Inclusion Policy in Scottish Education
Transcription
Inclusion Policy in Scottish Education
Inclusion Policy in Scottish Education David Thompson The Scottish Government Learning Directorate Statistical Information: Schools School Census September 2010 • 673,138 school-aged pupils • 2,634 publicly-funded schools • 2,099 primary schools (age 5-11) • 372 secondary schools (age 12-18) • 183 special schools • 7 Grant-Aided Special Schools •32 Education Authorities Statistical Information: Schools School Census Sept 2010 Pre-School Approximately 97% 3 and 4 year olds in attendance. There are 2,586 centres • Primary Schools (5-11 years) Average class size 23.1 Pupil: Teacher ratio 15.8:1 • Secondary Schools (12-18 years) Class sizes variable. Pupil: Teacher ratio 12.1:1 Special Schools Account for 1.0% of total pupil population. Pupil: Teacher ratio 3.6:1 Historical context 3 phases • 1950-1974 • 1974-1999 • 1999-2011 1950 -1974 - There were 3 categories of handicap: •educable special school or class •ineducable but trainable occupational centre •ineducable and untrainable mental deficiency hospitals 1974 – new law passed • Remove terms ineducable and untrainable • All children should have access to teachers • Including those in ‘mental deficiency hospitals’ and day care centres • So all children have a right to education • But – the medical model still dominated • Children were ‘handicapped’ and required ‘treatment’ 1980– new law passed 1978 Warnock report recommendations accepted • Avoid labelling children as handicapped – instead they have special educational needs (SEN) • About 20% of school population have SEN • 2% of these require a legal planning document – Record of Needs • Integrate children in mainstream schools where possible 2000 • Standards in Scotland’s Schools Act • the presumption that the education of all pupils will normally be provided in a mainstream school unless exceptional circumstances apply. 2004 new law passed •Additional Support for Learning Act •Additional Support Needs •Duties of education authorities to identify and address needs •Duties on other agencies •Rights for parents •Planning - co-ordinated support plan •Resolving differences – parental access to Tribunals What are additional support needs? •Temporary medical conditions •Family circumstances •Bullied •More able, talented •Language and communication disorders •Terminal illness in family •Sensory impairments •.... Statistical Information Additional Support Needs School Census Sept 2010 •69,587 pupils (10.3% of all pupils) had additional support needs of which 66% were boys. •62,694 are in mainstream schools (9.4% of mainstream school pupils.) 6,800 pupils are in special schools. Summary statistics 1999 – Scottish Parliament Year Special schools Teachers Pupils As % of school pop. P:T ratio 1996 158 1,677 8,077 1.05 4.8 2001 197 2,028 8,183 1.10 4.0 2006 190 2,075 6,975 0.99 3.4 2007 183 2,020 6,721 0.97 3.3 2009 190 1,985 6673 0.99 3.4 [email protected]