saswrafod moexsnaT slavski. amis Sedegad 1947 wlis 20 oqtombers beria kvlav Cavida kombinatSi. da maSin maliSevma SesTavaza, rom slavski muzrukoviT SeecvalaT, romelsac beria da maliSevi kargad icnobdnen jer kidev satanko dargidan, kerZod _ “uralmaSidan”. lavrenti pavles Ze daeTanxma da stalins mimarTa, Tanxmobis miRebis Semdeg ki muzrukovi moskovSi gamoiZaxa. moismina ra berias winadadeba (da ara brZaneba!), boris glebis Ze Cafiqrda _ es saqme misTvis sruli siaxle iyo. da, ai, rogor moiqca beria... mas fexebi ar daubakunebia (Cemis azriT, igi arasodes ar abakunebda fexebs da magidaze muStebs ar urtyamda _ es ar gaxldaT misi stili). man brZanebis gacemisagan Tavi Seikava man jer erTmaneTs Seaxvedra kurCatovi da muzrukovi. da kurCatovma operatiuli da amomwuravi “likbezis” kursi Cautara Tavis potenciur kolegas. mxolod amis Semdeg mivida muzrukovi beriasTan da Tanxmoba ganucxada SemoTavazebaze. pirveli... kurCatovi manamdec formalurad iTvleboda kombinatis samecniero xelmZRvanelad, magram muzrukovma iTxova, rom kurCatovi (ra Tqma unda, misi TanxmobiT) daeniSnaT direqtoris dargobriv moadgiled. meore... kombinatis generaluri proeqtis pasuxismgebeli wamomadgenlebi _ gspi-11 da samontaJo samuSaoebis generaluri Semsrulebeli _ qimiuri manqanaTmSeneblobis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti, aseve pirveli mTavari sammarTvelo, samSeneblo-samontaJo samuSaoebs unda xelmZRvanelobdnen ara moskovidan da leningradidan, aramed adgilze unda wyvetdnen yvela saWirboroto da problemur sakiTxs, muzrukovTan erTad. Tavidan slavskis ramdenime safexuriT daqveiTeba hqondaT ganzraxuli, magram muzrukovis TxovniT igi mTeli kombinatis mTavar inJinrad datoves. slavski Tavdauzogavad muSaobda (maSin dasxivebas kombinatSi iRebda yvela, maT Soris xelmZRvanelobac), igi gaxda samgzis socialisturi Sromis gmiri da pirveli varskvlavi lavrenti berias dros miiRo. magram, samwuxarod slavski avmexsieri gamodga da mTeli sicocxle atara boRma muzrukovze, miuxedavad imisa, rom slavski mogvianebiT “atomuri” ministri gaxda. muzrukovi, romelmac socialisturi Sromis gmiris pirveli varskvlavi satanko saqmeebisaTvis miiRo, xolo meore _ sabWoTa plutoniumisaTvis, veRar eRirsa mesame varskvlavs, miuxedavad imisa, rom 17 weli efeqturad xelmZRvanelobda (1955 wlidan 1972 wlamde) “arzamas _16”-s. sityvisaTvis, am ukanasknel faqtTan berias araviTari damokidebuleba ar gaaCnia, magram rac Seexeba muzrukovis winadadebas, igi ar aRuSfoTebia, mTlianad daeTanxma slavskis sakiTxSi da yovelmxrivi daxmarebac aRuTqva. es ki TavisTavad metyvelebs, rom beriasaTvis absoluturad ucxo da miuRebeli gaxldaT arajansaRi ambicia da Wirveuli pativmovareoba. amis Semdeg ki lavrenti berias saxeli arajansaRi Worebisa da ciliswamebis burusSi gaxvies. mogvianebiT, igive slavskis CamoqveiTebas iaraRis dargSi momuSave sabWoTa specialistebi sakuTar memuarebSi darwmunebiT swerdnen, rom mecnieris devnis mizezi TiTqos beria iyo, romelic odesRac uxeSad moeqca slavskis. araviTar SemTxvevaSi! beria gamodioda mxolod saqmis interesebidan gamomdinare da did pativs miagebda mas, vinc misi cxovrebis wesiT cxovrobda... da Tu isini ideis adamianebi iyvnen, beria maT seriozul Secdomebsac ki patiobda. magaliTad, ukve #817 kombinatis direqtoris postze yofnisas muzrukovma, pirveli mTavari samarTvelos saTanado sanqciis gareSe, samuSaoze, miiwvia “reJimis” TvalsazrisiT arc Tu mTlad saimedo pirovneba. es SemTxveva TviT stalinis gansjis sagnadac ki iqca, magram saqme mxolod direqtoris mkacri gafrTxilebiT Semoifargla da muzrukovma roland jalaRaniasi piroba dasdo, rom msgavs SemTxvevas mis praqtikaSi adgili aRar eqneboda. sul “sorokovkaSi” beria oTxjer Cavida. misi meore Casvla _ 1947 wlis 20 oqtombers, dasrulda muzrukovis direqtorad daniSvniT. 1949 wlis oqtomberSi ki Cavida mesamed, raTa iqaurebi gmiruli SromisaTvis daejildovebina. rac TvalsaCinoa _ “Celiabinsk-40”Si beriam Caatara specialuri komitetis 86-e sxdoma uprecedento dRis wesrigiT. igi iyo erT-erTi iSviaTi gamsvleli sxdoma da, miuxedavad imisa, rom blankze tipografiuli SriftiT iyo miTiTebuli “q. moskovi, kremli”, igi melniT iyo gadaSlili da mis nacvlad xeliT hqonda miwerili “kombinati #817”. mTeli sxdoma erT sakiTxs mieZRvna, misi oqmi ki imdenad STambeWdavia, rom me mas srulad gamovaqveyneb! axla legendad aris qceuli is ambavi, rom qalaqis gastronomSi Sesuli beria rogor Sexvda erT-erT rigiT momxmarebels, romelic ukmayofilebas ver malavda maRaziaSi produqtebis asortimentis simwiris gamo. SeiZleba es marTlac legenda iyos, magram sxdomis oqmi realobis amsaxveli istoriuli dokumenti gaxlavT. ai, isic: “22 oqtomberi 1949 weli #817 kombinati sruliad saidumlod (gansakuTrebuli saqaRalde) eswrebodnen: amxanagebi l.p. beria, b.l. vannikovi, i.v. kurCatovi, b.a. maxnevi. monawileobdnen (Sesabamisi sakiTxebis ganxilvisas): amxanagebi ssrk saxelmwifo sagegmo komisiis Tavmjdomaris moadgile borisovi, ssrk ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgilis TanaSemwe sazikini, ssrk Sinsaxkomis mTavarmrewvmSenis ufrosi komarovski, sakavSiro kompartiis (b) saolqo komitetis mdivani beloborodovi, #817 kombinatis direqtori muzrukovi, ssrk Sinagan saqmeTa saministros #247 mSeneblobis ufrosi carevski, kombinatis mTavari inJineri slavski, ssrk ministrTa sabWos rwmunebuli tkaCenko, kombinatis direqtoris moadgile bistrovi, kombinatis direqtoris moadgile kadrebis dargSi morkovini, kombinatis mSeneblobis politganyofilebis ufrosi antonovi, kombinatis direqtoris moadgile muSaTa momaragebis xaziT smirnovi, kombinatis direqtoris moadgile sayofacxovrebo dargSi ovCinnikovi, kombinatis sanitaruli nawilis ufrosi moiscevi, kombinatis mSeneblobis kvebisa da vaWrobis sammarTvelos ufrosi ivanovi. #817 kombinatis TanamSromelTa uzrunvelyofis kuTxiT vaWrobaSi, kulturul samosamsaxureo da samedicino sferoebSi arsebuli Cavardnebis Sesaxeb (amx. beria) 1. daevalos amxanagebs kostigovs, muzrukovs, carevskis, Cestnixs da paniCkins 5 dReSi gadaamowmon # 817 kombinatis TanamSromelTa uzrunvelyofis kuTxiT vaWrobaSi, kulturul samosamsaxureo da samedicino sferoebSi arsebuli Cavardnebis mizezebi, miiRon saswrafo zomebi am Cavardnebis aRmosafxvrelad da damnaSave pirebs pasuxismgeblobis dasayeneblad. #817 kombinatis TanamSromelTa uzrunvelyofis kuTxiT vaWrobaSi, kulturul samosamsaxureo da samedicino sferoebSi arsebuli naklovanebebis aRmosafxvrelad aucilebeli Sesabamisi winadadebebi warmoadginon ssrk ministrTa sabWoSi 7 dRis vadaSi. 2. daevalos ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebul pirvel mTavar sammarTvelos, rom erTi Tvis vadaSi gadaamowmos #817 kombinatis Tanam- SromelTa uzrunvelyofis kuTxiT vaWrobaSi, kulturul samosamsaxureo da samedicino sferoebSi arsebuli mdgomareoba da Semowmebis Sedegebi warmomidginos piradad me. sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli specialuri komitetis Tavmjdomare l. beria” TviT sxdomaze gamocxadebul pirTa Semadgenloba cxadyofs, rom es iyo “socialur” mTlianad sakiTxs miZRvnili farTo RonisZieba, sadac gaixsenes uklebliv yvela qmediTi socialuri da sayofacxovrebo sakiTxi. da mkiTxveli eWvs nu Seitans imaSi, rom sxdoma mowveuli iyo swored lavrenti berias mier. igi xom jer kidev oci wlis winaT zrunavda baqoSi muSebis socialuri problemebis mogvarebaze. da im Soreuli dReebis gakveTilebi aiTvisa imdenad mkvidrad, rogorc WeSmarit sazogado moRvawe lider-bolSeviks ekadreboda. ra Tqma unda, “sorokovkas” teritoriaze gamarTuli speckomitetis sagangebo sxdomis kompetencia aSkarad scildeboda am qalaqis cxovrebis farglebs. ambavi imis Taobaze, rom lavrenti beriam muzrukovTan Caatara aseTi seriozuli RonisZieba, wamierad moedo mTel sabWoTa kavSirs da igi mxedvelobaSi miiRo ssrk yvela “atomuri” obieqtis yvela direqtorma, raTa Tavadac ar aRmoCeniliyvnen uxerxul mdgomareobaSi. savaraudoa, rom swored es hqonda mxedvelobaSi lavrenti berias, roca #817-e kombinatSi Caatara speckomitetis gamsvleli sxdoma. ai, qalaq sarovSi (“arzamas-16”), general zernovTan da profesor xaritonTan beria arcerTxel ar Casula. legendebi amis Taobazec uxvad arsebobs, magram is, rom uSualod atomuri bombis Seqmnis adgilze beria arcerTxel ar Casula, es dokumenturadaa dadasturebuli. beriam, amerikidan wamosul yvela “atomur” sadazvervo samuSaoebze daSvebis uflebis mqone kurCatovze aranakleb kargad icoda, rom uSualod bombis qmediTunariani konstruqcia aucileblad gakeTdeboda _ garda sabWoTa wamyvani mecnierebis mier SemuSavebuli sqemebisa, sabWoTa kavSiri flobda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebidan sabWoTa dazvervis mier mowodebuli informaciasac. da berias kargad esmoda: Tu kombinati #817 SeimuSavebda “produqts”, sabWoTa kavSirs ukve eqneboda Tavisi birTvuli fari. maS ratom unda Casuliyo igi fizikosebTan? misi gamocdileba da rwmunebuleba uralSi realurad dadebiT gavlenas axdenda muSa procesebze. da beria srulad da efeqturad iyenebda am pirad resurss. magram, ra sasargebloa rCeva SeeZlo mieca mas me-11 sakonstruqtoro biuros TeoretikosebisaTvis, eqsperimentatorebisa da konstruqtorebisaTvis? zogadi rCevebis micema da saqmeSi zerele Careva ki mas ar sCveoda. ara, beria SiSsa da Zrwolvas ar sTesda TviT kritikul situaciaSic ki. magram, es ar gamoricxavda, garkveul situaciaSi obieqturad gamarTlebul simkacres. uralis dasaxleba verx-neivinskTan (daxuruli qalaqi “sverdlovsk-44”, SemdgomSi _ novouralski) Sendeboda #813 qarxana, romelsac airdifuziuri meTodiT unda ewarmoebina iaraRisaTvis aucilebeli uran235. magram, saqme win ver iZvroda. beria “obieqtze” Cavida da xelmZRvanelobas mkacrad ganucxada, rom konkretuli teqnologiis SemuSaveba mniSvnelovani saxelmwifo davalebaa da Tu igi dawesebul vadebSi ar Sesruldeba, maSin CaiTvleba, rom koleqtivi davalebas ver gaumklavda. (gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi) ilori 5 3-10 maisi 2011 samegrelo daviT dadianis dros Cvens mkiTxvelebs vTavazobT nawyvetebs cnobili qarTveli mwerlisa da mecnieris iona meunargias 1939 wels gamocemuli wignidan “samegrelos samTavros ukanaskneli periodi da daviT dadiani” (avtoriseuli stilistika SenarCunebulia). daviTis saqmeTa aRnusxva. sxva da sxva mogonebani. aRdgomis dReoba. metadre ganTqmuli iyo guria-samegreloSi da imereTSi daviT dadianisagan aRdgomis dResaswaulis gadaxda. yovelgniT modiodnen am dRisTvis zugdids: gurielebi, erisTavebi, wereTlebi, WavWavaZeni, TarxniSvilebi, dadianebi, afxazeTis Tavad-aznaurni, rCeulis momRerlebiT, moTamaSeebiT, saukeTeso cxenebiT da morTul-mokazmulobiT. erTjel dResaswaulze mTavarma miiwvia quTaisis general-gubernatori gagarini coliT da roca stumrebi miuaxlovdnen zugdids TiTon mTavari da dedofali miegebnen wveulebs cxendacxen. wvimiani dRe Seiqmna da dedofals wiTeli maudis sawvimari esxao, miambo Tavadma konstantine erisTavma _ rac maSin moda iyo. erTis amgvari dReobis damswre iyo 1848 wels saqarTvelos istorikosi mari brosse. ai, ra gvarad aswers is am dResaswauls: “SabaT saRamos, 10-11 saaTze daiwyo liturgia. dadiani, mdidrad Cacmuli, Tavis meuRliT da sxva Tavadni da maTi ojaxoba daeswrnen wirvas. eklesia gaWedili iyo xalxiT. sxvaTa Soris aq naxavdiT qristianoba miRebul abxazebs, romelTac gamoicnobdiT moparsulis TavebiT da mxrebze gadagdebuli TeTri baSlayebiT; megrelebs da imerlebs rusul serTukebSi gamowyobilebs, wiTelis sayeloebiT da mkerdze ordenebiT da qarTlelebs ferad-feradis tanisamosiT, Zvelis Cveulebisamebr wiTlad SeRebili wverulvaSebiT. eklesia iyo brwyinvaled ganaTebuli SigniT da garedam. mlocvelebi iyvnen wirvaze krZalviT da ayolebdnen xmas Zilispirebis galobas. religiuri mdumareba maTi dairRva evroparlamentis rezolucia soxumsac moswons odnav dagvianebiT, magram soxumi mainc gamoexmaura „evropis samezoblo politikis – aRmosavleT ganzomilebis mimoxilvis Taobaze rezolucias“, romelic evroparlamentma 2011 wlis 7 aprils miiRo. „rogorc evropis nawili, afxazeTi miiCnevs, rom evrokavSirTan axlo TanamSromloba misi sagareo politikis erT-erTi prioritetia“, – ganacxada soxumis sagareo saqmeTa saministrom 13 aprils gavrcelebul gancxadebaSi. sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, rezolucia mouwodebs evrokavSiris axlad Seqmnil di plomatiur samsaxurs (European External Action Service EEAS), „ndobis aRdgenisken mimarTuli ufro meti RonisZieba da programa moamzados, rac gulisxmobs axali misiebis dawyebasa da sazogadoebasTan komunikaciis strategiis gatarebas, aseve, pragmatuli iniciativebisa da inovaciuri midgomebis SemuSavebas, rogoricaa araoficialuri kontaqtebi da konsultaciebi gandgomili regionebis sazogadoebebTan, roca SenarCunebuli iqneba evrokavSiris araRiarebis politika“. soxumis sagareo saqmeTa mxolod maSin, roca brwyinvaled Semosilma mitropolitma gaaRebina aRmosavleTis karebi da warmoTqva es ori sityva: “qriste aRdga”. es sityvebi rom gaisma, Seiqmna eklesiaSi erTi yofa, mxiaruleba, milocva, dausrulebeli amboris yofa. yvelani uaxlovdebodnen mTavars da dedofals, rom mielocnaT dResaswauli da daemowmebiaT maTTvis pativi da erTguleba, yvelas etyoboda piris saxeze da TvalebSi mxiaruleba... wirva gagrZelda dilis xuT saaTamdis: arc dadians, arc qalebs erTi wami ra aris ar SeusvenebiaT Svidi saaTis ganmavlobaSi... nawirevs dadianis stumrebi da maT Soris mec migviwvies sufraze salxino zalaSi (am zalis aRweriloba moTavsebulia zugdidis sasaxlis aRweraSi). mTavris sufridam rom avdeqiT gavemarTeniT mitropolitTan, saca gveloda sxva sufra, zogierTebs kidev SerCenodaT