VAlEt - Coalition of Women in German

I
The Coalition of Women in German, an allied organization of the MLA, invites
students, teachers, and all others interested in feminism and German studies to submit
relevant material to the newsletter. Subscription and membership information is on the last
page ofthis issue.
Women in German Steering Committee:
Helen Cafferty, Bowdoin Colleg(( (1993-1996)
Marjorie Gelus, Sacramento, CA (1994-1997)
Helga Kraft, Univ. of Florida (1993-1996)
Sara Paulsen, Harvard Univ. (1995-1998)
Lisa Roetzel, Univ. of Rochester (1995-1998)
Margaret Ward, Wellelesly (1994-1997)
Treasurer: Jeanette Clausen, IUIPU-Ft. Wayne
Yearbook: Sara Friedrichsmeyer, U. of Cincinnati; Patricia Herminghouse, U. of
Rochester
The Women in German Newsletter is published three times
submissions are as follows: March 1; July 1; Novemb~r 15.
~ach
year. Deadlines for
Women in German
Dept. of Modem Languages
Central Connecticu~ State University
New Britain, CT 06050 -0000
2031 828-3359
[email protected]
Send newsletter items to Martha Wallach or the appropriate Editor as listed below:
Editors:
Coordinator: Martha Wallach
Calls for Papers: Sieglinde Lug
Conference Reports:Helen Cafferty
European News: Cathy Gelbin
. Book Reviews: Barbara Hyams
Wig-L List: Brenda L. Bethman
Bibliography: Vibha Gokhale
Computer Consultant: David Blitz
Editorial Assistant: Suzana Habibovic.
Printed by Westside Printing, Northfield, MN, on recycled paper.
Fall 1995
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Women in German
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Editorial ....................................................................................................................................................1
Wig Bulletins ................................................................,............................................................................ 1
Mission Statement of the Coalition of Women in German ............................................................. 1
WIG Memorial Fund ......................................................................................................................2
WIG T-Shirts ..................................................................................................................................2
Calls for Papers .........................................................................................................................................2
WIG Conference 1996...................................................................................................................2
GSA Oct. 1996 Seattle .................................................................................................................3
MLA 1996: 2 sessions ....................................................................................................................4
Collection of Essays on Laughter, Humor, and Irony in German Women's Texts .......................... .4
Twenty-second New Hampshire Symposium .................................................................................5
Conference Reports ...................................................................................................................................5
WIG Conference in Florida ............................................................................................................5
WIG Special Sesssion - Potsdam ................................................................................................... 1 2
AATG and IDV Conference at Stanford (August 4-8, 1995, Stanford University) ............................ 15
Frauen-Literatur-Sprache ..............................................................................................................16
GSA Conference ...........................................................................................................................17
International Brecht Society .........................................................................................................18
European News .........................................................................................................................................20
News From Germany .....................................................................................................................20
Personal News ...........................................................................................................................................22
A New Wiggie in utero ...................................................................................................................22
Gisela Moffit's Promotion ..............................................................................................................22
Sue Bottigheimer Update ..............................................................................................................22
Teaching Award to Kamakshi Murti. ..............................................................................................22
Virginia Evjion: New Cartoonist .....................................................................................................22
Marilyn Sibley Fries, 1945-1995....................................................................................................22
Book Reviews ............................................................................................................................................23
Frigga Haug, Beyond Female Masochism: Memory-Work and Politics, trans ................................ 23
Jews and Gender. Responses to Otto Weininger ............................................................................24
Susanne Kord. Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen: deutschsprachige Dramatikerinnen ......................... 25
Information from the Wig-L List .................................................................................................................26
Call for papers: Aphra Behn Society .............................................................................................26
Bibliography on Feminist Scholarship in German Linguistics and Literature ................................ 27
"Frauenbibliotheken und -Archive: Nicht Vergessen an sich selbst zu Denken" .............................. 27
DEFA Film Library Project. ............................................................................................................27
100 Jahre Gertrud Kolmar .............................................................................................................2 7
50. Todestag
von Else Lasker-SchOler am 22. Januar................................................................2 7
Update on Medica ........................................................................................................................27
Women in Music ...........................................................................................................................28
Call for papers: Gender and Germanness: Cultural Productions of Nation ..................................... 28
GrenzOberschreitungen: Sexuelle Belastigung von Frauen an Hochschulen ................................ 28
Bibliography ...............................................................................................................................................2 8
New Books by Members .................................................................................................................28
Books of Interest to Members .........................................................................................................28
Notes (blank page for notes) ..........................................................................................................39
Questionnaire (to be filled out by all members and returned) ....................................................................40
Important: Deadline for returning questionnaire in time for inclusion in next directory is January 15, 1996
Editorial
The most urgent item in this Newsletter is the
questionnaire at the back. Please fill it out immediately
and send it back to me. If I receive it by January 15, it
will enable us to include you in our directory to be
published in the February issue. But even after that date,
we would like to have the filled-out questionaire back to
update our files. We are purchasing a data base (Filemaker
Pro) and are in the process of designing it to suit the needs
of the membership at-large who keeps asking for E-mail
addresses and telephone numbers. The database will also
serve the needs of the Yearbook Editors and the Book
Review Editor who want to know members' areas of
expertise to help them find reviewers, and the needs of the
Treasurer, who has to keep track of subscription
information, membership fees and address changes. Plans
are to publish only address, phone and fax information.
The questionnaire was designed by Jeanette Clausen, Pat
Herminghouse and me, in consultation with Sara
Friedrichsmeyer, Sara Paulson and David Blitz. The
Editorial Board of the WIG Yearbook edited the list of
areas of expertise.
This fall edition of the Newsletter will reach you
rather late, but both David Blitz, the Newsletter's
Computer Consultant and I are on Sabbatical and we were
out of town, and there is a time squeeze with such things
as Conference Reports and Calls for Papers which could
not be assembled before the late October WIG conference
in St. Augustine. The Newsletter is now running into the
holiday mail crunch. I would appreciate an Email
message when your copy arrives.
We have had a summer and fall of interesting
conferences. Thus, you will find that there are a lot of
different conference reports in this issue. Unfortunately,
Vibha and I were not able to get a report one every paper
read at WIG-sponsored sessions. Helen Cafferty came to
our rescue in late October as our new Conference Report
Editor and recruited reports for the WIG meeting just past.
From now on she will be asking session chairs to collect
these at the time papers are read. Welcome as a new
member of our crew, Helen!
design also graces the cover of this Newsletter,
unfortunately not in the brilliant hues of pink, purple,
green and black that you will find on our handsome white
shirt. We have used shades of grey to suggest the different
intensity of the colors.
Please note the names and E-mail addresses of the
editors under the titles of the various sections of this
Newsletter. They should receive submissions for their
respective areas, because they write or edit and assemble
that section. The only sections that I was solely
responsible for in this Newsletter are this Editorial, the
Wig Bulletins and the Book Reviews. Barbara Hyams,
whose name is listed there, is now taking over. I want to
thank them all and also my colleague David Blitz and my
student and editorial assistant Suzana Habibovic; without
their help I could not have published this issue.
Martha Wallach.
Wig Bulletins
Moving? Send us your new address!
Don't feed the shredders! Did you know that bulk
mail not deliverable as addressed is destroyed? Bulk mail
is neither forwarded not returned to the sender, but is fed to
the U.S. Post Office's shredders--hardly the final resting
place we had in mind for the WiG Newsletters and
Yearbooks!
So, please send us your new address as soon as
you can, at least 6 weeks before each newsletter's
submission deadline (February 1, May 1, November 1).
If you have missed any issues of the WiG Newsletter or Yearbook because your address change didn't reach
us in time, please send $2 for postage per missed item
when requesting a replacement. Send all address changes
and replacement requests to: Jeanette Clausen, Modern
Languages, IPFW, Fort Wayne, IN 46805-1499. Do not
send membership correspondence to Newsletter
Coordinator, Martha K. Wallach --she would have to
forward it.
Mission Statement of the Coalition of
Women in German
We would also lIke to welcome our new
illustrator, Virginia Evjion (see the piece on her in the
Personal News Column). And congratulations to Susan
Cocalis for her winning design of this year's Wig T-shirt
(which you can still purchase from Helga Kraft). The
Women in German provides a democratic forum
for all people interested in feminist approaches to German
literature and culture or in the intersection of gender with
other categories of analysis such as sexuality, class, race,
and ethnicity. Through its annual conference, panels at
national professional meetings, and through the
publication of the Women in German Yearbook, the
organization promotes feminist scholarship of outstanding
quality. Women in German is committed to making
school and college curricula inclusive and seeks to create
bridges, cross boundaries, nurture aspirations, and
challenge assumptions while exercising critical self-
awareness. Women in Gennan is dedicated to eradicating
discrimination in the classroom and in the teaching
profession at all levels.
This mission statement will be used for general
membership recruitment and infonnation purposes and
will be part ofthe WIG home page on World-Wide Web.
Make your check out to "Women in Gennan" and
mail it to:
Center for Women's Studies and Gender Research
University of Florida
115 Anderson Hall
Box 115200
Gainesville, Florida 32611.
WIG Memorial Fund
(Hurry, there is a only a limited supply)
Three years ago, we set up a memorial fund in
honor of Bunny Weiss. At this year's conference, the
Steering Committee discussed what we should do with and
about the fund. For one thing, it was languishing for lack
of an active campaign. For another, we had no plan for
using it. What we eventually proposed to WIG members
present at the business meeting of this year's conference
which they enthusiastically endorsed was threefold.
First, that we publicize it more actively,
primarily by including a check-off item on every dues and
conference registration fonn suggesting! requesting a $2
(or more) donation to the fund.
Secondly, that we broaden the scope of the fund,
calling it the WIG Memorial Fund. Future descriptions of
it will say that it started out as the Bunny Weiss fund, but
that we are now also using it to honor the memory of
other friends (like Marilyn Fries, whose death we mourn
this year).
Finally, that the money be used for an annual
prize of $500 for the best dissertation by a member of
WIG thus honoring our Nachwuchs, as is fitting. The first
prize will be offered at our 1997 meeting (in California!),
for a degree awarded in 1996. We will have a fonnal
ceremony, perhaps a certificate, and may incorporate the
dissertation into the program itself. Margaret Ward and I
(Marjorie Gelus) have been assigned the task of pulling
together a fonnal proposal on how to set the program up
and run it, and will get to work on it "soon."
We welcome suggestions, and especially
volunteer judges. Our email addresses are:
[email protected]
[email protected].
WIG T-Shirts
Dear Wiggies,
For the second year we produced a WIG T-shirt
and this time we take mail-orders! This is your chance to
get your shirt and support WIG. The T-shirt is white and
features "Flo the Wig-macot"flamingo. It is a design by
our own Susan Cocalis in colorful pink, purple and green.
=
The shirt costs: $ 12 + $ 1 postage $ 13.00
$ 10 + $ 1 postage $ 11.00 (for students)
=
Helga Kraft
University of Florida
Calls for Papers
Editor: Sieglind~ Lug
Email: [email protected]
See also calls for papers under "Infonnation from
the WIG-L list".
WIG Conference 1996
Thursday evening session
Coalitions and Collaborations: Building Power and
Resistance in Solidarity
In an era of attacks on progressive academic and
social programs and cut-backs in public funding we must
find ways to defend what we have achieved and to create
new possibilities for our work. Collaboration and
coalition-building among like-minded groups are
particularly important strategies in such a time. We invite
proposals for 20-minute presentations on theory, practice,
problems, and successes of collaboration and coalition
politics and experience both within and outside the
academy. We would like to explore coalition and
collaboration among feminist faculty, students and staff;
among feminist organizations of various disciplines;
among gay men, lesbians and other feminists; between
academic feminists and community women; between
women and men of color and white feminists, male and
female. This list is not meant to be exclusive, but to
suggest possibilities.
Please send one to two-page proposals to both
Karen Jankowsky and Joey Horsley by March 31.
Karen Jankowsky
Dept. of Gennan and Slavic Studies
Wayne State University
Detroit, MI 48202
Phone: 313/972-4149 (H)
Fax 313/577-3266
AND
Joey Horsley
Dept. of Modem Languages
University of Massachusetts-Boston
Boston, MA 02125-3393
617/524-7320 (H) 287-7583 (0)
Friday afternoon Concurrent Sessions
Please send one page abstracts to each of the session
organizers by March 1, 1996.
Martha Wallach
8 Casner Dr.
Berlin, CT 06037
Workshops
and
[email protected] for organizers (one or
more for each workshop topic)
In order to better meet the needs of various
members we are setting aside one session of the WIG
conference for workshops with no more than 25
participants each. These will not be lecture format. They
should allow participants "hands-on" experience.
Resources should be made available to each participant.
Topics which have already been suggested include:
teaching portfolios, technology, publishing, job market
including interviewing techniques, and collaborative
teaching. We are looking for 4-5 workshop organizers to
take these or suggest alternate topics. Please submit a
one-page abstract explaining in some detail how you plan
to organize the workshop. Submit one copy each (by mail
or e-mail) by March 1, 1996 to:
Helga Thorson
1007 29th Ave. SE (Apt. A)
Minneapolis, MN 55414
[email protected]
AND
Margaret Ward
221 Woodland Rd.
Newton, MA 02166
[email protected]
Saturday morning session
Memoirs and Memories
We would like papers analyzing women's
narratives that incorporate memoir material during major
historical events or periods of transition. We are
interested in both individual life stories and the
exploration of major events and periods through rehearsal
and reproduction in individual social memory.
To maintain the interdisciplinary impetus of the
'95 conference we would like to see interdisciplinary
approaches and some presentations by colleagues in other
fields on this panel. To assure that representation, we
have invited someone from the field of mass
communication (Karen A. Franz) to present a paper on
"Intersection of experience and cultural memory: as the
GDR is dissolving, East German women tell their stories
in DEFA documentaries." Additional submissions from
colleagues in other fields are invited. Time period open.
HesterBaer
German Dept
Washington University
St. Louis, MO 63130
GSA Oct. 1996 Seattle
Women and War: Perspectives, Experiences,
Representations
Representations of war are among the most
central themes in German literature and film throughout
time. Produced from the point of view of men in the
trenches fighting for the fatherland, these mostly
experiential war narratives reflect a predominantly male
perspective of war events. Recurring topoi such as male
comradeship, heroism and courage in the face of battle on
the one hand; and physical and psychological injuries,
personal and national loss on the other hand has shaped
this literary sub-genre.
How do women represent war experience? How
do women portray women?
Please send 1-2 page abstracts by February 1, 1996 to
both:
Friederike Emonds
Dept. of Foreign Languages
University of Toledo
Toledo, OH 43606
Phone: 4191530-7903 (W)
419/474-2296 (H)
[email protected]
AND
Erika Berroth
Dept. of Foreign Languages
Lewis and Clark College
Portland, OR 97219-7899
503n68-7430 (W)
503/977-3126 (H)
[email protected]
General Call for Papers
The German Studies Association will hold its
twentieth annual conference in Seattle, Washington, 10
October - 13 October 1996. The program committee
invites proposals on any aspect of German studies,
including history, Germamstik, political science,
sociology, phiiosophy, pedagogy, and the arts. Proposals
for entire sessions and for interdisciplinary presentations
are encouraged. The deadline for proposals is 25 February
1996-early submissions are welcome. For application
materials and information contact: Prof. Glenn R.
Cuomo, Division of Humanities, New College of USF,
5700 N. Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL 34243-2197 (phone
941-359-4262; fax 941-359-4298; internet:
[email protected]).
MLA 1996: 2 sessions
Gender and Nationhood in German-speaking
countries
We are looking for papers that explore the
intersection of constructions of national identity and
gender in various forms of cultural representation. Papers
examining the nexus of nationhood and gender in literary
texts, performances, theories, and policies in any of the
German-speaking countries are welcome. Please send onepage abstracts to each of the session organizers by
February 20, 1996.
Mariatte Denman
741 40th Avenue
San Francisco, Calif. 94124
Tel: 415/668-5325
Email: [email protected]
AND
Patricia Herminghouse
Dept. of Modern Languages and Cultures
University of Rochester
Rochester, NY 14627
Tel: 716/621-160
Fax: 716/273-1097
Email: [email protected]
Should we receive more proposals than we can
accommodate, the February 20 deadline will enable us to
put potential contributors in touch with one another in
time to submit independent proposals for additional
special sessions.
The Gender of Genius
This session will address the notion of (the)
genius and the ways in which it has operated as a model
for the artist and for artistic production. In particular, we
are interested in papers that explore the sociaVsymbolic
gendering of the genius. Some questions to consider:
What are the connections between "genius" and women's
creativity? How have women artists appropriated,
subverted, contested, managed the discourse of genius?
How has it informed their self-understanding as authors,
artists, intellectuals? We welcome proposals from all
disciplines and centuries.
Submit one-page abstracts or 8-10 page papers by March
1, 1996 to:
Liz Mittman
Dept. of Linguistics and Languages
Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI 48824-1027
517/355-5170
[email protected]
AND
Regine Schwarzmeier
P.O. Box 201-B
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN 37235GSA Oct. 96 Seattle, WIG
sponsored session:
615/421-6423
[email protected]
Collection of Essays on Laughter,
Humor, and Irony in German Women's
Texts, edited by Karen R. Achberger and
Silke von der Emde
We hear that feminists have no humor. We hear
that Germans have no humor. If two negatives make a
positive, what about German feminists? When was the
last time you chuckled or even laughed while reading or
teaching women's writing? Despite their reputation for
being overly serious, German feminist literature and films
contain more humor than is apparent at first glance.
According to Bakhtin, laughter is a means to overcome
fear in order to articulate an unofficial truth; it is a means
to subvert violence and authority. According to Freud, it
can be a means to express aggression. Some authors use
irony to reach pleasure in the confusion of boundaries; it
can be a strategy to deal with contradictions. Laughter,
humor, and irony can function as a rhetorical strategy and
a political method, as a means to reach distance, to
undermine the symbolic order, or even as a weapon.
Papers presented in this anthology can address the
topic from a variety of points of view, using different
theoretical approaches. We also welcome analyses oftexts
from all periods and genres as well as from different media
(e.g. literature, film, cabaret, dance, music, etc.).
Deadline: 500 word abstract by June 30, 1996; papers by
August 31, 1996
Send 500-word abstracts to:
Karen R. Achberger
Department of German
Saint Olaf College
Northfield, MN 55057
e-mail: [email protected]
AND
Silke von der Emde
Department of German, Box 269
Vassar College
Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
email: [email protected]
Twenty-second New Hampshire
Symposium
Between Confrontation and Understanding:
Bridges and Barriers to Communication in Eastern
Germany
June 19-26, 1996
World Fellowship Center
Conway, NH
The 1996 New Hampshire Symposium will
concern itself with communication and
miscommunication between East and West Germany and
within the East German population itself. Its approach
will be two-pronged: the investigation of both past and
present economic, political, social, and cultural factors
promoting or blocking communication; and the analysis
of contemporary German-German and East German
communication and breakdowns in communication.
The approach of the conference is multidisciplinary. Political scientists, sociologists, economists,
and other social scientists, as well as Germanists and
specialists in the arts and media are invited to participate.
Ideally, all topics will be dealt with from a variety of
points of view, including their representation in literature
and other art forms.
Papers are being solicited for two literature topics:
Literature and the Arts as Means of Communication and
as Examples of Miscommunication between East and
West
Margy Gerber (Institut fuer Anglistik, Akademiestr. 24,
A-5020 Salzburg)
Failures and successes of literature, theater, music, the
arts, and Alltagskultur as a means of communication in
the new states; analyses of cultural life in East Germany,
of the reception of artistic works in East and West, and of
conflicts within and between cultural organizations,
among other topics.
EastlWest Differences and Similarities as Themes in
Literature and the ArtsChristiane Zehl Romero (Dept. of German, Russian, and
Asian Languages, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155);
Nancy A. Lauckner (Dept. of Germanic & Slavic
Languages, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
37996)
The thematization of EastIWest differences and
similarities in literature and the arts. Interpretations and
analyses of individual works and bodies of work from
literature, film, theater, and art in terms specific to the
artistic form and its "communicative codes."
Papers may be given in either English or
German. They should not exceed 30 minutes. Detailed
proposals (title plus 1-2 pages) must be submitted to the
appropriate seminar organizers - one copy to each - by
December 15, 1995. Completed papers are due April 15,
1996. For more information on the program, contact
Margy Gerber (address above, FAX:01143662 8044-613,
e-mail: [email protected]).
