early to middle carnian (triassic) flora and fauna
Transcription
early to middle carnian (triassic) flora and fauna
Early to Middle Carnian (Iriissic) Flora and Fauna of the Richmond and ThylorsvilleBasins, Virginia and Maryland, U.S.A. Bruce Cornet and Paul E. Olsen Virginia Museumof NaturalHistory Number1 Guidebook Martinsville, 1990 seucer sohiry and Bas:n si4 3 Richmond and Taylnsville Basin sxariSraphy 3 Age of the Richnmd-Gyldsvile 7 \&rebble Asehblages Basi. Floias 14 carnian MegafloEs ol the Nsai* Sup.r8rolp: Pftvids Slsr.mdic Trshs Tdommi. Trcatmenr in This Fierd Guide The Fichhond and Tayknsvillc M.aatlons TIE fadl Cami.n Mcgaflord Mes.tu$iland 16 16 Ihe Middte cramian Me8ai.ra C@p:risd t6 19 Palyno{onl Chan8e in the Cirnian of Eurup.an rnd fi€M.* sbP l: llanowrAc i.ny Quadraryle stJp 2: Midrothi.h QuadBnde stop 3: Hallsboru QuadranHb sb! 4: wi'rkrp!.k Ir.lFoioEl Q@d6nele Phor%EphicPlrt€, 3a 33 24 3r 36 40 rie Fmtane and 3.cr &.hndd,Tayrocvilte Lisr of rhctograPhi. Prires 20 Change Flora m 22 15 . o n |u |''!q l h i !\l ]i vs(h d N n vJ ]lJul va (shp 4ri x. ||tlulh4ddbrttjoB'dnI'Pelnltjnr Mrimd 5ft hundrin 3{'r tBsRrzrro kr di k rn4sry ,* wiktpo.r, sGQy (b H -D sw.d r E. on[ e sr}}r R'fucld!P|*cdMg,6Ffi&b bolkJhb'.m9!b|',*lsto'|-9* cNr): rE d5h.6Fiy n' F'rl'l6 bclrddh|rJdaqnl d MDEn, v^ (9'Pnrc c. tu d ie Ld $b'* 6.Ft rq rhrdiB &b r @E rM rh( tuKet oudty; bE r(n, i ctdbe9q€cFrdtnt h Jn b b | 4 ' E' I!| 6 fu HPh d|sl iB *d |F.rffi i fth?tui P&dbrrtr d, n | &tr.id rr w. ktu ft' hdP n ,&nrian{ *tr d N F!n' iolFh rDm [i tullt ctryrlid rt p b cdrdr'rla. n l|rs b rNlbrqhrrir i3 tdoN ind driq l d l | i o | u d t ys.!|.mh t'|\.i i $ L o i b @l $o rdd dp a bf*ap d Pasa6 (ri8. 1). d se apr(qrbrit !nd{e d rtiE , . rE rohr6 rr !.sr4 rfths vdr bb the Eart ,&, d rh$ b*is 5tFb & 'he Mnh irE 0ajor dl biq ^Dru, {T Appd{hbn q!c{ (F3.1) rr sdrncnlry {e cned rh€ N€edr supqsreqp loke,, 931 frodri aodoks, ss). rbry liri blhs rG $rr(FE r). Mod or'h! brs h$G vrc ri[d lid h$r . oes rhd rpii i pd id or rpp$l d,idr * fri in r,.i* Gir y croii ! Pnhs b{hnr) sone d rh qPod bsh,, 5(h 6 dr RrMond iod $urhq! arbBile h5h5 (F3 1, F!#;-*. d rhe r4b6rrh btrh, v4i$ (Ft 2) r^6rn3 whid, riq jun b r! nusseddrRibr! re39, lrd rh_"srdr ori &nih4 d iqthw$r sr Mqtro G.3 . G{f iid wee!, rs5, rftbfl, l9b${)fu6U'dtcelhnqddTaybF id be;c. tr @ibhs dehEib Gu<h a lhd|hqnnrirb of sldhsd 1DFP ftH 19s)1i€dltr,dEnu[ainffiPrcvjdeavGw dsh) d Nqe c@bi G.s , Hae bsh) d vdshh/Nod, c,o oan ees/Dlnyic rha (e F, oh€i d ar , r9ts), trr Ns orhrd FoF frion (cdrJrburs hsh) 0t totrtrsytrani (c e , wiro€r lod Fodahe, 1m), ih€ chhts Fqn*b^ d rhe s@rhw$bn unid shks G.6, A$, HeFipher <ohhoi, *r rypror Epris") ?q ho{ (cDddqriii) 6qiis tui 4ftftrcr br dr NsrbE &c Fdirtrc (Es) , Bsr (1%e),,rh ehPdi@ ntdtr bE,! yhsdiu|kd4e4whdebreqhihtthl rjdhFd'Pstr!