mada da aqac igemes saWmeli, Tumca aqauri Wama-sma ufro sainebisa da Wiqebis raxa-ruxi iyo, magram roca aqedam gadavediT mTavris ZmasTan, grigol dadianTan da davinaxeT sufra mZimed datvirTuli homeriulis sauzmiT, Cven sicili ver SevikaveT... sul yvela amas, dilis Svid saaTamdis moundiT da Svid saaTze ki daviSaleniT mosasveneblad. sam saaTs Semdeg sasaxlis maidani aivso xalxiT. mTavari da mandilosnebi gamobrZandnen sasaxlis aivanze da aq iRebdnen dResaswaulis milocvas. ukanaskneli megreli ar darCenila, rom ar mosuliyo mTavarTan da dedofalTan, ar eamborna maTis tanisamosisaTvis da ar mierTmia maTTvis wiTeli kvercxebi. male daiwyo maidanze sxva da sxva TamaSi da Seqceva. Suagul mindorSi amarTes grZeli oTx-saJeniani Woka, romelzedac daades erTi mSvenieri vercxlis Tasi. cxenosnebi WenebiT gamoqandebodnen Wokisken da ra dauaxlovdebodnen, esrodnen joxs, rom Tasi Zirs CamoegdoT. Tu joxi Wokas moxvdeboda da imis SeryeviT Tasi Camovardeboda jeri ar iyo, joxi uTuod unda Tass moxvedroda. rom amgvarad saministro miesalma rezolucias da ganacxada, rom es afxazeTis „deizolaciasa“ da evrokavSirTan pirdapiri kontaqtebis damyarebas Seuwyobs xels. misive TqmiT, rezolucias „didi mniSvneloba aqvs evrokavSiris sxvadasxva institutTan afxazeTis TanamSromlobis dagegmarebaSi“. saministros gancxadebaSi, aseve, naTqvamia, rom soxumi dadebiTad aRiqvams rezoluciis gzavnilebs, romlebic frTxilad gaTvlil „pragmatul politikas“ efuZneba. afxazeTi mxars uWers garesamyarosTan kontaqtebis diversificirebas, pirdapiri da uSualo kontaqtebis gaaqtiurebas evrokavSirTan, rac „warmoadgens erTaderT racionalur“ midgomas da „mowodebulia, moxsnas afxazeTis mravalwliani politikuri da ekonomikuri izolacia“. „ufro metic, afxazeTis deizolacia da pirdapiri TanamSromloba evrokavSirTan xels Seuwyobs afxazeTSi demokratiuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebas, aseve, Seqmnis konfliqtis mogvarebis xelsayrel pirobas“, – naTqvamia evroparlamentis gancxadebaSi. „Tavis mxriv, afxazeTi yovelTvis gamoxatavda mzadyofnas konfliqtis mogvarebis pragmatuli iniciativebisa da gadmogdebuli Tasi msrolels moego, warmdgariyo mTavarTan madlobis mosaxseneblad da mTavrisagan misi simarjvis qeba moesmina. am TamaSs etyvian yabaxs. erTi saaTis, saaT-naxevris ganmavlobaSi ormocda aTze metma cxenosanma sinjes TavianTi mklavis simarjve, magram amaTSi mxolod samma isaxela Tavi: malxaz afaqiZem, daviT faRavam da baTu faRavam, romelTac taSi daukres. sxvagan, bazris mxriT, amarTuli iyo sxva Woka, romelzedac dadebuli iyo vercxlis azarfaSa. es azarfaSa unda CamoegdoT Soridam Tofis sroliT, nacvlad imisa, rom zeze mdgariyvnen da ise amoeRoT niSanSi azarfaSa, eseni jdebodnen, Tofis Tavs udebdnen orjoxze da ise sroulobdnen, magram ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi verc erTma ver moaxvedra niSans, mxolod meore dRes Camoagdes es azarfaSa da isic imitom, rom am dRes ufro axlodam dauwyes srola. amas mohyva cxenebis Weneba... naSuadRevis or saaTze dadianma miiwvia sadilad Tavad-aznauroba im mSvenier zalaSi, sadac gaTenebamdis vijeqiT sauzmed da xalxi _ baRSi. vin CamoTvlis ramdeni xari da Zroxa daikla im dRes da ramdeni boWka Rvino dailia, rom daekmayofilebina Svidis kviris marxviT damSeuli wveulebi. sadili gagrZelda xuTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi... dimitri guriels moeyvana aq ganTqmuli momRerlebi, romelnic yvelas didad moswonda da romelnic marTla Rirsni iyvnen yuradRebisa. ra Sewyobili simRera, ra dauRalavi yelebi, ra sakvirveli harmoniuli xma gamodioda imaTis aRyvanebulis mkerdiTgan da faravda am veeberTela lxinis xmaurobas. unda vTqvaT megrelTa pativ-sacemad, rom garda xmaurobisa da sixaruliT aRtacebisa TiToeuls ise zrdilobianad eWira Tavi, rom qalebi daurideblad iRebdnen monawileobas saerTo mxiarulebaSi. arc zalaSi, arc baRSi, arsad, me ar SeminiSnavcs erTi kacic, romelsac RvinoSi daexrCos Tavisi Wkua-goneba da RmerTma icis ra neqtaric ram aris ojaleSi. metadre axali, novatoruli midgomebis ganxilvis mimarT“, – naTqvamia gancxadebaSi. rezolucia, aseve, mouwodebs evrokavSiris sagareo da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi umaRles warmomadgenel ketrit eStonsa da evropis sagareo saqmeTa samsaxurs (EEAS), „gaaZlieron TavianTi CarTuloba gaWianurebuli konfliqtebis mogvarebis saqmeSi... saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebze dayrdnobiT – rogoricaa Zalis gamouyenebloba, TviTgamorkveva da teritoriuli mTlianoba, ufro aqtiuri politikuri poziciis dakavebiT, ufro aqtiuri monawileobiT da ufro gamorCeuli roliT konfliqtebis mogvarebis mudmiv da specialur struqturebSi, maT Soris, molaparakebis ukve arsebul formatebSi“. rezoluciis am nawilis komentirebisas soxumelma di plomatebma ganacxades, rom samxreT kavkasiaSi konfliqtis mogvareba „unda aigos ara mxolod suverenitetisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis pativiscemaze, aramed eris TviTgamorkvevis uflebazec“. „aRniSnuli princi pis rezoluciaSi asaxviT evroparlamentma, arsebiTad, daafiqsira eris TviTgamorkvevis uflebis Tanasworoba saerTaSoriso samarTlis sxva princi pebTan“, – xazgasmulia aRniSnul gancxadebaSi. sxva RvinoebTan gareuli. mTavarman moatanina CvenTvis 18 wlis ojaleSi. sasmelad cota magari, magram kargi. me ar SemiZlia ar Sevadaro is saukeTeso bordos; saqarTveloSi imis metoqed me ar vicnob sxva Rvinos, garda atenis Rvinisa. mTel dedamiwaze imas marto tokais Rvino Tu sjobia. magram kmara amaze laparaki. meore dRes orSabaTs, imave adgilze Seikribnen winadRis wveulebi da gaimarTa lxini mitropolitis saxeliT, mesame dRes wveuleba iyo saxlT-uxucesisa. yovel saRamos xalxi ikribeboda mindorze da imarTeboda megruli nacionaluri TamaSi _ ferxuli. ferxuls iwyebdnen ori-sami wyvili erTimeoresTan mklaveb gayrili an xeleb Cakidebuli riTmiuli moZraobebiT _ jer ukan daweviT, mere win wamoweviT da simReriT “o, a, gora da Sara (megrulad mRerian “voo raSa” da ara “gora da Sara”, rogorc mosmenia broses _ i. meunargia), romelsac imeoreben ganuwyvetliv. cot-cotad damwyeb wyvilebs ematebian sxvebi da male iSleba veeberTela mrgvali wre... oTxSabaTs, 14 aprils, erTma, dadianis Zmam gamarTa nadiroba, romelsac daeswro 200 cxenosani kaci... xuTSabaTs, 15 aprils, me wavedi zugdididam abxazeTs...” broses aRwerilobas aq unda davurTo zed is ori-sami mcire ram, romelic me Camiweria Cems dRiurSi sxva da sxva pirTagan ganagonad. jer erTi, mTavris Zmis grigol dadianis naambobi: “Cemi Zma saaRdgomod xalaTs gascemdao: aRmosavleTis wesis mimsgavsebiT xalaTs etyodnen Coxas, axaluxs, Sals, baSlays da sxvas, romeliTac is ajildoebda mis megobrebsa da erTgulebs. Tavadma daTa salukis Ze Ciqvanma miambo: daTa gugunavas Sekazmul cxenze galesils lekurs daudebdnen piraRma da gugunava imas gadaaxtebodao. manve miTxra: aRdgomis lxinSi, roca yoveli kaci iZaxoda ura-uras, sikoia gigineiSvili yvirodao: “gavxedni, gavxednio”. (gagrZeleba iqneba) saqarTvelos saxelmwifo girgvlianis saqmeze xelaxali gamoZiebis Catarebas ar apirebs iusticiis ministris pirveli moadgile Tina burjalianis gancxadebiT, evrosasamarTlos sandro girgvlianis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi ar miuTiTebia, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifo valdebulia, sandro girgvlianis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT xelaxali gamoZieba Caataros. „sicocxlis uflebis darRvevis konteqstSi, Tuki sagangaSod iqneboda mdgomareoba, evrosasamarTlo aucileblad miuTiTebda saqmis xelaxali gamoZiebis Catarebas da amis precedenti araerTxel momxdara sxva qveynebTan mimarTebaSi. Tumca am SemTxvevaSi evrosasamarTlos es ar gaukeTebia da erTaderTi, razec qveyanas miuTiTa, gamoZiebaSi daSvebuli xarvezebis gamo kompensaciis gadaxdaa da mxolod amis gakeTebas apirebs saqarTvelos xelisufleba. aRniSnuli xarvezebi amJamad gasworebulia sakanonmdeblo kuTxiT“, – ganacxada burjalianma. rac Seexeba evrosasamarT- losTan TanamSromlobis sakiTxs, ministris moadgilem aRniSna, rom arcerTi mtkicebuleba ar iyo, romelic saqarTvelos xelisuflebam evrosasamarTlos ar warudgina. girgvlianis saqme daarqivebuli iyo, ris gamoc ramdenime mtkicebulebis gadagzavna gaWianurda, Tumca isini mainc iqna wardgenili. SegaxsenebT, rom strasburgis sasamarTloSi sarCeli 2007 wlis zafxulSi Sevida. advokatebi girgvlianis saqmeze evrokonvenciis muxlebis – sicocxlis, samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis, wamebis akrZalvisa da dacvis uflebis darRvevad cnobasa da moralur kompensacias iTxovdnen. evrosasamarTlom saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mosarCele mxarisTvis 50 aTasi evros gadaxda daakisra. aRdgomis brwyinvale dResaswaulis dReebSi ki kidev erTxel movixseniebT sandro girgvlians da yvela im wamebulTa sulebs, romlebic xelisuflebis Zalmomreobasa da usamarTlobas emsxverplnen. ilori dagvianebuli pasuxi gulbaT toraZes 6 (dasasruli) erTi periodi TiTqosda miyuCebuli iyo megrelTa daSantaJebis moyvarulTa viS-viSi da borgva. magram viTareba umal Seicvala, rogorc ki saqarTvelo miRebul iqna evrosabWoSi, 1999 wlis aprilSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos mTavrobas erT weliwadSi evaleboda ratifikacia evrosabWos konvenciebisa, maT Soris, konvenciisa mcirericxovani xalxebis enebisa da umwerlobo enebis dacvis Sesaxeb. vai patriot avismzraxvelebs ki, Turme, ar eZinaT. ariqa, megruli da svanuri enebis dacva ar ikisros saqarTvelos mTavrobamo, _ da, 2002 wlis maisis TveSi erT-erT politikur gazeTSi `quji~ gamoaqveynes e. w. `qarTvelologTa IX simpoziumis memorandumi~, romelSic calsaxad iyo aRniSnuli, rom qarTveluri enebi, _ megruli, Wanuri da svanuri arasodes arsebulan, arc axla arseboben, isini qarTuli enis dialeqtebia qarTluris, kaxuris da sxvaTa msgavsad, da, maTi enebad gamocxadeba (TiTqosda es guSindeli ambavi yofiliyo, anda amgvar gamocxadebaze iyos damokidebuli enebis arseboba), xels uSlis qarTvelTa erTianobaso. 3-10 maisi 2011 am e. w. `memorandumis~ mizani naTeli iyo da gazeT `fartazis samrekloSi~ (#1, oqtomberi, 2002) gamovaqveyneT vrceli sapasuxo werili `qarTvelologTa IX simpoziumis memorandumi _ qarTveluri enebis ugulebelyofis cda~. mogvianebiT gairkva, rom aRmiSnul simpoziums es `memorandumi~ arc ki miuRia, igi uaruyviaT. misi Semoqmedi yofila prof. t. futkaraZe, ramdenime TanamzraxvelTan erTad. ratomRac, arc `memorandums~ da arc Cvens sapasuxo werils maSin aravin gamoxmaurebia. saTanado samecniero dawesebulebebi dumilis poziciaze idgnen. `memorandumelebmac~ erTxans dumili arCies. magram, male xeli gamoiRes... iqamdec ki, rom aSkara revanSze gadavidnen: `megrelebma aRiaron, rom megruli dialeqtia da ara ena, arada, aRiaron, rom megrelebi qarTvelebi ar arian~; qarTveluri enebis aRiarebiT `evrosabWo diversias gviwyobs~ da Tu saqarTvelos mTavroba evrosabWos konvenciis ratifikacias moaxdens, am diversiis ganmxorcielebeli iqnebao, _ acxadebdnen da imuqrebodnen t. futkaraZe da misi amfsonebi. roca sainformacio-analitikuri saagento „saqinformi“„NDI“-s gamokvlevebi mowmobs, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleoba SeSfoTebulia ekonomikuri da socialuri problemebiT saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis erovnuldemokratiulma institutma („NDI“), rogorc ukve iuwyeboda saqinformi, martSi Catarebuli sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevis Sedegebi 6 prils warudgena medias. kvlevis Tema aseTi iyo: „sazogadoebis damokidebuleba politikuri garemos mimarT saqarTveloSi“. kvleva 4-dan 17 martamde saqarTvelos masStabiT mimdinareobda 2 893 interviueris warmomadgenlobiTi SerCevis safuZvelze. prezentaciaze miwveuli iyvnen mxolod mediasaSualebebi, isic – SerCeviT. SvedeTis ganviTarebis saagentos („SIDA“) mier dafinansebuli „NDI“-s kvlevebi kavkasiis kvlevisa da resursebis centrma („CRRC“) Caatara. sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevam aCvena, rom bolo rva Tvis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda maTi ricxvi, vinc Tvlis, rom qveyana swori mimarTulebiT viTardeba. respondentTa mxolod 35 procentma ganacxada, rom saqarTvelo „namdvilad“ an „ZiriTadad“ swori mimarTulebiT viTardeba. es maCvenebeli, ivlisSi Catarebuli analogiuri kvlevis Tanaxmad, 51 procents Seadgenda, rac TiTqmis ucvlelad iyo SenarCunebuli 2009 wlis dekembridan. Tumca bolo rva Tvis ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad imata im respondentTa raodenobam, romlebic miiCneven, rom „saqarTvelo saerTod ar icvleba“. ivlisSi Catarebuli kvlevis dros aseTi pasuxi gamokiTxulTa 15 procentma gasca, xolo martSi es ricxvi 37 procentamde gaizarda. bolo kvlevam aCvena, rom ekonomikuri da socialuri problemebi kvlav respondentTa SeSfoTebis mTavar sagnad rCeba. kvlevis Tanaxmad, samuSao adgilebi mosaxleobisTvis kvlav yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakiTxTa nusxis saTaveSia; mas mosdevs fasebis zrda. es ukanaskneli ivlisSi Catarebul kvlevaSi mxolod meeqvse adgilze iyo. kvlevam aCvena, rom im respondentTa raodenoba, romlebic teritoriul mTlianobas yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakiTxad asaxeleben, kvlav iklebs. Tu 2009 wlis dekemberSi Catarebul msgavs kvlevaSi es maCvenebeli 49 procenti iyo, 2010 wlis ivlisSi is 45 procentamde Semcirda, xolo 2011 wlis martSi – 38 procentamde. respondentTa 55 da 62 procenti, Sesabamisad, Tvlis, rom samuSao adgilebis Seqmnisa da inflaciis problemebs politikosebi naklebad