For information about the Symposium location,
travel arrangements, and conference registration, contact
W. Christoph Schmauch, World Fellowship Center,
Conway, NH 03818. Tel: 603 356-5208, or FAX: 603356-5252.
Conference Reports
Editor: Helen Cafferty
Email: [email protected]
WIG Conference in Florida
October 19-22, 1995, St. Augustine
Coping wth the Backlash
(Coordinator, Anna Kuhn,
Univerisity of California, Davis)
Karen R. Achberger (St. Olaf College), "The More Things
Change, The More They Stay the Same: Women in the
Academy Then and Now"
Whether we can call what we are experiencing in
the 1990s a "backlash," of highly orchestrated actions to
take back the modest legal and economic gains we have
made as feminists in the 1970s and 1980s, or whether we
are experiencing the mere continued prevalence of those
same old patriarchal attitudes and behaviors that we came
of age with in the 1960s, the perception of women in
academe, which has kept us largely absent from leadership
positions, has not changed markedly over the past decades.
Beyond any actions we may take as an
organization, a few individual acts are also crucial for our
survival as women. Learning to say no to all the extra
little jobs we are asked to do; learning to stop being so
nice, especially when asked to make sacrifices; and
practicing active self promotion to help our colleagues
(and even some students) to notice our merit. In the
absence of a plan of action for transforming the academy, I
offer those three survival strategies for individual women
in the context of academic structures and curricula that are
still largely male-defined.
I offer also a consoling thought. Perhaps the
"backlash," which seems to be more vehement now than
ever before, is a positive sign, a sign that our message is
getting through.
Rick McCormick (University of Minnesota), "Guilt and
Privilege, Gender and the Job Market"
I began by problematizing the concept of "male
feminist," which always sounded to me like an attempt to
coopt feminism, and so I've been uneasy about labelling
myself as one--but not out of any ambivalence about
feminism. I hope that I have at least been a strong ally of
feminism, at any rate. (After the talk Jeannette Clausen
suggested to me that the problem with the tenn was
"male"--if feminists reject having to be labelled "female
scholars" or "female architects," preferring to be called
"scholars" or "architects," then one should insist on being
called a "feminist" w/o specifying gender--this sounds
good to me!). I talked about my personal background
(beyond gender) and personal influences that made me
receptive to feminism--especially from my mother, my
grandmother--and then talked about privilege. As a man
who teaches film and feminist film theory in a large and
supportive research dept., I was allowed to pursue research
in feminist topics and feminist theory, whereas many
women hired around the same time were forced to prove
themselves in more traditional specializations--and because
they were women the standard of proof was usually
higher. Beyond that I had the privilege of being hired at a
time--the mid-1980s--when for a brief period the job
market in Gennan (and the humanities in general) looked
better, in spite of a general downward trend that began in
the 1970s and has continued in the 1990s.
Of course feminist research tends to be valued
more now in the age of Gennan Studies--at least at the
larger universities (but there too budgets are under attack,
as elsewhere). And because of affinnative action, there are
more women being hired--but there is still no gender
equity in the top ranks of our profession. At the lower
ranks--among graduate students and in temporary, nontenure trackjobs--women are in the majority, but this has
less to do with affinnative action than the "feminization"
of a profession that is less able to offer tenure-track jobs.
Now, with a larger pool of candidates and ever-fewer
decent jobs, competition is very tough, regardless of
gender. Robert Holub in the MLA's journal Profession 94
mentions single positions with 500 applicants; in this
kind of ajob market, whatever help affinnative action can
give to women, it cannot help many of them.
That it is harder now for male graduate students
is true--but with the attempt to achieve some gender
equity in a field still dominated by men at the top ranks,
this is inevitable--only if the job market were expanding
would the (absolutely necessary) attempt to achieve gender
equity not disadvantage men (the traditionally privileged
group). But the job market is not expanding, it is
shrinking. Universities and research budgets are under
attack across the board right now--even research funding
for the hard sciences is under attack. Indeed, all public
funding is under attack (except for defense spending and
prison-building). Soon perhaps the entire public sector
may be privatized--how much more efficient just to do
away with democracy and let corporations rule unhindered!
(Please forgive the gallows humor.)
Ultimately we have to analyze our situation in
tenns of the broader political developments sweeping the
globe--there is a "backlash" against the liberal/social
democratic welfare state that is part of global restructuring
and "downsizing" in the industrialized nations. It presents
many dangers (if also perhaps some opportunities) for
feminism and all progressive causes.
Sara Lennox (University of Massachusetts, Amherst),
"The Anti-Feminist Feminist: Or How Women Have
Betrayed Women"
My paper begins from the premise that one of
the great strengths of the U.S. women's movement has
been its ability to hold two often incompatible positions
at the same time, on the one hand advocating that women
should get everything that men have in the world as it's
presently arranged, on the other hand, that the world be
entirely changed. I argue that recent assaults on feminism
by women who claim to be feminists themselves
(Christina Hoff Sommers in Who Stole Feminism?,
Noretta Koertge and Daphne Patai in Professing
Feminism represent an effort to separate those two
strands, declaring that only liberal feminism (what
Sommers calls "equity feminism") is real feminism while
denouncing the other, world-transforming strand (what
Sommers calls "gender feminism") as a position embraced
only by ideologues, commies, and hippies left over from
the sixties. That is anti-feminist feminists' link to a larger
conservative agenda. They want to discredit the only
radical movement still around that preserves a vision of
real social transfonnation and still has a political
constituency that might be mobilized to realize that
vision. Anti- feminist feminists direct their most vitriolic
attacks against two aspects of academic feminism: against
elements of feminist theory (often borrowed from or
shared with other radical paradigms) that make it possible
to recognize the oppression of women as a systemic,
structural feature of our society; and against its
prefigurative politics (a tenn I've borrowed from feminist
philosopher Ann Ferguson), its effort to advance concrete
alternatives to the present dominant order in the academy,
manifested in alternative practices of feminist scholarship
and teaching. I urge feminists to yield no ground to our
conservative critics and refuse to allow feminism to be
reconciled with the world that is. I end by attempting to
reclaim a positive meaning for the much-defamed tenn
"p.c.," which used to function as a moral yardstick against
which we measured our actual behavior, and by reminding
Wiggies that in Kein Ort. Nirgends, a book about utopias
and their loss, Christa Wolf cautioned us: "Wenn wir zu
hoffen authoren, kommt, was wir befiirchten, bestimmt."
explains why each side disparages the feminist
understanding of the other.
Joan Cocks, Politics (Mount Holyoke College)
DAAD Special Theory Session: Feminist German
Studies across the Disciplines:
Coordinator: Sara Lennox (University of Massachusetts,
Amherst) and Sara Friedrichsmeyer (University of
Cincinnati)
This session explored feminist methodologies
and contents in three disciplines, sociology, political
theory, and history. By focusing on how a sociologist,
political theorist, and historian treat topics in German
Studies, we hoped to help WIG members to understand
what scholars in these three fields actually do so that those
of us whose formal training was concentrated in literary
studies could expand our own methods to include the
approaches of other fields. The point of this session was
thus not admiring the provocative and virtuoso
performances of our three splendid speakers (though we
did!), but rather to help us understand how their methods
enabled them to raise the questions they addressed.
Myra Marx Ferree, Sociology (University of Connecticut)
Myra emphasized that the discipline of sociology
is interested in the character of social systems and state
structures, looking at society "structurally" (i.e.
emphasizing its persistent patterns) at the micro, meso,
and macro level. Feminist sociologists thus understand
gender as a structural category rather than an individual
trait; that is, it is the consequence of a social process that
is interactive, collective, and dynamic. She stressed that
sociologists frequently use comparative frameworks to
understand how hierarchies (like those of gender and race)
function, investigating how they operate to grant or deny
particular groups power and autonomy. To make this
abstract explanation of her field more concrete, Myra
turned to her own work on the "Wall remaining" between
East and West German women. Each group, she argued,
constructs collective self-representations that are
structurally induced, the consequence of different gender
regimes. The GDR, she maintained, was a public
patriarchy, diminishing women's dependency on individual
husbands and fathers but enhancing their dependency on
the state. GDR women thus conceived themselves to be
mothers and workers (and their resistance to the GDR
gender regime could take the form of failing to accede to
the state's expectations for them--quitting their jobs,
home-schooling their children). The FRG, however (as a
matter of state policy) encouraged private patriarchy,
characterized by "preserving the family" and by dependence
on fathers and husbands (Thus Western resistance took the
form of rejecting marriage and seeking jobs outside the
home). The grass wasn't greener on the other side of the
Grenze, Myra emphasized, but the different experiences of
Eastern and Western women with patriarchy now shapes
how they understand themselves and each other and
A central concern of political theory, Joan
underlined, is how to act with practical wisdom in the
world. To show us how feminist political theorists
address this question, she focused on their recent feminist
fascination with the writing of Hannah Arendt, whom
every political theoretical camp has claimed:
Habermasians, postmodernists, radical democrats, and
communitarians. Arendt's utility for a time when all
certainties except the certainty of the triumph of capital
have vanished is several-fold: 1) by emphasizing the
plurality as well as the association of persons as
conditions of the public sphere, she offers feminism a
way of appreciating and preserving the tension between
identity and difference as a political good; 2) by defining
freedom as the ability to begin something new, she
exposes the unfreedom of lives chained to the repetitive
toil required by biological life processes, and she
underlines the importance for human freedom of
participation in the public sphere; 3) she delineates two
kinds of processes that corrupt political freedom in the
modem age: the bourgeois pursuit of private wealth and
the ascription of fixed characteristics to individuals on the
basis of their membership in social groups. To illustrate
the way feminists can use these Arendtian ideas, Joan
focused Arendt in the company of Frantz Fanon and Rosa
Luxemburg to illuminate nationalism in politics. Joan
juxtaposes Arendt with Fanon specifically on the
question of legitimacy of violence in politics. Arendt
conceptualizes violence as anti-political because it
destroys speech, and as a calculative, strategic choice that
hence can be rationally decided against instead of for.
Fanon conceives of violence as anti-political when it is
used to prohibit whole peoples from participating in
public life, but as pre-political when those peoples
violently rise up to free themselves from servitude to their
masters, which is a necessary condition of their claiming
public agency for themselves. Fanon also sees the
violence of the slave in the colonial master/slave relation
as an expression of a rage that exerts somatic pressure on
the individual, rather than as a simple rational, strategic
choice. His final assessment of violence is more complex
than Arendt's: for Fanon, violence can emancipate selves
socially but also can shatter selves psychologically.
Next, Joan juxtaposes Arendt with Luxemburg to show
how the pursuit of national self-determination turns "antinational," inevitably degenerating into attempts to crush
other peoples who seek national self-determination for
themselves. Joan concludes that all three thinkers help us
to address the political paralysis of critical intellectuals-including feminist intellectuals--faced with ethnic conflict
today. As the national question has forced itself upon
feminists, we've discovered that a simple celebration of
heterogeneity and difference can make us incapable of
judging and acting for certain differences and against
others, and hence against national differences that
themselves oppose the value of heterogeneity. These
authors, not squeamish about fighting words and deeds,
show us another way out: they believe that certain
conditions are necessary for politics when politics is
understood in the Arendtian sense as a public life of
association and plurality, and that those conditions are
worth fighting for.
Atina Grossmann, History (Columbia University)
Historians, Atina reminded us, tell stories, and
she told us stories about what feminist historians of
Germany do. Younger German women historians often
focus on larger questions that are not specifically feminist
(the welfare state, race and nation, cultural shifts, popular
culture), though their approach to these questions is
informed by the historians' feminist perspective. In
Germany there has been a remarkable enthusiasm for
gender rather than women's history (e.g. masculine honor
and the duel, Prussian militarism), probably in response
to the unremittingly male nature of the discipline of
history in Germany. Many German women historians are
concentrating on the same questions as WIG members:
nationalism, German colonialism, race and racial politics,
post-45 culture (particularly as GDR archives opened up
after 1989), the gendered meaning of unification. Fifty
years after World War II ended, many German historians
are beginning to see Germany from a perspective that does
not merely emphasize its unique horrors, and comparative
treatments of Germany are focused on three areas: within
the continuity of Western European welfare states; within
the continuity of other authoritarian states; in comparison
to the US.
Many feminist historians of Germany have
fOCused on the relationship of gender, modernity, and
rationalization. "Rationalization" is now understood to
encompass three overlapping discourses; that of scientific
management ("efficiency"); of rationality versus
irrationality (which includes debates about whether
rationality always involves elements of coercion and
exclusion and what happens to those who are defined as
irrational); and social welfare policy, eugenics, and racial
hygiene. Only in debates around rationality has
postmodernism entered discussions in German women's
history, which in general has not taken the so-called
"linguistic tum." More historical work has focused on the
results of unification for women, on memory and
commemoration, on the Op!erffiiter dichotomy
(particularly re Claudia Koonz's book Mothers in the
Fatherland and Helke Sanders' film Befreier and Befreite).
Atina predicts future work will focus on comparative and
international aspects, on the gendered nature of nation,
race, imperialism, migration, resettlement, and German
suffering after World War II, all of which will require
much Sitzfleischian archival work as well as
deconstructive and critical literary skills which German
women historians have learned in part from us.
Discussion of Film Beruf Neo-Nazi
On Saturday evening, our three guests analyzed
Beru! Neo-Nazi, the film we had all seen the previous
evening. Their engaging presentations led to spirited
discussions between WIG members, between them and
WIG members, and even between the three of them.
Myra's presentation of her own reaction to the
film and her response to questions indicated that as a
sociologist she would deal with Beru! Neo-Nazi primarily
in terms of social movements, especially the trade-off
between formal organizations and charismatic leadership.
She would be interested in asking questions about the
particular political organization depicted in the film and its
relationship to individuals. For her the importance lay
more in the information the film maker suggested was
important (i.e., the funding of the organization and its
international ties, the role of the different types of leaders)
than in the film making as such (i.e., whether it was a
"good" film or a "documentary"). On being asked if she
would consider showing this film in one of her classes,
her answer was intentionally ambivalent: while there was
much in the film that she could use effectively, she would
not want her students to see the film without careful
preparation. The lack of information about Auschwitz and
Neo-Nazi crimes in the film itself would be a problem,
although some aspects--she mentioned the Christmas
thematic, for example--might be so distancing to
American students as to undercut any tendency to identify
with the racism expressed.
Atina began her part of the exchange with an
adamant rejection of the film both as a film per se and as a
teaching tool. She criticized its lack of "story" about the
movement or movements which the "bizarre" "media
darling" leader ostensibly led or participated in. Because of
its displacements from Canada to Yugoslavia to the USA
to Germany and to Poland, for example, she judged the
film too fragmented for the development of any cogent
ideas. Because of the bizarre psychology of the protagonist
and because the film is so obviously not the documentary
it was touted to be, it would not help her students develop
a clear position on the issues underlying any desire to
show it, issues such as whether or not there should be a
law against publicly denying Auschwitz. Although she
expressed a justified reluctance to speak for all historians,
she suggested that it would be in the film's production and
reception, in the drama surrounding its release, that
historians could find the "story." They would look for
answers to such questions as why Ignaz Bubitz decided to
go after this film, or why the story of one more "media
darling" Nazi who later denied party affiliations should get
so much press, or why most German states banned the
film.
Joan described her reactions to a film on NeoNazism by beginning with a paraphrase from Marx's
Eighteenth Brumaire: The first time as tragedy, the second
time farce. As a political theorist, however, she declared
the film definitely worthwhile for her classroom. Her
response to WIG members' puzzlement about why she
would show something she obviously thought badly done
helped to explain her disciplinary approach. Regardless of
its flaws, especially those having to do with the film's
aesthetics, she saw merit in the film because it could
provide a backdrop for posing questions such as what is a
good society? or, is the society depicted in the film a good
one? or, more pressing, how do we move from one to the
other? For her students, the film could also raise questions
about the relationship between nationalism and fascism.
Illustrating another disciplinary perspective, she said in
response to previous comments that the question of
whether or not the movie should be banned would shock a
political theorist, because the need to know what is going
on is primary, and the existence of a Neo-Nazi movement
in Germany cannot be denied.
Though our speakers were quite reluctant to
consider their responses to the film as representative of
their disciplines, to us their three quite different reactions
seemed exactly to typify their fields: Myra used a
framework drawn from Max Weber, the founder of modem
sociology, to talk about social structures and charisma
(and asked with astonishment if she was the only one in
the room for whom the film's title immediately recalled
Weber's essay "Politik als Beruf'); Atina, the historian,
looked for satisfying and coherent stories and was not
content with the story the film told; Joan looked for
general maxims explaining political behavior that could
be drawn from the film. In contrast to their responses, we
realized that our own, to a large degree focused on
questions of aesthetics and representation, had also very
much been shaped by the method in which we had been
trained as literary scholars.
These exchanges of ideas and disciplinary
perspectives continued until after 10:00, when some not
so subtle exchanges from those who had prepared the
evening's entertainment reminded us all that the longawaited Cabaret--an event with interdisciplinary,
multidisciplinary, and even cross-disciplinary appeal--was
about to begin!
Workshop in Feminist Pedagogy:Teaching
DiversitylDiversifying Teaching:
Coordinators: Brigitte Rossbacher (Washington
University), Dinah Dodds (Lewis & Clark College) Erika
Berroth (Lewis & Clark College), "Translating Cultures:
Dialogues about "Vergangenheitsbewaltigung" in East and
West Germany and the USA"
Literature, Culture, and History were the sites of
an intercultural exploration of how Germany's struggles
with memory could be understood, and perhaps
experienced, through translating them into American
contexts in the course of a senior seminar. Establishing a
dialogue between cultures about specific processes of
coming to terms with the past helped students grasp some
of the complexities of the issues at stake, allowing the
"strange" culture to become more immediate. Teaching
this seminar with a commitment to diversity was not only
reflected in the choices of a thematic focus and content,
but also in a revision of methodology. My contribution
explored some of the dangers and consequences of this
commitment in the context of the seminar.
1. Teaching Culture: A foreign language teacher often
comes to represent to students not a personal voice and
one specific cultural experience, but the Culture as such.
Students interpret culture as something static and fixed,
distrusting the teacher's assertions about the subjectivity
of her rendition of culture. This relates back to traditional
roles of teachers as the keepers and distributors of some
kind of Truth.
2. Teaching Bias Issues: Cognitively complex and
emotionally charged, teaching about bias issues is a
challenge at many personal levels. Surveys of teacher
attitudes show that situations where, e.g., sexism and
racism are addressed, are marked first and foremost by an
increase of fear.
3. Interdisciplinary Teaching: Acknowledging gaps in
knowledge and lack of training in the methods of the
"other" discipline can leave teachers and students
ambivalent about the outcomes of a course. Here the
institutional support of teaching diversity is at stake.
Faculty development has to go along with the recognition
that standardized student evaluations are unlikely to
provide an adequate measure of the success of a course in
which uncertainty is a desirable and valuable stage in a
long term process of coming to terms with issues of
personal and national identity, history, and attitudes
toward culture.
Friederike Emonds (University of Toledo) "Dangers in
Diversity? Conflating Drugs, Turks, Detectives and
Prostitutes in Foreign Language Teaching"
My presentation was of a rather practical nature
based on my experience with a German composition
course using Jakob Arjouni's novel Happy Birthday,
Turkel. To elucidate the problems my students and I
grappled with while reading the novel, I designed a scheme
that illuminated the various aspects of multicultural
diversity in foreign language teaching: 1. "Diversifying
Teaching" promotes a thorough revision of the canon to
include works by diverse populations as well as women.
2. "Teaching Diversity" sets forth the inclusion of
multiple cultural expressions and perspectives in
representations of contemporary Germany. 3. "Diverse
Background of our Students" reminds us to consider the
diverse cultural, ethnic, racial, religious and economic
background of the students. 4. "The University Setting":
the university as a (public) institution in which
instructors are limited in their teaching practices by
dominant moral values and social expectations.
Initial problems I encountered when discussing
the novel with my students were mostly in the area of
Teaching Diversity, and stemmed from students' lack of
comprehension of the text's hidden meanings and double
entendres of its allusions, particularly in gender and ethnic
stereotyping. I tried to bridge this cultural gap by pointing
out similarities between this novel and US novels written
in the same tradition, for example by Raymond Chandler.