|y!+.mJdlvihtd.'hc STRUCTI'RAI, SETI1NG AND A{SIN aod or5!d, D{). cd!r!!!i id ),0!nn l{Ri$| l d i J i l l y I ! l I u j a i i q yi bFd rir Fer <,icA.lotr $ ! hndss o! mi) dd€ udd Ldd,v krr! Nln (idr ni) b4. rbw Dijq hNhi i'nr !v i iihn h*iii hndr G.tr.,8ar ,!i$r nriN (! g s'h'drr! i6dr6 kr !h! q'!ri rduD.dqr nr|d {nr sirbh$) ioLlri h Njir idrlu hdGr. uFlilndrrsi0oMn^{r||!lods(bh|h ^mch$ ileas4'tu$nk\ir n( s &, v t r + r$,. iid D l L E r,vl r\ Fxi 'h (nrqi^mLh5h) ioihcnliyhFrrlc6nni rb si !F q n ! tuk6 €,a0 rd) dsniq 0 i)(w[ 6 d n , 4 ! ) N muchis r,r0 n$* 4i d oiy:n au( (coo,!,i inJ turut M) rmBdr r!!$trl'urt di I RICHMOND rridFot 6dshs 'id{! i$r AND TAYIORSVIILE dcrNinr) kne dN: D&r (bd or q,4i* iiJ FrDr o{hdii o' ho{nitrft Fdenibcddy rid lohnin. d artrra b cllnuirt !4rn|! Rkhmoir 6rin Aiie, NiEnnarhylr!P*!i'!Jty'h.a!!$ dqplt,i,D (4 nn (d) d !tr,Fr k[in! rL ! 1m sLr h ) D,) Prordlrv p{!i{!(rNrldDq'h. dhriild h ni(holr (rs r*x cqi'! D iiJ fnR r Dru; dr! hr5 Jldzeglcr l*' Ruulh!un,Dsjcqct, by rdis{ { it. 0n Ptup r r\ ii Nd rN (f $ {, Pzpe -tJ of," 6,>4 V -Yk Pzpg FICHMOTIDBASIN VIRGINIA dlabseedlk€3 \ .r. buricd toull 4srtaco foull mxyla! Formrlion ggotte.dsle Formation f Turk6yBEnch Fm. WTuckah6 volley; (2) tlre l'urkey Banch Folmation, which €ither conformablv or unonfonnably orerlies the Tuckahm For.ndtien; and (3) thL' Oherdale Fouro. tion, which is scparated from thc underlying lirr- laull rone iIEo$obot Formation liig. 3. (;Rlo8ic mip of the Richmond bssin, showing probablc dis. tribution ufliiossic and pc-Triasic {orma. lions. l.ocations of Slop$ 2-d shorvn, Popup structules and structuEl foldin8 in thc northern pfft of lhe basin arc intcr ttFted f(om s.ismic dala. mf! = nrelnfelsic \alcantrlastics (also undcrlics the suthern h.tlf of the b*in); pE(?)mf = Ilosclry fcl. si( gneiss,pEm = Miidens Ctu'iss, pEs - Sabol Amphibolilej pEsf = State lrrm Gntis; Pzbg = tlo($bel CrModioritc; I'ztcB = Fire Crcek Mllls Grarritc; Pzfrg = Flat Rock Gnnite; fzpg - Petersbur8 Granite (and l,zbg underlie portions of the northern hillfof thc b{si{). kcy Branch Formation by an cmsional unconfolmit). or hiatus (Comet and Zcgler. 