ganixilaven. amasTan, gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom teritoriuli mTlianobis sakiTxs politikosebi sakmarisad ganixilaven. respondentTa 46 procenti miiCnevs, rom, 2008 wlis dasawyisidan moyolebuli, dasaqmebis kuTxiT viTareba gauaresda; 55 procenti ki gauaresebas teritoriuli mTlianobis mimarTulebiT aRniSnavs. respondentTa 44 procentis azriT, saqarTveloSi amJamad demokratia ar aris; 39 procenti ki Tvlis, rom aris; xolo 17 procentma ar icis, qveyanaSi demokratia aris Tu ara. Tumca am sakiTxze dadebiT da uaryofiT pasuxebs Soris ivlisSi dafiqsirebuli 13-procentiani sxvaoba martSi 5 procentamde Semcirda. amasTan, respondentTa umravlesobis aRqmiT, TavianT aramecnierul Teorias mxari ar dauWira mecnierebaTa akademiam da enaTmecnierebis institutma (garda aq mobogine zogi vaimecnierisa), mtrebad monaTles aq momuSave specialistebic. diax, erTxel uwodes mtrebi enaTmecnierebs da ver moiTmines maT (Cven ki, mTlianad megrel xalxs, ra xania mtrad gvacxadeben, megrelTmoZuleni, albaT imitomac, rom aqamde viTmenT iobis moTminebiT), da sakadrisi pasuxic gasces. moawyves specialuri Sekreba-Sexvedra enaTmecnierebis institutSi da t. futkaraZis, T. gvancelaZisa da maTi Tanamzraxvelebis `axali Teoria~ qarTveluri enebis ararsebobis Sesaxeb savsebiT samarTlianad Seafases rogorc yovelgvar lingvistikur safuZvels moklebuli, aramecnieruli da ideurad saSiSi Teoria, xolo misi avtorebisa da Tanamzraxvelebis saqmianoba _ rogorc antimecnieruli, provokaciuli saqmianoba. Tumca, `axali Teoriis~ avtorebi kvlav ar isveneben, saxelisuflebo organoebSi, sapatriarqoSi da sad ar moiZieben momxreebs... enaTmecnierebis institutSi gamarTuli Sexvedridan TvalSisacemia demokratia, upirvelesad, niSnavs sityvisa da mediis Tavisuflebas (48 procenti), Semdeg modis, zogadad, Tavisufleba (45 procenti), kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba (40 procenti), adamianis uflebaTa dacva (32 procenti), samuSao adgilebi (24 procenti) da samarTliani arCevnebi (18 procenti). kvlevis Tanaxmad, respondentTa 60 procenti srulad an nawilobriv eTanxmeba, rom arsebuli xelisufleba misTvis mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs axorcielebs, 34 procenti ki sapirispiros fiqrobs. gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba (42 procenti) saqarTvelosTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovnad ganaTlebis reformas asaxelebs, Tumca mxolod 25 procenti moelis, rom am mimarTulebiT momdevno 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi raime ganxorcieldeba; Semdeg modis sagadasaxado reforma 33 procentiT; saarCevno reforma – 31 procentiT; sasamarTlos reforma – 29 procentiT. mediis reformas prioritetulad mxolod 8 procenti asaxelebs. bolo kvlevis Tanaxmad, 71 procentamdea gazrdili im respondentTa raodenoba, romlebic „srulad“ an „ZiriTadad“ mxars uWeren qveynis natoSi gawevrebas. ivlisSi Catarebuli kvlevis dros es maCvenebeli 65 procenti iyo. 51 procentma ar icis, rodis moxdeba aliansSi integracia, xolo 34 procenti imedovnebs, rom es 2013 wels an Semdgom wlebSi ganxorcieldeba. respondentTa 49 procenti, ivlisSi dafiqsirebuli 59 procentis nacvlad, Tvlis, rom saqarTvelos amJamindeli politika ruseTTan mimarTebaSi „nawilobriv“ an „srulad“ miuRebelia, sawinaaRmdego azrisaa 38 procenti, xolo 12 procentma ar icis. gamokiTxulTa 71 procenti fiqrobs, rom ruseTis amJamindeli politika safrTxes uqmnis saqarTvelos suverenitets. amasTan, 74 procenti ruseTTan dialogis gamarTvis Sesaxeb prezident saakaSvilis mowodebas misaRebad miiCnevs. kvlevis Tanaxmad, respondentTa 55 procents, aseve, misaRebad miaCnia saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Txovna – dasavleTma gazardos saqarTvelos Tavdacvisunarianoba. Tumca ruseTTan dialogis momxrea gamokiTxulTa 74 procenti. amasTan, gamokiTxulTa 28 procentisaTvis absoluturad miuRebelia saqarTvelos xelisuflebis politika ruseTTan mimarTebaSi,12 procentisaTvis – misaRebia, 26 procentisaTvis – nawilobriv misaRebia, 12 procentma Tavi Seikava pasuxisagan. joni Tarba: „policia Crdils ver miayenebs qarTvelebTan Cems damokidebulebas“ saqinformis korespondenti samegreloSi zugdididan gvatyobinebs: „40 wlis oCamCireli joni Tarba, erovnebiT afxazi, rogorc devnili, zugdidSia registrirebuli. aq naTesavebTan cxovrobs. is xSirad enguris centraluri xidis gavliT moZraobs zugdidsa da oCamCires Soris; qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris Zmobisa da megobrobis urTierTobis aRdgenas cdilobs. am dReebSi zugdidel samarTaldamcvelebs mis qmedebaSi raRac ar moewonaT. mas, Tavis naTesavebsa da megobrebTan erTad, manqanaSi myofs, 15 policieli „daesxa“ Tavs. yvelani waiyvanes policiaSi, magram saeWvo veraferi aRmouCines. saRamos daWerilebi diliT gamouSves. joni Tarbas ganmartebiT, policia yvelgan erTnairia. maTi qmedeba Crdils ver miayenebs mis damokidebulebas qarTvelebis mimarT“. am informaciam erTi ambavi gamaxsena, romelsac, 2006 wels, me da daviT qobalia SeveswariT zugdidSi. aseTi faqtic: sakiTxis ganxilvaSi monawileTa umravlesoba, sxva qarTvelur enebTan erTad, megrulsac, Ceulebriv, enad moixseniebs, zogierTi ki, xmarobs gamoTqmas `megrul- Wanuri ena~, riTac megrulsa da Wanurs, cxadia, dialeqtebad warmoadgens, da maSasadame, evrosabWos konvenciis mixedviT dasacav enobriv erTeulebad (enebad) ar asaxelebs. megrulsa da sxva qarTvelur enebze da maTs amgvar damcvelebze xom zedgamoWrilia andaza: `ra mgels SeuWamixar da ra mglisfer turasao~. xom gasagebia, Tu ratom sduman, zogierTebi, Cvens SvidtomeulTan da sxva naSromebTan dakavSirebiT, batono gulbaT?! Tumca, kacma rom Tqvas, isic miRwevaa, rom mglebi da turebi (visac es exebaT) aqamde sduman da kulisebSiRa ymuian. aris erTi garemoebac: mcire tiraJis gamo, Cvens naSromebze yvela mkiTxvels rodi miuwvdeboda xeli. aseTebi, cxadia, maT verc Seafasebdnen da verc Tqvens werils gamoexmaurebodnen. Cveni SeniSvna maT ar exebaT. mamanti ZaZamia ACvens avtomanqanas savali nawili dauzianda da avtomeqanikoss mivakiTxeT. igi viRac axalgazrdas gulTbilad esaubreboda rusul enaze. Semdeg erTamaneTs daemSvidoben da is axalgazrda manqaniT gaemgzavra. _ vin iyo? _ ver davfareT cnobismoyvareoba. _ Cemi axlo nacnobia, oCamCireli afxazi. wlebis ganmavlobaSi me vuremontebdi manqanas da axlac, rame rom dauziandeba, CemTan mohyavs manqana... _ es xom saxalxo di plomatiis klasikuri nimuSia, ase TandaTan, afxaz xalxTan damegobrebiT, Zveli keTili urTierTobebis aRdgenac ki SeiZleba! _ gaxarebulebma vuTxariT meqanikoss. _ ki, magram erTi ram ver gamigia, amas winaT zugdidis sod-is TanamSromlebi movidnen CemTan da mkacrad gamafrTxiles: “mag afxazTan megobrobas Tavi daanebe, Torem usiamovnebaSi gaexvevio”. maSin Cven verafers mivxvdiT, magram 2008 wlis agvistos provokaciis Semdeg SevigneT, Tu rogor “guliT” surda Cvens araqarTul xelisuflebas “afxazeTis dabruneba”. mubaraks sikvdiliT dasja emuqreba egvi ptis yofili prezidentis – hosni mubarakis mier demonstrantebisTvis cecxlis gaxsnis brZanebis gacemis damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia mis mimarT sasamarTlom sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCeni gamoitanos. savaraudod, egvi ptis yofili prezidentis sasamarTlo procesi daaxloebiT erT weliwads gaiweleba, radgan gamomZieblebi qveynis yofil prezidents kvlav erTaderT kiTxvas usvamen _ gasca Tu ara demonstrantebis mimarT cecxlis gaxsnis brZaneba. mubaraki ki, cxadia, uaryofiT pasuxs imeorebs. udanaSaulo adamianebis sisxlSi xelgasvrilma yvela diqtatorma unda icodes, rom igi xalxis risxvas ver gadaurCeba! SevardnaZe saakaSvils urCevs, medvedevs Sexvedris Taobaze evedros saqarTvelos eqs-prezidenti saqarTvelos moqmed prezidents urCevs, ruseTis prezident dimitri medvedevTan pirad Sexvedras miaRwios. „es saqarTvelos problemebis gadawyvetis erTaderTi gzaa, radgan ruseTi Zalze gavleniani qveyanaa imisaTvis, rom vinmem SeZlos saqarTvelos gamo masze zewola“, – brZana SevardnaZem. man xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom prezidentis adgilas rom iyos, gaemgzavreboda moskovSi da medvedevTan pirad Sexvedras iq daelodeboda. „ruseTs manamde ar davtovebdi, vidre es Sexvedra ar Sedgeboda. ra Tqma unda, medvedevs axla ar surs saakaSvilTan Sexvedra, magram am mimarTulebiT moZraobaa saWiro. haagis sasamarTlomac ki ar moindoma ruseTis winaaRmdeg saqarTvelos sarCelis ganxilva. es kidev erTxel mianiSnebs msoflioSi ruseTis gavlenaze da saqarTvelos amasTan Segueba mouwevs“, – ganacxada eqs-prezidentma. da amas ambobs adamiani, romelmac yvelaferi iRona ruseTTan urTierobebis gasauareseblad da sakuTari TavisaTvis uniWod mowyobili “teraqtebis” ruseTze gadabralebiT gagvTiSa ruseTisagan, prezidentoba ki mis mierve ruseTis siZulviliT aRzrdil saakaSvils gadauloca! rogor davijero, rom did politikaSi mxolod SevardnaZisTana sulbinZuri farisevlebi da naZiralebi grZnoben Tavs komfortulad? ilori 7 3-10 maisi 2011 oleg timCenko: „saqarTvelosa da ruseTis bedi kidev gadaikveTeba!“ (saubari pirveli) samxatvro akademiis profesori oleg timCenko cnobili da moTxovnadi mxatvaria, itacebs eqsperimentebi. romantikosia, uyvars musika da Tavis nawarmoebebSi mis xorcSesxmasac mSvenivrad axerxebs. Tumca yuradsaRebi Tema, romelzec dRes sainformacio-analitikur saagento „saqinformTan“ saubrobs, mxatvris morigi xmamaRali proeqti ki ara, Tavad gaxlavT: misi warsuli da awmyo, gvariSviloba, cxovrebiseuli filosofia da, ra Tqma unda, politikuri mrwamsi – dRes xom politikaze martooden zarmacebi ar laparakoben... ojaxuri saqmeebi – me peterburgeli Tavadi da, amave dros, cimbireli var! bebiaCemi da papaCemi, dedis mxridan, peterburgidan TbilisSi naCqarevad gamoiqcnen. esmodaT, ra SeiZleboda dayovnebas mohyoloda. mdidari Tavadebis devnis uamravi mizezi arsebobda. 1917 wlis revolucia ganaCenad iqca. evgeni da elizaveta (qaliSvilobis gvariT – nikolaeva) gulickebs ori saxli hqondaT – nevis prospeqtsa da vasilievis kunZulze. bina hqondaT smolenskis guberniaSic. agarakze cxovreba Cexovis „Tolias“ hgavda. bebia kapitolina miambobda, rogor atarebdnen uqmeebs – dgamdnen speqtaklebs, iwvevdnen profesional msaxiobebs, awyobdnen saRamoebs. cxovreba Tvalis daxamxamebaSi daengraT... gulickebma xels veraferi gamoayoles, garda sagvareulo Zvirfaseulobisa, romelmac didxans gamokveba isini, samamulo omis drosac ki. Cemi didi babua, rogorc dRes amboben, pirveli aviatorebis sponsori iyo. mis Zmas – konstantines ki, didi Tanamdeboba ekava zamTris sasaxlesTan arsebul kancelariaSi. did bebias ori da hyavda – maTac mouxdaT emigrireba germaniasa da aSS-Si. ase gahyara cxovrebam sami da... – Tqveni winaprebisTvis TavSesafrad kavkasia iqca. rogor fiqrobT, ratom? – kavkasia im wlebS jer kidev Tavisufali iyo bolSevizmisgan. aq inglisis jarebi idga. mokled, revolucias jer ver moeRwia. gulickebs Zalian moswondaT TbilisSi cxovreba, uwinac xom Camosulan dasasveneblad. da roca dadga sakiTxi – sad gaqceuliyvnen, arCevani Tbilisze SeaCeres. is ufro axlobeli iyo da arc enobrivi barieri daabrkolebdaT. ra Tqma unda, gulickebs kapitalurad gadasaxleba ar surdaT, bolomde sjerodaT, rom Sin dabrundebodnen da aq mxolod avi Jamis gadavlas elodebodnen. didi babua bolSevikebs seriozulad ar aRiqvamda. bebia hyveboda, mamas egonao, rom banditebi cotas aur-daurevdnen da yvelaferi amiT damTavrdeboda. imxanad bebia 17 wlis iyo, misi Zma aleqsandre – TxuTmetis. ojaxma aq saxli iyida, rkinigzis sadguris siaxloves. Semdeg gulickebma is gayides da ardonis quCaze (dRevandeli – mamardaSvilis quCa) mdebare saxlSi gadasaxldnen, romelic maTTvis sagvareulo buded iqca. TumcaRa Tbilisur cxovrebas ver Seeguen. did babuas nostalgiam Semoutia, itanjeboda, xolo roca gaacnobiera, rom aqedan veRar gaemgzavreboda, drostarebas mihyo xeli. manamde sasmels ar ekareboda, axla ki veris baRSi megobrebTan erTad stumrobas mouxSira! mokle xanSi gardaicvala. saqme isaa, rom evgeni gulicki didi oxunji iyo. erTxel megobrebs SesTavaza, gaCvenebT, daTvi mTidan rogor mogoravso. isinic gabriyvdnen da daTanxmdnen. babuac dagorda da kunZs daejaxa. penicilini im dros jer kidev ar arsebobda da banaluri sisxlis mowamvliT gardaicvala. bavSvebTan martod darCenilma bebiam ifiqra, dasTan germaniaSi an safrangeTSi gadavsaxldebio, magram ver SeZlo. metad aRarc gaTxovila. elizaveta gulickaia karCaketilad cxovrobda, saxlidan gareTac ar gadioda, mxolod eklesiaSi an biblioTekaSi Tu wavidoda. maxsovs, pataras xels Camkidebda da saxlis Soriaxlo rusul eklesiaSi mivyavdi. mexsierebaSi CamrCa, rogor meSinoda muyaosgan gamoWrili qristes jvarcmis figurisa. iciT, qaRaldze rom yofiliyo daxatuli, sul sxvaa, „Cemi“ qriste ki TiTqos haerSi, sivrceSi dafarfatebda. is „cocxali“ iyo! Tumca, miuxedavad yvela bavSvuri SiSisa, Zalian grek qreigi darwmunebulia, rom „ebrael biznesmenTa dakaveba saqarTvelos xelisuflebis umaRles eSelonebSi daigegma“ sazogadoebisTvis ukve kargad aris cnobili ebraeli biznesmenebis – zeev frenkielisa da roni fuqsis – irgvliv atexili skandali. am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT specialuri reportaJi moamzades studia „ji en es“-ma da Jurnalistma nana leJavam, sadac saqmis jer kidev ucnobi detalebia moyvanili. reportaJSi amerikis prezident barak obamas yofili iuridiuli mrCevlis – grek qreigis, komentaric aris Sesuli, miyvarda eklesiaSi yofna, gansakuTrebiT, dResaswaulebze. – dedaTqvenisa da bebias cxovreba rogor aewyo? – bebiaCemi kapitolina 17 wlisa gahyva colad poet da mevioline semion