This approach, however, widened the gap because students
could not relate to my reference to an out-dated kind of
popular culture. But by emphasizing cultural differences
and by constantly comparing and contrasting gender and
ethnic cliches in truly contemporary US popular culture
(e.g. the film Pulp Fiction) and advertisements with those
that are constructed and perpetuated in Happy Birthday,
Turkel, students suddenly were able to identify and
understand the meaning behind these gender and ethnic
cliches in German. As a result, I had to add to the
diversity scheme a fifth dimension, namely the diverse
background of the instructors and their own positioning in
the foreign language classroom.
Barbara Fischer (Concordia College) "Teaching DiversityDismantling Patterns of Prejudice"
My presentation demonstrated how the Institute
of German Studies, Concordia College, has restructured its
curriculum and program by addressing issues of diversity
within German culture. The talk was divided into three
sections. First, I introduced the general structure of this
unique, year-long, college-level immersion program,
where ca. 30-40- students receive their major in German
Studies annually. In the second part, I reported on the
various activities in regard to teaching diversity during the
academic year 1994/95. I addressed strategies my
colleagues and I employed to widen the curriculum in
order to represent more adequately the rapidly changing
German cultural scene and to enlarge students' perspectives
of the interrelationship between nationalism, racism and
sexism. Since the confrontation with German literature
written by authors of other mother languages is highly
motivating to American students, a workshop with and
reading by Franco Biondi were part of the year-long
project as well. In the third section of my talk, I shared
my experiences with a Holocaust course which mediates
to students structures of inclusion and exclusion. While
the Holocaust is of central historical significance to the
readings, only a small part of the course concentrates on
representations of the systematic extermination of Jews in
Nazi death camps. The major part of the course examines
a number of literary and filmic representations of Jews,
with a special focus on the Jewish woman. By focusing
on distinct modes of representations of "the Jew" as
"menacing other," complicitous bourgeois or, as is most
often the case, as excluded and persecuted victim, the
course draws parallels to other minority groups within
today's Germany. Applying their findings on historical
exclusion, oppression, and extermination, students
ultimately work toward analyzing common patterns of
prejudice in majority-minority settings within today's
culture(s).
Crossing Boundaries:Feminist Studies-Cultural
Studies:
Coordinators: Jeanine Blackwell (University of Kentucky)
and Shanta Rao (University of Massachusetts Liz
Mittman, "Problems in Cross-Cultural Interpretation:
Western Feminism and East German Women"
In my presentation I sketched out what I regard as
some critical theoretical issues facing those of us who
work on GDR womenCs literature). I argued for a critical
discussion of the methods and motivations we bring to
this work, and expressed my concern with the tendency to
homogenize East German women. I then discussed my
summer's work in Germany, where I was gathering
materials for a book on the construction of gender and
cultural identity in the GDR. In particular, I discussed the
problems I encountered while interviewing East German
women: 1) disciplinary/methodological questions that
present themselves to us as literary scholars when we
engage extra-literary sources (what is the status of the
interview as text? as document?) 2) politicaUmoraUethical
concerns about doing research on people who are coded as
'unequal others' (as East Germans are in the public
discourse of unified Germany). On both levels, questions
of "authenticity" and "identity" surface repeatedly; they
provided the 'red thread' for my reflections on the
interviews themselves.
Stefanie Ohnesorg (University of Tennesee) "Zwischen
Selbstfindung und Anpassung .... oder von den
Schwierigkeiten, Orient-Reiseberichte von Frauen neu zu
lesen"
Women's travel throughout modern history,
along with their travel- writing, can be well integrated
into and understood against the background of general
developments in social history. In contrast to women of
the late 18th and early 19th centuries, women in earlier
epochs had more freedom to travel. With the polarization
of gender roles in the last third of the 18th century,
however, they were declared 'unfit for travel' and confined
to their homes. Therefore, travel writing of the late 18th
and early 19th centuries has to be regarded as a search for a
new voice, and these texts mirror many different and
uncoordinated strategies in the attempt to establish a new
tradition of women's travel writing. Within this corpus,
accounts depicting journeys to the Orient constitute a very
distinct group. They, at least in part, have to be perceived
as conscious attempts to compensate for and to undermine
stereotypes linked both to women within European
society and to the 'culturally other' woman.
In their travelogues, Anna Forneris, Ida Pfeiffer
and Ida von Hahn- Hahn pay very special attention to the
description of the 'Oriental woman.' Similar strategies to
present her to a Western audience can be identified within
these texts: These authors were well aware that traveling
to the Orient opened up the opportunity to access spaces,
in particular the harem, that were the focus of male
projections and sexual fantasies but that these spaces, at
the same time, were inaccessible to Western men. Thus,
they found themselves in a unique situation: having
experienced the restrictions placed upon women within a
highly patriarchal society at home that denied them any
authority, they, with regard to the 'female sphere' in the
Orient, could speak: to Western men with authority and
tell them that their object of desire would by no means
meet their expectations. They thus enforced the belief in
racial polarities, and interestingly enough, they did this
primarily at the expense of the 'culturally other' woman.
WIG Cabaret
The cabaret got off to a bumpy start this year as
chanteuse Katrilene Siegtrich of Potsdam, resplendent in
her long, golden locks, black evening dress, and iridescent
clothespins, began singing and the unruly crowd began to
chant toos: "Hey, hey, go away/ We don't want that
cabaret!" so that she was forced to vacate the stage. Then
the "real muse" of the cabaret, Grenzpurga Orientalis,
danced across borders only to be rudely shocked by our
"learned traveler" Ida von Cockcocks-not to be confused
with Joan Cocks, who was our invited political
scientist!-, in search of the East.
Ida: Lauf nicht vor mir davon,
ich fiirchte mich nicht vor
Wilden.
Der Indianer: Aber
ich!
aus Wiener Telegraf. Wien 7 (1885-15.9); Nr. 215
Thus evoked, Nina Tittenberg and her colleague
Susan Stamburp (0 that cranberry sauce!) hosted a special
report on "Feminism on Our College Campuses." In
particular, they explored how the new Republican
Congress and Neuter Gingrich's Contract on America
might affect feminism on the college campus, especially
among impoverished constituencies like female graduate
students and underpaid part-timers. It was determined that
female academics should avoid pregnancy at all costs but
never by means of abortion. Enforced celibacy and a
return to single-sex dormitory living along the model of
medieval convents was the preferred solution. After this
brief introduction, we turned to two types of programs on
college campuses.
The first on-campus report featured the Women's
Studies Program at a small, illiberal arts college in the
northeast, the Ivy Hahn-Hahn Ladies' College. There
Professors Susanne Zack-Zack, Luise Kuschelpusch, and
ada Joy were holding a close meeting to review their
coarse offerings for the spring semester and to couch their
descriptions in as p.c. language as possible. So far, so
good, but then an exchange student wearing the traditional
veil of her native culture entered to inquire about several
Home Economics courses and while the solicitous faculty
members were engaged in some hands-on counseling, a
well-endowed alum, Mrs. Hortensia Hermione Artemesia
Bustenhalter arrived with a huge check. Unfortunately for
feminism on the college campus, the now de-veiled
student prevailed upon Mrs. Bustenhalter to rescue her, so
that instead of endowing the program, she presented the
student with the first, spontaneous Bustenhalter
Undergraduate Student 'Tipend or B.U.S.T. Award.
The second on-campus report turned to the
Germanics Department at a large, state institution,
Whatsamatter U. The Head of the department, Herr
Werner von Stuhlmann was meeting with several faculty
members (Professors Cannon, Oltbeuys, and Wieswar) to
discuss what to do with their female graduate students,
who all wanted to work on feminist topics. Two such
students, whom none of the older faculty had ever seen
before, were confronted about their dissertation topics. It
was decided that one, who wished to write on vulvos-or
some such thing-would be assigned to the Swedish
faculty and that the other would become the research
assistant for the Goethe specialist, who would convert her
to real literature.
The cabaret closed with a panel discussion on
The Feminist Backlash featuring recognized experts on the
topic. Mrs. Phyllis Shapely joined us from the middest
of the midwestern middle class to speak on traditional
family values. Professor Thomas von Klarenz, author of
the best-selling memoir, Confessions of a Male AntiFeminist in the Academy, informed us about life after the
Anita Htigelchen hearings. Professor Sigrid Verweigel,
the famous German feminist, provided some insights from
her most recent work Der schielende Fick: Geschlecht und
Charaktereigenschaften in der deutschen Literatur.
Professor Camille Faglia, author of Postmodem Sexual
Posturing, Sex and the Single Professor, and Old
Leatherstocking in a New Light, shared her views on
positionality. And Professor Cornelia Doff-Sommer,
author of the best-seller Post-AnTi-Feminism, joined the
panel after some last-minute negotiations with her agent.
Professor Benna ~elavieb canceled on short notice so that
we were unfortunately not able to hear more about her
recent book Arendt-Controlled Room of Her Own. All
things considered, we profited immensely from the
interdisciplinary insights of our panel.
Susan L. Cocalis
Univ. of Mass. at Amherst
WIG Special Sesssion - Potsdam
Personliche Eindrucke auf der Wig-Special
Session yom 28. Juni- 01. Juli 1995 in
Berl in/Potsdam
Die auf der WIG-Konferenz 1994 in St.
Augustine als Idee geauBerte WIG-Special Session wurde
also in die Tat umgesetzt, und vom 28. Juni bis 1. Juli
1995 trafen sich gut hundert Feminstinnen, iiberwiegend
aus Deutschland und den USA, aber manche waren auch
aus England und Norwegen angereist, im SchloB Petzow
bei Potsdam.
Doch bevor es so weit war, sich einer moglichen
Antwort auf diese Frage in Form einer Diskussion
zwischen Moderatorinnen und Publikum zu niihem,
zeigten zunachst einmal die Lesungen von Gerlind
Reinshagen und Kerstin Hensel (Jg. 1961 und somit
eindeutig eine Vertreterin der jiingeren Generation auf der
Tagung) sowie die erste Gesprachsrunde Literatur an der
Wende, daB von einem Konsens dariiber, was
Feminismus sowohl personlich als auch fUr die Arbeit der
Autorinnen bedeutet, nicht ausgegangen werden kann.
Moglicherweise kann einer der Griinde hierfiir in einem
Generationsunterschied gefunden werden? Moglicherweise,
das deutete sich an, spielen auch unterschiedliche
Erfahrungen in Westdeutschland und der ehemaligen DDR
mit Politik und Medien eine Rolle. Kerstin Hensel, die u.
a. aus ihrer 1994 erschienenen Erzahlung Tanz am Kanal
vortrug, driickte in einer daran ankniipfenden Diskussion
ihre grundsatzliche Skepsis gegeniiber jeglichen "-ismen"
aus, auch gegeniiber dem Feminismus. Deutlich wurde
dabei allerdings auch eine gewisse Unkenntnis resp.
Klischee- Wahmehmung des west-(deutschen)
Feminismus.
Es wurden Tage mit einem dichten Programm,
gemischt aus Lesungen, Diskussionen, aber auch Zeit fUr
vergniigliche Dinge wie einen gemeinsamen
DampferausfIug und das friihmorgendliche oder abendliche
Baden im nahegelegenen See.
Das Thema lautete:"Korrespondenzen und
DifJerenzen". Feministische Forschung in Amerika und
der BRD. Die Tagung eroffnete am Mittwochabend
Brigitte Burmeister (seit 1991 Mitglied des P.E.N. (Ost)
mit einer Lesung, am letzten Abend gab die freischaffende
SangerinIMusikerin und Autorin Ingrid Protze mit ihren
Lieder den Frauen weitere Steine zu einer Art Skizze oder
"Zwischenbilanz" der Frauenbewegung. Ein Mosaik laBt
sich zusammensetzen, zu dem die eingeladenen Autorinnen
ebenso wie die beiden Gesprachsrunden I und II sowie die
auBerordentlich beeindruckenden Dokumentarfilme Winter
ade und Wer hat Angst vorm schwarzen Mann der
Filmemacherin Helke Misselwitz beitrugen.
Zu diesem Mosaik gehorte Christa Wolfs Lesung
aus einem unverOffentlichten Manuskript. Die IchErziihlerin nimrnt, ausgehend von der Erfahrung einer
Operation bei ortlicher Betaubung, eine Art Priifung vor.
Ais eine Art Leitmotiv zieht sich durch den Text eine
Metapher: im Stein, und zu diesem im Stein wird eine
ganze Kette von Assoziationen entworfen, in denen die
Zivilisationsgeschichte aufscheint und Schichten der alten
Dberlieferung abgehoben werden, ein V organg des Priifens
von Geschichte ablauft.
Dazu waren wir ja zusammengekommen: zu
priifen. So lautete die Frage der zweiten Gesprachsrunde:
F eminismus am Ende?
photo of Christa Wolf by Sandra Singer
Die am Nachmittag folgende Gesprachsrunde
Literatur an der Wende hatte diese offenbare "Differenz"
aufnehmen und weiterdiskutieren konnen. Aber das
einleitende Referat dachte bei "Wende" nicht an die Wende
im Sinne einer deutschen politischen noch im Sinne einer
"Feminismus"-Wende, sondem gab als Stichwort die
"Jahrtausendwende" und fragte nach den
Wirkungsmoglichkeiten von Literatur unter
gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen, deren Tendenz mit
"Technologisierung", "Kommerzialisierung" und
"Globalisierung" zu beschreiben versucht wurde. ( Es hat
in der ZEIT yom 6. Oktober Willi Winkler ein sehr
informatives Dossier zum aktuellen Literaturbetrieb unter
dem Titel "Die Entdeckung der Schnelligkeit"
veroffentlicht. )
Dankenswerterweise enthielten sich die
Autorinnen globaler Antworten und das Publikum erfuhr,
von Christa Wolf, daB fUr sie Literatur bedeute, sich durch
Schreiben besser kennen zu lernen, hinter ihrem Schreiben
stiinde immer ein Konflikt, sie schreibe gegen etwas an,
Literatur sei eine Art, in der Welt zu sein. Fiir Brigitte
Burmeister ist Literatur Lebenshilfe. Gerlind Reinshagen,
die Schriftstellerin unter den teilnehmenden Autorinnen,
deren biographischer Hintergrund nicht die ehemalige
DDR sondern Westdeutschland ist, geht es darum, das
"Staunen nicht zu vergessen", wie auch an ihrer Lesung
deutlich wurde. Dabei sind fUr sie zuerst die Figuren da
und dann folgt die Konstruktion.
In der Podiumsdiskussion wurden auf der Basis
personlicher Erfahrungen der Autorinnen ansatzweise
Probleme von Markt und Kommerzialisierung
thematisiert. Dabei zeichnete sich nicht eine einfache
Gegeniiberstellung Ost vs West-Erfahrung ab, sondern
Brigitte Burmeister hob positiv das differenzierte System
der Forderungen im vereinigten Deutschland hervor,
wahrend Christa Wolf die Meinung vertrat, daB der Druck
auf die Schriftsteller durch das westdeutsche Feuilleton
viel stiirker sei als zu Zeiten der DDR fiir die
"Staatsschriftsteller". (Vermutlich ist dieses Urteil nicht
zu trennen von ihren negativen Erfahrungen wahrend des
sogenannten "deutsch-deutschen Literaturstreits".) Nicht
iiberraschend, daB dies eine Diskussion ausloste.
Soweit die Schriftstellerinnen, die
"Produzentinnen" von Literatur; und mein Eindruck:
langsam nahmen "Differenzen" Konturen an, Differenzen
zwischen "Ost" und "West", Differenzen zwischen den
Generationen, Differenzen einfach aufgrund
unterschiedlicher personlicher Erfahrungen; und das kann
ja nur diskussionsanregend sein, sozusagen Teil einer
"Streitkultur" im Lessingschen aufkliirerischen Sinn oder?
Auf der Ebene der Rezipientinnen von Literatur,
hier vor allem denjenigen, die dafiir angestellt sind,
Literatur zu lesen, zu analysieren und weiterzuvermitteln,
diente im wesentlichen die Gesprachsrunde II Feminismus
am Ende? Jenseits der Geschlechterdifferenz
(amerikanische und deutsche Diskurse) zu einem
Meinungsaustausch.
Das einleitende Podiumsreferat trug vor aHem
Thesen von Judith Butler vor und verkniipfte diese mit der
Diskussion, die im Hamburger Forum Frauen in der
Literaturwissenschajt gefUhrt worden ist. Ins Zentrum
riickte der Subjektbegriff und die Frage nach den
praktischen Konsequenzen. Wenn das Subjekt mit Butler
nur als Effekt des Diskurses verstanden wird, wie steht es
dann mit der politischen Handlungsfahigkeit? Einige
amerikanische Diskussionsbeitrage dienten der Klarung
des mit diesen Fragen angesprochenen komplizierten
Zusammenhangs von Theorie und (politischer) Praxis. So
wurde daran erinnert, daB auch Butlers Theorie aus der
Praxis entwickelt wurde. Aus den alltaglichen praktischen
Erfahrungen der Rassendiskriminierung, die schwarze
Frauen in die feministische Diskussion einbrachten, zog
die Theorie u. a. die Konsequenz, daB Geschlecht allein
weder ein hinreichendes Merkmal fUr weibliche Subjekte
noch eine ausreichende analytische Kategorie sei, sondem
daB Klasse und Rasse in die Kategorien aufgenommen
werden mussen. Oder, urn R. E. Joeres zu zitieren:"What
you mean we, white girl?"
In der Diskussion machten die Amerikanerinnen
noch einmal deutlich, daB Methoden von Dekonstruktion
und Postmodeme zu einer qualitativen Verbesserung auch
der feministischen Theoriebildung beigetragen haben.
Unterschieden werden mussen davon Fragen, die auf Praxis
zielen und Forderungen stellen. Urn eine solche
Strategiedebatte erfolgreich fuhren und Forderungen stellen
zu konnen, betonten sie, musse der eigene Standpunkt
bestimmt werden konnen. Hierzu habe die differenzertere
Theoriebildung beigetragen. So ist heute die Rede von
"relationaler Positionalitat" als einer Art Schnittpunkt
zwischen mehreren Merkmalen wie Klasse, Geschlecht,
Rasse, Regionalitat und Nationalitat.
Die weitere Diskussion fUhrte von dieser
theoretischen Ebene zu einer praktischen: der
Zwischenbilanz momentaner gesellschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen fUr feministische Politik in Deutschland.
Deutlich wurden Unterschiede in puncto "backlash": so
kennzeichnen die deutsche Situation systematischen
Kurzungen der Finanzen, mangelnde Hausmacht der
Frauenbeauftragten und ein vor allem in den Feuilletons
sichtbar werdendes konservatives kulturpolitisches Klima.
Als ein Beispiel wurde die Ehrung Ernst Jiingers genannt,
die zur Aufwertung des soldatischen Mannes beitragt und
in deren Fahrwasser Nationalvorstellungen rehabilitiert
werden. ( hierzu kann frau auch den Spiegel- Artikel
12/1995 unter dem Titel "Ein zackiger Flaneur"
vergleichen)
Diese rechtskonservative deutsche Tendenz, darauf
bestanden die Amerikanerinnen, unterscheidet sich von
"backlash"-Tendenzen in den USA. Sie wiesen daraufhin,
daB Camilla Paglia eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt.
Feminismus in den USA meint nicht die
Theorieproduktion einer singuliiren Autorin wie Judith
Butler ( daB ein solcher Eindruck in Deutschland entstehen
kann geht moglicherweise auf eine recht zufallige
Dbersetzungspolitik deutscher Verlage zuriick), sondern ihr
Buch gehort in einen umfassenden Diskussionskontext in
den USA gehort, zu dem viele andere Autorinnen wie
Donna Haraway, Teresa de Laureti~ oder Seyla Benhabib
wesentliche Beitrage leisten.
1st 'der' Feminismus politischer geworden oder
dominiert der 'backlash'? Eher praktisch-politische
Differenzen zwischen Amerika und Deutschland, aber
theoretische Korrespondenzen?
Keine endgtiltigen Antworten auf diese Fragen.
Aber als ein Indiz daftir, daB im Wissenschaftshetrieb
feministische Fragestellungen nicht am Ende sind, konnen
die Projektvorstellungen laufender Forschungsprojekte
gelten. (Die abstracts sind bei den
Tagungsveranstalterinnen erhaltlich.)