1985t Cornet, 19894 and 1989b; Edigcr ct al.. in prep.). lhc Turke], Bmnch lbrmntion (rrrelates in part with ItrllY b.r ioatln b.r HGxa ilTA i' Fif .1. Rkhmond bnin rtrntrgrnphy lo. the l'krrncr ,fl rnd Brilry |,l w.llr: pdttlon, kerut€n lfi- pdl:/nomorph rbundan(c, rFrN Isllen/ aollos, ono pulcocn!lronmenbl (w(l( depth) history fr)r the l lorner wull; f or lithologic {.qu(n(Ti lhc I l$il{r and hiley w.ll$ dru corFlated to f.cica rhow dynlmic I o t : .h!n6ca In b!6in o!c. r diilrK. ltf 9.6 lm (ilr dr ): wcll lilholo8i.'r $?m errfcrl tnrt 15 m (il fi.) rdr$l!; ladnN tran{lGliont Jnd rqin'$ion! .d hd rehpGi on kci)ten in l[xr, flualulhns p.rl!'oomorph absn. dnn(6 in !(\lih{nt*, lo8 inrnd f,i$phlsiLnl ond corl(tpNl,iNils rr.l'rtiotrr. Nlrrdificd (i"nct (1989r), trtm thc \eirlbund Nl€mber of thc l)osrvell Formation in the'lhyloFr,ille bnsin. drrd Lroth rcpREent sr queD(s thal extend acro$t ilr(. rl(t vallcy and burv Faleohills on lhe rifl vollcy "Iloor," Thr OHenJolc Fornation, $'hich ii rratri(tcd ntninlv lo lhp Htuthcrn t\ro-thirds of the Richmrnd trnrin (Fig. 3), has been pallnologicdlly dlled lry Cornct as lata'(:rr. dan, and mali also ltr pn'trnl In th€ expored part ol the layloFville basin (fi8. 6). Although lhe lithoh)Ei. q'qucnccs ol the Riduond and Taylorvill('boiiri orc tcn similai stnti8.aphic tr.rlmrnt dilft,h lx{u,(tn tlre luo Efl G .\!l MNfui. rd ta .Jk []6 8 T-- oic^{rc-P@. cdisEi E Lrcusn rE ac's tr Nd| pdr !|iid!r or ,( r jr lj' iiJtr !.JyFor lsr t ms kB, . w . b i ! u ' pl i i d se M.tl a b r E* {, !!si6$i ddn ba rE5 ?E n( ACE OT THX RTCHMOND. TAYIORSVILL8 X,{SIN FtOfAS (Ndni.tud!^). xrd ri ni urF aD!(Rh*b ugq n Lrlr?$ir alf rh€ |'! rdon d rhi rre !i(i6i) r{! r$i{ irF (nF r ep bls brsii (Es. D ti Nq'i c{dri H!P!' F{ 5Nnn,l,3ulfDljl6|6n uy d .ldoi ^r6DtrYd, i$"tF!md!. r3e $) Bd (tubb,! d r., D4) d'r.rcrc! fi%rddd! .+4 0r4J qd cq [ *is i,i lii Dqe , nr (ierit nudred ud llDpid rhc prridhDi JNRrinolddDyhsllb6$bEuG FoFliic|rclbBlD'JigJtrsnyidq orJ P'tNdo6r 'tu (R c. A$ lrem, fa7) ryqiF Aitrsr b'! rir$i! lrid s Yh6ila o) bmdr{-t ia lniddi!.dihir, c} z!re i rrqr4ror {lac .i1utr), (3) zon! d tiu4dr a!h! Tois d L.urptrs iid (nh $(rs,,ituii"d !d lrrullld D&dyn m'v n $L T AYL ORSVIL L E8 4 SIN, VIRGINI A tf N t:_l a3 D L:] e:t rl 14, cq\{, rr!\aF.. F73) (,idrrr7r rudih!!Rin'in plsd rn{ 14{ oe86) rodhrd tinp!*rddrdr6Frr4.buf rbe 6$[ iPoE danc)lir Fnci rE 6atr v,ib inl i Lr! rn*n Grrr B!i\ Nlcnbn trttroflo, Piodudia cal M.,sufs b.undaiy (F,e.3) n4 4enbe, ddrirN h {E esb l\!. ! lnd s). nE arcno anrLe or {hFq€d ryniPods h 3 , Moluce !q. dsrhn subsaselkysryn, re3: r.ibqman, (ro@!u, rs?r tso.r rqet b. li\ hli{ $ e h i t ' { I ! € q d d ''h P E P ) &l'rydd6 e{d.idhi ohd!