bolotovs. maTi qaliSvili, dedaCemi – valentina semionovna bolotova, Zalian kargad xatavda, magram samxatvro akademiis damTavreba ver SeZlo – omma SeuSala xeli. Tbilisis akademia fasiani gaxda, fuli ar hyofnidaT. vis scxeloda swavlisaTvis? deda marjaniSvilis TeatrSi, butaforiis saamqroSi mxatvrad muSaobda. rac Seexeba mamaCems, ivan terentis Ze timCenkos – es srulebiT sxva istoriaa. mama vitebskSi daibada, TiTqmis maSinve ojaxi omskSi gadasaxlda. babua mamis mxridan kombinatSi inJinrad muSaobda. ai did babuas ki ar vicnob, cimbirTan kontaqti ar mqonda. babuaze bevri ram mamis monaTxrobidan Sevityve... babua terenti inJinrad muSaobda da xeiriani Semosavalic hqonda. is da misi Zma petre ti puri cimbirelebi iyvnen, maRlebi da janmagrebi. terentis ubedureba SeemTxva – babua SemTxveviT pirdapir quCaSi daWres. gaugebaria, rogor miaRwia saxlamde 17 WrilobiT... namdvili cimbireli iyo! erTi kvira sikvdils ebrZoda, magram... mwiri cnobebi SemorCa bebia anastasia barsukovazec. mamaCemma omskis universitetis geologiis fakulteti daamTavra. didxans specialobiT muSaobda. brolis ZebnaSi niadags afeTqebda. eqspediciebiT omisSemdgom wlebSi mTeli kavkasia Semoiara – daRestani, yabardo, svaneTi. omis monawile ar yofila, omskis satanko qarxanaSi muSaobda. saqarTveloSi profesiam Camoiyvana, samudamod ki aq siyvarulma datova. geologiuri sadguris biWebTan erTad soxumSi isvenebda da dedas Sexvda, romelic am qalaqSi damatebiT kartografad muSaobda. sad gaicnes erTmaneTi, zustad ar vici – detalebi CemTvis ar gaundviaT. marto is vici, rom gaCaRebuli romanisas mamam deda tyibulSi waiyvana da iq, mTaSi, qvis qoxSi Taflobis Tve gaatares. rakiRa dedam cimbirSi gamgzavrebaze civi uari ganacxada, mama iZulebuli gaxda, saqarTveloSi darCeniliyo. misi specialoba aq moTxovnadi ar aRmoCnda, amitom mama meore meqanikur qarxanaSi ostatad muSaobda da fotografiiTac seriozulad dakavda. im droisaTvis deda aRar muSaobda, sakuTari Tavi mTlianad ojaxs miuZRvna. samwuxarod, mSoblebi amqveynad aRar arian, 90-ian wlebSi gardaicvalnen. mama saqarTvelos SeeCvia, uyvarda aqauroba, bevri megobari SeiZina – somxebi, qarTvelebi, rusebi... arasodes msmenia mamisgan an bebiisgan, rom TbilisSi nacionaluri sakiTxi wamoWriloyos. aseTi ram ar momxdara! Tavadac ar vgrZnob Tavs ucxod. ruseTSi qarTvels meZaxian. megobrebi zogjer mexumrebian xolme – ai Cveni qarTvelic Camovidao! aq ki rusi var, am sityvis saukeTeso gagebiT. problema ar Seqmnila enobrivi TvalsazrisiTac. bedma gamiRima, Cveni ezo „qarTuli“ iyo. Tavidan skolaSi saerTod ar veswrebodi qarTulis gakveTilebs – ar mainteresebda. isedac yvelaferi vicodi. ena ukve samxatvro akademiaSi gaviwafe, ferweris fakultetze – rusuli ganyofileba iq, ubralod, ar iyo. araCveulebrivi pedagogebi myavda – korneli sanaZe, daviT gabiTaSvili, Jora jaSi, mito xaxutaSvili – samxatvro akademiis mTeli naRebi. bevri ram maswavles. miuxedavad amisa, umaRlesis damTavrebis Semdeg ar vicodi, ra gamekeTebina da riT damewyo. xelovnebaSi xom uamravi mimdinareobaa. erTi weliwadi saerTod ar damixatavs, xeli Caviqnie. mimaCnda, rom ferwera aqtualuri aRar iyo, ai kino ki sul sxva saqmea. marto kolaJebs vakeTebdi. „mkrTalsaxiano, rodis daqorwindebi?!“ – saubarSi erTxel sergo farajanovis gavlena axseneT Tqvens Semdgom cxovrebaze. xangrZlivi urTierToba gqondaT. megobrobdiT? – akademiis mesame kursze gavicani, Cemi megobris – Temur torCinovis wyalobiT. manamde farajanovis Semoqmedeba ar aRmomeCina da verc ki gavacnobiere, ra saCuqari miwyaloba bedma! sergo saxlSi muSaobda, saxelosno ar hqonda. imxanad sapatimrodan gamovida. ra Tqma unda, vicodiT, risTvis daisaja. cxadia, xmebi vrceldeboda amis Taobaze. Tumca sakuTar romelic darwmunebulia, rom biznesmenTa dakaveba umaRles eSelonebSi daigegma. „faqtia, rom iyo koordinirebuli moqmedeba mTavrobis oTx ministrsa da prezidents Soris. mTeli es gegma finansTa, iusticiis, Sinagan saqmeTa ministrebma da premierma saakaSvilTan erTad SeimuSaves, raTa roni fuqsi cixeSi CaesvaT“, – acxadebs qreigi. amasTan, gadacemaSi biznesmenebis ojaxis wevrebis komentarebic aris moyvanili, sadac aRniSnulia, rom „qarTvelebma yvelaferi gaakeTes imisTvis, rom fuqsi da frenkieli saqarTveloSi CaetyuebinaT, kargad moaxerxes da uda- Tavze ar vRelavdi, me es, princi pSi, ar mexeboda. sergom Cinebulad icoda, visTan rogor unda moqceuliyo. dRes mesmis, rom akademiaSi swavla erTi procentia, mizeri, farajanovis „skolasTan“ SedarebiT. cxovrebis bolomde mWidro urTierToba gvqonda. ase rom, Tamamad SemiZlia Tavs misi umcrosi megobari vuwodo. is Zalian xelgaSlili iyo, Taviseburad mzrunvelic. magaliTad, roca deda gardamecvala, qelexSi cxvari gamomigzavna. materialurad mexmareboda, Cems namuSevrebs yidulobda da, sxvaTaSoris, arcTu iafad. rogorc ukve vTqvi, erTi weliwadi mxolod kolaJebs vakeTebdi. sergo mTeli cxovreba iyo amiT dakavebuli, gadaRebebs Soris Sesvenebebisas. genialurad gamosdioda. erTxel farajanovma CemTan stumroba gadawyvita – kolaJebis sanaxavad. 82 weli idga, aTkaciani delegaciiT momadga. marto arsad dadioda. Zalian vnerviulobdi, Cems namuSevrebs rogor Seafasebda. sergo pirdapiri adamiani iyo, SeeZlo miukib-moukibavad eTqva yvelaferi, rasac fiqrobda. gansakuTrebiT, maSin, roca saqme xelovnebas exeboda – veraviTari simpaTia da megobroba ver gixsnida! mokled, ar vmalav, meSinoda. Tumca namuSevrebi moewona, rac CemTvis did stimulad iqca. moewona patara ferweruli tiloc, akademiis damTavrebis Semdeg Cemi pirveli namuSevari, saxelwodebiT „mkvdari beRura“. ramdenjerme mTxova, „beRura“ momyideo. uariT vistumrebdi, raRac imgvars veubnebodi, rom didi pativiscemisa da siyvarulis miuxedavad, ver mivyididi, radgan „beRura“ gamorCeulad meZvirfaseboda! „maSin maTxove“, – mTxova sergom. uari veRar vuTxari. – dagibrunaT? – diax, sami Tvis Semdeg. am xnis ganmavlobaSi „beRura“ mis saxlSi ekida, Tumca – ukuRma. vkiTxe, ase ucnaurad ratom dakide-meTqi, man ki momigo: „ase ufro fataluria“. maxsovs, rogor SeiZina sergom Cemi namuSevari „ori meZavi“. tilos genialuri nawarmoebi uwoda, iseve, rogorc yvelafers, rac TvalSi mosdioda. 150 maneTi SemomTavaza, rac Zalian gamixarda. SeTanxmebisamebr, meore dRes mivakiTxe da 150-is nacvlad sul xuTi maneTi momca! ase mawvala mTeli Tve; icoda, rom fulisTvis aucileblad mivakiTxavdi. Tumca isedac xSirad vstumrobdi. erTxelac, vestumre da gamlanZRa – sad daxetialobdio. „roca saWiro ar aris (aranormatiul leqsikas gamovtoveb), sul zixar da zixar... es-esaa visocki wavida, me ki ise mindoda, erTmaneTi gagecnoT!“ farajanovis wyalobiT urTierTobis saSualeba momeca Zalian saintereso adamianebTan: bela axmadulina, ala demidova, maia pliseckaia, andrei tarkovski, marCelo mastroiani. satiris Teatri da „taganka“ xSirad awyobdnen „tusovkebs“ farajanovTan. msaxiobebi CemTan – Rarib studentTan, ubralod, Tavmdablurad urTierTobdnen, pirquSi Sirvindtis gamoklebiT. samwuxaroa, rom fotoebi ar SemomrCa. sergos saxlis kari mudam Ria iyo yvelasTvis, Tumca yvelas erTnairad rodi epyroboda. zogierTs farajanovi uxiak adamianad miaCnda. misi iumori, sarkazmi da cinizmic ki, gagebas saWiroebda. TumcaRa amasac erTob SemoqmedebiTac akeTebda. vuyurebdi sergos da nel-nela vxvdebodi, ramdenad mniSvnelovania idea xelovnebaSi. rasakvirvelia, ostatoba aucilebeli da saWiroa, magram amis garda, arsebobs xelovnebac. es ki sul sxva sferoa, – gvixsnida farajanovi. SeiZleba mxatvari iyo, magram Sors iyo xelovnebisgan. ase araa? farajanovi „mkrTalsaxiansa“ da, viTom SecdomiT, timCenkos nacvlad, ssr kavSiris marSlis msgavsad, timoSenkos meZaxda. xSirad mexumreboda, rodis unda daqorwinde, „mkrTalsaxianoo“? Tu is vinmes miiRebda, bolomde gverdiT edga. sxvaTaSoris, farajanovis sityvebi yurad viRe da orjer, mokle intervalebiT, davqorwindi! Cemma pirvelma meuRlem – medea wulaiam qaliSvili – lizi maCuqa, romelsac es saxeli peterburgeli bebiis pativsacemad ewoda. meore colis – ia kajeriSvilisganac qaliSvili myavs, salome. rogorc xedavT, orive meuRle qarTveli myavda. nacionaluri sakiTxi Cems ojaxSi ar idga. meore naxevris arCeva, pasportis grafis mixedviT, aranormaluria. esaubra diana SereSaSvili naSaulo adamianebi daapatimres, xafangSi Seityues da xelSi Caigdes“. „samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi aseTi sasamarTlo ar iqneboda. midis politikuri TamaSi, sadac sasworze asobiT milioni amerikuli dolari devs“, – acxadeben biznesmenTa axloblebi. amasTan, ucxouri gamocemebi weren, rom biznesmenebi saqarTvelos xelisuflebam cixeSi gamoketa da amiT Seecada, Tavi aeridebina 100 mln dolaris gadaxdisTvis. qarTuli opoziciuri politikuri partiebis warmomadgenlebi ki qveynis imijis SelaxvisTvis pasuxismgeblobas premier nika gilaurs akisreben. 8 3-10 maisi 2011 ilori Salva breusi: „rkinigza mebiusis lents hgavs“ avtoris Sesaxeb: Salva petres Ze breusi – celuloza-qaRaldis kombinati „volgas“ direqtorTa sabWos Tavmjdomare, cxovrobs moskovSi, misamarTze: skatertni pereulok №18. daibada 1957 wlis 1 noembers q. baTumSi; 1981 wels daamTavra m. v. lomonosovis saxelobis moskovis saxelmwifo universiteti specialobiT „sazRvargareTis qveynebis ekonomika“, istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidati; 19821989 wlebSi iyo ssr kavSiris mecnierebaTa akademiis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis aspiranti, umcrosi mecnieri TanamSromeli; 1989-1991 wlebSi – sabWour-avstriuli erToblivi sawarmo „tekonis“ moskovis filialis direqtoris moadgile komerciul saqmianobaSi; 1991-1992 wlebSi – sabWourgermanuli erToblivi sawarmos – „marketingi – XXI“ (q. moskovi) – generaluri direqtori; 1992-1993 wlebSi saaqcio sazogadoeba „trastis“ (q. moskovi) generaluri direqtoris moadgile komerciul saqmianobaSi; 19931994 wlebSi – individualuri kerZo dawesebuleba „biaros“ (q. moskovi) prezidenti; 1994-1995 wlebSi – moskovis damoukidebeli samauwyeblo korporacia „tv-6 moskvas“ programebis wamyvani; 1995-1998 wlebSi – Ria ti pis saaqcio sazogadoeba „ompeqsis“ konsultanti (moskovi) sainvesticio saqmianobis sakiTxebSi; 1998-1999 wlebSi – krasnoiarskis mxaris gubernatoris moadgile; rf-is mTavrobasTan arsebuli krasnoiarkis mxaris administraciis mudmivi warmomadgenlobis xelmZRvanelis moadgile; saerTaSoriso klasis sportis ostati wyalburTSi. 1998 wels aqtiurad monawileobda krasnoiarskis mxaris gubernator a. lebedevis saarCevno kampaniaSi. kerZod, 1998 wlis maisSi krasnoiarskSi frangi msaxiobis – alen delonis Camosvlis organizatori gaxldaT. vice-gubernatoris postze kurirebda norilskis sawarmoo raions da mxaris administraciis sagareo ekonomikur moRvaweobas. 2000 wlidan 2003 wlis ianvramde ruseTis federaciis qonebrivi urTierTobis ministris moadgile iyo. avtoria literaturuli miniatiurebisa, nabokovis prozis Targmanisa. araerTxel daibeWda iseT gamocemebSi, rogoricaa „rodina“, „literaturnoe obozrenie“, „novaia rosia“, „sibirskie ogni“. amJamad gamomcemelia Jurnalisa „artxronika“, romelic unikaluria im mxriv, rom misi masalebi klasikuri da Tanamedrove xelovnebis Serwymas warmoadgens da uaRresad sainteresoa rogorc dargis mcodneebis, ise moyvarulTaTvisac. 1890-ianebis tfilisi: mokalme Saliapini, Segirdi peSkovi da memuxruWe konduqtori firosmani erTad muSaobdnen. Sexvedrian ki erTmaneTs? wvrilmanebSi guldasmiT, siyvaruliTa da TiTqmis umiznod qeqva... arada, swored am Zvelmanebisgan iSveba yvelaze saintereso rameebi amqveynad. ase magaliTad (risTvis, netav?), konduqtori firosmani vagonis minebze daisis Suqis anarekls ucqerda. muSa aleqsei peSkovi tfiliseli avarebis saubrebs usmenda. TiTqmis, aseve, literatori, mTargmneli, Jurnal „artxronikis“ gamomcemeli Salva breusi saqarTvelos istoriis namsxvrevebs akowiwebda. da poulobda kidec – gasaocrad cocxal da Tbil „uCveulo daaxloebebs“. isini fantastikad moCans. Tumca swored yvelaze warmoudgeneli siuJetebi (rogorc Zvel tfiliss SeSvenis!) realoba aRmoCndeba xolme, xolo amierkavkasiis rkinigza mebiusis lentiviT ixlarTeba, rvianis msgavsad – maradisobis niSnad. amierkavkasiis sarkinigzo gzis istoria dasabams 1872 wels foTi-tfilisis xazze moZraobis sazeimo gaxsnidan iRebs. saintereso dro iyo. bolos da bolos, dasrulda 50 welze metxans gagrZelebuli kavkasiis omi. Samilis sikvdilidan erTi weli Tu iyo gasuli. kavkasiaSi uwindeburad vaWrobdnen adamianebiT, xolo tyeebSi abragebi daTareSoben. Tumca istorias ver SeaCereb. baqos navTobi zRvisken gasasvlels eZebs. sadacaa TurqeTTan sisxlismRvreli omi daiwyeba. ruseTis imperiisTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania, sarkinigzo gzebis foladis karkasad erT muStad Sekras kavkasia. 