Wie die Session selbst, so zeigen auch viele
Forschungsprojekte, daB die aktuellen amerikanischen
feministischen Diskurse in die deutschen Universitaten
Einzug gehalten haben.
Kerstin Hensel, die jtingste der Autorinnen (Jg.
1961), las zwei Texte. Zunachst eine kurze Erzlihlung von
1992, in der das Marchen yom nackten Kaiser
aufgenommen und die Verfolgung derer, die die Wahrheit
aussprechen, grotesk-schaurig auf die Spitze und letzlich
zur Selbstzerstorung des Mechanismus getrieben wird. Es
folgten einleitende Passagen der groBen Erzlihlung "Tanz
am Kanal" (1994), ein Text, dessen Rahmenhandlung
denkbar aktuell, zeitlich vorgreifend im
"Jahrhundertsommer 1994" angesiedelt worden war. Der
gelesene Text, die Anfange einer verzwickten
Madchenbiographie in der DDR, provozierte oft Lachen.
Die heiden so grundverschiedenen "Handschriften" und
Temperamente regten der alteren und der jtingeren Autorin
den literaturwissenschaftlichen Appetit vieler Wiggs an.
Eva Kaufmann
Berlin
Gesprachsrunde I: Literatur an der Wende,
Donnerstag, den 29. Juni 1995
Helgard Mahrdt
Universitat TromS9.\/Norwegen
SchloB Petzow
Lesung: Brigitte Burmeister
Zur Eroffnung des Tagungsprogramms las
Brigitte Burmeister (Jg. 1940) aus ihrem 1994 erschienen
Roman "Unter dem Namen Norma." Sie hatte eine Reihe
von Passagen ausgewlihlt, die auch denjenigen, die den
Text nicht kannten, erlaubten, sich von der zentralen Story
und den Hauptfiguren, von Problemstellungen und
Erzahlweise ein erstes Bild zu machen. Der Plot ist
zeitsymptomatisch. Ein seit vielen Jahren
zusammenlebendes Paar trennt sich, und zwar im Sommer
1992. Das hat viel mit der "Wende" zu tun. Er siedelt
danach in die Rhein-Ehene urn und begrondet dort eine
neue glanzende Existenz. Sie aber bleibt in Ostberlin.
Urn den geheimen Beweggrund daftir dreht sich alles in
diesem Text. Von der widerspruchsvollen deutschdeutschen Ost-West-Konstellation wird auBerordentlich
differenziert erzlihlt - mit Neugier und Ironie, mit
historischem Blick und ohne Rechthaberei.
Schwerpunkt dieser Diskussion sollte nicht so sehr die
spezifische Problematik der deutschen Literatur in der
historischen Zeit nach 1989 sein, sondern eine breitere
Betrachtung der moglichen Bedeutungen, die angesichts der
heranrtickenden Jahrhundertwende oder gar
Jahrtausendwende ans Licht rocken. Die Jahreszahl 2000
verleiht ein gewisses Endzeitgeflihl und ladt zum
Bilanzziehen ein, tiber die Technologisierung,
Medialisierung, Globalisierung und Kommerzialisierung
der Kultur in den entwickelten postindustriellen Landern.
Dabei ist zu hinterfragen, ob die Wirkungsmoglichkeit der
Literatur vielleicht abnimmt, in dem sie nun nur noch ein
Medium ist unter einer Vielfalt, worunter die neueren
visuell und akustisch orientierten Formen (Film,
Fernsehen, Video, Popmusik) ein breiteres Publikum zu
erreichen scheinen. Den anwesenden Autorinnen (Brigitte
Burmeister, Kerstin Hensel, Gerlind Reinshagen, Christa
Wolf) wurde die Frage gestellt, ob sie den Eindruck hatten,
daB die Medienvielfalt ihre eigene literarische Produktion
bedrohe oder auf ihre Bevorzugung bestimmter literarischer
Formen eine entscheidende Rolle austibe. Dabei schien es
eine allseitige Zustimmung zu geben, daB die Vorliebe flir
eine bestimmte Form oder ein bestimmtes Genre nicht
von ausseren Marktbedingungen sondern von dem Inhalt
des Textes und seine Absichten abhange. Als manche
Gesprachsteilnehmerinnen diese (idealisierte) Vorstellung
von der Autonomie der Kunst und des Ktinstlers in Frage
stell ten, wurde ein llingerer Exkurs tiber die Freiheit des
Schriftstellers in der DDR geflihrt, wobei aile Autorinnen
behaupteten, Vermarktungsstrategien und die
Kommerzialisierung der Literatur spiele bei der
Veroffentlichung ihrer Werke keine entscheidende Rolle.
Es wurde im Laufe der Diskussion klar, daB es unter
sowohl den aus dem Ausland angereisten Germanistinnen,
die sich tiber die aktuelle Lage der Literatur im vereinigten
Deutschland weiter informieren wollten, und auch unter
den deutschen Wissenschaftlerinnen aus neuen und alten
Bundeslandern, die sich mit verschiedenen
allgegenwfutigen intra-nationalen Spannungen tiiglich
auseinandersetzen mussen, doch ein uberwiegendes
Bedurfnis gab, sich mit eben der Wende zu befassen, die
runf Jahre zuriicldag und nieht runf Jahre voraus.
Angelika Fenner
University of Minnesota
Plenumsdiskussion zur Frage "Feminismus am
Ende? Jenseits der Geschlechterdifferenz deutsche und amerikanische Diskurse"
An Deutschland ist die Provokation, die mit Judith Butlers
Verschiebungen der sex-gender Dichotomie verbunden ist,
nicht spurlos voruebergegangen. Seither ist der
unvermittelte Zugriff auf die biologische Realitaet sowie
auf die historische und kulturelle Codierung der
Geschlechtsidentitaet infrage gestellt. Denn nach Butler
ist die binaere Einteilung nach Geschlechtern als ein
Produkt von Diskursen und nicht als adaequate
Repraesentanz einer diesen Diskursen vorgaengigen
Realitaet zu verstehen. Mit der kritischen Revision des
Konzepts der Identitaet werden essentialistische und
biologistische Auffassungen des Koerpers und seiner
Verankerung in einer heterosexuellen Norm
zurueckgewiesen, womit der Koerper als Garant
weiblicher Identitaet verschwindet. Kritikerinnen der
dekonstruktiven Infragestellung grundlegender Kategorien
unseres Denkens sehen die Gefahr "zynischer
Entkoerperung" bzw., in Bezug auf Butler, eine durch
"Verkoerperung entkoerperte Frau" (Duden).
Ausserdem ist die Frage gestellt worden, ob
(nicht zuletzt: politische) Handlungsmoeglichkeiten im
Rahmen einer radikal identitaetskritischen Theorie
noch denkbar sind. Hat der Feminismus mit seiner
Wendung zum Poststrukturalismus, wie Benhabib
formuliert, "das weibliche Subjekt verloren" und so
"seine eigene Moeglichkeit beinahe ausgeloescht"? Zu
diskutieren waere, obI wie sich Formen von
Subjektivitaet so bestimmen lassen, dass einerseits
die Konstruiertheit, Heterogenitaet und Bruechigkeit
von Identitaeten beruecksichtigt, andererseits weiterhin
Widerstandsmoeglichkeiten konzipiert werden koennen
(vgl. Maihofer). Lassen sich Konzepte relativ
instabiler, moeglicherweise "fluessiger" oder
"nomadischer" (Braidotti) Identitaeten entwickeln, die aber
punktuell - zu politischen Zwecken - verfestigt werden
koennten?
In der Diskussion wurde zunaechst kontrovers
ueber die unterschiedlichen politischen Implikationen
des Begriffs "Postfeminismus" in den USA und
Deutschland gesprochen. Bald wurde jedoch deutlich, dass
- nicht nur in dieser Hinsicht - die Entgegensetzung
von deutschen und amerikanischen Diskursen die
Heterogenitaet der tatsaechlich vorhandenen Positionen
nieht abbildet. Auch der haeufig polar formulierte OstWest-Gegensatz erwies sich als eine Konstruktion, hinter
der sich vielfaeltige Differenzen verbergen.
Claudia Breger, Humboldt Universitaet
Dorothea Dornhof, Humboldt Universitaet
Dagmar von Hoff, Universitaet Hamburg
FrauenIFilmIMedien
Helke Misselwitz: Dokumentarfilm
The last session of the WIG conference provided
an opportunity to screen some films and talk with the
documentary film maker Helke Misselwitz. Born in 1947
in Zwiekau (GDR), she worked for the GDR state
television during the seventies in various technical and
assisting capacities. She was one of only two women
students in the entering class of the Filmhochschule in
Babelsberg in 1978, where she completed her directing
degree in 1982. Since then Misselwitz has been a
freelance film maker, winner of inter- national prizes, and
a member of the Berlin Academy of Arts.
The Saturday morning session began with an
early short film, "Aktfotografie: z.B. Gundula Schulze"
(1983, 10 minutes), that thematizes nude photography and
the efforts of a woman photog rap her to rethink the
tradition of female nudes. In the following discussion
Misselwitz explained the traditional views of female nude
photography in the GDR and why she found Schulze's
photography important as a way of contrasting the ideal
female body with the reality of working women's lives.
Questions were raised about the contradiction between
Schulze's intellectualized convictions and the actual nude
photographs she displays in the film. In response to
questions about her own use of female nudity, Misselwitz
discussed and then showed the "Christine" episode from
her feature-length documentary of interviews with women
from the GDR, Winter Ade , in whieh Christine and
several other women are shown showering after their work
shift. Finally, the 53-minute documentary about the
female manager of a coal briquet company in East Berlin,
Wer fiirchtet sich vorm schwarzen Mann (1989), provided
a good example of Misselwitz's quiet style and suggestive
images that are mixed with humor and ironic commentary.
[In the USA Winter ade is available
commercially from Zeitgeist Film in NYC and
Misselwitz's fiction film Herzsprung (1992) is available
from the Goethe Institute through West Glen Films.]
Marc Silberman
University of Wisconsin. Madison
AATG and IDV Conference at Stanford
(August 4·8, 1995, Stanford University)
The first joint conference of the American
Association of Teachers of German with the
Internationaler Deutschlehrerverband met from August 4
to 8. 1995 at Stanford University, Stanford. California.
There were over 400 participants from the United States,
Canada, Middle and South America, as well as from
Germany and other European countries. The themes of
the AATG were "Texts and Contexts -- German Literature
in its Cultural Setting" and "Working Together as a
Profession," and for the IDV "Deutsche Sprache und
Kultur auf dem amerikanischen Kontinent: Vergangenheit-Gegenwart--Zukunft."
26 Wiggies participated in the conference, either
as presenters or members of a panel. A list of
presentations appears below:
Joan Reutershan: "Das Praktikum in der
Methodikausbildung von Germanistlnnen an New York
University."
Karen Achberger: "Beethoven without Pedals: Metaphors
of Speechlessness in Bachmann's Malina."
Lynne Tatlock: "Erlebte Fremde in der Literatur am
Beispiel Der Aztekensommer von Christoph Janacs.
Untersuchungen zur Rezeption bei mexikanischen DaFStudenten."
Katherine Arens: "Colonialism in Austro-Hungary: Fritz
Mauthner's Bohemian Novellas."
Gisela Roethke: "Die Broch/Langgasser Korrespondenz:
Zum Mythos in Exil und 'Innerer Emigration. '"
Kathryn Strachota: "Movie Watcher: A Computerized
Approach to Working with Authentic Video Clips in
Beginning Classes."
Marjorie Tussing: "Teacher Standards."
Sigrid Berka: "A Child is Being Programmed: Stifer's
Granit."
Regina Braker: "JUMA Das Jugendmagazin: A Resource
for Intermediate Level Contextualized Tests."
Elizabeth Calkin: "Women in Power: Schiller's Maria
Stuart."
Mariatte C. Denman: "Zwischen Totenglocken und
Heimatklang: Heimatdiskurse bein Marie Luise Kaschnitz
und llse Langner."
Monika Fischer: "Migrant Knowledge and
Transculturation in Emine Sevgi Ozdamer's Franz."
Elke Frerderiksen: "Zur Dekonstruktion des PreuBenbildes
im spaten 19. Jahrhundert: Gabriele Reuters Roman Aus
guter Familie."
Karin U. Herrman: "Bodily Harm and the Decaying of
Nature: Elfriede Jelinek's Oh Wildnis, oh Schutz vor ihr."
Heike Hofmann: "Rereading and Rewriting
Multiculturalism: Turkish Women Writers in Germany."
Doris Kirchner: "Chaos vs. Order: Eugen Gottlob
Winkler's Aestheticism during the Thirties."
Janet Lungstrom served on a panel: "On the Future of
German at the College and University Level."
Annette Meusinger: "Gedachtnis-Korper: Zur
Positionalitat der Wahrnehmung des Subjekts in den
Texten von Anne Duden."
Stefanie Ohnesorg: "Happy Birthday Ttirke": Spielfilme
im landeskundlich orientierten Unterricht DaF."
Gertrud Bauer Pickar: "Literary Reflections and Poetic
Refigurations: Gleanings from Droste's Epistolary
Writing."
Donna C. Van Handle: Mini Workshop on "Using
Electronic Mail and Internet Resources in Teaching
German."
Marilya Veteto-Conrad: "Zehra Cirak: Foreign Wings on
Familiar Shoulders."
Elisabeth Waghall: "What's the Point of the Language/
Culture Course?"
Linda Kraus Worley: "Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach:
Authoring the Self in Letters."
Helga Watt
University of Denver
Frauen-Literatur-Sprache
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
From August 9 to II, 1995, the University of
Alberta, Edmonton AB, hosted an international conference
"Frauen - Literatur - Sprache". It was the first
international conference of its kind in German Studies in
Canada. It provided a forum for an exchange of ideas in a
cross-cultural setting. The focus of the conference was on
the emerging interdisciplinary dimensions of German
literature and linguistics and it dealt with the following
aspects:
- Feminine Identity and Female Self-consciousness
- Self-reliance, Autonomy, and Socialization
- Myths
- Language Systems and its Usage
- Contrastive Analysis (German-English)
- Discourse Analysis.
There were close to 90 participants who came
from all over the globe, making the conference a truly
international one. The countries represented in order of
frequency were: Canada, Germany, United States, Great
Britain, Switzerland, Ireland, Austria, New Zealand, and
South Africa. The aim of the conference was to bring
together established and emerging scholars from North
America, Europe, and beyond (hence the timing of the
conference just before the five-yearly NG conference
which took place in Vancouver from August 13 to 19) to
discuss, evaluate, and develop new approaches, theories,
and methodologies in reassessing the role of women in
society from a literary and linguistic point of view.
The interdisciplinarity focus of the conference
was reflected in the two plenary speakers: Inge Stephan
from the Humboldt University Berlin who gave a paper
entitled "Wer hat Angst vor Medea? Medea-Texte von
Autorinnen im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert" and Marlis
Hellinger from the University of Hanover who spoke
about "Eine Sprache fUr beide Geschlechter - Tendenzen
des sprachlichen Wandels im Deutschen". The
interdisciplinarity also was reflected in the groupings of
the papers in the various sections which deliberately went
beyond the boundaries of cultures, languages, literature,
and linguistics as well as in papers themselves. The
organizers of the conference presented ajoint paper in
which Friederike Helene Unger's novel Bekenntnisse einer
schiinen Seele. Von ihr selbst geschrieben was analyzed
from a literary and linguistic point of view. The
highlights? - a difficult choice!
The conference opened with an evocative and
spellbinding reading by the writer Karin Struck from her
novels Blaubarts Schatten und Ingeborg B - Duell mit
dem Spiegelbild. During the following two days, 44
papers from medieval to contemporary literature and
linguistics were presented. Some of the writers dealt with
were Heinrich von Morungen, Anna Bijns, Luise
Gottsched, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Charlotte von
Stein, Karoline von Giinderrode, Johanna Schopenhauer,
Fanny Lewald, Lou Andreas-Salome, Lily Braun, Hans
von Kahlenberg (= Helene von Monbart), Helene Bohlau,
Frank Wedekind, Robert Musil, Alma Johanna Koenig,
Alfred Andersch, Christa Wolf, lIse Aichinger, Gabriele
Kachold, Brigitte Reimann, Ingeborg Drewitz, Ulla Hahn,
Hedda Zinner, Christine Haidegger, Verena Stefan, Marlen
Haushofer, Monika Maron, Elfriede Czurda, Yoko
Tawada, and Emine Sevgi Ozdamar. Quite a few papers
took aim at the changed political, social, and cultural
situation in Germany. Especially gratifying was that
graduate students were not only involved in the
preparation and organization of the conference but also as
presenters of excellent papers. One of them had prepared a
bibliography which was included in the conference
material: Erika Radenovich-Banski, "Bibliography on
Feminist Scholarship in German Linguistics and
Literature," Occasional Papers 5 (1995): 1-96.
As after-dinner speaker at the banquet Pam
Barrett, a former Member of the Alberta Provincial
Legislative Assembly, was invited. She had quit politics
to go into broadcasting. She presented us with an
enlightening perspective on the position of women in
today's world economy and gave some quite hilarious
insights into her experiences in public life.
The conference was organized by Marianne Henn
(literature) and Britta Hufeisen (linguistics) from the
Department of Modem Languages and Comparative
Studies. The atmosphere at the conference could not have
been better; it was congenial, friendly and the discussions
were lively and stimulating. The conference generated new
links, new joint ventures, and cemented old and
established new relations between east and west, north and
south, North America and Europe. According to
comments received, the conference was a resounding
success. The proper perspective of the conference and
insight into its results will be provided by the conference
proceedings which will appear in 1996 and can be
preordered by contacting:
Marianne Henn
MLCS, Div. of Germanic Languages, Literatures, and
Linguistics
University of Alberta
200 Arts Building
Edmonton AB T6G 2E6
Canada
Fax (403) 492-2715
E-mail: [email protected]
GSA Conference
Session Report
Laughter, Humor, and Irony in
German Women's Texts
Presenters: Karen R. Achberger, St. Olaf College; Silke
von der Emde, Vassar College, and Gesa Zinn, University
of Minnesota.
The session opened with an announcement:
Contributions are invited for an anthology on Laughter,
Humor, and Irony in German Women's Texts, to be edited
by Karen Achberger and Silke von der Emde. Deadline for
submissions is August 1, 1996.
Karen Achberger began her paper "About as
Funny as Kafka: Ingeborg Bachmann and Humor" by
pointing out that although Bachmann's quick wit and
lively sense of humor were well known and much
appreciated by her contemporaries, critics have
consistently read her as a humorless writer--as was the
case with Kafka too. Examples of Bachmann's humor
were cited from Drei Wege zum See (e.g., "Probleme
Probleme," "Ihr Gliicklichen Augen," the title story) and
from Malina Ithe Todesarten cycle--indeed, Karen finds
Bachmann at her funniest in these most deadly serious
texts from her final years. Many of the comic moments
of Malina never made it into print, however: Bachmann
followed the advice of Martin Walser to shorten the text
by eliminating some of the humorous sections, which
were thought to be "excess baggage." The omitted
episodes were preserved in Bachmann's Nachlaf3 and will
be available in the five-volume Todesarten-Projekt of
Piper Verlag, to appear this fall.
Ig
U'omeu itt tJC'U11au
Silke von der Emde's paper "Laughing Bullets,
Laughing Tears: Humor in Inntraud Morgner's Novels"
began with a reference to Umberto Eco's The Name of the
Rose, where humor is presented as a danger to those "at
the top," for laughter can become a weapon against the
fear that keeps the oppressed in their place. Morgner, of
course, defines the power hierarchy in terms of gender.