}[o|P!'rJ&l4hJd'dn,tri), ; k@n k@ rF DeP tuE! 6n (FFnor\, re,$vr ldinr, ar $dor $i Fdtrobr bdr lbiu8ilin, res) \i$rF ( re$) q,m6r5 $c hihiiD d Mrk dnun !!qed, l2s r5M, vdu !qf8 spqh d6d'Grsvsi qrbdb! '^ tus Mrnkr r$i.6t (if 4, bd rhE 8.nus i5 nrc (nmn tun4r $oPods (.r d rh! tu k,h.ctorNid Dei (cFu\*.r.9rinn Dtrns!, re$ i nscnn^{'i'il|6\rPhtrt!fuhmo\1h9n d ihe 'he 4) rhGbF* (i r.. srhdb uit ind qtini nrlor i uF 'hc {.r sbp 2 ribr! er Fis 3) rh5 ssnu! !d,{i tF by h iE tucd, ind t prdu.d P8r), lrnF( x J'' lgd) lh! dh|t]!!uPod' ^!d/;1{4c h.ic! 1ri3 1). inpiyds ! .tiiF. h dinib oqFrudr d dDDg! (d h{ltordli5 'hi! r'(!n sbp r G{rr ('ib,n fr. ru. shp t lnrdr ].ybFihbaDsli!re|cnbd6y'hcdtdih orrhtrrknirn otrm,e 6l frr d. rh! orhdrr '[r $nd{oms rh! RithnoDd trdi 0h*c be Bse rtuou3nqd p({i ti!'iii lrkh$old h5h lquLid)i d! id lnntonfrs LvLr*rtu sli ti3 torD'h 6h+orrl doDhil ir fthd $'iDDbs {A[iir rrh cdih (csid, Mi] cn!.d d oei, l9l5 [dis, ae) 6 tut lli!$trlcl{ndud?'glqss)Trcs]Nlr't $bod,oth, L4) 6!h bJli (n coodwir (! & nidmond hd od , F35r fte€ hndr$ n' hcdtr lNdadlpidlgh' .Endi3e d ursoloor |!'il*r lr!*rd r!.r. '|d,t -l II J ; e I .t 'IiP [email protected] d,ua\i( d*E dD' F$ tha\3h riD h,he Hrc *L ldr(t Fn r) rh.i!,a+de|3! cdn.i sei ren dr!&rrdtun ,oi5} tsqldPJy( m[P[ii]ir .} 1 1 cR44 q!n!Ed.0j hsd, r r b0 o, ! 0 N r{!!l 'h P!1N!! !i1uc51frili.s, ft:rer** Ei r#{"miftFjtJ"l :;::sLt:*11*,= s*:y". {'r{r drio. rrtndi d.Jir i li* ! rrrn6, f/$F,/6 b|ne rrcn Nn ibde rhe ..igmmh q@N ,r I i ri!!a,id rd! !b'p4s. .{riDri , {r,, !6r'r! turrtte{uf, F&./dir *!a6*Nd]!{ui6F,J6ht(E'dd./Rr] f r-'-::------sl J)-) \:<--w I uer6 tNn $. tudad rd 6t!@i h3Mr@dqlaotrn6'F*trd'nsasirePE*iedhuP.e ld.Pt3'inhm'ts36)jc'ewsru ic.{r EPryEdd h siP, blrhnn, (!d+!d i^^ ob d; q erYryn ^4!e de MroR b$tF,3 supe$rcuP (cqid, r ) d tousyn?tu r@at ituine itu Nm,!d.y 'b.unrudnnndbno|t[c+fuv6bash (F&. D d Nodh GNriq, sd{h @tu;! p,rc \'ERITIRA|! ASSEMILACES kf. dodfut'dby'h(.PprFdlle.JeNccdii€ldid rbh tu{.&sf,,'r!iF3 Pjionanorft u). and orsn. Ns) hdrrr$ ii ou. Bsr $0 nr uusa'he!{'aoE|r[hchlilyin6c.!ny n bnd zur!: rh? o.1@.( a,( d i , loiq qqdophyd.oltrdonuddnoatL&B!! lco.idrqd oL.n D&t rhE rbd psicirirt 4tr4lh!dlh]diidc@idl}vlD(b,(sdrtr h udnsr 3P, psibrr tr od{dh ftd€ r) 'd & hth e sP<'d tun rhq p{u bi A,r snbh4'h!i$ldtrdidilpud{!