1883 wels igeba baqo-tfilisi-baTumis monakveTebi. mis kvaldakval, 1894 wels, amuSavdeba mixailovo-borjomis, Semdeg ki tfilisi-yarsis monakveTebic. Tumca gverdze gadavdoT mSrali statistika. mazuTis suniT gaJRenTili mTeli es Tavsamtvrevi cifrebi, fuladi da satvirTo nakadebis rTuli gantolebebi arqivSia Semonaxuli. CvenTvis ki sxvagvari cnobebi ufro mniSvnelovania. swored kavkasiis sarkinigzo gzaze, tfilisis mTavar sarkinigzo saamqroebSi, 1892 wlis zafxulSi momniSnavad muSaobda vinme peSkovi, 20 wlisa. momavali proletari mwerali sammarTvelos moangariSe aleqsandre kaluJnisTan cxovrobda. iqve, tfilisSi, gasarTob baRSi, sadac publika Ris scenaze gamosul artistTa mosasmenad daiareboda, aylayuda, gamudmebuli SimSilisgan gaZvaltyavebuli avara lukmapuris mosapoveblad anekdotebiT arTobda restornis stumrebs. am saqmianobisas gaicno amierkavkasiis rkinigzis sammarTvelos muSakebi da erTxel baRSi morig sufrasTan Tavisi awewili cxovrebis Sesaxeb mouTxro. da hoi sakvirvelebav! misma monaTxrobma TanagrZnoba gamoiwvia. msmenelebma, romlebmac gaarkvies, rom is ganaTlebuli kaci iyo da „sakancelario samuSaosac“ icnobda, SesTavazes, TxovniT miemarTa rkinigzis buRaltrisTvis (savaraudod, imave sufrasTan, gvarianad SezarxoSebulisTvis). Txovna daiwera da guSindeli avara amierkavkasiis sarkinigzo gzebis sammarTvelos mokalmed iqca, TveSi 30 maneTis jamagiriT. TumcaRa, rkinigzaze misi kariera ar aewyo da iZulebuli Seiqna, profesia Seecvala. avaras Teodor Saliapini erqva. amave dros, swored amierkavkasiis sarkinigzo gzebze 1890 wlis 17 aprils satvirTo vagonebis memuxruWe konduqtorad moewyo kidev erTi uiRblo kaci: „xelwerils vudeb amierkavkasiis sarkinigzo gzebis sammarTvelos maszed, rom Cemi movaleobis ganmmartebeli instruqcia miviRe; amasTan, amixsnes TiToeuli punqti, romlebic gavige da Cems Tavze viReb, ganuxrelad Sevasrulo masSi gadmocemuli yvela wesi. aseve, vivaldebule, davemorCilo fulad jarimebs samsaxurSi, romlebsac rkinigzis xelmZRvaneloba damiwesebs. konduqtori nikoloz firosmaniSvili, 1890 wlis 17 aprili“. amgvarad, gamoricxuli ar aris, rom rigi sakancelario dokumentebisa, romlebic firosmaniSvils exeboda, Saliapinis xeliT iyos dawerili. dasaSvebia, isini erTmaneTs Sexvdnen kidec. 1891 wlis zafxulSi Saliapini baqoSi aRmoCnda. jgufi, romelTan erTadac Camovida, gaemgzavra da is srulebiT marto darCa ucxo qalaqSi samsaxurisa da Weris gareSe. SimSilobda. Tanac, imxanad qoleris epidemia mZvinvarebda. xalxi pirdapir quCebSi ixoceboda. aseT mZime, TiTqosda gamouval situaciaSi, moulodnelad bedma gauRima – quCaSi oTxi orgrivniani i pova. jer qababiT danayrda, Semdeg ki rkinigzis vagzlisken gaeSura da konduqtors TbilisSi Cayvana sTxova. konduqtori keTili kaci aRmoCnda da sul 30 kapikad waiyvana. baqodan Tbilisamde Saliapinma satvirTo vagonis samuxruWe baqanze myofma imgzavra. sainteresoa, vin iyo es ucnobi konduqtori, es keTili „biWi“? im dros xom matarebeli bevri ar iyo da iSviaTadac dadiodnen, xolo niko firosmaniSvili araerTxel daujarimebiaT ubileTo xalxis mgzavrobisTvis... Sexvedris kidev erTi savaraudo adgili tfilisSi sammarTvelos saavadmyofo SeiZleboda yofiliyo. meisre konduqtorebi zamTar-zafxul gadauxurav Ria baqnebze idgnen qaris, mzisa da wvimis qveS. firosmaniSvili xSirad avadmyofobda, samsaxuridan daTxovnamde ki janmrTelobis SeryevisaTvis fuladi kompensaciis miRebas cdilobda. bolos ki miafurTxa Semweobasa da samsaxurs da 1893 wlis 30 dekembers samsaxuridan ganTavisuflda. Saliapini sammarTvelos saavadmyofoSi difterits mkurnalobda. Tumca iq mcirexans dahyo da male, rogorc es volJskel avaras Seefereba, fanjridan gadaxta da gaiqca. erTob uCveulo rkinigzaa, sadac konduqtorad firosmani muSaobs, mokalmed – Saliapini, xolo Segirdad – gorki... Saliapins sakancelario muSaobis araviTari gamocdileba ar hqonda. firosmans saxeze ewera, rom uxeiro konduqtori iyo. tyuilad ki ar aWrelda misi samsaxurebrivi nusxa sayvedurebiTa da jarimebiT: „ubileTo mgzavris wayvanisTvis – 3 maneTi“, „mTavari konduqtoris daumorCileblobisTvis – 3 maneTi“, „morigis brZanebis SeusruleblobisTvis – 3 maneTi“, „matarebelSi gamoucxadeblobisTvis – 2 maneTi“ da a. S. sarkinigzo saamqroebis muSakad peSkovis gamosadegobac erTob saeWvo iyo. TumcaRa Saliapinma am samsaxuris wyalobiT amoisunTqa, tfilisSi darCa da pirvelad Tavis sicocxleSi musikis gakveTilebi profesionali pedagogis – simReris profesorisgan aiRo. gorkim Tavisi pirveli moTxroba „makar Cudra“ da poema „qaliSvili da sikvdili“ aq dawera. „makar Cudra“ gazeT „kavkasiaSi“ daibeWda (mwerlis pirveli publikacia!) kaluJnis daxmarebiT, romelmac avtors rekomendacia gauwia Tavis megobarTan, Jurnalis TanamSromel marevTan. rogorc Cans, rkinigzis mokrZalebuli moangariSis roli didi proletari mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi bedis warmarTvaSi am erTi rekomendaciiT ar Semofarglula. wignSi „maqsim gorkis cxovreba da Tavgadasavali“ i. gruzdevi wers: „kaluJni adga, mas (gorkis) mxrebze xeli moxvia da sxva oTaxSi gaiyvana. SigniT ubiZga da kari miuketa. – mand, magidaze, furcelia, – uTxra kars miRma gaocebul alioSas, – dawereT, rac miambeT. sanam ar dawerT, ar gamogiSvebT“. Tavad kaluJni irwmuneboda, rom amgvari araferi momxdara, Tumca ukve saxelmoxveWili gorki mas swerda: „Cemo Zvirfaso megobaro da maswavlebelo aleqsandre mefodis Zev! Tqven pirvelma... SemomxedeT rogorc ara marto ucnaurbiografiian ubralo biWs, umizno mawanwalas, raRac TavSesaqcevs... Tqven pirvelma... maiZuleT, sakuTari TavisTvis seriozulad Semexeda. Tqvens biZgs unda vumadlode, rom ager ukve 30 welia, patiosnad vemsaxurebi rusul xelovnebas...“ firosmani muSaobisas gaecno da daumegobrda axal adamianebs, ZiriTadad, rkinigzis muSakebsa da mosamsaxureebs. urTierTobda maTTan samsaxuris Semdegac, xSirad xatavda. Cvenamde moaRwia „rkinigzelis portretma“ (miSa metexeli). mogonebebiTaa cnobili „ori megobris portreti – rkinigzeli muSebi“, romelic ekida satraqtiro dawesebuleba „variagSi“, da rkinigzis ufrosis, vinme yifianis, portreti. satvirTo vagonis samuxruWe baqnidan firosmaniSvilma amierkavkasiis sxvadasxva kuTxe ixila – baTumi, mixailovo (xaSuri), elizavetopoli (ganja)... da es mis Semoqmedebazec aisaxa. SemTxveviT rodi gamoCnda mTvaris SuqiT mofenil dablobze „kaxeTis matarebeli“. arc vagzali, arc baqani, relsebic ki ar moCans. ubralod, matarebeli dgas mindorze, alaznis lenti, Rameuli mTebi... mgzavrTa konturebi fanjrebSi. glexi raRac nugbaris gayidvas Cqarobs. „baTumi“ – saTamaSo xomaldebiT savse ube, mTebze mixutebuli qalaqi, gvirabidan matarebeli gamodis, orTqlmavali qSinavs da kvamls uSvebs... sadRac, tilos miRma mieqaneba, relsebi drois mdinarebas mihyveba, gaielvebs sadguris baqnebi da icvlebian mgzavrebi... gaCereba. vagzlis bufetSi didebulis utifrobiT axalgazrda oficeri iaraRs isvris. vagonis fanjaraSi norCi satrfo moCans, SiSiT dazafrul guls qvemoT mis Svils rom atarebs. sabediswero gasrola. oficeri usulod ecema, ubeduri deda ki mSobiarobisas iRupeba. „ar daidardo“, mkiTxvelo, – bavSvi ar daobldeba. mas aRzrdis da swor gzaze daayenebs saxelganTqmuli eqimi Rlonti, metsaxelad – buba. samtrediis sadguri. moxuci varlami mxarze Semomjdari ucnauri frinveliT baqanze daiareba. Citi miliviT dagragnil baraTebs iRebs, romelTa saSualebiTac Saurad gaigeb sakuTar bedisweras. moxucis coli daskintlul sarkinigzo gzas qloriT wmends. rkinigza maT SimSiliT sikvdilis saSualebas ar aZlevs, erTmaneTi uyvarT, xolo Citi, dedabrisTvis fuls rom i paravs saxelmwifo bankidan da cixeSi megobrebis gamo xvdeba, sikvdilamde maTi erTgulia. matarebeli ki miqris da miqris... samuxruWe baqanze moajirze Camoyrdnobili firosmani dgas. gorki, ra Tqma unda, orTqlmavlis memanqaneebTan gadamjdara. Saliapini marto zis da vercxlis finjnidan Cais miirTmevs. gabriaZe da danelia qvebis raxaruxiT dominos TamaSoben da raRacaze baasoben... erT mSvenier dRes matarebeli (mgzavrebi vercki SeamCneven!) gigantur mosaxvevSi narnarad mobrundeba da baTumis gvirabSi gauCinardeba. garkveul xans siCumes mamakacis xma daarRvevs, „faustis“ arias rom mReris. Semdeg simRera subtropikebiT gaJRenTil haerSi Caikargeba. masTan erTad gauCinardeba mTeli suraTi. mis kvaldakval ki odesme Cvenc gavqrebiT da gavuCinardebiT... da mainc, araCveulebrivi xalxi muSaobda amierkavkasiis rkinigzaze! moskovi ilori 9 3-10 maisi 2011 “n-an-a Cveni, afxazeTi” Cveni gazeTis mkiTxvelebs vTavazobT novelebs mweral rafiel gelantias amave saxelwodebis wignidan soxumis saZmos biWebi soxumi Zmobis da siyvarulis qalaqi iyo. soxumis saZmoSi Seuracxyofad miaCndaT vinmes eTnikuri niSniT xseneba. aseTi uxamsoba mianiSnebda mis arasoxumelobas. saZmo rCeuli soxumeli axalgazrdebis garkveul jgufs aerTianebda, romlebic agrZelebdnen wina Taobebis dauwerel kodeqss – Seni qalaqi Seni cixe-simagrea, misi yvela mcxovrebi Seni axlobeli. saZmoSi xelmZRvanels ar irCevdnen. lideri Tavisi sityvis patroni da saqmis gamkeTebeli axalgazrda iyo, samarTliani, daCagrulTa mfarveli. saZmos nacnobebi, megobrebi, Tanamzraxvelebi hyavda afxazeTis sxva qalaqebsa da soflebSi, afxazeTs gareT. saZmo politikaSi ar ereoda, miliciasTan konfliqtSi ar Sedioda. wesrigis damcvelebic maT endobodnen, pativs scemdnen, rogorc wesi, liderTa Txovnas angariSs uwevdnen. saZmos avtoriteti da mxardamWerTa raodenoba mniSvnelovnad gaizarda afxazeTis xelisuflebaSi erovnuli niSniT bzaris gaCenis kvalobaze. mosalodneli ubedurebis winaTgrZnobis SiSiT saZmos uerTdebodnen adamianebi romelTa eTnikuri warmomavloba imJamad sabWour pasportSi Canawers ar scildeboda. saZmo SeSfoTebiT adevnebda Tvalyurs qalaqSi ganviTarebul movlenebs: politikuri Tu eTnikuri niSniT Catarebul mitingebs, dapirispirebis gamwvavebis mcdelobas, qarTvelTa Soris ganxeTqilebas, rac cxadia, qalaqis mosaxleobis umetesobisTvis miuRebeli iyo. 1989 wlis 17 ivliss, saRamos, `amraSi~ qalaqis saZmos ocdaaTamde lideri Seikriba. 15-16 ivliss, afxazeTSi momxdari sisxlisRvra dasasrulis dasawyisad miiCnies, daRupulTa saxsenebeli warmoTqves da moqmedebis gegma dasaxes. Sekrebis winamZRols, qarTvel jemals, mouwia exsenebina saZmos wevrTa eTnikuri dayofis dauSvebloba, da Semoetana saZmos liderTa araformaluri saTaTbiros arCevis winadadeba. saTaTbiroSi xuTi soxumeli Sevida: afxazi sergi, somexi rafiki, berZeni dima, rusi saSa da qarTveli jemali. gadawyda Careuliyvnen qalaqis mosaxleobaSi gaCenil gaugebrobaTa mogvarebaSi, tradiciuli erTobis gadarCenaSi. saWirod miiCnies sajaro politikisgan TavSekaveba, magram Ramis Sexvedrebis mowyoba yvelasTan, visac gavlena hqonda soxumSi, miuxedavad maTi poziciis, xelisuflebaSi Tanamdebobisa da erovnebis; gamoikveTa operatiuli samoqmedo mizani: mtrad qceulTa Serigeba jvarze daficebiT, erovnuli niSniT dapirispirebis SeCereba, konformistTa da SekveTil provokatorTa mxileba. roca sakmaod nasvami saTaTbiros wevrebi iSlebodnen, TvalSi ver uyurebdnen erTmaneTs, TiTqosda TiToeul maTgans gansxvavebuli cxviri, Tvali, Tma, Cacma, xma da Taviseburi aqcenti hqonda, rac adre ar SeumCneviaT. soxumis saZmo muSaobas Seudga. qalaqi dawynarda, ramdenime TveSi minelda Ria muqara nacionaluri niSniT, agresiuli mitingebi, Tumca saTaTbirosTvis saidumlo ar iyo rom, yovelive es droebiTi iyo, radgan uxilav, usaxelo, magram Zlevamosil reJisors sul sxva scenari hqonda dawerili. cofis virusi farTod vrceldeboda afxazeTis mosaxleobis did nawilSi. qalaqSi momravldnen manamde uCinari da ucnobi axali liderebi, e. w. saxalxo winamZRolebi, gaaqtiurdnen emociuri qalebi, romlebic advilad axerxebdnen ubralo adamianTa gonebis paralizebas, TuTiyuSis leqsikonis damkvidrebas. saZmos biWebma, SesaniSnavad icodnen bevri maTganis warsuli, magram maTi sajaro mxileba metad rTuli iyo, radganac stiqiad qceuli brma da yru masa mesias eZebda da saswaulebis dajereba surda. dadioda xmebi, rom soxumSi, da mTlianad afxazeTSi, uamravi `speci~ saqmianobda, romlebic uxvad arigebdnen fulsa da dapirebebs. vrceldeboda Wori, TiTqosda mraval kriminals, saidumlo davalebiT, cixis karebic gauReso Turme. saZmos wevrebi dRe da Rame imyofebodnen soxumis ubnebSi, raionul centrebSi, xalxs afrTxilebdnen SesaZlo safrTxis Sesaxeb. saTaTbiros wevrebma gudauTaSi pirvelad igrZnes seriozuli agresia maT mimarT, gansakuTrebiT `moxvdaT~ sergis da jemals, pirvels moRalate uZaxes, meores – sazizRari qarTveli, stumrebs vaxSamic ar SesTavazes, rac adre arasdros momxdara. darwmundnen, rom gudauTaSi `aidgilaras~ kargad emuSava. saZmo civad miiRes gulirifSis somxur soflebSic. mxardamWerebi dumdnen, krunkistebma ki sakmaod gabedulad Seuties qarTvelebs. xelwera igive iyo, rac gudauTaSi, magram nakleb agresiuli. saubari mainc Sedga, asakovanma somxebma saqmianoba mouwones biWebs, Tanadgoma aRuTqves. oCamCireSi saZmom raionis mravalerovani mosaxleobis erTsulovneba naxa. aq ficic dades, rom afxazebi da qarTvelebi ar aiRebdnen iaraRs erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg. gvian damTavrda Cveuli siyvaruliT aRsavse sufra. afxazeTis parlamentis 1991 wlis arCevnebma garkveuli droiT gadado mosaxleobasa da elitaSi ukve gamokveTili dapirispireba. paradoqsi is iyo, rom afxazebi aSkarad erTsulovani iyvnen, vidre qarTvelebi. saZmomac gadawyvita dalodeboda movlenaTa ganviTarebas, taqtikac Secvala: Seecada kontaqtebze gasuliyo afxazeTis parlamentis axlad arCeul wevrebTan, gaego maTi motivacia da pozicia. bevri saintereso Sexvedra Sedga, Tumca iyo SemTxvevebi, roca calkeulma qarTvelma da afxazma liderebma maT usaqmuri quCis biWebi uZaxes, ris gamoc rigi maTgani. male quCis biWebis mier qalaqgareT gamarTul viwro Sexvedraze aRmoCnda da bodiSebiT datova iqauroba. jemals megobrebma moskovidan Seatyobines rom male afxazeTSi xidebi afeTqdeboda, rkinigzis vagonebi gaiZarcveboda, gaficvebis axali talRa daiwyeboda, politikur elitaSi mwvave ganxeTqileba moxdeboda. amasTan dakavSirebiT saZmom naxevrad oficialuri delegacia miavlina parlamentis qarTvel, afxaz, somex, rus wevrebTan, politikuri Tanamdebobis pirebTan. amjerad ufro yuradRebiT mousmines. 