She quotes Bakhtin in her novels to show that humor is a
very serious thing for her. Silke sees Morgner's humor as
a weapon ("laughing bullets ") in her earlier works and as a
survival strategy ("laughing tears") in the later works. She
cited Valeska's reaction to her newly acquired male organ
(after her sex-change in Trobadora Beatriz) as an
illustration of how men's power is unmasked as based in
rhetoric and repression when seen from a woman's
perspective. Silke also showed how Morgner, by telling
the same story ("Kaffee verkehrt") differently in different
works, makes the point that there is no single "truth," no
unitary language. Rather, the concept of Truth (with a
capital
is deadly for women. Laughter is the condition
of heteroglossia and the recognition of the Other; any
truth is only half, depending on the speaker's position.
n
Gesa Zinn, in "Feminist Laughter Between the
Lines: Laughter, Humor, and Irony in Helke Sander's
Written and Visual Texts," discussed Sander's works in
light of Bakhtin's dialogic, Eco's "Frames of Comic
'Freedom'," and the characteristics of women's humor
elaborated by Nancy Walker in A Very Serious Thing
[1988] and Feminist Alternatives [1990]. Sander's humor,
though playful and refreshing, is never used for its own
sake, but always to critique. Examples cited included
Traugott, the male lead in The Trouble with Love, who is
ridiculed for his childishness and double standards; Freya
in the same film, whose performance of despair in a
(melo-)dramatic moonlit scene is suddenly ruptured when
she realizes that she has put her hand into a pile of dog
feces; and Lieschen Muller in The Germans and their Men,
a screwball character who uses body and voice to construct
and deconstruct stereotypical (gender) behavior. Gesa
attributes the lighter and more accessible humor of
Sander's later work (as contrasted with the often angry
tone of her earlier film texts) to her move away from
avant-garde cinema. Sander has changed her textual
politics, but not her sexual politics.
In her commentary, Jeanette Clausen thanked the
presenters for their pioneering work in beginning to look
at humor in German-language texts by women and raised
some questions for further reflection. In discussing works
by an Austrian, a West German, and a writer from the
former GDR, can we legitimately speak of "German
women's texts"? Are there culture-specific elements in the
humorous expression of some or all of these women?
Noting that the texts stand along a continuum of
"women's humor/feminist humor," she asked how these
categories can be usefully defined for feminist readings of
these and other texts. How does an awareness of
Bachmann's sense of humor enlarge our understanding of
the Todesanen texts? In what sense does Morgner's use of
mUltiple standpoints to reveal multiple "truths" lead
toward a condition of heteroglossia? Does Helke Sander's
work, like Morgner's, also suggest the existence of
multiple "truths"? Finally, how can we--Wiggies and
others wishing to study women's humor/feminist humor-challenge ourselves to write about it in ways that preserve
the laughter, rather than turning women's humor into
deadly serious material for scholarly articles?
Summary by Jeanette Clausen
Indiana U. - Purdue U, Fort Wayne
Report on the Ninth Symposium
of the International Brecht Society
The Ninth Symposium of the International
Brecht Society met this year in Augsburg on the 10th and
11 th of March. This is the second time in a row that the
city of Augsburg has hosted a major Brecht conference,
the Eighth IBS Symposium took place in Augsburg as
well, in December of 1991. Furthermore, an active
"Brecht-Kreis" has formed in Augsburg which convenes
regularly, organizes cultural events, and sponsors a new
publication, Dreigroschenheft, which appears four times a
year and offers reviews of theater performances, books,
conferences, short articles, and interviews, as well as
bibliographical information, in a very attractive layout.
In many ways, Dreigroschenheft takes over from the
journal of the former Brechtzentrum in Berlin, notate,
which had to cease publication due to lack of funding.
Augsburg's decision to fill this gap and provide a much
needed resource is therefore of vital importance, as is, on a
more general level, the city of Augsburg's growing
acknowledgement and awareness of its famous native, a
rebel turned classic.
This year's IBS symposium centered on two
topics, "Kollektive Produktivitat" and "die Rolle der
Musik im Werk Bertolt Brechts". Especially the former
subject may have interested the concerns of WiG
members; and not surprisingly, among the 45 active
participants, at least six were also members of WiG:
Karen Achberger, Helen Fehervary, Angelika Fuhrich,
Marc Silberman (who was largely responsible for
organizing the conference), Vera Stegmann, and Gudrun
Tabbert-Jones (who will act as the new editor of the IBSjournal Communications). Such a growing interest by
Wiggies in the IBS is welcome and desirable, and the
Brecht Society should definitely provide an outlet and a
diverse forum for progressively minded thinkers.
The conference was truly international in spirit:
Participants had traveled from Australia, Austria, Canada,
England, Germany, Puerto Rico, Russia, and the United
States to attend the events in Augsburg. The two
sessions on the subject of "Kollektive Produktivitat"
opened with a talk by James K. Lyon who addressed the
general issue of collective creativity, a process that already
began in Brecht's teenage years with his youthful
Augsburg clique. Tom Kuhn then concentrated on the
friendship between Brecht and Hanns Otto Mtinsterer,
Helen Fehervary spoke on Anna Seghers, and Angelika
Ftihrich presented interpretations of Elisabeth
Hauptmann's short stories, proposing that Hauptmann be
viewed as an independent writer, whose literary
significance reaches beyond her work with Brecht.
Siegfried Mews closed the two morning sessions with a
discussion of Elaine Feinstein's Loving Brecht. In this
novel, Frieda Bloom, Brecht's fictional lover who in the
end leaves the poet and creates her own life in New York,
offers a possible counter-image to the historical women in
Brecht's circle.
The two afternoon sessions of the first day
focussed on "Brecht und die Musik". Jost Hermand
explored the work of Walter Felsenstein, director of
(formerly East) Berlin's Komische Oper since 1947; Vera
Stegmann spoke on the German-Italian composer
Ferruccio Busoni who created an early form of epic
theater; Nelson Rivera presented a discussion of John
Cage, whose aesthetic and political concerns resembled
many of Brecht's. Maarten van Dijk and Peter W. Ferran
addressed issues of musical performance, and Peter Werres
discussed developments in Wolf Biermann's political and
artistic stance.
The sessions on the second day addressed a
variety of issues of performance, pedagogy, and theater and
media theory. Craig Kinzer's talk on theater pedagogy
was followed by Emma Lewis Thomas's and Andrzej
Wirth's visual presentation of their Fatzer experiment in
Australia, as well as Carl Weber's report on the
performance of 1m Dickicht der Stiidte that he directed at
Stanford. Pedagogical discussions were continued by Gerd
Koch, whereas Herbert Knust offered a detailed analysis of
visual and didactic elements in Brecht's story "Wenn die
Haifische Menschen waren", and Florian FaGen talked
about Cestus in Lesebuch /iir Stiidtebewohner. Franz
Norbert Mennemeier proposed to view Brecht's writings
also as a continuation of ideas by the early Romantics;
Judith Wilke spoke of the relationship between
"Literarisierung" and "StOrung" in Brecht's theater; Meg
Mumford explored a feminist approach by unveiling
subtle forms of cross-dressing in Brecht's dramas; and
Michael Morley's talk centered on Konstantin
Stanislavsky. Ulrich Weisstein offered an interpretation
of Ruth Berghaus' epic approaches to opera performance in
the GDR; Joachim Lucchesi reported on his investigation
of archival materials on the "Lukullus-Debatte" 1951 in
East Berlin, and Vladimir Koljazin presented a moving
account of the tragic death of Sergei Tretiakov, based on
newly available KGB documents.
The conference was framed by a variety of events
hosted by the city of Augsburg. Among them figured
Marcel Reich-Ranicki's lecture on "Brecht und die Liebe",
as well as the first presentation of the city's "Bert-BrechtPreis" for literature, which went to Franz Xaver Kroetz
this year. Kroetz accepted the prize ("Brecht ist bei mir
noch mit einem blauen Auge davongekommen," the
author stated in an earlier interview with the Augsburger
Allgemeine), and in lieu of a speech he offered a theatrical
reading of some Brecht poems.
Another "event" constituted the
"Podiumsgespriich" with John Fuegi, author of Brecht and
Company: Sex, Politics, and the Making of Modem
Drama (US title) or The Life and Lies of Bertolt Brecht
(British title). As many of us know, Fuegi's 730 page
biographical volume engages in wild speculations on
Brecht's extensive love life and claims that Brecht's female
lovers, with whom the author had a "sex for text"
relationship, actually wrote the majority of his plays.
Moderated by Helmut Koopmann, the panel included Peter
von Becker, Pia Kleber, Siegfried Mews, and Emma
Lewis Thomas, thereby following Fuegi's request of a
balance between supporters and opponents of the book.
This two-hour discussion, in which the audience hardly
got a chance to participate, did not solve any of the
pertinent issues, although, viewed as a theatrical spectacle,
it was highly entertaining. The latest issue of The Brecht
Yearbook contains a 108 page list of mere factual errors in
Fuegi's book, to which Fuegi supposedly responded with
a 28 page list of errors within the IBS error list (hitherto
unreceived by the Yearbook editor, despite several
requests ... ) It seems to me that there is still ample need
for a professional, factually grounded, and theoretically
educated feminist analysis of Brecht's works. As Brecht's
l00th birthday is approaching in 1998, the cities of
Augsburg and Berlin are preparing events, and the IBS is
tentatively planning a conference in Chicago. Could this
offer an opportunity for WiG activists to become more
involved?
Vera Stegmann
Lehigh University
Important IBS-related addresses:
Ward Lewis
Secretaryffreasurer of the IBS
Germanic & Slavic Languages
202B Meigs Hall
University of Georgia
Athens, GA 30602
USA
Maarten van Dijk
Editor, The Brecht Yearbook
Drama Department
University of Waterloo
200 University Ave. West
Waterloo, Ontario
Canada N2L 3G1
Gudrun Tabbert-Jones
Editor, Communications from the International Brecht
Society
Department of Modem Languages
Santa Clara University
Santa Clara, CA 95053
USA
Kurt Idrizovic
Redaktion, Dreigroschenheft: Injormationen zu Bert Brecht
Obstmarkt 11
86152 Augsburg
Gemany
European News
Editor: Cathy Gelbin
Email: [email protected]
News From Germany
German News-Digest After The Sommerloch
Frauen in der Literaturwissenschaft
Der Rundbrief "Frauen in der
Literaturwissenschaft", den die Arbeitsstelle
fiir feministische Literaturwissenschaft an der Universitat
Hamburg herausgibt, enthalt neben den Beitraegen zum
jeweiligen Schwerpunkt auch Projektvorstellungen,
Rezensionen, einen Veranstaltungskalender und
Publikationshinweise. Er erscheint im Umfang von ca.
100 Seiten dreimal jiihrlich und kostet im Abonnement
40,- DM (bzw. 20,- DM flir Studierende und Erwerbslose)
pro Jahr.
Bestellungen an:
Frauen in der Literaturwissenschaft
c/o Universitat Hamburg
Literaturwissenschaftliches Seminar
Von-Melle-Park 6
20146 Hamburg
Tel:+49-40-4123-4818
Fax:+49-40-4123-4785
Email: [email protected]
Dr. Linda Dietrick
Tel. (204) 786-9422
Department of Germanic Studies
Fax (204) 786-1824
University of Winnipeg
[email protected]
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3B 2E9 CANADA
The "Mitsu" File
Yet another icon of GDR opposition, the writer
Monika Maron, has been uncovered as a former 1M
(Informeller Mitarbeiter) for the Stasi. As Der Spiegel
32, 1995 reported, Monika Maron alias "Mitsu" spied on
West German diplomats, journalists and regular citizens
between 1976 and 1978. In return, she received eleven
travel permits to West Berlin alone in 1977. Maron's
previous repression of this information is all the more
disappointing as she has repeatedly hurled verbal assault at
East Germans, thus for example terming them "weepy
cowards" ("larmoyante Duckmauser"). Once exposed as a
former informant, Maron then declared her own
implication in the oppressive apparatus of the GDR
merely insignificant.
The complete reprint of one out of altogether two
reports written by "Mitsu" in Der Tagesspiegel seems to
prove this assertion, as it compares East Berlin's visual,
cultural and political bleakness with the bustling life in
the Western half of the city. However, as civil rights
activist Barbel Bohley argued in the follow-up issue of
Der Spiegel, the two reports preserved in Maron's 1M-file
may not fully reflect the extent of her work for the Stasi.
After all, Maron reported to what Bohley termed "the heart
of the Stasi," i.e. its international espionage section
headed by Markus Wolf. The pursuits of Wolfs HVA
(Hauptverwaltung Aufkliirung) continue to lie in the dark
due to the destruction of its files in early 1990, but also
because - similarly to Maron - many of its former
employees still maintain their conspiratorial silence.
Certainly Maron, who submitted large parts of
her critical novel Flugasche to the Stasi for proof-reading,
represents another interesting example for the
entanglement of many critical intellectuals and artists with
the system of political oppression in the GDR. The
knowledge about Maron's dubious role as a Stasi
informant may prompt a new reading not only of
Flugasche, but perhaps also of her successive novels Die
Oberlaujerin and Stille Zeile sechs.
First Nobel Prize in Science for German Woman
Developmental biologist Christiane NlissleinVolhard from Tlibingen is the first female German
scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in medicine and
physiology. She currently serves as director of the MaxPlanck-Institute for Developmental Biology and shares the
prize with two U.S. scientists, Edward Lewis and Eric
Wieschaus.
Sozialreport 95 des Sozialwissenschaftlichen
Forschungszentrums Berlin-Brandenburg
Erstmals erfaBte die SFZ-Erhebung gesondert die
Situation von Frauen [in den neuen BundeslandernJ in
Ausbildung und Beruf. So sank die Frauenerwerbquote
von 90 auf 73 Prozent. [... J Bei den Arbeitslosen sind
Frauen dagegen zu zwei Dritteln vertreten. "Wir nahern
uns der westdeutschen Beschaftigungssituation", erkliirten
Arbeitsmarkt-Forscherinnen Katrin Andruschow und Rita
Mersmann: Aus zu DDR-Zeiten frauendominierten
Branchen wie dem Handel seien "Mischbranchen"
geworden, das verarbeitende Gewerbe als Where
Mischbranche wurde zur Mannerdomiine und der
Bausektor, wo Frauen friiher schon die Ausnahme waren,
sei weiblichen Arbeitskriiften nun ganz verschlossen. Die
ungleichen Chancen begannen bereits mit der Ausbildung:
So hatten sich die Ausbildungsplatze in der Industrie fUr
Jungen urn 19, fUr Madchen aber urn 85 Prozent reduziert.
From: Der Tagesspiege/, October 5, 1995
High Penalties for the Murderers of Solingen
More than two years after five Turkish girls and
women died in the flames of their home in Solingen, a
DUsseldorf court sentenced the four accused arsonists.
Felix K. (18), Christian R. (19) and Christian B. (22)
received ten years of detention, the highest possible
penalty for youth. Felix Gartmann (25) was sentenced to .
15 years of prison. German politicians, such as foreign
Minister Klaus Kinkel and Auslanderbeauftragte Cornelia
Schmalz-Jacobsen, and Berlin's Turkish Community
expressed their relief at the severe sentences. During the
trials, Mevltide Genc, mother and grandmother of the dead,
had called both for legal punishment of the murderers and
for reconciliation among Turks and Germans. In order to
set a respective sign, the Genc family recently accepted
German citizenship. The accused arsonists and their
families announced their appeal against the court's
decision.
Friedenspreis des deutschen Buchhandels
Annemarie Schimmel, German specialist in
Middle Eastern Studies, received the peace prize of the
German book industry at the 1995 book fair in
FrankfurtlMain. The presentation of the award was
preceded by weeks of heated debate in the German media.
According to Schimmel's opponents, among them
Taslima Nasrin, Jtirgen Habermas and Ralph Giordano,
the author of more than eighty books was severely
compromised by her lack of criticism against Islamic
fundamentalism, as well as her defense of death threats
against British writer Salman Rushie. President Roman
Herzog, on the other hand, asserted during the presentation
ceremony that Schimmel's work helped foster a better
understanding between the West and the world of Islam.
Schimmel accepted the prize carrying DM 25,000 despite
the presence of some 200 protesters.
Cathy Gelbin
Cornell Univ.lMoses Mendelsohn Zentrum
Vor den Toren? Von einer die auszog in
FrankfurtlOder zu lehren:
Erfahrungen mit einem Lehrauftrag an der
Europa-UniversiUit Viadrina FrankfurtlOder im
Winter 1994/95
Nach FrankfurtlOder -fUr eine Berlinerin wie
mich also: in die Provinz - kam ich aus Neugier. Eine
ehemalige Kollegin, jetzt Inhaberin einer Professur am
Lehrstuhl fUr Osteuropiiische Literaturen der Fakultat fUr
Kulturwissenschaften der erst kiirzlich gegrundeten
"Europa-Universitiit", erziihlte von den Moglichkeiten und
Schwierigkeiten einer solchen Neugriindung:
Auseinandersetzungen urn Ausbildungsprogramme und
Priifungsordnungen, Chancen zur Etablierung moderner
universitiirer Strukturen, Machtkampfe zwischen den
verschiedenen Fakultiiten und Lehrsttihlen... Kurz, einfach
Bewegung, angesichts des schwerfalligen deutschen
Universitiitsbetriebes etwas durchaus Reizvolles.
Ich erhielt das Angebot, einen Lehrauftrag zu
neuerer DDR-Literatur zu tibernehmen. Mein Vorschlag
lautete: "Schreibweisen der Moderne in Lyrik und Prosa
verschiedener Autorinnengenerationen aus der DDR".
Mit einem verwandten Thema war ich zuvor an
der FU Berlin auf reges Interesse gestoBen. Engagiert und
neugierig hatten die teilnehmenden ost- wie westdeutschen
StudentInnen tiber Traditionen eines "weiblichen
Schreibens" in der DDR, tiber die historisch veranderliche
soziale Situation der Frau in der DDR, tiber gender- oder
generationsspezifische Unterschiede debattiert. Es war
dariiber auch schon mal zu einer Ost-West-Polarisierung
gekommen, insgesamt jedoch standen die Zwanzigjiibrigen
der DDR-Literatur aus den 60er und 70er Jahren aIle
genauso fremd gegentiber, unabhangig davon, auf welcher
Seite der Mauer sie aufgewachsen waren.
Hier in Frankfurt/Oder nun fiel ich mit meinem
Vorhaben auf die Nase.
Bei den SeminarteilnehmerInnen waren groBere
Vorbehalte einem solchen Thema gegentiber zu spiiren.
Die - laut Universitiitsprofil - zu einem Drittel polnischen
Studentlnnen wollten sich viellieber mit "klassischer"
deutscher Literatur befassen als mit "moderner" (was
immer man darunter verstehen mag), dies vor allem aus
sprachlichen GrUnden. Viele wollten lieber Goethesche
Hochsprache lesen als sich durch "diese modernen
Sprachzerstiickeler" ihren deutschen Stil zu "versauen".
(AIle anwesenden polnischen Studentlnnen sprachen
ausgezeichnet deutsch!) Ein zweiter Vorbehalt betraf
grundsatzlich die Auswahl von DDR-Literatur: wenn
schon neuere deutsche Literatur, dann wollten sie doch
eher westdeutsche kennenlernen, "DDR" klang vielen zu
stark nach Politik. Der dritte Vorbehalt schlieBlich betraf
die von mir vertretene offensichtlich feministische
Perspektive. Hier war die Abwehr ganz korperlich im
Raum zu sptiren, von seiten der Studentinnen fast noch
vehementer als von derjenigen der Studenten.
Der Seminarauftakt, ich hatte absichtlich einen
provokanten Text von Gabriele StOtzer-Kachold aus den
fruhen 80er Jahren ausgesucht, geriet zum Eklat. Die
Irritation, welche das drastische, expressiv-sinnliche
Textbruchstiick bei den deutschen und den wenigen
StudentInnen aus Kanada, Frankreich und England
auslOste, schlug bei der Mehrheit der polnischen
TeilnehmerInnen in bruske Ablehnung urn. DaB der
eigene Korper, daB Erfahrungen mit Sexualitat und Macht
in einer so direkten Weise ftir literaturwtirdig erkIfut
wurden. schien fUr sie noch immer unvorstellbar zu sein.
Ganz schlimm wurde es spater noch einmal, als
wir einen Text tiber Abtreibung interpretieren woHten.
Zwischen der Selbstverstandlichkeit, ja z.T. Abgekllirtheit,
in der einige StudentInnen mit diesen Themen umgingen,
und der Abwehr und Verweigerung der anderen lagen
Welten. Wo eine Kanadierin eine enorme
emanzipatorische Leistung beeindruckte, war so manche
(gleichaltrige!) Polin eher peinlich bertihrt. Intensitat und
Geltungsdauer jahrhundertealter Tabus hatte ich
augenscheinlich unterschlitzt: die Gleichzeitigkeit des
Ungleichzeitigen. Nattirlich anderte ich meine SeminarStrategie, war behutsamer in der Argumentation und
wahlte mit Bedacht zunachst "einfachere" Texte aus (z.B.
friihe Erzahlungen von Wolf, Morgner und Kirsch), darauf
jedoch will ich hier nicht naher eingehen.