*nbLF.t ha!b4i!w4qjl||1{ lius5fteb{ .!h|j4 \!fod9thcdclkk|adtgfcdttiPo! ciybes {!.s , sh! tr 'nd w{dEm'hi 1s, &ir. md m{oP€auriw$dd lrh D{n sd) CARNIAN MECAIIIORAs OITHE NEWAR( SUPERGROUPI PRE!'IOUS S\STEMAIIC TREATMENTS "plud6udhD rc|trtr l6s!d o. r v-tq6;) 1354,iodih. lrss), luf)i lnnonsosr trinnq ru nr6h{ osr, whsrytrer6), a^d blk oes, re.9, wih nm F( nidddosbv ion d s! rkfnsd b+i (hr frnahe{ boLir d srip 1) rhN5 [r( hded rh! ! olq J^d 'h! rh N.w!* ruPt4ouf (oh.4 d r , res) rhL lispside lsootd "ninrur.Lk r.htr{)rid tuoiquLinlhcN0'FnIkn!|h.tnrH.]; rroi(re@, retu) .q 0e%; Rs6).or$n d roF (re3, aqd asnih ad G*uu(D$l wih sq.rion d 6cr lrea), rc ry{{lrr 'h. ldyit H!p€, lnd riylx lEcENrd is!4) h!njruh4wriwmdigesfu&lshlon!9*' hr,, tunqdno ssMr +dd bc 'hd hF,ind$n!|t,j|]eFqtech|'f& .( l.Aplme4inpjcd' fuLlg( ' hPls! sE' !e) rh r@rhrwl r nrh -*obr4€ 'trh&6 h[5 h Nr$a$c$'B (nrhhc, ns rid qrhb wis rh! rolrr ron,h tsbp t, *{h ceskrenbsofthTueyB6rchb!fubonii qrdt tunbhe $a) @ad nv nins 6t de*ied ind iand br EIMon oe; 'da857) bqr o$e) iid Edue ihr b on6ie 'rnP@n iLn 6 rtu 3d A(ssn iind (. $ , cb'!#r,[rr rq s/r.@4[a, dd Msaturyt\hn 6 cbNrhytLfl afi I'tnrrrytrrn, iihod sv4adeur iudfrcd o,, itrr 6.D4 dlitrr rrr&rd 444, er ) T?IItTMENT h 4e B6d m Fnoros Ges) ind llmoN r$s; coimL tret 0s7) fron rhe bur h@ mu.h dds @6idsFg 'rhod encls'fiB63h:ndsdbhNcwr*bidi (hnnq ind Fontihe, ,em; ot enilyiadi comt Dzi; .nd &oehl€. rs9 atu ^$nrh (oken d n., Dzr tubh6 and nnflnsinb NotrluJoiFligfJ|yP!olp'i,|'P.sldl TAYC)NOMIC oF( c{nnn * IN TI{I5 TIELDCUIDE THE EARIY CARNIAN MECA.FI,OI|A (mPEheEi!Pt'uofthbownflfird.idesk d Forilhe DdoE rh{ jr oDr nhca at wtihPo*, ,[cn 5u6e]rcdry' c@rb ,ru), d rhr{ 03s) f 3o.k 0{r) ANI' yriro &d5 menE$ whrh reP6ed9 5dd! 6 df Pur @ No!$ Mda (sr4 r). &{k ( p@ h5, oe) srltd€d w6 unc! hn, TIIE RICI]MOND lir vilfhh bl ^idrr&r hnbsc !!vc a 3nrl mc' rikry lbd nd n(6e.rv) 8.un. Mn6 1. 3 , Pbrqrryr!,r innqd d cbo|nyro,,) havc sor pr&ed 6 s,..n,$y w64 o3d3). who Fid tu.6 oeeEs i 99 hcru*. (Fomiinq s{t fla6]. ?) Moc ddii[J it) TA}'TORSVTLLE (ri3 3) rEW piqdcd (r!de ? Pbr5 r 2r) Derdbr. Addlrom|'&wged$cnbedbybdiN o333)fn,n rh! M'drdhEdlid M.n$nd mhisdLrick(ribb3;F$ 3) w G(834plq ydduqPdftdCmPihtbndoDj'nhilgxa! id &$6dt6+r! Rudba! (aa d$cdbed 'h ,de d rf! Ridmmd s# (ff3. rl, dd; uP. cqrqrn or pr{idophyr spe.6 lb5tr 2), n dudbgdsmfu{e@!'dPkdeq,us,lnd3ts| lrFs'md]*bletrl)oeod6Tnr:Rh*np podued abou' u syi'olr{n 3p<jes o:br.4, sdudhs onoon cradDhyrR G 3. 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'rcm Laa wnh LhLlrtur'le d noird ih tfu{d.hi'lh.innr{ryi6Pqm5ioJ'Ftr 6s{sigpltlNindq\ui|$zsdP.lBk' THE MIDDI,E trry..Md ninws ipriry CAITNIAN MECAFLORA lPhr n, id r)me orhd{ldc?olhtnidecirnhimegdld* !