1992 wlis ianvridan viTareba ukiduresad daiZaba saqarTveloSi. afxazeTSi feTqdeboda xidebi, iZarcveboda rkinigzis vagonebi, eleqtrosadenebi, sawarmoebi da dawesebulebebi, Cveulebad iqca adamianTa gataceba, gaixliCa afxazeTis parlamenti. avtonomiis realuri xelisufali uzenaesi sabWos afxazuri prezidiumi gaxda. kvlav agorda mitingebisa da saprotesto gamosvlebis talRa, politikuri niSniT daqucmacda afxazeTis qarTveloba, rasac garegnulad mSvidad Sescqeroda, magram farulad axalisebda afxazuri xelmZRvaneloba. soxumelTa Cveul erTobas wyali Seudga, mtris mizani TiTqmis miRweuli iyo. kvlav dafacurdnen saZmos biWebi, dReRameSi ramdenime Sexvedras awyobdnen qarTvelebTan, afxazebTan, rusebTan, somxebTan. iqmneboda STabeWdileba, rom TiTqos aravin araferi icoda, araviTari moqmedebis gegma ar arsebobda, yvela raRacis molodinSi iyo. saZmos liderTa ojaxebSi muqaris zarebi gaisma. saZmos zogierT wevrsac daetyo gulgatexiloba, imata pasiurobam. am movlenas axsna hqonda, zogierT qarTul da Sereul ojaxSi col-qmari, Svilebi gansxvavebul poziciebze idgnen, sakuTari azris gamoTqma saSiSi gaxda. somxebi, rusebi, berZnebi, ebraelebi, rogorc wesi, gaCumdnen, dros daelodnen. dro da movlenebi ki ufskrulSi miaqanebda afxazeTs, sayovelTao amnezia sufevda yvelgan da yvelaferSi. SeZrwunebulma saZmom ukve politikuri nabijis gadadgma scada, cal-calke Sexvda afxaz da qarTvel politikosTa elitas, araformal liderebs, inteligenciis warmomadgenlebs, Savi samyaros avtoritetebs da Cixidan gamosasvlelad afxazeTis parlamentis axali arCevnebis Catareba SesTavaza. es ukve aravis sWirdeboda. ivlisis Sua ricxvebSi gudauTidan momavali sergi, avtomanqaniT xramSi gadaiCexa-win mimavalma mZime samxedro avtomanqanam moulodnelad daamuxruWa da sergis arCevani ar dautova. mis gasvenebaSi aTasamde kaci Seikriba, upiratesad qarTveli axalgazrdebi. saxeldaxelo mitingze quCis megobrebis saxeliT sityviT jemali gamovida da afxazi megobris mkerdze xeldadebulma daifica, rom sergis megobrebi Surs iZiebdnen afxazeTis mtrebze. 21 ivliss, sofel aradusTan, oCamCiredan momaval saZmos avtomanqanas cecxli gauxsnes, manqana xes Seaskda. jemali, dima da rafiki daziandnen. ucnobma pirebma isini soxumSi gadaiyvanes. axloblebis da saZmos megobar eqimTa rCeviT rafiki saoperaciod erevanSi, dima ki aTenSi gadaafrines. barZaydamsxvreuli jemali soxumSi darCa. jemalis daJinebuli moTxovniT SeTxelebul saZmos saTaveSi saSa Caudga. 14 agvistos ZmaTamkvleli omi daiwyo. imave dRes saxelmwifo sabWos policiis da gvardiis nawilebi wiTel xids moadgnen da iqve SeCerdnen. vladislav arZinbam saomari mdgomareoba da sayovelTao mobilizacia gamoacxada. igi gudauTaSi gadavida. omis SeTanxmebisTvis erTkviriani pauza sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda. qalaqidan daiwyo araqarTveli mosaxleobis, upiratesad, afxazebis gasvla. saZmos asamde wevri saavadmyofos ezoSi Seikriba. jemalma sakacidan mimarTa maT da sami amocana dausaxa: ar mieRoT monawileoba ZmaTamkvlel omSi; misuliyvnen yvela araqarTvelis ojaxSi da eTxovaT, rom ar daetovebinaT soxumi, sakuTari ezo-kari; yvelaferi gaekeTebinaT ubedureba Si Cavardnili mosaxleobis dasacavad. soxumSi bevri afxazi, somexi, rusi, ebraeli, berZeni darCa. saZmos biWebma mSvidobiani mosaxleobis mimarT Zaladobis aRsakveTad morigeoba daaweses... oqtombris dasawyisSi cnobili gaxda, rom saSa gagris stadionze daxvrites. saSa gagraSi Casula daoblebuli ZmisSvilebis soxumSi gamosayvanad. jemali samudamod dakoWlda. cxadi iyo, rom omis manqanis SeCereba saZmos Zalebs aRemateboda. jemali erT-erT samxedro nawilSi moxalised Caewera da qalaqis mosaxleobisTvis gamogzavnili puris fqvilis gadmotvirTvaze agebda pasuxs. igi kvlav rCeboda saZmos im wevrebis liderad, romlebic qalaqis damcvel-moxaliseTa rigebSi Cadgnen. dima saberZneTSi darCa, rafikma, marjvena zeda kidurebis amputaciis gamo, soxumSi dabrunebas Tavi aarida, meomar qalaqSi zedmet tvirTad CaTvala Tavi. 16 marts, Ramis 2 saaTze, jemals acnobes mdinare gumisTaze ruseTis specrazmebisa da volonterebis mier qarTvelTa poziciebze didi ZalebiT Semotevis Sesaxeb. man umal mouyara Tavi ocamde saZmoels da gamTeniisas SeTxelebuli qarTveli mebrZolebis rigebSi Cadga. igi sikvdils eZebda: sangarSi Casvla iukadrisa, mTeli taniT wamomarTuli mWids mWidze clida. diliT soxumis damcvelebi kontrSetevaze gadavidnen. gawmendis operaciebis dros jemalis dafleTili sxeuli megobrebma im qurTukiT amoicnes, romelic mas gansakuTrebiT moswonda da sazeimo Sexvedrebze icvamda. 31 marts mas 25 weli Seusruldeboda. ojaxi ar Seuqmnia. jemalis deda, oblad gazrdili erTaderTi Svilis dards gadahyva. soxumelTa saZmos umetesoba daiRupa. zogma afxazeTSi hpova samare, zogic ugzo-ukvlod dakargulTa siebs Seemata. nawilis gulma devnilis mZime xvedrs ver gauZlo da adre wavida am qveynidan. daikarga soxumi da masTan erTad qalaqis uTanamdebebo biWebi, romelTa mTavari mowodeba mxolod soxumelis saxeli iyo. rafiel gelantia Tbilisi-senaki, 27 seqtemberi, 1998 w. 10 3-10 maisi 2011 guli _ soxumis samkvidrebeli soxumi gansakuTrebuli silamazis qalaqi iyo da aris. amaze ori azri aravis aqvs. magram yvelaze gamorCeuli mainc am, Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi mudmivad mravalerovnuli, qalaqis istoriaSi misi mosaxleobis megobruli, faqizi urTierTdamokidebuleba iyo. marTlac, mis yava Tu CaixanebSi, ZvelTuZvelesi dioskuriisa ar iyos (rodesac iq “mileTis xalxi ireoda”), ra enaze ar gaigonebdiT saubars _ qarTulad, afxazurad, rusulad, berZnulad, somxurad, ukrainulad, osurad, estonurad... yvelaze xSirad ki, mainc Tavis cnobil “brexalovkaSi” (“salayboSi”) metyvelebda sxvadasxva enaze qalaqi. saerTod, “brexalovka” soxumis “sanapiros parlamenti” gaxldaT. gamorCeuli iyo “brexalovkas” demokratia _ vis ar naxavdiT aq: profesorebsa da mZRolebs, Cinovnikebsa da portis mtvirTavebs, inJinrebsa da muSebs, mxatvrebsa da mwerlebs, studentebsa da fotografebs... mokled, im adamianebs, romlebic wlebis, ufro zustad, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi ZirZvel soxumelTa kastas qmnidnen. soxumeli _ es erTi sityva aerTianebda sxvadasxva erovnebis qalaqels da isinic amayobdnen am gansakuTrebulobiT. ikribebodnen soxumelebi, aseve, cnobil “amraSi”, “afraSi”, “kukurCaiSi”, “pingvinSi”, “inturistTan”, “dioskuriaSi”, “u akofa”... sxvaganac. miirTmevdnen yavas, Cais, TamaSobdnen Wadraksa da dominos, da Tan raze ar saubrobdnen, raze ar kamaTobdnen TavianT “parlamentSi”: politikaze, fexburTze, amindze, cxel-cxel ambebze, igonebdnen da yvebodnen anekdotebs somxebsa da sxvebze. yovel qalaqs Tavisi xasiaTi da ena aqvs. soxumsac! is, vinc misi ena da xasiaTi ar icoda, uWirda qalaqTan urTierToba, magram aqve unda iTqvas, rom Semdgom orives swrafad iTvisebda da laRad urTierTobda am, damsvenebelTa sakurorto-sazeimo ganwyobis wyalobiT naTeli auris mqone, saqmian qalaqTan. zafxulSi damsvenebelTa raodenoba adgilobrivTa raodenobas bevrad aRemateboda, magram soxums arc zamTarSi aklda stumrebi _ aq saSualo wliuri temperatura +15 gradusia, qalaqs CrdiloeTiT civi qarebisagan kavkasionis qedi icavs, zRvac Tavis siTbos unawilebs da amitomac, yovelgvari saTburis gareSe, pirdapir quCaSi uxvad xaroben faqizi subtropikuli Tu tropikuli mcenareebi, galoben iSviaTi saxeobis frinvelebi, romlebic gasamravleblad afxazeTSi indoeTidan da afrikidan mofrinaven, radganac iq Sesabamisi siTboa da wvimebic zomieri icis. soxumis “aboboqrebul simwvaneSi” (konstantine paustovskis frazaa) Caflula: rkinigzis sadguri, porti, “didi saaTi”, sastumroebi _ “afxazeTi” da “riwa”, maimunTsaSeni (evropaSi sul oria), Tamar mefis (igive veneciis) xidi, Teatri, samxatvro galereebi, muzeumebi... romeli erTi CamovTvaloT. mas, vinc erTxel mainc naxa, ra Tqma unda, arasodes daaviwydeba misi zRvis silurje, botanikuri baRi, sanapiro, soxumis mTa, dendroparki, plaJi, Teatris win mdgari grifonebi, wiTeli da TeTri xidebi, bagratis cixe-simagre, Suqura... zRvis xiblis gamo Camosul damsvenebels ori ankara mdinarec izidavs: kelasuri da gumisTa (soxumi maT Sorisaa ganlagebuli). qalaqis SuagulSi mdinare besleTi Camoedineba da kidev patara xakifsi (“suxumka”). dioskuriidan moyolebuli dRemde, miTiTa da realobiT damuxtuli kulturaTa kveTis, umniSvnelovanes gzagasayarze mdgomi qalaqis genetikuri maxsovroba. soxumelebi TavianT qalaqze, rogorc cocxal arsebaze, ise laparakoben. qalaqelebis rbili da Taviseburi xasiaTi ki (arsebobs aseTi cnebac _ “soxumuri xasiaTi”) maTi mSobliuri qalaqis rbili klimatiT, umSvenieresi floriTa da fauniT, lamazi nagebobebis harmoniulobiTac aris ganpirobebuli. magram soxumi, upirvelesad da yovelTvis, adamianTa gulTbili urTierTobis qalaqi iyo. amitomac, garda geografiuli adgilmdebareobisa, misi samkvidrebeli nebismieri erovnebis soxumelis, im soxumelis gulSia, romelmac samudamod Seiyvara igi da sakuTari sulis nawilad gaixada. guram odiSaria, mwerali cotne dadiani megrul simRerebidan Tu megruli moTqmidan ismis cxenis Tqaruni da Wixvinic modidda. iqneb elva avarda Zvellazuri afridan, anda wminda giorgi martvilidan afrinda? mTvaris yabalaxiani, Ramis nabdiani midis, miiCqaris cotne dadiani. raxania eklesiebs Sesevia Wilyvavi, da cixeebs aziuri simRerebi Wirxlaven, cas uyefen koconebi da karvebi monRolTa. ver iqneba koxtagora saqarTvelos golgoTa! _ maS gafrindi, bedauro, grZelfafara, kanWwvrilo, oCokoCis gaxednilo da Winkebis gawvrTnilo, arc qeri gaqvs, arc arayi, arc moTmena, arc Zili, axramune horizonti, gadaxuxe manZili. Cqarobs, Cqarobs, Cqarobs avsebuli urviT, cotne dadianis rainduli guli. * * * isev ismis Tqaruni da Wixvini raSis, vxedav samegrelodan amxedrebul aCrdils. moWenaobs, mogelavs, ToxarikiT, CorTiT, fafariviT awewila saukunis SfoTi. am yiJiniT, am suliT, am maradi ltolviT isev fxizlobs uZvelesi meomari tomi. isev feTqavs, isev scems, legendebad Tqmuli, patara saqarTvelos rainduli guli. SoTa niSnianiZe omar xaiami am qveynad gmarTebs ar gadascde sifrTxilis kides, mosavals Sensas qveynad unda uCumrad mkide, sanam gaqvs ena, urebi da Tvalebic giWris, unda damunjde, dayruvde da dabrmavde kidec. dRas vegnaCirTa Te qianas sifrTxileS kirdes, sqan munawiSa, qirguquda, xe vemkirkite, odo giRu nina, yujefi do ToliT ibirde, oko demunje, deyunge do yvereT ginirTe. Targmani giorgi Sengeliasi norCi “ilorelebis” tribuna “oqros pergamentis” nominantebi Cven ukve viuwyebodiT, rom zugdidSi Catarda “oqros pergamentis” konkursi, romelmac didi mniSvneloba SeiZina. konkursis mizani gaxldaT niWieri axalgazrdebis gamovlena da popularizacia. mkiTxvelebs vTavazobT konkursis monawileTa nawarmoebebs. irakli qardava minda, rom rame mogigono, davwero cudi, magram tyuilic ki kargia Senze nafiqri, sizmarSic veRar mogekare da mxolod msurdi, jer kidev bevri damrCenia Senze safiqri. me miyvarda Seni yureba, ara Sexeba, magram mSurs qaris, rom uberavs da Sen gexeba. me gamaoca lampionma, aq rom anaTebs, wyvdiad RameSi Seni saxe gamoanaTebs. Senze Tqves albaT _ uxdebao amas cxovreba, me yvela Seni moZraoba memaxsovreba. me gamaoca Senma Tmebma, zurgze gaSlilma, ar maxsovs, maSin ra gavakeTe, azrebaSlilma. me gamaoca Tavis daxram da siarulma, Tvalebis nazad amoxedvam, Tanac farulma. Senma TiTebma gamaoces, qvas rom exebi, qvam gamaoca, rom dneboda Seni SexebiT. me wamwamebma gamaoces nazi xamxamiT, me Seni saxe moCvenebad meqca Ram-RamiT. Seni tkbili xma maocebda, gismendi roca, erTaderTi xar, ase Zlier vinc gamaoca. erTxel gakoceb, mxolod erTxel Cagexutebi da mere Tundac samudamod gagebutebi, isev da isev gaocebuli davrCebi SeniT, guli mkarnaxobs sityvebs, magram ver vambob eniT. me Sen maoceb da veRar vmalav am gaocebas, frTebi Seisxas, nu damiSli amgvar ocnebas. ilori gTavazobT nawyvetebs cnobili qarTveli xelovnebaTmcodnisa da literatoris, baton givi bojguas mier Sedgenili wignidan “megruli xalxuri poezia _ 100 leqsi”. qorZirunqini, guri maWu qorZirunqini, guri maWu, varZirunqini _ ufuraSi. Sur(i) do guriT viWuuqi, muda draSa vorda TaSi? Cqimi guri sqanwkuma re, sqani guri Sxvawkuma re, Cqim do sqani gojogafa nteriS(i) akunawy(u)a re. Cqimi guri TeSi iWu, obedi vaWve sakvecis, Cqimi guri TeS mikobu, muWoTi Cxomi ankesis. bedinero dus vorwyedi, Turme miWofuno Wiri, sqani naTxora samares kiseriSa gobZu kiri. meurqia, Siivtyvi do muS imedis domiCinanq, Ti zomaSa qomiyorqi, gursu Wleqis gomirCqinanq. seriT lursu vamarZens, sizimari mafocewnsi, Cqimi do sqani yorofa RuradRaSax vakocensi. xes mikebuni _ vardi re, gursu miRuni _ dardi re, Cqim do sqani arTo rini, nana, muWomi mardi re! badidi badid _ yeburs, TunTi golas, Cqim daCxiri _ Ce goTanas rom daginaxav, guli mtkiva rom daginaxav, guli mtkiva rom ar gnaxav _ uaresi. suliTa da guliT viwvi, sanam (ra dRemde) viyo ase? Cemi guli SenTanaa, Cemi da Seni SeZuleba mtris mowyobilia. Cemi guli ise iwvis, abeds ver dawvavs kvesi, Cemi guli ise hkidia, rogorc Tevzi ankesze. bednierad Tavs vTvlidi (vxedavdi), Turme damiWeria Wiri, Sens mier gaTxril saflavSi yelamde makravs kiri. movdivaro, Sevityve da ra imeds damibareb im zomamde miyvarxar, gulSi Wleqs gamiCen.. Rame Zils ar maZlevs, sizmari makrTobs, Cemi da Seni siyvaruli sikvdilamde ar dairRveva. xelSi rom miWiravs _ vardia, gulSi rom maqvs _ dardia, Cemi da Seni erTad yofna, deda, ra madlia! berikaci.. berikaci keriasTan, daTvi mTaSi, Cemi cecxli _ (TeTri) ganTiadisas. ilori “i e ,jh}b gbhdtkb fvfc obyfs xtvc ’e’evntcsfy cfe,fhib ufdfhrdtd vsfdfhpt evsfdhtcc _ lqtcfw gbhdtkb ufywlbc n.dtf sehvt6 lqtcfw gbhdtkb isf,tzlbkt,f sfyufdc7 xtvb cekb rb fsfcvtthst ljytcsfy itxtht,ekf lf oesbcjatkb sfdbcb rfyjypjvbtht,bs vbfuhbfkt,c bhudkbdtsc rdkfdfw ptvjht se mdtyf6 vfhw[ybd se vfh]dybd6 ibuybs se ufhts6 sevwf fv athvzdbhdfkj,bc erevbmwtdf erdt fhfhfc ’fke’c6 fqfhw _ vfnthbfkbpvc lf