Wichtiger ist mir, dartiber nachzudenken, wie
fixiert wir ostdeutschen Feministinnen in unseren
Debatten doch bisher auf die deutsch-deutsche
Auseinandersetzung blieben. Wie wenig ist uns bewuBt,
daB die DDR als Ort unserer Sozialisierung nicht nur
geographisch ein "Dazwischen" darstellt: zwischen Ostund Westeuropa, zwar unmittelbar an der Grenze zum
Westen, durch die jahrzehntelange politische und
wirtschaftliche Bindung an die Sowjetunion jedoch
zugleich in der Nahe zum Osten. Die Reflexion dieser
Sondersituation mit ihren Folgen fUr Mentalitat und
Kultur kann, so scheint mir, auch innerhalb der
Frauenbewegung zu neuen Einsichten fUhren. Das Hinund Hergerissensein zwischen "Nicht-mehr"- und "Nochnicht"-Erfahrungen kannte uns Frauen aus der DDR eine
besondere Eignung als Mittlerinnen verleihen. Statt uns
an der eigenen nationalen Situation abzuarbeiten und alles
immer und tiberall im deutsch-deutschen Vergleich
wahrzunehmen, kannten wir unsere Aufmerksamkeit auch
mal wieder nach Osten richten, die alten Kontakte (und
Sprachkenntnisse!) wiederbeleben: unter neuem
Blickwinkel und aus einem neuen Interesse heraus. Es
kannte ja sein, unser MaBstab ware zu tiberdenken ...
Dr. Birgit Dahlke
z.Zt. Institut fUr deutsche Literatur der HumboldtUniversitat Berlin
Personal News
Editor: Karen Achberger
Email: [email protected]
A New Wiggie in utero
Silke von der Emde is expecting a baby girl in
March. The baby is already kicking a lot, according to
Silke. She and her husband are searching for names and
would appreciate any good suggestions for a name that
works in both English and German.
Gisela Moffit's Promotion
I had a bit of good news which I would like to
share with my WIG friends: I was notified by the Dean
that I got promoted to Associate Professor! I am happy
and eager to let the world know that hard work does pay
off sometimes!
Sue Bottigheimer Update
Last fall (1994), Sue (=Ruth B.) Bottigheimer
lectured on both Bible stories and fairy tales in Innsbruck,
Vienna, Leipzig, Garlitz, G6ttingen, and Marburg. Over
the last few years, Sue has been teaching in guest
professorships at G6ttingen (1990), Innsbruck (1993), and
Hollins College (1995) while still an adjunct at SUNY:
Stony Brook. Children's literature remains her main area,
with children's Bibles having joined Grimm's Tales. She
found in most instances that the faculty was far more
feminist than the students. She is returning to Leipzig
this fall for a return engagement.
Teaching Award to Kamakshi Murti
Kamakshi Murti was selected as the recipient of
the 1995 Five Star Faculty Award. She was chosen from
more than 200 different teachers at the University of
Arizona in Tucson who were nominated last spring for
this student-sponsored award. Kamakshi was presented
with a $1000 check, a gift certificate to Anthony's in the
Foothills, and a certificate of recognition.
Kamaskshi's students mention her devotion and
tireless caring for students as one of her outstanding
qualities. They say that she is always available and even
offered to drive one student to the airport when her
grandfather died. "Office hours mean nothing to her; she's
there for everyone," said one Women's Studies senior.
Her colleagues agreed that she is a dynamic part
of the department and devotes many hours outside of the
classroom, including many evenings and weekends. "She
cares more about students than any teacher I've ever met,"
said Thomas Kovach, German Studies chair. She is
spending 1995-96 on a well-deserved sabbatical leave.
Virginia Evjion: New Cartoonist
VIRGINIA is a new cartoonist in this issue. She
is Virginia Evjion, a doctoral student at the University of
Florida (German and Women's Studies). Presently she is
teaching an undergraduate course on the cultural
implications of the Vampire myth. Her dissertation in
progress deals with the same topic. The cartoons in in this
newsletter are from a series "Slice of Mice".
Marilyn Sibley Fries, 1945-1995
Our colleague, friend, and fellow WIG-member
Marilyn Sibley Fries died on August I, in Ann Arbor.
The cause of death was the cancer which she had battled so
valiantly for several years. Marilyn would have been only
I
50 years old this past October, and her sensible, energetic
spirit and unwavering dedication to scholarly inquiry and
humane education are already acutely missed. A reliable
organizer of conferences and events, a willing participant
in professional activities at all levels, a well loved teacher,
a scholar of great curiosity and exquisite writing, she
shouldered multiple responsibilites in all realms of our
professional lives. Yet there was always time for coffee,
for empathy, for the encouraging chat. There was also
always time and energy for family, an open and warm
house, cooking,weaving, calligraphy, dogs, cats,
gardening, neighbors, and friends near and far. Her holiday
letter brought news and inspiration to all who read it each
year. Marilyn and Brant fries and their daughters Kyra and
Lorin were always up to something ... always
something new and marvelous.
Two abiding themes of Marilyn's multifaceted
scholarship were Berlin and Christa Wolf. Marilyn's first
stay in Berlin was in 1961; her final visit in the summer
of 1994. Her first book dealt with the city: The Changing
Consciousness of Reality. The Image of Berlin in Selected
German Novels from Raabe to Dob/in. And on her final
visit she marveled at the changes recent history had
brought. The person and writings of Christa Wolf struck
many chords with Marilyn. WIG members are especially
well acquainted with the 1989 volume Marilyn edited
entitled Responses to Christa Wolf. Critical Perspectives.
With academic degrees earned from Bennington College,
Middlebury College, and Cornell University and ten years
on the faculty at Yale University followed by ten more at
the University of Michigan, Marilyn Sibley Fries served
higher education long and well. Her energy and integrity
were exemplary -- a wonderful combination of exuberant
intellectual curiosity and diligent responsibility. Our
academic profession and we of WIG could have used her
talents and energies for years to come. Her loss is already
deeply felt.
Marilyn's family has requested that memorials be
sent to either the Department of German or the Geriatrics
and Cancer Center at the University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI 48109. Donations may also be sent to the
Memorial Fund at WIG.
Nancy Kaiser
Univ. of Wisconsin
Book Reviews
Editor: Barbar Hyams
Email: [email protected]
Frigga Haug, Beyond Female
Masochism: Memory-Work and Politics,
trans. Rodney Livingstone (London:
Verso, 1992)
This is one of several books published in Verso's
"Questions for Feminism" series, which also happens to
include Julia Knight's Women and the New German
Cinema. Frigga Haug, known as one of Germany's more
outspoken feminist and Marxist scholars, was also one of
the founders of the new women's movement in West
Germany in the late1960's as well as a member ofthe
(former) West Berlin Action Committee for the Liberation
of Women, whose ranks also included Helke Sander. She
now teaches politics and sociology in Berlin and is editor
of the journal Das Argument. In Beyond Female
Masochism she explores connections and distinctions
between the labor movement as a practical manifestation
of Marxist theory, and the feminist movement which she
understands as focusing upon the social emancipation of
women. Regrettably, these two movements have
acknowledged each other in theory but never in practice;
while the labor movement has made concessions to
women's demands, it has not grasped that catering to the
specific needs of half the human population should not be
a mere concession but an inherent part of their political
platform. The women's movement, for its part, sees
patriarchy, i.e. male domination as antedating the rise of
capitalism and therefore as posing a more fundamental
barrier to human liberation than does class struggle.
Some women, Virginia Woolf being a notable example,
have tried to reconcile these opposing positions by
expanding the concept of class, proclaiming that the
female sex is itself a class and should therefore ally itself
with the class struggle. Haug sees this third perspective
as highly problematic, insofar as it leads to a conflation of
biological and social determinants, and I might further add,
to a denial of the extant power differentials between
women exposed to disparate opportunities and privileges
and stemming from differing racial or ethnic backgrounds.
Haug therefore positions herself among the camp
of socialist feminists convinced that the two forms of
oppression, patriarchy and capitalism, are inherently
interrelated and that perforce ideological and economic
struggles cannot be treated or resolved separately. This
line of argumentation finds historical corroboration
following the victory of the CDU in West Germany and
the Republican party in the U.S in the early 1980's.
Right wing policies legitimized cutbacks in state funding
and social welfare by valorizing the ethos of family values
and women's role in the domestic sphere, thereby twisting
the feminist image of strong but caring women into one
of self-sacrificing caretakers serving a capitalist economy
that does not financially remunerate their work. That
which republican rhetorical cleverly referred to as a
'feminization of society,' a cultivation of the image of a
caring and nurturing nation intended to win women's
votes, was later more accurately termed a' feminization of
poverty,' since women were most negatively affected by
these changes.
While many feminists maintain that Marx
neglects to consider women and 'women's work' in his
critical analysis of capitalism, Haug calls for a
reassessment of his self-contradictory writings and cites
several passages from German Ideology and from Capital
where he refers to "the latent slavery in the family" as "the
first property." It was Marx who proclaimed that the
measure of universal emancipation could be inferred from
the degree of women's emancipation. His theoretical
groundwork, Haug points out, has provided feminists with
the vocabulary and the paradigms to articulate the double
standards inherent in industrial society and to identify the
status of women within a captialist economy as
ultimately that of lacuna. She further argues that his
description of the division of labor actually does include
the sexual division of labor by making the distinction
between production of life and production of the means to
life and between 'work' and 'free activity.' Within a
society whose wage laborers engage in alienated, i.e.
instrumentalized work, the private sphere is idealized as
the location of 'free activity' which implicitly includes
housework and childrearing. Haug decries the
unsustainability of such a system, which can only
continue to impose intolerable work conditions and hours
by cultivating an ideology in which the private sphere is
imagined as still intact and a source of rejuvenation. She
concurs with Habermas in concluding that such a utopia
has become untenable, if it ever was more than a passing
illusion. Any improvement in the status of women will
hinge upon shifting definitions and valuations of work and
productivity.
While the author obviously introduces many
stimulating ideas, a significant impediment to their
comprehension may derive from the fact that the
individual chapters, organized under the broader three
headings of Socialization, Work, and Politics, were
written as either individual articles for various journals or
presented as lectures during the 1980's. As a result, the
transition from one chapter to the next often seems
artificial and forced, and the author repeats herself
frequently, reiterating the same vein of thought and citing
the same sources in several different chapters. More
forthright editorial intervention would create a coherent
manuscript that reads more like a book and less like a
merely chronological compilation of a scholar's
intellectual work over one decade.
The book's publication in the 1990's also belies
the fact that Haug's approach is distinctly dated as product
of the 1980's. For example, she refers to 'women's
oppression' in a very universal manner which not only
denies the heterogeneity of the category 'woman' as
something to be differentiated at the interstices of class,
race and sexual orientation, but also neglects to consider
the historical specificity of forms of oppression and their
imbrication with social mores. The terms 'sex' and
'gender' are also used interchangeably without a sensibility
for gender as a cultural construct, or the even more recent
formulations of biological 'sex' as itself tinged with
discursive value. The chapter offering an overview of the
history of the women's movement in West Germany is
quite interesting, but Haug makes some sociologically
questionable observations in her final chapter on the status
of women in the newly established Bundeslander. For
example, her assertion that East German women
traditionally bore children when relatively young, because
the GDR had a greater appreciation for the family,
neglects to consider the causality inherent in the fact that
the grounding of a new household afforded adult children a
higher ranking on the waiting lists for their own
apartments. Bearing children thus was not necessarily
only an end in itself, but also represented a means to
independence and to greater benefits in the GDR. Such
sloppy generalizations also surface in Haug's
characterization of East German women, "Their stride
seems more extended, they habitually walk erect, and
above all they lack what I will provisionally term a
passive sexism." Together with the regrettably stilted
language of the translation, such comments occasionally
detract from the impact of the author's otherwise cogent
research.
Angelica Fenner
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Jews and Gender. Responses to Otto
Weininger. Ed. Nancy Harrowitz and
Barbara Hyams, Temple Univ. Press,
Philadelphia 1995, ISBN 1-56639-248-9
Legacies of Prejudice
The sampler traces the influence of Otto
Weininger's Sex and Character. Published in 1903, this
book was an enormous success (23 editions in as many
years) and may be called the first scientific bestseller.
Weininger's views on Jews were eagerly
appropriated by Nazi ideologists. Hitler deemed Weininger
- who committed suicide in the year his dissertation was
published - to be the only "decent" Jew. After 1943, .
however, Nazi essayists attacked Weininger for degrading
"Aryan" women, because his views on a negative
influence of family life did not fit into their promotion of
motherhood. Nevertheless, they went on to exploit his
ideas for their own condemnation of Jewish character.
Weininger starts from the assumption that
feminine and masculine traits can be found in every
individual. Similarly, "Jewishness" is a state of mind that
exists even in "Aryans" - so that anti-Semitism appears as
its symptom (i.e., a projection). But beginning his
explorations with the abstract category "W" for feminine
characteristics, Weininger repeatedly leads to empirical
statements about "das Weib". Thus, his assumption of a
basic bisexuality is presented neither consistently nor
convincingly.
Moreover, what appears as feminine is valued in
purely negative terms: "Woman" is morally inferior to
man because she is predominantly sexually determined.
In consequence, her role is either that of a mother or a
prostitute. To attain transcendence, woman needs the
assistance of man, who is less determined by his sexuality
and therefore less confined intellectually. In contrast to
woman, man is able to think rationally, can be creative,
achieve liberty and use his will to fulfill his desire for
transcendence. Woman has only the will to live.
"Jewishness" Weininger sees as effeminate.
Jews are - among other impediments - depraved by a too
strong emotional attachment to their parents which doesn't
allow for independent thinking. Women and Jews are
lacking in personality, stature, capacity for genius, sense
of humor and possess a chameleonlike quality.
The different essays of this volume delineate
historical circumstances at the tum of the century,
analyze unconscious mechanisms and show Weininger's
influence in literary texts, while judging his function
variously. The labels range from "intolerant liberal" to
mirror of "Zeitgeist". Unequivocally, however, the
authors estimate his influence as enormous on a wide
range of fields (literature, philosophy, science, history).
This is convincingly demonstrated in their analyses and
interpretations of Joyce, Kafka, Canetti, Broch, Lawrence,
Stein, Wittgenstein, Kraus and Freud. The editors draw a
distinction between two different approaches: A "cultural
relativist one", focusing on Weininger-reception before the
war, and an approach from today's point of view, using
modernist literary methods as well as such based on
psychoanalysis and research in anti-Semitism and gender
studies.
Apart from providing useful data that help to
explain the resilience of racial and gender prejudice, the
essays also present interesting ways of dissecting the
interweaving of science and bigotry. Allan Janik, for
example, stresses as one of Weininger's most important
insights that we cannot trust our own ideas. Then he uses
a splitting of arguments and the form in which they are
presented to illustrate the way in which expectations
determine relationships. Thus, he highlights the function
of projections in constructing social reality.
Equally separating a scientific paradigm from its
style of presentation, Katherine Arens shows how
Weininger simplifies and combines stereotypes with
scientific paradigms to distill "essences" acceptable to
contemporary norms of discourse as well as prevailing
prejudice. Arens analyzes reception processes of
Schnitzler and Homey to compellingly demonstrate the
impact of "approved" discourse-styles on the willingness
of contemporary audiences to accept an unfamiliar content
- and, vice versa, the failure of a new paradigm clad in
unfashionable argumentative style, to be accepted.
Even though those authors who do consider
Weininger's personal motivation agree on his
precariously unstable point of departure (see, i.e., Gilman
on W.'s self-hatred), there still remain intriguing
inconsistencies. Hoberman contrasts Weininger's
"emotional predicament" to a European history of male
models that allow no chivalry, dignitiy, courage or risktaking - in short, no grandeur or heroism - for Jews, but
instead present them as the cowardly anti-type. However,
keeping in mind Janik's conclusion that Weininger
promoted distrust in our own ideas, a Weiningerquotation by Le Rider (from fragments published after Sex
and Character) may suggest a procedural change in
Weininger's awareness of his predicament: "The hatred of
woman is always only the hatred, not yet overcome, of
one's own sexuality."
Dr. Marlene Mtiller
Columbia University
Susanne Kord. Ein Blick hinter die
Kulissen: deutschsprachige
Dramatikerinnen im 18. und 19.
Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1992.
509 S.
Susanne Kords Buch, ursprtinglich ihre
Dissertation, besteht aus zwei in Konzeption und
Darstellung verschiedenen Hiilften: einer weiblichen
Literaturgeschichte und einem Lexikon.
1m ersten Teil behandelt Kord 50 Dramatikerinnen
mit rund 100 zwischen 1736 und 1896 verfaBten Dramen,
die sie zum Teil ausfuhrlich interpretiert, zum Teil nur
kurz erwiihnt (240 Seiten).
Der zweite Teil stellt in zwei Anhiingen einen
erstaunlichen Materialkorpus zusammen, der weit tiber die
"Basisinformation" (11) fur den ersten Teil hinausgeht.
Anhang A (80 Seiten) enthiilt kurze Biographien der im
ersten Teil behandelten Dramatikerinnen mit Angaben zu
ihren nichtdramatischen Werken und zu weiterfiihrender
Literatur. Anhang B (119 Seiten) fiihrt neben Namen von
315 Autorinnen, deren erste Dramen zwischen 1700 und
1899 verfaBt, veroffentlicht oder aufgeftihrt wurden, auch
265 Pseudonyme auf, die filr 151 der Autorinnen ermittelt
wurden. Die Liste der tiber 2000 Dramen, die "bestenfalls
einen Bruchteil" (14) der Werke weiblicher Dramatiker
darstellt, enthiilt Entstehungsdaten und ermittelte Standorte
in Deutschland, Osterreich, der Schweiz, GroBbritannien,
Kanada und den USA. Das umfassende Literaturverzeichnis
(fast 40 Seiten) fiihrt neben der Forschungsliteratur auch
Ausgaben der Primartexte an. Dieses Nachschlagewerk,
das Ergebnis monumentaler biographischer und
bibliographischer Forschungsarbeit, ist die erste Arbeit,
die in solchem Umfang und solcher Ausfiihrlichkeit bisher
unbekannte deutschsprachige Dramatikerinnen vorstellt.
Die Auffassung, Frauen batten im 18. Jahrhundert keine
Dramen geschrieben, ist damit endgiiltig widerlegt.
Ein Teil des ermittelten Materials ist im Textteil
zu einer weib1ichen Literaturgeschichte verarbeitet. Urn die
mannliche Literaturgeschichte nicht "zum Bezugspunkt fiir
die weibliche" (21) zu machen, untersucht Kord die
Dramen nicht chronologisch, sondern nach "Hauptthemen
einzelner dramatischer Genres" (21) in sieben Kapiteln :
Komodien und Schauspiele, Tragodien, historische
Dramen, Kiinstlerdramen, mythologische Dramen,
Miirchen, Kindertheater. Kord ist es gelungen, eine
fesselnde Literaturgeschichte zu schreiben, weil sie die
Dramen nicht nur vorstellt, sondern zueinander und zur
vorgegebenen "Tradition des Genres" (228) in Beziehung
setzt. Obwohl Kord Vergleiche mit einzelnen Dramen
mannlicher Autoren vermeidet, stellt sie mit zahlreichen
Hinweisen auf "die Tradition" den Bezug zum mannlichen
Kanon her. Gerade die Hinweise auf die "Uminterpretation
thematischer Traditionen" (227) und die Hervorhebung der
subversiven Elemente dieser Dramen im Vergleich zu von
Mannern verfaGten Stiicken, die diesen Teil des Buches so
interessant machen, zeigen die Unmoglichkeit des
Projekts, "die Geschichte weiblicher Dramatiker ...
zunachst einmal unabbangig von der uns bekannten
mannlichen Literaturgeschichte" (20) zu schreiben. Damit
erreicht Kord aber genau das, was sie selbst fiir unmoglich
halt: eine weibliche Literaturgeschichte, die sich auf die
mannliche bezieht, ohne die weiblichen Autoren als
triviale Epigonen der mannlichen Dramatiker darzustellen.