{Dr{ iir.dr6), nne! n hdb( b hr4'4 LrDclel dra. clrinr M.knrh{ee, 6n4t (cqii, D:hr8rtr d d, u8s) lnd $D,{k, pLd ri e., a3o hw dn, D77) a,..fnqurr n no. ,). roD rdlh rtur dis b hdds tud !h.ri/l,llitsb . hrr.rrlrsr)d$qird Phderw, !d &a& rron Hmmr cQntt $hrhL'&itibsedodii*r'lryhlh, str isEdi edD r, noB sb3s +i(a{ cf.k (!r srf r) q ts qrr cddr cdi., hs E@!.td16n.s6sie'eei8h'fuguc roiB euss crcr fLsb o, !i bd 6u d wbd qolh'h!sd'c{nb!ion'IomtkRth0.ld l!sh' ThBndaKcbdhsliq,Pl$!0rotud b ndroa and 5[6bns on (P d 5ib diynd.i iid shihs. rh. Ihds r harn€ bsdlrtuus *queme bdo$ b ecs3 0e&t ,4Pe.h|lryccckMmjb.'ryhid@!dts drc,.urd,r'*'ri3'ririfi 1,",.,,r,r.r'.i,i4r4h fu5i46crc€kdq:cdoDhikdbysyMc. zd@ 4! one&n. 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MECAFOoSTI AND PALYIiOFLORAL C}IANCE INTHE CARNIAN anbffd (34)i rk nid€ 42 sP.o4 0 .omn FrF6r{i4P6y lrlE .( e Fry onyll (riHe 3) qin clDbi hishq nunet d {P'od!dw €udP6n o,nhrf (I 3r ), w ldr L re o E.odrd d(tr\€|e,degimi],ntyh.Fasod}'jishlr aiii.EiseaFLy'DrulPhdec6i$tdq'ib' dn'iol|owdb'ajgnijionld+b9heh Lrcrftn rn!(:* llbk 3). tu rrFBr ii oaolt[656'idPbhhbin,ruyhfl. horcetd!cF.4eePhtdi46aud !rtc&u!6hd{dEFDdaqJ(qPdlbl mrr dcd a h$e' trhL (i c , 6d6) @rd @ edqrol 1@) As i on*quei( fth6 Gr ce d t , d dcFad innud wn( d'dlny bils 4 sP<k (rru? ,) d rhc Fmdu{ o, inrln liKCdrldJgby,Ic!''loPjNdioBbowr e4|ic'edbtbroEiDdd*Bindh|4Ai hkoedbbKdqi6|'m.tMnPercnnd *P:ndd'crcJhF|heoPPqfunitybic{hnh s , byo n F . l o b s P l d u Qd s{4 b 5 tib1. 4), onry one d wlib hs nd yd hd dnd Th!A!trlodd6rnsft!!hflon|dieFity hBay'6rc!3hqPlndldad€c'dhindmal |!ih!aeooellnihle6wgihe.'l'ald !e non GDnons, s$, ss7) d slshiy ruqisei !a! 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(Rqbdionym Drru4r!. 4.&ri schdffu ind McDutrd 1%l (rt rs, Rc, Rl R') Drrwry*! qra{d /@n dr4 ri0,,!trtr" (uunbmri)ron':re. a.'. u! , oi,{,ri. Foiahc A Ei ,froprlyl,B todahs A /. ' ui dNiri/d'f tufbin. $rcoPblynj chd./rrbrsni,r !nLdqrificd baics({0 aN$bqry) hd (- c d 4 ' ,d 6 q ih lo n te e Pb tslo in d|. c/d'p]ldGPqld@'i'io6*FonbjncPblcl chrrc,dldi Do,io]ll4 (Rtu,si ) Btungnh* rcw slns d L{l.!w (tu) ncw 8!nus .r ,],inm,4dd Gn cdrlt,no ,inr dsi tEhnons) Bo.r ( l!.ivrPrc,'iwli.mbFodihemdr' ,he,riii Fdnhho Pb&\ 4, 5, ,nd e. cv*oFft d{/i 8Gk, 6und onry r 1!h1!r o@oF,4 |ldnrryr lrodacc)Bo.L, tu! ftDoP*4ii!a.fu.1'i'laFln|nifui; trEDr uddqmicd 61Dsa0 Efltdisrd0!fudBod,dtli$uGhdLyE udee'iEd eeth and sdre (tu) +is'r4 ied!, (Dubry) Bo.k. 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