vbs eahj _ vteatc xdtycfc7 vbenfwyb[fh cfoeshjc jqhjxjqhjt,c6 vbenfwyb[fh mdt.ybtht,bc evfhsfd vlbyfht,fc7 uf,tlbst,ekb dyt,t,b se ecfvfyj ohbfkb [fy sb[fib uflfufmdc6 [fyfw_ nbkjcf lf mfqfklpt6 vfuhfv vfsb lfn.dtdt,f vtcfvtlbsfw dth [th[lt,f ufhlf[lbksfy6 fhct,eksfy itlfht,bs lf ctdlbfyb qbvbkbs tfkthct,b ityc lfeluhjvtk ,bzertkfc _ vjlthybcnek vtj,fc6 itycfc _ rjrfc6 hjvtkcfw hfvltybvt otkboflib ewbkj,kfl tcnevht,f tc vjehxtytkb wjldf-vflkb ,eyt,bcf7 jlf6 .dtkfathb ubylf bqjyj6 hfsf vbcsfyt,vf vfbyw it’kjy itvvecdhtkb ufywlt,bc vfhsdf6 vfsb lfehdt,f _ itesfdct,tksf itsfdct,f7 lbf[fw6 .dtkfathb eylf vjbvjmvtlj fv sjhvtnb okbc jyfdht,bc cekbthb ojyfcojhj,bc fqcflutyfl7 r,bkblfy jakbc ufvjltyfybw dth sjrfdc [jkvt vjpqdfdt,ek tvjwbfsf htvfc8 dthw_ ,ehsbc ,fofhfqt,bs ltdyf6 dtqfhw _ wtrdf-sfvfib6 kf[nb6 dthfyfbhb abpbrehb lfndbhsdf uflfafhfdc sjhvtnb okbc vfk[fpbc qhe,kbfy fvjj[dhfc6 hjvtkbw cfv.fhjc ofhqdybc njkafcbf ghjgjhwbfsf ufsdfkbcobyt,bs6 jltc cfyerdfh vnhtlc vjibyfeht,ekb ’thf lfgfnhjyt,bf7 [jkj vt dfv,j,lb lf dbvtjht,5 tb6 smdty6 ,bobthsf rfcnfd6 sfdfl vtvheityj lf vtcvehtyj6 c[dfsfsdbc ehw[dfl hjv ztlfds cbovbylbc fhnf[t,c6 erfwhbtk yfgbhpt lfcnjdts gfnfhf ,bzb lf ujuj6 lfyfhxtyb .dtkf ofvjlbs-vtsmb6 df[nfyu [fhxbkfdfct,ehfl6 .dt kf er kt, kbd6 vj rt st-vj.dfhtwf lf uf hvbfytkbw6 sfdbfysb wyj,bcoflbkf fvfkbsehs6 .dtkfyb ofvjlbs-vtsmb= bcbyb sfdfl vb[tlfdty vij,kbeh cfnrbdht,c7 ufyfqf fd[jhwj,bc vjhtdib uflftidt,bfy= thsvfytsbc ufvjyfst,f-cbrfvrfvbs lfbvo.ehdfkt,ty lfifihek ,futt,c lf fhw hfv vobrdkbc nfkqt,b ofktrfdty7 vbeidbs yt,fpt-vtsmb gfnfhf ,bzb lf ujuj7 f.dfdt,ekb fnvbc lfqfkekvf hnjt,vf6 lft6 bvsfdbsdt buh’yjy vfwjw[kt,tkb vfyfsj,kbc vjf[kjt,f6 hfsf yfflhtdfl ufvjn.et,ekb gtekb_asbkf vhbc[fyt uhbufkbc fvjdfhlyfvlt lfcnr,tc cfv.fhjc blevfkb vidtybtht,bs7 lfcnjdts vlbyfhbc gbhfc gfnfhf ,bzb lf ujuj-vtsmb6 thsvfytsbc yeutifl6 thsvfytsbc wb[t-ujljkfl6 thsvfytsbc eqkbc itvfvce,emt,kfl6 [dfk-ptu e,fnjyj mtlpt hjv lftluvt,fs oesbcjakbcufy6 sevwf fvbcsfyf itvs[dtdfib vfsb uekt,blfy yfrkt,fl fqvjcrlt,f j[dhf-xbdbkb cfoeshjc ereqvfhsj,fpt5 cfcehdtksfy .jayf uffwfvndtht,c .jdtkudfh cfrdytctkc lf cfvfhtvlt fct [tkb[tkxfzblt,ekyb bdkbfy thsvfytsbc cehdbkbsf lf oflbkbs vsdhfkb lfaybcb lf mkjf7 ceahf iefqfvtvlt ufcnfyc7 ufnhtnbkb6 at[fhtekb yflb erdt kjubyc vbyt,t,bf7 c’byfdc .dtkfc6 ’vbc ufvmbhlfd cbkjdfyc se yfgj ,b’bfc mjvfu sfviem vfhqfybfc8 c’byfds .he-vey] lt,c6 wewfc lf ke,fifc7 o.fkbw rb vbsdktvc ofvbs7 v[jkjl xdty jhc udqdb’fdc leybfpt6 ’e’evntc vfvfc lf xtvib yfflhtdfl fvjpblek cekc itvjmvtlbcfc7 ubytcbc obuybc cfrflhbcb yfgj ,b’bfc abkndt,b rb rdkfdbylt,ehfl vbabysb[t,c ’bkmeic7 lfhoveyt,ekb dfh6 [dfk dthfdby vjbwkbc [fhbc relpt uflfvndhtekb cfmvbc lfcfchekt,kfl7 yf,f[ectd sfdt,c dth ofvjcotdty7 vtht cfresfhb .fyt,bc fqt,bc lhj;fvbw lflut,f7 uflft,vt,f mjhobkc _ mtkt[b lf erdt cbc[fvpt vbdbxmfhb tsth ltbc cfvjcf[kjcrty6 vfuhfv bm aextxbc yfnfvfkc dthcfl gjekj,c ufafwbwt,ekb vpthf7 hjujhw xfyc6 itvjestyt,bfs sehvt lf vjcfdfkb chekafcjdyfl lfe,byfdt,bfs7 cb[fhekbc whtvkb vt.kfgt,f7 relbc mbwbybs vjvfwbkt,c rfdrfcbehb yfufpb7 fqvjcfdktsc ]bqfcfdbs lfflut,f sfdpt .bhvbpb vfyfsj,tkb7 ,jh}b vtjht f[kf6 hflufyfw stvifhfpt ufvjdcekdfhs6 ,fhtv vbd.dts vfc cjakbc wtynhbc vbvfhsekt,bs7 upf vj[htibkbf lf cmtkb vndhbs lfafhekb7 xdtyb cfvjcf[kjc gbhlfgbh dffybt,b w[jdhj,lyty vezf abwhekib7 eahjct,b ,eylfl itvjvhxtybf7 vt[cbtht,f ufycfresht,bs vfs h’fk yfhubpfc lf ,fxerfc itvjbyf[fdc7 ’e’evnt vj,fyqdfklt,f xdtysfy7 vtcthc ptvjs ufvndthbkb o.fdb qebc7 crjkbc vjcofdktt,b fvndhtdty ecekuekjl lf ltlf se 11 3-10 maisi 2011 h j bkfylt,f cflvt jhbpjynpt6 ufh,bfy rbchbcnt[bs7 _ itvjlbs6 ufhtw[ts lf bct itzfvtsj6 _ .dbhbc utktyf[t lf vfbyw ufh,bfy7 ,fxerfc hdfoktlb rb lfevsfdht,bf6 vfuhfv js[]th se [esupbc xfhxtybkf rkfcblfy rkfcib lf cnf;bfyj,bc v[hbd ]ev,th ufvbcjybf se ittlht,f7 ’dfkvc[dbkbf7 ufvbujybf ktdfybfc vbyljhib zfrb w[tyt,bc ltdyfib cbmf twkt,fj7 vtqbvt,f f[kf vtuhtkbc ufjwt,fpt rf[tsib5 _ it[tlt6 s[f [jv fh ujybf bv j[thcj6 _ erdbhc ’erec vb[jc pjjabkbf dbhsfy vbvfhst,fib7 fctf fvfsb cfmvtw7 upbcgbhpt kfrdfnbt,c6 bubdt nfqfyfc df,phbfkt,s vt lf xtvb ’e’evnt7 qtktib cfsfvfij obcmdbkt,c dfwb,hent,s7 thsb ]j[b vfqfkb ’f,dbc tkcfltyc vj[dlt,f lf ,fxerfc fvacjyt,bc w[dbhoby lfdfhlt,f7 lfb[ht,f dffybt,bc df.f vbc fcfqt,fl6 vfuhfv ’e’evnt bobdkt,c5 _ fwfkt6 wjnf [fyc6 njrb ufedbltc sjhtv ljhxdfhxdfkfycbf6 _ lfuyfwhfdcj lf ,fxerfw jhb yf,b]bs erelut,f7 vbd.dts f[kf upfc ’e’evntc ierblfy7 res[tib .he-vey]b lt,b cf[kj,ty7 vfs vjcltdc ’t’dyfhbs lf,ehlekb6 dffybt,bcufy it’tybkb xdtyb cfsflfhbuj cfvjcf[kj7 itvltu vfvbf hfnbfc s[bkyfhbf6 oyekb qj,bs itvjrfdt,ekb7 vtht bctd ierff vfhj qehorfb[tc ,bzt,bc cfw[jdhbct,bs lfudbhudbyt,ekb7 vfvbf hfnbfc tpj-rfhb nhbajkbfnbs itvjhfudekf7 ,jrjyt,pt it.tyt,ekb jlf elufc7 .dtkfathb ,kfudbf vfscfc7 tpjib ufafiafit,ekb yfv.tyb sesf fudbcnjc vboehekc ewbkj,kfl ufbx[jnt,f6 dbyfblfy ofh,vj,pfreyt ,e,wf [eaty[tc jhvjw uhfv f,htievbc zbfc fhfathb .jaybc rfyib itcdkbc itvltu7 fm efvhfdb ,kbc [tf lf ve[kvjh.tekb xtmthb6 .fkbjyc hjv faent,c lqtvjcoht,f xfwdtybkb r,bkt,bc xkjabybs7 hfnbt,bc tpj uflfnbndkt,ekbf6 dbyfblfy fm ufyeo.dtnkbd bvfhst,f it]b,hb kf[nib6 rjnj,fyfib8lhjij,fbf lf vutkj,fyf [jv ptlufvjzhbkbf ufnrbwbyt,ekb vbobc ptlfgbhbcsdbc7 vfvbfc tpjc udthlbs cffhdbcj vbyljhbf6 cbqhvtib rb _ n.t6 cflfw 2lhf[j,fyfc3 dsfvfij,s [jkvt yfieflqtdc se ,bylbcgbhpt7 fv n.tc vfkt ufrfafdc yjlfh ufvcf[ehlbf lf lftae’yt,f rbltw vbcbfyt,bc ufhtvjwdfib7 vbyljhc fhkty tkbfdf tvtpj,kt,f7 vfsb bpjklf xtvb r,bkff6 ltlfcfdbs ]tbhfyb7 cjcj _ ’e’evntc r,bkff6 sfvfpc ]th cfsdfkfdib fh dfult,s7 vtht bo.t,f lfqdfhrybkb vfdsek,flbs itvjrfdt,ekb crjkbc nthbnjhbf7 fsfc]th uflf,tkbkb zflht,bc vorhbdb7 cnflbjyb cfyfmt,j udfmdc7 abpbreh fqphlfc cfvb gbhjdyt,f elufc cfsfdtib5 xfvjcb’t,ekb6 gbhvhudfkb bkbrj wtrdfidbkb6 qf;qf;f6 mfkt,bc vececb fxmfhf pfysfhfbf lf crjkbc vjvvfhfut,tkb _ ifkbrj uey]ef7 tc erfyfcrytkb lfo.t,bs rkfct,c vtehdtj,c lf hflufyfw fv fcfrbc ,fdidt,bcsdbc ltlfmfhsekb ]thfw bylbc [ehvff6 vfssdbc ufcfut,b tybs fvtwflbyt,c7 _ vfvbf hfnbfc jzrflhtc_rty= vb,heylt,bfy ,fdidt,b7 _ fhkty tkbfdfc e,jhybfc_rty= rdkfd itwb,henlt,bfy7 upf crjkbc nthbnjhbfcsfy cfvfl b.jaf7 mexbc res[tcsfy6 ,tnjybc abkt,b6 abxjhtkt,c vth[bc vfubdhj,fc eotdc fdnj,ecbc ufvjxtyfvlt7 ufubltkt,b at[bs vbnecnect,ty7 yf’ dbc [t t ,bc rj hj vb vt uj yf ,;b yf dfc cfvjcf[kjc tcfpqdht,f7 ufzbhdt,bc nfkrdtcbf cojhtl7 mjhobkcf lf mtkt[ib fsb vfvfrfwb dth itwdkbc7 vf]fvc[dbkbf6 ,j[[vbfyb7 vbcb ths-thsb mfkbidbkb sbyf xtvc gfhfktkeh rkfcib cofdkj,c6 vfstvfnbrbc nhabfkbf7 vtujyf ,;byfdfc fbdybc nf[nfpt e.dfhc ’bkb cfqfvjj,bs7 ieflqbcbs bvltyfl fhf6 vfuhfv vbvoe[hblfy hjv vbcsdktvc lf [dhbydfc fvjeidt,c6 evobafhb [bkbw rb gfynfgeynbs wdbdf ufhitvj7 ,;byfdt,bc vjgbhlfgbhtl .fkbxfdt,bc cfvakj,tkjf7 yfgj ,b’bfcfdbs bcnjhbbc vfcofdkt,tkbf ]jnj .fkbxfdf6 nfylf,fkb6 dthw[kbco.fkbdbs vj’hfdb lf wfkb6 ieibc sdfkbs ufyvuvbhfdb .fksf,fylj,bc itvs[dtdfib7 cfv[th[fjc6 fktc obcmdbkc6 xdtysdbc rfhufl wyj,bkb cfgfhrj tvtpj,kt,f7 wjnf bmbs gfgfidbkt,bc fhtvblfvjf7 jmhjcathsvbfyb thbrj ufhvjybc ]fljmfhbf6 [jkj evwhjcb tlythb xtvb ufye.htkb vtuj,fhb6 gtktc vfbcehbs lf tect,bjc lfeluhjvkj,bs7 lfcf[tkt,ek cbdhwtc egbhbcgbhlt,f cfrvfjl dhwtkb qtkt6 hjvtkibw fhtrkbkb vsdfht cekeueybc .dtkfl vjtxdtyt,f ,tljdkfs pfysfhfbfc lf bcregt,c rbltw ufmfyt,ek .bfvtsib7 , e qtktc vbvlt,fht nthbnjhbf crjkbc cfresht,ff7 fyxf,f’tt,bc ofuh’tkt,ekb6 fbdybfyb jlfcf[kb lfo.t,bsb rkfcbc vjpfhlsf cfeakjf7 fm vjcdkfc dthdby lffcoht,c ;jhf hehefc lf hecekbc ptvjsufwyj,bk vfcofdkt,tkc6 nhbajy fkatyb’tc _ 2cb ‘ebrbc36 ~2it ;ekbrj3`7 vjde,heylts abxjhbc uflfcf[dtdsfy itmext,ek vupfdht,c lf yf’dbc [tt,bc rjhjvc7 vbcb vjcfpqdt vfvbf hfnbfc cfvztlkjf6 wfkrt vfdsek[kfhsbs itvjrfdt,ekb7 tpj vjatybkbf hrbybc yfzht,bs7 uf[eyt,ekb yfkt,b w[dbhxfvjidt,ekyb vbcwtvbfy ;fyubc vfhoe[t,c7 lqt fh ufdf cfvztlkjc tpjib vij,bfht mfkbdbs at[t,fxfx[ekb ufsjrbkb rfvtxt,b se w[tyt,b fh mibyfdlyty yfkt,bc fvjrdhbc ghjwtcib7 vfvbfc sfyfitvot yjlfh ztlbf vtw[tyt hf,jc ’vff7 cbufhtnbc vjcfrblt,kfl vfvbf hfnbfcsfy itbdkbc lbl-gfnfhf yfgj ,b’bfc ufvjrkt,bs6 hflufyfw fv erfyfcrytkc njvhj,bs vjfmdc fcfysb iby7 cfvztlkjib gbhlfgbh yfqdthlkblfy erblt,ty gfgbhjcc6 ufycfresht,bs lfvfvsfdht,tkb rkfcbc vjcofdktt,b6 ubsjktylbt,b lf vtc[bt,b6 pfysfhfbt,b lf cf]fbt,b6 ]j]et,b lf [eatybt,b7 fxmfhf pfysfhfbf fvfsb lfe’byt,tkb vnthbf7 fyxf,f’tt,bc vtjht cf[kib cjakbc vsfdfhb crjkff ufvfhsekb7 rtlkt,b ve[bcff6 rfh-afy]ht,b_ of,kbcf6 lfybs fzhtkt,ekb lf fsfc]th uflfqt,bk-uflvjqt,bkb7 yfut,j,f lf,fk ‘trdtyt,pt_cdtnt,ptf it.tyt,ekb6 cflfw [dkbrt,bdbs lf’dht,bfy pfhbc vjsfvfityb6 fy [tkwseyj,bc vbvltdfhb rdbwt,b qhbzjbfyb bfnfrbc zezhenfyt,sfy7 fxmfhf pfysfhfbf fmfw fh f.tyt,c 2ifnfkjpt3 ofcek .jxt,c7 dbcfw vjb[tkst,c cfvfcofdkt,kjcrty ufbult,c lf vtht bm kfpfsbfyfl lffveifdt,ty6 vfuhfv cfvztlkjib vfs lfcfrfdt,kfl fhfahbclblt,bs itvjb[tlfdc7 tc erdt cek c[df nthbnjhbff7 vsfdfhbf crjkfib fh vjobjy6 fh b.jvfh,fpjy lf vbc afhukt,c ufhts _ seylfw rbcthb ent[bfs7 cfvztlkjc cjakbc cfo.j,b trdhbc cfrvfjl lblhjyb nthbnjhbbs7 fm byf[fdty ,typbyc lf cfkbfhc7 fm f.tybf ufaezt,ekb se f[fkitrtst,ekb 2,tkfhect,b36 2ltntt,b36 2gjknfhfnjyrt,b3 lf 2rjk[blt,b37 ofuh’tkt,ekb afhlekb byf[fdc cfcjakjcfvtehytj bydtynfhc6 cfsflfhbuj yfobkt,c6 stckcf lf ]fylf,f-ljpfyfc7 afhqfkfkf ofdbohjdt,ek yfkbfib pecnfl bvltyb cbvbylb .hbf .jdtk itvjlujvf6 hfvltybw yfgj ,b’bfcsfy ufdfhxbts vsdfhbfyib7 zbirfhsfy ,e]ub cf]fbfc cfvjhbutj ]b[ehbf pfvsfh-pfa[ek f,jkt,ekb vbkbs7 ,e]ub mjcff6 lfvcrlfhb [tkt,b fmdc lf vtjht wjkc tkjkbfdt,f7 xfvjdbotdbs lf,kf lf ijsf vfhqfybfc mdbsrbhbc rjgobf cf[kb itvjufyfst,c6 cekvelfv rbhbs itstsht,ekb7 vbcb vteqkt kbpbrj vrthfdbf lf ufyeo.dtntkb uhe[eybf .ehsfcvtybcfsdbc7 uflvjbyfwdkt, wjnfc lf sfviembc cfvrdblhj,tkb ituhxt,f [tks7 itvlujv cbkjdfy [eatybfc vfvekbf6 vo.fpfhb sesehbfc cfltljakj7 c[tlfy rb,tt,pt vtpj,kbc ,fdidt,b lf 2aehnc3 tsfvfit,bfy7 sesehbfc vjut,f bjkb fh fhbc6 hflfufyw js[b dfktnbs sjs[vtn]th aehnfdc7 ittrfvfst,b lf zbyzhbs fubzhtkt,c odbdt,c6 sfyfw vjgftmhtc sfdfl lfufrhtabyt,c bv lfvcec[fd vwtyfhtc7 serb vjbueyt,f vjndktgbk vbofpt lfufaehs[t,byt,c lf vflbfyfl vjufkjrdbyt,c7 vfbyw dth tktdb6 vfbyw vfc tnvfcyt,b7 thufcb vtnhbc vjijht,bs bfif fijhnbfc6 mfymfytcfc6 ,fivfkt,bf lf cfflhtj xf.ehzt,ekb vc[kbc [tt,b7 fm ufmfyt,ekb yfhlbc sfvfibf lfdb-lfd,fctsb7 fv]thfl tydth ifveubf vje[tkst,bf mfymfytcfc lf zbc o.kbs ufenbrybf7 o.fkc bv itvs[dtdfib tofat,b6 hjwf 2ghbvbc3 qtht,b itvjufrklt,f7 fsbjlt yf,b]b lf fhxbrj ifveubfc cfw[jdhbcbf6 w[tyjcfyb rfwbc cbvfqktpt fotekb6 fuehbcufy fvjityt,ekb cdtnt,bs7 lfikbkb vfymfyblfy pfyutkf cf[tt,c ufvj.jaty ibuflfibu ]ev,thb lf pfehb7 ]ev,thb ]thfw fh uflf,fhut,ekf ufkib6 [jkj pfehb lfhxtktk ,budfdt,c ufephlbfs6 vfuhfv nfjnbc cb.dfhekb ’vt,bcufy vjclufvc7 xdtyc ufvjxbyt,fc .jdtksdbc vjdfcoht,s6 ev]j,tcbf tkbfdt,bc cfrht,ekjc vbdfg.hjs vpthf7 cfvsdkbfyb jlf wtvtynbc js[res[f cdtnt,ptf it.tyt,ekb7 ctdthbfy tkbfdf udfhbfyb [ybc ufvjukjdbkbf7 fkbjif pfysfhfbfc s[hbkbcrty uftmwtdf cfndbhsj vfymfyf6 ,jhnb uflfb[cyt,f lf uflfwdbdlt,f [fk[b7 idblb se hdf flfvbfyb lfbqegt,f6 vfs ijhbc_ ctdthbfybw7 vbcb vteqkt6 rkfhf yfhvfy[t6 cfvupbc ittwlt,f sfdbc vjrdkfc6 cbwjw[kbc vjcohfat,fc7 lbkf,ytkblfy itvbxylt,f vfhb ]fkfqjy[t6 itzfvt utxf[bkbfj7 utxf[bkbf yfleqib xfaidybkb gehbc itzfvflbf7 njkxf rfvtxbc h’bs6 vezbccbc[j .dtkbs lf jhb yfzthb [fzfgehbs ufvf’qhbfyt,ekc v e” utxf[bkbf hf zbhfl vtyljvt,f9 xfvfwdtvty f[fke[t,c lf lfdb’ht,bs jnj,fbfcrty7 upbc yf[tdfhc evnrbdytekjl ufvjdbdkbs6 vfuhfv sfylfsfy wthjltyfc ceysmdf ufvb[ibhlt,f6 ve[kt,b vbvn.eyt,c7 _ hfqfx ieinfl dfh6 _ dte,yt,b ,t,bfc7 cecnfl .jayf ibvibkbc trdbdfktynehbf lf vfhb ]fkfqjy[tw cfdfk ]j[c vjbvfh]dt,c lfdfhcrdkfdt,ekb ktqdt,bc vjcf[tkst,kfl7 uflfdcfyckfd ths-jhc7 yf[tdfh rbkjvtnhib bctd 2cecnfl3 d[lt,b7 ,jkjc5 _ xmbv utxf[bkbf vjrj6 _ fvjdeidt, qhbfkc7 rdkfd vbcodlt,f vfhb ,t,bf abybrbc [tc6 vf.kfgt,c ufawmdybk ktqdc lf fvudfhb pbupfut,bs xfdfqotds jnj,fbfib7 tkbfdt,bc zbirfhb afhqfkfkff7 ief tpjib ufvjenfybfs [bc cfojkb lf ptl ekdfibfyb ctdthbfyb fcdtybf7 ufcfqdb’t,kfl vbdtxmfhb7 uflf]dfhtlbyt,ek [tkt,pt dtgjnbyt,b7 pkemeyt,ty yeupfhb lf pfehb7 svfufikbk sbyfc lf rkfhfc vtpj,kbc mfkt,b ’kbdc frfdt,ty7 _ vjdtlb ityb ue’e,f6 _ dtnbnbyt,b lf lblgfnfhf mdbsmdbst,c7 db[ctyt,fbdybc nf[nfpt vjrfkfst,ekb meckblfy hjujh vf’hj,c xfhxtybk trfkc mby’bcsfdbs7 tkbfdt,bc ]fkf,c cflbkj,bcfc dtcnevht,b [jkvt7 bn.dbc itvfnt,ekb rfwb5 serb vjrdlt,f6 utxf[bkbf dfzfvjsj lf vtw vjo.dtnbs lfdtwtvb bfnfrpt7 vjvbnfyty gbhsfy h’tib xfaidybkb qjvbc afafc lf lfdf[tk sdfkt,c7 bmblfy vj.jkt,ekb .jdtk ief gehj,fib fbdfypt vjdflty [jkvt ,hfudfyc lf v.bcdt utxf[bkbfc vjvbh,tybyt,ty7 vfc fmts vhfdfkb rdbhf ufbh,tyc7 xfbdkbc jhvjwb6 okbcsfdb7 uf[eylt,f cfvukjdbfhj mcjdbkb jlbc cdtnt,pt6 rkfhf yfhvfy[t rb rdkfdbylt,ehfl vjcsmdfvc fbdyblfy7 cffsj,bs uh’tklt,f mdhbdbc ukjdf7 vjvodlt,f lfnbht,bc [vf lf ufvjdtieht,b ,tlbs lfxfuhekb ,bwjkfcrty7 rfksfpt ofdtgjnbyt,b6 kj.fpt dtatht,b [tkt,bs6 cfdfhw[tkc fvjdfwkb [fkfsbc ]b,blfy lf yfflhtdfl uflfstsht,ek svfc dedfhw[yb7 de.dt,b pqfght,c cfvjyflbhtj [fcbfsbcfc6 hjvkbc vsfdfhb uvbht,b vt6 xtvb vjvltdyj ’vf styubpb6 ’e’evnt lf ltblfidbkb tvtkbfytf6 bubdt ,tcbrb7 tc erfyfcrytkb kfvfhfc vtjht df;bf cfvtc[bjlfy6 xdtyb cfvtehdtj vbptpsf ufvj7 rkfhf ,bwjkfc vrkfdt,b xfvjcwdtybf7 sdfkt,ib whtvkb itihj,bf7 abmht,ib xf’bhekb vbult,c .ehc7 veylinerbs gfgbhjc totdf7 fctf vfhj qehorfb[tw7 _ cbufhtnb mfkbcsdbc voe[fht,bc itvce,emt,bc ofvfkbf rfwsfufy ufyc[dfdt,bsj6 _ bn.dbfy [ibh-[ibhfl sfdbc ufcfvfhskt,kfl lf ye thoveyt,b cbfdt se uoflbf= lfbo.t,c vjsmvf-ujlt,fc rkfhf yfhvfy[t lf v.bcdt mjhbdbs lfdfw[ht,b sfdpt7 vjhbu pqfgfhc dbibidkt, zbyrt,bs cfdct ofhvjcf[dblfy7 fct vbdfshtds cfoeshjc7 ,bwjkf rkfhfc ukjdbc ;fvc tkbfdt,sfy cf[tklf[tkj fhfrt,bs uflvjcdkf bubdtf6 hfw sfdbc lhjpt fbdybc bfnfrpt ofmwtekbc gbhsfy ceahbc rjdpbs vbnfybkb utxf[bkbf7 ht6 cfblfy cfl vjdtieht,b6 lhjbc cfobyffqvltujl6 cfv.fhjc rfyjyt,bc efhv.jatkb6 dfhcrdkfdt,bcf lf gkfytnt,bc vj’hfj,bc ]byfpt7 vfhselfy6 vqdhbt vjhtdblfy6 fyrfhf cfsfdt,bcrty vbdtmfyt,b mdbhbsbcv.htkb jhfuekt,bc vbvcufdct,bs7 tsthib uflfcek6 fcnhfkehc itho.vek cf[tt,c fqdfluty6 dwlbkj,vbc[fkb fh lfderfhuj vfs evpfrdhj ufvj[tldfc6 vfuhfv yfvwtwt,b vhxt,f vst,c lf[fh,t,ekc7 oflbyt,ekfy ztivfhbnb cfo.bcbcrty6 cflfw lqt lf qfvt thsb cfhtwkbc sfyfvtw[tlhtybf6 cflfw vjikbkbf pqdfhb wbdcf lf w[tkc ijhbc6 cflfw cekb lf c[tekb cfv.fhjc itewdktkb cfityb vfcfkff7 vbvmhfk [fnt,c _ ctdthbfy tkbfdfc6 thbrj gfgfidbkc6 ifkth fafmb’tc6 cbkjdfy [eatybfc6 vfvfxtv vb[tbkc6 ,f,et,c lf lbltlt,c6 rbltd vhfdfks lf vhfdfks6 f[fkb itupyt,bf_ ueibyobyltkb6 ueibyltkb _ ,tcj vtc[bf lf ,jxbf vtajhbf6 ltblfidbk-vfvblfidbkb6 stveh utktyfdf lf ,tmf mtw,fbf6 vfzrenbf xtvb6 yf,b]bs vjijht,ekyb uekbc fepblfy6 hfvpt ]f,ef6 ujub ]fkfqjybf6 xtvb r,bkf vb[j777 2vt se hfvt lfvtvfhsjc6 xtvb mfkbidbkb sfveyf6 sfvhbrj6 fqpfhljc xtvvf eahjcvf lfv vpbcjv7 xtvb ,byf lf hfw vt vtresdybc6 uflftwtc xtvc ujujyfc6 hjvtkbw w[jdhj,c m7peulblib sfdbc ’vfcsfy6 sfvfpsfy7 cf[kbc ntktajybf @#&-!