Drameninterpretationen von mehreren Seiten gegeniiber
anderen nur mit einigen Satzen skizzierten, ein Werturteil.
Die Frage, die Kord fiir die herkommliche
Literaturgeschichte stellt: "Was und wer ... wurde nicht in
sie aufgenommen?" (11), muG auch fiir Kords - und fiir
jede andere - weibliche Literaturgeschichte gestellt und
beantwortet werden.
Beim Umfang dieser auGerst sorgfiiltigen Arbeit
sind einige Schwachen unvermeidlich. Das Fehlen eines
Werkregisters der im ersten Teil ausfiihrlicher behandelten
StUcke macht das Auffinden einzelner Dramen in diesem
Teil miihsam. 1m Inhaltsverzeichnis sind zwar unter den
entsprechenden Kapiteliiberschriften die Namen der
Dramatikerinnen, aber nicht die Titel der besprochenen
Dramen aufgefiihrt.
DaB bei der Fiille der Dramen und der schwierigen
Forschungslage die Standortliste nicht vollstandig ist, wie
Kord selbst einraumt, schmalert den Wert ihrer Arbeit in
keiner Weise. Die Tatsache, daB diese Dramentexte in
mehr amerikanischen Bibliotheken stehen als angegeben
(z. B. zusatzlich drei Dramen von Bernstein und zwei von
Ebner-Eschenbach in Madison und Chicago), erleichtert
einerseits die Beschaftigung mit diesen Texten auch in den
USA, macht aber gleichzeitig das bisherige "Vergessen"
oder Verschweigen dieser Dramen und Dramatikerinnen
umso schwerwiegender - und Kords Buch darnit noch
wichtiger. Ais bahnbrechende Vorarbeit fiir weitere
Studien zu bisher "vergessenen" Dramatikerinnen des 18.
und 19. Jahrhunderts ist Kords Arbeit aus der Forschung
nicht mehr wegzudenken.
Ingrid Gjestvang
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Information from the Wig-L List
In einem spateren Aufsatz (Monatshefte, 86
(1994): 95-115) beantwortet Kord die Frage nach den
Methoden der Literaturgeschichte weiblicher Autoren
praziser und stellt zwei Modelle dar, Werke weiblicher
Dramatiker ohne Bezug auf die mannliche Tradition zu
untersuchen. Kord hat aber, meine ich, bereits in diesem
Buch in der Praxis ihrer Literaturgeschichte, die die
Traditionen des mannlichen Kanons als Hintergrund
miteinbezieht, iiberzeugend dargestellt, daB der theoretische
Ansspruch, eine weibliche Literaturgeschichte ohne Bezug
auf die mannliche zu schreiben, nicht nur unmoglich,
sondern auch unnotig ist.
Obwohl Kord versucht, bei der Interpretation der
Dramen "Wertungenjeder Art zu vermeiden" (11),
impliziert sowohl die - von ihr nicht begriindete Auswahl von 50 behandelten Autorinnen aus einer Liste
von 315, als auch die Lange einzelner
Editor: Brenda L. Bethman
Email: [email protected]
Call for papers: Aphra Behn Society
The Aphra Behn Society will meet October 25-27, 1996
at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA. This conference
is centered on women's writing or writing about women
form 1660-1800. The organizers are interested in all
papers dealing with the gender issues of this period, and
would also welcome papers on German writing about
women from this period (in particular Goethe), as well as,
papers on women such as Johanna Eleonore Petersen,
Luise Adelgunde Gottsched, Anna Luise Karsch, Sophie
von la Roche, Philippine Gatterer Engelhard and
Benedickte Naubert.
Please send one-page abstracts by April 15, 1996 to this
address:
Elizabeth Kraft
Department of English
University of Georgia, Athens
Athens, GA 30602
Bibliography on Feminist Scholarship in
German Linguistics and Literature by
Erika Radenovich-Banski to be expanded
Anyone with comments, suggestion, or wishes to
participate in this project should contact:
Marianne Henn
MLCS, Division of Germanic
Languages, Literatures and Linguistics
University of Alberta
[email protected]
Gertrud Kolmar." In: SZ, 10.111. Dez. 1994, Nr. 284, S.
II.
Toennis, Sibylle: "Die Fremde. Zum 100. Geburtstag der
Dichterin Gertrud Kolmar." In: Die Zeit, Nr. 50, 9.Dez.
1994, S. 65.
Buecher:
Eichmann-Leutenegger, Beatrice: Gertrud Kolmar. Leben
und Werk in Texten und
Bildem. 2. Aufl. FrankfurtlM.: Jiidischer Verlag, 1993.
219 S. ISBN 3633540725
Kolmar, Gertrud: Susanna. Mit einem Nachwort von
Thomas Sparr. FrankfurtlM.:
Jiidischer Verlag, 1993.90 S. ISBN 3633540733
Kolmar, Gertrud: Weibliches Bildnis. Siimtliche Gedichte.
Miinchen: Deutscher
Taschenbuch Verlag, 1987.794 S. ISBN 3423107790
"Frauenbibliotheken und -Archive: Nicht
Vergessen an sich selbst zu Denken"
50. Todestag
In the September 1994 issue of Buch und Bibliothek, p.
776-779, there is an article titled "Frauenbibliotheken und
-Archive: Nicht Vergessen an sich selbst zu Denken" by
Annette Kleinhorst, who founded and directs the
"Frauenbibliothek & Dokumentationszentrum
Frauenforschung" in Saarbriicken. This article provides
addresses for further research, and also describes other
archives and special collections.
Recent book publications:
DEFA Film Library Project
Barton Byg reported in June on the progress of the DEFA
Film Library Project at the University of Massachusetts,
Amherst. With the assistance of Jennifer Good, a Ph.D.
candidate at UMass, an anthology of critical essays on
GDR film and film rentals will be available in the fall.
For more information contact:
E-mail:
[email protected]
OR:
[email protected]
Mail:
DEFA Film Library Project
Dept. of Germanic Languages and
Literatures
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Herter Hall, Box 33925
Amherst, MA 01003-3925
Phone:
(413) 545-6671.
100 Jahre Gertrud Kolmar
A list of articles on Gertrud Kolmar, who born 100 years
ago and killed in Auschwitz in March 1943 was submitted
by Elisabeth Angele of the Goethe Institute in Chicago:
Gomer, Riidiger: "Weckrufiiberm Wasser. Vor 100 Jahren
wurde Gertrud Kolmar geboren." In: FAZ, 10. Dez. 1994,
Nr. 287, S. 36.
Lottermoser, Karin: "Es tun sich meine inneren Blicke
auf. Gedenkblatt zum 100. Geburtstag der Dicherin
von Else Lasker-Schiiler
am 22. Januar
Lasker-Schiiler, Else. Gedichte 1902-1943. Miinchen:
DTV, 1993. (DTV 10641)
Lasker-Schiiler, Else. Concert. Trans. Jean M. Snook.
Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1994. xiii, 162 p.
(European Women Writers Series) ISBN 0803229003.
Else LAsker-Schiller. Text und Kritik. Heft 122. April
1994. Zeitschrift fiir Literatur. Hrsg. Heinz Ludwig
Arnold. Miinchen: Edition Text und Kritik, 1994. 102 p.
Article:
Kom, Benjamin. "Es geht urn das Leben. Nur deshalb
geht es urn die Kunst. Zum 50. Todestag der Dichterin,
der Dramatikerin Else Lasker-Schiiler." In: Theater Heute,
Jan. 1995, Heft 1, p. 20-23.
Film:
Video titled "YUSUF, Prince of Thebes. Else LaskerSchiiler," script and director: Nina Fischer, produced by
Bayerischer Rundfunk, 1982. The video is in English, in
the VHS-NTSC system and is 46 minutes long. It can be
borrowed free of charge for .two weeks from the library of
the Goethe Institut of Chicago if you are in their midwest
service area.
Update on Medica
As reported in the Spring 1995 WiG Newsletter, Medica,
a shelter for Bosnian women and children traumatized by
the war, has been founded by Monika Hauser of KOln and
has helped over 4000 women and children. Medica is
financed through private contributions, and provides all
contributors with updates of the situation in Bosnia. If
you would like to contribute, please contact:
Medicae.V.
Waisenhausgasse 65
50676 Koln
Spendenkonto:
Medicae.V.
Sparkasse Bonn
BLZ 380 500 00; Kto-Nr. 45 000 163
In May, Ingrid Wieshofer of Agnes Scott College asked
for suggestions for a syllabus for a course entitled
"Women in Music" to be taught by the German and
Music departments. She received 27 responses and
reported that she now has authentic texts for most of the
periods to be covered by the course. Anyone interested in
viewing the course outline should contact:
book, Grenzueberschreitungen: Sexuelle Beliistigung von
Frauen an Hochschulen, and need someone to write an
article on the situation in the US. There are eleven
contributors, and this article would be the only one about
the US. The article should be about 20 pages long, and
the editors could translate it into German. There is the
possibility of a $300 honorarium as well. If you feel you
could contribute this article or know of someone who
could contact Sigrid Bauschinger at the University of
Massachusetts, Amherst. Sigrid has the table of contents
and expose and would be happy to send it on to you.
Ingrid Wieshofer (German)
E-mail: ingrid. [email protected]
Brenda Bethman
University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Women in Music
OR:
Cal Johnson (Music)
E-mail: [email protected]
Mail for both:
Agnes Scott College
Decatur, GA 30030
Call for papers: Gender and
Germanness: Cultural Productions of
Nation
A new volume will focus on international contributions
ranging from the eighteenth century to the present will
analyze topics such as: gendered discourses of nation: from
Kant to Kohl; popular culture: nineteenth- and twentiethcentury literature; popular culture: nineteenth- and
twentieth-century literature, magazines, advertising,
television, film; issues of gender in canon and the
construction of a national literature; etc. Completed essays
will be due in September, 1996. Please send proposals of
1-2 pages (single-spaced) by January 15, 1995, to the
editors:
Patricia Herminghouse
Department of Modem Languages and
Cultures
University of Rochester
Rochester, NY 14527
E-mail: [email protected]
AND:
Magda Mueller
Department of Foreign Languages and
Literatures
California State University
Chico, CA 95029-0825
E-mail: [email protected]
Grenziiberschreitungen: Sexuelle
BeUistigung von Frauen an Hochschulen
Hadumod Bussmann, the Frauenbeauftragte at the
University of Munich, and Katrin Lange are editing a
Bibliography
Editor: Vibha Gokhale
Email: [email protected]
New Books by Members
Achberger, Karen. Understanding Ingeborg Bachmann. U.
of So. Carolina Press 1995.
Brauner, Sigrid. Fearless Wives & Frightened Shrews:
The Construction of the Witch in Early Modern Germany.
Ed. & Intro. Robert Brown. Foreward by Sara Lennox. U.
of Mass. Press, 1995.
Byg, Barton. Landscapes and Resistances: The German
Films of Daniele Huillet and lean-Marie Straub. U. of
Calif. Press, 1995.
Gokhale, Vibha Bakshi. Walking the Tightrope. A
Feminist Reading of
Therese Huber's Stories. Columbia: Camden House,
1995.
Gooze, Marjanne and Ann Brown Eds. International
Women's Writing: New Landscapes of Identity.
Greenwood Press, 1995.
Kaiser, Nancy, Ed. Selbst Bewuj3t Frauen in den USA.
Reclam, 1995.
Moffit, Gisela. Bonds and Bondage: Daughter-Father
Relationships in the Father Memoirs of German-Speaking
Women Writers of the 1970s. Lang, 1993.
Shafi, Monika. Gertud Kolmar: Eine EinfUhrung in das
Werk. Jujicium Verlag, 1995.
Books of Interest to Members
Acre, Luz. Die Holle. Eine Frau im Chilenischen
Geheimdienst. Eine Autobiografie.
Adolf Muschg. Bielefeld: Aisthesis, 1994.
I
Akashe-Bohme, Farideh, ed. Von der Auffiilligkeit des
Leibes. FrankfurtlM.: Suhrkamp, 1995.
Alvilda Petroff, Elizabeth. Body And Soul. Essays On
Medievel Women And Mysticism. New York: Oxford UP,
1994.
Amaya, Lyana, Ursula Biemann, and Pierette Malatesta,
eds. Zwischenriiume-Interespacios. Bilder und Texte von
-Frauen in der Fremde. Dortmund: ebersbach, 1994.
Amrein, Ursula. Augenkur Und Brautschau. Zur
Diskursiven Logik der Geschlechterdijferenz In Gottfried
Kellers "Sinngedichf'. Frankfurt 1M.: Peter Lang, 1994.
Anderson, Linda R. Women And Autobiography In the
Twentieth Century. Remembered Futures. London:
Routledge,1994.
Angerer, Marie-Luise, and Johanna Dorer, eds. Gender
und Medien. Theoretische Ansiitze, Empirische Befunde
und Praxis der Massenkommunikation. Ein Textbuch zur
Einfiihrung. 1995.
Angerer, Marie-Luise, ed. The Body of Gender.
KorperlGeschlechterlldentitiiten. Vienna: Passagen
Verlag, 1994.
Arendt, Hannah, and Kurt Blumenfeld. " ... in keinem
Besitz verwurzelt". Die Korrespondenz. Hamburg:
Rotbuch, 1994.
Arendt, Hannah, and Mary McCarthy. 1m Vertrauen.
BriefwechseI1949-1975. Ed. Carol Brightman. Munich:
Piper, 1995.
Arendt, Hannah. Zwischen Vergangenheit und ZUkunft.
Obungen im Politis chen Denken I.
Ed. Ursula Ludz. Munich: Piper, 1994.
Arnold, Heinz Ludwig, ed. Christa Wolf. Text + Kritik
Heft 46. 4. Auflage. Neufassung. Munich: edition text
+ kritik, 1994.
Ayim, May. blues in schwarz weiss. Orlanda Press,
1995.
Bernhard R. Appel, ed. Clara und Robert Schumann.
ZeitgenOssische Portriits. Dusseldorf: Droste, 1994.
Behrens, Katja, ed. Frauen In der Romantik. Frankfurt
1M: Insel, 1995.
Benhabib, Seyla. Selbst im Kontext. Kommunikative
Ethik im Spannungsfeld von F eminismus,
Kommunitarismus und Postmodeme. Frankfurt! M.:
Suhrkamp, 1995.
Benjamin, Jessica, ed. Unbestimmte Grenzen. Beitrage
Zur Psychoanalyse der Geschlechter. Frankfurt! M.:
Fischer, 1995.
Benjamin, Jessica. Ungewisser Inhalt. Beitrage Zur
Feministischen Psychoanalyse. FrankfurtlM.: Fischer,
1994.
Berg, Lioba. Caterina in Siena. Alltag einer Heiligen.
Freiburg: Kore, 1993.
Bergman-Carton, Janis. The Woman Of Ideas In French
Art, 1830-1848. London: Yale UP, 1995.
Bertrams, Annette, ed. Dichotomie, Dominanz, Dijferenz.
Frauen plazieren sich in Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft.
Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag, 1995.
Beutel, Heike, and Anna Barbara Hagin, eds. Einmallst
Genug. Irmgard Keun - Zeitzeugen, Bilder und
Dokumente erziihlen. Cologne: Emons, 1995.
Bingen, Hildegard von. Das Buch von den Vogeln.
Salzburg: Otto Muller, 1994.
Blochlinger, Brigitte, et aI., eds. CUT- Film- und
Videomacherinnen Schweiz, Von den Anfiingen bis 1994.
Eine Bestandsaufnahme. nexus 11. Basel: Stroemfeld,
1995.
Boa, Elizabeth, and Janet Wharton, eds. Women and the
Wende. Social Effects and Cultural Reflections of the
German Unification Process. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
Bamme, Arno. Elfriede Rotermund. Die Halligdichterin.
Munich: Profil,1995.
Bobo, Jacqueline. Black Women as Cultural Readers.
Film and Culture Series. Ed. John Belton. New York:
Columbia UP, 1995.
Bauer, Jeffrey Peter. Women And the Changing Concept
Of Salvation In the Operas Of Richard Wagner. Salzburg:
Ursula Muller-Speiser,1994.
Boetcher Joeres, Ruth-Ellen, and Elizabeth Mittman, eds.
The Politics Of the Essay. Feminist Perspectives.
Buckingham: Indiana U P, 1994.
Bauschinger, Sigrid. Ich habe etwas zu sagen. Anette
Kolb 1870-1967. Munich: Eugen Diedrich,1993.
Borel, Prance. Ve rfiih rung. Kiinstler und Modell. Leipzig:
Seemann,1994.
Bayer, Dorothee. Simone Wei!. Philosoph in Gewerkschafterin - Mystikerin. Mainz: MatthiasGrunewald, 1994.
Borhau, Heidi. Ingeborg Bachmanns 'Malina'- eine
Provokation? Rezeptions-Und Wirkungsasthetische
Untersuchungen. Wurzburg: Konigshausen & Neumann,
1993.
Borst, Eva. Ober Jede Scham Erhaben. Das Problem der
Prostitution im Literarischen Werk von Else Jerusalem,
Margarete Bohme und llse Frapan Unter Besonderer
Beriicksichtigung der Sittlichkeits- und Sexualreform der
Jahrhundertwende. FrankfurtlM.: Peter Lang, 1993.
Butler, Judith. Korper von Gewicht. Frankfurt! M.:
Fischer, 1994.
Carson, Diane, Linda Dittmar, and Janice R. Welsch, eds.
Multiple Voices In Feminist Film Criticism.
Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1994.
Catahi, Neus. In Ravensbriick ging meine Jugend zu Ende.
Vierzehn Spanische Frauen Ober Ihre Deportation In
Deutsche Konzentrationslager. Berlin: edition tranvia,
1994.
Boyce Davies, Carole. Black Women, Writing And
Identity. Migrations Of the Subject. London:
Routledge,1994.
Chanter, Tina. The Ethics Of Eros. Irigaray's Rewriting
Of the Philosophers. London: Routledge,1994.
Brade, Johanna. Suzanne Valadon. Yom Modell In
Montmartre Zur Malerin In der Klassischen Modeme.
Stuttgart: Belser, 1994.
Claes, Oliver. Fremde. Vampire. Sexualitat, Tod und
Kunst Bei Elfriede Jelinek und
Adolf Muschg. Bielefeld: Aisthesis, 1994.
Braidotti, Rosi. Nomadic subjects. Embodyment and
Sexual Difference in Contemporary Feminist Theory.
New York: Columbia U P, 1994.
Chima, Oji. Unter die Deutschen Gefallen. Hammer,
1992.
Brandt, Marion, ed. Gertrud Kolmar. Orte. Katalog zur
Ausstellung. Berlin: KONfEXTverlag, 1995.
Brennan, Teresa. History after Lacan. London:
Routledge, 1993.
Brokoph-Mauch, Gudrun, and Annette Daigger, eds.
Ingeborg Bachmann. Neue Richtungen in der Forschung?
Intemationales Kolloquium Saranac Lake 1991. Beitdige
zur RobertMusil-Forschung und zur neueren
bsterreichischen Literatur, Bd. 8. St. Ingbert: Rohrig,
1995.
Bruns, Karin. Kinomythen 1920 bis 1945. Die
Filmentwiiife der Thea von Harbou. Stuttgart: Metzler,
1995.
Clausen, Jeanette, and Sara Friedrichsmeyer, eds. Women
in German Yearbook 10. Lincoln: U. of Nebraska P,
1995.
Clement, Catherine. Die Frau in der Oper. Besiegt,
Verraten, Verkauft. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1992.240 pp.
(hardcover) DM 48. Paperback: dtvlBiirenreiter 325 pp.
DM 16.90.
Cornell, Drucilla. "Die Versuchung der Pomographie."
Mit einem Vorwort von Barbara Vinken. Berlin: Berlin
Verlag, 1995.
Dada-Buchel, Marianne. Katharine Mansfield's Dual
Vision. Concepts of Duality and Unity in Her Fictional
Work. Tubingen: A. Francke, 1995.
Bubenik-Bauer, Iris, and Ute Schalz-Laurenze, eds. " ... ihr
werten Frauenzimmer, aufJ" Frauen in der Aufklarung.
Frankfurt! M.: Ulrike Helmer, 1995.
Dahlke, Karin, Ulrich A. Muller, and Marianne Schuller,
eds. Heilloses Lachen. Fragmente zum Witz.
Schriftenreihe fUr Kultur-, Medien- und Psychoanalyse,
Bd. 46. Kassel, 1994.
Buchwald, Dagmar. Jenseits von Aktion und Passion.
Die Spaten Modularen Romane der Gertrude Stein.
Munich: Fink, 1995.
Davidmann, Lynn, and Shelley Tenenbaum, eds.
Feminist Perspectives on Jewish Studies. London: Yale
UP, 1995.
Buck, Claire. Bloomsbury Guide to Women's Literature.
London, 1992.
Demski, Eva. Afra. Heyne Bucher, 1994.
Budke, Petra, and Jutta Schulze. Schriftstellerinnen in
Berlin (1871-1945). Berlin: Orlanda, 1994.
Dermutz, K. Andrea Breth. Regie im Theater.
FrankfurtlM.: Fischer, 1995.
Burke, Carolyn, ed. Engaging With Irigaray. Feminist
Philosophy and Modem European Thought.
Dernedde, Renate. Mutterschatten-Schattenmiitter.
Muttergestalten und Mutter-Tochter-Beziehungen in
Deutschsprachiger Prosa. New York: Peter Lang, 1994.
Burnheim, John, ed. The Social Philosophy of Agnes
Heller. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
Diederichsen, Diedrich, et aI., eds. Das Madonna
Phtinomen. Hamburg: Klein, 1993.
I
Dines, Gail, Joan M. Humez, eds. Gender, Race and
Class in Media. A Text-Reader. London: Sage, 1994.
Finney, Gail, ed. Look Who's Laughing. Gender And
Comedy. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 1994.
Dolan, Jill. Presence and Desire. Essays on Gender,
Sexuality, Performance. Michigan: U of Michigan P,
1993.
Fischer-Lichte, Erika, ed. Theater Avantgarde.
Wahmehmung - Korper - Sprache. Tilbingen: Francke,
1995.
Doll, Annette. Mythos, Natur und Geschichte bei Elfriede
Jelinek. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1994.
Flaake, Karin. Ein Eigenes Begehren? Weibliche
Adoleszenz und das Verhiiltnis zu Korperlichkeit und
Sexualitat. Veroffentlichungsreihe Forum Berliner
Wissenschaftlerinnen stellen sich vor, Nr. 26. FU Berlin,
1994.
Dolling, Irene, and Beate Krais, eds. Der groJ3e
Unterschied. Die soziale Konstruktion der
GeschlechterdifJerenz. Gender Studies. Frankfurt! M.:
Suhrkamp, 1995.
Domer, Cornelia. Themen der Literatur von Frauen in
Argentinien im 20. Jahrhundert. Cologne: Bohlau, 1994.
Doyle, Laura. Bordering on the Body. The Radical
Matrix of Modem Fiction and Culture. New York: Oxford
UP, 1994.
Drolshagen, Ebba D. Des Korpers neue Kleider. Die
Herstellung Weiblicher SchOn he it. FrankfurtlM.:
Wolfgang KrUger, 1995.
Dusar, Ingeborg. Choreographien der DifJerenz. Ingeborg
Bachmanns Prosaband "Simultan". Literatur Kultur
Geschlecht, GroBe Reihe Bd. 4. Cologne: Bohlau, 1994.
Ebrecht-Laer, Angelika. Bemachtigung, Verschmelzung
und soziale Beziehung - Narzij3mus und Objektliebe im
Geschlechterverhiiltnis. Veroffentlichungsreihe Forum:
Berliner Wissenschaftlerinnen stellen sich vor, Nr. 28.
FU Berlin, 1994.
Eggert, Hartmut, Erhard Schiltz, Peter Sprengel, eds.
Faszination des Organischen. Konjunkturen einer
Kategorie der Moderne. Munich: iudicium, 1995.
Elena Lappin, ed. Translated by Krishna Winston.
Jewish Voices, German Words: Growing Up Jewish in
Postwar Germany and Austria. Catbird Press, 1994.094577 4-23-0.
Emmert, Susanne, et aI., eds. Frauen 1m Piidagogischen
Diskurs. Eine Interdisziplinare Bibliographie 1988-1993.
Frankfurt: Ulrike Helmer, 1994.
Evers, Susanne. Allegorie und Apologie. Die spate
Lyrik Elisabeth Langgassers. FrankfurtlM.: Peter Lang,
1994.
Feiner, Hertha. Vor der Deportation. Briefe an die
Tochter. Januar 1939 - Dezember 1942. Ed. Karl Heinz
Jahnke. Frankfurt aIM.: Fischer, 1993.
Felman, Shoshana. Wahnsinn und Literatur. Aesthetica.
Frankfurt! M.: Suhrkamp, 1995.
FleBner, H.u.a., ed. Women's Studies 1m Intemationalen
Vergleich. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus, 1995.
Flores d' Arcais, Paolo. Libertarer Existentialismus. Zur
Aktualitat der Theorie von Hannah Arendt. FrankfurtlM.:
Neue Kritik, 1993.
Flotow, Luise von, and Lucia Sauer. Freiburger
Frauenstudien. ZeitschriJt fUr interdiszipliniire
Frauenforschung. Jahrgang I, Heft 1. "Frauen und
Wahnsinn." Freiburg: jos fritz, 1995.
Frakes, Jerold C. Brides and Doom. Gender, Property And
Power In the German Women's Epic. U Penn P, 1994.
Fraser, Nancy. Widerspenstige Praktiken. Macht, Diskurs
und Gender. "Gender Studies." FrankfurtlM.: Suhrkamp,
1994.
Frenken, Herbert. Das Frauenbild in Brechts Lyrik.
FrankfurtlM.: Peter Lang, 1993.
Frevert, Ute. Mann und Weib, und Weib und Mann.
Geschlechter-DifJerenzen in der Modeme. Munich: C.H.
Beck,1995.
Freymilller, Renate. Das Bild der Frau in Federico Garcia
Lorcas dramatischen Werken. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1994.
Fritsch-Staar, Susanne. Ungliickliche Ehefrauen. Zum
Deutschsprachigen "malmariee" - Lied. Berlin: Erich
Schmidt,1995
Garb, Tamar. Sisters of the Brush. Women's Artistic
Culture in Late Nineteenth Century Paris. London: Yale
UP, 1993.
Gaudin, Colette. Marguerite Yourcenar. A la sUrface du
temps. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
Gekle, Hanna. Tod im Spiegel. Zu Lacans Theorie des
Imaginaren. Frankfurt! M.: Suhrkamp, 1995.
Gerlach, Ingeborg. Christa Wolf - Der geteilte Himmel.
Frankfurt: Diesterweg, 1993.
Gilman, Sander L., and Elaine Showalter. Hysteria
Beyond Freud. Berkeley: U of California P, 1993.
Gilman, Sander L. Freud, Identittit und Geschlecht.
Frankfurt! M.: Fischer, 1994.
Gilzmer, Mechthild. Fraueninternierungslager in
Siidfrankreich. Rieucros und Brens 1939-1944. Berlin:
Orlanda Frauenverlag,1994.
Glaser, Brigitte. The Body in Samuel Richardsons
"Clarissa". Heidelberg: C. Winter Universitiitsverlag,
1994.
Glaser, Jane E., and Artemis A. Zeneton, eds. Gender
Perspectives. Essays On Women In Museums.
Washington: Smithsonian Institution P, 1994.
Gassmann, Elisabeth, ed. Kennt der Geist kein
Geschlecht? Archiv fUr Philosophie- und
theologiegeschichtIiche Frauenforschung, Band 6.
Munich: iudicium, 1994.
Gassmann, Elisabeth. Mulier Papa. Der Skandal eines
weiblichen Papstes. Zur Rezeptionsgeschichte der Gestalt
der Ptipstin Johanna. Munich: iudicium, 1994.
Gottsched, Johann Christoph, ed. Die Verniinftigen
Tadlerinnen. Eine moralische Vochenschrift ( 2 Bande in
einem Band. Halle 1725 und Leipzig 1726. Reprint).
Ed. Helga Brandes. Hildesheim, 1993.
Greene, Gayle, and Coppelia Kann, eds. Changing
Subjects. The Making of Feminist Literary Criticism.
London, 1993.
Griffin, Gabriele. ed. Difference in View. Women and
Modernism. London: Taylor & Francis. 1994.
Gripenberg. Monika. Agatha Christie. Rowohlt
"Monographien." Reinbek, 1994.
Grubitzsch. Helga, Eva Kaufmann, Eva, and Hannelore
Scholz, eds. "/ch will meine Trauer nicht leugnen und
nicht meine Hoffnung". Veriinderungen kultureller
Selbstwahrnehmungen von ostdeutschen und
osteuropaischen Frauen nach 1989. Bochum: Verlag Dr.
Dieter Winkler, 1994.
Guida-Laforgia, Patrizia. Invisible Women Writers in
Exile in the U.S.A. Writing about Women, Vol. 12. New
York: Peter Lang, 1994.
Gunter, Andrea. and Veronika Mariaux, eds. Papierne
Miidchen - dichtende MUtter. Lesen In der Weiblichen
Genealogie. FrankfurtlM.: Helmer, 1995.
Gurtler, Christa, and Sigrid Schmid, eds. Die Bessere
Hiilfte. Osterreichische Literatur von Frauen seit 1848.
Salzburg: Otto Muller. 1995.
Haase, Sigrid, ed. Musen und My then Ill.
Frauenjahrbuch der Hochschule der Kiinste. Berlin, 1994.
Haggerty, George E .• and Bonnie Zimmerman. eds.
Professions of Desire. Lesbian and Gay Studies in
Literature. New York: MLA. 1995.
Hahn. Barbara. ed. Frauen In den Kulturwissenschaften.
Von Lou Andreas-Salome bis Hannah Arendt. Munich:
Beck, 1994.
Hall, Colette T. Marie Cardinal. Amsterdam:
Rodopi.1994.
Hammerstein, Katherina von. Sophie MereauBrentano.
Freiheit - Liebe - Weiblichkeit. Trikolore sozialer und
individueller Selbstbestimmung um 1800. Heidelberg:
Universitiitsverlag C. Winter. 1994.
Haraway, Donna. Monstrose Versprechen. CoyoteGeschichten zu Feminismus und Technowissenschaft.
Hamburg: Argument, 1995.
Hiirtl, Heinz, and Hartwig Schultz, eds. Die Erfahrung
anderer Lander. Beitriige eines Wiepersdorfer Kolloquiums
zu Achim und Bettina von Arnim. Berlin: de Gruyter.
1994.
Hassauer, Friederike. Homo. Academia.
Geschlechterkontrakte, Institution und die Verteilung des
Wissens. Heft 10. Vienna: Pas sagen, 1994.
Hauser, Kornelia. Patriarchat als Sozialismus.
Soziologische Studien zur Literatur aus der DDR.
Hamburg: Argument, 1994.
Hausmann, Friederike. Die Macht aus dem Schatten.
Allessandra Strozzi urd Lucrezia Medici. Zwei Frauen im
Florenz der Renaissance. Berlin: Wagenbach,1993.
Hecht, Elisabeth-Dorothea. Die traditionellen
Frauenvereine (Afoca) der Harari in Harar und in Addis
Ababa, Athiopien. Serie A. Afrika, Bd. 30. Berlin:
Reimer, 1994.
Heinemann, Marlene E. Gender & Destiny: Women
Writers and the Holocaust. Greenwood Press, 1986.
Heitmann, Annegret. Selbst Schreiben. Eine
Untersuchung der Diinischen Frauenautobiographik.
Beitriige zur Skandinavistik. Bd. 12. Frankfurt! M.: Peter
Lang, 1994.
Hendrix, Imma, et al. Bibliographie zur Briefforschung.
Forschungsobjektschwerpunkt. Der Brief als
kommunikatives und literarisches Faktum .... unter
besonderer Berucksichtigung der Frau als Autorin und
Adressatin. Berlin: FU, FB Germanistik, 1994.
Hering, Sabine. "Und das war erst der Anfang. "
Geschichte und Geschichten Frauenbewegter Frauen.
Dortmund: Ebersbach, 1994.
Innes, C. H. Woman and Nation in Irish Literature and
Society. 1880 -1935. Georgia: The U of Georgia P,
1994.
Herzog, Kristin. Finding Their Voice. PeruvianWomen's
Testimonies of War. Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: Trinity
Press International, 1993.
Institut fUr Sozialforschung Frankfurt, ed.
Geschlechterverhiiltnisse und Politik. "Gender Studies."
FrankfurtlM.: Suhrkamp, 1994.
Herzog, Madeleine. "Ich bin ... nicht ich." Subjektivitiit,
Gesellschaft und Geschlechterordnung In Gerlind
Reinshagens Dramatischem Werk. Bielefeld: Aisthesis,
1995
Jadamski, Doris, Hildgund Jehle, and Ulla Siebert, eds.
" ... und tat das Reisen wahlen!". Frauen-Reisen-Kultur.
Dortmund: Ebersbach, 1994.
Heuser, Magdalene, et al. eds. "Ich wunschte so gar
gelehrt zu werden. " Drei Autobiographien von Frauen des
18. Jahrhunderts. Texte und Erliiuterungen. Gottingen:
Wallstein, 1994.
Heymann, Brigitte, and Lieselotte Steinbriigge, eds.
Genre - Sexe - Roman. De Scudery a Cixous.
FrankfurtlM.: Peter Lang, 1995.
HiIIenaar, Henk, and Walter Schonau, eds. Fathers and
Mothers in Literature. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
Hirschbach, Denny, und Sonia Nowoselsky. Zwischen
Aujbruch Und Veifolgung. Kunstlerinnen der Zwanziger
Und Dreij3iger Jahre. Bremen: Zeichen + Spuren, 1993.
Hof, Renate. Die Grammatik der Geschlechter. Gender als
Analysekategorie der Literaturwissenschaft. Frankfurt!
M.: Campus, 1995.
Hohne, Karen, and Helen Nusnow, eds. A Dialogue Of
Voices. Feminist Literary Theory And Bakhtin.
Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1994.
Jakob, Angelika. Muss Wandeln Ohne Leuchte. Annette
von Droste-HulshofJ - Eine Poetische Biographie.
Paderbom: Igel, 1994.
Jakoby, Jessica, Claudia Schoppmann, and Wendy
ZenaHenry, eds. Nach der Shoa Geboren. JUdische
Frauen in Deutschland. Berlin: Elefanten Press, 1994.
Jansen, Mechthild M., and Ulrike Prokop, eds.
Fremdenangst und Fremdenfeindlichkeit. Beitrage einer
mit der Hessischen Landeszentrale fUr politische Bildung
veranstalteten Tagung. Basel: Stroemfeld, 1994.
Janz, Marlies. Elfriede Jelinek. Realien zur Literatur.
Stuttgart: Metzler, 1995.
Jehmlich, Reimer. Jane Austen. Darmstadt:
WissenschaftIiche Buchgesellschaft,1995.
Jelinek, Elfriede. Sturm und Zwang. Schreiben als
Geschlechterkampf Hamburg: Klein,1995.
Johns, Jorun B., and Katherine Arens, eds. Elfriede
Jelinek. Framed by Language. Riverside CA: Ariadne,
1994.
Horstenkamp-Strake, Ulrike. "Daft die Ziirtlichkeit noch
barbarischer zwingt, als Tyrannenwut!" Autoritat und
Familie im deutschen Drama. FrankfurtlM.: Peter Lang,
1995.
Jones, Calvin. The Literary Reputation of Else LaskerSchUler: Criticism 1901-1993. Columbia: Camden
House, 1994.
Hottong, Lisa. Die Sprache 1st Ein Labyrinth Von
Wegen. Studien zur Dramen- und Theateriisthetik von
Friederike Roth. Tiibingen: A. Francke,1995.
Jungablodt, Ursula. Die Konigin der Nacht.
Schopjungsprozesse zwischen Kunst und Therapie.
Freiburg: Kore, 1993.
Hufeisen, Britta, ed. "Das Weib soU schweigen... "
Beitrage Zur Linguistischen Frauenforschung. Frankfurt!
M.: Peter Lang, 1994.
Kaufmann, Sylke. Henriette von Pogwisch und ihre
Franzosische LesegeseUschaft. Marburg: Tectum, 1994.
Hunt, Lynn, ed. Die Erfindung der Pomographie.
Obszonitat und die UrsprUnge der Modeme. Frankfurt!
M.: Fischer, 1994.
Keck, Annette, Dietmar Schmidt, eds. Auto(r)erotik.
Gegenstandslose Liebe Ais Literarisches Projekt.
Geschlechterdifferenz und Literatur, Bd.2. Berlin: Erich
Schmidt, 1994.
Hutson, Lorna. The Usurer's Daughter. Male Friendship
and Fictions of Women in Sixteenth-Century England.
London: Routledge, 1994.
Klarer, M. Frau und Utopie. Feministische
Literaturtheorie und utopischer Diskurs im AngloAmerikanischen Raum. Darmstadt, 1993.
Kleinau, Elke, and Claudia Opitz, eds. Geschichte der
Miidchen-und Frauenbildung. Bd.l.Vom Mittelalter Bis
Zur AufkHirung. FrankfurtlM.: Campus, 1995.
Klock, EIs, Nicole Teeuwen, and Marijke Huisman, eds.
Women of the Golden Age. An International Debate On
Women In 17th-century Holland, England and Italy.
Hilversum: Verloren, 1994.
Knapp, Bettina. Nathalie Sarraute. Amsterdam: Rodopi,
1994.
Kobberling, Anna. Zwischen Liquidation und
Wiedergeburt. Frauenbewegung in Ruj3land Von 1917 Bis
Heute. FrankfurtlM.: Campus, 1993.
Kroll, Renate, and Margarete Zimmermann, eds.
F eministische LiteraturwissenschaJt in der Romanistik.
Theoretische Grundlagen -ForschungsstandNeuinterpretationen. Edition Ergebnisse der
Frauenforschung an der Freien Universitat Berlin, Band
38. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1995.
Kruse, Britta-Juliane. Verborgene Heilkunste. Geschichte
der Frauenmedizin im Spiitmittelalter. Berlin: de
Gruyter,1995.
Kubli, Sabine, and Doris Stump, eds. "Viel KiJpfe, viel
Sinn". SchweizerSchriJtstellerinnen von 1800-1945.
Eine Textsammlung. Zurich: efef, 1994.
Korff, Friedrich Wilhelm. Der Philosoph und die Frau.
Zur Geschichte einer Mesalliance. Ed. Gerd Ueding, Bd.l.
Tubingen: Promenade, 1994.
Kuczynski, Ingrid, and Anna Maria Stuby, eds.
Victorianism Re-Visited. Geschlechterverhiiltnisse in
Kultur und Literatur. Gulliver Deutsch-Englische
Jahrbticher, Bd. 34. Hamburg: Argument, 1993.
Kosta, Barbara. Recasting Autobiography. Women's
Counterfictions in Contemporary German Literature and
Film. Ithaca NY: Cornell UP, 1994.
Kuhn, Annette, ed. Frauenleben im NS-Alltag. Bonner
Frauenstudien zur Frauengeschichte Bd. 2. Pfaffenweiler:
Centaurus, 1994.
Kottenhoff, Margarete. "Du lebst in einer schlimmen
Zeit. " Christine de Pizans Frauenstadt Zwischen
Sozialkritik und Utopie. Cologne: Bohlau,1993.
Lambertz, Sigrid. Die "femme de lettres" im "Second
Empire". Juliette Adam, Andre Leo, Adele Esquiros und
ihre Auseinandersetzung mit dem weiblichen Rollenbild
im 19. Jahrhundert. Saarbriicker Hochschulschriften, Bd.
24. St. Ingert: Rohrig Universitatsverlag, 1994.
Kouoh, Koyo, and Holger Ehling, eds. Schwarze Frauen
Erziihlen. Munich: Marino, 1995.
Kramer, Helgard, ed. Frauenstudien Und Frauenforschung
1m 1nternationalen Vergleich. Frankfurt! M.: Campus,
1995.
Lange, Sigrid. Spiegelgeschichten. Geschlechter und
Poetiken in der Frauenliteratur um 1800. Frankfurt! M.:
Ulrike Helmer, 1995.
Kramer, Nicole, et aI., eds. Sei wie das Veilchen im
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Sunset in Cedar Key Florida
Photo by Monika Schaus ten
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