*7 vpbcjv cofdkf uffuh’tkt,byjc sfvhbrjc cfvtlbwbyj bycnbnenib lf hjujhw sfdbc fcekc egfnhjyjc6 fqpfhljc sfdbcsfy7 dbyw of b rbs[jc tc gfnf hf ot hb kb lf xt vb yt ,fcehdbkb fh itfchekjc6 qvthsvf lfcf]jc7 vt6 ,tcbr vtc[bf7 !((& okbc * ctmntv,thb37 (gagrZeleba iqneba) 12 ilori 3-10 maisi 2011 msoflios didi fexburTelebi mas Semdeg, rac me-19 saukuneSi ingliselebma aRadgines sportis uZvelesi saxeoba, msoflios yvela qveyanaSi ibadebodnen didi fexburTelebi, romlebic qmnidnen mTel epoqas da maTi miRwevebi oqros asoebiT iwereboda planetis sportul istoriaSi. isini gvxiblavdnen Taviani safexburTo saSemsruleblo ostatobiT. es xdeboda maSin, roca fexburTi is-is iyo idgamda fexs msoflioSi da jer kidev arsad ar iyo aSenebuli, aramc Tu giganturi, aramed aTasmayurebliani stadionebic ki. magram swored maTma ostatobam daudo saTave sportis am ulamazes saxeobas, romelsac dRes lamis mTeli msoflio eTayvaneba. mas Semdeg uamravi didi fexburTeli moevlina samyaros, magram Cveni rubrika mainc win ayenebs im didi sportsmenebis xsovnas, romelTac msoflios ganaxlebuli saxiT uZRvnes jer kidev Cvens welTaRricxvamde didi xniT adre CineTSi Sobili sanaxaobrivi sporti _ fexburTi! male dainteresebul pirTa viwro wreSi aRiarebuli es sanaxaoba masiur RonisZiebad iqca, ramac warmoqmna Sesabamisi sportuli bazebis aSenebis aucilebloba. swored warsulis didi fexburTelebis damsaxurebaa, rom gvaqvs SesaniSnavi sportuli kompleqsebi “marakana”, “acteka”, “nou kampi”, “santiago bernabeu”, “luJnikebi”, “olimpiaStadioni”, “hempden parki” da sxva da sxva. swored am sportul “monstrebs” avseben pirTamde dRevandeli fexburTis “grandebi”, romlebic mondomebiTa da warmatebiT agrZeleben TavianTi didi winaprebis saqmeebs. am rubrikiT Cven gagacnobT msoflios fexburTis pionerebsac da im did Tanamedrove fexburTelebsac, romlebic qmnian msoflio fexburTis istorias. iumori * * * _ gamigonia, rom gaxdomis saukeTeso saSualeba curvaa, _ eubneba kacs coli. _ ar deijero, qalo. Sexede veSaps, ras hgavs, is upatrono! * * * _ nazikia, maCuqe Seni suraTi! _ exveweba quTaiseli. _ rad ginda Cemi suraTi? _ StefselTan mivakrav, baRnebi denTan rom ar mividnen! * * * _ raia, karloia, ase adre ratom wamoxvedi yanidan? _ daketili iyo, vincxa Cinels SeuZenia! * * * _ Tqveni anekdoti, sul cota, 50 wlis mainc iqneba! _ momilocavs, qalbatono, Tqven fenomenaluri mexsiereba gaqvT! * * * _ mami! _ eZaxis 24 wlis Svili mitos, _ me rodis davibade? _ im wels, Tofi rom gavisrole da TavSi ver gdRlize, Se SobelZaRlo! * * * _ oficiant! _ ager var, batono! _ bevri davlie da iqneba gamosafxizlebeli momitano rame! _ ager, batono, angariSi... ISSNN 1987-8966 “ilori” avtorebs ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba faqtebisa da monacemebis sizusteze msoflios didi fexburTelebi loTar maTeusi daibada 1961 wlis 21 marts, germaniaSi. TamaSobda safexburTo klubebSi “borusia” mionhengladbaxi, “bavaria” miunheni (germania), “interi” (italia), “miunhehi” (germania), “metrostarzi” niuiorki, niu-gersi (aSS). Zalian Znelia erTxmad gaxde gulSematkivarTa kerpi iseTi qveynis erovnul safexburTo sportSi, rogoricaa germania, radgan am qveyanas arasodes aklda fexburTis WeSmariti grandebi. magram, maT Soris, namdvilad Rirseuli adgili uWiravs saxelganTqmul naxevarmcvels, mogvianebiT ki dacvis xazis ubadlo darajs loTar maTeuss, romelmac fexburTis did moedanze pirveli gamoCenisTanave moi pova saerTaSoriso aRiareba. misma karieram zenits 1990 wels miaRwia, roca misi kapitnobiT germaniis safexburTo nakrebma msoflio Cempionoba moi pova, Tavad loTar maTeusi ki msoflio Cempionatis saukeTeso fexburTelad iqna aRiarebuli. aTiode wlis win ki, 1980 wlis evropis Cempionatze jer kidev yvelasaTvis ucnobi maTeusi saTadarigoTa skamze ijda. misi aRzeveba daiwyo 1986 wels, roca msoflio Cempionatis meore wreSi man fantastikuri goli gaitana marokoelTa karSi da gamarjveba moutana sakuTar gunds. maSin germaniis nakrebi finalSi gavida, magram uaRresad daZabuli matCi daTmes diego maradonas uZlieres gund argentinelebTan. maTeusis safexburTo kariera daiwyo “borusiaSi”, 1984 wels ki “bavariaSi” gadavida im droisaTvis rekorduli Tanxis _ 650.000 funti sterlingis safasurad. italielebma ki masSi 2,4 milioni funti sterlingi gadaixades. muxlis travmis gamo loTarma monawileoba ver miiRo evropis 1992 wlis evropis CempionatSi, magram 1996 wels igi uefas Tass daeufla “bavariis” SemadgenlobaSi. aleqsandre kelini Tbilisis agresiuli politika amierkavkasiaSi viTarebis normalizebas xels uSlis Tbilisis agresiuli politika amierkavkasiaSi viTarebis normalizebas xels uSlis, _ amis Sesaxeb radio „golos rasiis“ eTerSi dsT-is qveynebis sakiTxSi ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros meoTxe ganyofilebis direqtorma, aleqsandre kelinma ganacxada. informacias „rosbalti“ avrcelebs. misi TqmiT, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis qmedebebi ruseTTan urTierTobebis gauaresebiskenaa mimarTuli. amis mimaniSnebelia SpionaJTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime skandali, romelic faqtobrivad sufTa adgilze gaTamaSda da saakaSvilis gancxadebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom damdegi “axali wlis Sexvedras soxumSi gegmavs“, - ganacxada rusma di plomatma. „afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis mimarT oficialuri Tbilisis destruqciuli politika SesamCnevia rogorc afxazeTis, aseve samxreT oseTis mimarTac. saakaSvili kvlav uars acxadebs maTTan raime ti pis dialogze. is cdilobs am respublikebis miRma isaubros da maT arsebobas ver amCnevs. anu, Tbilisi gamodis iqidan, rom saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianoba SenarCunebulia da Cven amaSi maT unda davexmaroT“, - ganacxada kelinma aleqsandre (sandro) macola bili (diqsi) dini daibada 1942 wlis 8 noembers, italiaSi. TamaSobda safexburTo klub “interSi” (italia). sandro sportuli ojaxis warmomadgeneli iyo, magram amas cxovrebis dasawyisSi bedniereba ar moutania misTvis. sandro sul 6 wlis iyo, roca mamamisi _ italiis erovnuli safexburTo nakrebisa da klub “torinos” saukeTeso bombardiri valentine macola, italiis qalaq superjisTan momxdar aviakatastrofaSi daiRupa. SesaniSnavi fizikuri monacemebis mqone patara macolas, Cveuli italiuri siamayis gamo ar uyvarda, roca igi ecodebodaT, amitom aerida mamamisis gund “torinos”, sadac mamamisi megobrebi moRvaweobdnen da TamaSi daiwyo milanis “interSi”. magram, am gundSi misi debiuti sakmaod warumatebeli gamodga _ “interi” namdvilad gamanadgurebeli angariSiT (9:1) damarcxda “iuventusTan”. Tumca, macola aq arafer SuaSi iyo. es “interis” Tavkacebma gamoiyvanes protestis niSnad moedanze gundis axalgazrduli Semadgenloba, riTac gaaprotestes italiis fexburTis federaciis gadawyvetileba, romlis ZaliTac “inters” wina matCSi mogeba ar CaeTvala da matCi gadaaTamaSebines. 1962/63 wlebis sezonSi “interi” italiis Cempioni gaxda, sadac Semtevma insaidma sandro macolam 23 matCSi 10 goli gaitana. momdevno 1964 da 1965 wlebSi interma jer evropis CempionTa Tasi moi pova, Semdeg ki sakontinentTaSiriso Tassac daeufla. am turnirTa finalSi sandrom golebi gautana madridis “realsac” da portugaliis “benfikasac”. aseve, sandro macolas lomis wili miuZRvis italiis safexburTo nakrebis mier evropis 1968 wlis Cempionatis finalis mogebaSi, romlis Semdeg man Tavi gaaneba did fexburTs da mwvrTnelobas mohkida xeli. reitingi „msoflio ekonomikurma forumma“ gamoaqveyna, sadac saqarTvelo 139 qveynidan 125-e adgilzea. es informacia saparlamento umciresobis wevrTa kritikuli gancxadebebis mizezi gaxda. guram CaxvaZis TqmiT, „mewarmisTvis biznesis dasawyebad saWiro Tanxis moZieba, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia. saxelmwifo mewarmeTa daxmarebaze uars ambobs, xolo komerciuli bankebi sesxs, faqtobrivad, ar gascemen“. sabanko asociaciaSi aRiareben, rom dRes yvelaze xelmiuwvdomeli agrosesxebia. asociaciis prezidentis gancxadebiT, Tu kompanias kargi biznesgegma aqvs da moTxovnebs akmayofilebs, misTvis kreditic xelmisawvdomia, Tumca zurab gvasalias TqmiT, agroseqtorSi problemebi marTlac aris da am sakiTxze mTavroba, komerciuli bankebi da sadazRvevo kompaniebi erToblivad muSaoben. manve aRniSna, rom saqarTveloSi, sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT, krediti Zviria, Tumca es aris bankebis mier moziduli saxsrebisa da arsebuli riskebis realuri fasi. gvasalia dasZens, rom komerciuli bankebi sakuTari interesebis sazianod erTbaSad saprocento ganakveTebs ver daagdeben, radgan maTac valdebulebebi aqvT. daibada 1907 wlis 22 ianvars, inglisSi. TamaSobda klubebSi “tranmeri”, “evertoni” da “noTs qaunTi” (inglisi.) nebismieri fexburTeli, romelic qveynis nakrebSi moxvedrisTanave pirvel 5 matCSi gaitans 12 gols, udavod imsaxurebs didi fexburTelis sapatio wodebas, Tundac es momxdariyo “Semtevi fexburTis” epoqaSi, roca xuTi Tavdamsxmeli sami damcvelis winaaRmdeg gamodioda da TiTo matCSi oTxixuTi da meti golis gatana aravis aocebda. maSin bili dini 20 wlis TmaxuWuWa ymawvili gaxldaT, romelsac win didi sportuli gza edo. did fexburTSi misvlidan erT weliwadSi bili dinma inglisis rekordi daamyara _ 60 goli gaitana erTi safexburTo sezonis ganmavlobaSi. garda amisa, bili dinma Tavi gamoiCina Cempionatebis bolo sam turSi, sadac SedegianobiT erTi burTiT gauswro “midlsboros” saxelganTqmul forvards jorj kemzels. inglisis nakrebis SemadgenlobaSi bili dinma Caatara 16 matCi, romlebSic gaitana 18 goli, xolo kidev mowyobil 16 saCvenebel da amxanagur matCebSi 47 goli gaitana, rac dRemde sarekordod iTvleba. amgvari matCebis Catareba uaRresad popularuli iyo maSin, roca jer kidev ar arsebobda televizia. mis mier Catarebuli matCebis ricxvs miumateT Tasebze gamarTul 33 SexvedraSi gatanili 38 goli da kidev 379 goli, romelic man gaitana premier-ligis 438 matCSi. es warmateba daujerebelia Tundac imitom, rom dinma jer kidev safexburTo karieris dasawyisSi miiRo Tavis mZime travma, rac xSirad Seaxsenebda Tavs am didebul sportsmensa da pirovnebas. giorgi jalaRania qarTul aviabazarze Turquli monopolia farTovdeba საქართველოს ეკონომიკის სამინისტრო ქუთაისში კოპიტნარის აეროპორტს სიმბოლურ ფასად – 1 ლარად გაყიდის. ინვესტორი ვალდებულია, 1 ლარის სანაცვლოდ განავითაროს აეროპორტის ინფრასტრუქტურა, უზრუნველყოს ბილეთების დაბალი ფასი. გარდა ამისა, ინვესტორმა გარანტია უნდა დადოს, რომ წელიწადში 20 მილიონ მგზავრს მოემსახურება. აეროპორტის მართვის უფლებაზე ხელისუფლება არც ტენდერს გამოაცხადებს და არც აუქციონს.თუმცა უკვე საუბრობენ იმაზე, თუ ვინ იქნება კოპიტნარის აეროპორტის მფლობელი. როგორც ამბობენ, ყველაზე მეტი შანსი თურქულ ავიაკომპანია „ტავ ჯორჯიას“ აქვს, რომელიც თბილისსა და ბათუმში უკვე ოპერირებს. „ტავ ჯორჯიასთვის“ თბილისის აეროპორტის მმართველობაში გადაცემისას ხელშეკრულებაში ხაზგასმით აღინიშნა, რომ 300 კილომეტრის რადიუსში არცერთ ავიაკომპანიას არ აქვს უფლება, აეროპორტი ააშენოს. ბათუმის აეროპორტიც იმიტომ გადასცეს თურქეთს, რომ ყველა სხვა ავიაკომპანიის წინადადება დაიბლოკა. კოპიტნარი თბილისიდან 220 კილომეტრშია. აქედან გამომდინარე, კოპიტნარის მფლობელიც თურქული კომპანია გახდება. miuwvdomeli kreditebi saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi sabanko kreditebi msoflio masStabiT erT-erTi yvelaze miuwvdomelia. kreditebis xelmisawvdomobis redaqciis misamarTia: mTavari redaqtori: roland jalaRania WWW ilori.ge Tbilisi, baqraZis quCa #6 me-4 sarTuli sareg. #01018002930 mT.redaqtoris moadgile: daviT qobalia e-mail: [email protected] teqnikuri redaqtori: mixeil CodriSvili gazeTis menejeri: zurab qobalia reklamis ganTavseba 34-32-95 893-51-01-71 899-34-37-27
